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Let’sstart!Languageinaction

Learn to talk about superstitions, real and unreal condition, and possibilities.

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25twenty-five

Did you know...?In England and Ireland, meeting a black cat means you are lucky.

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1. Inpairs,matchthecolumnsandlearnaboutsuperstitions.

a. Ifablackcatcrossesyourpath,

b. Ifagirlcatchesthebride’sbouquetafterawedding,

c. Ifawitchpointsatyou,

d. Ifyoubreakamirror,

e. Ifyoufindacloverplantwithfourleaves,

f. Ifyouhearanowlinthenight,

g. Ifyouscratchyourlefthand,

h. Ifyouseeasmallspider,

i. Ifyoutalkofthedevil,

j. Ifyoutouchwood,

k. Ifapersonthrowssaltoverhis/hershoulder,

l. Ifwewalkunderaladder,

( ) heorshewillhavegoodluck.

( ) youwillgetalotofmoney.

( ) youwillhavebadluck.

( ) afriendwilldie.

( ) wewillhavebadluck.

( ) yourgoodluckwillcontinue.

( ) youwillhavegoodluck.

( ) youwillgivemoneyaway.

( ) youwilldie.

( ) youwillhavesevenyearsofbadluck.

( ) shewillbethenexttomarry.

( ) hewillappear.

2. Are you superstitious? Circle the letters (a to l, exercise 1) thatdescribeyoursuperstitions.

3. Doyouthinkyouarealuckyperson?( ) Yes,Ido. ( ) No,Idon’t.

4. Look at cartoon 1 on page 24; then consult the superstitions fromexercise1tohelpyouanswerthequestions.a) Whathappened?

b) Accordingtothechart,willthisactionbringgoodluck?

( ) Yes,itwill. ( ) No,itwon’t.

5. Lookatcartoon2onpage24andfillintheblankswiththerightformoftheverbstoreportthestory.

The snowman (throw) salt over his left shoulder to

(bring) him good luck. He (not know) that if

you put salt on snow, it melts. So, his shoulder (melt).

6. Whichstatementisascientificfact?( ) Ifyouthrowsaltoveryourleftshoulder,youwillhavegoodluck.

( ) Ifyouthrowsaltonsnow,itmelts.

Learn more. Go to digital object “Do you believe in superstitions?”.

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7. Whataretheevidences incartoon3for thestatement“Genetically,he isonly50%badluck…”?( ) Therearetwoblackcatsonthewall.

( ) Thecarthrewalotofmudonthecat.

( ) Thecatcrossingtheman’spathishalfblackandhalfwhite.

( ) Mudcoveredjusthalfoftheman’sbody.

8. Readcartoon4.Whatexplanationfortheaccidentisbasedonsuperstition?

Inyouropinion,whatisthebestexplanationforthataccident?

( ) Itwasafortuitousevent. ( ) Itwasamatterofsecurity.

9. What would you do if a black cat crossed your path? Read some answers postedat <http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100501163839AAtA> andmarktheonesyoulikethemost.( ) Nothing.IthappenstomeonadailybasisconsideringIownablackcat.

( ) Superstitionsaresuperstupid.

( ) “Herekittykitty.”

( ) Keepwalking.Blackcatstendtobringmeluck.

( ) ThesamethingI’ddoifawhiteonecrossed.

( ) I’dsay,“HiSissy,yahungry?”andscratchherback.

10.Whatothersuperstitionsdoyouknow?Writethemdownandthencompleteyourlistwithsuggestionsfromyourclassmates.

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Let’s listen and practice pronunciation!Pronouncing [I] and [i]

1. 4 Alltheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentencescontainthevowelsound[i]or[ɪ].Listentothesentencesandrepeatthem.

[ɪ] [i] [ɪ] [ɪ] [ɪ] [i]

a) If youeatfromthepot,itwillrainatyourweddingceremony.

[ɪ] [i] [i] [ɪ] [ɪ] [ɪ] [i]

b) Ifyouseeabunnygoingintohishollow,youwillhavegoodluckforthreehours.

2. 5 ListentothewordsincolumnsAandB.

A B

eatreachfeelfeetpeel

itrichfillfitpill

Whatwillhappenifyoumispronouncethesewords?

3. With the help of a dictionary or the glossary in this book, write therespectiveminimalpairforeachwordbelow.Thepictureswillhelpyou.a) sit

b) chick

c) sheep

d) slip

Did you know...?A minimal pair is a set of two words that are only differentiated by one sound. If you can distinguish this sound, it will help you with pronunciation and comprehension.

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Let’s focus on language!1. Readthisproverb:

Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.

a) Thisproverbmeans:

( ) Ifyouarearesponsibleperson,youwillhavebadresults.

( ) Ifyougetupearly,youcancontrolallyourproblems.

( ) Ifyoudosomething,youwillsuffertheconsequences.

b) Whatarethetwoactionspresentintheproverb?Completetheanswer.

Theyare(1)lyingdownwithdogsand(2) withfleas.

c) Whichofthetwoactionsisacondition?

( ) Ifyouliedownwithdogs. ( ) Youwillgetupwithfleas.

d) Isitpossibletoliedownwithadog?

Isthisconditionrealorunreal?

Use if + Simple Present + will to talk about real conditions or possibilities.

2. Rewritetheproverbinexercise1usingthefollowingpairsofanimalsandinsects.a) pigeon+lice=

b) horse+tick=

3. Readthefollowingstatement:

Ifyouheatice,itmelts.

a) Whatarethetwoactionspresentinthisstatement?Completetheanswer.

Theyare(1)heatingiceand(2)

b) Whichofthetwoactionsisacondition?

( ) Ifyouheatice. ( ) Itmelts.

Use if + Simple Present + Simple Present to talk about things which are always true.

4. Rewritethefollowingscientificfactsusingif.Readtheexample.a) Meltinghappenswhenthetemperatureis32°F(0°C)orhigher.

If the temperature is 32 °F (0 °C) or higher, melting happens.

b) Whenyouputsaltoniceorsnow,itbeginstomelt.

c) Applesstopgoingbrownwhenyouputlemonjuiceonthem.

d) Whenyouputsaltintowater,itdissolves.

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Learn more. Go to digital object “Do you believe in superstitions?”.

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5. ReadanAfricanproverbandanswerthequestionsbelow.

Ifstretchingwerewealth,thecatwouldberich.

a) Thisproverbmeans:

( ) Wespendmoneywhenwedogymnastics.

( ) Peopledonotgetrichwithoutworkinghard.

( ) Catswillnotgetmoneybecausetheyarelazy.

( ) Wealthypeopleworkasmuchascatsdo.

b) What are the two events present in the proverb? Complete theanswer.

Theyare“ ”and“ ”.

c) Whichofthetwoeventsisacondition?

( ) Ifstretchingwerewealth. ( ) Thecatwouldberich.

d) Isitpossibletogetmoneybystretchingourbody?

Isthisconditionrealorunreal?Itis

Use if + were + would to talk about unreal conditions, improbable or impossible events.

6. ReadanIndianproverbandanswerthequestionsbelow.

Ifcatshadwings,therewouldbenoducksinthelake.

a) Docatshavewings?

b) “Ifcatshadwings…”is:

( ) arealcondition. ( ) anunrealcondition.

Use if + Simple Past + would to talk about unreal conditions, improbable or impossible events.

7. Completethefollowingquoteswiththerightformoftheverb.a) “If I (be) not a physicist, I

probably (be)amusician.”(AlbertEinstein)

b) “Ifmen (like)shopping,they (call)itresearch.”(CynthiaNelms)

c) “Sir,ifyou (be)myhusband,I (give)youpoison.”(NancyAstor)

d) “If I (be) your husband, I (take)it.”(WinstonChurchill)

e) If everybody (mind) their own business, theworld (go) around a great deal faster than itdoes.”(TheDuchess,inAlice in Wonderland)

Languagevariation

In formal English, when we talk about unreal conditions, we use were with I, he, she, and it (“If I were”, “If she were”, etc.). But in colloquial English, we can use was. Example: “If I was a better man/ Would fellow men take me to their hearts?” (from the song “If I was”, by Midge Ure).

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Student A: What will you do if you go to Rio de Janeiro? Student B: If I go to Rio de Janeiro, I will visit Corcovado.Student A: What will you do if you go to London? Student B: If I go to London, I will visit the royal family.

2. Ingroupsoffiveormorestudents,let’smakeachainofevents:first,studentApresentsaconditionandaresult,thenstudentBtransformstheresultintoacondition.StudentCtransformstheresultintoacondition,andsoon.Seeanexample.Student A: If I had money, I would buy a bike.

Student B: If I had a bike, I would go to the park.

Student C: If I went to the park, I would plan a picnic.

Student D: If I planned a picnic, I would take a photo.

Let’s listen!1. Listentosomeproverbsandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.

a) Zambianproverb:Treatthedayswellandthey youwell.

b) Indianproverb:Followtheriverandyou tothesea.

c) Scottishproverb:Ifthedoctorcures,thesun it;ifhekills,theearth it.

d) Americanproverb:WheninRome,

e) Americanproverb:Whenthecat’saway,

f) Ethiopianproverb:Acatmaygotoamonastery,butit

g) Russian proverb: If wishes were , there’d be nointheriverfor

h) Chineseproverb: Ifyouareplanningfora ,sow ; ifyouareplanningfora ,plant ;ifyouareplanningforalifetime,

Let’s talk!1. Inpairs,askandanswerquestionsaboutsome

placesinBrazilorabroad.Seetheexample.

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Let’splay!1. Doyoubelievepeoplecanhavethepowertopredictthefuture?

( ) Yes,Ido. ( ) No,Idon’t.

2. Dothisquizandfindoutyourpredictionpowers.Usetheglossary ifyouhaveanydifficultywithunknownwords.

From: Astro Girl!, March, 2011, p. 22.

3. Shareyourresultswithyourclassmates.

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Let’s read!1. Doyoubelieveinastrology?

2. Inyouropinion,isastrologythescienceofstarsormeresuperstition?Why?

3. Whatisyourzodiacsign?

Pronunciation spot

7 Listen to the song “The Zodiac” to learn how to pronounce the names of the zodiac signs.

4. Inwhichsectionofthenewspapercanweusuallyfindhoroscopes?( ) Science ( ) Localnews ( ) Health

( ) Entertainment ( ) Politics

5. Do people read horoscopes for fun or because they believe inastrology?

6. Whatdoyouexpecttofindinhoroscopes?

7. Doyouevercheckyourhoroscope?

Did you know...?Horoscopes and astrology originated with the ancient Greeks, who were sure that a person’s life was pre-determined and predictable by the positioning of certain heavenly bodies (sun and moon) and constellations present at the time of a person’s birth.

Available at: <www.daily-horoscopes.org>. Accessed on: November 30, 2011.

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Aries (March 21 – April 20)

Taurus(April 21 – May 20)

Virgo(August 23 –

September 22)

Capricorn(December 22 –

January 19)

Gemini(May 21 – June 21)

Libra(September 23 –

October 22)

Aquarius(January 20 – February

18)

Cancer (June 22 – July 22)

Scorpio (October 23 – November 21)

Pisces (February 19 – March

20)

Leo(July 23 – August 22)

Sagittarius(November 22 –

December 21)

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8. Readfourhoroscopeexcerpts.Itisnotnecessarytounderstandallthewords.

Readforgeneralmeaningandthencompletethestatementsaboutthetextsbelowwiththeappropriatezodiacsigns.Circlethewordsandexpressionsthathelpedyoutocompletethesentences.

Aquarius (Jan. 20-Feb. 18): The more interested you are in the object of your desire, the luckier you’ll get. And if you are willing to learn everything there is to know, your fortunes will multiply.

From: Los Angeles Times. October 18, 2010.

Libra (Sept. 23-Oct. 23): The one who answers your calls and fulfills your requests is a true friend. Make plans to celebrate this person in the near future.

AriesYou are the explorer!

How about exploring a new book today?

Reading a new book can open your life to new

things, new places, and new people. Use your explorer’s heart today.

Go get ‘em, Aries!

Available at: <www.ekidsland.com/secret-area/Flash/horoscope.swf>. Accessed on: July 8, 2011.

CANCER (June 22nd-July 22nd)

You are emotional and loving, intuitive and imaginative, cautious, protective and sympathetic. But sometimes you can be changeable and moody, overemotional and touchy.

Available at: <www.disneyclips.com/funstuff/horoscope.html>. Accessed on: July 8, 2011.

a) presentspersonalitycharacteristicsofpeoplebornunderthissign.

b) presentssomepredictionsforpeoplebornunderthissign.

c) presentspersonalitycharacteristicsandgivesadvicetopeoplebornunderthissign.

d) presentsapieceofadvicetopeoplebornunderthissign.

9. Read below some personality characteristics which appear in Zodiac descriptions.Whichonescandescribeyourzodiacsign?Underlinethem.

analytical adventurous bossy caringinnature

cautious clever confident courageous

egoistic excellentfriend generous gooddecision-maker

goodsenseofhumor helpful honest impatient

indecisive jealous loyal obsessive

optimist openhanded open-minded possessive

practical prudent reasonable romantic

selfish spontaneous thoughtful resentful

sensitive sympathetic versatile warmatheart

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ArtcornerThe picture book If…, by Sarah Perry, presents creative unreal possibilities about

the natural world and ends with the suggestion “If this is the end…/ Then dream up some more!”

1. LookatthecreativeartofSarahPerryandtrytocompleteherimpossiblepropositions.

Sarah Perry. If… Los Angeles: Getty Trust Publications, J. Paul Getty Museum, 1995.

2. Now,youaretheartist.Havinginmindthestatement“Dreamupsomemore!”,writedownsomecreativepropositionsandtrytoillustratetheminyourmagazineproject.a) If …

b) If …

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Let’s act with words!Horoscope pageWrite a horoscope page for the entertainment section in your

magazine.

Genre:Horoscope Purpose:Playwithpredictions

Tone:Informal

Writer:Youoryourgroup

Audience:Magazinereaders

Typical grammar patterns:SimplepresentFutureImperativeIfclauses

Key vocabulary items:Adjectives

Text structure:NameofthesignDatesofbirthPersonalitycharacteristicsAdvicePredictions

Language for life

We use language to have fun.

Writing guidelinesOrganizing

1. Read some horoscopes to check their textual characteristics and find examples for typical grammar patterns and key vocabulary items.

Preparing the first draft

2. Make a first draft. 3. Use the glossary or a dictionary to help you. 4. Find pictures to illustrate.

Peer editing

5. Evaluate and discuss it with a classmate. 6. Make the necessary corrections.

Publishing

7. Write the final version of the horoscope and include it in your magazine.

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Learning strategies

Read the statements below and check ✔ YEP or NOPE. YEP NOPE

1 I have a dictionary.

2 I take notes of the new words I learn.

3 I make concept maps to learn new words.

4 I use dictionaries to know the meaning of new words.

5 I write down lists of words with their meanings or translation.

6 I organize words in word family charts.

7 I read in English.

8 When I read, I look at the title, subtitles, pictures, captions.

9 When I read, I try to make predictions.

10 When I read, I look for transparent words.

11 When I read, I try to guess the meaning of the words.

12 When I read, I highlight or underline the main ideas.

13 I listen to songs in English.

14 When I listen to songs, I pay attention to rhymes.

15 When I listen to songs, I pay attention to pronunciation.

16 When I listen to songs, I try to copy parts of the lyrics.

17 When I listen to songs, I try to understand them without reading.

18 I am not afraid of making mistakes. I learn with them.

19 I watch movies in English.

20 I look for opportunities to interact in English.

21 I surf the Web to find extra exercises and games in English.

22 I write a blog in English.

23 I write emails in English.

24 I interact in chat rooms in English.

25 I write SMS messages in English.

YEP Total: NOPE Total: Will you make an effort to increase the number of YEPS?

YEP RESULT

20 – 25 Excellent! You are on the right track. Keep up with the learning strategies.

15 – 19 Way to go. You use a great number of learning strategies.

10 – 14 That’s ok, but you can have a faster and better result if you employ more learning strategies.

below 14 Oops! You need to use more strategies in order to improve your skills and expand your vocabulary.

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Things I’ve learned in Part 1

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Self-learning

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Assess your learning

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