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UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
STOCKTAKING REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1983
IN CONFLICT AND POST-CONFLICT SITUATIONS IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
6 May 2013
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Introduction
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Focus of report
3 conflict and post-conflict situations: Côte d’Ivoire, DRC, Liberia
Starting point = work of 3 UN Field Missions (UNOCI, MONUSCO, UNMIL) in collaboration with Joint UN Teams on AIDS and national actors
Challenges/lessons learned, good practices and recommendations are of broader relevance and apply to other regions and other actors
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
From resolution 1308 (2000) to 1983 (2011)
2000: Security Council resolution 1308
2011: Security Council resolution 1983 + Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS (ten targets and elimination commitments)
Resolution 1983 applies to conflict and post-conflict situations across the globe (with or without a UN Field Mission)
Resolution 1983 applies to all parts of the UN system (UN Field Missions and UN Country Team), international financial institutions, Member States, armed groups, civil society as well as regional organisations
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
What does Security Council resolution 1983 mandate?
Paras 1, 2, 3: Continue work with UN peacekeeping personnel and national uniformed services + broaden to look at HIV in conflict and post-conflict settings
Para. 4: Incorporate HIV into mandated activities + community outreach
Para. 5: UN Mission leadership support crucial
Para. 6: HIV to be addressed before, during and after conflict, including conflict-related sexual violence
Para 7: HIV in mandated tasks of peacekeeping missions, including assistance to national institutions, SSR, DDR, and hand-over after peacekeeping ends
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Initial steps taken by UNAIDS and DPKO
May 2012 consultation leads to UNAIDS-DPKO commitment to use paragraphs 6 and 7 of resolution 1983 as entry points for their work and scale-up efforts to integrate HIV/AIDS issues into SSR, DDR and SGBV
2012: Case studies distilling lessons learned from six peacekeeping operations on implementing resolution 1983 in SSR, DDR, SGBV
June 2012: UNAIDS M&E training for HIV/AIDS Advisers from DPKO-led Missions
Progress made in implementing resolution 1983 (2011)
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Côte d’Ivoire
HIV prevalence: 3.7 % adult population and 4.6% women
Key populations: IDPs, women and girls, uniformed personnel, ex-combatants, prison inmates, men who have sex with men and youth
SSR: Training of armed forces, police, gendarmerie and wildlife guards to increase their awareness of how to prevent sexual transmission of HIV and respond effectively to survivors of sexual violence
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Côte d’Ivoire
DDR: Awareness-raising on HIV/AIDS and SGBV + VCT services to ex-combatants as well as women and children associated with armed groups
SGBV: Training of women’s organizations on how to refer victims of sexual violence for care services including post-exposure prophylaxis
QIPS: Rehabilitating and equipping 10 HIV care and treatment centres
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Liberia
HIV prevalence: 1.5 % adult population, higher for women and urban areas
Key populations: young women and girls, sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, prisoners, uniformed personnel, mobile populations (truck drivers), as well as refugees, returnees and IDPs
SSR: Train-the-trainer event on HIV/AIDS for a core group of 20 trainers drawn from each of the four security services: the armed forces as well as the police, prison and immigration services-Content included messaging on the links between SGBV and HIV +info on HIV among refugees and internally displaced persons-Designed as train-the-trainer event to develop capacities of national institutions and due to UNMIL draw-down
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Democratic Republic of the Congo
HIV prevalence: 1.3% adult population and higher amongst certain groups: survivors of rape (20%), female inmates (7.1%), IDPs (7.6%)
SSR: to professionalize the security services in the DRC by:- building training capacity on HIV/AIDS and SGBV among the national military (FARDC) and national police (PNC) through train-the trainer events- developing training standards for the FARDC (a training module on sexual violence with messaging on HIV/AIDS)
SGBV: helping prevent HIV transmission by training service providers in conflict hotspots on how to use PEP kits with survivors of sexual violence
Challenges and lessons learned
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Resources
Inadequate resources present a significant hurdle to scaling-up and expanding efforts to implement resolution 1983, and to providing adequate follow-up support
Adequate resources for monitoring and evaluation, coupled with capacity development in this area, are needed to improve evidence-informed decision-making on resolution 1983
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Programming
Clarify to whom resolution 1983 applies
Expand coverage of HIV/AIDS awareness-raising and training beyond the national military and police services to other uniformed services and to other key populations at higher risk
The effectiveness, including value-for-money, of peer education programmes for the host population and for UN military peacekeeping personnel not yet clearly established
UN senior leadership support remains critical to the success of the Joint UN Team on AIDS
Good practices
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Good practices
Partnerships are used to maximise scarce resources
Partnerships are used to provide an integrated package of support
Joint initiatives and joint programmes are used to reduce duplication of effort and enable a more comprehensive package of support to be provided
Policies, strategies and programmes for HIV prevention and care are aligned with those for SGBV, to address the link between conflict-related sexual violence and HIV transmission
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Good practices
National civilian, military and police leadership play a key role in changing attitudes on HIV/AIDS amongst national security services and civil society
UN military and police leadership also play a key role in changing attitudes on HIV/AIDS amongst uniformed peacekeeping personnel.
Existing programmes are used as entry points to implement resolution 1983
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Good practices
Programmes to implement resolution 1983 are aligned, not only with the organizational mandate, but also with national strategies and approaches
Resolution 1983 is implemented in a way that develops national capacity
Projects aimed at winning the population’s hearts and minds are used to develop national capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS
Emerging issues
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Threats to peace and security in the region
HIV/AIDS and conflict-related SGBV
HIV/AIDS concerns in humanitarian emergencies
HIV/AIDS concerns relating to law enforcement including tackling cross-border crime such as human trafficking and drug trafficking
Recommendations to the UN and its Member States
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Resources
1. Additional resources are needed to scale-up and expand initial efforts to implement resolution 1983 (e.g. mainstreaming costs for implementing resolution 1983 into on-going or core programming, to entering into partnerships to maximise resources, and finding sustainable ways to increase national financing for the response to HIV)
2. Adequate resources for monitoring and evaluation, coupled with on-going capacity development in this area, must be provided to improve evidence-informed decision-making on resolution 1983
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Guidance
3. Guidance is needed to clarify that resolution 1983 also applies to:-members of the UN Country Team and national actors where there is a UN peacekeeping operation; and -to conflict- and post-conflict situations without a UN peacekeeping operation
4. Good practices distilled from the West and Central Africa experiences of implementation resolution 1983 should be disseminated more broadly
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Programming
5. HIV prevention and response programmes need to be expanded beyond national military and police services to other uniformed services as well as to other key populations at higher risk of HIV
6. Efforts to provide an integrated package of services when implementing resolution 1983 need to be scaled-up
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Programming (research)
7. More research is needed on:-the linkages between HIV/AIDS and conflict-related SGBV-HIV/AIDS concerns in humanitarian emergencies-HIV/AIDS concerns relating to law enforcement including tackling cross-border crime such as human trafficking and drug trafficking
8. Research is needed into the effectiveness of peer education programmes for UN peacekeeping personnel as well as those for host communities