Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”

Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”

European’s Colonize Southeast Asia

• Motives for imperialism in Southeast Asia:

• Raw Materials

• New Markets

• Christian Converts

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The Dutch East Indies

• Dutch East India Company est. 1600s

• Coffee, Indigo, Spices

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The British in Burma & Malaya

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Port of Singapore becomes important place middle-ground between trade with Asia & the British Empire

French Indochina

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At first in the region to winChristian converts

Missionaries win some converts

Vietnamese try to expel the Christians

The Union of French Indochina

• French are alarmed at British attempts to monopolize trade in SE Asia

• France invades Vietnam in 1858-Siezing a portion of Southern Vietnam

• 1880s, France extends its control over Cambodia, the rest of Vietnam (Annam & Tonkin) and Laos

Thailand the Exception

• The Kingdom of Siam survives

• Rulers did not underestimate European powers

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• King Mongkut

• King Chulalongkorn

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Able to prevent colonization by maintaining relationships with Europeans

Indirect Rule

• Local rulers were allowed to maintain the authority although they differed final authority to colonial powers

• Advantages– Easier to access natural resources– Kept cost of government down – Maintained local cultureExample: Dutch East Indies

Direct Rule

• Local leaders are replaced by officials from the occupying country

• Used when local elites resisted

• Examples: Great Britain & France

Resistance to Imperialism

• Europeans exploit SE Asians – Low wages, horrible working conditions– High taxes

• Resistance came from:– Ruling class– Peasants– Western educated Nationalists

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

Over Cuba’s attempts to win Over Cuba’s attempts to win independence from Spainindependence from Spain

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

Over Cuba’s attempts to win Over Cuba’s attempts to win independence from Spainindependence from Spain

Spain in the Philippines

• Catholic missionaries

from Spain seized the

Philippines in the 1500s

• Filipinos resist

Spanish Catholic rule

-viewed church as corrupt

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The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

U.S. defeat Spanish fleet at U.S. defeat Spanish fleet at Manila BayManila Bay

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

U.S. defeat Spanish fleet at U.S. defeat Spanish fleet at Manila BayManila Bay

Commodore Dewey Captures Commodore Dewey Captures Manila!Manila!

Commodore Dewey Captures Commodore Dewey Captures Manila!Manila!

• Filipino rebel leaders declare independence from Spain & help the US fight the Spanish

• In return they expect the Americans to recognize their independence

• The US give $20 million to Spain for control of the Philippines

• Debate raged within the US over imperialist expansion

Filipino Nationalists Filipino Nationalists Renew their FightRenew their Fight

Filipino Nationalists Filipino Nationalists Renew their FightRenew their Fight

LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

Efforts were eventually crushed

Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”

The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898

Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.

Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.

The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.

The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League League

The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist

League LeagueFounded in 1899.Founded in 1899.

Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie, WilliamCarnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leaders.the leaders.

Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.

Social Darwinist ThinkingSocial Darwinist Thinking Social Darwinist ThinkingSocial Darwinist Thinking

The White Man’sBurden

The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy

of RaceThe Hierarchy

of Race

Religious/Missionary Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

Religious/Missionary Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in Hawaii

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849

by virtue of economic treaties.

Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849

by virtue of economic treaties.

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii

1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.

Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole

proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!

Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower

America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower