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8/4/2019 Unicode in Netweaver
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© 2004 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.The information contained herein is subject to change without notice
Unicode in SAPN etW eaver
Sebastian Buhlinger
SAP Consultant, HP-SAP EMEA CC
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Agenda
1. Introduction to Unicode
2. Unicode & SAP in General
3. Technology in Depth
4. Sizing Information for Unicode-based SAP Systems
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Introduction to Unicode
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1. Introduction to Unicode
• W hat is text?• History of character encoding
• Problem of character encoding
• From ASCII to Unicode• W hat is Unicode exactly?
• The Unicode Standard
• W here is Unicode used?
• The Unicode Consortium
• Unicode Encodings
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W hat is text?
• Code pages & encodings describe the handling of and theway text is stored in
• Computers• Files• Data structures
• Inside a computer program or data file, text is stored as asequence of numbers – just like “everything else”
• A character is a:• Letter,• Digit,• Period,
• Hyphen,• Punctuation or• Math symbol
• Furthermore there are control characters – typically not visible
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History of Character Encoding
• Historically, computers were pretty slow, had fairlylittle memory and were very expensive
• Up to 1960s I/ O meant pushing holes into papertapes
• Most of the character sets date back to punch-cardage and are designed with these cards in mind
• In the early days of computers every hardwaremanufacturer used proprietary technology (andencodings)
• International data interchange was no issue andso nothing needed to fit together
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Problem of character encoding
• W hich number is assigned to which character?• W hen typing an ‘A’ on the keyboard, the
computer uses the character code as a basis forpulling the character shape of ‘A’ from a font filelisting with the same binary number, and displaysor prints it
• The character ‘A’ may also have different integervalues in different programs or data files (‘A’ mightbe ‘ ’ in an Arabic font file)
• In some instances no number available for certaincharacters (f.i. “ä” à Ä)
• All data encoded in the form of binary numericalcodes
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Character repertoire
• English alphabet: with some digits and littlemore:~ 60 characters
• W estern European Standard: ~ 300 characters
for several languages• Korean: ~12.000 syllables
• Chinese dictionaries: ~ 50.000 letters
• Hundreds of other characters in common use,such as math and currency symbols
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From ASCII to Unicode
• Most character sets and encodings in 70s/ 80swere modifications or extensions of ASCII
• Many of them used 8-bit with a subset of the94 used ASCII characters
• Most common encodings nowadays use singlebyte per character (SBCS)
• They are all limited to 256 characters
• Due to that, none of them can even cover theletters for the W estern European languages
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From ASCII to Unicode
• Consequence: many different 8-bitencodings were created to fulfill the needsof different user communities
• Solution for data interchange in globalnetworked information society andcollaborative business world:single character set for all languages in use
• Unicode can encode 4.294.967.296different characters, symbols and controlcharacters
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W hat is Unicode exactly?
• Unicode = universally encoded character set tostore information from any language
• Unicode defines• properties for each character
• standardizes script behavior• provides a standard algorithm for bi directional text• defines cross-mappings for other standards
• Unicode defines a unique code value for every
character, regardless of platform, program orprogramming language used
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W hat is Unicode exactly?
• Additionally it also includes punctuationmarks, diacritics, mathematical symbols,technical symbols, musical symbols, arrows,dingbats etc.
• In all, the Unicode Standard comprises>95.000 characters, ideograph sets,
symbols (version 4.0)
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The Unicode Standard
• The Unicode Standard is a character codingsystem designed to support the worldwide• interchange,• processing,
• and displayof written text of the diverse languages andtechnical disciplines of the modern world
• In addition, it supports classical andhistorical texts of many written languages
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W here is Unicode used?
• The Unicode standards has been adopted bymany software and hardware vendors
• Mosts OSs support Unicode
• Unicode is required for international document
and data interchange, the Internet and theW W W , and therefore by modern standards suchas:• Java, C#, Perl, Python• Markup languages such as XML, HTML, XHTML,
MathML, W ML etc.• JavaScript• LDAP• CORBA etc.
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The Unicode Consortium
• The Unicode Consortium is a non-profitorganization originally founded to• develop,• extend,
• and promotethe use of the Unicode Standard
• Members of the Consortium include major
computer corporations, software producers,database vendors, research institutions,international agencies, various user groups,and interested individuals
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The Unicode Consortium
• The Consortium cooperates with• W 3C and• ISO• and has liaison status "C" with ISO/ IEC/
JTC 1/ SC2/ W G2, which is responsible for inrefining the specification and expanding thecharacter set of ISO/ IEC 10646
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Unicode Encodings
• UTF = Unicode Transformation Format• UCS = Universal Character Set
• CESU = Compatibility Encoding Scheme
• Conversion between different encodings is asimple, bit-wise operation (defined instandard)
• No performance excessive conversion tablenecessary!
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Unicode Encodings
• UTF-8: Unicode Transformation based on 8-bit representation
• CESU-8: Compatibility Encoding Scheme ofUTF-16 on an 8-bit base
• UTF-16: Unicode Transformation based on
16-bit representation
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Unicode Encodings
• UCS-2: Universal Character Set 2 bytevariation (16-bit)
• UTF-32: Unicode Transformation based on32-bit representation
• UCS-4: Universal Character Set 4 byte
variation (32 bit)
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Unicode Encodings
• Not all Unicode characters are 2 bytes long’ no doubling of hw requirements in thefirst place
• Unicode encoding determines the length ofa character
• Character in one Unicode encoding can belonger than 1 byte; therefore Unicode
characters can be longer than charactersdefined in a standard code page
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UTF-8
• UTF-8 used for UNIX-platforms, HTML and mostInternet Browsers
• Main benefits of UTF-8:• compact storage requirements for European
scripts• in general European scripts will occupy less
storage on disk and memory
• ease of migration –> since 7-bit ASCII dataremains the same in UTF-8, data conversioneffort between ASCII based character sets andUTF-8 is reduced significantly
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UTF-8 / CESU-8 (8-bit encodings)
• 8-bit encodings are well-suited for datatransfer since all 7-bit ASCII and 8-bit ISOcharacters retain the same code points
• Easier communication with legacy and non-Unicode systems
• Downside: variable character length
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UCS-2
• UCS-2 has a fixed width of 16 bit (2 bytes)• UCS-2 is the Unicode encoding for Java & W in NT 4.0
• Main benefits of UCS-2:• More compact storage requirements for Asian scripts
(each character represented with 2 bytes only)• String processing will be faster because all charactersare of the same width
• Good compatibility with Java and Microsoft clients
• Downside:
• UCS-2 can support Unicode characters defined up toUnicode 3.0 only (max. 65.536)
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UTF-16
• UTF-16 is the 16-bit encoding of Unicode• Basically an extension of UCS-2
• One Unicode character can be 2 or 4 bytes inthe encoding
• Characters from European and most Asianscripts are represented in 2 bytes
• Supplementary characters are represented in 4
bytes• UTF-16 is the main Unicode encoding from
Windows 2K
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UTF-16
• Main benefits of UTF-16:• More compact storage requirements for Asian
scripts (2 bytes for commonly used characters)• Ideal if European and Asian scripts are used
together--> UTF-16 will occupy less storage on disk andmemory than with UTF-8 (3 bytes for Asian part)
• Balance of efficient access to characters andeconomical use of storage
• Above mentioned points reason for use of UTF-16in SAP W eb Ap p licat ion Serv er
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UCS-2 / UTF-16 (16-bit encodings)
• 16-bit encodings offer a compromisebetween the pros and cons of the 8-bit andthe 32-bit encodings, respectively
• They do not need as much memory as 32-bitencodings, but offer quasi fixed characterlength
• UCS-2 has a fixed character length, but itcannot define more than 2^16 (65.636)characters
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UTF-32
• 32-Bit encoding
• Popular when memory space is no concern
• Fixed width (4Byte)
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UCS-4 / UTF-32 (32-bit encodings)
• All 32-bit encodings have a fixed length
• This advantage is outweighed by the
extensive memory & storage requirements
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Example #1
D834 DD1EN/AF0 9D 84 9E•
98759875E4 BA 75
06640664DA 64
00F600F6C3 B6Ö
00C600C6C3 86Æ
0063006363c
0041004141A
UTF-16UCS-2UTF-8Character
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Example #2 – character “ • ” U+AC00
00CAHEX
0000000011001010BINUTF-
16
00001100 00001010Regroup bits
0000000000111010
000010000000101110101110Remove lead
bytes
000010000000101110101110BIN
080BAEHEXUTF-
8
Lead By te Indicator Tra il ing By te Indicato r
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Unicode & SAP inGeneral
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2. Unicode & SAP in General
• Languages and characters• Characters on Disk/ Memory
• Code Pages
• SAP & Code Pages• Language Combinations before Unicode
• Recommendations from SAP (w/ o Unicode)
• Unicode-compliant SAP products
• W hen/ why do customers need Unicode?
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Language and characters
• Languages are written in fonts• Only a few languages use the same fonts
• A font is a group of characters
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Characters on Disk/ Memory
• A character is stored as a byte sequence on disk• a code page defines the mapping between the
byte sequence and a character
Characters on Disk/ Memory
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Code Pages
• The code page determine what character you cansee and enter
Characters on Disk/ Memory
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Code Pages
• different code pages map different characters tothe same byte sequence
Characters on Disk/ Memory
Sing le By te Double Byte
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SAP & Code Pages
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
• Single Standard Code Pages• supports specific sets of languages• the number and combination of languages that are supported
cannot be altered
• Standard code pages and R/ 3 languages (w/ o EBCDIC)
Double-Byte Code Pages
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
• It is also possible to specify a customer-specific language; this language must useone of the code pages that SAP supports;see Note 0112065
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
• Blend ed Cod e Pages (≥ Rel. 3 .1 D)• SAP proprietary code pages that contain characters
from one or more standard code pages
• increases the combinations of languages that can be
used
• functionally, a Blended Code Page system uses asingle code page
• a Blended Code Page is a single code page system• users can see and enter all characters contained in the
code page, regardless of their log-in language
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
SAP Code Page Suppor ted Languages
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
• the availability of SAP blended code pages isplatform dependent, because SAP blendedlocales need to be created for each platform
• Blended Locale Status (x = available −− = not available)
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Language Combinations before
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Example
• Each user can only access one code page at atime: a user who logs in as a Japanese usercannot enter German characters, and all Germancharacters in the database will not be correctlydisplayed
1100 – ISO-1
8 0 00 - SJ I S
Language Combinations beforeUnicode
DBAppl ica t ion
Server
Front End
Japan
Germany
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
Example
JapaneseUser
GermanUser
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
Please Note:• It is possible for a user to log on with German and
then manipulate the character set and font settingsso that he can enter what appear to be Japanesecharacters; these characters will not be correctlystored in the database and th is da ta w i ll becorrupt
• If a user wants to enter f.i. Japanese, he/ she mustlog on in Japanese
Language Combinations before
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Language Combinations beforeUnicode
Please Note:• To insure that no data corruption occurs, the
following restrictions must be followed:
• Global data must contain only 7-bit ASCIIcharacters, which are in all code pages
• Users may use only the characters of their log-inlanguage or 7-bit ASCII
• Batch processes must be assigned with the
correct user ID and language• EBCDIC code pages are not supported
Recommendations from SAP
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Recommendations from SAP(w/ o Unicode)
• In general, using a single standard code page fornew installations and upgrades is the optimaldecision
• If additional languages or language combinationsare needed, SAP recommends UnambiguousBlended Code Pages for new installations andMDMP for existing installations
• Unambiguous Blended Code Pages only supportcertain language combinations and therefore an
MDMP setup may be the only possibility for newinstallations as well
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Unicode-compliant SAP products
• All Unicode installations are currently planned onlywith written permission of SAP carried out ascustomer projects together with SAP, except ofnew installations of R/ 3 Enterprise Extension Set2.0
Unicode compliant SAP products (SAP
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Unicode-compliant SAP products (SAPNote 79991)
ü
SAP Web A ppl icat ion Server (≥
6.20)
üm y SAP Custom er Relationship M anag ement(CRM)• The Unicode version of mySAP CRM 4.0 is available via Ramp-Up
üm y SAP Sup p ly Cha in M ana gement (SCM )• The Unicode version of mySAP SCM 4.0 is available via Ramp-Up
üm y SAP Sup p lier Relationship M ana gem ent (SRM )• The Unicode version of mySAP SRM 4.0 is available via Ramp-Up• conversions (with or without MDMP) of existing SRM installations
Unicode compliant SAP products (SAP
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Unicode-compliant SAP products (SAPNote 79991)
ü
mySAP Business Intelligence (BW)• The Unicode version of mySAP BW 3.5 is available via Ramp-Up• the conversion of existing BW installations as customer project• SAP Note 643813 has a collection of all relevant SAP notes
concerning Unicode-based SAP BW installations
üm y SAP Prod uct Lifecy cle Mana gement (PLM )• The Unicode version of mySAP PLM 4.0 is available via Ramp-Up
üSAP R/ 3 Enterpr ise (Ex t. 1.1 0 & hig her)
üSAP Exchange Infrastructure
W hen/ why do customers need
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yUnciode?
• Global businesses that require IT systems tosupport multilingual data without any restrictions
’ f.i. customers with one WW central SAP system
• W eb interfaces open the door to a globalcustomer base, and IT systems must consequentlybe able to support multiple local languagessimultaneously
W hen/ why do customers need
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yUnciode?
• W ith J2EE integration, mySAP components fullysupport web standards, and with Unicode, it nowcan take full advantage of XML and Java
• Only Unicode makes it possible to seamlesslyintegrate inhomogeneous SAP and non-SAP systemlandscapes’ NetWeaver
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Technology in Depth
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3. Technology in Depth
• Unicode & Operating Systems• Unicode & Databases
• SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
• How to Unicode-enable a program
• Unicode-enabled ABAP
• Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
• Unicode Conversion, IMIG Lab Test
• SAP System-to-System communication
• Printing & Output Management
Unicode & Operating Systems –
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HP-UX
• HP-UX is Unicode-enabled since version 10.x• All Unicode locales in the HP-UX operating
environment are based on the UTF-8 format
• Each locale includes a base language in the UTF-8
code set and the regional data related to this baselanguage
• This includes local formatting rules, text messages,help messages, and other related files
• Each locale also supports several other scripts forinput, display, code conversion, and printing
Unicode & Operating Systems -
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Windows
• Some Unicode support has been included inMicrosoft Win d o w s since Windows 95, andWindows NT 4
• W indows 2000 and W indows XP/ 2003 arebased on Unicode instead of the ANSI or W GL4character sets
• Before W in2K, your version of W i n d o w s mayhave used a different character set if you live in acountry such as Egypt, Greece, Israel, Russia or
Thailand that uses a non-Latin alphabet
Unicode & Operating Systems –
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Windows
• The first 128 characters were the same as inANSI, but many of the places in the second set of128 were taken by characters from the Arabic,Greek, Hebrew, Cyrillic or Thai alphabets
• This caused and still causes problems whenmoving documents between operating systemssuch as DOS, W indows, Mac OS and UNIX orexchanging documents electronically that were
created on computers using different character sets
Unicode & Operating Systems –Li
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Linux
• Before UTF-8 emerged, Linux users all over theworld had to use various different language-specific extensions of ASCII
• Most popular were ISO 8859-1 and ISO 8859-2in Europe, ISO 8859-7 in Greece, KOI-8 / ISO8859-5 / CP1251 in Russia, EUC and Shift-JIS inJapan, BIG5 in Taiwan, etc.
• This made the exchange of files difficult andapplication software had to worry about varioussmall differences between these encodings
Unicode & Operating Systems –Li
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Linux
• Because of these difficulties, major Linuxdistributors and application developers have nowstarted to phase out these older legacy encodingsin favor of UTF-8
• UTF-8 support has improved dramatically over thelast few years and ever more people now use UTF-8 on a daily basis in• text files (source code, HTML files, email messages, etc.)
• file names• standard input and standard output, pipes• …
Unicode & Operating Systems –Li
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Linux
• In UTF-8 mode, terminal emulators (such as xterm)transform every keystroke into the correspondingUTF-8 sequence and send it to the stdin of theforeground process
• Similarly, any output of a process on stdout is sentto the terminal emulator, where it is processed witha UTF-8 decoder and then displayed using a 16-
bit font
Unicode & Operating Systems –Li
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Linux
• Before you start experimenting with UTF-8 underLinux, update your installation to a recentdistribution with up-to-date UTF-8 support
• This is particular the case if you use an installationolder than SuSE 8.1 or Red Hat 8.0
• Before these, UTF-8 support was far too limited
and experimental to be recommendable for dailyuse
Littl Bi E di
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Little vs. Big Endian
• UCS and Unicode are first of all just codetables that assign integer numbers tocharacters
• There exist several alternatives for how asequence of such characters or their respectiveinteger values can be represented as asequence of bytes
• The two most obvious encodings store Unicodetext as sequences of either 2 or 4 bytessequences
Little vs Big Endian
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Little vs. Big Endian
• The official terms for these encodings are UCS-2 and UCS-4, respectively
• Unless otherwise specified, the most significantbyte comes first in these (Big Endian
convention)• An ASCII or Latin-1 file can be transformed into
a UCS-2 file by simply inserting a 0x00 byte infront of every ASCII byte
• If we want to have a UCS-4 file, we have toinsert three 0x00 bytes instead before everyASCII byte
Little vs Big Endian
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Little vs. Big Endian
66 5353 66E6 99 93U+6653
05 D0D0 05D7 90U+05D0
03 B1B1 03CE B1U+03B1
00 C4C4 00C3 84U+00C4Ä
00 4141 0041U+0041A
[BigEndian]
[LittleEndian]
UTF-16UTF-16UTF-8 / CESU-8Unicode Scalar ValueCharacter
Unicode & Databases
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Unicode & Databases
P----PPPPSAP DB
P?PPPPPDB2
P----PPPPOracle
------------PSQL ServerLinuxOS/ 390OS/ 400AIXSolarisHP-UXWin2K
P Avai lable ? Currently not av ai lab le -- Unsupp orted in general
Supported Databases by SAP (WAS 6.20)
Unicode & Databases
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Unicode & Databases
UTF-88.0
UTF-167.0SAP DBUTF-16AS400
CESU-8AIXDB2
UTF-8 / UTF-1610g
UTF-8 / UTF-169i
UTF-88
UTF-87.2Oracle
UTF-162000SQL Server
EncodingsVersionManufacturer
SAP Unicode based Code Pages
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SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
• W ith the Unicode enablement of mySAP.comcomponents (check chapter #1), the old codepage management had to be changed
• Instead of using SAP character numbers allcode pages are now based on Unicode
cha racter Ids
• ’ 5 digit SAP Character numbers no longeradequate
This cha ng e is va lid for both Unicod eand N on -Unicod e Sy stems!
SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
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SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
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SAP Unicode-based Code Pages• Connection between SAP
character number &Unicode character ID isfound in table TCP01
• You can see the connectionin the SPAD charactersection
• NOTE: not every characterhas a correspondingUnicode character ID!
f.i.
SAP Unicode-based Code Pages
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SAP Unicode based Code Pages
•
The migration of all SAP code pages from the oldto the new format was done using reportRSCP0126
• The definition of code pages is still in TCP00
Custom ers m ust m igr ate their ow n codepages (9x x x ) using RSCP0126
themselves!
How to Unicode-enable a program
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How to Unicode enable a program• Separate Unicode and Non-Unicode version of
R/ 3ABAP
source Non-Unicode
R/ 3
Unicod e R/ 3
• 1 char acter = 1 by te(types C, N, D, T, STRING)
• N on-Unicode k ernel
• N on-Unicode d atab ase
• 1 char acter = 2 by tes’ UTF-16
(types C, N, D, T, STRING)
• Unicode kernel
• Unicode da taba se
• No explicit Unicode data type in ABAP
• Single ABAP source for Unicode and non-Unicode systems
How to Unicode-enable a program
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How to Unicode enable a program
• Major part of ABAP coding is ready forUnicode without any changes
• Minor part of ABAP coding has to beadapted to comply with Unicode restrictions
(f.i. syntactical restrictions)
How to Unicode-enable a program
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How to Unicode enable a program• Program attribute
„Unicode checksactive“
Unicode Enabled ABAP
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Unicode Enabled ABAP
Design Goals
• Platform independenceØIdentical behavior on Unicode and non-Unicode systems
• Highest level of compatibility to the pre-Unicode
worldØMinimize costs for Unicode enabling of ABAP Programs
Main Features
• Clear distinction between character and byte
processing1 Character <> 1 By te
Unicode Enabled ABAP
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Unicode Enabled ABAP
ABAP lists: Difference between memory and displaylength
Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
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g g
Step 1
• In non-Unicode system
• Adapt all ABAP programs to Unicode syntax and
runtime restrictions
• Set attribute "Unicode enabled" for all programs
Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
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g g
Step 2
• Set up a Unicode system• Unicode kernel + Unicode database• Only ABAP programs with the Unicode attribute are executable
•
Do runtime tests in Unicode system
• Check for runtime errors
• Look for semantic errors
• Check ABAP list layout with former double byte characters
Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
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g g
Use UCCHECK to analyze your applications:
• Remove errors
• Inspect statically not analyzable places (optional)• Untyped field symbols
• Offset with variable length• Generic access to database tables
• Set Unicode program attribute using UCCHECK orSE38 / SE24 / ...
• Do additional checks with SLIN (e.g. matching ofactual and formal parameters in function modules)
Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
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g g
Migrating to Unicode enabled ABAP
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Upgrade to
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pUnicode
Upgrade to Unicode
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• W ith Unicode, there are no limitations on users,and all languages in the ISO639 standard can beused
• Unicode is technically supported as of Basis
Release 6.20, see Note 0379940 for moreinformation
• A single code page system (standard or
Unambiguous Blended Code Page) can beupgraded to Unicode using the normal upgrademethod
Unicode Conversion Roadmap
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Preparat ion
• During preparation, topics such as
• additional hardware requirements,• downtime issues,
• Unicode-enabling of customer developments,• and the special treatment of MDMP systems
have to be taken into consideration
Unicode Conversion Roadmap
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Conversion
• The Unicode conversion process is based on asystem copy, and during this process, thedatabase conversion and system shutdown/ restartare as automated as possible
• For small to mid-size databases (< 1 TB), this isbased on an SAP Unload/ Reload of the completedatabase; minimum downtime tools will be usedfor larger databases.
Unicode Conversion Roadmap
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Post-Conversion
• Once the Unicode system is up and running, you need to• verify data consistency on a scenario basis,• as well as carry out general integration testing
• For systems that support multiple languages, specialemphasis needs to be placed on cross-language handlingduring the test phase.
• Correction tools are provided by SAP, which can be usedin the case that conversion did not run properly.
Unicode Conversion Roadmap
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Post-Conversion
• Additional Tool: SAP Data Management - reducing thedatabase size and growth
• To keep your database costs in check, the SAP DataManagement service frees up valuable database resourcesby showing you how to reduce the size and growth of yourdatabase by typically 25 % (see details).
Unicode Conversion at a Glance
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Preparation
Conversion
Post-Conversion
Set up the Unicode
Conversion Project
Check Prerequisites
Data Analysis fordowntime minimization –special MDMP treatment
Enabling of CustomerDevelopments
Highly automated
System will be downduring database
conversion
Unload /reload processfor small databases
Minimum downtime toolfor large databases
Unicode system is upand running
Verification ofData Consistency
Integration Testingfocused on
language handling
Upgrade Paths to Unicode (R/ 3Enterprise)S
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R/3 4.6c
Source system Target system
R/3 Enterprise
non-Unicode
R/3 Enterprise
Unicode
R/3 4.5b
R/3 3.1i
l First upgrade, then conversion to Unicode
l R/3 Enterprise Ramp-Up started 2002-07
l Unicode availability follows a phase of
restricted shipment with pilot customers
R/3 4.6b
R/3 4.0b Conversion
Directupgrade
Upgrade Paths to Unicode (BW 3.1)S t T
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BW 3.0
Source system Target system
BW 3.1
non-Unicode
BW 3.1
Unicode
BW 2.1C
BW 2.0B
l Interfacing R/3 MDMP on a project base only
l Unicode BEXGUI restrictions apply
l First upgrade, then conversion to Unicode
l BW 3.1 Ramp-Up starting 2002-12
l Unicode availability follows a phase ofrestricted shipment with pilot customers
Conversion
Upgrade Paths to Unicode (CRM3.1)
S t T
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CRM 3.0
Source system Target system
CRM 3.1
non-Unicode
CRM 3.1
Unicode
l Selected scenarios onlyçècooperation with SAP GBU CRM required
l First upgrade, then conversion to Unicode
l CRM 3.1 Ramp-Up starting 2002-12
l Unicode availability follows a phase ofrestricted shipment with pilot customers
CRM 2.0B
CRM 2.0C
Conversion
Unicode Conversion at a Glance
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Preparation
Conversion
Post-Conversion
Set up the Unicode
Conversion Project
Check Prerequisites
Data Analysis fordowntime minimization –special MDMP treatment
Enabling of CustomerDevelopments
Highly automated
System will be downduring database
conversion
Unload /reload processfor small databases
Minimum downtime toolfor large databases
Unicode system is upand running
Verification ofData Consistency
Integration Testingfocused on
language handling
Prerequisites, special MDMPtreatment
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• OSS Note 548016Conversion from Unicode to non-Unicode is not possible
The Unicode Conversion of MDMP AND also AmbiguousCode page systems ( Code Page numbers 6100, 6200 and6500 ) is only supported on project basis with SAP
involvement
• OSS Note 543715The Unicode Conversion of a BW 3.1 system requiresadditional steps regarding the system copy
• OSS Note 573044If you are using HR functionality within R/ 3 Enterprise , alsoadditional steps are mandatory
6.30 Unicode & MCOD
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ABAP Stack (non Unicode/Unicode)
ABAP Stack (non Unicode/Unicode)
Java Stack (Unicode)
Java Stack (Unicode)
System QA1
System TC2
SAPQA1
SAPQA1DB
SAPTC2
SAPTC2DB
• W ith SAP W ebAS 6.30 a database abstraction layer for
the Java stack was introduced – OpenSQL for Java• Tables of the Java stack are stored in the same database
instance like the tables of the ABAP stack in two differentschema (except Informix)
• The concept of MCOD installations is fully supported by
the combined stack of ABAP and Java
Unicode Conversion at a Glance
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Preparation
Conversion
Post-Conversion
Set up the Unicode
Conversion Project
Check Prerequisites
Data Analysis fordowntime minimization –special MDMP treatment
Enabling of CustomerDevelopments
Highly automated
System will be downduring database
conversion
Unload /reload processfor small databases
Minimum downtime toolfor large databases
Unicode system is upand running
Verification ofData Consistency
Integration Testingfocused on
language handling
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SAP System-to-SystemCommunication
SAP System-to-System communication
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• SAP W eb Application Server (≥ 6.20)
• Only one source code exists for Unicode-based and non-Unicode-based systems,’ new developments can be smoothly exchanged
• The interfaces (e.g. RFC) have been extended, so thatcommunication between other Unicode-based systems ornon-Unicode-based systems is possible. Furthermore,SAP provides standard tools for the installation of (andconversion to) Unicode-based systems that can also be
used for checking and Unicode-enabling of customerdevelopments
SAP System-to-System communicationl id li
Latin-1 SJIS
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• solid l ines:
receiver can receiveall characters
• do tted l ines:receiver cannotreceive characters,which are not in itsown code page. Butas long as you restrictthe character set, datacan be sent fromeverywhere toeverywhere.
Unicode R/ 3
W W W
http/ RFC
http/ RFC
SJIS
Latin-1
Non-UnicodeR/ 3SJIS
MDMP R/ 3
SAP System-to-System communication
RFC
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RFC
• Unicod e <-> Unicod e• no problem
• non Unicod e <-> non Unicod e
• old stuff, receiver converts code page if possible
• Unicod e <-> non Unicod e• the Unicode side converts from/ to the code page of the
non Unicode side• MDMP is converted with a languages key• System settings allow the configuration of error handling
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SAP System-to-System communication
RFC (SM 59) U i d U i d
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RFC (SM 59) – Unicod e <–> no n Unicode
Printing & Output Management
W ha t is a SAP device type?
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W ha t is a SAP device type?• configuration file for the SAP printer driver that ensures
proper functionality between the SAP data stream and theprinter or output device where the data is sent
Prin ter d riv ers & dev ice ty pes• In R/ 3, a distinction is made between "printer driver" and
"device type“
• A device type consists of a variety of attributes defined foran output device
• One of these attributes is the printer driver to be used bySAPscript (R/ 3 forms processor) for this particular printer
Printing & Output Management
device types cover aspects such as control commands
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• device types cover aspects such as control commands
for font selection, page size, character set selection,character set used and so on
• a device type must be specified to enable direct-printing from the SAP applications for every newprinter defined in SAP environment
• device types are created by SAP for the entire HPLaserJet printer family on the basis of PCL5, PCL6 andPostScript
• SAP develops, tests and supports device types for HP
products that can be found here:http:/ / h40045.www4.hp.com/ printing_solutions/ Device_Types.html
Printing & Output Management
at present there are five SAPscript printer drivers
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• at present, there are five SAPscript printer drivers
They include:• HP-PCL5 (for example, HP Laserjet 3,4,5,6 series)• PostScript printers (PS level 2)• PRESCRIBE (for example, Kyocera FS-1500)• device types SW IN/ SAPW IN/ xxSW IN/ xxSAPW IN
Printing & Output Management
Unicode Device Types
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Unicode Device Types• LEXMARK is going into HP accounts, claiming that only
LEXMARK could support SAP UNICODE printing.
Background:
• in order to support UNICODE character-sets on an HP
printer, customers need to have a UNICODE compliantprinter and a SAP UNICODE device-type
• UNICODE compliant printer are defined by firmwaresupport for UTF8 and/ or UTF16 and UNICODE fontsloaded on the printer
• today LEXMARK is the preferred vendor for SAP UNICODEprinting
Printing & Output Management
Solution fo r HP
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Solution fo r HP• all OZ based printers (LJ2300 and higher) support by default
UNICODE UTF16 fonts in PCL6
• the LJ2300, CLJ9500 and future products will support UTF8 fontsin PCL5
• firmware role is planned to also support all current OZ based
printers (LJ4200/ 4300, LJ9000, CLJ4600, CLJ5500) to supportUTF-8 in PCL5
• furthermore the UNICODE fonts need to be loaded on the printer(e.g. stored on internal hard-disc)
• today we have a UNICODE-prototype-solution available to print
from an SAP environment• for more information, contact Alan Cooke (U.S.) or Stephen
Westberg (EMEA)
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Sizing Information forUnicode-based SAPSystems
Sizing Info - General
The space requirements for encoding a text
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The space requirements for encoding a text,compared to encodings currently in use (8bit per character for European languages,more for Chinese/ Japanese/ Korean), is asfollows ’ next Slide
This has an influence on disk storage spaceand network download speed (when no
form of compression is used)
Sizing Info - General
UTF-8
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UTF 8
No change for US ASCII, just a few percent more forISO-8859-1, 50% more for Chinese/ Japanese/ Korean,100% more for Greek and Cyrillic
UCS-2 and UTF-16
No change for Chinese/ Japanese/ Korean. 100% morefor US ASCII and ISO-8859-1, Greek and Cyrillic
UCS-4
100% more for Chinese/ Japanese/ Korean. 300% morefor US ASCII and ISO-8859-1, Greek and Cyrillic
Ex pected Hardw areRequirements
• Increase of CPU requirements
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• Increase of CPU requirementsØDepending on existing solution:
ISO-LATIN1 (ASCII) ð Unicode: +30%Double-Byte/ MDMP ð Unicode: + <5%
• Increase of memory requirementsØIncrease of memory requirements depending on
underlying DB (+ ~50%)ØApplication Server internally based on UTF-16; DB either
UTF-8, CESU-8 or UTF-16
Unicode Conversion Demo
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JAVA App let Dem o
Ex pected Hardw areRequirements• Database growth depending on
Ø DB Unicode encoding schema (e g CESU 8 UTF 16)
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Ø DB Unicode encoding schema (e.g. CESU-8, UTF-16)
Ø Languages in use
A
1100 8000 CESU-8 UTF-16
Ä
1100 8000 CESU-8 UTF-16
•
1100 8000 CESU-8 UTF-16
60-70%SQL Server, DB/ 2 (AS400), SAP DB(7.0)
UTF-16
35%Oracle, SAP DB (8.0)
DB/ 2 (AIX)
UTF-8CESU-8
Add it ional Storag eReq‘s
ManufacturersEncoding
1
B y t e
• Network load: (draft results)<7% for Latin-1, about 15% for Japanese, 25% for otherAsian languages
Ex pected Hardw areRequirements
R/3 Release 4 0 4 5 4 6c 4 7 (6 20) non Unicode
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NON-Unicode
R/3 Release 4.0 4.5 4.6c 4.7 (6.20) non-Unicode
CPU 1 +20% +15% +5%
Memory 1 +20% DB: +20%; +5%App:+10%
Disk 1 +10% +10% +10%
Ex pected Hardw areRequirements
R/3 Release 4 7 (6 20) non-Unicode 4 7 with Unicode
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Unicode
R/3 Release 4.7 (6.20) non-Unicode 4.7 with Unicode
CPU 1 +30% to 35%
Memory 1 +50%
Disk 1 +~35% (UTF-8)+60-70% (UTF-16)