U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Appalachian Forest Experiment …coweeta.uga.edu/publications/807.pdf · · 2014-03-25OUTLINE FOR COMPILING PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF

Technical Note No. 34 August 23, 1939

OUTLINE FOR COMPILING PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF DATA.FROM SMALL DRAINAGE AREAS. '.',' . .., ..

Prepared by the

Division of Forest Influences

C. R. Hursh, In Charge

U. S. Department of AgricultureForest Service

Appalachian Forest Experiment StationR. E. McArdle, Director

Asheville, N. C.

CONTENTSPage

Foreword 1

Standard rain gage records 3

Record of weighted mean precipitation on an individualdrainage basin 6

Recording rain gage record ..... 10

Precipitation intensity record • ... 19

Weighted precipitation intensity record . . ........ 25

Record of runoff . . , . * . . . ; . . . • • 35

Drainage discharge data . 48

Summary of precipitation, and. runoff by storms . 54

Plates

1. Rain gage service areas 7(Drainage No. 7)

2. Mass rainfall curve 14(Drainage No. 7)

3. Recording rain gage service areas 29(Drainage Mo. 8)

4. Time interval for computing runoff from mean ofdischarge at beginning and at ending ofintervals . . . . . 40(Allowable error of one percent - 90° "-notch weir)

5- Stage hydrograph 4!(Drainage No. 7)

6. 1936 stream hydrograph 49(Drainage No. 7)

FOREWORD

Studies of small drainage areas., directed toward findingout the relationships between land management practices and waterresources;, are receiving increasing attention throughout the UnitedStates as a part of the national consciousness for conservation ofbasic natural resources. Small drainage area studies will furnishthe basis for an intelligent management of water from the time itfalls on the land as precipitation. They will serve as a basis onwhich to plan for water conservation for agricultural needs, formunicipal and. industrial uses, and for recreational uses of ourstreams.

A complete accounting for all forms of water rechrrgc andwater discharge for any drainage area would require a thoroughanalysis of all phases of the hydrologic cycle including precipita-tion losses due to interception by vegetative canopies, evaporationand transpiration discharges,; soil moisture retention and all formsof ground water seepage. Many years of systematic research will berequired before all of these phases of the hydralogic cycle will beaccounted, for accurately. Fortunately, certain of the more easilymeasured phases do furnish a fairly reliable basis for interpretingimportant trends in the water economy of small drainage areas. Twosuch measurements are precipitation recharge and runoff. These twomeasurements are the primary steps in all small drainage area studies.They also assist in orienting the research needs for other less easilymeasured phases of the hydrologic cycle.

This outline describes a procedure for systematic compilationof data for continuous records of precipitation and of stream dis-charges. It is based on experience with small drainage areas in theSouthern Appalachian Mountains. For the further analysis of, data ithas been found advantageous to compile all records by six month periodscorresponding to the growing and dormant seasons. Accordingly, theperiods from May 1 to October 31 and November 1 to April 30 have beenadopted as the growing and dormant seasons for the purposes ofcompilation and analysis of hjtirologic data.

In June 1938 a preliminary outline was circulated.for commentto a number of workers in the field of small drainage area studiesand numerous valuable suggestions for improvements have been received.Since that time standard forms have been adopted for reporting massprecipitation and stream discharge to be used in exchanging dataamong different workers. In this revised outline these forms havebeen used wherever they are applicable.

Certain procedures discussed in the first issue of theoutline, for example, that of determining infiltration-fromobserved storms by use of the "rainfall excess" method, ivhichmore nearly fall under the heading of data analysis thancompilation, have been deleted. Such procedures can be more..adequately treated under a special outline for the analysis ofhydrological data for small drainage areas.

The preliminary outline was assembled by L. K. Hill,Associate Civil Engineer, and K« A. MacKichan, Junior HydraulicEngineer. The present revision has been made largely by R. A.Hertzler, Assistant Hydraulic Engineer, and Miss Inez Willoughby,Junior Statistical Clerk* Important suggestions as to the form .of the present.outline have also been made by H. J. LougheadjAssociate Conservationist, and E. F* Brater, Assistant HydraulicEngineer.

Actually, the outline represents the efforts of both fieldand office staff of the Division of Forest Influences at theAppalachian Forest Experiment Station, for without continuousfield records such an outline could not have been developed.

C.'R. HURSH,Senior Forest Ecologist.

Note: Assistance in the preparation of these materials wasfurnished by the personnel of Works Progress AdministrationOfficial Project No. 701-3-21.

—2—

STANDARD RAIN GAGE RECORDSForm 1

Purpose

The tabulation of precipitation amounts measured by standard

rain gages is given in this form.

Procedure

The original data as collected after each storm period are

copied from the observer's field notebook and consist of the following:

date of storm period^ date observer measured the precipitation, amount

of precipitation in inches, and time of day each standard rain gage

was measured.

At the end of each month the total precipitation is recorded,

all entries checked against the observer's field notebook, and the

form filed.

RI-APForests on StreamflowPrecipitation


STANDARD RAIN GAGE RECORDS

Form l

xperimental area:

••00 p.m. unless otherwise stated.

Year

Sheet of sheets



STANDARD RAIN GAGE RECORDS

Form 1

Experimental area: Co we eta

Date ofstormSept.

3

12-15

20

24

29

29-30

Date ofreadingSept.4

15

21

25

29

Oct. 1

Monthly total

Gage No. 12Inches

1.10

0.12

1.80

0.49

0.35

5.94

9.80

Time*

12:20

10:50

12:15

12:20

12:25

10:45

Gage No. 17Inches

1.21

0.23

1.90

0.55

0.36

6.16

10.41

Time

1:05

1:15

1:25

1:30

12:55

1:15

Observed by: C.C.C. Computed by:

Gage No. 25Inches

1.11

0.34

1.40

0.56

0.41

5.30

9.12

Time

12:05

10:35

12:00

12:00

12:10

10:30

Gage No. 18Inches

1.21

0.12

2.00

0.57

0.37

6.08

10.35

Time

1:35

1:50

1:50

1:40

1:00

1:45

Gage No. 21Inches

1.21

0.16

1.85

0.60

0.44

5.90

10.16

Time

1:50

2:00

2:10

2:15

1:20

2:00

Hall Checked by: R.A.H.

Gage No. 20 n

Inches

1.26

0.25

1.88

0.56

0 .44

5.94

10.33

Time

2:35

3:00

2:30

2:40

2:20

3:00

Remarks

* Observations are made from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p-m- unless otherwise stated.

Month September Year 1936 Sheet 1 of 1 sheets

RECORD OF WEIGHTED MEAN PRECIPITATIONON AN INDIVIDUAL DRAINAGE BASIN

Form 2

Purpose

As most drainages require more than one gage for adequate

sampling, precipitation in area inches is derived from a weighted

mean of all gage measurements. Form 2 is used for this computation

for individual storms.

Procedure

The Horton-Thiessen Mean Method-^used for the estimating of

area inches of precipitation consists of applying to each standard

rain gage reading a weight factor -which is the percentage of the

total drainage area lying closer to this gage than to any other gage.

The rain gage service area, represented by each standard rain

gage, is determined by geometrical construction and planimetering.

Each gage reading is applied to an area bounded by either the perpen-

dicular bisectors of the lines connecting each gage to adjacent gages,

or by the boundary of the drainage area, or by both. The method of

determining rain gage service areas is shown on plate 1.

The standard rain gage (S.R.G.) number and its weight factor

are listed in the first and second columns of form 2. In the remaining

14 columns are recorded individual storms, each storm requiring two

columns. The amount of precipitation for each gage is recorded in the

first column, the product of weight factor and amount of precipitation

in the second. The sum of the amounts in the second column is the

weighted mean precipitation on the drainage basin in area inches for

the individual storms,

I/ Horton, Robert E.1923.Accuracy of areal rainfall estimates.Ko. Wca. Rev, 51:348-353.

-6-

N

90" V-NOTCH WEIRNO. 7

o

•V

LEGEND

STANDARD RAIN GAGE

RECORDING RAIN GAGE

90° V-NOTCH WEIR

PERCENT DRAINAGE AREA

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATONASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

RAIN GAGE SERVICE AREAS

DRAINAGE NO. 7

COWEETA EXPERIMENTAL FOREST

SCALE: I" =500 FT.500 0 500

AREA = 145.5 ACRES

qONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET

PLATE I

RI-APForests on StreamfipwPrecipitation


.RECORD OF WEIGHTED MEAN PRECIPITATIONON 'AN INDIVIDUAL DRAINAGE BASIN

Form 2

1CO1

Experimental area: Computed by:Drainage basin No.: Area acres Checked by:

St'draingageNo.

Weightfactor

Pet.

Totalsarea inches

Date of storms

S .R .G •In.

S .R *G •X

FactorIn.

S * H • Cr •In.

»b .R. G.X

FactorIn.

S.R.G.In.

O .XL »G .2

FactorIn.

. 111i .!

s *R»GT*In.

S.R.G.X

FactorIn.

S«H»Q»In.

S «R. G.X

FactorIn.

|

Q «H • Gr»In,

S.R.G.X

FactorIn.

. .

— f •

S »R •Gr»In.

S.R.G.X

FactorIn.

|

Period: to Sheet of 'sheets

RI-AFForests on StreamflowPrecipitation


RECORD OF WEIGHTED MEAN PRECIPITATIONON AIT INDIVIDUAL DRAINAGE BASIN

Form 2

Experimental areas: CoweetaDrainage basin No. 7 Area 145.5

St'draingageNo. .

Weightfactor

Pet.

12 1?

18

20

21

25

19

11

49

2

Totalsarea inches

acresComputed by: H.K.S.Checked by: A.C.

Date of stormsSept. 3

S »R »Gr»In.

1.10

1.21

L1.26

1.21

1.11

o .R *G.X

FactorIn.

Sept. 12-15

S.R.G.

S.R.G.TT

FactorIn . In .

0.21

0.23

0.12 0.02

0.12 0.02

|0.14 0.25

1

0.59

0.02

I 0.16

0.34

i!j

1.19

••••

0.03

0.08

0.01

Sept. 20

o •z\ »G •In.

1.80

S.R.G.X

FactorIn.

0.34

2.00 0.38- 1

1.88

1.85__

1.40'

|

i

0.21

0.91

0.03

Sept. 24

S.R.G.

o.R »G.X

FactorIn. In.

0.49

0.57

0.61

0.60

0.56

i

|_ j- — _ __

0.16 | 1.87

0.09

0.11

0.07

0.29

0.01

1

Sept. 29

S »R • Cr*la.

o .R .G .X

FactorIn.

10.35

0.37

D..44

0.44

0.41

1

0.57

0.07

0.07

Sept. 29-30

S.R.G.In.

5.94

6.08

0.05 5.94

0.22

0.01

0.42

5.90

5.30

S.R.G.X

Factor

Oct. 5-8

S .R.G.In. In.

i1.13 0.88

1.16

...0.65

2.89

0.11

0.73

0.83

0.92

1.15

1

O .Jri . vjr .X

FactorIn.

0.17

0.14

0.09

0.45

0.02

;i

, i

5.94 0.87

Period: September 3 "to October 8, Sheet 1 of 1 sheets

RECORDING RAIN GAGE RECORDForm 3

Purpose

On this form is shown a continuous record of rainfall for

individual storms as recorded by a single recording rain gage, and

also as corrected for the rainfall collected in a standard rain gage

which in each case is installed beside the recording gage. The pur-

pose of this form is to tabulate data for an accurate reproduction

of recorded precipitation and to compile precipitation intensity data.

Procedure

A storm is considered as a period of precipitation separated

by at least 6 hours from any other period in which precipitation

occurs. The times of beginning and ending of the precipitation are

indicated on the recorded chart by the symbols, P.B., and P.E.,

respectively (plate 2).

Two sheets are used. The first sheet (form 3) has a heading

for a description of the precipitation station and is used only as

the first sheet of a six-month period. For all storms thereafter in

that period the second sheet (form 3&) which has very little heading

is used.

Column 1. Date of rainfall.

Column 2. Time of change in rainfall intensity. The time

is read from the recorder chart at the points

where significant changes in rainfall rates occur.

Such points are called natural breaks.

-10-

Column 3« Tirnc interval in minutes between natural breaks

in rainfall intensity. Intervals arc always

read to the smallest time interval that can be

determined with a reasonable degree of accuracy

from the individual recorder chart. • .

Column 4. Accumulated rainfall in inches at the end of

each time interval. The amount is read from

the rainfall chart and is corrected before

recording for instrumental errors, such as pen

reversal, base line errors, etc.

Column 5. The accumulated recorded rainfall is corrected

to the standard rain gage catch as measured in

the gage placed beside the recording gage. The

correction factor, as noted on the bottom of the

form, is the standard rain gage reading divided

by the total recorded rainfall. Figures in

column 4 multiplied by this factor arc the

corrected values shown in column 5.

Column 6. The corrected rainfall increment in inches for

the time interval. In this column are recorded

differences between successive values in column 5.

Column 7. If desired the increment for regular intervals,

such as 5> 10, 15, etc, minutes, may be computed

from columns 3 f d 5. This column is not filled

in unless requested for some specific purpose.

-11-

To use column 7 it is netiessary to show in

column 2 additional tines corresponding to

the regular interval.

Column 8. Rainfall rate in inches per hour for the tine

interval. Col. 6 x 60 min. = coluran 8.Uol. 3

Column 9. Rainfall rate in inches per hour for the regular

tine interval. Col 7x^60 nin. = coluan 9.regular interval

Column 10. Notes of beginning and ending of rainfall

(P.B. and P.E.) recorded opposite times shown

in column 2. This column is also used for

pertinent comments noticed during computations.

Bottom of The figures used in determining the correctionform.

factor are recorded on the proper lines and the

standard rain gage number is inserted in the

space provided.

The rainfall class defines pertinent character-

istics required for analysis of data. It is an

expression of four terms v."hcre each term is a

class number. The terms are given in the

following order:

First: Total rainfall.

Second: Maximum $~minute intensity.

Third: Maximum 20-minute intensity.

Fourth: Duration to the nearest hour.

-12-

The first three terms employed are based on the

arbitrary class numbers listed below; the fourth

term needs no explanation.

Key to class numbers

First term

GlassNo.

012

345

Total rainfallInches

0 - .49.50 - .99

1.00 - 1.992.00 - 3.994.00 - 7-998.00 - Up

Second and third terms

ClassNo.

012

345

Rate per hourInches

0 - .49.50 - .99

1.00 - 1.992.00 - 3.994.00 - 7-998.00 - Up

Maximum rainfall depths and intensities in inches

per hour are recorded for selected rainfall dura--

tions in minutes. These rates^ are obtained from

the original charts by considering each interval

as.a continuous time unit. With a little ex-

perience the maximum depths for the various time

intervals can be readily taken from the chart

vdth a pair of dividers.

-13-

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-H-

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA

MASS RAINFALL CURVE

STORM: SEPT. 29-30. 1936

RECORDING FLOAT RAINFALL GAGE

DRAINAGE NO. 7COWEETA EXPERIMENTAL FOREST



RECORDING RAIN GAGE RECORD

Form 3File No.

Rain gage No. Type1 inch on chart =1 inch on chart =

_" of precipitation (Station designation)-min. or hr. Lat. : ° • t it. Long".: ° ' "

(Cross out one) Sec. : , Tp. , RangeTime standard: EST CST MST PST Dates: 19

(Cross out others) Station description is — is not —Elevation: (M.S.L.) available upon request. (Cross out one)

Date

1

Time

2Hrrmin.

Correction f actt

MJ

Timeinter-val3

Min.

Accumulateddepth

Re-corded

kIn.

•

Cor-rected

5In.

Depth forEachtimeinterv.

6In.

-jr _ S.R.G. No.Recorded depth

UCBIUM DEPTH AKD INTENSITY F01Duration min. 2Depth in,Intensity in./hr.

5

Regulartimeinterv.

7In.

Intensity forEachtimeinterv.8

In._/hr.

Regulartimeinterv.

9In./hr.

i

Rainfall clas

\ SELECTED-TIME INTERVAL10 15 20 30

Tabulated by: Date Checked b?Computed by: Date Cleaked b;

Remarks

10

;

;l

s: '-'

s -•60 120 2 0 6 hr. 12 hr.

/•: DateT: Date ;:

Sheet of sheets

•0.5-

• J

RI-APForests on StrcamflowPrecipitation



Form 3aFile No.

Rain gat

Date

1

?c No.

Time

2Hr:min.

Station designation:

Timeinter-val3

Min.

Correction factoi

MAXDuration min.Depth in.Intensity in./hr,

Tabulated by:Computed by:

Accumulateddepth

Re-corded

AIn.

Cor-rected

5In.

DepthEachtimeinturv.

6In.

forRegulartimeinterv.

7In.

Intensity forEachtimeinterv.

8In./hr.

. _ S.R.G. No. _Recorded depth

:iMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR2 5 10 15

DateDate

20

CheChe

Regulartineinterv.

9In./hr.

Rainfall clas

SELECTED-TIME INTERVAL30

eked beked b

60

7'7'

120 2 0

Remarks

lO-

st

3 -6 hr. 12 hr.

DateDate

Sheet of sheets

-16-




Form 3 aFile No.

Rain gage No. l

Date

1

Sept. 291936

Sept. 30

Time

2Hr:min.5:10p

5:155:255:406:JO6:508:208:509:009:059:209:30

9:459:509:5510:0010:4011:1011:2011:4011:50

11:5512:0012:30a1:002:002:20

2:453:253:403:50

Correction fact

M

Timeinter-val

3Min.

510

155020903010

51510

1555540

30102010

5530306020

25401510

Station

Accumulateddepth

Re-corded

4In.0.00

0.070.270.310.320,360.690.760.921.071.491.721.872.052.272.352.632.933-203.503.874.124.404-574.664-80

4.905-22

5-475.68

5-71

Cor-rected

5In.0.000,070.260.30

0.310.350.68

0.740.901.05l.ij:6

1.691.832.012.222.302.582.873-143-433-794.044-314-484-574-704.805-125-365-57

DepthEachtimeinturv.

6In.

0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

07

19040104

33061615

4123

0.140.0.

1.821

0.080.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

28

29272936252717

0.090.130.100.0.0.

322421

5-60 0.03

or ' S.R.G. No. 21

designation:


7In.

- 5-90 ._Recorded depth 6.02

AXIMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FORDuration min. 2Depth in.Intensity in./hr.

50.283.36

100.523-12

150.712.84

200.872.61

Cowfifitn.

Intensity forEachtimeinterv.

8In./hr.

0.841.140.160.010.120.220.120.961.80

1.641.3$0.562.162.520.960.420.581.620.872.163.003.240.340.180.130.30

0.770.360.840.18

Regulartimeinterv.

9In./hr.

.980 Rainfall clas

SELECTED TEE INTERVAL301.032.06

Tabulated by: H.K.S. -Date June 1938 Checked b?Computed by: I.W. Date June 1939 Cheeked bj

Remarks

10

P.B. 5:10 p.

,

•

s : 4-3-3-13

S60 120 240 6 hr. 12 hr.1.52 1.99 3-72 4.38 5-841.52 1.00 0.93 0.73 0.49

r- K.A.M. Date June 1938r: A.C. Date June 1939

Sheet 1 of 2 sheets

-17-

RI-AFForests on StreaniflowPrecipitation



Form 3aFile No.

Rain ga^

Date

1

Sept. 301936

*e No.

Time

2Hr:min.4:10a4:204:306:00

Total

1'

Timeinter-val3

Min.20101090

12:50

Correction factoi

MAXDuration min.Depth in.Intensity in./hr.

Tabulated by:Computed by:


Accumulateddepth

Re-corded

4.In.5.725.895.946.02

Cor-rected

5In.5.615.77

. 5.825-90

Depth forEachtimeintBrv.

6In.O.Oi0.160.050.08

5.90

Regulartimeinterv.

7In,

IntensityEachtimeinterv.

8In./hr.

0,050.960.300.05

, .. S.R.G. No.Recorded depth

:iMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR SELECT12 5 10

DateDate

15 20 30

ClCllecked b]lecked b]

Coweeta


9In./hr.

Rainfall cla

Remarks

10

P.E. 6:00 a.

,

ss:

]D"TB!E INTERVALS60

r'.fl

120 240 6 hr« 12 hr.

DateDate

Sheet 2 of 2 sheets

PRECIPITATION INTENSITY RECORD(Case 1 - Drainage basins with one recording precipitation gage)

Form 4

Purpose

This form is used to record weighted precipitation intensities

for an individual drainage basin having only one recording precipi-

tation gage. Intensities are recorded by individual storms which are

defined under "Procedure" on page 10.

Procedure

Columns 1, These columns are copied directly from the

2, 3, & 4.corresponding columns of form 3 or 3a for

the same storm.

Column 5. To obtain column 5 the figures of column 4

are each multiplied by the factor which

corrects the recorded rainfall to the

weighted mean rainfall for the drainage

basin. The correction factor is obtained,

as shown on the bottom of the form, by

dividing the weighted mean rainfall by the

total recorded rainfall. The weighted mean

rainfall (W.H.R.) is copied from form 2 and

the recording rain gage (R.R.G..) rainfall is

the total accumulated rainfall at the end of

the storm, column 4.

Column 6. The increments of rainfall, or the differences

between successive accumulated amounts, as

shown in column 5> are recorded in column 6.

-19-

Column 7. The increments of column 6 are converted into

rainfall rates in inches per hour for the time

interval. Col 6 x 60 min., _ column 7.Col. 3

Column 8. Show in column 8 the time vfoeri precipitation

begins and ends (P.B. and P.E.) and in addition

any notes or remarks pertinent to the entire

record.

Bottom of Actual values used in computing the correction

form.factor are inserted in the proper space accord-

ing to the method explained under "column 5"«

The rainfall class is not copied from form 3?

but is recalculated as described under "form 3"«

Maximum depths and intensitj.es for selected

time intervals are computed as explained under

"form 3".

•-20-



PRECIPITATION INTENSITY RECORD(Case 1)

Form

Rain gage1 inch on

Mo. Typechart - " of

1 inch on chart = min

Dates:

£>precipitation Di. or hr. Ai

(Cross out

Time standard: EST GST MST PST(Cross out others)

Elevation: (M.S.L.)

Date

1

Time

2Hr:min.

iperimental area:'ainage basin No.-ea: acres

one) Lat. : __°__lt _": Long;: ° ' "19 Sec. : , Tp. . , Range

Station description is — is not —available upon request. (Cross out one)

Timeinter-val3

Min.

Accumulated depthRe-

corded

kIn.

Correction factor - W-J--'^' -R.R« G.

MAXIMUM DEPTH AND INTENDuration min. 2 5Depth in.Intensity in./hr.

Tabulated

10

by: DateComputed by: Date

Cor-rected

5In.

Incre-ment6In.

Rateperhour7

In. /hr.i

Rainfc

SITY FOR SELECTED- TIME INr

15 20

CheChe

Remarks

8

*

I

VH r/Liss!

CERVALS "30 60 120 240 6 hr. 12 hr.

eked by:eked by:

DateDate

Sheet _^ of _____ sheets

—21—



PRECIPITATION INTENSITY RECORD(Case l)

Form

Experimental area:Recording1 rain gage No

Date

1

Time

2Hr:mih.

Correction factor :

KAXEDuration ruin.Depth in.Intensity in. /hr.

TabulatedComputed 1

by:

iy-

Timeinter-val3

Min.

AccumulatedRe-

corded4In.

* Drainage basArea:

depthCor-rected

5In.'

Incre-ment6In.

W.M.R.R.R.G.

MM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR SELECT2 5 10 15

DateDate

20 30

•in No.acres

Rateperhour

7In /hr.

I

ED--TI?60

Checked by:Cheeked by:

lainfs

S BT1

Remarks

8

ill class:

'ERVALS120 240 '6 hr. 12 hr.

DateDate

Sheet of sheets

-22-




Form

Experimental area:Recording rain gag

Date

1

Sept. 291936

Sept. 30

Time

2Hr:min.5:10p

5:155:255:406:306:508:208; 509:009:059i209:30

9:459:509:55

, 10:0010:4011:1011:2011:4011:5011:5512:0012:30a1:002:002:20

2:453:253:40

Correction factoi

MA)Duration rain.Depth in.Intensity in./hr

TabulatedComputed t

by:

>y:

Coweeta3 NO. 1

Timeinter-val

3Min.

510

155020

.. 903010

...... 5...1510 .

15 .5554030102010

5530306020

254015


corded4In.0.000.07Oi270.310.320.360.690.760.921.071-491.721.872.052,272.552.632.933.203-503.874-12

. 4-404-574-664 804.905^225.475.68

Cor-rected

5In.0.000.070.270.310.320.350.680.750.911.061.471.701.842.022.242.322.592.893.163.453.824.064.344.514-594^734.835-155-395.60

Drainage ba£Area: 14*

Incre-ment6In.

0.070.200.040.010.030.330.070.160.150.410.230.140.180.22

L 0.080.270.30

0:270.290.370.240.280.170.08

0.140.100.320.240.21

, _ W.M.R. _ 5-94 _ ngyR.R.G. 6.02

[IMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR2 5 10

0.28 0.523.36 3.12

15 200.71 0.882.84 2.63

SELECT301.042,09

•in No. 7>.5 acres

Rateperhour

7In./hr.

0.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.1.1.

84201601

09221496806438-

0.562.2.0.

16

64;96

0.410.1.6062

0.872.222.88

3- 360.340.0.16

14.0.300.770:360.84

Rainfc

ED TIME INT60

1.531-53

H.K.S. Date June 1938 Checked by:H.K.S. Date June 1938 Cheeked by:

Remarks

8

P.B. 5:10 p.

ill class: 4-3-3-13

ffiRVALS120 240 6 hr. 12 hr.2.00 3-75 4.41 5.881.00 0.94 0.74 0,49

K.A.M, Date June 1938K.A.M. Date June 1938Sheet _1_ of 2 sheets

-23-




Form 4a

Experimental area: C owe etaRecording rain gage No

'Date

1

Sept-r 301936

Correctior

Time '

2Hr:min.3?50a4:104:20•4:306:00

Total

1

Timeinter-val

3Min.1020101090

12:50

Drainage basin No. 7Area: 145* 5 acres


corded

4In.5.715.725-895.946.02

LR,"""' * R.R.G.

MAXIMUM DEPTHDuration min. 2Depth in.Intensity in./hr.

TabulatedComputed I

by:

>y:

5

Cor-rected

5In.5.635.645.815.865.94

Incre-ment6In.

0.030.010.170.050.08

5-94

Rateperhour

7In. /hr.0.180.031.020.300.05

f

Remarks

8

P.E. 6:00 a.

= Rainfall class:

AND INTENSITY FOR SELECTED' TIME INTERVALS -10

Date?Date

15 20 30 60 120 240 6 hr. 12 hr.

Checked by:Cheeked by:

DateDate

Sheet _ 2m of 2 sheets

V J

-24-

WEIGHTED PRECIPITATION INTENSITY RECORD(Case 2 - Drainage basins with more than one recording

precipitation gage)Form 5

Purpose

This form is used for the computation of weighted mean precip-

itation intensity for individual drainage basins having more than one

recording rain gage either within or near the boundary. Form 5 is

executed for individual storms as defined under "Procedure" on page 10.

Procedure

There are from 5 to 8 recording precipitation gages on each ex-

perimental area so the service areas and weight factors for each

recording gage must be determined. The procedure is identical with

that described under "Procedure" for standard rain gages (form 2) on

page 6. An example of the method for determining recording precip-

itation gage service areas is presented as plate 3« In this example

the portions of service areas for gages 2, k, and 6 falling within

drainage basin No. 8 are too small to make a significant difference

in the rainfall rates for area 8.1 In such cases the weighted factors

for the significant gages are increased proportionately to include

these small areas. The method of combining intensities of the several

recording gages for a given time interval consists of: 1, correcting

the recorded values to the standard rain gage reading, 2. weighing

this corrected value according to the proportional or service areas

covered by each gage, and 3. correcting the sum of the weighted

values for each interval to the weighted mean precipitation for the

drainage as determined on jTonn 2,

The recorded values in columns 3, 5, 1, and 9 may be used in

computing weighted precipitation intensities for other drainage basins.

Form 5 is used for the first sheet and form 5a for all additional

sheets required to record an individual storm.

Heading

The drainage basin and experimental area are inserted in the

spaces provided. The standard and recording rain gage numbers are

inserted for each determination of a recording gage correction factor.

In determining the correction factor, the reading for the standard rain

gage installed beside the recording gage is set down as the numerator

of a fraction, the denominator of which is the total recorded rainfall.

This fraction should be identical with that shown on form 3 for the

same storm. The quotient, multiplied by the weight factor of the

recording gage, which is also inserted, is the weighted correction

factor to be applied to recorded values shown below. The correction

factor shown at the right is the weighted mean precipitation for the

drainage basin as obtained from form 2 (bottom of page) divided by

the accumulated total precipitation at the end of the storm, as shown

in column 11. This correction factor is used to obtain the weighted

precipitation for the drainage basin shown in column 12.

Column 1. The date of the rainfall is inserted in column 1.

Column 2. The time in hours and minutes is recorded in

column 2. Since two or more gages are combined,

it is necessary to show the same time intervals

for each gage. The interval to be used for any

drainage area is the smallest time interval -that

-26-

Column 12. The values of column 11 are corrected to the

weighted mean precipitation for the drainage

basin (obtained from form 2) and tabulated in

column 12. The correction factor is shovm at

the top of form 5. Column 11 x correction

factor = column 12.

Column 13. The differences between successive values in

column 12 are recorded in column 13. This

rainfall is the increment which occurred during

the regular time interval.

Column 14. The values in column 13 are converted into inches

per hour and recorded in column 14..

Rainfall in inches (col, 13) x 60 minutes _interval in minutes

intensity in inches per hour (column 14)•

Column 15. Column 15 is used to record notes and remarks

opposite the times shown in column 2. Such

observations as the beginning of precipitation

(P.B.) and end of precipitation (P,E.) at each

gage, along with any remarks pertinent to the

entire record, are recorded in column 15.

Bottom of The bottom of form is executed accordingform.

to the instructions given under "form 4". The

storm duration is the total elapsed time from

the beginning time of rainfall at the first

gage to register rainfall to the time rainfall

ends at the last gage.

-28-

o

o

42%

LEGEND

RECORDING RAIN GAGE

STANDARD RAIN GAGE

DRAINAGE AREA

N

hhs. STATION NO. 8

AREA = 1876.70 ACRES

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

RECORDING RAIN GAGE

SERVICE AREAS

DRAINAGE BASIN NO. 8

COWEETA EXPERIMENTAL FOREST

SCALE' I" • 20 CH. « 1320 FT.CONTOUR INTERVAL « 50O FT.

PLATE 3RRG 4



WEIGHTED PRECIPITATION INTENSITY RECORD

Form 5File No.

iDrainage basin No.

S.R.G. No.R.R.G. No.

S.R.G. No.R.R.G. No.

Date

- 1

Time

2Hrrmin.

j

.;ii

,j

i

X

X

Gage No.Ace . depthRec.

3In.

Corr.4In.

Expe riment al area :

S.R.G.- No.R.R.G. No. A

S.R.G. No.

W.M.P. =Col. 11 -

R.R.G. No. X

Gage No. Gage No.Ace. depth i Ace. depthRec. | Corr.

5In.

! 1

6In.

Rec .

u 7In.

Corr.8In.

Gage No.Ace. depthRec.

9 .*~~ In.

Corr.10In.

Sum

11In.

Weighted rainfallAce. Incre.12In.

MAXIMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR SELECTED TIME INTERVALS STORM DURATIONDuration rain.Depth in.Intensity in./hr

5 10 i 15 20 | 30 | 60 ; 120 j

i1 j j hrs . : min .

1 1 i !

13In.

'

Rate14

In./hr.

Tabulated byChocked byComputed byChecked by

Remarks i

15

1 i

ij

. ., , ,!

DateDateDateDate

Sheet of sheets




Form 5aFile No.

Date

1

tj

J .

Time

2Hr:min.


5In.

Corr.4In.


5In.

Corr.6In.

-•;

i

I


7In.

Corr.8In.

.

- -


9In.

Corr.10In.

Sum

11In.

-——-————- ........

Tabulated by: Date Checked by:jComputedj

by: Date Checked by:

Weighted rainfallAce. Incre.12In.

13In.

Rate14

In./hr.

Remarks

15

i

DateDateSheet of sheets

- -•- ' :-."v; VrV'-"'r'n ' . . L I ,


U. S, Department of AgricultureForest Service


Form 5File No,

Drainage basin No. 8

S.R.G. No. 21R.R.G. N<

S.R.G. N(

5.90D. 1 6.02

3. 6 6. 70R.R.G. No. 3 6.74

Date

1

Sept. 291936

Time

2Hr:min.

2:00a2:303:003:304:004:305:005:306:006:307:007:308:008:309:009:30

x 0.37

x 0.23

Gage Ho. 1Ace . depthRec.

3In.

10:00

16

16

Gage No. 3Ace. depth

Corr. Rec. { Corr.4 5 1 ' 6

In. In. In.1

0.03 0.006j 0.20j 0.24i 0.34

0.34o.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.35

0.0460.055

Experimental area: Coweeta

S.R.G. No. 2 5.94 ^ r, / r

R.R.G. No. 5 5.87 "

S.R.G. No. 7

R.R.G. No.

Gage No. 5Ace . depthRee.

L 7In.

0.0780.0780.0800.0800.0800.0800.0800.0800.080

Corr.8

In.

jIi

0.0800.35 0.0800.35 j

! 0.370.080

ii

0.085 i 110:30 | 0.37 0.085

Gage No.Ace. depth j SumRec.

9In.

Corr.10 11In. In.

i

0.010.050.060.080.080.080.08

i 0.080.080.080.080.08

- • ,j 0.08

0.080.08

! 0.08i ! ! 0.08

> ti1048 W.M.P. - 5.80Col. 11 = 6.10 'n

Weighted rainfall RemarksAce.

12In.O.OO0.010.050.060.08

^0.08"0.08

Incre .13In.

Rate !14 15

In./hr.,0.00 i P.B. Gage No. 30.010.04

0.02 at 2:00 a.0.08 i

0.01 0.020.02 i 0.040.00 0.000.00 0.00

0.08 0.000.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08

MAXIMUM DEPTH AND INTENSITY FOR SELECTED TIME INTERVALS STORM DURATIONDuration min.Depth in.Intensity in./hr

5

»

10 15 20

.

300.621.24

60 i 1201.17 1 1.481.17 .74

34 hrs.:00min.

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

0.00 5:00 a. - 9:30 a.0.00 no rain0.000.000.000.00 ;0.00 j0.000.00

0.00 0.000.00 0.00

Tabulated by I. w. Date June 1539Checked by DateComputed by I. ¥7. Date Jxme X939Checked by ' A. C. Date Jii^v 1939

Sheet 1 of 3 sheets




Form 5aFile No.

Bate

1Sept. 29cont'd

Time

2Hr:min.ll:00a11:3012:0012:30p1:001:302:002:303:003:304:004:305:005:306:006:307:007:308:008:309:009:30

10:0010:3011:0011:3012:00

Gage No . 1Jlcc. depthRec.

3In.

0.270.330.340.400.500.600.700.921.742.352*572.863.324.40

Corr.4

In.

0.0980.1200.1230.1450.1810.2180.2540.3340.6310.852Q_932-1.0371.2041.595

Gage No. 3Ace. depthRec.

5In.

0.380*390.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.650.900.900.971.081.191.301.382.042.523.003-273.554.054.54

Corr.6

In.0.0870.0890.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.0910.1490.2060.2060.2220.2470.2720.2970.3150.4660.5760.686CU-7480.8120.9261.038


7In.

0.230.470.480.490.590.690.800.881.151.592.092.592.973.344.274.43

Corr.8

In.

0.0930.1900.1940.1980.2390.2790.3240.3560.4660.6440.8461.0481.2021.3521.7281.793


9In.

Corr.10In.

Tabulated by: Date Checked by:Computed by: Date Checked by:

Sum

11In.

0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.180.340.500.520.580.670.780.871.041.442.052.592.883.203,864,43

Weighted rainfallAce.

12In.

0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.170.320.480.490.550.640.740.830.991.371.952.462.743.043.674.21

Incre.

13In

OiOi0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.080.150.160.010.060.090.100.090.160.380.580.510.280.300.630.54

Rate14

In./hr.0.020,000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.160.300.320.020.120.180,200,180.320.761.161.020.560.601.241.08

Remarks

15

12:00 m. - 4:00 p.

no rain.

P.B. Gage No. 5 at4:10 p.P.B. Gage No. 1 at5:10 p.

-

DateDate

Sheet 2 of 3 sheets




Form 5aFile No.

Date

1

Sept. 301936

Time

2

Gage No. 1Ace . depthRec.

3Hr:min. In.12:30a f 4.571:001:302:002:303:003:304:004:305:005:306:006:307:007:308:008:309:009:30

10:0010:3011:0011:3012:00

4.664.714.795.015.315.515.715.945.976.006.02

.

Corr.4

In.1,6571.6901.7081.7371.8171.9251.9982.0702.1542.1652.17&2.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1832.1§>


I 5In.

5.095.165.215.275.485.846.186.476.526.576.606.646.646.646.656.656.676.696.706.726.726.736.736-. 74

Corr.6

h In. ~11.1641.180

L 1.1911.2051.2531.3351.4131.4791.4911.5021.5091.5181.5181.5181.5201.5201.5251.5291.5321.5361.5361.5391.5391.541


7In.

4.494.544.714.935.195.595.635.705.755.795.815.825.825.825.835.835.855.865.8?

Corr.8

In.1.8181.8381.9071.9962.1012.2632.2792.3072.3282.3442.3522.3562.3562.3562.3602.3602.3682.3722.3762.3762.3762.3762.3762.376

Gage No.Ace. depthRec .

9In.

Corr.10In.

Tabulated by: Date Checked by:Computed by: Date Checked by:

Sum

11In.

4.644.714.814.945.175.525.695.865.976.016.046.066.066.066.066.066.086.086.096.106.106.106.106.10

Weighted rainfallAce .

12In.

4.414.484.574.704.925.255.415.575.685.725.745.765.765.765.765.765.785.785.795.805.805.805.805*80

Incre.13In.

0.200.070.090.130.22

L 0.330.160.160.110.040.020.020.00

L 0.000.000.000.020.000.010.010.000.000.000.00

Rate14

In./hr.0.400.140.180.260.440.660.320.320.220.080.040.040.000.000.000.000.040.000.020.020.000.020.000.00

Remarks

15

I

I

P.E. Gage No. 1 at6:00 a.

.P.E. Gage. No. 5 at9:30 a.

P.E. Gage No. 3 at12:00 m.

DateDate

Sheet 3 of 3 • sheets

RECORD OF RUNOFFForm 6

Purpose

This form is used in computing a continuous runoff record for

an individual drainage basin. Data are broken down into time inter-

vals of such lengths that the records may be used in the analysis of

storms, water yield.,, baseflow accretion and depletion, infiltration,

and storage or detention.

Procedure

To determine the total runoff by storms as well as by days, it

is necessary to fix the end. of a storm. This is accomplished as follows:

a. Determine a depletion curve for the six-month period

(dormant or growing, as described on page l) for each

drainage basin. This curve is derived from -all original

2/stream gage charts for the six- aonth period. It represents

the relation between head (or gage height) and time, both

to the same scale as the original charts, and is a composite

baseflow depletion curve uninfluenced by any phase of

stormflow.

b. The stage-time depletion curve is then fitted to the-

lower end of the recession side of the stage hydrograph

for the storm in question.

c. The time at which the depletion curve departs from the

storm hydrograph is considered the end of the storm.

The method is illustrated on plate 5«

2/ If it is necessary to obtain the end point of storms before aparticular six-month record is available, it may be done by using anaverage depletion curve obtained from past records for the dormantor growing periods.

-35-

Form 6 is designed to permit accurate reproduction of the stream

hydrograph. To keep the runoff error small, the time interval is limited

by two factors: 1. the curvature of the stage hydrograph, and 2, the

curvature of the stage-discharge relation. Both factors produce a cumu-

lative error, the net result of which is usually over-estimated discharge.

The error due to curvature of the stage hydrograph is eliminated by break-

ing the hydrograph into segments which do not have appreciable curvature

while the error due to curvature of the stage-discharge relation is

reduced by breaking the hydrograph into short intervals. An allowable

error of one percent has been designated for runoff computations and to

obtain this degree of accuracy, charts similar to plate 4 have been

prepared. Referring to plate 4 for a 90 degree V-notch weir, the mean

of the discharge at the beginning and at the ending of the interval

is the mean discharge for the interval within one percent error if the

curve of the interval (for 10, 20, etc. minutes) lies above the given

combination of slope and mean head.

Plate 5 illustrates some of the features explained below in

connection with the execution of form 6.

Top of Form 6 (with the complete heading) is used as theform.

first page of a set of records covering each six-

month period and the second form (6a) is used

therec?,fter. All the information called for is

inserted in the proper space.

Column 1. The date that runoff occurred is inserted here.

Column 2, The time of day at which the hydrograph is broken

is recorded in. hours and minutes to the nearest

number of minutes that can be accurately read from

the given chart (e.g. 2, 10, or 15 etc. minutes).

-36-

A break in the hydrograph is always made at

midnight,, at all peaks> at all troughs, and at

definite changes in the slope of the hydrograph.

In listing the times, a line is left blank preced-

ing the time of the beginning of stormflow, likewise

after midnight and after the end of stormflow.

Column 3- The time intervals in minutes between successive

breaks (or between the times of col. 2) of the

hydrograph are tabulated.

Column 4« Gage heights at the breaks of the hydrograph (or

at the times shown in col. 2) are read from the

hydrograph and recorded in column 4«

Column 5« Discharge rates in cubic feet per second for the

gage heights of column 4 are obtained, from the

stage-discharge table for the measuring device /

employed, and are inserted in column 5«

Column 6. In column 6 are recorded the average discharge

rates in c.f.s. for the time intervals of column 3-

These values are obtained by averaging the successive

discharge rates of column 5«

Column ?• The discharge rates of column 6 are converted into

inches per hour and tabulated in column ?• These

values are obtained by multiplying each of the

column 6 figures by the conversion factor shown

in the heading of form 6. The conversion factor =

3600 x 12433560 x drainage area in acres

2/ For the 90 degree V-notch weir used in the following example seeH. W. King, Handbook of Hydraulics, table 48, pp. 141-14-4.

-37-

Column 8, Column 8 is usod to record the runoff from the

drainage basin in cubic feet for the tine intervals

of column 3. Column 8 = column 3 x column 6 x 60 sec. ,

Column 9» The runoff from the drainage basin in inches for the

tine intervals of column 3 are listed in column 9.

Column 9 - column 7 x co P 3 or60

Column 8 x 12drainage area in acres x 43,560

Column 10. Column 10 shows the accumulated runoff from the

drainage basin in cubic feet. It is obtained by

adding the values in column 8 and recording the sum

opposite the last figure added. Thus, any value in

column 10 represents the total runoff from the

starting point to the time shown in column 2. In

order to show total runoff by storms as well as

by days, starting points for accumulated runoff are

always taken at the beginning and ending of storm

runoff. They are also taken at each midnight when

there is no stormflow. Accumulated runoff during

a storm is carried beyond midnight to the end of

stormflow in which case the daily total runoff is

recorded on the blank line -which follows each mid-

night. Total stom runoff is similarly recorded.

Column 11. The values in column 10 are converted .into inches

and recorded in column 11.

Column 11 = Column 10 x 12drainage area in acres x 43,560

Column 12. Column 12 is used for shovdng the nean daily

discharge in cubic feet per second per square

A/mile (c.s.m.) ^

P~I I IT™ T O - Column 10 (daily total) x 640OOJ.UUU1 _L<£ — — . rt./ i r\r\drainage area in acres x 86,400

The maxima peak discharge rate in c.f.s. is

converted to c.s.iru and also recorded in column 12.

Column 13. The remarks inserted in column 13 must include the

following:

Storm (or surface) runoff begins (S.R.B.)

Peak (P) noted at each point where the hydrograph

changes from a rising to a falling stage.

Maximum Peak (M.P.) the highest peak of the entire

storm.

Trough (T) noted at each point where the hydrograph

changes from a falling to a rising stage.

Storm (or surface) runoff ends (S.R.E.)

Column 13 is also used for recording any observations, remarks,

or notes pertaining to the chart record or to any of the computations

required in executing the form*

y The heading of this column is left blank so that any conversionsor data required by other agencies may be inserted.

-39-

FOR -FROM IJCAN OF |SJWSS *T BEGINNING

: f f.Ai i luikni; n catma :nic- rywr bee

^ RI1MDFF

WATER LEVEL RECORDER EIGHT DAY CHART - VERTICAL SCALE \ • 2.

OCT. 3. - . t I- t

SEPT. 30 \

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA

STAGE HYDROGRAPH

90" V-NOTCH WEIRSEPT. 28 - OCT . 3, 1936

DRAINAGE NO . 7 - 145.5 ACRESCOWEETA EXPERIMENTAL FOREST

FOREST INFLUENCE INVESTIGATIONS

PLATE 5

RI-APForests on StrearaflowRunoff


RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form 6File No.

Station type: Elevation:(Current meter, flume, etc.

Time Standard: SST GST MST PST(Cross out others)

Station description is - is not - avail-able upon request. (Cross out one)

Gage datum elev. of zero flow fj

Conversion factor: 1 c .1

Date

1

|!

Time

2Hr:min.

Timeinter-val

3Min.

r a. s. — ij

Gageheight4Ft.

Gage(Gage datum, MSL) (Name of drainage area)

type:1 inch on chart = ft . (Station designation)1 inch on chart = min. or hr. Lat. : ° « ": Long.: ° » "Disc

fc. di./hr.

harge rates from rating table Sec.: , Tp. , Rangeated: Catchment

Discharge rateFor gageheight5

C.f.s.

Average forinterval6 7

C.f.s. In./hr.

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.9

Inche s

Tabulated by: Date Checked by:Computed by: . Date Checked by:

Accumulated10

Cu. ft.

,

11Inches

area:(Size: Ac. — Sq.. mi.)(Cross out one)

12C . s.m.

»

Remarks

13

\. ..

DateDate

Sheet of sheets

,, .... ., , ._..,,,„., . .,.,..

RI-APForests on StreamflowRunoff

II. S. Department of AgricultureForest Service

RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form . 6aFile No.


Date

1

-

Tiine .

2Hrimin.

Discharge rates from rating table dated:

Timeinter-nal

3Min.

Gageheight4Ft.

Discharge rateFor gageheight

5C.f.s.

Average forint erval6

C.f.s.7

In./hr .

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.9

Inches

Accumulated10

Cu. ft.11

Inches12

C.s.m.

Remarks

13

Tabulated by: Date Checked by: DateComputed by: Date Checked by: Date

Sheet of sheets

.. -. ..

.I- -

RI-APForestsRunoff

on StreamflowU. S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form 6aFile No.

Station designation: Coweeta No. 7 _.

Date

1

Sept. 281936

Sept. 29

Time

2Hr:min.12:002:00p5:009:00

12:00

2:00a

3:00J:404:004:306:006:206:407:30

9:0012:00

2:00p5:30

Discharge rates from rating table dated: Dec. 1, 1934

Timeint er-val

3Min.720120180240

L180

120

6040203090202050

90180120210

Gageheight

4Ft.

0.4000.3900..3860,3980.400

0.402

0..4380.4910.4370.4550.4130.428 ,0.4080.406

0.3830.3700.3680.370


5C.f.s.0.2620.2460.2400.2590.262

0.265

0.3280.4350.3260.3600.2840.3100.2750.272

0.2360.2160.213-0.216

Average f o rinterval6

C.f.s.0.2620.2540.2430.2500.260

0.264

0.2960.382

r O.~3800.3430.3220.2970.292"0.274

0.2540.2260.2140.214

7In./hr.0.00180.00170.00170.00170.0018

0.0018

0.00200.00260.00260.00230.00220.00200.00200.0019

0.00170.00150.00150.0015

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.11,3181,8292,6243,6002,808

1,901

1,066917456

h 6T71,739

356350822

1,3722,4411,5412,696

9Inches0.02140.00350.00500.00680.0053

0.0036

0.00200.00170.00090.00120.00330.00070.00070.0016

0.00260.0046

L 0.00290.0051

Accuraulat ed1Q-

Cu. ft.11,31813,14715,77119,37122,17922,179

1,901

1,0661,933

L_ 2>439 _^^3,056 ^

4,7955,1515,5016,323

•1,3723,8135,3548,050

11Inches

J3.0214.0.02470.02990.03670.04200.0420

0.0036

0.00200.00380.00460.00580.00910.00980.01040.0120

^.00260.00720.01010.0152

12C.s.m.

1.13

1.9140

1.4051

Remarks

13

Sept. 28 total =22,179S.R.B. 2:00 a.

M.P. 3:40 a.

S.R.E. 7=30 a.Total stormflow6,323

S.R.B. 5:30 p.

Tabulated by: H. K, S. Date May 1938 Checked by: K. A. M. Date May 1938Computed by: I. W. .Date May 1939 Checked by: A. C.. Date May 1939

Sheet 1 of 4 sheets

RI-APForestsRunoff

on StreamflowJ. S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form 6aFile No.

Station designation: Coweeta Ho. 7

Date

1

Sept. 291936 .

Sept. 30

Time

2hHr:nin.

5:40p6:006:206:407:007:308:008:308:459:009:109:209:40

10:0010:3011:0011:2011:4012:00

12:10aL 12:30

Discharge rates from rating table dated: Dec. 1, 1934.

Timeinter-val

3Min.10202020203030301515101020203030202020

1020

Gageheight

4Ft.

0.4000.4500.4770.5000.4800.4700.4880.5300.5360.6000.7800.8521.0001.1181.0600.9481.0201.1001.343

1.5341.401


5C.f.s.0.2620.3510.4050.4550.4110.3900.4280.5250.5400.7141.3641.6972.5203.3192.910

L_2.2092.6T63.1895.221

7.2515.796

Average forint erval6

C.f.s.0.2390.3060.3780.4300.4330.4000.4090.4760.5320.6271.0391.5302.1082.9203-1142.5602.4282.9184.205

6.2366.524

7In./hr.0.00160.00210.00260.00290.00300.00270.00280.00320.00360.00430.00710.01040.01440.0.1990.02120.01750.01660.01990.0287

0.04250.0445

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.14336?454516520720736857479564623918

2,5303,5045,6054,6082,9143,5025,046

3,7427,829

9Inches0.00030.00070.00090.00100.00100.00140.00140.00160.00090.00110.00120.00170.00480.00660.01060.0087

ro.6o55l0.00660,0096

0.00710.0148

Accumulated10

Cu. ft.143510964

1,4802,0002,7203,4564,3134,7925,3565,9796,8979,427 •

12,93118,53623,14426,05829,56034,60650,880

38,34846,177

11Inches0.00020.00100.00180.00280.00380.00520.00650.00820.00910.01010.01130.01310.01790.02450.03510.04380.04940.05600.06550.0964

0.07260.0875

12C.s.m.

2.59

31.9044

Remarks

13

P. 10:00 p.

T. 11:00 p.

Total Sept. 29 =50,880M.P. 12:10 a.


Sheet 2 of 4 sheets

RI-APForestsRunoff

on StreamflowU. S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form 6aFile No.

£T

Station designation: Coweeta No. 7

Date

1

Sept. JO1936

Time

2Hr:miri.l:00a2:002:203:003:103:303:504:104:305:006:007:008:009:00

10:0012:00

2:00p5:008:00

12:00

Timeinter-val

3Min.

306020401020202020306060606060

120120180180240


Gageheight

4Ft.

1.2000.9800.9701.1001.1081.0901.1721.1401.1681.1201.0210.9250.8600.8070.7640.7100.6680.6120.5760.548


5C.f.s.3.9532.3972.3373.1893.2473.1183-7303.4833.6983.3342.6532.0791.7361.4841.2961.0810.9300.7490.6450.570

Average forinterval6

C.f.s.4.8743.1752.3672.7633.2183.1823.4243.6063.5903.5162.9942.3661.9081.6101.3901.1881.0060.8400.6970.608

7In./hr.0.03320.02170.01610.01880.02190.02170.02340.02460.02450.02400.02040.01610.01300.01100.00950.00810.00690.00570.00480.0041

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.8,773

11,4302,8406,6311,9313,8184,1094,3274,308.6,329

10,7788,5186,8695.7965,0048,5547,2439,0727,5288,755

9Inches0.01660.02160.00540.01260.00370.00720.00780.00820.00820.01200.02040.01610.01300.01100.00950.01620.01370.01720.01430.0166

Accumulated10

Cu. ft.54,95066,38069,22075,85177,78281,60085,70990,03694,344

100,673in, 451119,969126,838132,634137,638146,192153,435162,507170,035178,790144,184

11Inches0.10410.12570.13110.14370.14730.15460.16230.17050.17870.19070.21110.22720.24020.25120.26070.27690.29060.30780.32200.33860.2731

12C.s.m.

7.34

Remarks

13

T. 2:20 a.

P. 3:50 a.

Total Sept. 30 =144,184


Sheet 3 of 4 sheets

RI-APForestsRunoff

on StreamflowII» S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

RECORD OF RUNOFF

Form 6aFile No.

Station designation: Coweeta No, 7

Date

1

Oct. 11936

Oct. 2

Oct. 3

Time

2Hrcrain.

6:00a12:0012:00

ll:00a3:00p

12:00

10:00a3:00p

12:00

i


Timeinter-val

3Min.360360720

660240540

600300540

Tabulated by:Computed

Gageheight

4Ft.

0.5160.4930.465

0.4500.4390.438

0.4310.4200.422


5C.f .s.0.4920.4390.380

0.3510.3300.328

0.3150.2960.299

Average forinterval6

C.f.s.0.5310.4660.410

0.3660.3400.329

0.3220.3060.298

7In./hr.0.00360.00320.0028

0.00250.00230.0022

0.00220.00210.0020

Runoff from area

For interval8

Cu. ft.11,47010,06617,712

14,4944,896

10,660

11,5925,5089,655

9Inche s0.02170.01910.0335

0.02750.00930.0202

0.02200.01040.0183

Accumulated10

Cu. ft.190,260200,326218,038218,03839,248

14,49419,39030,05030,050

11,59217,10026,75526,755

11Inches0.36040.37940.41300.41300.0743

0.02740.03670.05690.0569

0.02200.03240.05070.0507

12C.s.ia.

5.53942.00

1.53

1.36

Remarks

13

S.R.E. 12:00 mdt.Stormflow=:2l8,038Total Oct.l =39,248

Total Oct. 2 =30,050

Total Oct. 3 =26,755

Date Checked by: Dateby: Date Checked by: Date

Sheet 4 of 4 sheets

DRAINAGE DISCHARGE DATAForms 7 and 7a

Purpose

These forms are used for summarizing discharge data,

Procedure

Form 7 is for the growing season, May 1 to October 31, and

form 7a is for the dormant season, November 1 to April 30. The mean

discharge in c.f.s. per square mile (c.s.m.) is obtained from column 12,

form 6, and tabulated for each day. These data are plotted as a contin-

uous streamflow hydrograph, plate 6, which in turn is used as a guide

in estimating missing records and as a basis for streamflow analysis.

At the bottom of the page the data are summarised by months,

seasons, and years as follows:

Total { >. )t The summation of the daily discharges for the month,

season, and year. This figure has no significance

but is used in the computations which follow.

Mean: Mean daily c.s.m. for the period =

£. Mean daily dischargenumber of days

Area inches: The volume of runoff expressed as inches depth

on the drainage area,

( 5 mean daily discharge) x 86, 00 sec.2,323,200

2,323,200 cubic feet =; one-inch depth on one

square mile.

Inches precipitation: The weighted mean precipitation on the

drainage basin taken from form 2.

Area inchesRunoff as a percent of the precipitation = -inches precipitation

-48-

K\i 'o it\; i- IN ' -^ C O O E X BOOK COMPANY, INC. NORWOOO. MASSACHUSETTS

L-1 « C H «« 05

Mean discharge per day - C.s.ra.

RI-APForestsRunoff

on StreamflowU» S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

DRAINAGE DISCHARGE DATAMean c.s.m. by Days, Months, and

Growing Season

Form 7

Experimental area: . . . . . . Computed by:Drainage basin No. Area:

Date

12

34

5678

9 V. ...':

10 . L. '1112 I

13.'14

15161718

19-202122

2324

2526

2728

293031

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff % of pre.

acres Checked by:

May

, -I,

June

4

;

v

July August September

1

1

October

i:

1

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff f. of pre.

For 6 months ending Oct.. l' For 12 months ending Oct. 31

Period: May 1, to October 31,

RI-APFore sta onRunoff

U. R. Departs'3ut of AgricultureStreamflow Fcrnst Service,

DRAIIIAGE DISCHARGE DATAMean c.s.m. by Days, Months, and

Dormant Season

Form

Expert, ncntel area:Drainage basin No

Date1' '

2

!>4

5 ' .6789

1011121314 '1516171819202122232425262728293031

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff % of pre.

Computed by:, Area: acres Checked by:

November December January February March

1

April

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff fo of pre.

Period: November 1,

For 6 months ending April 30 For 12 months ending April 30

to April 30,

-51-

EI-APForests on StreamflowRunoff



Growing Season

Form 7

Experimental areaDrainage basin No

Date

12345678

910111213141516

171819202122

2324252627282930

.31TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff % of pre.

Coweeta7 Area:

Computed by: H.K.S.145.5 acres Checked by: K.A.M.

May

5.295.145.284.884.684.734.484.334.224.134.814.874.244.073.943.833.723.543.593.453.453.253.143.113.032.963.062.892.802.752.67

120.333.884.482.62

171.0

June

2.612.562.512.852.542.492.442.482.432,702.482.842.472.292.232.132.062.102.072.062.011.992.001.961.871.841.761.73 ,1.691.65

66.842.232.494.02

61.9

July

1.763.041.972'. 201.761.731.671.631.671.641.682.562.031.781.681.641.941.671.581.561.651.511.491.501.471.421.381.361.371.821.81

53.971.742.017.87

25.5

August

1.871.651.501.401.361.311.351.301.271.301.231.191.181.171.161.141.171.091.351.141.101.071.121.451.231.151.111.271.341.151.09

39.211.261.464.30

34,0

September

1.061.061.561.171.081.061.041.021.051.05 ;

1.011.020.980.96 '0.990*950.950.921.031.70 !

1.080.980.951.121.001.001.041.132.597.44

39.991.331.49 '

10.1414.7

October2.031.531,361.271.231.261.341.521.701.831.491.381.341.281.261.631.351.281.241.221.201.211.641.301.2t>1.5-11.251.221.201.171.15

42.481.371.584.67

- 33.8

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff fo of pre..

For 6 months ending Oct. 31 For 12 months ending Oct. 31362.82 1150.34

1.97 3.1413.49 42.7833T6240.1 51.5

Period: May 1, 1936 to October 31, 1936

-52-

RI-APForests on StreamflowRunoff



Dormant Season

Form 7a

Experimental area: CoweetaDrainage basin No. , 7 Area:

Date

1234567 '89

10 :

11121314 '1516171819202122232425262?28293031

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff '/. of pre.

Computed by: H.K.S.145.5 acres Checked by: K.A.M.

November

1.151.141.151.411.231.261.221.221.161.141.141.401.151.121.121.101.121.121.101..0?1,051.061.061.071.061.051.021.031.031.02

33,971.131.261.60

78.8

December

1.111.191.481.181.141.843.191.881.581.481.581.441.381.381.391.411.351,555.033.582,622.252.031.921.831.761.751.922.692.838.59

66.352.142.47

10.6223.3

January

5.699.^7

11,757.556.626.085.535.114.744.454.404.354.244.095.024.524.716.077.536.916.235.745.455,406.345,785,445.615.275,085.64

180.815.836.72

12.2754.8

February

5.445.205.054.924.804.624.934.937.196.415.565.205.145.084.904.854.594.594.435.696.035.605.265*114.904.744.664.64

144.465.165.375.63

95,4

March

4.53 '4.42 '4.404.404.28 '4.164.164.324.074.003.933.82 ,3.803.884.103.943.853.833.693.663.583.473.433.773.82/3.613.533.393.32 .3.27 .3.23

119.663.864.452 f«l

158.4

April

3.233.203.193.564.68 ,4.433.974.674.454.103.913.723.623.603.583.353-223.15 •3.143.H3.303.293.233.695.894.423.973.894.744.34

114.643.824.267.33

58.1

TotalMeanArea inchesIn. precipitationRunoff fo of pre.

For 6 months ending April 30-659,89

3.65

For 12 months ending April1022.71

2.8024.54 28.0340.26 73.88

30

51.5

Period: November 1, 1936 to April 30, 1937

SUMMARY OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF BY STORMSForm 8

Purpose

The purpose of this form is to present an annual summary of

hydrologic data compiled for each drainage basin and arranged by

individual storms. Information so arranged has been exceptionally

useful in selecting storms for individual hydrograph analysis and

also for scientific investigations of runoff characteristics.

Procedure

Form 8 contains a descriptive heading which is completely

filled in from data kept in the drainage basin files. This form

is used as the first sheet of an annual summary; successive sheets

are executed on form 8a which does not contain the detailed heading.

Most of the data for form 8 have been previously recorded and can be

taken from the individual forms. The source of the data is as follows:

HEADING OR DESCRIPTION

Column 1. Date (or dates) of storms

Precipitation

Column 2. Began (time of day tohr. and min.)

Column 3» Duration (hr. and min.)

SOURCE OF DATA

Form 4 or 5> col. 1

Form A (case l) orForm 5 (case 2)

Form l+, col, 2,designated P.B. incol. 8;Form 5, col. 2,designated P.B. incol. 15. (use gagefirst recordingprecipitation)

Form A- or 5, col. 2elapsed time from P.B.to P.E. (first P.B. tolast P.E. on form 5)

-54-

HEADING OR DESCRIPTION SOURCE OF DATA

Column 4, Amount (total weightedprecipitation for thestorm)

Column 5. Maximum 5 nin. intensity

Column 6, Maximum 15 min, intensity

Column 7. Maximum 30 rain- intensity

Column 8. Maximum 60 min. intensity

Runoff

Column 9. Began (time'of day tohr, and min,)

Column 10. Duration (hrs. and min.)

Column 11. Amount (total inches)

Column 12. Maximum rate (maximumpeak for the storm)

Column 13. Time of maximum peak(elapsed time after be-ginning of rainfall)

Column 14. Temperature (°F, averageof max. and min. Ifstorm lasts longer than1-1/2 days average dailytemperatures are averaged)

Column 15. Remarks (any notes,observations, or remarksrelating to precipitationor runoff for the storm)

Form 4, col. 5»designated P.E.in col. 8.Form 5j col. 12,last P.E, designatedin col. 15.

Forms 4 and 5,bottom of page.

Do

Do

Do

Form 6

Form 6, col. 2,designated"S.R.B.in col. 13t

Form 6, col. 2,elapsed time betweenS.R.B, and S.R.E.

Form 6, col* 11,designated S.R.E. incol. 13.

Form 6, col. 5,designated M.P.in col. 13.

Forms 8 and 6, elapsedtime from form 8, col. 2to fora 6, col. 2 (M.P.)

Form "climate, air,temperatures" - averageof cols. 4 and 9.

Forms 4 (or 5) and 6,cols, 8 (or 15) and 13.Supplemented.

-55-

RI-APForests on StreamflowPrecipitation - Runoff


SUMMARY OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF BY STORMSFOR THE YEAR ENDING _^ , 19

Form 8File No,

Characteristics of drainage area:Size: acres or sq.. mi. (Cross out one)Slope: Aver. % Range %Elev., MSL to ft.Soil types:

Cover:(Names and percentages of area)

Percent of area: Cultivated-Meadow- Pasture-Woods-OtherPrecipitation stations:

(Number and type)Period of time covered by record

Date

1

Drainage basin.

Station designation:Lat.: o ' ?Runoff Station

it

:: Long . : o ? «•

Type (Current meter, flume, etc.)Station description is - is not - available upon request.

(Cross out one)Additional data available:Tabulated by: DateChecked by: Date

PrecipitationTime

Began2

Hr:min.

Duration

3Hr:min.

t

Am't.

4In.

Maximum intensity5 min.

5In/hrj

15 min.6

In/hrj

30 min.

'7In/hr.|

60 rain.8

LIn/hr.

RunoffTime

Began

9Hr:min.

Duration10

Hrcmin.

Am't.

11In.

Max.rate12

C.f .s.

.

Time,of max.

13Hr:min.

Tem-pera-ture14Deg.F.

•

0

Remarks

15

* Elapsed time after beginning of rain. ** Average, of maximum and minimum. Sheet of sheets



SUMMARY" OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF BY STORMSFOR THE YFAR ENDING , 19

Form 8aFile No.


Date

1

Tabulated by: Date Checked by: Date

PrecipitationTime

Began2

Hr:min.

Durat ion

3Hr:min.

Am't.

4In.

Ife.xirn.um intensity5 min.5

In/hr.

15 min.6

In/hr.

30 min.

7In/hr.

60 min.8

In/hr.

RunoffTime

Began

9Hr:min.

Duration10

Hrcmin.

Am't;

11In.

Max.rate12

C.f.s.

Time.,,of max.

13Hr:min.

Tem-

Pera*ture14Deg.F.

Remarks

15

" Elapsed time after beginning of rain. ** Average, of maximum and minimum. Sheet of sheets

-3

RI-APForests on StreamflowPrecipitat ion - Runoff


SUMMARY OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF BY STORMSFOR THE YEAR ENDING- April ?0 , 19 J>1

Form 8:File No.

f

Characteristics of drainagSize: 145.5 acres oSlope: Aver. 21 % RanElev... MSL 2370

e area:r ef»-Ht. (Cross out one)ge 32.8 %

to 3510 ft.Soil types: Hayesville, fine sandy loam 100%

Cover:(Names and percentagesof area)

lOOf. forestedPercent of area: Cultivated-Meadow- Pasture- Woods-OtherPrecipitation stations: 1 recording - 5 standard rain gages

(Number and type)Period of time covered by record: July 31 » 1934 - present

Date

11936

May 3May 11-12June 4June 10June 12July 3July 3-4July 12July 13July 17July 30-31Aug. 1Aug. 19Aug. 24Aug. 28-2?

PrecipitationTime

Began2

Br:min.3:00pl:50p2:25p5:50p

12:35P3:55a

2:05p2:50p

12:35P5:10a

12:50a2:55P8:10pl:10p

Duration3

Hr:min.:25

12:351:15

:502:45

:-55

1:102:25

:2025:5520:553:151:15

12:50

Am't.

4In.

0.512.000.870.790.920.511.161.830.500.781.740.880.850.930.65


5In/hr.3*852.834.022.112.841.69No rec6.943.603.381.070.252.363-090.78

15 min.6

In/hr.1.892.102.871.722.551.24

ord4.521.442.630.640.211.742.360.50

30 min.7

In/hr.1.021.751.511.401.690.69

3.030.721.560.400.171.331.580.44

60 min.8

In/hr.0.511.260.861.040.870,51

1.740.360.780.300.120.700.870.34

Drainage basin: CoweetaStation designation:Lat.: 35 o 3 »Runoff Station

718 »: Long. : 83 o 26 ' 24 "

: 90 degree V-notch weirType (Current meter, flume, etc.)

Station description is - ie-jae* - available upon request.(Cross out one)

Additional data available: Climate - well recordsTabulated by: I. W. Date : June 1939Checked by: A. C. Date July 1939

RunoffTime

Began9

Hr:min.3:00pl:50p2:25p5:50p

12:35P4:05a6:00p2:10p2:50p

12:35p5:15a

12:50p3:00p8:15pl:10p

Duration10

Hr:min.4:00

24:305:304:20

11:008:00

24:0010:005:305:30

31:0024:008:006:00

14:40

Am't.

11In.

0.0380.2070.0340.0280.0590.0270.0840.0600.0220.0240.0950.0700.0240.0250.035

Max.rate12

C.f.s.: 1*9853.1321.8802.0182.2781.0330.9171.5250.9861.4840.9480.5381.0851.5580.533

of max.13

Hr:min.:40:50:45:55

2:301:45

1:05:15:40

18:153:402:201:203:20

Tem-

ture14

Deg.F.62.867.270.769.268.570.672.674.274.572.868.859-476.072.274.2

Remarks

15

* Elapsed time after beginning of rain. ** Average, of maximum and minimum. Sheet 1__ of 2 sheets



SUMMARY OF PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF BY STORMSFOR THE YEAR ENDING April 50 , 19 37

Form 8aFile No.

Station designation: Coweeta No. 7

Date

11936

Sept. 3Sept. 20Sept. 24Sept. 29-30Oct. 6-9Oct. 9-10Oct. 16Oct. 22-23

Tabulated by:

PrecipitationTime

Began2

Hr:min.6:15a1:25P6:10a5:10p

10:00pll:20p3:10a

10:50p

Durati on3

Hr:min.13:003:508:15

12:5057:004:30 ,

11:006:30

Am't.

4In.

1.191.870.575.941.570.560.930.95


5In/hr.3.825.421.823.361.231.090.712.38

L5 min.6

In/hr.1.584.360.802.840.640.680.521.11

30 min.7

In/hr.0.972.550.482.090.350.440.400.67

60 min.8

In/hr.0.511.510.241.530.210.290.220.37

I. W. Date June 1939 Checked by: A. C. Date July 1939

RunoffTime

Began9

Hr:min.6:25al:30p6:10a5:30p

10:00p12:003:30a

ll:00p

Durat ion10

Hr:min.9:00

10:3013:0054:3066:0018:0024:0020:00

Am't.

11In.

0.0290.0440.0250.4130.1540.0530.0610.53

Max.rate12

C.f.s.1.0373.0060.5307.2510.5530.7370.6100.640

Time*of max.13

Hr:min.6:251:354:107:00

43:252:00

10:402:10

Tem-

ture14

Deg.F.70.267.867.269.469.267.063.265.1

Remarks

15

Peak runoffpreceded peakrainfall

T~

* Elapsed time after beginning of rain. ** Average; of maximum and minimum. Sheet 2 of 2 sheets•

f

Documents

U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Appalachian Forest Experiment …coweeta.uga.edu/publications/807.pdf · · 2014-03-25OUTLINE FOR COMPILING PRECIPITATION AND RUNOFF