Umwaka VIII: No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, B.P 4353 ...murengerantwari.u.m.f.unblog.fr/files/2009/09/f60fe87cd01umuseso371.pdf · No 20/2006 ryo kuwa 22 Mata 2006, rihindura

Umwaka VIII: No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, B.P 4353 Kigali-Rwanda. Tel: 0788354880. E-mail: [email protected]. Frw 500, Ush 1500, Fbu 1000, Kopi: 5000

IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

This is a Rwanda Independent Media Group (RIMEG) Publication. B.P. 4353 Kigali - Rwanda, Telefone. 0788354880, Email: [email protected]. Printed by The New Vision

Kampanye

Uburyo FPR inaniza

ishoramari mu Rwanda

Aba Perezida 12 b'abanyagitugu muri Afurika

Amayobera muri 'Affaire'

Mutsindashyaka

Impamvu komisiyo y'matora

ikwiye kwegurirwa

abikorera ku giti cyabo

Ingaruka z'igitugu cya

Kagame na FPR

► 2010: Ingabire Victoire atangiriye mu Burayi► Kagame we aciye 'sens unique', ahereye mu ntara, RDF, Polisi, BNR na Kaminuza y'u Rwanda

No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, Urup. 2 UMUSESO

Amayobera muri ‘affaire’ Mutsindashyaka Theoneste

IBIRIMOAMAKURU

Charles B. Kabonero arerekana uruhare rwa FPR mu kunaniza ishoramari....P.14

UKO MBYUMVA

Umwanditsi aragaragaza uburyo abanyarwanda barushwa agaciro na sosiyete z'abikorera ku giti cyabo... P.16

Umwanditsi arerekana ko imbaraga nyinshi zitangiza aba Perezida gusa, ko n'abana babo ari uko...P.11

Didas M. Gasana arakwereka impamvu komisiyo y'amatora ikwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo....P.4

IBIMBABAZA

Theoneste Mutsindashyaka, wahoze ari umunyamabag-nag wa Leta muri minisi-

teri y’uburezi, ushinzwe amashuri mato n’ayisumbuye, yagombaga kwitaba urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Kacyiru ku wa 27 Kanama 2009, ariko siko byagenze.

Mutsindashyaka, yagombaga kwisobanura ku ruhare akekwa kuba yaragize mu itangwa ry’isoko ryo kubaka ibiro by’intara y’iburasirazuba.

Iki cyemezo cyo guhamagaza Theoneste Mutsindashyaka mu rukiko, kikaba cyari cyarafashwe na Perezida w’urukiko, Claudine Nyiramikenke.

Nyuma y’iki cyemezo, nubwo ubushinjacyaha bwakomeje ku-garagaza ko budafite ibimenyetso bihagije byo gukeka ko Mutsin-dashyaka yakurikiranwaho icyaha, umushinjacyaha mukuru wun-girije, Alphonse Hitiyaremye, yatangarije itangazamakuru ko ubushinjacyaha bumaze kubona ibimenyetso bihagije byo kugeza Mutsindashyaka mu rukiko.

Kuri uwo munsi ariko, ntabwo ubushinjacyaha bwagejeje imbere y’urukiko Theoneste Mutsin-dashyaka na bagenzi be ari bo Mu-kasine Marie Claire, Alexis Karani na Jean Marie Vianney Makombe, nkuko urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Ka-cyiru rwari rwabitegetse.

Ibi byatunguye cyane abun-ganira abaregwa muri uru rubanza, basanga ari ugusuzugura ku buryo bukabije itegeko ry'urukiko.

Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwarabwiye urukiko ko bugikome-za iperereza kuri Mutsindashyaka. Kandi ko aho rigeze ribereka ko batazamuregera urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kacyiru. Naho bagenzi be twavuze haruguru bo, ubushin-jacyaha busanga nta mpamvu yo kubakurikirana.

Iki cyemezo cy’ubushinjacyaha cyakuruye impaka cyane mu rukiko, zamaze amasaha icumi. Abunganira abaregwa muri uru rubanza barimo Me Francois Rwangampuhwe, bagaragarije urukiko ko niba Mutsindashyaka Theoneste, Mukasine M. Claire, Karani Alexis na Makombe JMV, badakurikiranwe ko abo bun-ganira nabo bakwiye kurekurwa.

Cyakora, bamwe mu bakurikiranye uru rubanza basan-ga ruzamera nk'urw'umunyemari

Kalisa Gakuba Alfred way-oboraga Banki ya BCDI, aho yakurikiranwaga wenyine, abandi banyamigabane ba BCDI bagakingirwa ikibaba. Kalisa ubu abarizwa muri Gereza nkuru ya Kigali.

Urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Ka-cyiru, rwavuze ko ruzatangaza umwanzuro kuri icyi kibazo niba Mutsindashyaka Theoneste na bagenzi be bakwiye gukuriranwa, ku wa 03 Nzeri 2009.

Twibutse ko, nkuko bigara-gazwa n’impapuro nshinjabyaha zagejejwe n’ubushinjacyaha mu rukiko ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2009, Mutsindashyaka akekwaho kuba yarabwiye Alexis Mugarura ko yatsindiye isoko, mbere yuko uwaritsindiye atangazwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amasoko ya Leta (Rwanda Public Pro-curement Authority). Alexis Mugarura niwe nyiri Entreprise Mugarura Alexis, yatsindiye iryo soko ryo kubaka ibiro by’intara y’iburasirazuba.

Kuba akekwaho ayo manyanga ariko, ntibyabujije ubushinjacyaha kuvuga ko nta bimenyetso bihagije bafite byo kumushinja icyaha. Ibyo bikubiye mu ibaruwa umushin-jacyaha Mukantagengwa, yandiki-ye Perezida w’urukiko, Claudine, ku wa 11 Kanama 2009.

Urukiko rwo rusanga Mutsin-dashyaka agomba kwitaba urukiko kuko afite aho ahuriye n’urubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo Gasana Charles, wahoze ari umunyama-banga nshingwabikorwa w’intara y’uburasirazuba, ndetse na Vin-cent Gatwabuyenge, wahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru muri minisiteri y’ibikorwa remezo.

Abo bombi baregwa kuba ba-rishyuye Entreprise Mugarura amafaranga y’inyongera, arenga

ku yo bari bumvikanye mu ma-sezerano, kandi batabifitiye ubu-basha.

Ubushinjacyaha bushinja Mu-garura kuba yaratsindiye isoko rya miliyari imwe na miliyoni magana arindwi, ariko akaza gusaba andi mafaranga y’inyongera agera kuri miliyari imwe n’igice, mu gihe am-ategeko ateganya ko amafaranga y’inyongera adashobora kurenga 20% y’igiciro cyemeranyijweho bwa mbere.

Amayobera n’ubutabera mu Rwanda

Kuba urukiko rwarategetse Mutsindashyaka kurwitaba nti-bikorwe, byibutsa ku wa 29 Gi-curasi 2007, ubwo Chantal Wer-abe, yahamazaga abagize board ya BCDI yose mu rubanza Kalisa Alfred yaregwagamo, ariko nti-bitabe. Nyuma Chantal Werabe yaje kwivana muri uru rubanza.

Izi ngero zombie, ni ikimenyet-so simusiga ko ubutabera bwo mu Rwanda buvangura, cyangwa se butigenga- aho ubushinjacyaha busuzugura icyemezo cy’urukiko.

Ingingo ya 121 y’itegeko No 20/2006 ryo kuwa 22 Mata 2006, rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko No 13/2004 ryo kuwa 17 Gicurasi 2004, ryerekeranye n’imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha (Penal procedure), ivuga ko urukiko rufite ububa-sha bwo gutegeka ikurikiranwa ry’umuntu runaka ukekwaho ubu-fatanyacyaha mu cyaha runaka mu gihe rubona ko hari ibimenyetso.

Igika cya kabiri giha Perezida w’urukiko ububasha bwo gu-hamagaza abafatanyacyaha mu gihe ubushinjacyaha budafite ubushake bwo kubakurikirana.

Muri izo manza ebyiri, niko byagenze, ariko ibyabaye kuri izo manza zombie, ni ikimenyetso cyuko amategeko mu Rwanda, ari ay’ibitabo gusa.

Na none kandi, Hitiyaremye ku-vuga ko ubushinjacyaha bumaze kubona ibimenyetso bihagije byo gushyikiriza ubutabera Mutsin-dashyaka, hanyuma ku munsi w’urubanza, ubushinjacyaha bu-kavuga ko bugikora iperereza, si ukwivuguruza gusa, ahubwo bi-hishe byinshi, ariko amaherezo bi-zajya ahagaragara ejobundi kuwa kane, tariki ya 03 Nzeli 2009.

Didas M. Gasana

Mutsindashyaka. (Photol Archives)

Urup. 3No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009,UMUSESO

AMAKURU

2010: Ingabire Victoire atangiriye mu Burayi, Kagame anyuze ‘sens unique’

► ‘Kagame ahereye mu ntara, RDF, Polisi, BNR na UNR’

► FDU ishobora kwifatanya n’andi mashyaka ya opozisiyo

Buri sekonda ihise, buri munota uhise, buri saha ihise, buri munsi uciye

ikibu, igihe kiragenda gisatira umunsi w’amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika mu Rwanda. Nub-wo umunsi nyirizina utarashyirwa ahagaragara, ikizwi nuko ategani-jwe mu kwezi kwa Nzeli 2010.

Ku bantu biyemeje guhatanira ‘kuba abagaragu ba rubanda’, im-insi iragenda amasigamana. Abo barimo Victoire Umuhoza Ingabi-re, Perezida wa Forces Démocra-tiques unifiées (FDU-Inkingi) na Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kag-ame, akaba na Perezida wa FPR Inkotanyi.

Nubwo ishyaka rya FPR Inkot-anyi ritaratangaza ku mugaragaro uzafata ibendera ryayo mu mato-ra, ukuri kwambaye ubusa ni uko Perezida Kagame ari we uzongera kwiyamamaza no kwamamazwa n’iryo shyaka kongera kuyobora (cyangwa ni ugutegeka) u Rwan-da, nyuma yo kurangiza manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7.

Hagati aho ariko, si Ingabire Victoire na Paul Kagame baha-ranira intebe yo mu Rugwiro gusa. Kugeza ubu, abandi ni nk’Umwami Kigeli Ndahin-durwa, wamaze no gushyiraho itsinda rigamije kwiga itahuka rye, rikuriwe na Dr. Christian Marara. Mu bandi bavugwaho kuzitabira amatora y’umwaka utaha, hari Deo Mushayidi wa PDP ndetse n’ishyaka rya Parti Liberal, riy-obowe na Protais Mitali.

Ariko muri abo bose, abamaze kwigaragaza muri kampanye, nubwo bamwe ari sens unique, ni Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza na Paul Kagame.

Ingabire Victoire wa FDU Inkingi, kugeza ubu ugiharanira kubona Passeport y’u Rwanda, ubu ari muri kampanye ku muga-bane w’u Burayi.

Aho aherutse mu minsi ishize ni mu guhugu cya Espanye, aho yagiranye ibiganiro na Pe-rezida wa Mallorca, ndetse n’itangazamakuru mpuzama-hanga.

Muri urwo ruzinduko rwa Inga-bire Victoire, yongeye gushiman-gira ko ishyaka ayoboye rya FDU Inkingi rizahatana mu matora ya Perezida w’igihugu, ryaba ry-onyine, cyangwa se rifatanyije n’andi mashyaka ya opozisiyo.

Twibutse ko ishyaka FDU Ink-ingi ryatangaje ku mugaragaro ko rizahatana mu matora ya Perezida wa Repubulika mu nama ya ‘bu-reau executif’ yaryo yabaye muri Nzeli 2008.

Mu ruzinduko yagiriye mu gi-hugu cya Espanye, ndetse no mu biganiro n’ibitanganzamakuru binyuranye, Ingabire yagarutse ku bibazo bikomeye biri mu Rwanda, birimo inzara mu duce tw’igihugu nko mu Bugesera na Kibungo, nkuko byagaragajwe na raporo ya Banki nyafurka itsura amajyam-bere iherutse, ndetse n’ikibazo cy’ubusumbane mu by’ubukungu mu Rwanda, bituma abaturage barushaho gukena.

Yagarutse kandi ku mpunzi z’abanyarwanda zahunze nyuma y’intambara yo mu 1994 zikome-je kwanga gutahuka kubera im-pamvu zitandukanye, ndetse n’abakomeje guhunga igihugu, nabo kubera impamvu zitandu-kanye.

Yagarutse kandi ku buryo Leta ya Kagame ikomeje kuniga ubwisanzure bwa sosiyete sivile, ndetse na opozisiyo muri rusange- ikimenyeso cyuko nta demokarasi iriho mu Rwanda.

Ishyaka rya FDU Inkingi risan-ga gushinyiriza, kwemera akaje cyangwa se kureka ibintu bik-aguma uko biri (statu quo) wit-waje inzitizi kugira ngo utagira icyo ukora, ari ugutiza umurindi ingoma.

Nta cyizere ko amatora azako-rwa mu mucyo

Victoire Ingabire n’ishyaka ay-

oboye nta cyizere bafite ko ama-tora ya Perezida wa Repubulika azakorwa mu mucyo, ariko kandi basanga badashobora gutegereza icyo cyizere, kuko basanga ntak-izabaho.

Ishyaka rya FDU Inkingi risan-ga gutegerereza icyo cyizere, ri-kaguma rikora opozisiyo hanze y’u Rwanda, ari uguha amahirwe ishyaka rya FPR riri kubutegetsi, akaba ari yo mpamvu ryiyemeje kuza mu Rwanda guhatana.

Ishyaka FDU kandi rivuga ko ayo matora akozwe mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure, nta kabuza ryat-sinda ayo matora. Bakongeraho kandi ko ayo matora naramuka ariganyijwe, bazayamagana bi-vuye inyuma. Gusa, ntibagaraga-za icyo kuyamagana bizamara.

Kagame we aciye ‘sens unique’Ubusanzwe, Perezida Kagame

ni umugaragu w’abanyarwanda, wihaye, akanagirirwa icyizere cyo kuyobora abanyarwanda, bit-yo agomba kumva ibibazo byabo, akanabafasha kubishakira umuti. Muri uko kumenya ibibazo byabo no kubishakira umuti, agomba ku-basura, dore ko bo biba bitaboro-heye kumusura. Hari abasanga ingendo amazemo iminsi ari byo

zigamije, ariko hari n’abasanga ari ukwiyamamaza mu nzira ya ‘sens unique’.

Ku buperezida bwe, nta na rimwe Perezida Kagame yari yas-ura ahantu hatandatu mu minsi itarenze 7, akaba ariyo mpam-vu abasesengura hafi politiki n’imitegekere ya Kagame, bas-anga Kagame yaratangiye kam-panye y’amatora ku mugaragaro.

Mu minsi mike ishize, Pe-rezida Kagame yasuye intara y’uburasirazuba, mu karere ka Nyagatare. Akivayo, yas-uye ibiro bikuru by’ingabo z’igihugu (RDF), akurikizaho polisi y’igihugu, akurikizaho BNR, akurikizaho Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, akurikizaho akarere ka Nyamagabe.

Mu magambo y’umunyapolitiki umwe ukomoka mu ishyaka rya PSD, ariko utarashatse ko amazi-na ye ashyirwa ahagaragara, izo ngendo za Perezida Kagame zig-amije gushakisha amajwi. Aganira n’Umuseso ku wa 25 Kanama 2009, uwo munyepolitiki yagize ati:

“Yego n’ubundi Perezida asura ibigo n’uturere, ariko uyu murava urenze gusura nyirizina. Ni ama-

jwi nta kindi.”Uwo munyepolitiki afite ukuri

mu byo avuga. Iyo umuntu as-esenguye abamotari bizihiza imyaka 6 bitoreye Perezida Kag-ame, akareba itorero ry’igihugu, akareba ingando z’abajyanama b’ubuzima b’imirenge yose igize u Rwanda, abona ko ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ryatangiye kampan-ye mu buryo butaziguye.

Abakandida ku munzaniUko bihagaze kugeza ubu

ariko, abakandida bamaze gutan-gaza ko bazahatana mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu- kuva kuri Deo Mushayidi na PDP ye, Inga-bire Victoire wa FDU, Kigeli Nda-hindurwa, dukurikije imyiteguro yabo kugeza ubu, nta n’umwe ufite political capital zihagije ku buryo batsinda umukandida wa FPR.

Nubwo FPR ifite amakosa menshi yakoze mu myaka im-aze itegetse u Rwanda, nubwo yabeshye abanyarwanda byinshi, nubwo yateshutse ku byo yem-ereye abanyarwanda, nubwo yat-eshutse ku nshingano zayo, hari abanyarwanda bagira bati: “naba na Kagame.”

Ibi bikiyongeraho ubujiji bw’abanyarwanda, aho usanga abanyarwanda bajya mu matora by’umuhango, bagatora bagen-deye ku marangamutima, batum-va ko ijwi ryabo ari ryo merekezo yabo.

Ibi bikiyongeraho n’ubwoba- abanyarwanda bumva ko bada-toye FPR, bizabaviramo ibibazo, bakayitora bigura, kubera guti-nya ‘coercive instruments of the state’, zirimo gutinya guhura na politiki y’urusyo.

Na none kandi, abo bakandida bahanganye na FPR bashoboye gukora kampanye igaragara, cy-angwa se hakavumbuka undi wiyemeje guhatana ku buryo bugaragara, niyo batsinda FPR, ‘probability’ yuko FPR yakwiba amajwi iraruta ko yakwemera ibivuye mu matora- kandi ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyiba.

Didas M. Gasana

Pereziza Kagame. (Photol Archives)

Victoire Ingabire. (Photol Archives)


IKINYAMAKURU KIMURIKIRA ABATURARWANDA

Ubwanditsi

Impamvu komisiyo y’amatora ikwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo

UKO MBYUMVA

na Didas M. GASANAUbutabera

burobanura si ubutabera

Dore Uko Tubibona

Umuyobozi mukuruCharles B. KaboneroCell: 0788354880

Umwanditsi mukuruDidas M. GasanaCell: 0788691253

Mu kinyamakuru Umuseso, No 355, kuri uru rupapuro, nanditse igitekerezo

gifite umutwe igira uti: “Impamvu ntazitabira amatora yo mu 2010.”

Muri icyo gitekerezo, nagara-gaje impamvu nyinshi zituma njye mbona ko kwitabira amatora, ari uguta umwanya, ariko nagaragaza ko ntagamije gukangurira abanyar-wanda kutayitabira. Zimwe muri izo mpamvu harimo ko ayo ma-tora atazanyemerera guhitamo aho igihugu kigana, kuko kugeza ubu, abamaze gutangaza ko bazahatana, badafite ubushobozi n’amahirwe angana yo gutsinda.

Indi mpamvu, ni imitegekere y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya FPR, yo gukoresha instruments of coer-cion mu gukanda abatavuga rumwe nayo, kutemera kunengwa, kandi iri niryo shingiro rya demokarasi n’ubwisanzure mu kwiyamamaza mu matora; kuko nta kundi uwa-hangana na FPR yayitsinda, ateretse abanyarwanda ibyo FPR yananiwe gukora.

Impamvu ya gatatu, ni ukuti-genga kwa komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora, naho iya nyuma nagara-gaje ikaba ari imiterere ya sosiyete nyarwanda- kuba batajijutse ku buryo bagomba kumva ko ari bo ba nyiri ubutegetsi.

Ikibazo gikomeye cyane muri ibyo bibazo byose, ndetse bimwe muri ibyo bibazo byose binashingi-yeho, ni imiterere no kutigenga kwa komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora.

Ibi byo si mu Rwanda gusa, biri hose mu bihugu bitaratera im-bere muri demokarasi. Ariko mu Rwanda ho ni urucabana. Igikorwa cy’amatora, ni kimwe mu bipimo fatizo mpuzamahanga bya demoka-rasi kuko ari bwo buryo bwonyine abaturage bashobora kuba ba nyiri ubutegetsi, bitorera ababayobora, ijwi ryabo ari ryo jambo rikagira agaciro, kandi abo batoye kubayob-ora bakaba answerable ku baturage (kubaha raporo).

Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, ni uko urwego rushinzwe amatora ari rwo komisiyo y’amatora igomba kuba yigenga (independent), nta shyaka cyangwa se umuntu n’umwe ibog-amiyeho (neutrality). Mu Rwanda ariko siko bimeze.

Mu Rwanda, Perezida wa komisiyo y’amatora ari we Prof. Chrisologue Karangwa, ni umwe mu bakomiseri ba FPR. Ntabwo bishobora kumvikana ukuntu Pe-rezida wa komisiyo y’amatora, ashobora kutabogamira ku ishyaka rye mu gihe cy’amatora ndetse

n’imiterere y’ibiva mu matora.Usibye n’ibyo, nkuko twakome-

je kubibagaragariza, komisiyo y’igihugu y’amatora, yakome-je kwitwara nabi mu gikorwa cy’amatora, haba mu kwica am-ategeko ayigenga, haba mu kuba-hirizwa amabwiriza agenga ibarura ry’amajwi, haba uburiganya mu gutangaza ibyavuye mu matora n’ibindi.

Twibukiranye ko bimwe mu byat-angajwe n’indorerezi zakurikiranye amatora, harimo kudahuza umubare w’amajwi, n’udupapuro tw’itora, ni ukuvuga ngo habayemo uburiganya mu byavuye mu matora.

Tom Stoppard ati: “igikorwa cy’amatora sicyo gitanga demoka-rasi, ahubwo demokarasi ni ibarura ry’amajwi.” (It's not the voting that's democracy; it's the counting).

Joseph Stalin nawe yungamo ati: “Those who vote decide nothing; those who count the votes decide everything.” Mu kinyarwanda yag-ize ati: “Abatora nta kintu na kimwe bahitamo, ababarura amajwi, nibo bahitamo.”

Ambrose Bierce we ati: “An elec-tion is nothing more than the ad-vanced auction of stolen goods.” Ni ukuvuga ngo amatora ntacyo aricyo usibye guteza cyamunara ibintu byibwe.” Ubwo yavugaga amajwi yibwe, atezwa cyamu-nara na komisiyo z’amatora, ak-agurwa n’ufite amafaranga menshi n’imbaraga nyinshi.

Izo mpungenge z’abo banyepoli-tiki batatu zifite ishingiro cyane, kandi zikanahurira ku bwigenge bwa komisiyo z’ibihugu z’amatora.

Nkuko natangiye mbivuga, si mu Rwanda gusa Komisiyo y’amatora itigenga. No muri Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe, n’ahandi ni uko.

Mu matora ya Perezida wa Re-pubulika aherutse mu gihugu cya Kenya, Perezida wa Komisiyo

y’amatora yatangaje ko Perezida Mwai Kibaki ari we watsinze am-atora. Nyuma y’amasaha make, uko umuriro wakomezaga kuza-muka kubera amatora, yarivugu-ruje, avuga ko mu by’ukuri, atazi uwatsinze amatora. Ni ukuvuga ko yari yategetswe uwo ari butangaze ko yatsinze amatora, atazi ibyavuye mu ibarura, kandi akuriye komisiyo y’amatora.

Ayo matora ateganyijwe mu mwa-ka umwe, azatwara akayabo ka mili-yari 6, mu gihe mu by’ukuri ibizava-mo, ntashobora kwemeza ko bizaba ari ibyifuzo by’abanyarwanda- ku-bera uko komisiyo yitwaye mu ma-tora ashize.

Ndashaka kuvuga iki rero? Mu bihugu byinshi by’Afurika, mper-eye ku Rwanda, amakomisiyo y’amatora akwiye kwegurirwa abikorera ku giti cyabo. Abikor-era ku giti cyabo sinshaka kuvuga Private Sector ya Hategeka Em-manuel, ahubwo ndashaka kuvuga abantu cyangwa se ibigo bidafite aho bihuriye na Leta iriho, cyangwa se abahanganye na Leta.

Iki gitekerezo kiragoye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, hariho n’ababona ari inzozi, ariko burya ibintu byabaye-ho bikomeye ku isi byatangiye ari inzozi (all great developments begin as dreams). Kiragoye kuko abap-erezida b’ibyo bihugu batabyemera, ariko nibyo guharanirwa.

Njye nsanga umuryango w’abibumbye (nubwo nawo ufite inenge nyinshi), ukwiye gushyi-raho ishami ryihariye ryo gutegura amatora mu bihugu bitarangwamo demokarasi, n’u Rwanda rurimo, hakanabaho urukiko mpuzama-hanga utishimiye ibyavuye mu ma-tora yaregamo.

Amatora nk’aba mu Rwanda, Uganda, cyangwa se ayabaye muri Kenya, cyangwa Zimbabwe, ntacyo amarira abaturage b’ibyo bihugu, ndetse n’uwiyambaje inkiko, ntacyo bimara kuko ubutabera buba bukor-era ku gitutu cya guverinoma.

Iryo shami ryakurirwa n’abantu babaye intangarugero muri politiki ku isi, nka Nelson Mandela, Jimmy Carter, n’abandi nkabo. Bakore-shwa mu nyungu runaka, hakabaho inzira za ‘legal redress’.

Iyo mvuga ibi siko nishimira ko abanyamahanga ari bo bajera desti-ny yacu, ahubwo, ni uko abategetsi mu bihugu by’igitugu, bananiwe kujera destiny y’ibihugu byabo, kandi n’abenegihugu, nk’u Rwan-da, bakaba baremeye akaje. Wowe ubyumva ute?

Cellphone: 0788691253E-mail: [email protected]

Bibaye ubugira kabiri. Habanje urubanza rwa Alfred Gakuba Kalisa, aho urukiko rwategetse ko abagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya BCDI bose bitaba urukiko, ariko siko

byagenze.

Na none, mu rubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo Charles Gasana, Vincent Gatwabuyenge na Alexis Mugarura, urukiko rwategetse ko Theoneste Mutsin-dashyaka, Marie Claire Mukasine, Alexis Karani na Jean Marie Vianney Makombe, bitaba urukiko kubera ubufatanyacyaha bakekwaho, ariko siko byagenze.

Ibi bigaragaza ibintu byinshi, birimo gusuzugura ibyemezo by’inkiko, gukingira ikibaba no gutesha agaciro itegeko nshinga rivuga ko abantu bose bareshya imbere y’amategeko.

Ibi nibyo itangazamakuru ryigenga rikunze kugara-gaza. Ibi nibyo imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ikunze kugarukaho, abategetsi b’u Rwanda bati abo ni abanzi b’u Rwanada.

FPR ihora ibwira abanyarwanda ko mu Rwanda hari demokarasi, ubutabera, uburenganzira bwa muntu, ariko mu by’ukuri, izo manza ebyiri, ni imwe muri za gihamya nyinshi zigaragaza ko ibyo byose ntabihari mu Rwanda.

Amategeko arobanura, abantu batareshya imbere y’amategeko, ni ikimenyetso cy’ubutabera buvangura, kandi ntabwo bikwiye kwitwa ubutabera.


IBIHE

Ibya Senateri Safari biracyayogayoga►Ishyaka rye PSP mu gihirahiro►Yashinjaga abandi ingengabitekerezo nawe yaramumunze

Uyu munyapolitiki w’umusaza wariye ingoma nyinshi, ya-menyekanye mu gihe

cy’amashyaka menshi ku ngoma ya Habyarimana ari mu Ishyaka MDR, ariko akaba yarakoze imirimo itan-dukanye nk’umukozi wa Teritwari ya Kibuye mu gihe cy’abakoloni, aba n’umukozi wa Leta mu gihe cy’ubwigenge. Mu gihe cy’inkubiri y’amashyaka nyuma y’ishyaka ru-kumbi MRND, Safari yagiye muri MDR ivuguruye iretse kuba par-imehutu. Mu gihe andi mashyaka yifatanyaga n’interahamwe bakaba power, yaciye ukubiri n’igipande cya Karamira wari uhagarariye MDR power mu mujyi wa Kigali ajya mu gipande cy’abitwaga Ama-jyojyi cyari gikuriwe na Twagira-mungu. Mu gihe ubwicanyi bukaze bwa jenoside bwatangiriraga ku banyepolitiki, ab’ibanze bamushak-ishije ngo bamwice ni abo bari bafa-tanyije ishyaka batari bishimiye ko yitandukanyije nabo, maze bajya i Gikondo aho yari atuye bamubuze baramusenyera.

Ubwo FPR yari imaze gufata ubutegetsi nyuma ya jenoside, uyu musaza yazanye na bagenzi be bari basigaye barikusanya bongeramo n’abandi bashya, babyutsa MDR abona umwanya mu Nteko Ishin-gamategeko Umutwe w’Abadepite. Bimaze kugaragara ko MDR ifite ingufu za politiki zishobora kuza-bangamira inyungu za FPR, Depite Safari Stanley yarakoreshejwe ku-gira ngo MDR isenyuke. Byatangi-ye bicamo ibice, maze Safari induru ayiha umunwa ahimba amagambo mashya, asobanura ko MDR arimo harimo abafite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, yereka FPR ko, ibitek-erezo bya PARIMEHUTU bikiri muri MDR. Yahawe umwanya mu biganiro byinshi kuri Radio Rwan-da na televiziyo akora mu muho-go avuga ibibi bya MDR, inama bamwe muri bo bakoresha rwihish-wa zirimo ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, maze ibintu birashyuha, bamwe barimo Depite Bizimana Jean Léonard barafungishwa.

Muri 2002, ubwo FPR yiteguraga kwinjira mu matora, hadutse ikibazo cyuko ishyaka MDR rifite ingenga-bitekerezo ya giparimehutu. Nyu-ma y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y’Umutwe w’Abadepite yari iyobowe na Depite Mukama Abbas kuri iryo shyaka, MDR, bay-ihaye igihano cyo guseswa, ariko ntibyajyanwa mu rukiko. Mu gihe amashyaka yasabwaga kwiyandiki-sha bundi bushya, MDR ntiyari kwiyandikisha kandi yarasheshwe.

Nyuma y’amatora y’Abadepite mu mwaka wa 2003, Safari Stanley yagororewe umwanya na Perezida Paul Kagame ashyirwa muri Sena aba umusenateri atyo, mu myan-ya yagenewe abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka.

Nk’umunyapolitiki wazobereye mu kuvuga amagambo menshi, mu gihe abari muri MDR birukiraga muri FPR, Safari Stanley yashinze ishyaka rye na bagenzi be bake ashyiramo n’abandi bashya, maze aryita PSP. Ibyo byatumye iryo shyaka rye ribona umwanya umwe mu Nteko Ishingamategeko nyuma y’amatora y’Abadepite aherutse kuba.Gacaca yamuhamije jenoside Nk’uko twabibatangarije, Sena-teri Safari Stanley yaburanishijwe n’Inteko gacaca yari yaturutse ku Kimironko kuko yari aherutse kwihana inyangamugayo za Bu-tare i Cyarwa, aho yaregwaga ko yakoreye ibyaha. Mu mayeri ye menshi no kumenya kuvuga amag-ambo menshi neza, abahohotewe bamwe batari baje mu rubanza igihe yari yitabye Inteko, yabajijwe niba yumva urubanza rwakomeza badahari bakazaba baza nyuma. Mu kugaragaza impuhwe zirimo amayeri, yabwiye Inteko ko bak-wiye kureka bakazaza bose, bityo bituma basubika urubanza, naho arashakisha uko azitorokera mu mahoro! Ni uko byagenze rero ya-hise yiyambukira amazi magari aba yiyemeje icyaha atyo, maze gacaca imaze kumva abatangabuhamya n’abafatanyacyaha be, imugenera igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu

y’umwihariko yitwa adahari.

Mbese Itegeko Nshinga ryaruba-hirijwe?Mu itegeko Nshinga u Rwanda rugenderaho nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 69 agaka ka 2º, havuga ko mu gihembwe nta n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ish-ingamategeko, ukekwaho icyaha cy’ubugome cyangwa gikomeye, ushobora gukurikiranwa cyangwa gufatwa keretse byatangiwe ubu-renganzira n’Umutwe w’Inteko arimo.

Agaka ka 3º karavuga ngo: iyo atari mu gihembwe, nta n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishingamategeko ushobora gufatwa Biro y’Umutwe w’Inteko arimo itabitangiye ubu-renganzira, keretse yafatiwe mu cy-uho akora icyo cyaha cy’ubugome; Biro y’Umutwe arimo waratanze uburenganzira bwo kumukurikira-na, cyangwa yaraciwe igihano ku buryo budasubirwaho. Umuntu wese mu bagize Inteko Ishinga-mategeko waciwe igihano ku buryo budasubirwaho n’urukiko kubera icyaha cy’ubugome ahita asez-ererwa mu Mutwe w’Inteko arimo, byemejwe n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

Ni iyihe ngingo yakurikijwe kuri Senateri Safari Stanley?

Umutwe wa Sena wamukuye mu Nteko nyuma ya gacaca!Nyuma y’ibyo byaha bikomeye bya jenoside yavugwagaho, Safari Stanley yari akiri mu Nteko Ishin-gamategeko Umutwe wa Sena. Aho bamariye kumva ko gacaca yamu-hamije icyaha, ndetse ngo bakaba bari bafite n’amakuru bahawe na polisi ko atakiri mu gihugu, byon-geye akaba yari amaze iminsi ati-tabira imirimo y’Inteko, ku itariki ya 10 Kamena 2009 saa cyenda, Abasenateri barateranye basuzuma ikibazo cye.

Kuri gahunda y’uwo munsi, cyari ku mwanya wa kabiri. Bamaze gusuzuma no kwemeza ishingiro ry’umushinga w’itegeko ryemerera burundu amasezerano yashyiriweho umukono i Kigali, ku wa 16 Mata

2007, hagati ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’Ubwami bw’u Bubiligi yo kuvanaho gusoresha kabiri no kwirinda forode n’ihisha ry’imisoro ku byerekeye imisoro ku musaruro no ku mari shingiro, no kuritora, bakurikijeho Safari Stanley.

Umuyobozi wa Sena Dr. Biruta yabanje kugaragaza imwe mu ng-ingo z’itegeko ngengamikorere ya Sena ivuga ko iyo umusena-teri amaze iminsi atitabira imi-rimo y’inama kandi nta bisoba-nuro yatanze, ko hari kimwe mu bihano ahabwa : gukatwa igice cy’umushahara; kumugaya mu ruhame, cyangwa kumukura bu-rundu mu Nteko. Yasobanuye ko bari baherutse kumwandikira bamwihanangiriza, ariko ntiyas-ubiza kuko atari ahari. Yasobanuye ko bandikiye polisi ngo ikurikirane iby’ibura rye, maze ngo ku itariki ya 31 Gicurasi 2009 polisi ibabwira ko yavuye mu gihugu. Perezida wa Sena Dr. Visenti Biruta yongeyeho ko igishya bamenye ari uko gacaca yamaze kumuhamya icyaha cya jenoside akaba yarakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu.

Asabye Abasenateri guhitamo igihano Senateri Safari Stanley yahabwa bikurikije ibiteganywa n’itegeko ngengamikorere ry-abo hifashishijwe ingingo ya 99, Senateri Kubwimana wabimburi-ye abandi, yasabye ko yavanwa muri Sena. Senateri Karemera wamwunganiye, yasobanuye ko no mu mategeko asanzwe, biga-ragara ko atari gukomeza imirimo kandi yarahamijwe icyaha cya je-noside. Yongeyeho ko hari n’ibindi byaha yari afite(amakuru yageraga ku kinyamakuru Umuseso akaba yaravugaga ko n’Ishyaka rye ryari ryaratanze ikirego muri komisiyo ya politiki ya Sena ko abiba ama-cakubbiri n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside).

Ku itariki ya 06 Kanama 2009, iki cyaha cyaturutse mu ishyaka rye kikaba cyaravuzweho muri Sena nyuma yo gutora uzamusimbura ku buyobozi bw’iryo shyaka, dore ko n’inama yatoraga yagaragayemo ayo macakubiri igipande kimwe ngo kikaba cyaragumye hanze kikanga kwinjira ngo bafatanye n’abandi kubera kutumvikana !

Senateri Munyabagisha yavuze ko badakwiye guca ku ruhande bash-ingira ku itegeko ngengamikorere ryabo ritanga ibihano rishingiye ku kutaboneka kw’Umusenateri kandi bazi uko ibintu bimeze, ko ahubwo umuyobozi nk’uwo bitemewe kuva mu gihugu adasabye uruhushya, no kuba yarahamijwe jenoside.

Ku cyo kuba yarahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside na gacaca, Dr. Visenti Biruta yasobanuye ko Safari yari agifite iminsi 15 yo kujurira, bityo akaba yari atarahamwa n’icyaha ku buryo budasubirwaho nk’uko ing-ingo ya 91 y’itegeko ngengamiko-rere yabo ibivuga.

Senateri Sebishwi wasimbuye Mpayimana Elie wapfuye, niwe wa nyuma mu batse ijambo, avuga ko igikwiye gushingirwaho ari uko Safari Stanley yabuze ku mirimo yashinzwe n’abaturage ahagarari-ye, no kuba atakiri mu Rwanda.

Nk’uko amategeko ngengamiko-rere yabo abiteganya, habaye amatora mu ibanga banditse. Ku basenateri 19 bari bahari, hifashe umwe, abandi bose batora ko Sa-fari Stanley avanywe muri Sena burundu bakoresheje yego. Itege-ko Nshinga rikaba rinavuga ko na none buri Mutwe w’Inteko Ishinga-mategeko ushobora guteganya, mu mategeko ngengamikorere yawo, amakosa akomeye atuma umwe mu bawugize akurwa ku mirimo byem-ejwe n’abagize uwo Mutwe. Icyo gihe icyemezo cyo kumukuraho gi-fatwa ku bwiganze bwa bitatu bya gatanu(3/5) by’abagize Umutwe w’Inteko bireba.

Icyo twavuga kuri Safari Stanley nyuma yo gutoroka ubutabera, ni uko umunsi azamara gushyira umutima hamwe adafashwe, natangira guko-ra mu muhogo we azavuga, kugira ngo abone uko yumvikana n’abari abayoboke ba MDR yashenye bari hanze y’igihugu, nabo bashobora kuzamushakisha bamushakamo amabanga y’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu yabayemo akunzwe cy-ane, none akaba ahisemo kubahun-ga. Amacakubiri asize mu ishyaka rye azarangira ate ? Ni ukubitega amaso !

Habuhazi Innocent

Senateri Safari Stanley. (Photol Archives)


ISESENGURA

Abanyarwanda barushwa agaciro n’amasosiyete y’abikorera ku giti cyabo

Uko iminsi igenda ihita indi igataha, umunyarwanda aragen-da agabanyirizwa agaciro, cy-ane cyane imbere ya Leta kuko itamwitaho ngo imenye ibibazo afite kandi ibishakire umuti.

Bimwe mu bigaragaza uko kutitabwaho na Leta ku mun-yarwanda, ni uburyo hari amasosiyete, cyane cyane ay’abanyamahanga asigaye yiyemeza kwiba abanyarwan-da ku mugaragaro, nyamara ugategereza icyo Leta yabi-vugaho ugaheba. Muri iyi minsi, isosiyete ya mbere iri-mo kwiba abanyarwanda mu buryo bwinshi butandukanye, ni isosiyete y’itumanaho riko-resheje telephone zigendanwa MTN Rwandacell. Uburyo bwa mbere yakoresheje, ni ubwo gukata amafaranga ku matere-fone hafi ya yose cyangwa yose y’abakiriya bayo, bimaze ku-vugwa cyane no guteza ibibazo, ihitamo kubabwira ko igiye kuyabasubiza, nyamara kugera uyu munsi hari benshi bemeza ko ayo mafaranga bakaswe batayabonye. Ibyo nk’uko abanyarwanda babitojwe kandi babitegetswe; kutagaragaza akarengane bakorerwa byarahise ariko MTN Rwandacell ahub-wo noneho ishaka uburyo bwo kongera kurya abanyarwanda. Ibyo yabikoze ihagarika uburyo bwari busanzwe bwo kubona amafaranga asigaye muri tel-efoni, ibyo biba nk’umunsi wose. Icyatangaje kandi kiba-baje, ni uko umuntu yaherukaga afite amafaranga muri telefoni ye, yahamagara, akajya kumva, akumva amafaranga ashizemo ku buryo butunguranye ager-eranyije n’uko amafaranga yajyaga agenda. Aha usibye kuba hagenda amafaranga, ni n’uburyo bwo gukoresha nabi abanyarwanda kuko bifite in-garuka zo kuba umuntu yatere-fona mugenzi we amafaranga yenda gushira muri telephone, bigatuma atabasha kurangiza gahunda ze uko yabiteganyije bikamutera gusuzugurika cy-angwa bikamuteranya n’abo ba-gombaga gukorana bakoresheje telefone zigendanwa za MTN. Ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwa mbere navuze haruguru bwa-koreshejwe na MTN mu kwiba abanyarwanda, navuga bwater-anyije abantu by’umwihariko mu ngo. Umugabo akarambika telefone hasi, yakongera kuyi-fata agasanga amafaranga yari arimo ntayakirimo cyangwa

yagabanutse. Ubwo yahitaga ahindukirana abo mu rugo ndetse bigatera ikibazo gikom-eye mu muryango. Indi sosiyete y’abikorera iherutse gukorera nabi abanyarwanda, ni isosiyete izwi ku izina rya KBS(Kigali Bus Services), ikora ibijy-anye no gutwara abagenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali. Iyo sosi-yete yaje mu mujyi wa Kigali ikenewe ariko kandi inakora neza ariko hari ubwo ivangira abakiriya bayo ndetse bigaku-rura n’amakimbirane hagati y’abakiriya n’abakomvuwayeri ndetse n’abashoferi kubera imi-korere idasobanutse kandi ntiy-umvikane. Ikibazo giherutse kuba hagati y’iyo sosiyete n’abakiriya bayo, gishingiye ku matike(ticket) atangwa, umu-genzi akazigenderaho. Ibyo bibazo byabaye ku wa mbere tariki ya 17 Kanama 2009; mu gitondo cy’uwo munsi, ubwo umuntu yayitegaga akishyu-ra amafaranga magana abiri, aguze tike(ticket) imara isaha. Yamara kugera mu modoka bakamubwira ko iyo tike (tick-et) itakimara umunsi ahubwo ita agaciro ugisohoka mu modoka. Igitangaje, ni uko abakom-vuwayeri b’izo modoka was-angaga batabifiteho amakuru n’abayafite ugasanga badafite amwe kuko bamwe bavugaga ko zavuyeho nyamara abandi bazitanga. Ikindi kibazo gihari, ni uko iyo uguze tike(ticket) y’amafaranga magana atanu imara umunsi, ugomba kuyig-ura ufite icyangombwa cyawe kiriho n’ifoto. Iyo udafite icyo cya ngombwa uba uhombye. Hagati aho umuntu yakwibaza niba abanyarwanda batagiye guta amarangamuntu yabo ku bwinshi cyangwa se uko biza-genda ubwo abanyamitwe bo mu mujyi wa Kigali bazatangira kubeshyera abakomvuwayeri ko babahaye ibyangombwa byabo.

Nk’uko twabitangarijwe n’abakora muri izo modoka, batubwiye ko intandaro y’uko kutumvikana n’abakiriya babo, ari uko abakiriya bafataga tick-

et bakayikoresha ari benshi, iy’amafaranga magana abiri, umaze kugera mu modoka akay-ihereza mugenzi we, ayinyujije mu idirishya, iya magana atanu bakayikoresha nayo ari ben-shi, urangije urugendo akayiha undi. Gusa iyo urebye inyungu z’abanyarwanda, usanga nta bu-jura n’amanyanga birimo kuko niba umuntu akoze umush-inga nk’uriya, agashyiraho amatike(tickets) nk’ariya, aba yizeye uburyo bitazamuhom-bya. Ikind cyabaye ikibazo cyane, ni uburyo iyo sosiyete ijya gutangira yabimenyesheje abanyarwanda, nyamara uwo munsi yajya guhindura imiko-rere ntibibamenyeshe. Nubwo ubu byasubiye mu buryo, nta gushidikanya ko byatwaye amafaranga y’abanyarwanda atari make atazabagarukira kandi bikanabakoresha nabi uwo munsi. Hagati aho umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko aban-yarwanda bashobora kuba ba-rika cyane cyane iyo ubarya ashyigikiwe na Leta. Nawe se

hari aho hashyizweho ibiciro ku yandi mamodoka akora umu-rimo wo gutwara abantu ndetse hagashyirwaho na za nimero za telefone z’inzego zishobora kwiyambazwa, harimo n’iza RURA, nyamara iyo sosiyete ikaba ishobora guhindura imi-korere umunsi wose nta nkuriki-zi. Ntawe utakwibaza niba iriya mikorere y’amasosiyete agamije kwiba abanyarwanda RURA itayimenya cyangwa niba iyimenya ikirinda kuvutsa Leta imisoro cyangwa se ikir-inda guhungabanya ubucuruzi bw’abanyemari bikorera. Ure-tse ko niyo itabimenya, cyaba ari cyo kibazo gikomeye kuko nayo yaba ntacyo imaze cy-angwa se ifite imikorere mibi. Ikigaragara,ni uko ubu umun-yarwanda ntawe umurengera imbere y’akarengane n’ubujura akorerwa n’amasosiyete y’abikorera. Aha nakwibutsa ko navuze uburyo amasosiyete akomeje kwiba abanyarwanda, ariko sinabirangije. Mu gihe kiri imbere tuzabagezaho uburyo

Ibiciro byo kwamamazaKu rupapuro rw’umweru n’umukaraUrupapuro rwose: 400.000 FRW½ cy’urupapuro: 250.000 FRW¼ cy’urupapuro: 150.000 FRW1/8 cy’urupapuro: 80.000 FRWEye-Piece: 50.000 FRW

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Uko ugenda wamamaza inshuro nyinshi, ugabanyirizwa ku buryo bukurikira:Inshuro enye (4) 5%Inshuro umunani (8) 10%Inshuro cumi n’ebyiri (12) 15%Inshuro makumyabiri n’enye (24) 20%Inshuro mirongo ine n’umunani (48) 25%

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Uri umucuruzi none urifuza ko abakiriya bakugana ku bwinshi, batumeho Umuseso maze wirebere; ababikoze nibo bazi ibanga! Wizuyaza, kandi imiryango ihora ikinguye!

hari andi masosiyete akoresha abanyarwanda amasaha asaga ay’umunsi wose nta kiruhuko, nyamara yajya guhembwa, aga-hembwa intica ntikize n’akandi karengane. Aha naho umuntu ahita yibaza icyo amatege-ko y’umurimo amaze ndetse n’amashyirahamwe arengera umukozi icyo yaba akora.Ubu amasosiyete menshi asigaye yarashoboye abanyarwanda, abaha uduhendabana abinyu-jije mu matombora. Amaher-ezo ndetse n’urusimbi ruzajya rukinwa ku mugaragaro. Ni na-bwo tuzabagezaho ibijyanye na tombora ya BRALIRWA kugeza uyu munsi irimo gukemangwa. Twagerageje kwegera abakozi bayo bari bashinzwe iriya tom-bora ngo baduhe ibisobanuro ku manyanga yagaragayemo ba-komeza kubikwepa, ariko turiz-era ko ubutaha tuzaba twabonye ibisobanuro bihagije.

Muri rusange Leta yagombye mbere na mbere kurengera iny-ungu z’abanyarwanda, iz’abantu ku giti cyabo zikaza nyuma. Bitabaye ibyo n’ubukene buri mu Rwanda ntaho bwazajya kuko amafaranga akomeje kwisahurirwa n’abanyamahanga ndetse n’abanyarwanda bamara kuyagwiza bakigendera.

Nsabimana AlphonseE-mail:nsabalphonse2@

yahoo.fr


Umujyanama wa FPR yiyemereye ko amatora ari umuhango abajya, mu myanya baba bazwi

AMATORA

Demokarasi mu mpapuro ivuga ko ubutegetsi ari ubwa rubanda,

kandi bukaba butangwa na ru-banda bukanakorera rubanda. Ibi mu mvugo ni byiza nta nenge bifite, ariko siko biko-rwa mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, by’umwihariko muri Afuri-ka. Kuba abategetsi cyangwa abayobozi bava muri rubanda byo ni ukuri, ariko uko bavan-wamo bajya mu butegetsi cy-angwa ubuyobozi nibyo kibazo, kigira n’ingaruka ku baturage. Mu Rwanda hakorwa amatora y’uburyo bwinshi, ariko uko ategurwa, abayategura, uko bayakora ni ikibazo ku batur-age. Amazina y’abazatorwa avugwa mbere y’amatora kan-di amatora yarangira ugasanga ibyo bavuze niko byagenze kandi bizwi ko ababivuze atari abahanuzi! Ni ukuvuga ko ib-intu bipangirwa hejuru abo basi bakabishyira mu bikorwa. Amatora aba by’umurimbo ibarura ry’amajwi rigahu-za n’ibyifuzo by’abategura amatora. Ari abatora, ari n’abatorwa bose baba barang-iza umuhango. Umutegetsi cy-angwa umuyobozi washyizwe mu mwanya muri ubwo buryo, imitegekere ye cyangwa im-iyoborere ye biragoye kugira ngo rubanda bayiyumvemo kuko nta ruhare rugaragara baba bagize mu gutanga ib-itekerezo. Umuyobozi wese yubaha amabwiriza yahawe n’umukuriye kuruta abaturage. Hagati y’ibyo umuyobozi ku rwego uru n’uru yifuza ko uwo hasi, n’ibyo abaturage bifuza haba hari ikinyuranyo. Mbese umuturage afite uruhe ruhare mu mitegekere y’igihugu? Ni uwuhe mwanya afite mu gush-yiraho no gukuraho abayobozi iyo bakoze nabi? Politiki yo kwegereza abaturage ubuy-obozi n’ubushobozi imaze kw-era izihe mbuto?

Mu minsi ishize, Iki-

go cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Ama-horo cyakoresheje inama y’umunsi umwe mu nyubako yabo nshya ku Gisozi, hagami-jwe kugaragaza ibyo babwiwe n’abantu banyuranye hirya no hino mu gihugu no hanze yacyo bitanzwe n’Abanyarwanda, ku byerekeranye n’ibyo bibazo twavuze haruguru.

Hagaragajwe ko gahunda ya Leta n’ubushake bwa politiki buriho ari byiza, ariko uko ib-intu bikorwa ntibinogeye abat-urage kuko byinshi mu bye-mezo bifatwa bibagwa hejuru kandi bikabagiraho ingaruka zitari nziza kuri byinshi.

Benshi mu batanze ibiteker-ezo muri iyo nama, bagaragaje ko muri Afurika ubuyobozi bukigendera ku muntu. Ubu-basha bw’abaturage mu gufata ibyemezo ntibugaragara. Iyo Meya adashaka Umuyobozi w’Umurenge, iyo Guverineri adashaka Meya, bakora uko bashoboye mu bubasha bafite bakabavanaho. Baba bifash-ishije Njyanama cyangwa babikoze mu bundi buryo. Abaturage ntacyo bashob-ora gukora ngo umuyobozi bashaka agumeho niyo yaba akora neza. Birushaho kuba bibi iyo bumvise yavanyweho ntibabwirwe ibyaha yakoze, ahubwo ahenshi bakumva ngo ni ku mpamvu ze kandi ama-ranye iminsi nabo atababwiye

ko byamunaniye. Ntabwo ashobora no kubona umwanya wo kuvuga ko hari abamunan-ije. Hagaragajwe ko ibyemezo biza byihuse kandi bitunguye abaturage, bikaba bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa vuba byanze bikunze. Hatanzwe in-gero z’ikurwaho ry’imiyenzi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, guseny-era rubanda, kubategeka gusiga amarange hakurikijwe amabara umuyobozi ashaka, bakaba bagomba kubyemera banze bakunze! Hari abaga-ragaje ko, imihigo ikorwa iba igamije gushimisha abayobozi itaturutse muri rubanda, bi-tyo umuyobozi wabisezeraniye umukuriye agashyira agahato kuri rubanda rutabyemeje biba-vuyemo ubwabo. Bamwe mu bari muri iyo nama, bavuze ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo ari nko guhambira umwana amaguru ukamusaba kwiruka!

Abayobozi bigenga mu mitek-erereze bashobora gutinyuka kubwira ababakuriye ko ibite-ganyijwe atari byo abaturage bahagarariye bakeneye, bakaba bashobora kubavuguruza nti-bajya bigaragaza mu Rwanda. Icyo bahitamo ni uguceceka kugira ngo barye kabiri nk’uko zimwe mu nararibonye zabi-vuze muri iyo nama.

IRDP yasabwe gukora ubush-akashatsi bwimbitse, igatiny-uka igashaka abayobozi bose bamaze kweguzwa cyangwa kwegura benshi bari hirya no hino mu gihugu, kugira ngo Abanyarwanda bamenye aho ikibazo kiri mu miyoborere y’igihugu.

Asoza iyo nama, Umuy-obozi wa IRDP Rwanyindo Ruzirabwoba Petero, yaravuze ati: “nyamara hari ibyo abatur-age batinubira bibagwa hejuru kandi byiza. Girinka, amashuri

n’ibindi byiza. Yego bigwa ku bantu ariko bikabagirira akamaro”.

Icyo abaturage bahawe n’abayobozi, kiba kivuye mu menyo ya rubamba!

Uko abaturage bakirwa n’inzego zinyuranye za Leta n’uburyo badakemurirwa ibibazo, nibyo bigaragaza ko serivisi zidatangwa neza. Kuba abayobozi babegereye nabyo ni byiza, ariko icyangombwa ni ukureba icyo babamariye. Ibi na Perezida Paul Kagame yabibera umugabo kuko iyo abonye umwanya akajya ku-ganira n’abaturage babimugara-gariza, uretse ko abamugeraho ari bake ugereranyije n’ababa bafite ibibazo akenshi batewe n’abayobozi bamwe. Kuki abaturage bahora basiragira mu nzego, ibibazo ntibikemuke? Umwe mu bahagarariye Leta wanavuze ko yakoze ubusha-kashatsi ari muri MINALOC, ubwo yari muri iyo nama ya IRDP, yavuze systeme yubatse neza, ndetse n’Imihigo ikaba ikorwa neza, ariko hari abaga-ragaje ko igiti cyiza kitera im-buto nziza, bigoye gukomeza kucyita cyiza. Muzehe Seba-soni w’inararibonye ya FPR amaze kumva ko abenshi bari muri iyo nama bemeza ko aba-jya mu myanya y’ubuyobozi baba bapanzwe hakiri kare, ya-sobanuye ko amatora ya mbere ari uko byakozwe, aya kabiri hashyirwamo bake, ariko ngo ay’ubutaha abaturage bazitor-era neza!

Kutabaza rubanda ni ukubasuzugura

Iyo wubaha abaturage ubagi-sha inama, cyangwa ukabanza kubabaza mbere y’ibyo ugiye kubakorera. Iyo batanze ibitek-erezo byabo berekanye ibibazo

Komeza ku urup. 15

SG wa FPR Ngarambe Francois. (Photol Archives)

Hagaragajwe ko gahunda ya Leta

n’ubushake bwa politiki buriho ari byiza, ariko

uko ibintu bikorwa ntibinogeye abaturage

kuko byinshi mu byemezo bifatwa bibagwa hejuru

kandi bikabagiraho ingaruka zitari nziza kuri

byinshi


POLITIKI

Ingaruka z’igitugu cya Kagame na FPR

Kuba Perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kag-ame, ari umunyagitu-gu byo si ibyo gutin-

daho. N’abamuhundagazaho amazina meza, n’abamushimira ibyinshi byiza yakoze, baba abanditsi nka Stephen Kinzer, baba abanyamakuru nka An-drew Mwenda, bose bemera ko ari umunyagitugu, atihanganira kunengwa, ko aba ashaka ko icyo ategetse gikorwa uko abisha-ka- nta kubaza. Ibi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza byitwa absolute power.

Umwanditsi Stephen Kinzer, mu gitabo yise: “A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth And The Man Who Dreamt It”, yibaza niba Kagame azashobora gufatanya ubunyagitugu bwe n’umugambi we wo guteza imbere u Rwanda yiyemeje.

Igisubizo kuri iki kibazo cya Kinzer ni uko umunyagitugu adashobora guteza imbere igi-hugu mu buryo burambye. Niyo yanagaragara nk’uteza imbere igihugu, iryo terambere rihir-imana n’ihirima ry’uwo munyag-itugu byanze bikunze- kandi iri ni isomo duhabwa n’amateka.

Mu gitugu cye, niyo Kag-ame koko yaba agamije gukora icyo yita cyiza, ntabwo igihugu gituwe na miliyoni 10 cyatezwa imbere n’ibitekerezo by’umuntu umwe, cyangwa se n’amategeko y’umuntu umwe.

Iyo Perezida Kagame yumva ko adashobora kunengwa, yum-va ko atagirwa inama, yumva ko afite umwihariko ku bwenge no ku bibereye byiza abanyarwan-da, bityo agafata abamunenga cyangwa se abajya impaka nawe nk’abanzi, ingaruka zabyo ni uko abanyarwanda bandi basi-gaye baba ibikange, bakifata ku munwa, bakaba ndiyo bwana, kubera gutinya imbaraga ze.

Ibi kandi byabaye kenshi. Mu manana atandukanye, aho abantu bagerageje kugaragaza uko bum-va ibintu, ariko byaba bitandu-kanye nuko Kagame abyumva, bikabaviramo ibibazo.

Mu mwaka wa 2001, mu nama y’ishyaka rya FPR yabereye ku kigo cy’amashuri cya Kigali In-ternational Academy, bimwe mu byayivugiwemo harimo ikibazo cya Patrick Mazimpaka na Col. Alex Kanyarengwe (RIP).

Abo banyepolitiki ba FPR bom-bi, bari barezwe ubugambanyi (high treason). Patrick Mazim-paka yarezwe kugambanira no gusuzugura FPR, kuko yanze kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Paul Kagame, yo kwanga umwanya

w’ubuminisitiri yari yahawe na Pasteur Bizimungu. Ibya Patrick Mazimpaka, Paul Kagame, na Pasteur Bizimngu byo ni ama-banga maremare, ariko igifit-anye isano n’iki gitekerezo, ni uko umwe mu banyamuryango bari muri iyo nama, John Nkon-goli, yasabye ijambo, akabwira abari mu nama ko Patrick Maz-impaka na Alex Kanyarengwe bagombaga kuregwa muri dis-ciplinary committee ya FPR, kandi ibirego baregwa bigomba kwiganwa ubushishozi, kuko ibi-rego nk’ibyo byakomeje kuregwa abantu mu gihe cy’intambara, bamwe bakanabizira, ariko nyu-ma, bikazagaragara ko byari uk-wibeshya- ko bazize ubusa.

Henry Steele Commager yag-ize ati: “Men in authority will al-ways think that criticism of their policies and decisions is danger-ous. They will always equate their policies and decisions with patriotism, and find criticism subversive.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “abafite ubutegetsi buri gihe batekereza ko kunenga gahunda n’ibitekerezo byabo ari bibi cyane. Bitiranya gahunda n’ibitekerezo byabo no gukunda igihugu, bakabonamo kunenga nko kwanga igihugu. Na Kagame ni uko byagenze.

Tukiri muri iyo nama, Kagame yasabye Nkongoli kuza imbere agasobanura birenzeho ibitek-erezo bye, undi nawe arabikora. Nyuma y’iminota mike, Kagame yasabye Charles Muligande kuy-obora inama, abwira abari mu nama ko yumva arwaye umutwe, asezera inama.

Iyo nama yagombaga kumara iminsi 2. Ku munsi wa kabiri, Perezida Kagame, agitangiza inama, yahamagaye John Nkon-goli imbere, amubwira nabi ati: “Nawe nawe uranyita umubeh-syi.”

Ibyakurikiyeho si byiza, ariko icy’ingenzi, kinajyanye n’iki gitekerezo, ni uburyo Perezida Kagame abona umuhaye igitek-erezo kitari mu nyungu ze.

John Nkongoli, mu kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye, buri wese afite

uburenganzira bwo kwemeranya nabyo cyangwa se ntiyemeranye nabyo, Kagame yabibonyemo ikibazo. Ibyakurikiye uko imya-ka yatashye ni amateka.

Iyi miterere ya Kagame yo kubonamo umwanzi ugerageje kuvuguruza ibitekerezo bye, byatumye abanyarwanda baba ibikange- kuva ku banyepolitiki, abadepite, sosiyete sivile, aban-yamakuru n’abandi. Ingaruka ni nyinshi.

Mu manama nk’ayo twavuze haruguru ya FPR, cyangwa se ay’abaminisitiri, cyangwa se andi yiga ku bibazo by’igihugu, abay-ateraniyemo ntawe ukopfora, kubera kwanga kwitwa umwan-zi, cyangwa se kubera kwanga kumera nka Nkongoli.

Mu cyumweru gishize, nagize ikiganiro kirekire n’umudiplomate w’igihugu cya Suwede. Bimwe mu byo yam-bajije harimo impamvu abaca-manza bo mu Rwanda bahabwa manda. Namusobanuriye ko ari inyungu za FPR kugirango abacamanza badakora uko FPR ibishaka, ntibazongererwe man-da. Ikintu cyamutangaje cyane, ni ukubona abanyepolitiki bose b’u Rwanda, abakuriye urwe-go rw’ubucamanza, Minisitiri w’ubutabera, nta n’umwe wama-ganye cyangwa se ngo arwanye icyo cyemezo. Nubwo nta-bimubwiye, impamvu ni uguti-nya Perezida Kagame. Izi zose ni ingaruka z’umutegetsi utegeke-sha igitugu.

Twibukiranye kandi, nubwo

Kagame cyangwa se FPR baba bumva ko ibyo bakora ari byiza, amaherezo ntabwo ashobora kuba meza. Umunyepolitiki Barry Goldwater ati: “Those who seek absolute power, even though they seek it to do what they regard as good, are simply demanding the right to enforce their own ver-sion of heaven on earth. And let me remind you, they are the very ones who always create the most hellish tyrannies. Absolute power does corrupt, and those who seek it must be suspect and must be opposed.”

Mu by’ukuri nta kintu gishobo-ra kuba cyiza ijana ku ijana, bityo nta kintu na kimwe kitanengwa (James Luther Adams: “Noth-ing is complete and thus nothing is exempt from criticism”), kuki umunyepolitiki nka Kagame, ata-byumva?

Eugene Mc Carthy we ati: “As long as the differences and diver-sities of mankind exist, democ-racy must allow for compromise, for accommodation, and for the recognition of differences.” Ni ukuvuga ngo, mu gihe abantu batandukanye, demokarasi igom-ba kwemerera ubwumvikane no gutandukanya mu bitekerezo.

Uwahoze ari Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, John F. Keneddy, we yagize ati: “With-out debate, without criticism, no administration and no country can succeed -- and no republic can survive.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “Nta biganiro mpaka, nta kunenga, nta butegetsi bush-obora gutera imbere, nta gihugu cyabaho.” Amasomo nk’aya, y’abanyepolitiki beza bamamaye ku isi, akwiye kugira isomo aha Perezida Kagame.

Indi ngaruka, ni ukwikururira abanzi bitari ngombwa, igihe umutegetsi w’umunyagitugu akoresheje imbaraga ze, kuniga uwo yita umwanzi we, ariko mu by’ukuri, atari byo.

Kuva Perezida Kagame yafata ubutegetsi, amaze gutandukana n’abari inshuti ze nyinshi- rimwe na rimwe ari bo bakoze ama-kosa, ariko na none, ari ukubera

ya nenge ya Perezida Kagame yo kutihanganira kunengwa, cy-angwa se ibitekerezo binyuranye n’ibye. Thomas Jefferson, nawe wabaye Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, yagize ati: “I hope our wisdom will grow with our power, and teach us, that the less we use our power the great-er it will be.” Mu kinyarwanda, yagize ati: “ndizera ko ubwenge bwacu buzakurana n’imbaraga zacu, bukatwigisha ko, uko du-koresha imbaraga zacu gake, aribwo imbaraga zacu zikomeza kwiyongera.” Icyo iri rivuze, ni uko imbaraga zitongerwa no gu-funga abo mutavuga rumwe, nta-bwo zongerwa no kubuza amah-wemo ukugaragarije igitekerezo kinyuranye n’icyawe, ahubwo zongerwa no kumva ko umuntu yagira igitekerezo kiruta icyawe, kuko umutwe umwe wifasha gusara, utifasha gutekereza.

Indi ngaruka, ni uko abafasha ba Kagame, cyanwa se abaka-mufashije kuyobora igihugu, ba-titekerereza. Bahora bategereje amabwiriza ye, cyane cyane ku bintu bikomeye, kuko baba bara-maze kuba ibikange, bakorera ku gitsure.

Ingaruka ya nyuma, ni ukuz-abona abayobozi bazayobora u Rwanda nyuma ya Kagame. Aha niho mvugira ko iterambere Kag-ame yaba yagejeje ku Rwanda ryose, rizahirima, naba ageze mu kiruhuko, kuko nta mutegetsi witoje kuzagera ikirenge mu cye, kuko batitekerereza, cyangwa se batifatira ibyemezo.

Kugeza ubu, muri ubu buryo, Kagame yimye amahirwe aban-yepolitiki bo mu Rwanda gukura mu bitekerezo, no kubigaragariza abanyarwanda, kuko buri gihe baba bateze amatwi ibye. Ralph Nader ati: “The function of lead-ership is to produce more leaders, not more followers.” Ni ukuvuga ngo akamaro k’abayobozi, ni ukubyara abandi bayobozi ben-shi, apana abayoboke benshi.” Ariko Perezida w’u Rwanda we arakora ikinyuranyo.

Walter Lippman we ati: “The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on.” Mu kinyarwanda, uyu muhanga yagize ati: “Ikigerag-ezo cya nyuma cy’umuyobozi, ni ugusiga inyuma ye abandi bayobozi biyumvamo kwiyizera n’ubushake bwo gukomereza aho yari ageze.” Na Kagame, iki nicyo kigeragezo cye, ariko kugeza iyi saha, kiramutsinda.

Didas M. Gasana

Paul Kagame. (Photol Archives)


IGITUGU

Aba Perezida 12 b’abanyagitugu muri Afurika

1. Juvenal Habyarimana

Jenoside yakorewe abat-utsi, yakomeje gukorwa mu bihe bitandukanye, bi-

rimo no ku ngoma ya Habyar-imana, bishyira Habyarimana ku mwanya wa mbere mu bap-erezida b’ibitugu b’Afurika.

Habyarimana yakoze kude-ta mu mwaka wa 1973, afata ubutegetsi, aza kubuvaho yita-bye Imana, mu 1994.

Usibye jenoside, ikindi cyaranze igitugu cya Hab-yarimana, ni ivangura, itone-sha rya bamwe, kutemerera amashyaka ya politiki gukora, kutemerera itangazamakuru ryigenga gukora, ndetse no gu-koresha ubutabera mu nyungu ze.

2. Jean-Bedel Bokassa

Bokassa yavutse mu mwaka wa 1921, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1996. Yabaye Perezida wa Central African Republic kuva mu mwaka wa 1966 kugeza mu mwaka wa 1979, akoreye David Dacko kudeta.

Agikora kudeta, yahise avanaho itegeko nshinga. Mu mwaka wa 1972, yigize Pe-rezida kugeza gupfa ‘president for life’, naho mu mwaka wa 1976, yiha title y’umwami w’abami ‘emperor’, nyuma y’ibirori byo kuba Emperor byatwaye akayabo kagera kuri miliyoni 30 z’amadolari.

Bokassa yashyize ku nkeke abaturage be. Iyicarubozo, kwica (executions), kwivu-gana no gufunga abatavuga rumwe nawe nibyo byaranze ingoma ye. Ijambo rye niryo ryari itegeko riyobora igihugu cya Central African Republic.

Bokassa yavanywe ku butegetsi na kudeta mu mwa-ka wa 1979, arahunga, ariko aza kugaruka mu 1986, ahita atabwa muri yombi, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwibasira in-yokomuntu, ahanishwa igih-ano cy’urupfu, cyaje guhindur-wamo igifungo cya burundu.

Yaje kurekurwa m mwaka wa 1993, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1996.

3. Mengistu Haile Mariam

Mu ncamake, Mengistu ya-baye Perezida w’igihugu cya Ethiopia mu mwaka wa 1974, akoreye kudeta Umwa-mi w’abami Haile Selassie. Ubucuti bwe n’igihugu cy’u Burusiya n’uburyo yari umun-yagitugu byamuhaye izina rya ‘the red terror’. Akoresheje icyiswe ‘neighbourhood com-mitees’, Mengistu yishe aban-yethiopia bagera kuri miliyoni imwe n’igice mu myaka ine gusa- kuva mu 1975 kugera mu 1979. Benshi muri abo bari abatavuga rumwe na we.

Usibye ubwo bwicanyi, uwo mu Perezida yamenyekanye cyane kubera kwicisha abantu

inzara, nyuma yo kunyereza imfashanyo z’ibiribwa zari zigenewe abanyethiopia mu nzara ndende yo mu myaka ya za 80.

4. Omar El Bashir

Kimwe na Mengistu, Omar El Bashir nawe yafashe ubuteget-su bwa Sudan nyuma ya kude-ta, mu mwaka wa 1989. Kuva icyo gihe, imibare itangazwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburengazira bwa kiremwamuntu nka Amnesty International, yerekana ko kuva Bashir yafata ubutegetsi, hamaze kwicwa abanyasudan bagera kuri miliyoni imwe, mu gihe abanyesudan bagera kuri miliyoni 9 berekeje iy’ubuhungiro.

Omar El Bashir, ubu wa-tangiwe manda n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (International Criminal Court) kubera ubwicanyi bw’abirabura batuye intara ya Darfur, yanize amashyaka, anafunga ibitanga-zamakuru byigenga.

Bashir kandi yakoresheje am-ategeko akarishye ya kisilamu (shariah law) mu gukandamiza no guhoza ku nkeke abakirisitu batuye mu majyepfo ya Su-dan.

5. Idi Amin Dada

Idi Amin Dada yabaye Perez-ida w’igihugu cy’abaturanyi

cya Uganda kuva mu mwaka wa 1971 kugera mu mwaka wa 1979. Amin, wahoze ari umuteramakofe, kimwe n’abo twavuze haruguru, nawe ya-fashe ubutegetsi akoreye ku-deta Perezida wa mbere wa Uganda, Apollo Milton Obote.

Ingoma ya Idi Amin yaranzwe n’imvururu nyinshi (violence), iyicarubozo (tor-ture), kutubahiriza uburengan-zira bwa muntu n’izindi nzira z’imiyoborere mibi. Nubwo hari abanyamakuru nka Timo-thy Kalyegira n’abakomoka mu muryango wa Amin babi-hakana, hari abavuga ko Amin yishe abanya Uganda babar-irwa hagati ibihumbi 300 na 500.

Amin yirukanye abanyaziya babarirwa mu bihumbi 60. Mu mwaka wa 1976, Amin yatangaje ko abaye Perezida wa Uganda mu buzima bwe bwose (President for life). Ku buperezida bwe, Uganda yat-egekwaga gisirikare, inkiko za gisirikare zarasimbuye inkiko zisanzwe (Military tribunals placed above the system of civil law). Abasirikare bakuru nibo bahabwaga imirimo ikom-eye ya Leta, naho abaminisitiri b’abasivile bakagomba kubaha igisirikare.

Mu mwaka wa 1978, Amin yateye igihugu cya Tanzania, bumuviramo intandaro yo guhirima kw’ingoma ye. Ya-hungiye mu gihugu cya Saudi

Arabia, ari naho yaguye. Amin yabatijwe Hitler w’Afurika (Africa’s Adolph Hitler).

6. Charles Taylor

Charles Taylor we yatowe kuba Perezida w’igihugu cya Liberia, binyuranye n’abo twatangiriyeho, mu mwaka wa 1997. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nka Amnesty International itan-gaza ko igisirikare cya Taylor cyakoreshaga gufata ku ngufu abategarugori n’iyicarubozo nk’ibikoresho by’iterabwoba, ndetse ko yakoreshaga uburet-wa abasivile.

Akiri Perezida wa Liberia, umutungo wa Taylor ukaba warakekwaga kuba uruta kure umusaruro rusange wa Libe-ria, kubera kwiba umutungo kamere w’icyo gihugu, urimo zahabu, diyama, na timber.

Hybrid Culture Magazine ya-tangaje ko ku ngoma ya Taylor, gufata ku ngufu na ‘mutilation’ byabaye umuco muri Liberia ku ngoma ya Taylor. Charles Taylor, ubu utegereje kubu-ranishwa n’urukiko mpuzama-hanga mpanabyaha, yashyiri-weho embargo y’intwaro n’umuryango w’abibumbye. Taylor kandi yafashije in-yeshyamba zarwanyaga Leta ya Sierra Leone, anazifasha gusahura diyama ya Sierra

Komeza ku urup 10

Juvenal Habyarimana.(Photol Net)

Jean-Bedel Bokassa (Photol Net)

Mengistu Haile Mariam. (Photol Net)

Omar El Bashir. (Photol Net) Idi Amin Dada. (Photol Net)


IGITUGU

Leone.

7. Robert Mugabe

Robert Mugabe yabaye Perezida wa mbere w’igihugu cya Zimbabwe kuva cyabona ubwigenge mu mwaka wa 1980.

Nubwo hari abanyafurika bamush-imiye kwaka abazungu ibikingi, biga-habwa abanyazimbabwe, siko bose babibonye, kuko ibyinshi byigabijwe n’abo bita ‘war veterans’, abanyazim-babwe benshi ntibagire aho bahurira n’ubutaka.

Mu kwanga abazungu no kubambura ibikingi, Mugabe yigaragaje nka Pan Africanist, ariko siko bimeze, kuko n’abanyafurika, cyangwa se abanyaz-imbabwe, batamukomera amashyi, ata-barebera izuba.

Nubwo yaje kugera aho agakorana n’ishyaka ritavuga rumwe nawe rya Movement for Democratic Change, riy-obowe na Morgan Tshivangrai, ikiguzi cyabaye kinini. Mugabe kandi akomeje gukandamiza no kuniga itangazamaku-ru ryigenga.

8. Issayas Afewerki

Kimwe na Perezida Museveni wa Uganda, Zenawi wa Ethiopia, Kagame w’u Rwanda, Afewerki yari umwe mu biswe ‘New breed of African leaders’, ariko, kimwe n’abo bose, ibyo bisin-gizo ntibyarambye.

Issayas yabaye Perezida wa Eritrea mu mwaka wa 1991, icyo gihugu ki-maze kubona ubwigenge kiyomoye

kuri Ethiopia. Ubwo ishyaka rye ry-acikagamo ibice, igipande cya Issayas cyabangamiye cyane abatavuga rumwe nacyo.

Mu mwaka wa 2001, Afewerki yafunze itangazamakuru ryigenga ryose rya Eritrea, ata muri yombi abategetsi 11 bari bakomeye muri Leta ye. Afew-erki afunga uwo ari we wese utemer-anya na gahunda ze, nta sosiyete sivile icyo gihugu kigira.

9. Siad Barre

Barre yavutse mu mwaka wa 1919, yitaba Imana mu mwaka wa 1995. Ya-fashe ubutegetsi mu gihugu cya Soma-lia mu mwaka wa 1969, akoze kudeta, agitegeka kugeza mu mwaka wa 1991.

Barre yibukwaa cyane kuvangura ‘clans’ za Somalia kugirango ashobore kuzitegeka (divide and rule). Moham-oud M. Afrah atangaza ko igisirikare cya Saidi Barre cyishe inzirakarengane

zibarirwa mu bihumbi. Africa Rights Watch yo ivuga ko abanyesomalia bish-we n’ubutegetsi bwa Barre mu myaka itatu gusa (1988-1990), babarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi 50 na 60.

Nyuma yo kuvanwa ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1991, Barre yahungiye mu gihugu cya Nigeria.

10. Muammar Al-Gaddafi

Gaddafi yafashe ubutegetsi bwa Libya nyuma yo gukora kudeta, mu mwaka wa 1969. Gaddafi, uzwiho cyane guha-ranira Leta y’Afurika yunze ubumwe, avugwaho gufasha imitwe y’iterabwoba nka Palestinian Liberation Organisation.

Nta opozisiyo muri Libya, nta tanga-zamakuru ryigenga riba muri Libya. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Gaddafi yategetse secret police ye kwivugana abatavuga rumwe nawe baba mu mahanga. Imanza za politiki zibera mu bwihisho, nta buta-bera bwigenga muri Libya.

11. Paul Kagame

Kagame we ntabwo tumutindaho, kuko abanyarwanda barabizi. Icyo Pe-rezida Kagame arusha abandi banyagitu-gu ni ugukoresha ubuhanga mu gitugu, kuburyo bitakorohera umuntu kumenya ko ari igitugu.

Iyo Perezida Kagame abwira abanye-politiki ku mugaragaro ngo nibavuge bisanzuye, abanyarwanda bagira ngo koko aba ashaka ko bisanzura, ariko abenshi mu banyarwanda ntibamenya uko bigendekera uwatinyutse kuvuga (Nkongoli, Bizimungu, Sendashonga n’abandi).

Kagame yemereye amashyaka gukora, ariko ayabohera muri Forumu. Ubuta-bera bw’u Rwanda, nawe ubwe azi ko butigenga. Itangazamakuru ryigenga, ryiswe abanzi b’igihugu. Sosiyete sivile yaramizwe. Inteko ishinga amategeko ni ndiyo bwana na ntiteranya.

12. Hissene Habre

Habre yabaye Perezida wa Tchad mu mwaka wa 1982 kugera mu 1990. Imiry-ango nka Human Rights Watch ivuga ko ku butegetsti bwa Habre, habaye itsem-babwoko rya ba minorities.

Secret Police Habre ubwe yiyobor-eraga, yishe abataravugaga rumwe nawe batari bake. Kimwe na bagenzi be, nta tangazamakuru ryigenga, nta butabera, nta banyepolitiki ba opozisiyo.

Didas M. Gasana

Komeza ku urup 9

Aba Perezida 12 b’abanyagitugu muri Afurika

Charles Taylor. (Photol Net) Issayas Afewerki. (Photol Net) Siad Barre. (Photol Net)

Mugabe. (Photol Net)

Muammar Al-Gaddafi. (Photol Net) Paul Kagame. (Photol Net)

Urup. 11UMUSESO

UMURENGWE

Imyitwarire mibi y’abana b’aba Perezida ku isi

Hari imvugo ikoreshwa cyane ivuga ko imbaraga cy-angwa ububasha by’ikirenga bishukana ku buryo bw’ikirenga. Kuba Perezida biguha imbaraga nyinshi,

kuri bamwe bibaha ububasha bw’ikirenga bitewe n’abo bayo-bora cyangwa uburyo bahisemo kuyobora. Ubwo bubasha rero bukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Izo mbaraga n’ububasha kandi biragenda bikanigaragaza mu muryango wawe. Abana b’abaperezida nibo bakunze gukoresha nabi cyane ububasha bafite mu gihugu. Hano turabagezaho imyitwarire mibi ya bamwe mu bana b’abaperezida ku isi.

Hannibal QaddafiUwo ni umwana wa Perezida wa Lybia, Muammar al-Qaddafi. Afite imyaka 33. Mu gihe se akomeje kugerageza kubaka izina ry’igihugu gifite abanzi benshi, umu-hungu we akomeje kugaragara mu duten-do tutari twiza ku mugabane w’u Burayi.

Mbere yabanje gufatwa na Polisi mu 2004 i Paris mu Bufaransa, kubera gut-wara imodoka ye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko iruhande rw’inzu umukuru w’Igihugu akoreramo, aho muri icyo gi-hugu kubera ubusinzi. Hannibal icyo gihe wigaga muri Copenghagen muri Denmark, yaje kurekurwa kubera ubudahangarwa (immunity).

Nyuma y’amezi abiri gusa, Hannibal ya-vumbukanye ingeso yo gukubita Fiancée (Girl Friend) we, Polisi ziza kumufata zi-hamagawe arimo kumukubitira muri Ho-tel yitwa Paris Hotel. Yahise ashaka guko-resha imbunda, ariko aza kuyamburwa na Polisi. Nyuma yaho yaje gushinjwa icyaha cyo gukomeretsa, yabanje no kumenagura ibintu kuri hotel yindi yari arimo mu Bu-faransa.

Ntabwo yanyuzwe, umwaka ushize yafungiwe mu Busuwisi, mu mujyi wa Geneva amaze gufatwa akubita bikomeye abakozi be. Nkuko bisanzwe papa we, Ka-dafi yahise asaba ko umwana we yarekurwa kubera ko afite ubudahangarwa.

Gulnola KarimovaUyu ni umwana wa Perezida Islam Ka-rimov wa Uzbekistan, igihugu cyo muri Aziya yo hagati. Ni umutegarugori kuko yigeze gushaka nubwo ubu yamaze gutan-dukana n’uwo bari bashakanye. Karimova arazwi cyane kubera umuco wo gukunda gusohoka, ku buryo akunze no kugara-gara ari kumwe n’abandi bantu bazwi cyane yasohokanye nabo nk’umuririmbyi Elton John, Shalon Stone ndetse bamwe

banavuga ko ajya agaragara ari kumwe n’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Bill Clinton.

Mu gihugu cye, Karimova w’imyaka 37, bivugwa ko yaba ategurirwa kuba yasimbura se w’umunyagitugu ku mwan-ya w’umukuru w’igihugu, kugeza ubu akaba amaze gukoresha ububasha bwe nk’umwana wa Perezida kwigwizaho imi-tungo myinshi cyane. Mu mwaka wa 2001 nibwo Karimova yatandukanye n’uwo bari bashakanye, umugabo wari ufite ub-wenegihugu bw’Amerika na Afghanistan. Bakimara gutandukana, uwo mugabo ya-huye n’ibibazo byinshi yatewe na Kari-mova kubera imbaraga afite. Uretse kuba yaramwimye abana babyaranye, yari afite uruganda rwa Coca-Cola muri Uzbekistan, ruhita rufungwa. Abavandimwe be batatu barafunzwe abandi bagera kuri 24 biru-kanwa muri Uzbekistan shishi itabona.

Mu 2006, Karimova wigaruriye ubu-curuzi bw’icyayi hafi ya bwose muri Uzbekistan, hejuru y’ibindi byinshi ako-reramo amafaranga, yakoresheje abasiri-kare gufunga urundi ruganda rwashakaga gupigana nawe. Ubu Karimova arimo no gushora imari mu bijyanye n’indirimbo dore ko nawe aririmba. Mu 2006, indir-imbo ze zacishwaga ubuhoraho kuri ter-eviziyo y’igihugu ya Uzbekistan. Ngiyo imyitwarire ya Karimova.

Rhagad Hussein Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, Rhagad ni umukobwa w’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Iraki, Sadam Hussein. Afite imyaka 41 y’amavuko ubu. Yashakanye n’uwitwa Hussein Kamel. Uyu yabaye Minisitiri muri Leta ya Sadamu. Cyakora, mu 1995, Kamel yahunze Iraki ahungira muri Jordan n’uwo mufasha we, umukobwa wa Sada-mu. Sadam yaje kubareshya baragaruka muri Iraki nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa.

Yahise abatandukanya, yica uwo mugabo. Mu 2003, Iraki itewe n’Amerika, Sadam

yishwe, Rhagad yongeye guhungira muri Jordan aho yakiriwe n’ubwami bwa Jor-dan neza. Bitandukanye n’izindi mpunzi za Iraki nyuma ya 2003, Rhagad ntiyigeze abaho nabi kuko Ubwami bwa Jordan bwamufashe neza cyane, bumuha inzu n’abaja, abaho neza. Bakomeje kumugur-ira imyenda ihenze n’ibikenerwa mu buz-ima byose bihenze yari akeneye. Rhagad yaje kwandikira ubuyobozi bw’Amerika asaba ko ibintu byari mu nzu ya se cyane cyane ibikoresho byinshi bya zahabu ba-bimuha.

Nyamara, uwo mutegarugori nawe akurikiranwaho kuba yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’aba Shite, aho ashinjwa kuba yaratangaga imbunda n’ibindi bikoresho byo kubica, icyaha gihanishwa igihano cyo kwicwa. Jordan ariko yanze kumutanga. Rhagad avuga ko se ari intwari y’Abarabu kandi ko yari umugabo mwiza cyane nubwo yamwiciye umugabo.

Kim Jong Nam Jong Nam w’imyaka 38, ni umuhungu wa Perezida wa Koreya y’amajyaruguru, Kim Jong Il. Mu mwaka wa 2001, Nam yafun-giwe ku kibuga cy’indege cya Tokyo, ash-injwa gushaka kwinjira mu Buyapani ako-resheje Pasiporo y’impimbano y’igihugu cya Repubulika ya Dominikani iri ku mazina ya Pang Xiong. Yaje gutangaza ko yashakaga kujya ahitwa Disneyland dore ko yari kumwe n’umufasha we n’umwana wabo.

Uwo musore warimo gutekerezwaho ku-

zasimbura se, yahise avanwa mu murongo kubera gusebya se, ahubwo murumuna we Kim Jong Un niwe urimo gutegurirwa intebe gusimbura se umaze gusaza cyane akaba atagifite n’imbaraga. Kugeza ubu nta nubwo aba mu gihugu cye, bamwe ba-vuga ko aba mu buhungiro.

Sandar Win Sandar w’imyaka 57, ni umukobwa w’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe nyuma akaba na Perezida wa Burma, Ne Win ubu witabye Imana. Mu gihe se yayoboye Burma kuva mu 1962 kugeza 1988, ari umunyagitugu, Sandar ni umwe mu bana be yizeraga cyane kandi yinjije muri poli-tiki ndetse agaragara nkaho ari we way-oboraga, byatumye igihugu kigira ibibazo byinshi cyane.

Niwe wahuzaga abagize ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi na se, nyuma aza no kuba ari we wari inyuma yo kugira Col. Khini Nay-hut, umuyobozi w’ishami ry’iperereza, amuha n’imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Uwo nyuma yaje kuba Minisitiri w’intebe wiswe Minisitiri w’intebe w’ishyamba. Se amaze gupfa, Sandar yagize uruhare mu gucecekesha inkubiri y’abashakaga demokarasi bayobowe n’umutegarugori Aung, Sun Suu Kyi, abasirikare bafata ubutegetsi. Ingabo zimaze gukomeza gutegeka, Sandar yakomeje gukoresha ububasha yari afite yigwizaho umutungo w’igihugu, anafata ibyemezo byinshi mu gihugu.

Bamwe babonaga Sandar agishaka kuba

Komeza ku urup. 12

Hannibal Qaddafi, umwana wa Muammar Qadafi. (Photol Net)


UMURENGWE

Imyitwarire mibi y’abana b’aba Perezida ku isi yafata ubutegetsi, abasirikare baramutse bananiwe. Cyakora, we, umugabo we n’abana babo baje gufungwa n’abo basirikare babashinja gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi bw’abasirikare. Yaje gufungirwa mu rugo kimwe n’uwo bari bahanganye mbere Aung Suu, aza kuvanwa muri iyo mbohe hashize igihe, ariko imbaraga ze n’umuryango we zirashyira.

Pinthongta ShinawataraUyu afite imyaka 27, akaba ari umukobwa wa Thaksin Shinawa-tara, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe wa Thailand. Mu 2004, uwo mu-kobwa yatangajwe nk’umwe mu bakire ba mbere mu gihugu cye, ntibyagira uwo bitangaza. Mbere y’uko se ahirikwa ku butegetsi mu 2006, we n’umuryango we barihaye bihagije biciye mu ki-menyane no kwigwizaho ibya rubanda, abana be barimo Pin-thongta bakaba bari mu ba mbere babyungukiyemo cyane.

Hamwe na musaza we Pang-thongta, baguze kuri make imiga-bane myinshi cyane muri sosiyete y’itumanaho ya Thailand ku wundi muryango wari uyifite. Bakimara kuyigura, bahise bayigurisha indi sosiyete yo muri Singapore ku giciro gikubamo inshuro mirongo itanu icyo bayiguze. Ni akaryo karimo miliyoni zisaga magana ane na mirongo itandatu n’enye z’amadolari ($464M). Nta misoro batanze, se yabafashije gukwepa imisoro.

Uwo mukobwa se amaze gutaka-za ubutegetsi, yakoze ibishoboka byose agerageza kureba uko yarin-da izina rya se n’imitungo ye dore ko urukiko rwahise rumusaba we na musaza we gutanga umusoro bakwepye bagura banagurisha iriya sosiyete. Kugeza ubu yanze gutanga ubuhamya asabwa ku bi-jyanye n’amanyanga ya se ndetse akomeje kureba uburyo yajera akanarinda imitungo bakusanyije, se akiri ku butegetsi. Bivugwa ko amafaranga menshi bayafite muri konti zo hanze ku buryo bitazoro-hera ubuyobozi bwa Thailand gu-hagarika ubuzima bwiza arimo.

Sheikh Issa Bin zayed al-Nayhan Uyu ni umuhungu wa Zayed Bin Sultan al-Nayhan, wahoze ari umwami wa Abu Dhabi akaba yarabaye Perezida wa United

Arab Emirates. Nubwo adafite umwanya muri Leta kimwe na musaza we Khalifa ubu uyobora Abu Dhabi, niwe wigaruriye ubucuruzi mu bijyanye no ku-baka. Yibukwa cyane ku nyubako ndende yubatse yitwa Al Hakema tower, yubatse kwibukiraho se, ariko imyitwaire ye mibi iherutse gushyirwa hanze.

Hari Video iherutse gusohoka igaragaza Sheikh Issa arimo kwica urubozo umunya Afghani-stan, amuziza ko yamwibye. Muri iyo video, yagaragajwe na ABC news, Sheikh Issa agaragara ari kumwe n’abandi bantu bakubita uwo mugabo, bamusonga im-bunda mu bisebe, bamwica nabi. Umwe mu bantu bakoranye nawe ubu bafitanye ibibazo yemeza ko amufiteho amadosiye menshi yo kwica abantu urubozo.

Nyuma yaho iyo Video iso-hokeye, Issa yafungiwe mu rugo, ikintu kidasanzwe ku muntu utu-ruka mu bwami. Cyakora umu-

funze nawe ni musaza we, Min-isitiri w’umutekano mu gihugu muri United Arab Emirates. Ibyo byose ni ukubera ububasha.

Hu Haifeng Hu w’imyaka 38, ni umuhungu wa Perezida w’u Bushinwa, Hu Jintao. Ni umwana wakoresheje ububasha bwe arakira pee. Ya-koresheje ububasha bwa se nka Perezida, sosiyete ye yitwa Nuct-ech ihabwa ikiraka cyo gushyira ibyuma bya Scanner bya ‘secu-rity’ ku bibuga by’indege byose mu Bushinwa.

Papa we yagerageje kumurinda kugaragara mu itangazamakuru, kugeza vuba ubwo yabonaga ikiraka cyo gushyira bene ibyo byuma ku bibuga by’indege bya Namibia, ikiraka cyaje kuvamo ibibazo, sosiyete igashinjwa ruswa. Iyo sosiyete ishinjwa kuba yaratanze ruswa.

Uwo muhungu wa Hu Jintao as-abwa gutanga ubuhamya kuri ibyo

birego. Papa we w’umunyagitugu mu Bushinwa, arimo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo umwana we atandagazwa mu itangazamakuru ry’u Bushinwa. Kubera ububasha bafite mu by’itumanaho, barakora ku buryo amakuru ajyanye n’iryo perereza rikorwa ku muhungu we atagera mu Bishinwa biciye kuri interineti.

Mark Thatcher Mark w’imyaka 56, ni umu-hungu wa Margret Thacher, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Bwongereza. Uwo mwana w’umutegarugori wamamaye cy-ane ayobora u Bwongereza, ya-tangiye kumenyekana mu 1982 ubwo yaburiraga muri butayu bwa Sahara kumara iminsi ine aho yari yagiye mu marushanwa yo gusiganwa.

Mark wari wananiwe ibi-zamini mu ishami yigagamo ry’icungamutungo, yari yashoboye kwinjira mu bucuruzi abona kon-taro zitandukanye muri Afurika. Mu 2004, Mark yafungiwe muri Cape Town, muri Afurika y’epfo, aho yari atuye, ashinjwa kwica amategeko y’icyo gihugu kubera kugira uruhare muri Coup d’Etat yo muri Guinnée Equatoriale.

Mark yahakanye uruhare bamushinjaga ariko yemera ko imwe mu ndege bakoreheje ari we wayikodesheje ariko atazi icyo bajya kuyikoresha. Yaciwe izahabu y’ibihumbi magana atanu by’amadolari, ava muri Afurika yepfo. Nyuma yaho yagize ikiba-zo cyo kubona aho aba. Yimwe Visa y’Amerika kubera icyo kiba-zo cya Guinée Equatorial, aza no

kwimwa Visa yo kuba muri Mo-naco.

Iyabo Obasanjo-Bello Iyabo w’imyaka 42, ni umwa-na w’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Nijeriya, Olusegun Obas-anjo. Uyu nkuko bitangazwa n’ikinyamakuru Foreign Policy, yatangiye atanga icyizere ko asha-ka kwiberaho nk’umushakashatsi mu by’ubuganga dore ko ari byo yize.

Cyakora, amaze kugaruka muri Nijeriya mu 2004, ataye umugabo we n’umwana babyaranye, yahise amurega amushinja gushimuta umwana, ibirego biracyageretse, aracyashakishwa na Interpol ku-bera kwiba umwana yabyaranye n’umunyamerika.

Ageze iwabo, yinjiye muri ga-hunda y’umuryango, kwigwizaho umutungo, ruswa n’ibindi bynshi nk’ibyo. Yaninjiye mu buyobozi agirwa Komiseri w’Ubuzima muri Nigeriya muri guverinoma ya se. Nyuma yinjiye muri Sena mu 2006, aza gutangira ku-yikontorora. Muri uwo mwaka, Iyabo bivugwa ko yakiriye ruswa nyinshi harimo n’iy’imodoka ya Land Cruizer Toyota, kugira ngo afashe abantu kubona ibiraka muri Nijeriya yayoborwaga na se. Bivugwa kandi ko Iyabo yakuye akayabo k’ibihumbi mirongo in-ani na bitanu by’amadolari kuri konti y’ikigo cy’ubuzima aho muri Nigeriya, akajya kuyakore-sha ku giti cye. Ibyo byose arabi-hakana.

Charles KaboneroByatangajwe mbere

n’ikinyamakuru Foreign Policy

Ibikurikira urup. 11

Gulnora Karimova, umukobwa wa President Islam Karimov wa Uzbekistani. (Photo/ net)

Kim Jong Nam, umuhungu wa perezida wa Ko-rea ya ruguru Kim Jong. (Photo/net)

Sheikh Issa Bin Zayed Al-Nayhan, umuhungu w'uwahoze ategeka Abu Dhabi Zayed Bin Sultan Nayhan


UBWISANZURE

“Ukuri wakavugishije ibwami uraguhakishwa” Umutego w’ikinyoma“I y a k a r e m y e

niyo ikamena” (by’umwihariko ) Imana yaremye ib-intu mu ngeri ebyeri.

“Yaremye ikibi n’icyiza “ ire-ma n’umuntu imuha ubwenge bwo gutoranya (guhitamo) ikibi n’icyiza; irema umuntu mu ngeri ebyeri: amaso abiri, amatwi abiri, amaboko abiri, amaguru abiri n’ibindi bice by-ose by’umubiri, ntiriwe ndon-dora ngo ndondogore. Urugero, Imana yaremye igihimba igiha ibice bibiri “inyuma n’imbere.” Imbere harangwa n’amaso n’inyuma harangwa n’ikibuno byenda gusetsa ndetse bira-nashimishije. Muzi ko Aban-yarwanda barambagiza abage-ni bakurikije uko bateye: ufite mu maso heza n’ufite ikimero cyiza. Ni uko rero abakobwa babiri barahuye ufite mu maso heza yiratira ufite ikimero ko amuruta ubwiza. Uw’ikimero nawe ati: umva rero nanjye nkurusha ikimero cyiza, uwo mu maso heza ati ese uza-jya uhura n’abantu ubahenere maze nawe uti iki? Nyine imi-bereho y’umuntu iteye ukubiri, kugereranya no kurushanwa. Nyine nkuko maze kubivuga haruguru ngereranya abakob-wa babiri ufite mu maso heza n’ufite ikimero cyiza. Ni ub-wende bwawe n’uburenganzira bwawe bwo guhitamo uwo ushaka. No guhiga cyangwa kurushanwa nako kuri uku-biri; umugiro ntiwahiganwa n’umutero uri wenyine. No mu gisoro ntiwabuguza uri wenyine. Urugero ni inyandiko iherutse gusohoka mu kinya-makuru Umuseso igereranya Leta zombie; iyavuyeho n’iriho ubu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge. Umubaji w’imitima ntiyayir-inganije. Iyo nyandiko abantu ntibayitwaye kimwe. Bamwe bahise bayamagana batayicira akari urutega, mbese bayit-era utwatsi. Ariko nkuko na-tangiye mbivuga, Imana niyo yaremye ikibi n’icyiza ngo

umuntu yihitiremo. Nitutareka ngo umuntu ngo avuge akamu-ri ku mutima, azaba yigenga cyangwa nitwe tuzaba tumu-genga? Kuki tutareka abantu ngo batoboke bavuge ikibari ku mutima? “Ibuye ryabonetse ntiriba rikishe isuka”, kuki tu-dashaka guhiganwa? Uguhiga ubutwari muratabarana, uku-barira akubeshya agira ngo nap-fa muzajyana. Abo babeshya abategetsi bababeshyeshya akarimi keza ka nyirarushwa ngo barabakunda “Umwami ur-aguza aruta ubuguza” bishatse kuvuga ko ari uwumva abantu akabiyumvira we bwite, yanga amabwire. Utaraburogwa agira ngo yaburya “utabusya abwita ubumera.” Nyabuna nyabuna umuntu atariyumviye Gitera ibitutsi yatukaga Rudahigwa ntagire icyo amutwara wagira ngo yari yaramuroze. Umuhanu-zi mubi angana umurozi. Abo bahanuzi babi bakoshya Ruda-higwa bati kuki utica Gitera ati: icyampa ikibimutera (ibyago byigisha ubwenge). Ibitutsi Gitera yatukaga umwami Ru-dahigwa nibyo byamwigishaga ubwenge (bimwigisha Demoka-rasi); byago ntugahore kandi ntugahere. N’Umwami Ru-dahigwa yagizwe intwari y’igihugu kuko yashoboye kumva abantu, buri muntu am-utwara uko yari ari. “Igisiga cy’urwara rurerure kimena inda. Biteye isoni n’agahinda kuko abanditsi b’ibinyamakuru nibo bafashe iya mbere kureguzwa barega Ikinyamakuru Umus-eso ndetse urukiko rukuru “In-ama nkuru y’Itangazamakuru “ifata icyemezo cyo gusaba gufunga by’agateganyomu gihe cy’amezi atatu (3) ikin-yamakuru cy’Umuseso (ukuri kurazirwa). Abagande bati : “Amazima gakawa” ukuri kurasharira. Bagabobarabo ya-vuze ukuri mu isoko arabizira ariko kandi ukuri kuratinda ntiguhera, ni ikihe cyaha Umus-eso wakoze kiwucisha umutwe, kuko wagereranyije ibigenda

n’ibitagenda (kuko mwavanze amasaka n’amasakaramentu). Twebwe bene ubwitwe, nitwe tugomba kwihitiramo ukuri n’ikinyoma “ntituri amatungo bahura mu rwuri, ejo baritwara mu ibagiro bakaribaga ntiri-menye gutandukanya iyo minsi yombi. Irya mukuru ntirizindu-ka riba rigiye kureba! Ejobundi buriya umukuru w’igihugu yarivugiye mu birori by’intore ati: Abanyarwanda bari ugutatu: “Ababona amafuti bati : nti-bitureba” ati ababona amafuti bakanga kuyavuga ngo batiter-anya, n’abayabona bakambar-ira urugamba rwo kuyarwanya. Maze umukuru w’igihugu yun-gamo ati : kandi nkunda uwobo-na amafuti akayambwira” maze nawe uti iki? Iyaba muri iyo nyandiko y’Umuseso navuze harimo ibitagenda harimo amafuti yego wenda harimo gukabya ariko se koko kuki Umuseso utabishyira ahaga-ragara? Uwanga ikinyoma abandwa riva. Umuseso si ubwa mbere, bahora bawutera hejuru! Amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu. Nyamara amaherezo y’Umuseso ni uko abawiko-ma ubigarika ukabarahira aho twinikaga amamera. Ngaho mpere kuri Gahima, ngaho ba Mutsindashyaka akiri Meya wa Kigali “ukuri kuratinda ntiguhera. N’ibya Mutsin-dashyaka byashyizwe ahagara-gara. Polisi Denis yaje yiyasira akubita agatoki ku kandi asha-ka gusenya Umuseso nkuko yabyivugiye yagiye kwikanga Umuseso bawuciye ifaranga rimwe; nawe tekereza. “Uwan-ga igikura abaga umutavu” Umuseso urazira iki? Niba Umuseso uvuze ikinyoma nimuwuvuguruze ariko atari ukuwucisha umutwe! “Yezu ati: mvuze ukuri umpaye iki?” Iyaba mvuze ikinyoma kin-shinje. N’Umuseso muwureke uvuge kuko uvugira igihugu uvuga ibitagenda kuko ibyo Umuseso wavuze byakanguye Abanyarwanda barahaguruka

barahagarara, babivugaho mu buryo bunyuranye bamwe babihakanya bavuga ibyiza Leta y’ubumwe imaze kugeza ku banyarwanda. Izina niryo muntu; ni iki kiruta amahoro-Nyine abantu ntibabibona kimwe “nta gihomera amata-ma abiri.” Umuseso wateye ibuye mu gihuru habukamo igihunyira” watumye Aban-yarwanda bivamo nk’inopfu bagaragaza aho bahagaze; uku-ri kujya ahagaragara, bagarag-aza ukuri aho guhagaze. Ama-tora aregereje, hagiye kubaho guhiganwa; uzahigwanwa ute n’uwo muvuga rumwe (uru-vuga undi ntirubura) mureke bavuge tubavuguruze tu-menye icyo bahatse tumenye akabavamo. Abanyarwanda bati : ntayitinya itarungurutse, ntawe utagakanyaga ataga-hambuye Perezida Museveni wa Uganda ati: iyo ntawe um-vuga nabi mba nzi ko ntacyo nkorera igihugu! Mbe Ngera bati wabaye iki? Ati uko na-baye kose kuramaze! Kuki Ngera atatinye abamunenga? Nubwo atiyitayeho bwose, ariko yamenye ko bamunenga nubwo atabigaragaje, ashobo-ra kuba yarisubiyeho. Ikinyab-woya cyikuse mu ziko gishya ubwoya kiravuga kiti nubwo mpiye bwose wa muriro we ndaguhamije. Ngera nubwo yirengagije bwose, ariko yumvise icyo bashakaga ku-mubwira, utumviye se na nyi-na yumvira ijeri. Ugiri Imana agira umugira inama. Umus-eso ni iki wavuze kitabayeho? Ntihabaye umukuru nk’umuto waribonye “karakuriza kara-kurutaga?” Umuseso muwuhe icyezi uvuge ukuri ntacyo wishisha!

Mudatenguha wanyu in-

tumwa ya rubanda mutahe cyane, ni ah’ubutaha

Jean Nepomuscene Gashikazi Nyamanswa Ntin-di-Amoti


IBIMBABAZA

na Charles B. KABONERO

Uburyo FPR inaniza ishoramari mu RwandaKu matari ya 17-18

Nzeri uyu mwaka, Perezida Kagame azaba ari mu gihugu

cy’u Bwongereza, aho azaba ari umwe mu bashyitsi baza-tanga ijambo mu nama (Confer-ence), yiga ibijyanye n’amasoko (Emerging Markets Summit). Ni inama izabera ahitwa Park Plaza River Bank, Londres, mu Bwon-gereza.

Iyo nama yatewe inkun-ga n’ikigo cy’u Bwongereza cy’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari (UK Trade and Investment), ikaba izitabirwa n’abandi bahanga mu by’ubukungu batandukanye n’abayobozi b’ibihugu bitandu-kanye. Muri abo harimo Min-isitiri w’intebe wa Turkey, Re-ceptyyip Erdogan, Guverineri wa Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Argentina, Martin Redrado na Brooks Entwisle, umuyobozi mukuru wa sosiyte ya Gold-man Sachs ishami ry’u Buhinde. Abo bose n’abandi bayobozi batandukanye bazavugira muri iyo nama ibijyanye n’amasoko agenda avuka n’ibindi bikorwa bijyanye n’ubukungu.

Muri iyo nama nkuko bisanzwe, birumvikana ko Pe-rezida Kagame azagaragari-za abazitabira iyo nama ko u Rwanda ari igihugu ubu gifite umutekano, politiki nziza, poli-tiki y’ishoramari ihamye kandi gifite byinshi byo gushoramo imari. Azavuga akamaro ko kuza gushora mu Rwanda no mu karere mu bijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo, ikoranabuhanga mu itu-manaho (ICT), ubukerarugendo n’ibindi byinshi. Azagaragaza ko muri rusange, hari umwuka mwiza, akangurire abashoramari kuza mu Rwanda gushora imari yabo.

Azavuga kandi ko mu Rwan-da ubu hari ipiganwa rigaragara kandi ko barikeneye cyane kuko ari yo nkingi y’iterambere. Aza-garagaza ko gupiganwa ku isoko ari ngombwa, agaragaze ibyiza byabyo. Ibyo byose azabiga-ragaza muri disikuru yateguye neza, ku buryo nyuma y’ijambo rye hazabaho andi magambo yo

kumushimira. Ndetse ibitanga-zamakuru bitandukanye i Burayi nka Economist n’ibindi ibyo mu karere nka Independent ya Uganda, na New Times bizaba bibonye inkuru nyamukuru nku-ko bisanzwe. Azanagira umwan-ya wo gutanga ibiganiro aho Londres, asubiremo ibya politiki nziza arimo kubaka mu Rwanda, ishoramari ririmo gutera imbere n’uburyo bifuza abantu kuza gushora imari. Ni umwanya mwiza kuri Perezida Kagame.

Hari abazaba bicuza imari bashoye mu RwandaMu gihe Kagame azaba atanga iryo jambo, i Kigali hari ben-shi bazaba barimo kwicuza im-pamvu bashoye mu Rwanda. Muri abo, harimo umushoramari w’Umwongereza wasenyewe Hoteli Nyarutarama n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Gasabo (byabaye mu minsi mike ashize), Assi-napol Rwigara (umunyarwanda), wananijwe kurangiza hoteli ye, Elie Ngirabakunzi bananije gute-za imbere uruganda rw’ibibiriti i Butare ndetse bakaza no ku-rufunga kubera impamvu za politiki n’abandi banyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bananijwe gu-korera mu Rwanda kubera poli-tiki igoye y’ubukungu, bazaba barimo gutekereza ibindi. Abo bose bumvise FPR ivuga kuva mu 1994, barayumvira barasho-ra, none ubu baricuza. Kagame arimo arahamagara abandi.

Muri rusange, Kagame amaze kubona umwanya uhagije ku-garagaza u Rwanda nk’igihugu gifite politiki nziza, wo gu-hamagarira abanyamahanga kuza gushora imari mu Rwanda-ni byiza. Nyamara, mu kuri, hari ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye no gushora imari mu Rwanda, aban-yarwanda n’abanyamahanga. Ikibazo cya FPR mu bucuruzi

Nubwo bitari muri politiki izwi y’ishoramari mu Rwanda, ni ukuri ko umucuruzi ukomeye wa mbere mu Rwanda ari FPR-ishyaka riri ku butegetsi. Kuri bamwe nta nubwo ari FPR, ni imiryango imwe ifite izo mbara-

ga ikoresha izina rya FPR. Kuba mu bucuruzi si ikibazo ubwacyo, ikibazo kirimo kinajyana n’ibyo Kagame avuga muri disikuru ze, ni ingaruka bigira ku ipiganwa ku isoko.

Nk’ubu Tristar na RIG, sosi-yete ebyiri FPR ikoresha mu bucuruzi, zateye ama-tako muri ‘sector’ hafi ya zose z’ubucuruzi. Mu itumanaho (MTN), ubwubatsi (NPD, Real Construction), ibigo by’imari, inganda (urugero, Inyange, CI-MERWA n’izindi), umutekano (Intersec), kugurisha ibintu (Mu-tara Enterprises n’izindi) n’ibindi byinshi. Ikiba-zo; ku muntu uzi imiko-rere ya FPR, ni nde wa-pigana n’ibigo byayo ku isoko? Ntibishoboka.

Ni mpamvu ki bya-fashe imyaka isaga icumi (10), kugira ngo MTN ishobore kugira mukeba (nubwo n’abemerewe bafitanye isano na Leta)? Impamvu irazwi; ni uko Tri-star yari ifitemo imi-gabane, myinshi ndetse. Bashakaga kubanza kugwiza inyungu bafite ‘monopoly’. Ubu mu bwubatsi, niho bigani-sha. Amasoko ni aya NPD, Real Construction, n’abandi bantu bake nabo bafitanye isano ya

hafi na FPR kandi bazwi ibuku-ru. Icyo ni kimwe mu bigize politiki itagaragarira amaso y’ishoramari mu Rwanda.

Hari abacuruzi bahabwa amasoko mu bintu badasanzwe banakora, mu gihe hari aba-bikora babifitiye n’uburambe, ariko batazwi muri FPR cy-angwa ibukuru. Ninde wa-hatana na Hatari Sekoko na Doyelcy ye, John Bosco Rusa-gara mu Rwanda? Birazwi ko bidashoboka. Ari abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bashora imari mu Rwanda, nyuma y’igihe gito barabimenya. Bamwe bakiyiru-kana abandi bakajya gutereta kureba ako gasagurirwa.

Muri politiki y’ishoramari harimo byinshi Claire Akama-zi wa Rwanda Development Board atabwira abashoramari. Ntabwo ababwira ko kugira ngo ukorere mu Rwanda neza, byaba byiza ufatanyije na Tri-

star, mugashora hamwe, ubundi ukabona amasoko kubera ko uhagarikiwe n’intare. Ntabwo ababwira ko kubabarirwa imi-soro imwe n’imwe n’ibindi, bijyana n’umubano wawe n’abategetsi bitajyana ahani-ni n’umushinga mwiza ufite n’akamaro uzagirira abaturage. Abaturage ni iki? Ntabwo aba-bwira ko byaba byiza ubagishije inama ku bakozi uzaha akazi. Hari abakozi waha akazi, biga-tuma title yawe y’umushoramri ihinduka umwanzi w’igihugu. Ibyo byose, Akamazi ntabwo abisobanurira abashoramari bi-tyo na Perezida Paul Kagame ntabwo yabivuigira Londres, ariko nibyo bihari, kandi abashoramari bari mu Rwanda ubu barabizi. Ntabwo nabivuga ngo mbirangize. Inama nziza, ni ijambo ryiza Nyakubahwa Pe-rezida.

[email protected]


AMATORA

FPR yiyemereye ko amatora ari umuhango abajya mu myanya baba bazwibafite, ubuyobozi bushobora kubigorora no kubishyira ku murongo, bityo n’ibisubizo byabyo bakabyibonamo. Bi-maze kugaragara, ko abayobo-zi badakunze kubaza abaturage mbere yo kubaha amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza.

Iyo umuntu amaze kuva muri rubanda rwa giseseka abaye umuyobozi, usanga kwicisha bugufi ngo yumve ba batur-age yavuyemo bitamworohera. Iyo yamaze kugera ku mwan-ya w’ubuyobozi, kuboneka kwe biba biruhije, ugasanga abashinzwe ubunyamabanga bw’umuyobozi babwira abat-urage ko uwo muyobozi at-aboneka kubera akazi kenshi, cyangwa se bakanakubwira ko adahari, kandi wenda ahari! Abakozi benshi bakenerwa n’abaturage igihe bagerera ku kazi, nacyo usanga akenshi kitubahiriza amasaha aba azwi yashyizweho. Iyo bamaze ku-

hagera nabwo, babanza kwiko-za hirya no hino basuhuzanya bihugenza, bakaza kwakira abaturage barambiwe.

Mu nzego z’ibanze, abaturage barinubira uko serivisi zitangwa

Gahunda yo kwegereza abatur-age ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2001. Kugeza ubu, ubuyobozi bwegereye abaturage koko, ariko abayobozi ntibegera abaturage, ahubwo abaturage nibo bahora bashaka kwegera abayobozi, ariko kubabona bi-ragoye kuko basiragira bakaru-ha. Mu Tugari n’Imirenge us-anga handitse gahunda y’igihe babonanira n’abaturage, ariko iyo ugeze hirya no hino mu gihugu kuri izo nzego, usanga abaturage bashaka abayobozi ari benshi, kandi hakaba ubwo bakubwira ko bahaje kenshi ibibazo byabo bidakemurwa.

Genda uzagaruke ejo ni imvu-go ishaje ariko iracyakora muri izo nzego, kandi ejo bihora ari ejo! Ibi birasa na wa wundi ufite butiki wandika ku mury-ango we ngo: ushaka ideni azaze ejo”, waza ugasanga na none ari ejo! Nk’uko Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rukunze kubi-vuga, muri izo nzego umuti w’ikaramu n’andi magambo

nk’ayo abwirwa umuturage ku-gira ngo bagire icyo bamukorera biracyarangwa muri izo nzego nk’inzira ya ruswa. Kugira ngo umenye icyo ugomba gutanga kugira ngo ukemurirwe ikibazo, urumva ko uba uhasiragiye ken-shi kugira ngo uzamenye ayo marenga wibwirize! Icyuho kiri aha, ni uko bamwe mu bayobo-zi b’ibanze bakenerwa kenshi n’abaturage badahembwa. Ibi nibyo bikunze koroshya inzira ya ruswa n’ibisa nayo.

Muri rwa rwego rwo kwege-reza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi, Uturere twara-gabanyijwe hasigara 30, Intara zisigara ari enye n’Umujyi wa Kigali, hagamijwe ko ibibazo byajya birangirira mu nzego zo hasi, ariko n’ubu ibibazo biza kuri izo nzego biracyari byin-shi. Ibi byagaragajwe n’ibibazo abaturage batura Perezida wa Repubulika iyo yagendereraga izo nzego. Kubona Meya cy-angwa Umuyobozi w’Intara uri

Iikurikira urup. 7 umuturage woroheje utahafite icyitso cyangwa utahazwi bi-ragoye. Abanyamabanga b’abo bayobozi nibo bazi umubare w’abaturage bahora basiragira bagataha batabonye serivisi bashakaga, bikazabasaba ku-zagaruka, nabwo batizeye ku-zamubona kubera akazi kenshi ngo aba afite, cyangwa se ngo yagiye mu nama!

Kugira ngo umuturage azabo-nane na Minisitiri, ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye. Umunyama-banga we iyo atakubwiye ko adahari kandi wenda anahari, akubwira ko ugomba kwandi-ka ubisaba akazagusubiza, bityo ugataha ukazaza gufata igisubizo cyemera cyangwa gi-hakana. Iyo Minisitiri adahari, nta wundi ukemura ikibazo cy’umuturage cyananiranye mu zindi nzego! Ni ryari inze-go z’ibanze zizashobora guke-mura ibibazo by’abaturage aho kubitinya cyangwa kubitera?

Habuhazi Innocent

Gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage

ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi

yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2001. Kugeza

ubu, ubuyobozi bwegereye abaturage koko, ariko abayobozi

ntibegera abaturage

No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, Urup. 16 UMUSESOKwamamaza

Roto Toilets

ROTO s.a.r.l Kucukiro hateganye na Dalas Petrol Station. B.P. 6472 Kigali - Rwanda. Tel: (+250) 512310, Mob: 0788303966/ 0788530665, email: [email protected]

Plastic Water Tank

LoftWater Tank Horizonta Water Tank

Documents

Umwaka VIII: No 371, 31 Kanama - 07 Nzeli 2009, B.P 4353 ...murengerantwari.u.m.f.unblog.fr/files/2009/09/f60fe87cd01umuseso371.pdf · No 20/2006 ryo kuwa 22 Mata 2006, rihindura