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Underfloor ventilation to enhance thermal comfort
Presented toThe Green Buildings Congress Hyderabad, September 2009
Author: Glan Blake Thomas C Eng MCIBSE
Member British Council for Offices International Committee
Improved Construction standards offerimproved staff performance
3
The British Council for Offices champions high quality office
space in the UK
Efficient office spaces incorporate flexible working and practical
meeting areas
Greater efficiency is a major driver in European office building design
Raised floors are commonplace in office buildings
The evolution of underfloor air distribution
Underfloor Air Distribution is widely accepted
Indoor Air Quality is high
Benefits of going underfloor
From this..... To this.....
Using the underfloor void for air distribution may be a useful tool in reducing the height of a building
Height saving in new buildings reduces cost in both fiscal terms and embodied energy
consumption
This 87 storey, Cheung Kong building in Hong Kong uses underfloor air distribution. Over 35m (10 floors) was saved in the height of construction whilst still retaining the same ceiling height as in the original design using overhead air distribution.
Thermal gain and therefore cooling loads are dramatically reduced
– Energy costs(Power, Water, Gas etc.)
85%
Total Costsafter 30 Years
15%
100%
Costs
TimeOperation
– Building operation costs
Investment
Construction
– Maintenance costs(preventive, planned costs)
– Facelifting, Investment
15%
– Maintenance costs(corrective, not planned costs)
– Costs for Construction
up to 60%
Life-cycle cost Complex Buildings
Reconfiguration is easy and less wasteful
Systems may be detached entirely from the building fabric
So....how does it work? Underfloor air may be supplied either centrally or on a zonal basis
The Center, Hong Kong
Zonal Air Handling Units Central Plant
Underfloor supply is often extracted at high level
Floor return is an option too
Air is filtered and cleaned using a variety of methods
Air may be introduced by fan power so reducing underfloor pressures
TEMPERATURE
VELOCITY
Air may be introduced very locally
Or very commonly by Displacement Swirl Grilles
VAV systems are popular in Europe
The next generation of VAV
IAQ in Underfloor Systems
Underfloor supply/high level return High level supply/high level return
Study of IAQ in Underfloor & Overhead Systems
04080
120160
Particles per cubic metre (millions)
Shin-Ichi Tanabe is a professor in the Department of Architecture, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hong Kong University study of Underfloor Air Desired Control Over Office Environment
6%
23%
67%
4%
No Control
Little Control
Some Control
Complete Control
Swedish Clinic for Occupational Medicine
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Underfloor air:• may be used in a wide variety of applications for cooling and/or heating. • is suitable for both new build and refurbishment applications• is suitable for floor voids as low as 150mm• offers increased headroom in refurbishments• saves up to 15% on the height of new buildings• allows freedom in design through the absence of overhead services• saves 90% in churn costs over ceiling systems through ease of reconfiguration• offers energy savings through zonal control, reduced fan power and free
cooling• may be used with re-usable energy applications• can assist in achieving improved LEED or BREEAM scores
• OPTIMISES INDOOR CLIMATE CONDITIONS SO AS TO MAXIMISE PRODUCTIVITY
As Engineers, we must not stay quiet, we must search for new ways and we must listen to
others
Remember, the World’s
resources are not inherited
from our ancestors, but
borrowed from our childrenwww.flexiblespace.com
Sustainability at Work