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UCMR3A SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Western Pacific Sub-Section AWWA

April 13, 2015

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Presentation Outline

• What is the UCMR

• Why Detections Matter

• General Summary & Trends

• Results for Specific Constituents

• Conclusions

• Questions

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What is the UCMR

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• UCMR1 (2002-04) - 4 + 1

• UCMR2 (2008-10) - 25

• UCMR3 (2013-15) - 28 + 2

• CCL1 (1998)

• CCL2 (2005)

• CCL3 (2009)

• CCL4 (2015)MCL

What Are We Actually Seeing?

EPA is releasing data periodically: 10/13, 01/14, 4/14, 7/14, and 10/14. (~ Quarterly)

The NCOD, now represents ~33,000 samples (19,000 entry point samples and 12,000 Maximum Residence time samples) from multiple labs. ~9700 entry points. It represents more than 600,000 data points. Data from our labs accounts for nearly 40% of those results.

Represents about 2600 PWS for List 1 and about 600 PWS for List 2.

So somewhat more than half the PWS that need to sample

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Data Represents a Good Mix of GW (2200) and SW (7200) Sites

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Why Detections Matter

UCMR1 and UCMR2 had very few detects. How do you evaluate regulatory impact with

no detection if you don’t have health based standards?

UCMR Detections must be reported in the CCR. But there is no comparison to health

reference levels.

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Data Patterns as We See More Results Publicly AvailableThere is already a lot of data available.Overall patterns of occurrence have not changed

that much since the first NCOD data release.

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% of PWS with DetectsContaminant 10-13 1-14 4-14 7-14 10-14

1,4-dioxane 19% 19% 20% 20% 20%PFOS 1.5% 1.6% 1.8% 1.6% 1.8%

Vanadium 75% 77% 74% 70% 72%Hex Chrome 89% 90% 90% 87% 88%Testosterone 4.0% 5.0% 4.6% 4.7% 5.0%

What’s Frequent Overall?

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High Chlorate Values Can Be Associated with Multiple Disinfection Scenarios

This likely demonstrates that EPA may still not have effectively captured disinfection scenarios.

Both offsite (bulk) hypochlorite and onsite generation produce some scenarios with high chlorate.

10From Alfredo et al (2015)

High Chlorate Values Are Not Restricted to Warm Climate Areas

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Use of Both Bulk Hypo and On-site Generation May Lead to High ClO3 (>700)

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Metals are Much More of a Groundwater Issue Than a Surface Water Issue

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V

Cr

Mo

Strontium shows the same pattern, but there is not as large a difference between source types, likely because it is so much more ubiquitous.

For GW Systems There is No Systematic Change at MR vs EP

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Even Only at Lower Concentrations There is No Consistent Trend

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Strontium is Similar in That There is No Consistent Pattern

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For SW Systems, Some Metals Have Clear Trends and Correlations

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Strontium in SW Overall Shows No Change From EP to MR

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Other Than at Very Low Levels, Chromium is Predominantly Cr (VI)

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There are, however, cases that indicate poor data review.

In those cases, close review of the data suggests data entry errors.

At Low Cr-T Concentrations There Are Some Analytical Issues

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The hexavalent chromium method (218.7) is much more rugged at low levels than the total chromium method.

This suggests that even with sample digestion there may be biases associated with total chromium measurements at sub ppb levels.

Hexavalent Chromium is Widespread, But High Values Are Isolated

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Strontium Is “Regionally” High Compared to the New HRL (1500 ppb)

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1,4-Dioxane is Widespread, But High Values Are Clustered

Detected in 12% of samples nationwide~3% exceed the 0.35 ug/L HRL

~1% exceed a 10-5 risk level of 3.5 ug/L

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1,4-Dioxane is Both a GW and SW Issue

Many of the surface water hits are in the Southeast and likely represent point sources

Volatile Organic Compound OccurrenceOverall, about 5% of samples have 1 or more

VOC detections (minimal co-occurrence)

As expected, almost all the hits are GW samples.

Most common detections: 1,1-DCA (3%) Chlorodifluoromethane aka HCFC-22 (2.2%) Bromochloromethane aka Halon 11 (2.0%)

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What About 1,3-Butadiene and 1,2,3-TCP?

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1,3-Butadiene is a potent carcinogen. One (1) hit out of ~15,000 samples

1,2,3-TCP is a potential driver for the Carcinogenic Votatile Organic Compound (CVOC) Rule. Only 126 hits (120 GW) (0.8% of samples have hits) Only 7 states with detections (AL, HI, NY, NJ, CA, CT, PA)

• HI and NY have a high percentage of sites with hits (>10%).• CA, where TCP is “on the radar” only has ~4% of sites with

hits.• TCP concentrations are relatively stable over multiple events.

But note that any hits are automatically over the HRL.

VOC Occurrence is Very Regional

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Perfluorinated Compounds(PFCs) Detections are Infrequent (N ~15,000)

Compound Frequency of

Detection as % of samples

% PWS w Hits

99th % conc

Max conc (ug/L)

HRL

PFOS 0.8% 1.8% ND 1.8 0.4PFHxS 0.6% 1.1% ND 0.68 --PFHpA 0.6% 1.5% ND 0.07 --PFOA 0.9% 1.9% ND 0.29 0.2

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Detections in ~ 20 states; not necessarily consistent hits over time.

Many of the hits are non-CCL3 PFCs(only PFOA and PFOS are on the CCL3 list).

~15,000 unique sample points

~ 2600 PWS

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Perfluorinated Compounds Are Not Widespread

Occurrence reflects local industrial sources

What About the Hormones?

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. ~5,000 samples (but only ~580 PWS, 2700 sites) 86 hits—maximum values from 1 to 5 part per trillion 4-androstene-3,17-dione (42 hits 38 < 1 ppt) max 1.9 ppt Testosterone (36 hits – 33 < 1 ppt) max 5.3 ppt 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol (3 hits) max 1.6 ppt estriol (1 hit) max 1.1 ppt 17b-estradiol (3 hits) max < 1 ppt

Neither of the most frequently detected analytes are on the CCL 3 List.

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Hormones Are Infrequent (25 States), But Some In Unexpected Areas

Almost all of the hormone data seem to be one time hits(e.g. very problematic to explain)

Conclusions

UCMR3 patterns of occurrence have not changed much as more data have been released.

We are seeing a lot more hits than we did in prior UCMRs.There are a few “challenging” compounds.

1,4-dioxane, chlorate, and strontium in particular

There are localized hot spots for some of the contaminants.

EPA should fully assess implications of UCMR3 before finalizing UCMR4 strategy.

Implications for Western Pacific

CONSTITUENT REF AMSAMOA GUAM CNMI

Chlorate 210 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Cobalt 40 <5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Molybdenum 35 >75% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Strontium 1500 100% >50% 100% 0% 100% 0%

Vanadium 21 95% 5% >75% 0% >75% 0%

Chromium 100 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0%

Chromium 6 10 100% 0% 100% 5% 100% 0%

PFCs 0.2 <5% 0% ,5% 0% <5% 25%

Chlorodifluoromethane 31.5 0% 0% <2% 100% <2% 100%

Thank You

Rick ZimmerSenior Account Managerrickzimmer@eurofinsus.com

Eurofins Eaton Analytical, Inc.750 Royal Oaks DriveMonrovia, CA 91016 USA

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