Unit 5

一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。1. __________ [5kwCliti] n. 品质；性质2 ． __________ [ri5pQblik] n. 共和国；共和政体3 ． __________ [5prinsEpl] n. 原则； 原理4 ． __________ [5nAFEnElizEm] n. 民族主义；国

家主义5 ． __________ [5pi:sful] adj. 平静的；安静的6 ． __________ [5piEriEd] n. 时期；周期 7 ． __________ [Ed5vaiz] vt. 劝告；忠告8 ． __________ [kEn5tinju:] v. 继续9 ． __________ [ju:W] n. 青年；青年时期 10 ． _________ [vEJt] vt. 投票；选举

quality

republicprinciple

nationalism peaceful

period

advise

continue

youth

vote

一般电脑都缺少音标字体，所以音标显示不正常把金山音标拷贝到 C:\WINDOWS\Fonts里边就可以正常显示音标了

11 ． ___________ [steidV] n. 舞台；阶段12 ． ___________ [pE5ziFEn] n. 职位；位置13 ． ___________ [5vaiElEns] n. 暴力；暴行14 ． ___________ [5i:kwEl] adj. 相等的；平等的15 ． ___________ [5edju:keItId] adj. 受过教育的；有

教养的 16 ． ___________ [5kru:EltI] n. 残忍；残酷17 ． ___________ [5kriminl] n. 罪犯；犯罪者18 ． ___________ [5prezidEnt] n. 总统；会长19 ． ___________ [5sentEns] vt. 判决；宣判20 ． ___________ [5terE] n. 恐怖；恐怖活动

stage

position

violence

equal

educated

cruelty

criminal

president

sentenceterror

二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1. With the __________in him, we consider him a great person.

2. The t ___________of the criminals in Tibet caused great trouble to the ___________life of the native Tibetans.

3. The professor _________ the terrorists be s _________to death to give the others a warning.

4. The little girls performed wonderfully on the ______ , as the teachers expected.

5. Only a few people had the chances to __________ for the position. Most people felt sorry.

be voted

qualities

errors

advise 　

stage

entencedpeaceful

6. His remarks did v ________to the truth, which made Chinese people very angry .

7. “ Equal work , equal pay ” is always his ____________as a chief manager .

8. “No e__________ people will behave that way!” , stated the headmaster angrily .

9. We are clearer about terrorists’ c _________through their v___________ to the shops , the people and the soldiers.

10.The mid-aged man in the end __________her as his lifelong companion.

educated

violence

principle 　

cruelty violences

accepted

三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1. He is ________to major in medicine against his

parents’ _______ .( will) 2. Now that “ ________speak louder than words” ,

why not take an _________part in it ? (act)3. You have your _______,but I ___________to go

hiking in the forest .(choose)4. We suffered a lot from the ___________rain

these days. (continue)5. The program on free ___________ will benefit a

lot of people in the rural areas. (educate)

willing will

actions active

choice have chosen

continuous

education

6. The soldier died __________for the ______of the world. (peace)

7. The visitors were _________at the _________of the ____________in Tebit. (terror)

8. The middle school students joined the _____ League last week .(young)

9. The colored people are still calling for the __________ .(equal)

10. The sense of ____________ over spread , which caused great disorder in the streets. (nation)

peacefully peace

terrorists terrified terrors

Youth

equality nationalism

四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1 ． ________________________ 与……相处很好2 ． ____________________________ 愿意做……事情3 ． _________________________ 丧失信心4 ． _________________________ 失业5 ． ________________________ 事实上6 ． ________________________ 将……关进监狱7 ． ________________________ 当权；上台8 ． ________________________ 被判处……徒刑9 ． ________________________ 处于不幸之中

get on well withbe willing to do something

lose heartout of workas a matter of factput…in prison

come to powerbe sentenced to in trouble

10. be jealous of _______________________

11. blow up _________________________

12. be worried about ________________________

13. answer violence with violence ___________

14. give up…for… _______________

15. put … in a position _______________

16. stop somebody from doing something

_____________________

嫉妒

使充气；爆炸对……着急

以暴制暴为……而放弃

将……关入监狱

阻止；使不能

五、词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。

1 ． The earnings can’t meet the needs of the family, for he ______________________for some time.

2 ． Nelson Mandela never ___________even when he was in prison.

3 ． Never laugh at those_____________ .4 ． If you will, it will be very easy for you to

___________________with them.5 ． ___________________, no language is very easy to

learn. Keep up, everything will be ok.As a matter of fact

has been out of workgave up

in trouble

get on well with

6 ． People were glad to hear that the terrorists ___________________________death.

7 ． _______________________________is not his principle. It is beyond our imagination.

8 ． I failed once again. How I _____________your easy success.

9 ． If the newly-elected president ______________, everything will be changed. I am sure.

10. The heavy rain _________________catching the early bus.

stopped me from

had been sentenced toAnswering violence with violence

am jealous of

comes to power

六、翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。

1 ．我很愿意去北京为即将举行的奥运会当义工。I _____________work as an unpaid hand for the Olympic

Games to be held in Beijing .2. 因为严重堵车，我没办法准时出席哪个会议。The heavy traffic jam _________________________the

meeting on time.3. 我们一直担心的事情终于发生了。What we ______________________has happened in the

end. 4. 是坚持还是放弃，由你自己定。It’s up to you to decide whether to ________or keep up.5. 看见气球爆了，小男孩还是忍不住哭起来。Seeing the balloon ___________, the little boy couldn’t

keep back his tears.blowing up

am willing to

stopped me from attending

have been worried about

give up

Language points

die for 为某种事业或目的而死 die for one’s country/ the people/ the cause. die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因 die from a car accident. 由于车祸而死 die by 死于暴力 , 刀或剑等凶器 die by the sword/hanging.

be dying for 极想得到 ...

She is dying for a cup of water.

die through carelessness 因过失而死die…down 凋落 , 消失die away 消失（渐渐远去）The sound died away. 声音渐渐远去。die out 绝种 This kind of animal is dying out.

He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.

二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。 fight (fought, fought)

fight for 为……而战 fight against 与……作斗争 We will have to fight against difficulties.

They told the workers to fight for their rights.

He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting.

经过多年斗争他于 1911 在中国创建了第一个共和国。

found (founded, founded) 建立，创建 find (found, found)

The hospital was founded in 1920.

Have you found your missing pen?

He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood. 他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。

believe in 信任，信仰 Do you believe in God? We believe in our government. believe sb. = believe what sb. says 相信某人

的话 believe in sb. 信任某人 He believe what he said because I believe

in him.

Do not talk (in) that way.

(In) this way, you can remember the

spelling.

Don’t stand in the /my way.

He is better in some way (s).

He picked a pen on the way to school.

in a peaceful way 以和平的方式那样

这样碍事在某些方面

在往…的路上

He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. 他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。

give up 表示主动放弃或屈服 He has decided to give up smoking. give in 表示被动屈服或认输， 后面不带宾

语 You can’t win the game, so you may

as well give in. free from 摆脱（不好的东西）的，无……

的 Keep the children free from harm. You should try to write sentences

free from mistakes.

He fought for the black people and was in prison for almost thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年监狱。

be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 He has been in prison for five years. put…in prison = send…to prison = throw

…into prison 把……投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison. He was sent to prison for ten years.

in prison 囚禁

be sent to prison ( 被送进监狱 )

be in prison ( 在监狱里 )

be thrown into prison ( 被投入监狱 )

break prison (越狱 )

prison表示蹲监狱时 , 其前不用冠词

throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prison

He had been in prison for 20 years .

The man was put in prison for stealing a car.

Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown

into prison.

They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.

类似 : bed, church, class, college, hospital,

school, university, market

The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

period 期间，时期，学校的一节课，周期 Let’s finish this period and have a

break. a period of rotation 自转周期 the time when 其中 when 引起定语从句 This was a time when you had got

to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.

Do you still remember the time when we first met?

the time 可用于引起时间状语从句，这时一般不加 when 。

I recognized him the time I saw him.

continue + to do

continue doing 继续做某事go on doing

他继续睡觉，好像什么也没有发生。

He continued sleeping/ to sleep as if nothing had happened.

*fee: 服务费，酬金（如付予私人教师，医生等）Pay the lawyer’s fees (付律师费 )

fare: (公共汽车，轮船，出租车等的 )费用，票价到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少？

Ex. Travel at half/full/reduced _______(半价票旅行 ).

A bill for school ______ (学费帐单 ).

What is the bus fare to London?

fare

fees

worry about =be worried about

I worry about your health.

I am worried about your health.

I worried about your health.

I was worried about your health.

担心的神色 a worried look

Don’t be worried. --- Take it easy

out of work/job

= lose one’s job = be unemployed

失业 , 没有工作

His mother has been out of work for half a year.

in work 有工作Is her husband in work?

out of 意为“在…之外” ,“向…外” ;表示失去 , 没有 , 用完 ; 不再处于某种状况。反义词为into 或 in 。

① The little boy ran out of the room.

② He took my books out of my

schoolbag.

③ Don’t run into the room.

④ Can you put your raincoat in your

pocket?

out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦out of petrol 汽油用完了out of use 没用了out of order 出故障了out of control 失控了out of danger 脱离危险了 out of sight 看不见了

out of fashion 不时兴out of date 过时out of repair 无法修葺Out of sight, out of mind.

眼不见 , 心不烦。

as … as+ 主语 +can/could 尽可能 , 尽量= as … as + possible

He was running as fast as he could.

=He was running as fast as possible.

You must speak English as often as you can.

=You must speak English

_________________. as often as possible

They did the experiment as carefully as they

could.

=They did the experiment

_____________________.

Try to make as few mistakes as you can.

=Try to make _________________________.

as carefully as possible

as few mistakes as possible

我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。

in which引导定语从句，相当于 where ，但意义更准确。如：

After three hours’ ride, we came to the house in which he was born.

乘车 3 个小时后我们来到了他出生的那所房子。Think of a place to which we can go for dinner.

想一个我们可以去吃饭的地方。

We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

accept“接受”，指的是主观上接受了receive“收到”，指客观收到但不一定接受我接受了他的邀请去参加晚会。I accepted his invitation to the party ．我收到了他的邀请，但我没有接受。I received his invitation,but I didn't accept.

We were put in a position in which we had either to

accept we were less important, or fight the

government.

either... or... (两者之中 )… 或… ( 之一 )

You may stay either in a hotel or in a private

house.

I want to visit either Paris or London.

Either you or I am wrong.

Either of the boys likes singing.

Either day is OK.

either… or

neither … nor

not only…but also…

There be…

主谓一致用就近原则

neither…nor…

He has neither money nor social position.Neither parent cares what happens to the child.Neither of the boys likes to play such a game.

both…and…

Both he and I are wrong.

Both of the boys like singing.

The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去三十年里出现了最多的法律来剥夺我们的权利 , 阻挡我们的进步 , 直到今天我们已经到了几乎没有任何权力的地步 .

see 在此句意为“见证，目睹”； ( 在某段时期 )发生 ( 某情况 ),经历 ,经受 ; 为某事发生之时，主语为时间

The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents.

The city has seen many changes.

4. The parts of town where they lived were places

decided by white people ． 他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。

decided by white people 作定语饰 places 。= which were decided by white people

被困在楼里的人们 the people trapped in the building

= the people who were trapped in the building过去分词作定语修饰 people

定语从句作定语修饰 people

…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。

only then 此处引起倒装句，当 only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。

Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.

only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 Only he knew how to solve the

problem.

answer 在本句中意为“对付”

1. 接，应（与 door, bell, phone 等连用）

2. 适应（需要等）

3. answer back 顶嘴 那女孩喜欢顶嘴。

I will go and answer the phone.

The plan will not answer our needs.

That girl likes answering back.

As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1936 I helped him blow up some government buildings. 事实上我不喜欢暴力……但在 1963 年我帮他炸了一些政府大楼 .

as a matter of fact = in fact As a matter of fact, I don’t know the

truth.

as a matter of fact--- in fact Finally we achieved our

dream. Finally our dream _____ ____.

came true

• make black and white people equal• make + 宾语 + 宾补 (名词， 形容词，动词 )• We will make him monitor.• Our maths teacher made us interested in maths.• The boss made him work fourteen hours a day.

achieve one’s dream of doing sth

但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

“It was + 不定式”结构表示“按计划或安排将要做的事”，该结构在此处相当于 It was time to do sth.

It was (time) to get rid of your bad habit of smoking.

该戒除你那抽烟的坏习惯了。

But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.

be equal to 等于，相当于I’m not equal to the position.

Women demand equal pay for equal work.

You cannot imagine how the sound of the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你想象不到听到罗本岛这个名字令我们多么害怕。

imagine n./doing sth./sb.+doing/that… Can you imagine life without electricity? I din’t imagine becoming a writer in my childhood. I can’t imagine her marrying him. Imagine that you are a bird.

2. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的时候他教授我们。

should do & should have done He should have come earlier. You should come earlier tomorrow. You should have written to your mother. My teacher said I should study harder. I should have studied harder when I was young.

should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。

should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。

asleep, sleep & sleepy

--Is he still sleeping? --Yes, he is fast asleep. I was too sleepy to hear the end of her talk. I usually sleep seven hours a day. asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。 sleep 是动词或名词，意为“睡觉”。 sleepy 是形容词，意为“打盹的”。

3. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.

由于他们不如我聪明而又确实通过了考试 did pass 为强调结构，强调谓语动词时，在动词原行前加 do, does, did.

Do be careful! I do hope you have a merry Christmas! He does speak English well!

4. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.

come to power = come into power 执政 in power 当权，执政 Things have changed a lot since he came to power. How long has he been in power?

5. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.

terror n. 恐怖，可怕的人或事 The murder was a terror to the people in the town. fear n. 恐惧，可怕 vt. 恐惧，害怕 + n./to do /that… Do you fear death? She fears to speak in our presence. I fear that we can’t protect ourselves.

for fear of …& for fear that… 担心 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing the train. She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

6. I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.

beating n. 打、输 They gave him a good beating. They gave our team quite a beating. beat n. 敲击，跳动 We heard the beat of a drum. Can you hear the beat of my heart?

7. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.

reward n. 报酬，奖金 He worked hard but without much reward. in reward 作为报酬 She got nothing in reward for her kindness. vt. 酬谢，给以报答 He rewarded me with a prize.

Grammar

Revision1.Is he the man_________wants to see you?2.He is the man __________I saw yesterday.3.They ran to help the man _______car had broken down.4.The book__________he is carrying is about to drop.

Notes:• 引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。• 关系代词：

who,whom,whose,that,which• 关系副词：when,where,why• 关系副词还相当于“介词 +which” 的结构

who/that

whom/thatwhose

which/that

一、关系代词（ who, whom, which, that ， whose ）

指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用Who √ 主语 宾语

Whom √ 宾语Which √ 主语 宾语

that √ √ 主语 宾语whose √ √ 定语

1.This is the best hotel in the city ___ I know.

A.It B. where C. that D. Which

2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

3. Is there anything else___ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what

practice

4. What’s the name of the man____?

A. you borrowed his car

B. which car you borrowed

C. whose car you borrowed

D. his car you borrowed5 、 They have decided to finish their work, ______ I think is a wise choice.A 、 who B 、 that

C 、 what D 、 which

that 和 which 在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 一般用 that 而不用 which 。

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

This is the first book (that) he has read.

This is the very book that belongs to him.

(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

(2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等 修饰时。

(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

(4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same修饰时。

在下列情况下只用 which, 不用 that 。1 ，引导非限定性定语从句。2 ，直接作介词的宾语。3 ，避免与 that 重复。Here he worked on a short film, which

won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.

Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.

1. where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。 注意： where 不在从句中作主语或宾语。 What is the name of the town where we

stayed last night? Think of a place where we can go for

dinner. Please leave the book at the place where it

was.

二、关系副词：when, where, why

2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。 Tell me the time when the train leaves. July, when (=in which ) we can go home for

a rest, is coming soon.3. why表示原因，通常跟在 reason后引导定语从句。I don’t know the reason why he left here.This is the reason why (= for which) he

cried.

用 where, which, when, whose 填空1 ） Dorothy always spoke highly of her role

in the play ， of course, _____made the others unhappy.

2) I shall never forget the days ________ I lived in the country with my parents.

3) The factory ________ his brother works lies in the south of the city.

4) They took care of the old man ________ son lost his life in the fire.

Exercise

whichwhen

where

whose

1.  Do you like the book she spent $10? 2.  Do you like the book ________she paid $10?3.  Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4.  Do you like the book she often talks? 5.  He built a telescope he could study the skies.

on which

for which

from which

about which

through which

三、介词 +which

关系副词的用法关系副词 　指代 在从句中的作用when (=at/in/on /during/ …which)

where (=in/at/… which)

why (=for which)

时间 时间状语

地点 地点状语

原因 原因状语

关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。