This is a Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG) Publication. B.P. 4353 Kigali - Rwanda, Telefone. 55100664, Email: umuseso@yahoo.co.uk. Printed by New Vision

Umwaka VII: No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008, B.P 4353 Kigali-Rwanda. Tel: 08354880 E-mail: umuseso@yahoo.co.uk. Frw 500, Ush 1500, Fbu 1000

IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

Imiyoborere

Ibimbabaza

Manda: U Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol rutereta

Ruswa mu Rwanda irahari, ariko irahishwa

“Ni iki barega Kalisa?”

Guca igifaransa:

Inyungu ni izihe?

Ibihombo?

Ubutabera

RaporoAbazize jeno-side 97,567

ntibarashyin-gurwa

Ukuri kuri Kongo, Nkunda, Interahamwe n’u

Rwanda

Ukuri kuri Kongo, Nkunda, Interahamwe n’u

Rwanda

Urup. 2 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Ubutabera

Ikibazo cy’abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo za RDF batangiwe man-da n’abacamanza babiri aribo;

Fernando Andreo wo muri Espagne na Jean Louis Bruguière wo mu Bufaransa cyatangiye gifatwa nk’imikino, ari nako abayobozi b’u Rwanda bavuga ko nta gaciro baha icyo kibazo, ariko uko im-insi igenda isimburana, icyo kibazo cy-agiye gifata indi ntera.

Ubu Leta y’u Rwanda ntabwo yicaye.

Amakuru Umuseso ukesha abantu bizewe cyane mu bucamanza bw’u Rwanda ariko badusabye ko tutagaragaza amazina yabo kubera impamvu z’umutekano wabo are-meza ko ubu u Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol rusaba ko izo manda zitashyirwa mu bikor-wa, cyangwa se byibuze, zikaba zisubitswe.

Ayo makuru yemeza ko icyo cyifuzo cyage-jejwe ku nama rusange ya Interpol, yaber-eye mu gihugu cy’u Burusiya, mu cyum-weru gishize.Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubugenzacyaha bwa polisi, Tony Kuramba, ari nawe uhaga-rariye Interpol mu Rwanda, akaba yaratumi-we muri iyo nama, ariko amakuru Umuseso ufite, yemeza ko yajyanye muri iyo nama n’umuyobozi mukuru w’agateganyo wa Polisi, ACP Mary Gahonzire, nde-tse na Minisitiri w’ubutabera, Tharcisse Karugarama, kugira ngo bafatanye kum-visha inama rusange ya Interpol impamvu bumva ko izo manda zitakubahirizwa, cy-angwa se zasubikwa. Gusa, izo ntumwa za Leta zagarutse mu Rwanda ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2008, ntabwo zishaka gushyira ahagaragara ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama rusange kuri icyo kibazo. Umwe muri izo nyumwa twavug-anye kuri telefoni kuri icyo kibazo yatubwi-ye ko ibiganiro n’imyanzuro by’inama za Interpol biba ari ibanga rikomeye kubera ko ari ibiganiro biba bireba umutekano w’isi, adusaba atakamba ko tutanavuga ko twa-vuganye nawe. Ariko, mu bushakashatsi bwacu, tuzabagezaho iyo myanzuro nituy-imenya.U Rwanda rutanze icyo cyifuzo muri Interpol nyuma yaho Perezida Kagame agitangiye mu nama rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ndetse akanakigeza mu buryo bw’umwihariko ku Munyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, Ban Ki Moon, ndetse na Perezida w’u Bufaransa, Nicholas Sarkozy, ariko amakuru dukesha bamwe mu byegera bya Perezida avuga ko yaba Ban Ki Moon, yaba na Nicholas Sarkozy, bamusubije ko ntacyo bakora ku kibazo cy’ubutabera.Umwe muri abo Umuseso wavuganye nabo, yagize ati: “Sarkozy yamubwiye ko aramutse yivanze mu bibazo by’ubutabera, bwacya abafaransa bamusaba kwegura.” Akomeza avuga ko Sarkozy ariwe wagiriye Perezida Kagame inama yo kwiyambaza abashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa izo manda aribo International Police (Interpol).Twabibutsa kandi ko atari ubwa mbere Leta y’u Rwanda isabye Interpol kudaha agaciro izo manda. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga, nyuma y’isohoka ry’izo man-da, yasohoye itangazo risaba amahanga na Interpol kudaha ziriya manda agaciro. Iryo tangazo rikaba ryaravugaga ko biriya birego bigamije gusa guharabika isura nziza y’u Rwanda no gusibanganya ibikorwa byiza Leta y’u Rwanda imaze gukora.

Intangiriro

Manda: U Rwanda rugeze muri Interpol ruteretaJean Louis Bruguière, kugeza ubu weguye ku mirimo y’ubucamanza, yatanze man-da zifata abayobozi bakuru ba Leta y’u Rwanda, barimo na Perezida Paul Kagame, mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2006. Bimwe mu birego umucamanza Bruguière ar-ega abo bayobozi harimo guhanura indege y’uwahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu, Juvenal Habyarimana no gukora ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu birimo kwica mu ntambara. Bruguière kandi akaba yarasabye umuryan-go w’abibumbye gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Perezida Paul Kagame ashyiki-rizwe urukiko rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruhana ibyaha by’intambara.Usibye Perezida Kagame, bamwe mu bayo-bozi batangiwe impapuro zo kubafata ni am-basaderi w’u Rwanda mu Buhinde, Lt. Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa, umugaba w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, General James Kabarebe, umugaba w’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, Lt. Gen. Charles Kayonga, ushinzwe inying-isho za politiki mu ngabo z’u Rwanda akaba n’umuyobozi w’ikigo gishinzwe amasoko ya gisirikare, Brig. Gen. Jacques Nziza n’ushinzwe Protocol muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika, Major Rose Kabuye.Fernando Andreu we yatanze manda zi-fata abasirikare ba RDF bagera kuri 40, barimo na Perezida Kagame. Izo manda zikaba zarashyizwe ahagaragara ku wa 06 Gashyantare 2008.Uko ari mirongo ine, abo basirikare bara-regwa ibyaha bya jenoside, ibyaha by-ibasiye inyokomuntu n’iterabwoba. Ibyo byaha uwo mucamanza avuga ko byakozwe hagati ya 1990 na 2000. Abo basirikare kandi bararegwa kuba barishe abihayimana b’Abanyesipanye 9.Bamwe mu batangiwe manda harimo Paul Kagame, General James Kabarebe, Lieutenant General Kayumba Nyamwasa, Major General Karenzi Karake (uri mu butumwa muri Sudan), Major General Fred Ibingira, Lt. Col. Joseph Nzabamwita n’abandi.

Inzira ya dipulomasi

Abategetsi b’u Rwanda bakoresheje in-zira nyinshi kugira ngo bateshe agaciro izo manda. Muri izo nzira, harimo ni iya dipulomasi. U Rwanda rukaba rwarasabye imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye iri-mo Umuryango w’Afurika yunze ubumwe (African Union), umuryango w’abibumye, umuryango wa East African Community, n’iyindi itandukanye.Iyo miryango yose ni nako yasohoye ama-tangazo yamagana izo manda, isaba isi yose kudaha agaciro izo manda.

Hari abiteguye kuzishyira mu bikorwa

Mu gihe ariko abategetsi batandukanye b’abanyarwanda barimo Perezida Kagame, intumwa za rubanda, abasenateri, abayobozi b’amashyaka akorera mu Rwanda bakomeje kwamagana izo manda, ndetse banaterwa inkunga n’imiryango itandukanye twavuze haruguru, umushinjacyaha w’u Bubiligi we yatangaje mu minsi ishize ko yiteguye

kubahiriza izo manda, afata abaregwa na Fernando.Uwo mushinjacyaha, Philippe Meire, yatan-garije itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga ko yiteguye kubahiriza izo manda ku butaka bw’u Bubiligi. Yagize ati: “Ndashaka ko ibi byumvikana neza, izi manda zizubahirizwa usibye gusa ku bantu tudafiteho ububasha (jurisdictional immunity)”.Uwo mushinjacyaha yasobanuraga ihagarikwa ry’uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Rosemary Museminari, muri Gicurasi 2008. U Rwanda rukaba rwarahagaritse urwo ruzinduko nyu-ma yaho u Bubiligi busanze Lt. Col. Joseph Nzabamwita ari ku rutonde rw’intumwa zagombaga kuba ziyobowe na Rosemary Museminari, kandi yaratangiwe manda yo kumufata na Fernando Andreu.Philippe Meire yakomeje agira ati: “u Rwanda rwaratunguwe tumaze kubaburira ko tuzubahiriza manda za Fernando (guta muri yombi) ku muntu wese uzaba ari muri delegation y’u Rwanda kandi yaratangiwe manda”. Iyo akaba ariyo mpamvu u Rwanda rwahise ruhagarika urwo ruzinduko.

Inzira y’ubutabera iragenda inanirana

Mu gihe kandi Perezida Kagame na Minisitii w’ubutabera, Tharcisse Karuga-rana bakomeje kuvuga ko manda zatanzwe n’umucamanza w’umufaransa, Jean Louis Bruguière, zitagomba guhabwa agaciro na gato, bamwe mu barezwe n’uwo mucaman-za batangaje mu minsi ishize ko biteguya kuburana.Abo barimo Brig. Gen. (RTD) Sam Kaka, Lt Col (RTD) Rose Kabuye na Jacob Tumu-sime.Amakuru Umuseso ukesha itangazamaku-ru ryo mu Bufaransa aremeza ko Bernard Mangain na Lef Forster, abavoka ba Rose Kabuye, Sam Kaka na Jacob Tumusime mu

rubanza abo banyarwanda bareze mu Bu-faransa basaba ko bavanirwaho izo manda, basabye ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa kubaha dosiye Bruguière yashingiyeho asohora izo manda, bakitegura urubanza, ariko gusaba kwabo kukaba kwaraguye ku gipfamatwi.Usibye no kubona iyo dosiye kandi, abo bavoka baremeza ko badahwema gusaba ubutabera bwo mu Bufaransa ko abakiliya babo (Kabuye, Kaka na Tumusiime) bagez-wa imbere y’ubutabera, bakaburana ikirego bareze basaba ko izo manda zavanwaho.Twakwibutsa ko usibye Rose Kabuye, Sam Kaka na Jacob Tumusime bareze mu Bu-faransa, Brig. Gen. Jack Nziza na Lt. Gen. Charles Kayonga nabo batanze ikirego mu Bubiligi basaba ko izo manda zahagarikwa, ariko urubanza rukaba rutaraburanishwa.Usibye abo basirikare kandi, twakwibutsa ko na Perezida Paul Kagame yagejeje ikire-go ku rukiko mpuzamahanga (International Court of Justice), asaba nawe ko izo manda zitahabwa agaciro, ariko nawe ikirego cye kikaba kitaraburanishwa. Amakuru yizewe agera ku kinyamakuru Umuseso aremeza ko urwo rukiko ntacyo rushobora gukora kuri icyo kirego keretse igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyemereye urwo rukiko gusuzuma icyo kibazo.U Rwanda rukaba rwarashyikirije icyo kire-go urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’i Lahe mu Buholandi ku wa 18 Mata 2007.Mu kirego cyashyikirijwe urukiko mpu-zamahanga, u Rwanda ruravuga ko u Bufaransa bwanyuze ukubiri n’inshingano ya buri gihugu yo kutivanga mu bibazo bi-reba ikindi gihugu kigenga.

Charles B. Kabonero na Didas M. Gasana

Yagiye gutereta: Mary Gahonzire Ikirego: Lt Gen Charles Kayonga

Urup. 3No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Isesengura

Minisitiri Karega arasaba RURA kumanura ibiciro bya transport

U Rwanda rurasaba Interpol guca inkoni izamba, ntifate abayobozi barwo batangiwe manda.

Leta y'u Rwanda yavanye Igifaransa mundimi zikore-shwa mu kazi mu Rwanda

Amagufa y'abacitse kw'icumu hafi ibihumbi 100 ntarashyin-gurwa

Akarere ka Kicukiro katam-bamiye ibikorwa bya Pastor Mudahinyuka

AERG yashyize ahagaragara umubare w'abazize itsembab-woko ryo mu 1994

Mu kwandikaga iyi nkuru, umwe mu barwanashy-

aka b’ishyaka rya CNDP urikorera yicaye i Kigali mu Rwanda, yari avuye ku biro by’Umuseso azanye ubutu-mire bwa Jenerali Nkunda bugamije kwereka abanya-makuru ibikoresho inyeshy-amba za Nkunda ziherutse gutangaza ko hatangiye in-tambara yeruye yo guhashya ubutegetsi bubi bwa Kabila zafatiye mu mirwano bigaru-riyemo ikigo cya gisirikare cya Leta ya Kongo kiri ahitwa Rumangabo, mu birometero 45 kuva mu mujyi wa Goma. Ikindi kwari ukwerekana abar-wanyi ba Kabila bishyize mu maboko ya Nkunda basaba kuba ariho babarizwa. Ibyo ni ibyerekana uburyo in-tambara ihagaze aho muri Kongo, intambara bamwe be-meza ko yahinduye isura nyuma yaho u Rwanda rugaragarije ko rutazakomeza kurebera intera-hamwe zitegurira muri Kongo gutea u Rwanda. Mu magambo yeruye, iriya ntambara nshya iriho ubu ibonwa nk’intambara y’u Rwanda kurusha uko ari iya Nkunda. Ariko se ni iki mu by’ukuri cyihishe inyuma y’bibera muri Kongo. Ni by-inshi; harimo politiki, ubu-kungu, amateka n’ibindi nkuko ihuriweho na benshi; Kongo, u Rwanda, Nkunda, Interahamwe na MONUC (Loni).

Politiki

Mu rwego rwa politiki, biraga-ragara ko muri Afurika amatora adakemura ibibazo by’abaturage mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose, mu gihe bihari-ahanini kuko aba at-ari amatora aherekejwe n’ukuri. Kabila yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Kongo biciye mu matora. Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’abayobozi benshi ku isi bahise bihutira kuvuga ko amatora ari intambwe ikomeye ya demokar-asi Kongo iciyemo; azabafasha gukemura ibibazo by’inzitane Kongo imazemo imyaka. Niko byagenze? Oya, kuko n’ubu ibyo bibazo birimo kurushaho gu-komera harimo n’iyo mirwano iyobowe na Nkunda ndetse no guterana amagambo n’u Rwanda ku nterahamwe. Ongeraho ko in-gabo za MONUC zariyo mbere y’amatora n’ubu zikiriyo-kubera ibibazo. Nyuma y’amatora, Kabila nibwo

Ukuri kuri Kongo, Nkunda, Interahamwe n’u Rwanda►Interahamwe nk’ikibazo cya politiki, igisubizo cy’ubukungu n’urwitwazo kuri bamwe ►Nkunda nk’ikimenyetso cyuko muri Afurika amatora adakemura ibibazo bya politiki

afite opposition nyinshi, nubwo yatangiye yikiza bamwe nka Yohani Petero Bemba, Thomas Rubanga (wafashwe agafungwa) n’abandi harimo n’abishwe ku butegetsi bwa Kabila. Hakemutse iki? Ntacyo. Urugero ni ukuba Nkunda arwana. Mu rwego rwa politiki na none, Kabila yakomeje umugambi wo guheza abanyarwanda (cyangwa se abanyekongo bavuga ikin-yarwanda) nk’abanyamahanga (abanyarwanda), mu rwego rwo kugira ngo birwaneho kuko bag-aragarijwe urwango rukomeye, n’izo ntambara z’abantu nka Nkunda. Hano byumvikane ko Kabila yirengagije ko ari benshi kandi bafite imitungo hariya za Goma n’ahandi mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu, bashobora gu-fasha abantu nka Nkunda bak-abarinda-bivuga ko niyo batar-wanira gufata igihugu, bagitesha

umutwe baharanira ko bakwe-

merwa nk’abanyekongo. Kujya mu matora, usize icyo kibazo ni ukwirengagiza ikibazo kizagu-kurikirana kandi niko byagenze. Amaherezo ni uko Kabila agomba kwemera akicarana nabo (abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda) bakemerwa nk’abanyekongo bitari uku-beshya, bagahabwa imyanya mu gihugu (imirimo n’ibindi), baka-va mu ntambara zo kwirwanaho Kabila amaze kugaragaza ko atakwivanamo kuko nta gisiri-kare afite.

Ubukungu

Cyakora hejuru y’ibyo bibazo bya politiki, ubu ubukungu nib-wo bwihishe inyuma y’iriya nt-ambara cyane; Kongo ni igihugu gikize, gifite imitungo kamere itabarika. Kugeza ubu amakuru aturuka aho muri Kongo, yer-akana neza ko ubu interahamwe, ingabo za MONUC, Nkunda na bagenzi be ndetse n’ibihugu bikomeye n’ibyo mu karere, birimo gukorera za miliyari kuva mu mabuye ya Kongo kurusha ubutegetsi bwa Kabila. Muri ibyo bikorwa kandi byo gucu-ruza amabuye ya Kongo, benshi muri abo ni magirirane! Interahamwe zimaze gukizwa n’amabuye, ntabwo zikiri inye-shyamba, ni abacuruzi. Muri uko gucukura no gucuruza bakorana neza na MONUC, Nkunda na Kabila. U Rwanda narwo ubu rurabyungukiramo kuko imari nyinshi z’ubwo bucuruzi zinyura mu mabanki i Cyangungu bi-fite icyo bvuze ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda. Ubwo bucuruzi ni impamvu ikomeye ituma ari Kabila, Nkunda na Kabila batak-wihutisha gukemura ikibazo cy’interahamwe! Uko niko kuri.

Na Nkunda uvuga ko azirwanya aruma ahuha, ubucuruzi buga-komeza-bimeze nka bimwe bya Israel n’imitwe nka Hezibollah, irwanya ikongera ikayirema ku-bera inyungu ziyifitiye!

Interahamwe zihita ziba ikiba-zo, zikaba igisubizo zikaba n’urwitwazo byose hamwe; kuko u Rwanda rwinjiye muri Kongo kurwanya interahamwe ntirwavirayo aho rutongereye agaciro ubukungu bwarwo, Nkunda nawe yigumiye hariya amabuye amugeraho nta kibazo, MONUC nazo ntizarota zihava, ari nako na ba shebuja barangiza ibyo bahugiyemo bindi (amato-ra, intambara z’iterabwoba, ibi-hombo by’amabanki n’ibindi) nabo bakazaza gucukura. None se aho kugira ngo interahamwe zikomeze zikizwe n’amabuye, kuki u Rwanda rutajya kuy-abatesha (simvuze kuyasahu-ra)! Kabila rero hano yakomeza kuba ariwe wikururira ibyo byose mu gihugu cye, mu kwi-rengagiza bya bibazo bya politi-ki birimo; guheza abenegihugu bamwe abita abanyarwanda, no guha ibihugu, loni, inyeshy-amba n’abandi impamvu yo gukomeza kujujubya igihugu cya Kongo. Kuko hejuru y’ibyo bikorwa by’interahamwe, MONUC, Nkunda n’u Rwanda rwifuza kujya gutesha in-terahamwe amabuye atuma zigira imbaraga, Kabila iyo bamubwiye gukemura ikibazo cy’interahamwe na Nkunda, we ahita yigira kuzana Abafaransa n’Ababiligi nabo bakaza bire-bera amabuye ya Kongo.

Charles B Kabonero

Interahamwe zi-hita ziba ikiba-zo, zikaba igis-

ubizo zikaba n’urwitwazo

byose hamwe; kuko u Rwanda

rwinjiye muri Kongo kurwan-ya interahamwe

ntirwavirayo aho rutonger-

eye agaciro ubukungu

bwarwo

Ntabwo tuzatera: Amb Sezibera Ararwana intambara yande? Nkunda

Urup. 4 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Ubwanditsi

IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

Igitekerezo

Uko mbyumvana Didas M. Gasana

Dore Uko Tubibona

Kuva ku wa 06 Ukwa-kira 2008, Leta y’u Rwanda yagabanyije

igiciro cya essence ho 4.761%, nkuko byatangajwe na Sekereteri wa Leta ushinzwe ishoramari, ku wa 03 Ukwa-kira 2008. Vincent Karega yakomeje atanga-za ko ibyo byatewe n’igabanuka rya essence ku isoko mpuzama-hanga.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibiciro bya essence na mazutu kuri za sita-siyo byavuye ku mafaranga 924 bigera kuri 880 (essence) naho mazutu igera ku mafaranga 870.Birumvikana ko igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku isoko mpuzamah-anga no mu Rwanda bigom-ba gutuma habaho igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ubwikorezi, ibiciro by’ibiribwa, ariko cyane cyane, gutakaza agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda. Ariko muri ibyo byose, nta na kimwe cyabaye. Ibiri amambu, ibyo biciro bira-komeza kwiyongera.Duhereye ku kiguzi cy’ubwikorezi (transport costs), nta cyagabanu-tse na gito, ahubwo, hari aho by-iyongereye. Haba ku biciro byo mumujyi wa Kigali rwagati, haba n’ibiciro byo kujya mu ntara, nta cyagabanutse.Aho ibiciro byiyongereye nyu-ma yo kugabanuka kw’ibiciro bya essence ni nk’ingendo za Kigali- Butare. Mbere yo ku wa 04 Ukwakira, igiciro cyari hagati y’amafaranga 1300-1600, ariko ubu cyaruriye kigera ku mafar-anga 2000.No ku biribwa ni uko. Nta gaba-nuka rigaragara ryabaye. Ibiciro bya essence bitaramanuka, ari nayo mpamvu ikomeye abacu-ruza ibiribwa bashyiraga imbere. Byarumvikanaga impamvu ikilo cy’inyama cyagura amafaranga 1500, ikilo cy’ibirayi cyikagu-ra amafaranga 140 naho ikilo cy’umuceri kikagura amafaran-ga 700. Ariko ubu nta mpamvu n’imwe rubanda rugufi rukomeza kunyunyuzwa imitsi.Ibiri amambu, igiciro cy’inyama cyariyongereye, naho umuceri n’ibirayi bigabanukaho amafar-anga ari hagati y’atanu na 15 ku kilo.Indi nyungu yakagombye kuga-ragara nyuma yo kumanuka kw’ibiciro bya essence, ni uku-garura agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u

Essence yaragabanutse, ariko abaturage baracyany-unyuzwa imitsi

Rwanda, ariko nabyo ntaby-abaye. Ubwo Karega yatan-gazaga igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya essence, idolari rimwe ryavun-jwaga amafaranga 540, ariko ubu rigeze kuri 550. Twakwibutsa ko guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kageze kuri 13.1%, mu gihe gahunda ya Leta ari uko guta agaciro kw’ifaranga katag-era ku mibare ibiri (katarenga 9%). Nkuko byasobanuwe na Guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’igihugu, Francois Kanimba, ubwo yasohoraga itangazo riga-ragaza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, ku wa 11 Kanama 2008, impamvu y’ingenzi yatu-mye ifaranga rita agaciro ari iza-muka ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.Kuba ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byaramanutse ariko ru-banda rugufi bagakomeza kunyu-nyuzwa imitsi biraduha amasomo abiri akomeye, kandi agaragarira ukeneye kuyabona.Irya mbere ni uko inzego za Leta zituzuzanya mu mikorere yazo, nkabifatanya nuko hari inzego za Leta zisa n’izibereyeho gushakira abantu kazi, banyunyuza imisoro dutanga gusa.Ubwo yatangazaga igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya essence, Vincent Karega yasabye ibigo bishinzwe kurengera abaguzi nka RURA (Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency) kurengera rubanda rugu-fi, ibarinda ababanyunyuza imit-si, igategeka igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ingendo, ariko RURA yater-eye agati mu ryinyo.Ari Minisiteri Karega abereye umunyamabanga wa Leta, ari RURA, byose ni Leta. Mu gihe Karega akora ibyo asabwa, aga-saba izindi nzego gushyira mu bikorwa ibikwiye, izo nzego ziki-raza i nyanza, imbaraga z’urwego Karega akuriye ziba ziburijwemo no guterera iyo kw’izindi nzego nka RURA. Ingaruka ni uko n’ibyo Karega yakoze cyangwa yatangaje, byabaye impfabusa, bityo Leta muri rusange ikaba ikoze ubusa.Inzego zituzuzanya ni nabyo bi-tuma gahunda zimwe na zimwe nziza z’urwego rumwe rwa Leta ziba impabusa. Urugero: Leta yakuyeho imisoro ku biribwa byose bihingirwa mu Rwanda kandi bicururizwa mu Rwanda, ariko ntibyabujije ibiciro by’ibyo

biribwa kuzamuka bikabije.Ugasanga peteroli ivaniweho imisoro 77%, naho mazutu ikava-nirwaho imisoro igera ku 100%, kugira ngo abaguzi barengerwe ariko urwego rushinzwe kubis-hyira mu bikorwa rugakora kurya imisoro yabo gusa.Isomo rya kabiri ni uko aba-nyarwanda bagomba guhaguruka bagaharanira uburenganzira bwa-bo mu gihe cyose inzego zishin-zwe kubarengera zidakora akazi kazo. Guharanira uburenganzira bw’umuntu bisaba ko wowe uba ubuzi. Umuryango nyarwanda ukwiye kuva mu bujiji bwo kum-va ko ibibazo byabo bizakemur-wa n’abategetsi, bo badashyizeho akabo cyangwa se kwiyumvisha ko icyo umunyabubasha runaka ategetse, kigomba gukorwa by-anze bikunze.Ubundi ku isi hose, izamu-ka ry’ibiciro by’ibikenerwa by’ibanze mu buzima, ni ikiba-zo gihangayikisha Leta, atari ukubera ko Leta iba igamije kurengera abaturage bayo 100%, ahubwo ari ukubera ko Leta iba itinya uburakari bw’abaturage. Ibiribwa bikaba aricyo giken-erwa cy’ibanze cya mbere. Mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, iyo ibiciro by’ibiribwa bizamutse, abaturage bajya mu mihanda bakigaragam-bya, cyangwa se ku biro by’inteko ishinga amategeko, n’izindi ngoro zigaragaza imbaraga zabo mu gi-hugu (centers of power). Icyo gi-tutu abaturage botsa Leta nicyo gituma Leta ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo imanure ibyo biciro. Ariko abo baturage baba barabanje kumenya ko Leta ifite inshingano yo kubarinda ibyo bi-garagambiriza.Mu Rwanda ho, Leta yaba ikoze icyo itagombaga gukora cyangwa se ntikore icyo yagombaga guko-ra, abaturage baririra mu byumba byabo gusa. Igihe kirageze ko abanyarwanda bumva ko ubuz-ima bw’igihugu bubareba bose, ko u Rwanda ari ishyirahamwe twese dufitemo imigabane in-gana, bityo tukagira uruhare mu guhindura ibintu bitagenda neza, tukanagira uruhare mu gutuma ibigenda neza birushaho kugenda neza. Cyo nimucyenyere muze tujye kubaza Col Mudenge icyo atumariye.Cellphone: 08691253/ 05109103

E-mail: diga@yahoo.fr

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gushyirwa ahaga-ragara n’umuryango w’abanyeshuri bacitse ku icumu (AERG) bugaragaza ko abacitse ku icumu ry’itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994 bag-era ku 97.567 (ibihumbi mirongo icyenda na birindwi, magana atanu na mirongo itandatu na barindwi bitarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.

Aya makuru akaba ateye agahinda, ku buryo hari abacitse ku icumu basanga ari ukubash-inyagurira.

Bishobora kumvikana ko gutahura ahari ibi-sigazwa by’abazize itsembabwoko hose, bi-toroshye na busa, ariko ikibazo si uko aho ibyo bisigazwa biri, hatazwi.

Ubwo bushakashatsi buratangaza ko ibyo bi-sigazwa byavumbuwe, ariko ubu bikaba bita-rashyingurwa.

Ntibyumvikana ukuntu nyuma y’imyaka 14 jenoside ibaye, haba hakiri ibisigazwa bita-rashyingurwa mu cyubahiro, kandi byaravum-buwe.

Nta kindi kintu na kimwe cyahumuriza aban-yarwanda, cyane cyane abacitse ku icumu, nko kubona abacu baherekezwa bwa nyuma, kandi mu cyubahiro.

Niba ikibazo ari inzibutso za jenoside zihenze kubaka, ibyo bisigazwa bishobora no gushy-ingurwa mu marimbi atandukanye mu Rwan-da, nkuko byagenze ku bisigazwa 851,756 (ibihumbi magana inani na mirongo itanu na kimwe na magana arindwi na mirongo itanu na batanu)

Turasaba dukomeje Leta y’u Rwanda, n’abanyarwanda bose muri rusange, gukora ibishoboka byose ibi bisigazwa bigashyingur-wa mu cyubahiro. Byaba na ngombwa, akaba ari ko kazi kazakorwa mu muganda utaha.

Ibisigazwa bishyingurwe vuba na

bwangu

Urup. 5No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Isesengura

Ku bwanditsi bw’Umu-seso,

Nasomye inyandiko zanyu ze-rekeranye na ruswa mu Rwanda zasohotse mu nomero Umuseso 312 na 313, nanjye mfata ikara-mu ngo ntange umuganda wan-jye. Ubu biravugwa ko mu byo u Rwanda gihugu gifite ibipimo bito muri ruswa mu bihugu bigi-ze umuryango w’Afurika y’ibu-rasirazuba. Nkimara kumva iyi nkuru, narumiwe kuko utanakoze iperereza, ubona ko mu Rwanda ruswa iri ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Gusa itandukanyirizo riri hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibindi bi-hugu, urisanga ku bwiru n’iban-ga biranga ruswa yo mu Rwanda. Nubwo ingero nyinshi mwaziko-mojeho mu minsi yashize, jye ndagira ngo ngaragaze ibintu bibiri byerekana ko ruswa mu Rwanda iri hejuru. Ikintu cya mbere kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari ruswa yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni uko ubuyo-bozi ari bwo soko yo gutera im-bere. Iyi ngingo nubwo abantu benshi batayitaho, ni ipfundo rikomeye rya ruswa. Iyo umuntu ageze mu mwanya w’ubuyobozi, akira mu gihe gito cyane ukiba-za niba ari inguzanyo ya banki cyangwa niba ari uko Leta ihem-ba neza. Sinshaka gutanga ingero kuko ahantu hose ibi byigaragaza ni henshi. Leta igira itya igafata umusore akagirwa umunyama-banga nshingwabikorwa w’umu-renge mu kwezi kwa mbere. Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka akaba ya-guze ivatiri ya miliyoni eshanu, yubatse inzu ya miliyoni icumi, niba yaragabiwe akiri ingaragu akaba ararushinze, agakoresha ubukwe bwa miliyoni eshanu. None se ko uwo munyamabanga nshingwabikorwa aba adahem-bwa byibuze ibihumbi magana inani nka depite, ayo mafaranga yose aba yavuye he ? Warangiza uti mu Rwanda ruswa ni nkeya ! Ubwiganze bw’abayobozi n’imi-ryango yabo mu bucuruzi, ubu bwabaye ikibazo ku bacuruzi b’ibyiciro bitandukanye. Na none maze iminsi nsomye muri iki kinyamakuru inkuru irebana n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi asha-mikiye kuri FPR. Ngaho mbwira ukuntu umucuruzi ufite sosiyete ikora ibintu bimwe n’iby’iya FPR, ikora azahangana nayo ? None wambwira ute ute ko hata-zazamo ruswa ishingiye ku guto-nesha, iterabwoba no kwikanyi-za ? Erega burya nabyo ni ruswa ishingiye ku buyobozi ! Si FPR gusa kuko kimwe mu biranga abayobozi bo mu Rwanda muri iki gihe, ni ukuba banacuruza. Na Perezida Kagame yigeze kubivu-ga ubwo abadepite barwaniraga isoko ryo gusana ingoro y’inteko ishinga amategeko. Icyo gihe yi-hanangirije abayobozi ababuza kwigarurira amasoko atangwa n’inzego za Leta bakuriye, ariko mu by’ukuri yari kubahwitura

Ruswa mu Rwanda irahari, ariko irahishwabakava mu bucuruzi, cyangwa bahitamo gucuruza, bakava mu buyobozi bwa Leta. Kujya mu buyobozi rero igihe cyose ari cyo kiraro cyonyine cyo gutera imbere, ruswa ntabwo izacika, niba ari ryo somo tuzigisha aba-turanyi tugiye guhurira muri East African Community, ntacyo tujyanyeyo muri urwo rwego. Gusa, ni uko uwo muco ugomba kuba naho uriyo ; itandukaniro akaba ari uko ho abayobozi baho bacuruzi, bemera ubwisanzure n’ipiganwa. Ubwo wenda ahari, abayobozi bacu bacuruza, basho-bora kuzigirayo isomo ryo kwe-mera gupiganwa mu bwisanzure n’abandi bacuruzi. Bizaba ari byiza ! Ikibazo ni uko abayo-bozi bo mu Rwanda bakanduza abo muri Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda ingeso yo kwikanyiza no kwikubira. U Burundi bwo ni ki-mwe natwe, kuko urebye umuco wa ruswa ishingiye ku buyobozi twawurazwe n’ababiligi.Ikintu cya kabiri kigaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari ruswa, ariko ikaba igirwa ubwiru n’ibanga, ni uburyo haboneka imyanya myinshi kandi idahemberwa ariko ugasanga abantu barayima-raniramo. Ingero ni nyinshi ariko izikomeye, ni abunzi, inyanga-mugayo muri gacaca, kuba umu-huzabikorwa w’akagari cyangwa uw’umudugudu. Iyi myanya ndetse n’iyo muri za njyanama, nta mishahara igenerwa. Ariko iyo igihe cyo kuyitorera cyageze, ibintu biracika cyane cyane mu byaro. Iyo hari uwakuweho icyi-zere, arira ayo kwarika, ukareba ikintu kimubabaje ukakibura. Ese aba ari urukundo yari afi-tiye igihugu cyangwa abaturage. Sinabihamya ! Abenshi muri aba bayobozi, iyo witegereje imiza-mukire y’ubukungu bwabo, ki-mwe na ba bandi bo mu nzego zo hejuru, usanga bariyubakiye nk’amazu mashya, barihaye ibi-banza imihanda yose, mbese ba-ragwiriye ifaranga. None se ko badahembwa, iyo myanya iba yaratumye imbaraga bari barabu-ze mbere zivumbuka mu ijuru ? Oya tubyemere ko ari ruswa ! Nibanze ku buyobozi, ariko hari n’izindi ngero zigaragaza ko mu Rwanda, hakiboneka imigirire irimo ubwisanzure buke, kandi burya niyo ntandaro ya ruswa. Kugeza ubu, urwego FPR ishi-mirwa ko yazanyemo amaraso mashya, ni uburezi. Ibi rwose ntawe ubihakana, ugereranyije na za Leta zayibanjirije. Ariko rero, iyo umuntu arangije kwiga, Leta ntabwo iterera iyo. None

se bimaze iki gutangaza abana babaye aba mbere mu Rwanda mu barangije amashuri abanza, ugatangaza ababaye aba mbere mu cyiciro rusange cy’amas-huri yisumbuye, ukanatangaza abarushije abandi mu barangije amashuri yisumbuye, byagera ku bazahabwa buruse zo hanze no ku babaye aba mbere muri za kaminuza ukaruca ukarumira ? Mu mashuri abanza abana baba barenga ibihumbi mirongo, mu cyiciro rusange baba bagaba-nutse, mu barangiza amashuri yi-sumbuye na none umubare uka-gabanuka, ababona kaminuza zo hanze n’abarangiza za kaminuza za Leta baba bararirwa ku ntoki ; ni iki gituma bo badatangazwa ko nta kigoye kirimo ? Kubabarura biragoye kurusha muri Primaire na secondaire ? Bisaba amafa-ranga n’abakozi benshi kurusha hariya hambere ? Ikigaragara ni uko hatangiye kuzamo inyungu, ibintu bihinduka. Haba ari uku-

reka umwana ngo ajye kwiga i Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika, haba ari ukurangiza umwana agahabwa umurimo ushimishi-je, nkuko aba yabonye amanota ashimishije, ariko kubera ko ha-jemo inyungu ntibikorwa. None se byo ntabwo ari ruswa ? Impamvu u Rwanda rutagaragara nk’igihugu cyamunzwe na ruswa, ni ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga bu-gerwa ku mashyi. Mu bindi bihu-gu za sosiyete sivile n’amashyaka atari muri guverinoma, nibo baba aba mbere mu kugaragaza ibi-bazo bibangamiye abaturage. Mu bihugu duturanye nka Uganda na Tanzania, ntabwo wapfukirana abantu nkuko mu Rwanda bime-ze. Nabonye ikinyamakuru cya-nyu kibyita gutekinika. Ahandi baratekinika abantu bakabya-magana, abayobozi bagahanya-nyaza, ariko bikanga. None se buriya inyandiko mwanditse ku igurishwa rya IMPRISCO, ukeka ko ari muri ibyo bihugu navuze

haruguru, ntiba yaratumye hari umuminisitiri umwe cyangwa babiri cyangwa se undi muyo-bozi wegujwe ? None ngo tuzi-gisha ibindi bihugu kurwanya ruswa dute? Oya, ahubwo nibyo bizatwigisha kuyirwanya. Kuba ruswa itavugwa, ntibivuze ko hari nkeya ; ndetse n’iyo nkeya usanga ntivugwa, kereka iyo hari umwe mu bayivuzweho ukurwa-ho amaboko. Ni ngombwa rero ko abayobozi bacu bayishyira ku karubanda, noneho n’abayirwa-nya bakamenya uwo barwana nawe n’ingufu afite. Erega ujya kuvura igisebe aragipfukura aga-kanda amashyira akirimo, aka-menya uko kingana n’ububabare gitera nyiracyo, akabona kugis-hyiramo umuti.

Migabo DariusUmusomyi w’Umuseso

Umujyi wa Kigali

Ahakana ko nta ruswa ihari: Toto rutaremara

Urup. 6 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Ubutabera

Nubwo urubanza rw’uwahoze ari umuyobozi mu-

kuru wa banki yahoze yitwa BCDI ubu ikorera ku izina rya ECOBANK, Alfred Kalisa n’ubushinjacyaha rugeze mu rukiko rukuru rwa Repubulika, Kalisa n’abamwunganira baracy-abaza icyo kibazo; Kalisa ara-regwa iki? Iyaba ubushinjacyaha bwa-sobanuraga icyo burega Kalisa? Hari impamvu Kalisa n’abamwunganira bibaza icyo kibazo mu gihe urubanza ru-geze mu bujurire, nyuma yaho ari Kalisa ari ubushin-jacyaha bajuririye icyemezo cy’umucamanza wa mbere. Ni izihe rero? Uru rubanza rugitangira nkuko twagiye tubigarukaho mu nyan-diko zacu, habaye ikibazo cyu-ko ubushinjacyaha bwahisemo kurega Kalisa ku giti cye, ku “byaha” buvuga ko byakorewe muri BCDI. Ubusanzwe banki kimwe n’izindi sosiyete, ifite inama y’ubutegetsi (igizwe aha-nini n’abanyamigabane), ikagira ubuyobozi bukuru, n’inzego ny-inshi zifata ibyemezo bitandu-kanye. Mu kurega Kalisa, ubushinj-cyaha bwamureze ibyaha bine; gushakira inyungu mu byo atemerewe gukora, ubuhemu, kutubahiriza amabwiriza (am-ategeko) ya BNR n’inyandiko mpimbano. Mbere yo gutangiza urubanza mu mizi yarwo, umu-camanza wo mu rukiko rwisum-buye rwa Nyarugenge wabanje kuburanisha uru rubanza akaba yaratangaje ko bidashoboka ko Kalisa yari gukora ibyo bamure-ga wenyine! Ibyo byatangajwe n’umucamanza, kandi ubush-injacyaha ndetse n’abari bagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI icyo gihe bakoraga ibishoboka ngo badakurikiranwa, ntibigeze babijuririra. Ibyo nibyo Umwe muri b’Avoka ba Kalisa, Maitre Francois Rwangampuhwe yagaragarije urukiko rukuru rwa Repubulika mu nteko iyobowe na Perezida warwo Johnstone Businge, ubwo yamwibutsaga ko umu-camanza wa mbere yagaragaje ko Kalisa atashoboraga gukora ibyo bamurega wenyine, kandi ko bitigeze bijuririrwa. Maitre Rwangampuhwe, avuga ko ahubwo bihutiye kurwana no gu-kuraho ingingo y’itegeko yahaga umucamanza ububasha bwo kuba yakurikirana abagize inama y’ubutegetsi bose. Cyakora ngo ubwo byavuzwe n’umucamanza byabaye itegeko ntibisubirwaho. Icyo bivuze ariko (kuba ata-bazwa ibyo aregwa ubu), ari nabyo bisobanura uko kwibaza icyo Kalisa aregwa biragaragari-ra mu kwiregura kwa Kalisa n’abamwunganira. Mu kwire-gura ku birego ashinjwa, Kalisa yagaragaje ko nta cyaha yumva

“Ni iki barega Kalisa?”“Baranshinjisha amagambo gusa, nta bimenyetso, sinumva icyaha ndegwa” Kalisa

aregwa. Dore uburyo yagiye abi-garagaza muri make;

“Ndabazwa ibyakorwaga n’inzego zizwi” Kalisa

Ku kirego cyo kutubahiriza am-abwiriza ya BNR, Kalisa yaso-banuye ko hari ikibazo cyo kwiti-ranya Kalisa na BCDI cyangwa se inzego za Banki (BCDI)! Asobanura ku byo bamurega yagiye agaragaza ahereye ku mategeko n’imikorere ya Banki inzego zakoraga ibikorwa ba-heraho bamushinja. Yagaragaje ko byakorwaga n’inzego za BCDI at-ari Kalisa. Bityo Kalisa yibaza iyo haba icyaha, uwakibazwa? Kalisa cyangwa inzego za BCDI? Hano, Kalisa yagaragaje ibiteg-anywa n’ingigo ya 16 ya sitati ya BCDI ivuga uburyo inzego zakor-aga muri BCDI akavuga ko kumu-kurikirana nk’umuntu bidashobo-ka. Muri make, habayeho n’icyaha cyabazwa Inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI cyangwa inzego zakoraga ibikorwa runaka. Kalisa yibajije kenshi impamvu ibyakorwaga n’inzego ziteganywa n’amategeko bibazwa Kalisa. Avuga ku nguzanyo yafashe muri BCDI, Kalisa yagaragaje ko nta tegeko ryigeze ryicwa, yerekana ko mu gufata inguzanyo kwe, komite zibishinzwe zamugenzuye nk’abandi bakiriya, agatanga in-gwate ndetse akanishyura. Kalisa

yibajije impamvu babimurega kandi ntibagaragaze ingwate yatanze. Ati; “iyo bagaragaza izo ngwate bari gusanga nta ya mibare iteganywa ntagombaga kurenza itarenga, ariko ubushinjacyaha ntibubigaragaza, kuki?” Hano, Kalisa yavuze ko nta bimenyetso nta bike ubushinjacyaha bugarag-aza, kandi yibaza n’impamvu ba-tabazaga niba hari ibyo batumva cyangwa batazi. Yongeyeho ko banki iba ibifite. Ku mwenda SAKIRWA yafashe muri BCDI, avuga ko yatanzwe na BCDI mu buryo bukurikije amat-egeko n’abandi bagenderagaho, hatangwa ingwate ndetse iza no gusabwa gutanga indi ngwate (ad-ditional), itanga Land title. Kalisa ati; “Nta tegeko ryishwe.” Kalisa yakomeje agaragaza uburyo byinshi mu byo aregwa ari ibintu byakorwaga n’inzego za BCDI, bikava muri BCDI bijya muri BNR, muri make byakorwa-ga hagati ya BCDI na BNR, nta cyabazwa Kalisa nk’umuntu.

“Hari itegeko ribuza amasosi-yete abiri umuntu afitemo im-igabane gukorana?”

Ku kirego cyo gushakira inyungu mu mirimo atemerewe gukora, Kalisa yabajije niba mu Rwanda hari itegeko ribuza amasosiyete abiri cyangwa menshi umuntu afitemo imigabane gukorana?

Hano yavugaga ku kibazo bamu-shinja cyuko amasosiyete afitemo imigabane nka AFRIMOTOR, AFRITEL RFCN zahawe amaso-ko muri BCDI. Kalisa abwiwe ko ashinjwa ko yabigizemo uruhare kugira ngo ayo masosiyete abo-ne amasoko muri BCDI, Kalisa yababije icyo bashingiraho bavuga ko yabigizemo uruhare, ahubwo we agaragaza ibimenyetso byuko byakozwe hakurikijwe amabwiri-za n’amategeko ya BCDI, akibaza rero uko we nk’umuntu cyangwa umuyobozi wa BCDI azamo? Kalisa yagaragaje ko inzego za BCDI zemewe ari zo zatangaga ayo masoko hakurikijwe ibyo amategeko ateganya, yerekena ko hari kontaro zabyo, yibaza ikime-nyane bavuga aho bagihera. Kuri AFRIMOTOR, yakodesheje inzu BCDI, Kalisa yabajije ati; “niba bumva ko iyo nzu yubatswe ku-gira ngo BCDI iyikodeshe, baba-jije igihe yubakiwe n’igihe BCDI yayikodeshereje? Bati; “yabahaga amafaranga meshi”, hano Kalisa yasomye mu mategeko agenga iby’amasoko ko icyasabwaga ari ugukoresha amafaranga make ariko ntibaburizemo quality yas-abwaga. Ibyo akavuga ko byagen-zurwaga n’inzego zibishinzwe, ntaho ahurira nabyo. Yongeyeho ko iyo habamo ikibazo cyagom-bye kubazwa inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI (abanyamigabane). Ku isoko ryahawe RFCN, Kalisa ya-

gize ati; “Ese iyo sosiyete yash-inzwe kugira ngo ihabwe amasoko na BCDI ko ariko ubushinjacyaha bubivuga? None se batubwira iyo sosiyete iyo ariyo? Aho ikorera? Ikorera BCDI gusa? Bajya kureba imirimo ikora? Amafaranga ya-habwaga buri kwezi (USD15.000) niba bavuga ko ari menshi, ba-tubwira abandi ayo baca? None se BCDI yashatse kuyirukana, Kalisa arabyanga?”

“Baranshinjisha amagambo gusa, nta bimenyetso”

Kalisa yagaragaje inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’uburyo amasoko yatangwaga, yerekana ko abagenzuzi b’imari bashy-irwaho n’inama y’ubutegetsim bakemezwa na BNR atari Kalisa, abaza aho bahera bavuga KO ibyo bakoraga byabazwa Kalisa? Ku itangwa ry’amasoko, Kalisa yanagaragaje ko mu rugero kuri RFCN yahawe isoko ryo gu-kora no gukurikirana ibyuma kabuhariwe bakoreshaga muri Banki, hapiganye amasosiyete agera kuri ane harimo sosiyete nka za ENTREGERE, Seven Seas Technologies n’andi, ha-banje kubaho kubyamamaza, bi-kurikirana byose uko amategeko abiteganya n’inzego zibishinzwe, ihabwa ikiraka, yibaza rero icyo bamuregamo nka Kalisa. Ku by’amafaranga kuba men-

Ni inyungu z'ubutabera cyangwa? Alfred Kalisa Yahaze ababuranyi ibibazo bitoroshye: Johnstone Businge

Urup. 7No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Ubutabera

“Ni iki barega Kalisa?”shi cyangwa make, yaribajije ati’ “nicyo cyaha? Ubushinjacyaha nibuvuge ayo ayandi mabanki ya-koreshaga, bakoreshaga angahe kuri izo serivisi? None se ko hari kontaro BCDI yagiranye n’ayoma sosiyete, ni gute icyaha cyava muri Kontaro? Nta cyaha nde-gwa numva. Sinumva icyaha nde-gwa?” Yakomeje agira ati: “nta mugambi bagaragaza nari mfite, uruhare nabigizemo, baranshinji-sha amagambo gusa.” Kuri iryo tangwa ry’amasoko Kalisa yabitinzeho cyane, yibaza ibibazo byinshi; yagize ati; “niba tuvuga gutanga isoko, ikireb-wa ni iki? Habaye kwamamaza isoko? Byarabaye. Gusubiza? Byarakozwe. Guhitamo abapi-gana? Byarakozwe. Byakozwe nande? Yerekanye gihamya zuko kuri ayo masoko yose, byakor-waga na komite ishinzwe gutanga amasoko, aheraho avuga ko iyo ubushinjacyaha bumureka aga-fungurwa, yari kubufasha ku-bona amakuru budafite. Aho niho yahereye agira ati; “Njye mfite ibimenyetso byuko amategeko n’amabwiriza byakurikijwe, none ubushinjyacyaha nibugaragaze ko amategeko yishwe n’uruhare nabigizemo.”

“Inyandiko mpimbano irihe?” Abavoka

Mu gukomeza kwibaza icyo Kalisa aregwa, abavoka ba Kalisa, Maitre Rwangampuhwe, Maitre Rwihandagaza na Maitre Bigaraba babajije inyandiko Kalisa are-gwa aho igaragara. Umucamanza ati; “ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko byakozwe n’abakozi wahaye akazi wanahembaga.” Kalisa hano yagaragaje ko atari we wa-haga akazi abagenzuzi b’imari muri BCDI, akavuga ko raporo z’imari n’micungire, ari ku byitwa Position Net d’echange n’ibindi (ni tekiniki za banki, umunyamakuru adashaka kwinjiramo), byakor-waga n’abashinzwe icungamari, bikagenzurwa n’abagenzuzi b’imari, bikoherezwa muri BNR ari nayo ishinzwe kugenzura amabanki. Yanerekanye ko we ahabwa kopi gusa. Hano yibajije impamvu abibazwa. Uwo muny-emari kuri iyo ngingo yasoje agira ati; “Nta kimenyetso cy’inyandiko mpimbano kigeze kigaragarizwa ubucamanaza kuva twatangira kuburana-ahubwo hagaragara ko hari ibyo abantu batumva neza. Kuki batabajije? Kuki badashaka abahanga (experts) ngo babaso-banurire?”

Abavoka be bo bagaragaje ko kugira ngo habeho icyaha cyo guhimba inyandiko, iba ihari igaragara, ariko ko ntayo, ahub-wo ko ubushinjacyaha buzana raporo zakorwaga bukavuga ko ari mpimbano nta bimenyetso. Maitre Rwihandagaza yaje no kugaruka ku kibazo cy’inguzanyo Kalisa yafashe muri BCDI avuga ko uretse kuba zarubahirije am-ategeko, niyo habamo ikibazo, Kalisa akaba yarafashe inguzanyo zirenze izemewe ndetse nkuko ubushinjcyaha bubivuga hakaba hari n’imibare banki yahinduraga ibeshya BNR, byabazwa abari babishinzwe babikoraga mu nsh-ingano, bitabazwa Kalisa. Ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje ku-vuga ko icyaha cy’inyandiko mpimbano bukirega uwitwa Eugen Rutajoga, wagizwe umwere n’umucamanza wo mu rukiko rwa mbere, ko Kalisa aregwamo ubufatanya-cyaha. Rutajoga ya-hoze ari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucungamari muri BCDI. Maitre Rwangampuhwe nawe yaje kuvuga ko ku kibazo cy’inguzanyo bavuga ko Kalisa yahaye bene wabo (murumuna we Katarebe na mushiki we Beatrice zihabwa amasosiyete yabo Lantech na Rwanda Flora), ari ibihimbano kuko nka mu-shiki we yahawe inguzanyo na BNR ku mafaranga y’umushinga wa RSSP, amafaranga anyuzwa muri BCDI. Rwangampuhwe ati; “Cyereka niba ari BNR yabazwa gutonesha BCDI icishamo ayo mafaranga”. Yanavuze ko iyo Rwanda Flora atari sosiyete ya Beatrice bwite, ahubwo afitemo imigabane. Kuri Lantech, avuga ko yatanze n’ingwate ya banki yo mu Busuwisi, ku buryo bwari ubucuruzi bwumvikana, atumva icyaha cyavamo cyo gutonesha. Ikibazo gikomeye nkuko Maitre Rwangampuhwe yabigarutseho ni uko Kalisa abazwa ibyakor-waga n’inzego harimo ibyari in-shingano z’inama y’ubutegetsi, iby’abagenzuzi b’imari kuko batigeze bakurikiranwa. Twabibutsa ko ibi byavugirwaga mu rukiko rwa Repubulika aho urubanza rwaburanishirizwaga mu rwego rw’ubujrire . Abunganira Kalisa bati; “Ubushinjacyaha buravuga ko Kalisa yahaye abantu akazi baga-kora inyandiko mpimbano, Kalisa akerekana ko abo bantu bashy-irwagaho na BNR, atari we wa-bashyiraho, bakavuga ko yishe amategeko ya BNR, akerekana ko uretse no kuba nta mategeko

yishwe, niyo haba harabaye icy-aha, cyabazwa inzego zakoraga ibyo bikorwa, inyandiko mpim-bano ntizigaragazwa, bakavuga ko yatanze inguzanyo akoresheje ikimenyane akerekana uko za-tangwaga n’abazitangaga, bati yihaye amasoko, akerekana uko yatanzwe hakurikijwe amabwi-riza yanditse ya sosiyete, none ni iki barega Kalisa?” Ku kibazo cy’amafaranga yu-batse igorofa rya BCDI, aho ubushinjacyaha bumushinja ko mu gihe yari yabujijwe na Banki nkuru y’Igihugu, kurenza amafa-ranga angana na miliyari ebyiri n’igice z’amanyarwanda (Frw 2,500,000,000), yakoresheje aka-bakaba miliyari esheshatu (Frw 6,000,000,000). Kalisa yatangarije urukiko ko hari kontaro (contracts) z’uburyo ibintu byose byakozwe, akaba nkuko yabisubiyemo ken-shi atangazwa nuko zitigeze zi-garagarizwa urukiko kuko arizo zafasha mu mpaka zagibwa kuri icyo kibazo. Uko kutagaragaza izo kontaro zakozwe hagati ya BCDI n’abakoraga imirimo yo kubaka ririya gorofa, ni kimwe mu bisa naho bishimangira kutagaragaza

ibimenyetso by’ubushinjacyaha.

“Kalisa yari afite nyngu ki mu kubeshya?” Umucamanza

Ikindi cyaje gukurura impaka ndende n’umucamanza John stone Businge akakibazaho byin-shi, ni aho ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Kalisa ibyo yakoze byose yari agamije guhisha imibare nyakuri kuri BCDI, ashaka kugaragaza ko yunguka kugira ngo aburizemo icyifuzo cya BNR cyuko baza-mura imari shingiro ya banki. Abajijwe inyungu Kalisa yari abi-fitemo, umushinjacyaha yavuze ko yarwanaga ku migabane ye yashoborga kugabanuka bikozwe, ariko ntiyasobanura neza ko ariwe warwanaga ku migabane ye cy-angwa niba ariko abanyamigabane bose babyifuzaga ku buryo baba aribo babikoze bashaka kurinda imigabane yabo bose. Hano naho Kalisa n’abamwunganira baga-ragaje ko ari ugushinja, nta bime-nyetso bitangwa. Ubushinjacyaha ariko buvuga ko bwatanze ibimenyetso bish-oboka, ko niba bumva batabyem-era, batavuga ko bidahari, bi-

byita ko batabyemera. Niyo mpamvu bwashoje mu myanzuro bwongera gusaba urukiko gu-hanira Kalisa ibyo byaha, ruka-muhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 muri gereza, rukanamutegeka gutanga ihazabu ya miliyoni cumi n’imwe y’amanyarwanda (Frw 11,000,000). Urukiko rwaburanishije uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere rwari rwakatiye Kalisa igifungo cy’amezi makumyabiri n’arindwi. Eugene Rutajoga wari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubucungamari muri BCDI, we bamusabiye imyaka 10 y’igifungo, mu kuburana we n’umwunganira nabo bakaba baragagaje ko nta kimenyetso nta kimwe bagaragaza cyuko yakoze inyandiko mpimbano. Kalisa n’abamwinganira bo bas-abye urukiko ko ruzemeza ko nta bimenyetso ubushinjyaha bwaga-ragaje, rukamugira umwere. Ikindi bagaragaje ni uko uretse no kuba nta bimenyetso, nta cyaha Kalisa aregwa nka gatozi, nabyo urukiko rwazabigaragaza. Urubanza ru-zasomwa ku ya 14 Ugushyingo, 2008.

Habuhazi Innocent

Inyubako ya BCDI, ubu yahindutse Ecobank, itavugwaho rumwe n'ababuranyi

Urup. 8 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

Umubano hagati y’intara ya Rhénanie-Palatinat n’u Rwanda

(Igice cya Kabiri)

Ibikorwa byacu

Umubano wihariye hagati y‘u Rwanda n’intara ya Rhénanie-Palatinat ushingiye ku nzego zibanze, bivuze ko abaturage bo hasi aribo iki gitekerezo gishingiyeho. Uyu mubano utandukanye n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubutabazi,urugero:Oxfam, Care cg ikigo cy’abadage cy'ubutwererane mu by'iterambere. Iyi miryango usanga iba ihagararaye abandi. Mu myumvire yacu abaturage ubwabo nibo bagomba kugaragaza ibyo bakeneye bakabigaragariza abandi bityo impande zombi

zikumvikana uko byashyirwa mu bikorwa,icyo bivuze nkuko bigaragara mu nkuru yasohotse mu mvaho N0, 24.Nyakanga –uyu mubano wigaragaza iyo abaturage b’impande zombi bitabiriye kandi bagahora bahana amakuru.Kugeza ubu hari uturere 52 two muri Rhénanie-Palatinat dufitanye umubano na hafi imirenge 190 mu Rwanda

hari kandi umubano ushingiye kuri za paruwasi n‘izindi nzego. Bityo rero ugaragara muri buri karere.

NI URUHE RUHARE RW’IBIRO MPUZABIKORWA? Ibiro mpuzabikorwa biri i Kigali byashyizweho kugira ngo bihuze . impande zombi,bifasha mu korohereza itumanaho hagati y’impande zombi,igafasha mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga n’ikurikiranwa ryayo.Ibiro mpuzabikorwa bifite amashami atatu ajyanye n’ibikorwa byibandwaho,ayo mashami ni iry’ubwubatsi,imibereho myiza y’abaturage n ‘udushinga duto tubyara umusaruro,hamwe n’ishami ry’umubano hagati y’amashuri.Dufite abakozi bagera kuri 15, bakora bagamije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mubano,ikigamijwe n’uko inkunga igera ku baturage cyangwa abo ireba ubwabo,twirinda uko dushoboye kwishyura ibitari ngombwa, ntidufasha imiryango ihagarariye abandi,twifuza gukorana n’baturage aribo banyiri ubwite ubwabo.Kandi twifuza ko hagaragara uruhare rwabo,ubushake,ubwitange babigira ibyabo.Twibaza ko aribwo buryo bwonyine butanga ikizere gihoraho. Duhereye kuri iyi myumvire

– ishingiye ku bibazo bwite by’abaturage – ibikorwa byacu bigaragara mu rwego: ibikorwa remezo:harimo kwubaka amashuri , amavuriro, ibigo byigisha imyuga ( CFJ), rimwe na rimwe inzu mberabyombi.Hazamo kandi ibikorwa byo gutanga amazi,hatunganywa amavomero,ingomero n’ibigega by’amazi,hamwe na hamwe hashyirwa udushami duto dutanga amashanyarazi ash-ingiye ku mirasire y’izuba. Mu rwego rw’Uburezi dufasha mu gutanga ibikoresho by’ishuri ku banyeshuri n’imfashanyigisho z’abarimu. Dufasha abanyeshuri tubagurira imyenda y’ishuri,kubishyurira amafaranga y’ishuri.Hafashwa kandi mu gutanga ibikoresho by’imyuga mu bigo byigisha imyuga ,harimo kandi gahunda yo guhugurana binyuze mu guhererekanya abanyeshuri,urugero nk’ibigaragara mu mubano

wihariye uri hagati ya KIST na kaminuza ya Kaiserslautern Dufite abana bafashwa mu mashuri barenga 2500 na hafi ibigo by’amashuri 300 bifite umu-bano wihariye.Hari na gahunda yo amahugurwa ngiro ategurwa,urugero: buri mwaka hari itsinda ry’abaganga riza gufatanya n’abanyarwanda mu bitaro bya Ruli. Vo, que audees! Irmis bonteremus laris, nos consul teatiu viri is vaste nium tra, fur. AhalaMu rwego rw’imishinga ijyanye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ,irebana no gufa-sha abana,abarwayi, abantu bafite ubumuga, ababana n’ubwandu bwa SIDA,impfubyi n’abatagira kivurira.Tunafasha kandi udushinga twa sport nk’umupira w’amaguru w’abategarugori n’amakipi y’abamugaye .Mu rwego rw’udushinga duciriritse tubyara inyungu, dufasha abaturage mu kwibumbira mu makoperative mato mato,ubucuruzi bubafasha kubyaza umusaruro ibyo bacuruza.Ibikorwa dukora biranyuranye biturutse ku busabe bw’abaturage ubwabo urutse n’abadage bo muri Rhenanie Palatinat Baba bafite imipaka itabemerera kurangiza ibibazo byose bituma byibuza habaho gufasha intangiriro y’umushinga.Umutungo aho uturuka: Byakabaye byumvikana aho umutungo ukoreshwa mu mishinga itandukanye yagezezweho uturuka aribyo bigara-gaza by’ukuri ishingiro ry’uyu mubano aho abaturage ubwabo,abanyeshuri,ibice bitandukanye by’abaturage bitaretse n’abantu ki giti cyabo muri Rhenanie Palatinat bakora uturimo dutandukanye twinjiza amafaranga muri gahunda yo gushaka icyakemura ikibazo bagejejweho ‘incuti zabo z’abanyarwanda,byaba ngombwa leta ya Rhenanie Palatinat nayo ikagira ayo yongera ho.

Icyerekezo cy’imbere: Gushyira imbaraga cyane mu nzego zo hasiTureba uburyo hashyirwaho komite za jumelage aho zitari zikanahugurwaHakomeza guhugurwa abayobozi b’ibanze ku bijyanye n’uyu mubano Ibi bigakorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda ya leta y’u Rwanda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi.

Kugira ngo habeho gukurikirana ibikorwa , hari ibiganiro by’uko hajya habaho inama ngaruka mwaka zihoraho hagati ya ministeri zombi mu rwego rwo kureba ibyihutirwa no gushimangira guhana amakuru no kurebera hamwe ibyagezweho. Dufite icyizere kandi dushimishijwe no kwagura uyu mubano, kugira ngo abanyarwanda n’abadage barusheho kumenyana kandi bivuze ko uyu mubano uterekeye inzira imwe gusa bireba impande zombi. Bityo rero murakaza neza ku biro byacu kugira ngo mudufashe kubaka uyu mu-bano no mu gihe mu keneye amakuru y’inyongera.

Murakaza neza

Ibiro byacu hafi ya Serena Hotel

Ikigo nderabuzima cya Cyondo

Urup. 9Kwamamaza

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Urup. 10 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Igitekerezo

Hashize imyaka myinshi ibihugu byo ku mugabane w’Afurika bigerageza kwishyira hamwe,

ngo bibe byakora Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika. Icyo gihugu cyaheze mu nzozi, kibayeho cyaba ari igihugu cy’igihangange, urebye ubukungu ka-mere cyaba kibitse mu butaka bwacyo.

Iki gitekerezo cya vuba kuko mu myaka yabanjirije ubwigenge bw’ibihugu by’Afurika, abanyepolitiki baharaniraga ubwigenge, bari bafite network isa n’iganisha aho. Igihugu cyabimburiye ibindi kwigenga mu byari bikoronijwe byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa sahara, ni Ghana yari iyobowe na Kwame Nkurmah. Ubwo hari mu 1957. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, Guinea ya Sekou Touré nayo yigobotora ingoyi y’abafaransa. Mu 1960, haje uruvunge rw’ubwigenge, ku buryo ibihugu byasigaye mu buja bw’abakoloni ahanini ari ibyari bikoronijwe na Portugal. Mu myaka nk’itatu yakurikiyeho, ibihugu byari byasigaye nk’u Rwanda, u Bugande, Tanganyika n’ibindi nabyo byari byamaze kubona ubwigenge. Mu 1963, intambwe ya mbere yaratewe ubwo abakuru b’ibihugu bashingaga umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika OAU. Hagati aho ariko ibihugu by’i Burayi ntibyishimiye umugambi w’abaperezida b’Afurika wo gukora igihugu kimwe cy’igihangange. Ni muri urwo rwego batangije amatiku n’umwiryane muri abo baperezida, ku buryo bacitsemo ibice binahanganye ku mugaragaro.

Ba mpemuke ndamuke barushije ingufu inyangamugayo

Abaperezida bari bakomeye kuri Leta imwe ya Afurika, ni Kwame Nkurmah wa Ghana, umwami Hailé Selasie wa Ethiopia, Hamani Diori wa Niger, Modibou Keita wa Mali, Sylvio Olympio wa Togo, Keneth Kawunda wa Rhodezia y’amajyaruguru (yaje kuba Zambia), Patrice Lumumba wa RDC, Julius Nyerere wa Tanzania na Amilcar Cabral wo muri Guinea Bissau n’ibirwa bya Cap Vert. Hari n’abaperezida barwanyaga icyo gitekerezo, mbese muri make biyemeza gukorera abanyaburayi barwanya bagenzi babo. Ku isonga ry’abo baperezida hari Félix Houphouet Boigny wa Cote d’Ivoire, Leopold Sedar Senghor wa Senegal, Amhadou Ahidjo wa Kameruni, na Jomo Kenyata wa Kenya. Hari n’abaperezida batari bafite umurongo n’umwe nka ba Namdi Azikiwe wa Nigeria, Gregoire Kayibanda wo mu Rwanda n’abandi. Uyu mwiryane wakajijwe n’intambara y’ubutita, abaperezida bashakaga Afurika imwe bashyigikirwa na Repubulika zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, ababarwanya bashyigikirwa n’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’Amerika. Abanyaburayi babinyujije kuri ba baperezida barwanya Afurika imwe, batangije kudeta, ubwicanyi no guteza imvururu mu bihugu bitegekwa n’abaperezida bifuza ko habaho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika. Aba arishwe Partice Lumumba muri Kongo mu 1960, aramukurikiye Silvio Olympio

Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Afurika : Igihugu cy’i Kanani

► Imbarutso ivuye mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba !► Intambara z’urudaca, intambamyi z’iyo paradizo

muri Togo mu 1963, aba aragiye Namdi Azikiwe wa Nigeria na Kwame Nkurmah wa Ghana mu 1966 n’abandi bakurikiraho.Usibye gutuma Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika zihera mu nzozi, uyu mwiryane watumye mu bihugu byinshi, Leta zihinduka iz’ibitugu ku buryo bukabije, uburenganzira bwa muntu burahungabanywa bikomeye na za kudeta zihinduka umuco. Ibihugu byasigaye ni mbarwa, ku buryo ku bihugu byabonye ubwigenge mu myaka ya za 1960, ahataraba guhirika ubutegetsi ku ngufu, ni muri Tanzaniya, Senegal, Kenya na Kameruni gusa. Aho umuyaga wa demukarasi wongeye guhuhira muri Afurika intambara y’ubutita irangiye, cya gitekerezo cyo kubaka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika cyongeye kugaruka. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika OAU uba usimbuwe n’umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe AU. Ariko noneho, abakuru b’ibihugu bakaba baravuze ko ibyo bintu bigomba gukorwa ku buryo bwitondewe, hakabanza hakaba imiryango ihuza ibihugu bituranye, bigahera ku bumwe bushingiye ku bukungu, ifaranga rimwe, hagaheruka ubumwe bushingiye kuri politiki na Leta imwe.

Imbarutso mu majyepfo n’uburasirazuba ?\

Kugeza ubu, imiryango ihuza ibihugu bituranye isa naho yatangiye iyo gahunda, ni CEDEAO/ECOWAS ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’uburengerazuba, SADEC ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyepfo, COMESA ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyepfo n’iburasirazuba, IGAD ihuza ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba n’ihembe by’Afurika na EAC ihuza ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. Iyi miryango yose niyo Leta zunze ubumwe z’Afurika zizubakiraho, uyu mushinga nuramuka uvuye mu nzozi no mu mpapuro.Iyi miryango tuvuze haruguru, yagiye itangira ibikorwa bigana iyo nzira. Ugeze kure cyane akaba ari EAC, ubu igeze kure igikorwa cyo gukusanya ibitekerezo kuri Leta imwe ihuje ibihugu biyigize ari byo Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, u Burundi n’u Rwanda. Mu bindi bice naho baragerageza, ariko henshi usanga hakiri ikibazo cy’amakimbirane n’intambara ari hagati y’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bihuriye mu muryango umwe cyangwa imiryango ibiri yegeranye. Urugero ni nka Ethiopia na Eritrea bihuriye muri COMESA na IGAD. Urundi, ni Kongo iri muri SADEC n’u Rwanda ruri muri EAC na COMESA. Izi nzitizi zikaba zishobora gukomeza kuba intambamyi y’iki gihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Afurika, bamwe bagereranya n’igihugu cy’i Kanani, Uwiteka yari yarasezeranyije Musa n’abisiraheri igihe bari mu buja mu Misiri.Nkuko bigaragara mu itangazo ry’inama

y’abaminisitiri ba guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008, i Kampala mu gihugu cya Uganda, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2008 hazateranira inama idasanzwe y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize umuryango wa EAC. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo, haterane inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize imiryango ya EAC, COMESA na SADEC. Nubwo iryo tangazo ry’inama y’abaminisitiri ritavuga ingingo iyo nama ya kabiri izigaho, biragaragara ko iri mu rwego rwo gushaka kureba ukuntu iyo miryango yahurizwa hamwe ikaba intango yo gukora ubumwe mu bya politiki biganisha kuri Leta imwe. Icyakora nkuko twabivuze haruguru, ibibazo biracyari byose. Ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’Afurika, hafi ya byose biri muri SADEC, hakiyongeraho na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Ibyo mu burasirazuba hafi ya byose bikaba muri COMESA usibye Tanzania na Kongo. Na none ibihugu hafi ya byose byo mu majyepfo y’Afurika bikaba muri COMESA usibye Afurika y’epfo na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Ndetse COMESA yo iranakomeza igafata ibihugu byo mu barabu nka Misiri na Lybia. Ni ukuvuga ko inama ya Kampala, izahuza abakuru b’ibihugu kuva Afurika y’epfo kugera mu Misiri.

Kongo n’u Rwanda, Eritrea na Ethiopia, inzitizi

Iyi nama ikaba izaterana mu gihe ikibazo cya kongo gikomeje gutera inkeke, cyane cyane gishyamiranya u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Kongo. Nubwo ntawakwemeza uko bizaba bimeze icyo gihe, ikigaragara ni uko iyo nama niramuka ishatse guhuriza hamwe iyo miryango, ntabwo bizoroha. Ku bindi bihugu nta kibazo. Ariko ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda na Kongo, n’uruhande rwa Ethiopia na Eritrea ntibazabyumva kimwe.Ku kibazo cya Kongo, guverinoma ya Kabila irashinja u Rwanda gushyigikira abayirwanya bayobowe na Gen. Laurent Nkunda. U Rwanda narwo rugashinja guverinoma ya Kongo kuba ifatanyije n’interahamwe ziganditse mu mashyamba y’icyo gihugu, zikaba zibangamiye umutekano w’u Rwanda. Iki kibazo ubu kikaba gishobora gukurura indi ntambara yahurirwamo n’ibihugu bigize EAC, SADEC na COMESA, nkuko byagenze mu mwaka wa 1998. Ibi bihugu rero byibumbiye mu muryango umwe ugana ku bumwe bwa politiki, nta shiti ko ikibazo cyakwikemura, kuko inyungu zaba zimwe, imipaka ikavaho, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu rugahinduka nko kuva mu kagari ujya mu kandi.Hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea naho ibintu ntibirasubira mu buryo. Ibyo bihugu bikaba byarigeze kurwana mu ntambara yahoshejwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye.

Bikaba byarapfaga akagobe kageza Ethiopia ku nyanja itukura, Eritrea ivuga ko ari akayo. Mu minsi ishize ibyo bihugu bikaba byaranasekuraniye muri Somalia. Kubihuriza hamwe rero bikaba byakemura iki kibazo kuko nta bibazo by’imipaka byakongera kubaho.Ikibazo akaba ari ukumenya niba, abaperezida bo muri ibi bihugu bazashobora ibyananiye abababanjirije. Ese abanyaburayi noneho bazabyemera ? Igisubizo kiragoye ariko urebye ubusahuzi bwakomeje gukorerwa Afurika na n’ubu bugikomeza ; icyizere ni gike. Urebye ukuntu abaperezida bariho ubu bakunda amafaranga, ukagereranya nuko abaharaniye ubwigenge bitwaraga, usanga uyu mugambi wo guhuriza hamwe aka karere uzahera mu mpapuro. Kandi amafaranga no kwigwizaho umutungo, nibyo abanyaburayi bashoboje ibisambo basimbuje abaperezida bari bakomeye ku mugambi wo kubaka Afurika nk’igihugu kimwe. Uwagira ngo iki ni ikinyoma azabaze ukuntu Kwame Nkurmah yapfuye atagira n’urwara rwo kwishima, yarayoboye igihugu imyaka umunani. Nyamara Félix Houphouet Boigny ni umwe mu baperezida batangije umuco wo kwizihiza za mamiliyari kuri konti. Ingero ni nyinshi, ariko igikuru ni uko abaperezida b’ibihugu byo muri aka karere bazahurira i Kampala ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2008, bakwiye kuzirikana ko igihe kigeze ngo intambara, amakimbirane bihemberwa no gushaka kuronka byinshi n’ubwikanyize bukabije ; ari nabyo bisenya imigambi myiza bahoza mu mvugo zabo ariko ingiro ikabura. Birinze urukundo rukabije rw’amafaranga, bakarya duke nkuko abaturage babo bitungiwe n’ubusa, babasha guhangana n’abasahura Afurika, ari nabo ba nyirabayazana bo kutabaho kwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Afurika, igihugu cy’i Kanani, Uwiteka yasezeranyije abanyafurika.

Gasore ZachéeIntara y’amajyepfo

Azageza Afurika i Kanani? Perezida Museveni

Urup. 11No 313, 03-10 Ukwakira 2008 Uburenganzira bwa muntu

Akarere ka Kicukiro karengenyije Pasteur Mudahinyuka

Jackson , uhagarariye HOSTA Evangelical Centre, Kicukiro. Nkuko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yabitangarije Ikinyamakuru Umuseso mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru, Akarere ka Kicukiro kanze kumuha Autorisation de Bâtir kandi yarayitangiye ikiguzi cyayo gisabwa n’ibindi by-angombwa byose mu karere nk’uko babimusabye.Akarere ka Kicukiro ntikam-wimye ibyangombwa gusa kuko kasenye n’inyubako za HOSTA Centre de Santé ya Gatenga, zifite agaciro ka miriyoni mirongo cy-enda (90.000.000Frw).Nkuko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yakomeje abitangari-za Umuseso, muri gahunda ya HOSTA Evangelical, yagombaga kwitabaza abaterankunga (Donors) batandukanye, ibyo kandi bakaba bari bamaze kubigeraho kugira ngo bafashe abantu batishoboye nkuko babigaragarije abayobozi b’igihugu batandukanye.Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson (Representant Legal) wa HOSTA Evangelical Centre yagiye gu-saba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro ikibanza ahitwa mu Gatenga ahegereye irimbi bashy-inguramo abantu, icyo kibanza kikaba nta gikorwa cyakorerwaga-mo mbere.Akarere karamwemereye, ndetse kamuha Attestation de Collaboration na Fiche Cadastral y’ikibanza cyo kubakamo Centre de Santé muri Gatenga. Attestation de Collaboration ikaba yarasinywe na Meya w’Akarere ka Kicukiro kubera gahunda nziza Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka yari aza-niye abanyarwanda, yo kubafasha mu gikorwa cy’ubuzima.Pasteur Mudahinyuka yeretse abayobozi b’Akarere ka Kicukiro igishushanyo ngenderwho (Plan) cy’inyubako ashaka kuhashyi-ra, barayemera, bamuha Fiche Cadastrale, yishyura imisoro ya Location 2007 na 2008 (Land Rent) na Bornage; ndetse aza no kubwirwa amafaranga yishyurwa kugira ngo ahabwe Autorisation de Bâtir, nayo arayishyura.Pasteur Jackson yahise atu-miza impuguke mu bwubatsi (Enginineers) i Bugande, azana n’ibikoresho byo kubaka abi-vanye i Bugande; ibyo kandi birashimangirwa n’ibaruwa ya Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igi-hugu, (Umuseso ufitiye kopi), yandikiye Commissioner General wa RRA abasabira Exoneration ku bintu bizanywe mu gihugu bya

Akarere ka Kicukiro katambamiye ibikorwa bya Pasteur Mudahinyuka

►Bashenye ibikorwa bigamije gufasha abaturage ►Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yemeje ko inyubako ye ari nta makemwa

HOSTA Evangelical Centre.

Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yahise atangira kubaka bitewe n’uko igikorwa cyihutirwaga cya-ne, akaba yari afite icyizere kuko icyemezo kimwemerera kubaka yari yaracyishyuye, ku buryo yu-mvaga gusinya Autorisation de Bâtir ari byo bisigaye gusa.Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2008, Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yaje gutungurwa n’ibaruwa y’Umuyo-bozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro yam-wandikiye yivuguruza amusaba guhagarika ibikorwa bya HOSTA Evangelical Centre mu gihe yari azi aho inyubako igeze yubakwa, mu gihe uwo muyobozi ari we wari wamwemereye kubaka, mu gihe Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka atari kubaka inzu kugeza aho age-za gusakara ubuyobozi butabizi.Ikibabaje kandi ni uko iyo ba-ruwa y’Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro itagaragazaga im-pamvu ihagarika Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka kubaka, uretse ku-musaba gukuraho ibikorwa bya HOSTA Evangelical Centre kandi azi neza ko inzu itagira amapine.Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yaje gusubiza iyo baruwa y’Umuyo-bozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro ata-kamba nkuko amategeko abite-ganya ariko Meya yarituramiye ntiyasubiza.Gusa Pasteur Jackson Mudahinyuka nyuma yaje gutun-gurwa ubwo Akarere kazanaga BULL-DOZER Caterpillar base-nya izo nyubako zose ku buryo ziri hasi zose biturutse ku mabwi-riza yatanzwe na Meya w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, abaturage bahatuye bakaba bavuga ko izo nyubako zasenywe mu masaha ya nimugo-roba.

Pasteur Mudahinyuka akaba yiba-za impamvu Akarere ka Kicukiro kafashe icyemezo nka kiriya ki-gayitse cyo kwangiza no gusenya ibikorwa-remezo (Social infras-tructure) bifasha abaturage kandi n’Akarere kabereyeho abaturage.Hakurikijwe amategeko ingingo ya 200 yo mu itegeko nshinga “ Itegeko nshinga ni ryo tegeko ry’igihugu risumba ayandi kuko itegeko ryose, icyemezo cyose, binyuranyije naryo nta gaciro na gato bigira”. Aha umuntu akaba yakwibaza itegeko Akarere ka Kicukiro kakoresheje mu guse-nya ibikorwa bigamije gufa-sha abaturage, mu gihe itegeko risumba ayandi ribuza kuvogera umutungo w’abandi, uretse ko bawusenye, batawigaruriye.Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo ya 24 y’itegeko ryo kuwa 31 Nyakanga 1912 rigenga ibintu n’ubutaka, nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu; ritegeka ko “ iyo hari amazu yubatswe cyangwa ibindi byubatswe n’ubitunze nta buryarya akoresheje, ibyubakishwa bye, nyiri ubutaka ntashobora gusaba ko bivanwaho atabanje kwishyura igiciro cy’ibikoresho byubakishi-jwe ayo mazu n’ibyishyuwe abu-batse ayo mazu cyangwa inyungu-ragaciro”. Ibyo bivuze ko Akarere ka Kicukiro kagomba kwishyura ibyo kangije hakurikijwe ikiguzi n’indishyi za ngombwa.Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo ya mirongo itatu n’eshatu y’itegeko ryo kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1988 nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, rigize urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano; ibyerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano; mu gihe Akarere ka Kicukiro kemeye gutanga ibyan-gombwa ngo HOSTA Evangelical Centre yubake, ndetse bagatanga na Attestation de Collaboration, ayo ni amasezerano agomba kuba-hirizwa nta buryarya.Niba rero Akarere ka Kicukiro karemeranyije na HOSTA Evangelical Centre, igashoramo umutungo ufite agaciro kan-gana kuriya, barangiza uwo mu-tungo bakawusenya bitabagwir-iriye, bagomba kuwuriha, ndetse n’izindi ngaruka zikomoka kuri ririya senya.Aha ntitwabura kuvuga ko Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro buvuga ko bwasenye inyubako ya Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson kuko ngo ibyo basezer-

anye atari byo yakoze kuko ngo bari bumvikanye kubaka ivuriro rya Gatenga ariko we yubaka urusengero.Biragaragara ko aya amagam-bo y’Abayobozi b’Akarere ka Kicukiro anyuranye n’ay’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima Dr Ntawukurilyayo Yohani Damaseni, ubu wabaye Visi Perezida wa Kabiri w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, aho mu ibaruwa ye No 20/1590/MIN/2008 yo muri Kamena 2008, Umuseso ufitiye kopi, iyo baruwa akaba yarayandikiye Umuhuzabikorwa w’Umushinga HOSTA avuga ko ahereye ku rwandiko Ref : HST/FD/007 rwo ku wa 13 Werurwe 2008, anejejwe no kubandikira abamenyesha ko serivisi ishinzwe imyubakire muri Minisiteri yas-uye ahubakwa ikigo nderabuzima cya Gatenga , mu Murenge wa Gatenga, Akarere ka Kicukiro.Uwari Minisitiri w’ubuzima akaba yarakomeje muri iyo ba-

ruwa ye avuga ko ikiboneka muri izo nyubako, ni uko hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibigo nderabuzima.Kuri ubwo Minisiteri y’ubuzima ikaba ishyigikiye iyubakwa ry’ikigo nderabuzima Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yatangije.Iyo baruwa yamenyeshejwe Umunyamabanga Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ubuzima, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro n’Umuyobozi wa ACM/MINISANTE.No mu kiganiro Umuuyobozi w’agateganyo w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, Madame Kayiraba Frorence Camille yagiranye na Radio Frash FM, yavuze ko Pasteur Mudahinyuka Jackson yabonye ari umuntu uzi ubwenge, ureba kure; ko hari ibyo avuga mu kurenganwa kwe bifite ishingiro.

Emile Bayisenge

Umuyobozi w’agateganyo w’Akarere ka

Kicukiro, Madame Kayiraba Frorence

Camille yagi-ranye na Radio

Frash FM, ya-vuze ko Pasteur

Mudahinyuka Jackson yabonye

ari umuntu uzi ub-wenge, ureba kure; ko hari ibyo avuga

mu kurenganwa kwe bifite ishingiro

Aranengwa: Mayor Kirabo Kakira

Urup. 12 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Hanze y'igihugu

10. Calvin Coolidge 1923 - 1929Mu mwaka wa 1919, bitatu bya kane bya Police y’ahitwa i Boston barigaragambije. Icyo gihe, Calvin Coolidge, wari Guverineri w’intara ya Massachusetts, yaricaye arare-bera kugeza ubwo Mayor wa Bos-ton asabye umusada abitwa ‘state guard units’.Calvin, n’umujinya mwinshi, ya-hise ahamagaza ‘National Guard’, asubiza Police Commissioner Cur-tis mu biro bye yari yavanwemo n’abigaragambyaga, yifatira ubuy-obozi bwa polisi. Curtis yahise atangaza ko nta muntu n’umwe wagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo uri busubire mu kazi ke naho Calvin ahita asaba ko hinjizwa abapolisi basyashya. Ibi byatumye ibyaha byiyongera muri Massacusettes.Uko guterera iyo kwa Calvin ntib-yashimishije abanyamerika. Byaje guhumira ku mirari aho abereye Perezida, akagabanya umubare w’abagize guverinoma, akanan-ga ko Federal Government igira uruhare mu gucunga ubukungu bw’Amerika.

Urutonde rw’aba Perezida 10 b’Amerika bategetse nabi kurusha abandi

mitekerereze ye.8. Zachary Taylor 1849 - 1850

Ikibazo cy’uburetwa nicyo cya-fashe umwanya munini w’igihe gito cya Taylor ku buperezida bw’Amerika. Nubwo yari afite abagaragu, Taylor yasabye abari batuye intara za New Mexico na California gushyiraho amategeko arengera abagaragu, bagasaba ubwenegihugu.California ishyiraho itegeko nsh-inga ritemera uburetwa. Abanye California bararitora, hahita hajya-ho Leta nshya mu Kuboza 1849 Congress itarayemerera. Bene wabo wa Taylor bo mu majyepgo y’Amerika baramurakariye cy-ane, bashaka kwigomeka. Taylor yakoranye ikiganiro gikarishye n’abayobozi b’amajyepfo bashak-aga kwigomeka, ababwira ko nibiba ngombwa ko amategeko yubahirizwa, yifatira ubuyobozi bw’ingabo ku rugamba, kandi aba-bwira uzafatwa ahanganye na Leta ku rugamba azamumanika (hang), nkuko yamanitse abatorotse igisiri-kare na maneko muri Mexico.

7. John Tyler 1841 - 1845

Perezida Tyler ntabwo yigeze afatwa nka Perezida w’igihugu nyawe. Bamwe mu banyarwanda bamufata nka Pasteur Bizimungu. Abanyamerika bari bahanganye bwamwitaga “Acting President” (Perezida w’agateganyo) cyangwa se “His Accidency”.Tyler yatunguye abo bari bahuriye mu ishyaka rya Whigs bari muri Congres y’Amerika ubwo yangaga ko gahunda y’iryo shyaka ihita akoresheje veto. Yakoresheje kandi veto abuza ko National Banking Act ihita, bituma Leta ijya mu may-ira abiri. Tyler yaje kwirukanwa mu ishyaka rya Whigs mu 1841, nyuma y’amezi make abaye Perezida. Mu 1843, nyuma yaho yangiye gutora icyitwa tariff bill, Inteko ishinga amategeko (House of Representa-tives) nibwo yatangiye gahunda yo kumukuraho icyizere. Bwari ubwa mbere mu mateka y’Amerika. Komite yari ikuriwe n’uwahoze ari Perezida, John Quincy Adams, yaje kwemeza ko Tyler yakoresheje nabi ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko bwa Veto, ariko motion yo kumuvanaho icyizere yo ntabwo yatambutse.6. Millard Fillmore 1850 - 1853

Fillmore yabaye Perezida nyuma y’urupfu rutunguranye rwa Taylor, muri Nyakanga 1850. Impinduka mu buyobozi zatumye habaho impinduka muri politike yose y’ubutegetsi, kuko Fillmore ya-hise avanaho guverinoma yose ya Taylor, ayisimbuza abantu bari bazwiho ko baharanira ko uburetwa bugumaho.Fillmore yasinye itegeko ryitwa ‘The Fugitive Slave Act’ kugi-ra ngo hatabaho ubwumvikane hagati y’abatuye amajyepfo bari bafite inyungu mu gutunga abaga-ragu n’abari batuye amajyaru-guru (Northern Free-Soilers). Iryo tegeko rikaba ryarategekaga ko abagaragu basubizwa abahoze ari ba shebuja babo.

5. Ulysses S Grant 1869 - 1877

Grant yamenyekanye mu ruhan-do mpuzamahanga mu ntambara y’isubiranamo y’Amerika (Ameri-can Civil War). Sikandali ya mbere yasize icyondo ubutegetsi bw’uwo mugabo, ni iyiswe Black Friday, bishatse kuvuga umunsi wa gatanu w’umukara. Black Friday ni crise yatewe no gukeka ku bijyanye na zahabu (gold-speculation financial crisis), yabaye muri Nzeli 1869. Iyo crise ikaba yaratangijwe na Jay Gould na James Fisk, bombi ba Wall Street. Abo bagabo bashatse kwifatira isoko ryose rya zahabu, bakoresha amayeri bumvisha Per-

ezida Grant ko agomba kubuza Minisitiri w’imari guhagarika iyo forode.Sikandali ikomeye yabaye whis-key Ring, yo mu 1875. Iyo sikan-dali yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisitiri w’imari (Secretary of the treasury) Benjamin H. Bristow, aho imisoro irenga miliyoni eshatu z’amadolari y’Amerika zanyere-jwe, hifashishijwe abakozi bakuru ba Leta ya Grant. Nubwo Grant atabonyeho kimwe cya cumi cy’ako kayabo kanyerejwe, ntabwo yahan-nye ibyegera bye byagaragayeho ibyaha na nyuma yaho urukiko rubigaragarije.

4. Andrew Johnson 1865 - 1869

Johnson yabaye Perezida asimbuye Abraham Lincoln, wari umaze kwicwa. Johnson yanze gusinya ‘Civil Rights bill’ ya mbere, avuga ko iryo tegeko riha uburinganire busesuye abirabura n’abera muri Amerika.Mu rwandiko yandikiye Guverin-eri w’intara ya Missouri, Johnson yagize ati: “iki ni igihugu cy’abera gusa kandi ku bw’Imana, kuva nkiri Perezida, Leta yanjye izaba iy’abera gusa.”Aba Repubulike bo muri Congress barushije ububasha veto ye (sena ku majwi 33.15, Inteko ku majwi 182.41), hanyuma Civil Rights bill iba itegeko. Nyuma yaho, John-son yashatse kwirukana Edward Stanton ku mwanya wa Minisitiri ishinzwe intambara (Secretary of War), mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko agenga akazi (Tenure of Office Act). Johnson yaje gukur-waho icyizere (yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’Amerika ukuweho icyizere) ariko ijwi rimwe rivuga ko ari umwere.

3. Franklin Pierce 1853 - 1857

Amezi abiri mbere yuko aba Per-ezida, Pierce yabonye umwana we apfa mu mpanuka ya gari ya

mwoshi. Yabaye Perezida arushye mu mutwe cyane. Sikandali ya mbere mu butegetsi bwe ni iyiswe ‘Kansas- Nebraska Act’, yasim-buye ‘Missouri Compromise’. Iryo tegeko ryasubije ibubisi ikibazo cy’uburetwa muri Amerika, rinatera akaduruvayo kadasanzwe mu ma-jyaruguru y’Amerika, katumye havuka ishyaka ry’Abarepubulike, ryigometse ku ishyaka rya North-ern party, rifite gahunda imwe yo kwamagana iryo tegeko.Pierce ntabarwa mu baperezida b’Amerika bategetse nabi gusa, ahubwo afatwa nk’umunyepolitiki utarafataga ibyemezo, akanavugir-wamo cyane. Kugeza ubu, Pierce niwe Perezida w’Amerika watowe wenyine utarongeye kugirirwa icyizere n’ishyaka rye ngo rimu-torere kongera guhatanira manda ya kabiri.

2. James Buchanan 1857 - 1861

Mu ijambo rye amaze kurahirira kuba Perezida, Buchanan yavuze ko ikibazo cy’uburetwa ntacyo kivuze kuko urukiko rw’ikirenga ruri hafi kugikemura. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwatangaje icyiswe ‘Dred Scott Decision’, rwe-meza ko abirabura, baba abagaragu cyangwa se batari bo, batazapfa babaye abenegihugu b’Amerika kandi Congress nta bubasha yari ifite bwo kubuza uburetwa mu ntara zigize federal government. Abanyamerika benshi bemeje ko Perezida Buchanan yagize uruhare mu ifatwa ry’icyo cyemezo.Ubutegetsi bwa Buchanan kandi

uruhare rwa Nixon mu gushaka kubakingira ikibaba kwatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara mu bitan-gazamakuru, mu nkiko no muri Congress y’Amerika.Usibye n’ibyo, Nixon yakiriye inkunga zo kwiyamamaza zite-mewe (illicit), ajujubya abari bahanganye nawe muri politiki akoresheje serivise z’ubutasi no kubumviriza ibyo bapanga ku matelefone (wiretaps). Nixon kandi yategetse kugaba ibitero muri Cambodia mu ibanga.Urukiko rwaje gusanga Nixon yaragize uruhare mu bugambanyi bwa Watergate. Amaze kubona ko yatakaje icyizere kandi atinya ko ashobora gukatirwa, yeguye ku mwanya w’ubuperezida ku wa 9 Kanama 1974, umunsi umwe age-jeje ijambo ku banyamerika abi-nyujije kuri televiziyo y’igihugu. Ntiyigeze yemera icyaha ariko yemeye ko yakoze amakosa mu

bwajujubijwe n’icyiswe ‘Panic of 1857’- igihe ubukungu bw’Amerika bwazaharaga mu buryo butungu-ranye. Mbere yuko Buchanan ava ku buperezida, intara indwi zarigo-metse, zirigenga. Mu mwaka wa 2006, abanyamateka (historians) batoye kuba Buchanan yarananiwe guhangana n’ikibazo cy’intara zigometse nk’ikosa rya mbere rya Perezida w’Amerika mu mateka y’icyo gihugu.

1. Warren G Harding 1921 - 1923

9. Richard Nixon 1969 - 1974Muri Kanama 1972, ibyegera bitari bike bya Richard Nixon bya-fashwe byinjira mu biro by’ishyaka ry’abademokarate kuri Hotel ya Watergate, mu mujyi wa Washing-ton DC. Iyo niyo mvano y’icyaje kwitwa Watergate Scandal (sikan-dali ya Watergate), yaje no gutuma Nixon yegura ku buperezida.Nixon yabanje gusuzugura iyo sikandali, ayita politiki gusa, ariko nyuma yahoo, ibyo byegera bye bitangiye kwegura umufururizo,

Komeza kurup. 15

Urup. 13No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Amakuru

Raporo yakozwe n’umuryango w’abanyeshuri baro-

kotse itsembabwoko ryabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994 ishobora guhindura byinshi kubyo twari tuzi ku itsembabwoko. Bimwe muri ibyo ni uko iyo raporo ye-meza ko abazize itsembabwoko bagera kuri 1,952,078 (miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi magana icy-enda na mirongo itanu na bi-biri, n’abantu mirongo irindwi n’umunani).Buri uko amagambo ‘jenoside yo mu Rwanda’ yandikwaga cy-angwa se yavugwaga mu itan-gazamakuru mpuzamahanga, hakurikiragaho ko iyo jenoside yahitanye abantu bakabakaba miliyoni imwe, mu gihe Leta y’u Rwanda yo yavugaga ko inzi-rakarengane zazize jenoside zi-renga ho miliyoni imwe. None raporo ya mbere ikozwe kuri icyo kibazo, mu buryo buri systematic, iravuga ko abanyarwanda hafi cy-ane ya miliyoni ebyiri bahasize ubuzima.Uwo muryango, uzwi mu magam-bo ahinnye nka AERG, uvuga ko wageze kuri ayo makuru ukoze ubushakashatsi mu nzibutso z’itsembabwoko zigera kuri 390 n’andi marimbi ari hirya no hino mu gihugu.Iyo raporo yatewe inkunga na Leta ibinyujije muri minisiteri y’umuco na siporo, ikaba yara-kozwe n’abantu bagera kuri 60,

Raporo: Ibisigazwa by’abazize jenoside 97,567 ntibirashyingurwamu turere 30 tugize igihugu. Ubwo bushakashatsi bukaba bwaratangiye gukorwa mu Kubo-za 2007.Ikindi iyo raporo igaragaza, ni uko hari ibisigazwa by’abazize jeno-side bagera kuri 97.567 (ibihumbi mirongo icyenda na birindwi, magana atanu na mirongo itanda-tu na birindwi bitarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.Ku mubare w’abazize jenoside ariko, iyo raporo ntabwo ivugamo abantu bajugunywe mu biyaga, cyangwa se abatwitswe mu gihe cya jenoside.Iyo raporo ikomeza ivuga ko inzibutso za jenoside mu Rwanda zigera kuri 390, zikaba zarashyinguwemo ibisigazwa by’inzirakarengane zishwe muri jenoside zigera kuri 1,002,755 (miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi bibiri na magana arindwi na mirongo itanu na bitanu), naho ibindi bi-sigazwa bigera kuri 851,756 (ibi-humbi magana inani na mirongo

itanu na kimwe na magana arind-wi na mirongo itanu na bitanu bikaba byarashyinguwe mu ma-rimbi atandukanye mu gihugu.

Mbere yuko iyo mibare yemerwa na Leta ikaba official reference ya Leta y’u Rwanda, izabanza isu-zumwe n’abashakashatsi batan-

dukanye, ari nako inajyibwaho impaka, ndetse inasuzumwe n’inama y’abaminisitiri.

Didas M. Gasana

Aya magufwa yarashyinguwe, arko hari andi nkayo atarashyingurwa

Urup. 14 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008

IBIMBABAZAna Charles B. KABONERO

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Mu myanzuro y’inama y’Abaminisitiri yo mu cyumweru gishize, hajemo

umwanzuro wavugishije abantu menshi. Ni umwanzuro wavugaga ko Leta igiye gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kwigisha icyongereza kuva hasi kugeza hejuru kugira ngo u Rwanda rube ku rwego rumwe n’ibindi bihu-gu bigize umuryango wa East African Community. Ababikurikiranira hafi bakaba barahise bumva icyo bivuga; gukuraho cyangwa guca igifaransa mu Rwanda. Ibyo kuri benshi byanagaragaye ko byari byamaze kwemezwa mbere y’iryo tangazo kuko no mu ndangamuntu nshya zatanzwe mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Nzeri, hakoreshe-jwemo indimi ebyiri gusa; ikinyarwanda n’icyongereza. U Rwanda ni igihugu mu bihe by’ubukoloni cyakoronijwe (Colonised ) n’igihugu kivuga igifaransa (u Bubiligi) ndetse n’u Bufaransa bwiyongereye-ho nyuma y’ubwigenge. Ibi bihugu by’ibihangange byombi byakibohoje igihe kirekire kugeza ejobundi mu 1994. Bityo mbere y’intambara no guts-inda kwa RPF, mu mashuri, mu buzima bw’igihugu muri rusange, igifaransa nir-wo rurimi rwakoreshejwe nkuko ahandi bakoreshaga icyongereza, igiportugal n’izindi ndimi bitewe n’ababakoronije. Nyuma ya 1994, Inkotanyi zimaze guhirika ingoma ya Habyarimana, zigan-jemo ahanini (cyane cyane ubuyobozi) abanyarwanda bakuriye muri Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya n’ahandi bavugaga icyongereza, byabaye ngombwa ko izo ndimi zombi-igifaransa n’icyongereza zemezwa zigakoreshwa. By’akarusho ndetse, kuri Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda hashyizweho gahunda yo kwigisha indi-mi zombi ku banyeshuri bakinjira muri Kaminuza, bigatuma umwaka wa mbere bawurangiza biga izo ndimi kugira ngo bibafashe mu myigire yabo hejuru-u Rwanda ruba rubaye igihugu gikore-sha indimi ebyiri, biramenyekana ku isi hose. Ibyo nubwo byatewe n’amateka y’u Rwanda, atari uko abanyarwanda babi-hisemo, si bibi-ni nayo mpamvu abanyar-wanda benshi uretse abanyeshuri nabo babishyizemo umwete, abazi icyongere-za batangira kwiga igifaransa, abakuriye muri system francophone nabo bihatira kwiga icyongereza. Abanyarwanda ben-shi bagaragaza ubushake bwo kuba ‘bi-lingual’. Kumenya indimi nyinshi ni bibi? Oya, ahubwo ni akarusho nkuko mu matangazo yo gutanga akazi babi-vuga. Kugeza ubu ariko nkuko natangiye mbivuga, nyuma yaho umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Bufaransa urushijeho kuba mubi, u Rwanda uretse kwanga u Bufaransa, n’ibindi bibukomokaho ntibyarokotse; ururimi rw’igifaransa ubanza arirwo rugezweho gucibwa mu Rwanda! Ibisobanuro by’itangazo ry’inama y’abaminisitiri rirabishiman-gira. Gushyira imbaraga mu cyongereza,

Rwanda: Guca igifaransa? Kuki? Inyungu ni izihe? Ibihombo?

bivuze kuzivana mu gifaransa! Guca igi-faransa? Kuki? Ikibazo cya mbere umuntu yakwibaza ni impamvu yo guca igifaransa. Kubera ko twagiranye ibibazo n’u Bufaransa? Hano byaba ari ikosa rikomeye kuko igifaransa n’abanyamerika barakivuga, mu Bwongereza barakiga. Ahubwo muri Afurika niho usanga abanyagihugu ba-vuga ururimi rumwe gusa, ku buryo ari akarusho ku Rwanda kuvugwa ko ari ‘Bilingual’, uko byaba byaraje kose, icy-angombwa ni inyungu zibirimo. Inyungu ni izihe? Inyungu ya mbere ni uko kumenya in-dimi byoroshya ubuzima mu bucu-ruzi cyane cyane ‘communication’. Abanyarwanda benshi ubu baracuruza, bacuruzanya n’abaturage b’ahandi; Abashinwa, Aba-Esipanye, abahinde n’Abafaransa. Ababikora bamenye izo ndimi zose birabafasha. Kuba abanyar-wanda benshi mu gihe kiri imbere baba bazi neza igifaransa n’icyongereza ntako bisa! Abanyarwanda benshi bashobora kujya kuri interineti bagasobanukirwa ibyanditswe mu ndimi zose, bagasoma ibinyamakuru byanditswe mu cyonger-eza n’igifaransa bose, byafasha mu kwi-hutisha iterambere. Uretse ibyo ariko, hari n’ukuri kw’uko abavuga igifaransa mu Rwanda kugeza ubu baruta abakoresha icyongereza! Nkuko abazi igifaransa neza bakamenya n’icyongereza baruta abazi icyonger-eza bakamenya no kuvuga igifaransa! Muri abo harimo igice kinini amateka y’iki gihugu yagizeho ingaruka kenshi nk’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside, ba-dakwiye kongera guhura n’inzindi nga-ruka no kuba ururimi bakuriyemo rwata

agaciro mu Rwanda. Harimo kandi abahanga, abashakashatsi, abarimu muri za Kaminuza bakenewe cy-ane mu iterambere ry’igihugu. N’ibindi byinshi. Bymvikane ko ahubwo guko-meza gushyira imbaraga muri byombi aricyo kizima. Byafasha u Rwanda kuba ‘bilingual’ koko kuko ari ishema no gusarura ibyiza birimo nko mu bukera-rugendo, ubucuruzi, politiki mpuzama-hanga, ububanyi n’amahanga n’ibindi byumvikana kuri buri wese. Byafasha kandi mu kwirinda igihombo mu gupyinakaza ururimi rumwe muri izo ubu, birimo; gusubira inyuma mu iteram-bere no kuba abantu bariruhije iyi myaka 14 yose izo ndimi zombi zitezwa imbere. Nta n’uwakwirengagiza ko abakuze biga urwo rurimi byabatera n’ipfunwe nkaho ari icyaha, kandi burya no mu mico hari ibyiza bakuyemo bidakwiye kuzimanga-na, nubwo umujinya u Rwanda rufitiye igifaransa wakwumvikana ute! Kuba u Rwanda rwarinjiye mu muryan-

go w’ibihugu bigize akarere k’Afurika y’uburasirazuba, arirwo rufite abaturage bakoresha indimi ebyiri, ni ishema-rwa-byiyambura? Kuki? Ni igihombo. Kuba rwakwinjira no mu muryango w’ibihugu byakoronijwe n’u Bwongereza (Common Wealth) wakira n’ibindi bihugu byu-juje ibisabwa, ariko rukinjiramo rufite n’umwihariko w’indimi ebyiri, ni aka-rusho.Ibyo aribyo byose, gahunda yo ‘guca igifaransa mu Rwanda’, cyangwa ‘Kutagishyiramo ingufu’ abayishy-ize imbere bafite impamvu zabo zaba zinakomeye, ariko inyungu zo kugira abaturage bari ‘bilingual’ ntizishidikany-waho ku buryo kuzirengagiza cyane cyane biramutse bishingiye ku rwango rw’u Bufaransa gusa byaba ari kureba hafi muri politiki!

ibimbabazaa@yahoo.comTel: 08354880Reforme ya kabiri: Theoneste

Mutsindashyaka

Urup. 15No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Igitekerezo

Vision 2020 ni iki?Vision 2020 imaze iki?Vision “tuzagerayo ryari?

Vision 2020 tuzagerayo dute?N’ibindi

Ndifuza gusubiza ibi bibazo uko mbyumva ku giti cyanjye nuko nzabigenza kugira ngo ngereyo mbere y’icyo gihe (2020)

Vision 2020 ni iki?

Vision 2020 ni igihe buri munyarwanda azaba yaravuye mu bukene., akoresha amadorari 900 mu mwaka. Iyi mvugo y’amadorari 900 mu mwaka mbyumva ntya: ni amadorari 900 $x540 Frw=4860.000Frw. Umuryango w’abantu 10 mu rugo rumwe ni 4860.000x10= 4.860.000Frw. Ubu igisi-gaye ni ugushaka amafaranga buri muntu yakoresha buri munsi 4.860.000Frw: 12x30(amezi 12 x iminsi 30) =13.500 buri muryango kandi buri munsi. Aya mafar-anga azaba ahagije? Yeee/oyaaa! Bizaterwa nuko ubuzima buzaba buhagaze icyo gihe muri 2020. Buhagaze nkuko buhagaze iki gihe mu Rwanda ni yeee. Buhagaze nkuko ubuzima buhagaze muri Zimbabwe ni oy-aaa!

Vision 2020 imaze iki?

Vision 2020 ni igihe buri wese akwiye kwiha ngo azabe yarasezereye ubukene, utabigize utya waba udafite Vision (ni uku-reba kure) gukora udafite “gahunda” ( work plan) ni ukugenda nk’impumyi.

“Gahunda” ikwiye kubaS= Specific ………….ibonekaM= Measurable …… .Ifatika A= Accessible……. .IshobokaR= Realisable……. .YihariyeT= Timely …………Iziye igiheUtabigize utya si gahunda ni ukubaka ku musenyi.

Tuzagerayo ryari?

Abatazi igihe tuzagererayo ndabaha uru-gero rufatika rwakumvwa na buri wese uko ubwenge bungana: Ntange urugero rw’abantu basiganwa bava kuri Stade ya Nyamirambo batanguranwa kuri Stade Amahoro. Ntibazagererayo rimwe, ba-zagerayo mu byiciro binyuranye. Hari n’abatazagerayo! Ariko Vision 2020 irare-ba cyane cyane abo dukeka ko batagerayo. Burya mu masiganwa icy’ingenzi si uku-gererayo rimwe, icy’ingenzi ni ugutinda ariko ntuhere.

Tuzagerayo ryari?

Abatazi igihe tuzagererayo ndabaha uru-gero rufatika rwakumvwa na buri wese uko ubwenge bungana: Ntange urugero rw’abantu basiganwa bava kuri Stade ya Nyamirambo batanguranwa kuri Stade Amahoro. Ntibazagererayo rimwe, ba-zagerayo mu byiciro binyuranye. Hari n’abatazagerayo! Ariko Vision 2020 irare-ba cyane cyane abo dukeka ko batagerayo. Burya mu masiganwa icy’ingenzi si uku-gerarayo rimwe, icy’ingenzi ni ugutinda ariko ntuhere.

Tuzagerayo dute?

Ubu tuvuga, bamwe baraharenze, abandi bagezeyo. Abandi bageze munsi y’urugo

Vision 2020 ni iki? Imaze iki?(2020) abandi bahageza amaso. Bamwe bararenga abandi bahinguka. Abandi barum-va ingoma zivugirayo (2020) abandi baracy-akururuka nk’amaguru y’umunyabinyoro! Kugirango mwumve neza abo bantu abo ari bo, reka nshyire mu byiciro abanyarwanda nkurikije imibereho barimo ubu:ABAHERWE: Abasagurira amasoko y’amahanga nka “Bill Gates”ABAKIRE : Abasagurira amasoko y’igihugu nka “Rujugiro”ABAKUNGU : Abihagije mu mago yabo gusa.Vision 2020 (abo ireba)ABAKENE : bari hasi y’idorari 1 ku munsi.ABATINDI : ba nyakabyizi ABATINDI NYAKUJYA : Abasabirizi.Mu by’ukuri nti: abaherwe mu Rwanda barimo. Ariko nka Rujugiro n’abandi nkawe tubita abaherwe mu Rwanda. Bill Gate navuze haruguru ni ku rwego rw’isi.Uru rutonde ntanze, ni urusobanura igihe tuzagerera kuri “Vision 2020 “ Abaherwe n’abakire baraharenze. Abakungu bariyo, abakene, abatindi, n’abatindi nyakujya nibo Vision 2020 ihanze amaso. Nabo ntibazagererayo rimwe. Ariko ntibibatan-gaze umutindi atanze umukene! Ibi byo bitangwa n’imikorere n’amahirwe atangwa n’Imana.Hari abakunze gukoresha imvugo ziseser-eza nk’izi: Uko bamwe barushaho gukira niko bamwe barushaho gukena. Bisobanura yuko abakire baryamira cyangwa banyunyu-za abakene. Niba ntacyekeye ubusa ababi-vuga, ibi biba ku isi hose. “Ntabareshya, no mu ijuru bararutanwa: Abamarayika baruta abatagatifu: Abatagatifu bakarutanwa haga-ti yabo. Bikira Mariya aruta Petero mutag-atifu, Petero mutagatifu akaruta abasigaye. Petero mutagatifu niwe ubitse urufunguzo rw’ijuru. Ndi umunyagaturika wemera am-abwiriza mbwirizwa na Papa, udashobora kutuyobya igihe avuga mu izina rya Yezu Kiristu. Nabyumva, ntabyunva ni ihame. Yezu naza avuga ko Papa yanyobeje, Papa azirwarize. Bisa n’abakuru b’abasirikare ku rugamba. Umuyobozi wabo niwe ubazwa ibyabereye ku rugamba. Imana imbabarire ninjiye muri politiki itanzinduye.

N’ibindiBanyarwanda, banyarwandakazi tuve mu bukene dute? Bikomeye, binoroshye:twatsinze urugamba rwo kwibohoza dute ? Kandi twarutsinze mu myaka ine gusa ,none urugamba rw’ubukene twaruhaye inda ya bukuru y’imyaka 26 (2020-1994)!!! Bugufi inshuro zirindwi (7x4)!!! Nibyo in-tambara y’amasasu ni “kama mbaya mba-ya” ngo mbihishire. Iy’ubukene ni “kururu kururu”, igihugu cyashenywe n’intambara yagisize iheru heru, imyumvire mike y’abaturage(90% ntibajijutse!), gahun-da za Leta zititabirwa neza n’abayobozi n’abayoborwa ! Ibi byose bigashingira ku bujiji ,ubukene n’indwara z’urudaca nka maraliya, Sida, igituntu n’izindi ntarondora !Inama natanga: hari ibintu bine nasaba buri muturarwanda wese ngo yibohore ingoyi y’ubukene :Desire : ubushakeDecision: Gahunda /ingamba zifatika

(Smart)Determination: Kwitanga wanatanga ubuzi-ma ari ngombwa Discipline : Kudatezuka ku rugamba (ubut-wari)Izi ngingo nanditse mu ndimi eshatu ndi-fuza yuko zumvikana neza kuko arizo zadu-fashije mu rugamba rw’amasasu. Nkasanga na none arizo zadufasha mu ntambara y’ubukene (vision 2020).Ibi si ibitekerezo bishya nungutse, Leta ibihoza kuri Radio n’ibinyamakuru binyuranye,ariko guhana ni uguhozaho. Tubiririmbe nk’uko turir-imba “Yezu akuzwe », « Imana ishimwe ». Tugutendereze ni isengesho rya Data wa twese”. Izindi ngingo nagiraho inama abayobozi ni izi :PERSUATION:Guhendahenda TEACHING :KwigishaCOARTION :Gukanda /GuhanaNtarambiranye, iyi nyandiko ngufi ikubiy-emo byinshi nifuza kuri twese na mwese. Ndasaba buri wese kwibuka amagmbo :SMART 4DS na P.T.Cni umuhanda utuy-obora kuri “vision 2020”.Ikindi nasaba ni agahimbazamusyi ku ban-ditsi n’abasomyi: Agahimbazamusyi si ama-faranga nubwo nayo bishoboka yatangwa. Ni ikimenyetso cy’ishimwe (CERTIFICATE) nkuko nayihawe mu 1998:Ni ishimwe kuruta abahawe amafaranga, iyo “certificate “ ingeza aho ntakwigejeje ntayifite ;mu bibuga by’imikino n’ahandi

ntabanje gutonda umurongo twinjira.Ikampesha icyicaro cy’ icyubahiro. Bisanzwe bikorwa ariko nongeyeho “abasomyi”bagaragara bashima cyagwa banenga (ariko batanga inama) y’ibyo ba-somye . DusengeMana yaturemye kugeza ubu butumwa ku biremwa byawe, kingura imitima yabo bakirane ishyaka ubu butumwa, ntibizabe mu mvugo gusa ahubwo mu bikorwa. Ibi mbisabye mu izina rya Kirisitu umwana wawe n’umwami wacu , no mu izina rya Mohamedi intumwa yawe Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha.

Mzee Karemberei ClaudianiInyangamugayo ya

MATIMBA/NYAGATARE

ubushobozi. Bamwe muri izo nshuti ze bakoresheje imbaraga zabo kwiba akayabo k’amafaranga ya Leta. Mbabwi re kand i ko , ku ru tonde rw’umwimerere, Perezida William Harrison yaje ku mwanya wa gatanu mu ba perezida bategetse nabi kurusha abandi, ariko kubera ko manda ye yari ngufi cyane, ntabwo namushyize ku rutonde. Nanone kandi, Perezida James A Garfield yaje ku mwanya wa cyenda, ariko nawe kubera manda ye ngufi cyane (amezi atandatu), nawe ntabwo namushyize kuri uru rutonde.Kubera iyo mpamvu, Richard Nixon, wari kumwanya wa 11, aza ku mwanya wa 9, naho Calvin Coolidge, wari kumwanya wa 12, aza kumwanya wa 10. Perezida uriho ubu, George W. Bush aza ku mwanya wa 21 mu ba perezida babi bategetse nabi Amerika, agakurikirwa na Bill Clinton ku mwanya wa 22, naho Jimmy Carter akaza ku mwanya wa 14.Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hifashishi-jwe amanota ya moyenne ya buri Per-ezida (average score of each president) mu bushakashatsi 12 (surveys) bwakozwe kuva 1948 kugeza 2005.

Byakusanijwe na Didas M. Gasana

Manda y’uyu mugabo yaranzwe na sikan-dali nsa nsa, zaba ize ku giti cye, zaba n’iza politiki.Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu (Secre-tary of the Interior) ku gihe cy’ubuperezida bwa Warren Harding witwa Albert B. Fall, niwe wabaye uwa mbere muri Presidential Cabinet wariye uburoko kubera uruhare rwe mu cyiswe ‘Teapot Dome affair’.Harding amaze gutorwa, yashyize inshuti ze bari bahuriye ku cyitwaga Ohio Gang, mu myanya ikomeye y’ubutegetsi, batabifitiye

Urutonde rw’aba Perezida 10 b’Amerika bategetse nabi kurusha abandi

Bikurikira urup. 12

MINALOC: Protais Musoni

Urup. 16 No 315, 17-24 Ukwakira 2008 Kwamamaza

Roto Plastic Tanks Ibigega bishya by’amazi Roto bikorwa

muri Plastiki n’abahanga b’inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhunika amazi. Iyo bavuze Ibigega Roto, jya wumva ikintu

gikomeye, gihendutse, kandi gisukuye. Roto kandi ni ibigega bidakenera gukanikwa, biterekwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi

biberanye n’ahantu hose. Ibigega Roto mu bigo by’amashuri, mu bikingi by’ubworozi, mu nganda no mu bitaro, ku nsogero z’amazu, ku mashantiye y’ubwubatsi, mu mago........ mbese ntaho Roto itakoreshwa. Niyo mpamvu Ibigega

by’amazi Roto bikoze muri Plastiki bimaze kwamamara muri Afrika y’Iburasirazuba.