UNIT 1Section 2.3

Carbon Compounds

A. CARBON COMPOUNDS

1. Organic compounds-any substance structurally containing Carbon

a) Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen are usually bonded to Carbon

B. LARGE CARBON MOLECULES

1. Monomer: single molecular unit2. Polymer:3. Macromolecule:

C. MOLECULES OF LIFE

1. 4 organic compound classifications:a) Carbohydrates (_______)b) Proteins (_________)c) Lipids (_______)d) Nucleic Acids (_______)

D. CARBOHYDRATES

1. Carbohydrates (Carbs.): made of ___________2. Name of Carb will end in “ose”3. 3 types

a) Monosaccharidesb) Disaccharidesc) Polysaccharides

D. CARBOHYDRATES

4. Monosaccharide:a) Monomer of carbsb) Simple Sugarc) Example: _________

___________ is used for energy to do cell activities

D. CARBOHYDRATES

5. Disaccharides:a. Two Monosaccharidesb. Double sugarc. Example: Sucrose=

E. CARBOHYDRATES

6. Polysaccharide:a) Three or more monosaccharidesb) Example: _______(stored sugar)

c. Glycogen – animal starch• Stored in liver and

muscles to provide power and regulate blood sugar levels.

d. Plant starch • Stores energy for

future use. Example: potatoes & carrots

e. Cellulose• Makes up cell

walls: plants• Strength, rigidity,

flexibility: plants

f. Chitin – exoskeletons of insects

7. FOODS THAT HAVE LOTS OF CARBOHYDRATES FALL INTO 2 CATEGORIES

a. Simple carbs Sugars Highly processed

grains – white bread, white rice, & pasta

b. Complex carbs Whole grain foods,

fruits and vegetables

E. PROTEINS

1. Used to carry out cell activities like: Muscle contraction Biological reactions Enzymes Antibodies Transportation Structure and Support

E. PROTEINS2. Amino Acids: the

building blocks of proteins

a) R-Group- 20 differentb) Changing the R-Group

will change the shape of protein, changing the protein’s _________

E. PROTEINS

3. Peptide Bond: bond formed between _______________

4. Polypeptide: _______ Amino Acids bonded together

F. LIPIDS

1. Lipids (fats): large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water

2. Store energy efficiently3. Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids

FATTY ACID

G. LIPIDSb) Triglycerides:

Provides more energy than carbs & proteins

c) Phospholipids: Forms cell membrane

PHOSPHOLIPID

G. LIPIDS

d) Waxes: Structural lipids, waterproof, used for

protection

e) Steroids: Makes up hormones & cholesterol

H. NUCLEIC ACIDS

1. Nucleic Acids: contain genetic (hereditary) information

Composed of ________ (monomers) DNA (polymer): RNA (polymer):