Unit #4 Pathways Packet · Office of Academic Affairs The Pathways Packet contains all of the material needed to be successful during this unit. Completion is REQUIRED in order for

Unit #4 — Pathways Packet

Office of Academic Affairs

The Pathways Packet contains all of the material needed to

be successful during this unit. Completion is REQUIRED in order

for you to be granted re-assessment following the test. Failure

to complete the Pathways Packet will jeopardize your success not

only during this unit but also in this course.

The Pathways Packet contains key vocabulary and questions

from reading assignments. This material is housed in the course

textbook (United States History & Geography: Modern Times),

which you can access by visiting Hartnell University’s McKim-

Batterson Library (drhartnell.com/library.html). Also included

are Essential Questions (EQs), which are the state standards

used to design the unit as well as form your initial assessment.

Answers for the EQs are found in the Guided Notes, which should

be reviewed prior to attending class each day. This will help

you contribute to the overall discussion and further your

understanding of the unit’s major themes. As such, it is VERY

important that you visit your class’ weekly schedule on a

regular basis so as not to fall behind.

If you have any questions, please speak with Dr. Hartnell

or any other member of the Hartnell University faculty.

Sincerely,

John McAllister Schofield

Dean of Academic Affairs

Dr. Hartnell’s “King America” Unit picks up in 1939 with

the planet on the brink of a second world war. Clearly,

World War I – the “War to End All Wars” – failed to do just

that. The vindictive nature of the Treaty of Versailles,

which reads like it was penned by a group of angry 5th

graders, doomed any chances for long-lasting and permanent

peace. The spendthrift attitudes of the 1920s, coupled with

the economic devastation of the 1930s, provided the perfect

cover for Adolf Hitler’s rise in Germany, Benito

Mussolini’s takeover in Italy, and Hideki Tojo’s expansion

in Japan. Without American participation, the League of

Nations lacked the teeth to stop such activities, and, 21

years after the world was “made safe for democracy”, World

War II began. Like the sequel to any Hollywood summer

blockbuster, World War II was bigger, longer, more

expensive, and had a higher body count than the original.

Sixty-one nations charged into the fray, but, when the dust

settled, only two emerged as superpowers: the U.S. and the

Soviet Union. The cooling relations between these wartime

allies divided the world and brought it to the brink of

nuclear conflict during the ensuing Cold War. Proxy wars in

Greece, Turkey, Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan pitted

capitalist and communist ideologies against one another for

the next four decades. The need to contain (and later

defeat) communism allowed for post-World War II America to

enjoy a ballooning economy for the first time in 30 years.

This harkened a return to the 1920s-styled consumer society

built on credit, as well as a “Baby Boom” thanks to the

boys in uniform who went to college and settled in suburban

America. Just as mass-consumerism during the “Roaring

Twenties” resulted in the Great Depression, suppressing

social problems during the “Fabulous Fifties” sparked the

Civil Rights Movement. Still, the nation’s accomplishments

made it clear that the U.S. dominated the ‘40s and ‘50s as

“King America”.

Summary

01

02

Reading Assignment #1

Read the following pages in the course textbook to locate the

key vocabulary and answer the questions below.

Chapter 11: A World in Flames Lesson 1: The Origins of World War II (pp. 266-270)

C11,L1 KEY READING VOCABULARY:

a. fascism:

b. collective:

c. Anschluss:

d. appeasement:

C11,L1 KEY READING QUESTIONS:

1. What economic and political conditions following World War I

encouraged dictatorships?

2. How did fascism put Europe on the path to war?

3. How was the Soviet collectivization of agriculture an example

of dictatorial government?

4. How did the British turn defeat at Dunkirk into victory?

03




Chapter 11: A World in Flames Lesson 2: From Neutrality to War (pp. 271-275)


a. isolationism:

b. internationalism:

c. strategic materials:


1. Why did many Americans support isolationism? Why did FDR

support internationalism?

2. What do the political cartoons at the top of page #272 try to

persuade the viewer to believe?

3. How did FDR assist Britain while maintaining U.S. neutrality?

4. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7,

1941? What impact did this have on American neutrality?

04




Chapter 11: A World in Flames Lesson 3: The Holocaust (pp. 276-281)


a. Nuremberg Laws:

b. Kristallnacht:

c. concentration camp:

d. extermination camp:


1. Why were Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs persecuted by the Nazis?

2. What factors made it difficult for Jewish people to leave

Europe (use the “St. Louis Affair” as an example)?

3. What was the purpose and outcome of the Wannsee Conference?

4. How was the Buchenwald concentration camp different from

Treblinka and Auschwitz?

05




Chapter 12: America and World War II Lesson 1: Wartime America (pp. 286-293)


a. disenfranchised:

b. cost-plus:

c. Sunbelt:

d. zoot suit:

e. victory suit:

f. rationing:

g. victory garden:


1. What roles did minorities and women play during World War II?

2. How did the Supreme Court rule in the Korematsu v. United

States case in 1944 (found on page #291)?

3. How did the U.S. Government mobilize the economy for war?

06




Chapter 12: America and World War II Lesson 2: The War in the Pacific (pp. 294-300)


a. Navajo “code talkers”:

b. “island-hopping”:

c. amphtrac:

d. kamikaze:


1. Why was the Doolittle Raid important for U.S. forces in the

Pacific?

2. What advantage did the Navajo “code talkers” give the U.S.?

3. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in

the Pacific?

4. What was the military strategy behind “island-hopping”?

Why was it successful?

07




Chapter 12: America and World War II Lesson 3: The War in Europe (pp. 301-307)


a. periphery:

b. convoy system:


1. Why did Churchill and FDR want to attack Nazi-controlled

areas in North Africa before areas in Europe?

2. How did using the convoy system help the U.S. begin winning

in the Atlantic?

3. What were the goals of strategic bombing in Germany and the

invasion of Sicily?

4. What was D-Day? Why was it so important?

5. What would have happened if D-Day had failed?

08




Chapter 12: America and World War II Lesson 4: The War Ends (pp. 308-313)


a. hedgerow:

b. napalm:

c. Nuremberg Trials:


1. Why was the Battle of the Bulge such a disastrous defeat for

the Nazis?

2. How might the Battle of Iwo Jima have been a factor in

Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb?

3. Read the “Analyzing Primary Sources” box on page #312.

3A. What reasons does Truman offer to justify the use of

the atomic bomb?

3B. Why does Leahy say he was against using the bomb?

09




Chapter 13: The Cold War Begins Lesson 1: The Origins of the Cold War (pp. 318-322)


a. charter:

b. satellite nation:

c. Iron Curtain:


1. How did the conferences at Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta attempt

to shape the postwar world?

2. Why did the Potsdam Conference further increase tensions

between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

3. What was the geographic relationship between Soviet satellite

nations and the Iron Curtain?

10




Chapter 13: The Cold War Begins Lesson 2: The Early Cold War Years (pp. 323-329)


a. containment:

b. Truman Doctrine:

c. Marshall Plan:

d. Berlin Airlift:

e. NATO:

f. limited war:


1. What was the policy of containment? How did it influence U.S.

foreign policy?

2. How did the U.S. end up fighting in the Korean War?

3. Why was the Korean War a major turning point in the Cold War?

11




Chapter 13: The Cold War Begins Lesson 3: The Cold War and American Society (pp. 330-334)


a. subversion:

b. loyalty review program:

c. perjury:

d. censure:

e. fallout:


1. How did the “Red Scare” of the 1950s compare with the “Red

Scare” of the 1920s?

2. Why did many Americans believe McCarthy’s accusations?

3. How did fears of nuclear war affect American society?

What was “Duck and Cover”?

4. How did the Cold War affect popular culture in the 1950s?

12




Chapter 13: The Cold War Begins Lesson 4: Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies (pp. 335-339)


a. massive retaliation:

b. brinkmanship:

c. covert:

d. developing nation:

e. military-industrial complex:


1. What was the policy of brinkmanship?

2. How did Eisenhower's military policies contrast with those of

Truman’s?

3. How are developing nations primarily different from

industrial nations?

4. Why did Eisenhower want to use covert operations and the CIA

to combat the spread of communism?

13




Chapter 14: Postwar America Lesson 1: Truman and Eisenhower (pp. 344-348)


a. closed shop:

b. right-to-work laws:

c. union shop:

d. Fair Deal:

e. dynamic conservatism:


1. How did the GI Bill help the nation transform from a wartime

economy to a peacetime economy?

2. How did the Truman Administration seek to continue FDR’s

New Deal goals?

3. What impact did the Taft-Hartley Act have on organized labor?

4. How did Eisenhower’s presidency signal a more conservative

direction for the government?

14




Chapter 14: Postwar America Lesson 2: The Affluent Society (pp. 349-354)


a. baby boom:

b. white-collar job:

c. blue-collar worker:

d. multinational corporation:

e. franchise:

f. rock ‘n’ roll:

g. generation gap:


1. What breakthroughs during the 1950s changed medical practices

and treatments for diseases in the U.S.?

2. What new mass media appealed to people during the 1950s?

3. Why did young people in the 1950s develop their own popular

culture? How did this contribute to a “generation gap”?

15




Chapter 14: Postwar America Lesson 3: The Other Side of American Life (pp. 355-357)


a. poverty line:

b. urban renewal:

c. termination policy:

d. juvenile delinquency:


1. What does it mean to live below the poverty line?

2. How did the lives of minorities differ from those of white

middle-class Americans during the 1950s?

3. Are the people and regions most affected by poverty today the

same as in the 1950s?

4. Why do you think schools were a possible solution for

juvenile delinquency?

Essential Questions (EQs)

Using the Guided Notes, class lectures/discussions, and reading

assignments, answer the following 35 Essential Questions. The

unit test will assess your mastery of each of these EQs.

EQ 4.01 - material found on pp. 1-8 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Explain the “isms” and the roles they played in World War II

(1939-1945) by answering these questions:

A. Capitalism – Use the cows to explain this “ism”. Where is it

used today?

B. Socialism – Use the cows to explain this “ism”. Where is it

used today?

C. Communism – Use the cows to explain this “ism”. Where is it

used today?

D. Fascism – Use the cows to explain this “ism”. Where is it

used today?

E. Nazism – Use the cows to explain this “ism”. Where is it

used today?

EQ 4.02 - material found on p. 9 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Why do historians blame the Treaty of Versailles for helping

start World War II in 1939? What did the treaty do that made

Germany so angry?

16


17

EQ 4.03 - material found on pp. 10-14,18 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Explain the following key people of World War II:

A. Adolf Hitler – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

B. Joseph Stalin – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?

C. Benito Mussolini – Who was he? Which side did he support?

What is he known for?

D. Hideki Tojo – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

E. Winston Churchill – Who was he? Which side did he support?



Why did the U.S. refuse to participate in the League of Nations?

Why did this weaken the League’s ability to maintain peace?


18


What is appeasement? How did this approach to aggressors help

cause World War II?


Explain the Holocaust by answering these questions:

A. What is genocide?

B. When did the Holocaust begin?

C. What was the Holocaust’s “objective”? What impact did it have

on the Jewish people?

D. Who was Oskar Schindler? What did he do during the Holocaust

that made him a hero?

E. How did the Holocaust lead to the creation of the nation of

Israel?


19

EQ 4.07 - material found on pp. 17,24,32,36 in Notes, lecture & Nutty


A. Édouard Daladier – Who was he? Which side did he support?


B. Neville Chamberlain – Who was he? Which side did he support?


C. Henri Pétain – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

D. Douglas MacArthur – Who was he? Which side did he support?


E. Jack Hartnell – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?


20

EQ 4.08 - material found on pp. 40,41,47,60 in Notes, lecture & Nutty


A. Dwight D. Eisenhower – Who was he? Which side did he support?


B. Erwin Rommel – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

C. George S. Patton – Who was he? Which side did he support?


D. J. Robert Oppenheimer – Who was he? Which side did he sup-

port? What is he known for?

E. Harry S. Truman – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?


21


Explain the following key battles/events of World War II:

A. Invasion of Poland – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Battle of Dunkirk – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Battle of Paris/France – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Battle of Britain – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Operation Barbarossa – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of Pearl Harbor – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?


22



A. Battle of the Philippines – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

B. Doolittle’s Raid – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Battle of Midway – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Battle of Guadalcanal – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of El Alamein – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of Tunisia – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?


23



A. Operation Husky – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Operation Avalanche – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Operation Overlord – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Operation Valkyrie – When? Where? What did it try to do? Im-

pact on war?

E. Battle of Guam – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of Leyte Gulf – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?


24



A. Battle of the Bulge – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Battle of Iwo Jima – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Battle of Luzon – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Battle of Ramree Island – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of Okinawa – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

F. Battle of Berlin – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?


25

EQ 4.13 - material found on pp. 20,25,27,30,36, in Notes, lecture & Nutty

Explain the following key items/events of World War II:

A. Non-Aggression Pact – When? What was it? Impact on war?

B. Blitzkrieg, Unterseeboots, Luftwaffe – What do these mean?

Impact on war?

C. Bataan Death March – When? Where? Impact on war?

D. Royal Air Force (RAF) – Impact on war?

E. Lend-Lease Act – Impact on war?

F. Atlantic Charter – When? Where? What was it? Impact on war?


26

EQ 4.14 - material found on pp. 25,43,46,56,62 in Notes, lecture & Nutty


A. Alien Registration Act – What was it? Impact on war?

B. “Rosie the Riveter” – Who was she? Impact on war?

C. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Casablanca, Tehran, Yalta (Crimea), & Potsdam Conferences –

When? Where? Impact on war?

E. Operation Downfall – What was it? Why was it canceled?


27

EQ 4.15 - material found on pp. 38,51,53,59,61 in Notes, lecture & Nutty


A. Buzz bombs , V-2 rockets, & Fire Balloons – What were they?

Impact on war?

B. GI Bill – What was it? Impact on society after the war?

C. Kamikazes – What were they? Impact on war?

D. Tuskegee Airmen – Who were they? Impact on war?

E. Native American “Code Talkers” – Who were they? Impact on

war?

F. Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) – When was it? Impact on war?


28

EQ 4.16 - material found on pp. 38,60,65-69 in Notes, lecture & Nutty


A. “Island Hopping” Strategy – What was it? Impact on war?

B. Manhattan Project – What was it? Impact on war?

C. “Little Boy” & “Fat Man” – What were they? Impact on war?

D. Bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki – Where? When? Impact on

war?

E. Victory in Japan (V-J Day) – When was it? Impact on war?


The mass mobilization of the U.S. home front was unlike any in

the history of the country. How did this mobilization impact

women and minorities in the workforce?


29


Explain the treatment of Japanese-Americans during World War II

by answering these questions:

A. How did the U.S. Government react toward Japanese-Americans

in the wake of the Pearl Harbor attack?

B. Why did the U.S. Government react toward Japanese-Americans

in such a fashion?

C. How was the U.S. Government’s reaction to Pearl Harbor (and

its treatment of Japanese-Americans) in 1941 similar to the U.S.

Government’s reaction to Muslim-Americans after 9/11?

EQ 4.19 - material found on pp. 30,65-72 in Guided Notes, lecture & Nutty

Explain the consequences/results of World War II by answering

these questions:

A. Atomic weapons – How did their use at the end of the war

impact the decades to come?

B. Civilian & military losses – Which countries suffered the

highest in both categories?

continues on page #30 —>


30


C. Refugees & poverty – How did Europe recover from World War

II’s devastation?

D. United Nations – What purpose was behind this organization’s

formation?

E. Cold War – Why did the U.S. and U.S.S.R. not get along in the

decades following World War II?


Explain the economic impact World War II had on the U.S. by

answering these questions:

A. How did World War II bring the U.S economy out of the Great

Depression?

B. How did World War II expand the role of the U.S. Government

both during and after the war?


31


The Cold War and its related conflicts influenced U.S. foreign

policy after 1945 in many ways. Explain how the following events

impacted U.S. foreign policy:

A. Division of Berlin/Germany.

B. NATO.

C. Warsaw Pact.

D. Chinese Communist Revolution.


What impact did the Marshall Plan have on Europe, the U.S., and

the Cold War?


The Truman Doctrine was originally designed to send U.S. aid to

anti-Communist forces in Greece and Turkey in 1947. Later, it

was expanded to justify support for any nation that the U.S.

Government believed was threatened by communism. How did this

doctrine shape U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War?


32


Explain the cultural explosion and “feel good” attitude of

American society during the “Fabulous” Fifties by answering

these questions:

A. Why was the decade not as prosperous as it appeared on the

surface?

B. How did internal problems of the 1950s later rise to the sur-

face in succeeding decades?

C. How did the fear of communism drive policies on immigration

and life during the decade?

D. What similarities did the “Fabulous” Fifties share with the

“Roaring” Twenties?


Explain the Korean War (1950-1953) by answering these questions:

A. What caused the Korean War?

B. What role did the United Nations (UN) take in the conflict?

C. What impact did the war have on American society?


33


Explain the Korean War by answering these questions:

A. Why did President Truman and Douglas MacArthur disagree

frequently during the conflict?

B. Why is the Korean War sometimes not called a “war”?

C. Why is this conflict also known as the “Forgotten War”?


Explain the following key people of the Korean War:

A. Harry S. Truman – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?

B. Syngman Rhee – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

C. Kim Il Sung – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

continues on page #34 —>


34


D. Mao Zedong – Who was he? Which side did he support? What is

he known for?

E. Joseph Stalin – Who was he? Which side did he support? What

is he known for?

F. Douglas MacArthur – Who was he? Which side did he support?



Explain the following key items/events of the Korean War:

A. 38th parallel – What was it? Impact on war?

B. “Limited war” – What was it? Impact on war?

C. Seoul – Where was it located? What was its significance?

D. P’yŏngyang – Where was it located? What was its significance?


35


Explain the following key battles of the Korean War:

A. Battle of Seoul – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Battle of Osan – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

C. Battle of Andong – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of Pusan Perimeter – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

F. Battle of Incheon – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?


36


Explain the following key battles of the Korean War:

A. Battle of Chosin Reservoir – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

B. Battle of Heartbreak Ridge – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?

C. Battle of Outpost Harry – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

D. Battle of Old Baldy – When? Where? Winner? Impact on war?

E. Battle of Pork Chop Hill – When? Where? Winner? Impact on

war?


37


Explain the following key items/events of the Korean War:

A. Korean Armistice – When? Winner? Impact on war?

B. Demilitarized Zone – When? Where? Impact on war?

C. Executive Order 9981 – When? Impact on war?

D. M*A*S*H units & M*A*S*H TV show – When? Impact on war/war’s

legacy?

E. Korean War Veterans Memorial – Where? Impact on war’s legacy?


38


Explain the threat posed by nuclear weapons during the early

decades of the Cold War by answering these questions:

A. How does a nuclear bomb work?

B. What kind of damage is caused by a nuclear blast?

C. Why did the U.S. use nuclear weapons to help end World War

II?

D. Why did the U.S. NOT use nuclear weapons to help end the

Korean War?

E. Explain this quote by the Albert Einstein: “I know not with

what weapons World War 3 will be fought, but World War 4 will be

fought with sticks and stones.”


39

EQ 4.33 - material found in lecture & Nutty

Explain the “Duck and Cover” procedure by answering these

questions:

A. How was the procedure done? (Illustrations welcomed!)

B. Why did “experts” believe such a procedure would work?

C. What role did the procedure play in shaping nuclear policies

among the American public?

D. Why would such a procedure be useless during an actual

nuclear attack?


40

EQ 4.34 - material found in Best Music… Ever!, lecture & Nutty

Explain the impact that the music of the 1950s had on society by

analyzing the songs of the decade and completing the following:

A. Pick 2 artists/bands from the 1950s and explain how they

represented the decade.

B. Pick 2 songs from the 1950s and explain the significance of

their lyrics and beats.

C. Pick 2 songs from the 1950s and explain their impact on

society.

D. Pick 2 songs from the 1950s and explain their impact on the

music industry/music itself.


41


Explain life during the 1950s by answering these questions:

A. What were the roles of men and women during the 1950s?

B. What kind of entertainment and sports did people enjoy during

the 1950s?

C. What were some of the fads and fashions of the 1950s?

D. What was every-day life like during the 1950s?

E. Compare the 1950s to today’s fads, fashions, entertainment,

sports, and every-day life.

END OF UNIT #4 EQs

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Unit #4 Pathways Packet · Office of Academic Affairs The Pathways Packet contains all of the material needed to be successful during this unit. Completion is REQUIRED in order for