Unit 1 Study Guide Part I 2011

8/8/2019 Unit 1 Study Guide Part I 2011

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Study Guide Unit 1 Part 1

Human Impact on the Environment

2011


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What and How to Study

Study the PowerPoint lectures and their review

questions.

Read the chapters assigned in the text.

Know the key vocabulary terms (lists at the end

of each chapter and/or the glossaries).

Prepare frequently prior to the test. Review the

film study questions where applicable.These statements apply to all of the unit tests

and exam.


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Please Note

The study guide question project is a work

in progress, and accordingly, it is

incomplete. Th

erefore none of th

e studyquestion sets should be considered a

substitute for a complete and exhaustive

test preparation. This applies to all four of

the study guide question sets.


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Human Impact on the

Environment


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Question 1

1. Define:pollutant.


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Answer 1

1. Define:pollutant.

Substances with which an ecosystem has had no prior

evolutionary experience

No adaptive mechanisms are in place to deal with them


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Question 2

2. List 4 air pollutants.


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Answer 2

2.

List 4 air pollutants.

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfurdioxide and sulfur trioxides.


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Question 3

3. What is a thermal inversion?


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Answer 3

3. What is a thermal inversion?

Weather pattern in which a layer ofcool, dense air is trapped beneath a

layer of warm air.


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Question 4

4. Complete the following acid rain

equation:

Nitric acid + limestone yields ? +? +?


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Answer 4

4. Complete the following acid rainequation:

Nitric acid + limestone yields ? +? +?

2 HNO3 + CaCO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O +CO2

Nitric acid + limestone yields calcium nitrate+ water + carbon dioxide


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Q 5

What chemicals are major components of

acid rain?


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A 5

sulfur and nitrogen oxides. These react

with water to product acids.


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Q 6

What are major sources of these

components?


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A 6

Coal-burning power plants and motor

vehicles are major sources of sulfur and

nitrogen oxides.


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Q 7

What is (are) the effect(s) of ozone

thinning?


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A 7

Increased amount of UV radiation reaches

Earths surface

UV damages DNA and negatively affects

human health

UV also affects plants, lowers primary

productivity


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Q 8

What is the recipe for ozone loss?


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A 8

The polar winter leads to the formation of the polar vortex whichisolates the air within it.

Cold temperatures form inside the vortex; cold enough for theformation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). As the vortex airis isolated, the cold temperatures and the PSCs persist.

Once the PSCs form, heterogeneous reactions take place andconvert the inactive chlorine and bromine reservoirsto more active forms of chlorine and bromine.

No ozone loss occurs until sunlight returns to the air inside thepolar vortex and allows the production of active chlorineand initiates the catalytic ozone destruction cycles. Ozone

loss is rapid. The ozone hole currently covers a geographic region alittle bigger than Antarctica and extends nearly 10km in altitude in thelower stratosphere


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Q 9

How can the ozone layer be protected?


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A 9

CFC production has been halted in

developed countries, will be phased out in

developing countries

Methyl bromide will be phased out

Even with bans it will take more than 50years for ozone levels to recover


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Q 10

About ______ of the garbage produced is

______.


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A 10

; paper


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Q 11

Introduction of mechanized agriculture and

practices requires ..


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A 11

Introduction of mechanized agriculture and

practices requires inputs of pesticides,

fertilizer, fossil fuel


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Q 12

What is happening to the water tables in

India? Why?


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A 12

The International Water Management

Institute (IWMI) estimates that withdrawals

of underground water are double the rate

of aquifer recharge.

As a result, water tables are falling almost

everywhere.


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Q 13

What is the effect of these changes?


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A 13

Falling water tables are now also

threatening India's food production.


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Q 14

Define deforestation.


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A 14

Removal of all trees from large tracts of land.


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Q 15

What are some effects of deforestation?


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A 15

Increased leaching and soil erosion

Increased flooding and sedimentation of

downstream rivers

Regional precipitation declines

Possible amplification of the greenhouse

effect


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Q 16

Where are major regions of deforestation?


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A 16

Rates of forest loss are greatest in Brazil,

Indonesia, Mexico, and Columbia

Highly mechanized logging is proceeding

in temperate forests of the United States

and Canada


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Q 17

Who isWangari Maathai ? Why is she

famous?


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A 17

She is a Kenyan Nobel peace laureate;

her tree-planting campaign


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Q 18

What is biodiversity? Who is it affected by

deforestation?


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A 18

American Heritage Dictionary- Cite This Sourcebiodiversity (b'-d-vr's-t)n.

The number and variety of organisms foundwithin a specified geographic region.

The variability among living organisms on theearth, including the variability within and

between species and within and betweenecosystems.

Deforestation lowers biodiversity.


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Q 19

What is desertification?


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A 19

Conversion of large tracts of grassland to desert-

like conditions.


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The End of the Human Impact

Study Guide Questions

Please be sure to master the entire

lecture!

Documents

Unit 1 Study Guide Part I 2011