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Essential (Big) Questions
• Where do people live and why do they live where they do?
• In which regions is population increasing or decreasing?
• Why does population increase or decrease at different rates in different countries?
• What are the implications of over and under population?
Critical Issues in Population Geography
• More people are alive today than at any other time in human history (7 billion +)
• The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth century than ever before.
• Virtually all population growth today occurs in less developed countries (LDCs)
• Higher population puts a greater strain on the earth’s resources.
Key Concept: Demography
• The scientific study of population characteristics.
• Includes the study of the size, structure and distribution of population, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.
• The size, structure, and growth of a countries population can affect it’s well-being.
Key Concept: Population Density• Population of a place divided
by total area– 10,000,000 people living in
1,000,000 sq. miles would be a population density of ____ per sq. mile (arithmetic density)
• However, population is not evenly distributed and density does not remain constant.
• Urban areas tend to have higher population density whereas rural areas tend to be less dense.
Key Concept: Population Distribution
• Where is population distributed across an the earth?
• Major population clusters (2/3 of world pop)– East Asia (China, Japan)– South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)– Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines)– Europe (England, Germany, France)
Why did people live in certain places?
• The ECUMENE= the places on earth that people inhabit.– 75% of humans live on 5% of Earth’s surface.
• Historically, populations tend to be clustered in areas where:– Food could be grown (arable land)– Fresh water was available–Access/travel was relatively easy
Kaylan’s Question
• Could everyone on Earth live in Russia?• Theoretically, YES!• 7 billion people/ 6,592,800 sq. mi.= a
population density of 1,061/sq. mi.• For reference, the density of CHI is 11,864/sq.
mi
Cities by Population Density
• Manila, Philippines: 111,000/sq. mi.• NYC, USA: 27,500/ sq. mi.• Tokyo, Japan: 16,000/sq. mi.• CHI, USA: 11,864/sq. mi.• Palatine, IL, USA: 5,034/sq. mi• Ellsworth, MI, USA: 485/sq. mi
Facts About Population Distribution
• 90% live north of the Equator (more land)• 80% live in poorer LDC’s (Latin America, Asia,
Africa)• Most live close to sea level• 2/3 live close to oceans…those who live inland
live near rivers or lakes.• 50% live in urban areas, 50% in rural– For the 1st time in history, more live in urban areas.
WHY?
Sparsely populated regions• People generally avoid:
•Dry lands•Wet lands•Cold lands•High lands•People with bad breath