UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE and MS1525 - Ir Ahmad Izdihar (1)

9/4/2013

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UBBL 2012 Amendments on EE

Bylaw 38A and MS1525:2014

Ir Ahmad Izdihar

�MS 1525� 2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd

revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE

ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

AND USE OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY

FOR

NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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38A. Energy efficiency in buildings.

1. New or renovated non-residential buildings with air-

conditioned space exceeding 4,000 square metres

shall be

a) designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525 with

regards to the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

and the Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV); and

b) provided with an Energy Management System.

UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency

2. The roof for all buildings (residential and non

residential) shall not have a thermal transmittance (U-

value) greater than

a) 0.4 W/m2K for Light (under 50 kg/m2) weight roof; and

b) 0.6 W/m2K for Heavy (above 50 kg/m2) weight

roof, unless provided with other shading or cooling

means.

UBBL 2012 Amendment on Energy Efficiency

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Introduction to MS 1525

�MS 1525� 2001; 2007 1st revision; (2013/2014 2nd

revision)

CODE OF PRACTICE

ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

AND USE OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY

FOR

NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

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Clause0 Introduction1 Scope2 Referenced Documents3 Definitions4 Architectural and passive design strategy5 Building envelope6 Lighting7 Electric power and distribution8 Air-conditioning and mechanical

ventilation system9 Energy management control system10 Building Energy Simulation Method

CONTENTS in MS1525

MS 1525 primarily deals with building energy.

The steps towards Energy Efficient buildings are:

PASSIVE

MEASURES

Clause 4 :

Architectural and

Passive Design Strategy

Clause 5 :

Building Envelope

ACTIVE MEASURES

Clause 6 : Lighting

Clause 7

Power System and Distribution System

Clause 8

Air Cond and Mech Ventilation System

Clause 9

Energy Management Control System

+

�MS 1525

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1. Purpose of this Malaysian Standard is to:

• encourage the design of new and existing buildings so that they may be constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that reduces the use of energy without straining the creativity, building function, nor the comfort or productivity of the occupants and with appropriate regard for cost consideration

• encourage the application of renewable energy in new and existing buildings to minimise non-renewable energy sources, pollution and energy consumption whilst maintaining comfort, health and safety of the occupants.

Introduction

2. The standard sets out only the minimum standards.

3. Recommendations for renewable energy applications are classified under the following areas:

a. maximising the availability of renewable energy resources such as solar heating, solar electricity, solar lighting and solar assisted technologies;

b. optimising passive cooling strategies;c. optimising environmental cooling through natural

means such as vegetation, site planning, landscaping and shading; and

d. maximising passive solar design.

Introduction cont’d

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4. The requirements for energy efficiency are classified under the following areas:

a. designing an efficient lighting systemb. minimising losses in electrical power distribution

equipmentc. designing an efficient air-conditioning and

mechanical ventilation system; andd. designing a good energy management system

Introduction cont’d

This code of practice gives guidance on the effective use of energy including the application of renewable energy in new and existing non-residential buildings.

Buildings or portions thereof whose peak design rate of electrical energy usage is less than 10 W/m2

(installed) of gross floor area for all purposes are excluded from this Standard.

Scope

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4.1 Sustainable design approach4.2 Passive design strategy4.3 Site planning and orientation4.4 Daylighting4.5 Façade Design4.6 Natural Ventilation4.7 Daylighting &Ventilation from Windows4.8 Strategic Landscaping4.9 Future considerations for sustainable

design

4.Architectural and passive design strategy

5.1 General Requirements5.2 Concept of OTTV5.3 Shading Coefficient5.4 Daylighting5.5 Roofs5.6 Roofs with Skylights5.7 Daylight Credit5.8 Submission Procedure5.9 Air Leakage

5. Building Envelope

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A design criterion for building envelope known as

the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) has been

adopted. The OTTV aims at achieving the design of

building envelope to reduce heat gain through the

building envelope and hence reduce the cooling

load of the air-conditioning system.

The OTTV…should not exceed 50 W / m2

CONCEPT OF OTTVMS1525:2007 Clause 5.2

n21

nn2211

ooo

ooo

A ......AA

OTTV x A ......OTTV x AOTTV x AOTTV

++

++

=

The OTTV of building envelope is given by the

formula:

where A1 is the gross exterior wall area

for orientation 1;

OTTV1 is the OTTV value for

orientation 1; and

OTTV for the whole building < 50 W/m2

CONCEPT OF OTTVMS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.1

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SC) x WWR x CF x(194 U(WWR)6UWWR)(1α15OTTVi fw ++−=

The formula for the OTTV of any given wall orientation is as follows:

CONCEPT OF OTTVMS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2

MS1525:2007 Table 5

If R1 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio. If R1 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.If R1 is > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R1 between 1.30 and 2.00

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If R2 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio. If R2 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.If R2 > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R2 is between 1.30 and 2.00.

MS1525:2007 Table 61

Eggcrate Shading DevicesMS1525:2007 Table 7

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The calculation of OTTV does not include the

roof plane, but the thermal transmittance (Roof

U-value) of the roof construction is important.

ROOF U-VALUEMS1525:2007 Clause 5.5

U-values are worked out from the Thermal Resistance of the respective materials making up the Roof, similar to that for Walls.

ie, U = 1 / Rtotal

The higher the R, the lower the U, the better.

0.6Heavy

(Above 50 kg/m²)

0.4Light

(Under 50 kg/m²)

Maximum U-Value (W/m²K)

Roof WeightGroup

MS1525:2007 Clause 5.5.1Table 9. Maximum U-value for roof (W/m²K)

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6.1 Applications excluded6.2 General principles of efficient lighting

practice 6.3 Maximum allowable power for illumination

systems6.4 Exterior building lighting power requirements 6.5 Lighting Controls6.6 Operation and maintenance (O&M)

manual and as built drawings

6. Lighting

6.1 Applications excluded from this clause include:

a. outdoor activities such as manufacturing, storage, commercial greenhouse and processing facilities;

b. lighting power for theatrical productions, television broadcasting, audio-visual resentationsand those portions of entertainment facilities such as stage areas in hotel ballrooms, night-clubs, discos and casinos where lighting is an essential technical element for the function performed;

c. specialised luminaires for medical and dental purposes;

d. outdoor recreational facilities;

6. Lighting cont’d

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a. display lighting required for art exhibition or display in galleries, museums and monuments;

b. exterior lighting for public monuments;c. special lighting needs for research laboratories;d. lighting to be used solely for lighting indoor and

outdoor plant growth during the hours of 10.00 pm and 6.00 am;

e. emergency lighting that is automatically ‘off’ during normal operations;

f. high risk security areas identified by local ordinances or regulations or by security or safety personnel requiring additional lighting;

g. lighting for signs; andh. store-front display windows in retail facilities.


Table 13:

Recommended average illuminance levels

Task Illuminanc

e (Lux)

Examples of

Applications

Lighting for infrequently used areas

20 Minimum service illuminance

50 Interior walkway and carpark

100 Hotel bedroom

100 Lift interior

100 Corridor, passageway, stair

150 Escalator, travellator

100 Entrance & exit

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Table 13:

Recommended average illuminance levels cont’d

Task Illuminance

(Lux)

Examples of Applications

Lighting for working interiors

200 Infrequent reading and writing

300 - 400 General office, shop & store, reading & writing

300 - 400 Drawing office

150 Restroom

200 Restaurant, canteen, café

150 - 300 Kitchen

150 Lounge

Table 14:Unit lighting power (incl. ballast loss) allowance

Type of Usage Max lighting power

W/m2

Restaurant 15

Office 15

Classroom/Lecture Theatre 15

Auditorium/Concert Hall 15

Hotel/Motel Guestroom 15

Lobby/Atrium/Concourse 20

Supermarket/DeptStore/Shop

25

Store/Warehouse/Lavatory 10

Stair/Corridor/Carpark 10

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6.5 Lighting controls

The minimum number of lighting control for daylight energy savings scheme shall take into consideration the following criteria:

a) all spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions shall be provided with at least one operated-on-off lighting control for each room;

b) one switch is provided for each task or group of tasks within an area of 30 m2 or less;

c) the total number of switches shall be at least one switch for each 1 kW of connected load; and

d) lighting zoned control for energy savings.


• Hotel and motel guest rooms shall have a master switch which automatically turns off all lighting, power outlets and reduce operating air-conditioning loads except for essential loads.

• Exterior lighting not intended for 24 hour continuous use shall be automatically switched by timer and/or photocell.

• Local manual controls or automatic controls such as photoelectric switches or automatic dimmers shall be provided in day lighted space. Controls should be provided so as to operate rows of light parallel to the facade/ exterior wall.


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7.1 Alternative Current (A.C.) Electric motors 7.2 Cabling7.3 Transformers7.4 Inverters7.5 Power factor correction capacitors

7. Electrical Power & Distribution

Table 15:

Class definition for 4-pole motors

Motor

Capacity

(kW)

Motor Efficiency

Motor Class EFF2

Motor Efficiency

Motor Class EFF1

1.1 ≥ 76.2 ≥ 83.8

1.5 ≥ 78.5 ≥ 85.0

2.2 ≥ 81.0 ≥ 86.4

3 ≥ 82.6 ≥ 87.4

4 ≥ 84.2 ≥ 88.3

5.5 ≥ 85.7 ≥ 89.2

7.5 ≥ 87.0 ≥ 90.1

11 ≥ 88.4 ≥ 91.0

15 ≥ 89.4 ≥ 91.8

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Table 15:

Class definition for 4-pole motors contd

Motor Capacity

(kW)

Motor Efficiency

Motor Class EFF2

Motor Efficiency

Motor Class EFF1

18.5 ≥ 90.0 ≥ 92.2

22 ≥ 90.5 ≥ 92.6

30 ≥ 91.4 ≥ 93.2

37 ≥ 92.0 ≥ 93.6

45 ≥ 92.5 ≥ 93.9

55 ≥ 93.0 ≥ 94.2

75 ≥ 93.6 ≥ 94.7

90 ≥ 93.9 ≥ 95.0

Table 17:

Location of Distribution Transformers

Load fed by Transformer

Distance of Transformer from Load Centre

> 600 A Not more than 20 m

300 A to 600 A Not more than 100 m

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7.5 Power factor correction capacitors

Power factor correction capacitors should be the low loss type with losses per kVAR not exceeding 0.35 W at upper temperature limit excluding the losses in the discharge resistors.

7.6 Sub Metering

To facilitate monitoring of energy consumption and energy management, electrical energy meters should be installed at strategic load centres to identify consumption by functional use (air conditioning, lighting, etc).

7. Electrical Power & Distribution cont’d

8. Air-conditioning and mechanical

ventilation (ACMV) system

8.1 Load calculations

8.2 System and equipment sizing

8.3 Separate air distribution systems

8.4 Controls

8.5 Piping insulation

8.6 Air handling duct system insulation

8.7 Duct construction

8.8 Balancing

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8. Air-conditioning and mechanical

ventilation (ACMV) system

8.9 ACMV systems

8.10 ACMV system equipment

8.11 ACMV system components

8.12 ACMV system equipment/component

– heat operated (absorption), cooling mode

8.13 System testing and commissioning

8.14 Operation and maintenance (O&M) manual and as-built drawings

8.15 Preventive maintenance

8.1.2 Indoor design conditions

Recommended:

Design dry bulb temperature 23 ºC – 26 °CMinimum dry bulb temperature 22 °CDesign relative humidity 55 % – 70 %Air movement 0.15 – 0.50 m/sMaximum air movement 0.7 m/s

8.1.3 Outdoor design conditions

Recommended outdoor design conditions:

Dry bulb temperature 33.3 °C

Wet bulb temperature 27.2 °C.

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8.1.4 Ventilation

Outdoor air-ventilation rates shall comply with Third Schedule (By Law 41) Article 12(1) of Uniform Building By Laws, 1984.

Exception:

Outdoor air quantities may exceed those shown, if required because of special occupancy or process requirements or source control of air contamination or Indoor Air Quality

consideration.

8.2 System and equipment sizing

� Air conditioning systems and equipment shall be sized to provide no more than the space and system loads calculated, consistent with available equipment capacity.

� Redundancy in capacity of equipment, if incorporated into the sizing of the duty equipment, shall include efficiency devices such as variable speed drive, high efficiency motor, efficient unloading devices, multi compressors etc so as not to diminish the equipment/system efficiency when operating at varying loads.

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8.2 System and equipment sizing cont’d

� Where chillers are used and when the design load is greater than 1000 kWr, a minimum of either two chillers or a single multi-compressor chiller should be provided to meet the required load.

� Multiple units of the same equipment type, such as multiple chillers, with combined capacities exceeding the design load may be specified to operate concurrently only if controls are provided which sequence or otherwise optimally control the operation of each unit based on the required cooling load.

� Individual air cooled or water cooled direct expansion (DX) units greater than 35 kWr(reciprocating compressor) or 65 kWr (scroll compressor) shall consist of either multi compressors or single compressor with step/variable unloaders.

8.3 Separate air distribution system

� Zones which are expected to operate non-simultaneously for more than 750 hours per year shall be served by separate air distribution systems.

� For air conditioned space requiring exhaust air volume in excess of 3400 m3/h, not less than 85 % of non conditioned make up air should be introduced directly into the space concerned unless the exhausted conditioned air is utilised for secondary cooling purposes.

Alternatively, heat recovery devices shall be provided.

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8.4 ControlsTemperature control

� Each system shall be provided with at least one thermostat for the regulation of temperature.

� Each thermostat shall be capable of being set by adjustment or selection of sensors over a minimum range of between 22 °C to 27 °C.

� Multi-stage thermostat shall be provided for equipment exceeding 35/65 kWr in conjunction with 8.2.4.

Humidity control

� In a system requiring moisture removal to maintain specific selected relative humidity in spaces or zones, no new source of energy (such as electric reheat) shall be used to produce a space relative humidity below 55 % for comfort cooling purposes.

8.4 Controls cont’d

Energy Recovery

� It is recommended that consideration be given to the use of recovery systems which will conserve energy (provided the amount expended is less than the amount recovered) when the energy transfer potential and the operating hours are considered.

� Recovered energy in excess of the new source of energy expended in the recovery process may be used for control of temperature and humidity.

� Examples include the use of condenser water for reheat, desuperheater heat reclaim, heat recovery wheel, heat pipe or any other energy recovery technology.

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8.4 Controls cont’d

Mechanical ventilation control

� Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) shall be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction when ventilation is not required.

� Examples of such devices would include timer switch control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor control.

Fan System Efficiency

�For fan system with air flowrate exceeding 17000 m3/h and operating for more than 750 hours a year, the power required by the motor for the entire fan system at design conditions should not exceed 0.45 W per m3/h of air flowrate.

8.8 Balancing

The system design shall provide means forbalancing the air and water system such asbut not limited to dampers, temperature andpressure test connections and balancingvalves.

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8.10 ACMV system equipment cont’d

Table 19. Unitary air conditioners, electrically driven:

Equipment Size Sub-category Min. COP

Air cooled

with

condenser

<19kWr Split system single package

2.7 COP 2.7 COP

≥ 19kWr <35kWr

Split system single package

2.6 COP

≥ 35kWr Split system single package

2.5 COP

Water and

evaporatively

cooled

<19kWr Split system single package

3.0 COP

≥ 19kWr <35kWr

Split system single package

3.5 COP

≥ 35kWr Split system single package

3.6 COP

Budget Hotel

Shop Office

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Restaurant

VRS

Table 21: Water chilling packages, electrically driven:

Equipment Size Min COP or IPLV

Air-cooled

With

condenser

<105kWr (30RT) 2.6 COP(1.36kWe/RT) or 2.8 IPLV

≥ 105kWr <530kWr 2.7 COP(1.3kWe/RT) or 2.8 IPLV

≥ 530kWr (150RT) <1060kWr (300RT)

2.8 COP(1.26kWe/RT) or 2.9 IPLV

≥ 1060kWr 2.9 COP(1.21kWe/RT) or 3.0 IPLV

Water-cooled Recip or scroll

All capacities 4.0 COP(0.88kWe/RT) or 4.0 IPLV

Water-cooled

Rotary

<530kWr (150RT) 4.0 COP or 4.2 IPLV

≥ 530 < 1060kWr 4.4 COP(0.8kWe/RT) or 4.7 IPLV


Water-cooled

Centrifugal

<1060kWr 5.2 COP(0.68kWe/RT) or 5.5 IPLV


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Water-cooled chiller

Air-cooled chiller

9. Energy Management Control System

9.1 Energy Management System (EMS)

9.2 Control of equipment

9.3 Monitoring of equipment

9.4 Integration of equipment subsystems

9.5 Energy consuming areas

9.6 Application of EMS to the ACMV system

9.7 Application of EMS to the lighting system

9.8 Application of EMS to Energy Audit

9.9 Characteristics of EMS

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9.1 Energy Management System (EMS)

The Energy Management System (EMS) is a subset of the Building Automation System function. It should be considered for buildings having area greater than 4000 m2 of air- conditioned space. Generally, the Building Automation System has three functions:

a) control of equipment;

b) monitoring of equipment; and

c) integration of equipment sub-systems.

B A S

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9.2 Control of equipment

The purpose of the control of equipment is to save energy.

This is performed by the EMS function of the Building Automation System.

9.3 Monitoring of equipment

The purpose of monitoring the equipment is to improve the efficiency of operations personnel by:

a) providing centralised information of current equipment conditions;

b) providing historical information of equipment conditions;

c) providing a “management by exception” function to alert the operator of any abnormal equipment conditions; and

d) providing analysis tools to aid in the study of equipment operations.

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9.5 Energy consuming areas

Air conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) system

� This system is typically the largest energy consumer in the building and has the largest savings potential

Lighting system

� The lighting system is typically the second largest energy consumer in the building

Others

� Any other large energy consuming equipment such as water pump sets, electric heaters and others should be included under the EMS programme. However, it is typically not appropriate to apply an EMS to control other equipment, such as computers etc.

B A S

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B A S

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10.0 Building Energy Simulation Method

� The building energy simulation method is an alternative to the OTTV & RTTV

� This section requires a building energy simulation of 2 buildings.

� The first building as per design, called the design building.

� The second building is a fictional base case building called the base building.

� The base building shall be as functional as the design building and shall share the all the same characteristic of the design building with the exception to the following:

a) building form;b) building envelope; andc) daylighting & lighting control.

Thank You