TOPIC 4Unit 2 – Matter and Chemical Change

Topic 4 – Classifying Elements Elements are given symbols from

Latin, planets, scientists, places They can be classified into:

Metals – shiny, solid, conductors, malleable, ductile

Classifying Elements They can be classified into:

Non metals – dull solids, liquid, gas, poor conductors, brittle

Metalloids – solids, properties of metals and nonmetals combined.

Boron

(from page 118)

 State at room temperature

Appearance ConductivityMalleability and

ductility

Metals• solids, except

for mercury (a liquid)

•  shiny lustre

•  good conductors of heat and electricity

• malleable• ductile

Non-metals

•  some gases• some solids• only Bromine is

liquid

•  not very shiny•  poor conductors

of heat and electricity

•  brittle• not ductile

Metalloids •  solids• can be shiny or

dull 

•  may conduct electricity

• Poor conductors of heat

•  brittle• not ductile

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFx7Ipaf8U

Chemical Families Elements are arranged into vertical

columns on the Periodic Table called groups or families.

The ones you must know about are the:Alkali metals – Group 1Alkaline Earth metals – Group 2Halogens – Group 17Noble Gases – Group 18

Four chemical families of the periodic table:

the alkali metals (I), the alkaline earth metals (II) halogens (VII,17), And, the noble gases (VIII,18).

Alkali Metals – Group 1

These are very reactive metals

It does not include hydrogen since it’s a nonmetal

They lose 1 electron in reactions when they become an ion.

Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2

These are relatively reactive metals

They lose 2 electrons in reactions when they become an ion.

Halogens Group 17 These are very

reactive nonmetals

They gain 1 electron in reactions when they become an ion.

The Fluorine Atom Atomic model for Fluorine (F)

It has 9 protons 10 neutrons 9 electrons

2 energy levels 2 in the first 7 in the second 8 e-s can fit in the second. It wants 1 more

Noble Gases - Group 18

These are inert, nonreactive gases

They won’t transfer electrons since all their energy levels are full.

The Krypton Atom Atomic model for Krypton (Kr)

It has 36 protons 48 neutrons 36 electrons

4 energy levels 2 in the first 8 in the second 18 e-s can fit in the third. 8 in the 4th All electrons are paired No more are needed

The Periodic Table - Crash Course

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRVV4Diomg