Unit 1: Three Worlds Unit 1: Three Worlds MeetMeet

Chapter 3: The English Establish 13 Chapter 3: The English Establish 13 ColoniesColonies

Section 1: Early Colonies Have Mixed Section 1: Early Colonies Have Mixed SuccessSuccess

Section 2: New England ColoniesSection 2: New England Colonies

The year is 1607…The year is 1607…

You have just sailed You have just sailed across the ocean and across the ocean and arrived in a strange arrived in a strange land. Your family has land. Your family has traveled to the eastern traveled to the eastern coast of North America coast of North America in search of freedom in search of freedom and prosperity. Your and prosperity. Your first task in the new first task in the new land is to decide what land is to decide what you need to do to you need to do to survive.survive.

Look at pages 82 and Look at pages 82 and 83 in your book83 in your book

Pages 82 and 83: Pages 82 and 83: What dangers would you face as a What dangers would you face as a

settler?settler?

What would you need to What would you need to survive in the survive in the wilderness?wilderness?

This is a fort, with an This is a fort, with an armed force and high armed force and high fences. What reasons fences. What reasons would you have for would you have for building a fort?building a fort?

What kind of settlement What kind of settlement would would youyou build? build?

Food, clothing, shelter, protection from wild animals and from enemies

Security needs of the settlers: protection, supplies, weapons, tools, defense of your family and land against both Native Americans and hostile European nations

Consider the natural resources you can use to construct, and repair your settlement, how you plan to use the surrounding land, and consider the climate of the area where you’ll live

New EnglandNew England

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

In the Americas: what we later end up with:In the Americas: what we later end up with:

And… when you look at the colonies in any history book, that’s how they get divided up

New England… the first European New England… the first European settlers in this area were from settlers in this area were from

____________________________ These colonies were to be These colonies were to be

set up as a source of raw set up as a source of raw materials and provide a materials and provide a place for England to export place for England to export goods (and then make goods (and then make money).money).

England could then use this England could then use this wealth to increase itwealth to increase it’’s gold s gold supply.supply.

This is sometimes called This is sometimes called MercantilismMercantilism:: when a when a government controls trade government controls trade and tries to make money off and tries to make money off its colonies.its colonies.

EnglandEngland duh

New EnglandNew EnglandEnds up being a fishing, trade, and Ends up being a fishing, trade, and ship building section of the countryship building section of the country

Two of England's first colonies:Two of England's first colonies:

failedfailedRoanoke•Sir Walter Raleigh was given permission to start a colony at Roanoke.

•He named this colony (England’s first colony) “Virginia” after Queen Elizabeth II who was not married, so she was called “The Virgin Queen.”

•This colony failed – you’ll read about it today.

Sagadahoc •Began up in Maine.

•Not as famous as Roanoke, but also important.

•And, that’s also in your reading today

Sir Walter Raleigh lost a lot of money Sir Walter Raleigh lost a lot of money and the British wanted figure out a better and the British wanted figure out a better

way way to start and run a colonyto start and run a colony

They came up with the idea They came up with the idea that groups of people investing that groups of people investing would be better than would be better than individuals.individuals.

Then, if the did well, many Then, if the did well, many people could profit.people could profit.

If they did poorly, they would If they did poorly, they would all share in the losses.all share in the losses.

These group companies were These group companies were called called ““joint stock joint stock companiescompanies””

New England was settled mainly New England was settled mainly by people looking for religious by people looking for religious

freedomfreedomQuakers / Methodists / Puritans / etc…Quakers / Methodists / Puritans / etc…

((ProtestProtestant groups)ant groups)

Official Denominational Web Sites

Adventists Anabaptist Anglican / Episcopalian Baptist Calvinist Charismatic Congregational Lutheran Methodist / Wesleyan Non-denominational Pentecostal Presbyterian Quakerism Reformed Restoration movement Unitarian

JamestownJamestown was one of these places was one of these places

Jamestown is commonly regarded as the first permanent Jamestown is commonly regarded as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States, English settlement in what is now the United States,

following many earlier failed attempts. following many earlier failed attempts.

The English colonists found life in The English colonists found life in Jamestown harder than they had Jamestown harder than they had

expected.expected.

The site they chose to live on was swampy/marshy and didn’t have safe drinking water.

The settlers didn’t know how to provide for themselves and many even refused to do any work – they thought they’d get rich from gold.

Many settlers died from starvation and disease.

The Powhatan Indians contributed to the The Powhatan Indians contributed to the survival of the Jamestown settlers in several survival of the Jamestown settlers in several

ways.ways.

• •   The Powhatan people and the English settlers (led by The Powhatan people and the English settlers (led by Captain John Smith) at Jamestown established trading Captain John Smith) at Jamestown established trading relationships and for a while had positive interactions.relationships and for a while had positive interactions.

•   •  The Powhatans traded food, furs, and leather with the The Powhatans traded food, furs, and leather with the English in exchange for tools, pots, guns, and other goods.English in exchange for tools, pots, guns, and other goods.

•    •   Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, believed the Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, believed the English and American Indians (First Americans) could live in English and American Indians (First Americans) could live in harmony and began a friendship with the colonists that harmony and began a friendship with the colonists that helped them survive.helped them survive.

•    •   The Powhatans introduced new crops to the English, The Powhatans introduced new crops to the English, including corn and including corn and tobaccotobacco..

But… later… there were But… later… there were problemsproblems

The Powhatan people The Powhatan people realized the English realized the English settlement would continue settlement would continue to grow.to grow.

The Powhatans saw the The Powhatans saw the colonists as invaders that colonists as invaders that would take over their would take over their land.   land.  

Jamestown even had some of the Jamestown even had some of the first first ““indentured servantsindentured servants””

A person whoA person who’’d get d get a free trip to a free trip to America, but then America, but then had to work for 4-7 had to work for 4-7 years for the years for the person who paid person who paid for their trip.for their trip.

Many of these indentured servants Many of these indentured servants had been given a choice back in had been given a choice back in

England:England: Go to America or Go to America or

go to jailgo to jail

TheyThey’’d work 4-7 years for d work 4-7 years for someone.someone.

TheyThey’’d get food, clothing, d get food, clothing, and shelter while under and shelter while under contract.contract.

TheyThey’’d get some land when d get some land when their time was up.their time was up.

Owning land meant they Owning land meant they could move up that social could move up that social ladder.ladder.

Mistress ForrestMistress Forrest Excavation at Jamestown has Excavation at Jamestown has

unearthed the burial of one of unearthed the burial of one of the New World's first English the New World's first English female colonists and, as such, female colonists and, as such, one of the earliest women one of the earliest women settlers in the New World. settlers in the New World.

The remains are thought to be The remains are thought to be those of Mistress Forrest, who those of Mistress Forrest, who came to Jamestown in 1608 with came to Jamestown in 1608 with her husband and her maid, her husband and her maid, Anne Burras, who later bore Anne Burras, who later bore Jamestown's first child. Jamestown's first child.

The woman was buried within The woman was buried within the walls of James Fort, where the walls of James Fort, where the immigrants lived. She was a the immigrants lived. She was a diminutive 4'8" tall and about diminutive 4'8" tall and about 35 years old when she died with 35 years old when she died with only five teeth in her mouth; only five teeth in her mouth; the cause of her death is the cause of her death is unknown. A single shroud pin unknown. A single shroud pin was the only artifact in her was the only artifact in her grave.grave.

One thing that happened was the Jamestown One thing that happened was the Jamestown colonists started getting angry with Virginiacolonists started getting angry with Virginia’’s s

governorgovernor

The Jamestown Company The Jamestown Company decided to elect decided to elect representatives (or representatives (or ““burgessesburgesses””) who would meet ) who would meet once a year to discuss issues.once a year to discuss issues.

This group became known as This group became known as the the ““House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses””

This was the first time in This was the first time in America there was any form of America there was any form of government where government where representatives were elected representatives were elected by the people.by the people.

Plymouth is another of these Plymouth is another of these placesplaces

The most famous of these religious groups The most famous of these religious groups was from here : the was from here : the PuritansPuritans

(Plymouth Colony / The Mayflower / The Pilgrims)(Plymouth Colony / The Mayflower / The Pilgrims)

So many Puritans left England for the Americas, in England it’s sometimes even called “the

great migration”

Plymouth Rock

But before they agreed to settle at where they landed…

““The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact”” The Mayflower set sail The Mayflower set sail

from Plymouth England from Plymouth England in the Fall of 1620 and in the Fall of 1620 and arrived off the coast of arrived off the coast of what is now what is now Massachusetts. The Massachusetts. The Mayflower Compact was Mayflower Compact was signed in November, signed in November, 1620 and contained the 1620 and contained the basic ideals of basic ideals of American democracy as American democracy as we know it today. we know it today.

It is estimated that It is estimated that today there may be as today there may be as many as 25 million many as 25 million descendants of this descendants of this little band of Pilgrims little band of Pilgrims that came aboard the that came aboard the Mayflower to the North Mayflower to the North American shoresAmerican shores

(Established the idea of self-government

and majority rule for the first time in the Americas)

Plymouth Plantation today:Plymouth Plantation today:a re-creation of what was originally a re-creation of what was originally

therethere

Today's essential question:Today's essential question:

How is American life influenced by economic How is American life influenced by economic forces?forces?

WhatWhat’’s one positive economic result of Pilgrims s one positive economic result of Pilgrims coming to America, and what might be one coming to America, and what might be one negative factor they had to deal with.negative factor they had to deal with.