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C02 Basic Chemistry note Sept 4.notebook
1
September 04, 2013
UNIT 1 CHEMISTRYBASIC CHEMISTRY (Review from Grade 9)Chemistry is the study of the nature of matter and how matter interacts. Matter is anything that has _________ and takes up _____________.
Early Greek philosophers believed that you could break matter into smaller and smaller pieces until you reached a particle that couldn't break down any farther. They called this basic particle the _________ which means "indivisible" in Greek.
Over time, scientists found that very few substance in nature are made of just one single type of atom. Most matter was made up of combinations of different types of atoms.
Atoms can be found alone or they can be joined to other atoms called ______________.
H OHe Au
Atoms Compounds
Table 1: The types of particles that form compounds
MgC
Democritus (460370 BC)
In the late 1860's, a Russian chemist named Dimitri Mendeleev organized the known elements into a table, placing them according to their physical properties. The organization of the elements that he came up with became known as the __________ Table of the Elements because it showed the properties of the elements in a pattern of regular intervals, or periodically.
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
video clip 100 Greatest Discoveries Chemistry clip starts at 15:30
H H O OHH
C O O O C O
H H O O O O HH
C02 Basic Chemistry note Sept 4.notebook
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September 04, 2013
Every element belongs to both a group and a period.
1. Group the ______________ on the periodic table.
2. Period the _____________ on the periodic table.
remove tabs to see names
The elements can also be divided into metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
C02 Basic Chemistry note Sept 4.notebook
3
September 04, 2013
REVIEWING THE ATOMIn 1805, long before Mendellev's table, John Dalton resurfaced an old idea that as you split matter apart, you would eventually reach the smallest particle that could no longer be split that particle would be indivisible, called "atomos" in Greek. We call this particle the _______.
Several experiments challenged this notion as we furthered our understanding of the atom. Match the experiment with the person and model.
Thompson's Atomic Model (1897)• J.J Thompson's model of the atom was called the ______________ _______ model.• Thompson discovered the idea of ___________ in the atom.• His model placed the electrons throughout the positively charged atom.
BohrRutherford's Atomic Model (early 1900's) • Rutherford discovered that the __________ is a dense mass of protons located at the centre. • ___________ exist outside the nucleus. Bohr discovered that __________ exist in electron levels or shells. • The atom is mainly empty space.
In 1932, James Chadwick discovered a third subatomic particle (the neutron) that is also found in the nucleus. Complete the following table regarding the Subatomic particles of any atom:
Word Bank
Particles Charge Mass (amu) Location
Positive Positive 1 Nucleus
Neutrons Neutral 1 Nucleus
Electrons Negative Negligible(1/2000)
Shells or Orbitals
Label the atom
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron
C02 Basic Chemistry note Sept 4.notebook
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September 04, 2013
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER THE ATOM AND THE PERIODIC TABLEAll atoms consist of 3 particles ______________, __________________, and _______________.
The number of protons defines the type of atom. Different elements all have different number of protons in each atom but every atom of any element has the exact same number of protons.
Atoms where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons are called _______.
The Periodic Table of Elements combines all this information in a coded form to provide as much information in the smallest space possible.
# of protons = atomic numberBe4
For this example: # of protons = ____, therefore the assumed # of electrons = _____.
Complete for the following:
Ag473
Li# of protons = ____ # of electrons = ____
This information is combined with both Bohr's and Rutherford's model of the atom to give us a schematic view of the atom. We call these BothRutherford diagrams. The electrons are placed in shells or orbitals around the nucleus. The inner shells are filled first.
Examples
3p Na11
11p
Try these ones:
Be4
Ar18
Note the electrons are limited to 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second and 8 in the third. The electrons fill the inner most shell before moving to the next shell. Electrons also generally exist in pairs.
# of protons = ____ # of electrons = ____
3
Li
C02 Basic Chemistry note Sept 4.notebook
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September 04, 2013