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Unit 1 ~ Learning Guide Name:___________________ INSTRUCTIONS

Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions about anything that you don't understand BEFORE you write the unit test. 1.1 The Excretory System

1. What is another term used for the excretory system?

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2. The excretory system is a group of organs that work together to:

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3. Fill in the blanks: This system contains your ____________, your __________,

your _______________ and your ________________.

4. What is the difference between your urethra and your ureters?

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5. Each kidney is around the size of a: ___________________________________

6. Where did the kidneys get their name from? Why are they called this?

________________________________________________________________

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7. What are nephrons and where are they found?

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________________________________________________________________ Video: Operation Ouch- What are Kidneys?

8. Watch the video “Operation Ouch- What are Kidneys?” to answer the following

questions:

1) In 24 hours, how many liters of blood do your kidneys clean? _____________

2) Around how many nephrons are in each kidney? ______________________

3) What does the jar in the kidney model represent? ______________________

4) If your urine (wee) is dark yellow, what does this indicate?

______________________________________________________________

9. Name two ways that kidneys can be physically damaged, causing kidney failure.

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10. True or False: If a statement is false, change it so that it is true.

1) Dialysis is a process that purifies a person blood who has kidney damage:

______________________________________________________________

2) A person on dialysis will have to go to a clinic for 2-3 weeks

______________________________________________________________

3) People who have a damaged kidney, or only one kidney cannot live a

normal, active life.

______________________________________________________________

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11. There are 2 needles inserted into the arm during dialysis. What do each of these

needles do?

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12. What is urine?

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13. Fill in the blanks: As your ___________ fills up, __________ in the walls tell

your _________ that you need to go to the _______________!

Video: What happens when you need a wee? 14. Watch the video “What happens when you need a wee?” to answer the

following questions:

1) What is the Micturition Reflex?

______________________________________________________________

2) What happened to Chris’ bladder on the ultrasound after he had gone to the

bathroom?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Video: Science for kids- Urine Powered Battery? 15. Watch the video “Science for kids- Urine Powered Battery” to answer the

following questions:

1) Explain what the “pee power” project is ______________________________

2) The bugs that live in the batteries feed off of the _____________ and

_______________in urine, creating energy.

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3) The extra-large battery in the laboratory is currently used to power what?

______________________________________________________________

16. Fill in the blanks: Babies are actually _____% water. This is similar to the water

composition of a ____________

17. What can happen if you don’t drink enough water?

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18. How much water should the average person drink a day? ________

19. What can make your urine bright yellow? Why does it turn this colour?

________________________________________________________________

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20. Fill in the blanks: Dehydration means that there are more fluids (water)

___________ your body than there are _____________ it.

21. What can happen if you are severely dehydrated?

________________________________________________________________

22. What are kidney stones?

________________________________________________________________

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23. Name 3 other organs that are not a part of the excretory system that help your

body remove waste:

1) ____________________

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2) ____________________

3) ____________________

24. Label the excretory system

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1.2 The Hormonal System

25. The endocrine system is composed of:

________________________________________________________________

True or False: If a statement is false, change it so that it is true.

1) Glands are organs. ____________

2) Salivary glands are a part of the endocrine system.

______________________________________________________________

3) Hormones are released directly into your bloodstream. ____________

26. Where is the hypothalamus found and what does it do?

________________________________________________________________

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27. Which gland is referred to as the “master gland” and controls many of the other

endocrine glands in the body? ________________________

Video: How the Endocrine System Works

28. Watch the video “How the Endocrine System Works” to answer the following

questions:

1) Where is the pituitary gland located? ________________________

2) What is the name of the hormones that the thyroid gland releases?

________________________

3) What is the biggest gland of the endocrine system? ____________________

4) What do the ovaries do?

______________________________________________________________

5) What do the testes do?

______________________________________________________________

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29. Fill in the blank: Hormones are chemical substances that act as ____________

in your body

Video: How do your hormones work? Watch the video “How do your hormones work?” to answer the following

1) Can you tell your hormones what to do? ____________

2) Do you have hormones since birth? ________________________

3) Diabetes is a disease triggered by hormone imbalance, occurring when

________________________

4) Which gland is found at the base of the brain?

________________________

5) Which gland signals for puberty to begin?

________________________

6) There are ______ main hormone-producing glands in the body.

30. What is the largest endocrine gland? ____________________

31. Explain how insulin works.

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32. Fill in the blanks: People who have ____________________ have a pancreas

that doesn’t produce ___________________.

33. What must you do if your blood sugar is too low? (Answer found in the video clip)

________________________________________________________________

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34. How many adrenal glands do you have and where are the adrenal glands

located?

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35. Explain how adrenaline works.

________________________________________________________________

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36. What does the thyroid gland look like and where is it located?

________________________________________________________________

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37. What is metabolism? _______________________________________________

38. True or False: If a statement is false, change it so that it is true.

1) During puberty, your body will grow slower than at any other time in your life.

______________________________________________________________

2) Everyone starts puberty at the same time.

______________________________________________________________

3) The effects of puberty will be the same for everyone.

______________________________________________________________

39. Between what ages does puberty start for a person with a biological female

anatomy: __________________

40. Between what ages does puberty start for a person with a biological male anatomy: __________________

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41. The pituitary gland signals what part of the male anatomy in order to begin the

production of testosterone? __________________

42. The pituitary gland signals what part of the female anatomy in order to begin the

production of estrogen? __________________

43. What is a mood swing?

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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44. Label the endocrine system.

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1.3 The Reproductive systems

45. True or False: If a statement is false, change it so that it is

1) Genes are what make a child’s similar to their family but also what makes them

unique.

________________________________________________________________

2) Genes come from a mother’s egg and a father’s sperm.

________________________________________________________________

46. Complete the table.

Term Meaning

Gamete

A reproductive (sex) cell. In males, __________; in females, __________

Process during which adolescents reach sexual and reproductive maturity.

Testes

Ovaries

Menstrual Cycle

The pattern of events in ____________ involving the ____________ and ______________of an egg.

The process in sexual reproduction in which a male gamete and female gamete fuse/join to form a new cell.

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Video: Biological Male Anatomy

47. Watch the video “Biological Male Anatomy” to answer the following questions:

1) How many testicles does a biological male have? _____________

2) Does a penis have bones in it? _____________

3) What is the hole at the tip of the penis? _____________

4) Can a person pass urine and semen at the same time? _____________

5) What is pre-ejaculate fluid for?

______________________________________________________________

48. What is the name of the skin sac that protects the testes? _____________

49. A male gamete is called a_____________

50. How many sperm does a biological male produce each day? _____________

51. What does the epididymis do?

________________________________________________________________

52. Where is sperm mixed with other fluids to create semen? __________________

53. The journey of sperm: Correctly order the journey of sperm from creation, to

ejaculation.

54. What region of the body can all of the female reproductive organs be found in?

________________________________________________________________

Word Bank • Epididymis • Urethra • Testes • Vas deferens

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55. What connects the uterus to the outside of the body? ____________________

56. What is the uterus also known as? ____________________

57. Fill in the blanks: Fallopian tubes go from the _______________ to the

_______________

58. What happens during ovulation?

________________________________________________________________

59. What is it called when an egg is released? __________________________

Video: The Menstrual Cycle 60. Watch the video “The Menstrual Cycle” to answer the following questions:

1) Where does a baby grow when a woman Is pregnant? ________________

2) How long can a period last?

____________________________________________________________

3) What’s a menstrual cycle?

____________________________________________________________

4) What lead from each ovary to the uterus? ________________________

5) Will a woman who is pregnant have her period? ______________

61. Explain the process of fertilization. What happens if an egg is successfully

fertilized?

________________________________________________________________

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Video: How a baby develops 62. Watch the video “How a baby develops” and list one interesting thing that

happens during each trimester:

1) First Trimester

__________________________________________________________

2) Second Trimester

__________________________________________________________

3) Third Trimester

__________________________________________________________

63. Label the male and female reproductive systems

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1.4 The Nervous System 64. True or False: If a statement is false, change it so that it is true.

1) Your brain is a muscle.

__________________________________________________________

2) When you learn something new, your brain forms new pathways.

__________________________________________________________

Video: Science for Kids – Body Parts – THE BRAIN 65. Watch the video “Science for Kids – Body Parts – THE BRAIN” to answer the

following questions:

1) How many calculations can the average human brain perform in 1 second?

__________________________________________________________

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2) What percentage of the brain is made up of water? ______________

3) Does your brain control your body even when you sleep?

_________________

4) Where are new memories stored? _____________________

66. What is the largest and most advanced part of the brain? __________________

67. In your own words, list some of the functions of the cerebrum.

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68. Compare the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere.

Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere

• Ex. Critical thinking

• Ex. Creative thinking

69. What is the cerebellum in charge of?

________________________________________________________________

70. What part of your brain has the most neurons? _____________________

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71. What does the brain stem do?

________________________________________________________________

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72. What kind of muscles does your brain stem control? ______________________

73. What protects the spinal cord? ______________________

Video: Operation Ouch – The Spinal Cord 74. Watch the video “Operation Ouch – The Spinal Cord” to answer the following

questions:

1) What does the spinal cord do?

_____________________________________________________________

2) In the domino demonstration, each links of dominoes represents:

_____________________________________________________________

3) What does the myelin sheath do?

_____________________________________________________________

75. What are the cells in the nervous system called? How many does a human brain

have? ___________________________________________________________

76. Compare axons and dendrites.

Axons Dendrites

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77. What are neurotransmitters?

________________________________________________________________

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78. What is a synapse? ________________________________________________

79. In the video Brain Games - Optical illusions, why does your brain get tricked in

these optical illusions?

________________________________________________________________

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Video: The Mindset of a Champion 80. Watch the video “The Mindset of a Champion” to answer the following

questions:

1) What did Carson struggle with from K-4th grade? _______________________

2) What was the “best advice” that Carson received?

______________________________________________________________

81. Sort the phrases provided and organize them into the correct column in the table

found on the next page.

Is inspired when others do well

Can learn from their mistakes

“I can’t do this yet, but I will get it

eventually”

Embraces a challenge

Believes effort helps you learn

Likes to try new things

“This is too hard; I can’t do this.”

“I’m just not a ‘science-y’ person”

“I’ll never get this”

“She’s just smarter than I am”

“Tomorrow I will get a fresh look at

this”

“Mistakes help me improve”

Gets upset when there is not

immediate success

“My effort and my attitude determine

my abilities”

Tries multiple approaches

Believes in themselves.

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Growth Mindset Fixed Mindset

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82. Label the neuron

83. Label the 3 main parts of the brain.