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Mac McCallShane McLaughlin

January 13, 2014

Motorcycle Research Group

Understanding Rider Differencesin Mileage and Riding Frequency

through the MSF100 Motorcyclists

Naturalistic Study

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Overview

� Objective and Caveats

� Data Acquisition

� Snapshot of current dataset

� A brief look at riding seasons

� Riders with one full year of data

� Qualitative comparison of frequent and infrequent riders

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Objective� To investigate differences in frequency, riding time and distance of frequent and infrequent riders.

� To understand the impact of factors such as temperature and time of year on motorcycle mileage.

� To Provide insight to range of motorcycle miles ridden during a one year period.

� Last motorcycle came off the road four weeks ago. More processing and interpretation are needed.

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Caveat

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• Machine vision lane tracker

• Accelerometers (3 axes)• Gyro (3 axes)• Forward radar• Speed• Turn Signals• Brake lever inputs• GPS• Continuous collection• 8-12 mo capacity• Cellular communication

Data Acquisition

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• Five color cameras • forward• rear• left• right • rider

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Data Addition and Processing

� GPS speed was integrated over time to estimate distance traveled.

� Where weather data were used

• NOAA weather data were matched to trip start times and GPS location

• Mean distance from NOAA station to trip start point less than 30 miles

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Dataset: Rider VMT Analysis� Total dataset includes 100 riders and over 38,000 trips

� Trips consisted of:• A key On/Off epoch

• Greater than 7 seconds with a travel distance > 0.1 miles

� 36 participants were removed for partial year of participation • moved, sold bike, did not complete participation, ran out of data collection

time, etc.

• Five participants were removed due to intermittent GPS data

� Dataset in presentation consists of 59 riders• Analyzed full year of data for exactly one year of riding

• Allowed for accurate depiction of what one year of riding looks like across multiple locations and weather conditions.

� 22,933 trips were used in this analysis.

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Demographics of Included Riders

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27.120.3

49.2

1.70

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60

Virginia Florida California Arizona

% of 59 Motorcycles from each of the Four Install Locations

79.7

20.30

50

100

Men Women

Gender by Percent of 59 Motorcyclists

45.8

15.3

39.0

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Cruser Sport Touring

% of Each of 3 Motorcycle Classes Present in 59 Rider Sample

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Frequent vs Infrequent Riders

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1median n trips = 221.5

distribution of trips counts for 59 participants

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Frequent vs Infrequent Riders: Trips per year

LowFrequency

Q2 Q3High

Frequency

Mean 52 148 357 789

Median 59 134 339 724

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n trips

Mean and Median N Trips per year for frequent and infrequent riders

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Frequent vs Infrequent Riders: Totals per year

LowFrequency

Q2 Q3High

Frequency

Mean 1,048.01 2,394.46 6,622.18 12,653.66

Median 922.42 2,160.91 6,347.64 13,416.52

02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,000

Minutes

Mean and Median Yearly Riding Durations for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

LowFrequency

Q2 Q3High

Frequency

Mean 624.01 1,456.40 4,368.33 8,316.45

Median 419.78 1,199.36 4,285.18 8,416.49

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000

Miles

Mean and Median Yearly Riding Distances for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

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Frequent and Infrequent Riders on Duration and Distance

LowFrequency

Q2 Q3High

Frequency

Mean 20.18 16.23 18.56 16.03

Median 15.63 16.13 18.75 18.53

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Trip D

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Mean and Median Trip Duration for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

LowFrequency

Q2 Q3High

Frequency

Mean 12.02 9.87 12.25 10.54

Median 7.11 8.95 12.66 11.62

02468

101214

Miles

Mean and Median Trip Distance for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

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Demographics: Median Split Based on Trip Count

� Data from the lowest and the highest two quartiles were joined into two groups

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7437

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2623

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Sport Touring Cruiser

High and Low Frequency Riders by Motorcycle Class

High Frequency Low Frequency

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Demographics: Median Split Based on Trip Count

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56 52

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44 48

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Arizona Flordida Virginia California

High and Low Frequency Riders by Install Location

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Male Female

High and Low Frequency Riders by Gender

High Frequency Low Frequency

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Frequent & Infrequent Riders trips by month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

High Frequency 820 838 1063 1085 1306 886 905 1176 973 1069 980 736

Q3 399 289 374 306 374 530 669 376 506 565 301 305

Q2 100 101 118 249 160 218 276 267 265 220 163 76

Low Frequency 15 12 45 63 90 77 80 62 89 162 45 39

Higher Freq Temp 58 59 60 66 69 73 76 77 74 68 61 56

Lower Freq Temp 64 59 64 70 69 69 73 71 76 72 63 62

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Tem

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N Trips

Trips Counts by Month with Average Temperature by Rider Group

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Frequent & Infrequent Riders on Riding Seasons

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lower Frequency 3.2 3.1 5.6 9.7 9.4 9.9 11.4 10.0 11.7 15.4 6.6 4.2

Higher Frequency 7.5 6.4 8.2 7.6 9.3 9.0 10.5 8.7 9.2 10.2 7.2 6.2

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% of Yearly Trips

% Trips by Month for Two Rider Groups

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Frequent and Infrequent: Weekend Warriors?

Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun

Lower Frequency 12.37 14.89 12.39 14.49 12.90 14.91 18.05

Higher Frequency 14.46 16.01 15.78 16.58 15.41 12.34 9.41

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% of Trips

per D

ay

% Rides by Day of Week for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun

Lower Frequency 11.08 14.88 11.32 12.23 12.87 15.04 22.58

Higher Frequency 14.62 12.08 16.10 15.96 15.76 13.92 11.57

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% of Total

Duration by Day

% Total Riding Duration by Day of Week for Frequent and Infrequent Riders

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Riding days per year frequent and infrequent riders� Riding Day: Any day containing one or more trips for an individual rider

� Frequent Riders ride, on average, 145 days a year.

• Average of 3.2 days in between riding days.

• Median time between riding days = 2.45

� Infrequent Riders ride, on average, 33 days per year

• Average of 16.17 days between riding days.

• Median time between rides 8.75 days

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Summary� Low Frequency riders are more likely to abide by a riding season

• 80% of infrequent rides occur during an April through October window

• 65% of frequent rides occur during same time

� Low & High Frequency Riders

• Difference in number of trips per year

• (mean = 789, mean = 52)

• No difference in distance of trips (mean = 11.68 miles)

• No difference in duration of trips (mean = 17.73 minutes)

� Lower Frequency Riders tend to ride more on the weekends than their higher frequency counterparts, and take longer trips (on average) when they do.

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Summary� FREQUENT upper half of dataset based on trips per year

• Ride on average 145 days per year

• Range 61 – 307 days per year

• Ride 58 miles per day ridden

• Average 6,342 miles per year

� INFREQUENT lower half of dataset based on trips per year

• Ride on average 29.5 days per year

• Range 3 – 71 days per year

• Ride 55 miles per day they ride

• Average 1,040 miles per year.

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Questions?

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Contact InformationIf you have any questions about motorcycle related research at VTTI or would like further information, please contact:

Mac McCallResearch AssociateMotorcycle Research Group(540) 231 - 3145RMcCall@vtti.vt.edu

http://www.motorcycle.vtti.vt.edu/