UNIT 5 ROME PART 1CHAPTER 13 BEGINNINGS

Lesson Essential Question 1: Where are the important cities, features, and bodies of water for ancient Rome located on a map?

A. Locate and label items on the Rome map.

Why It’s Important (p. 209)

1. On the hill known as the Palatine, an early people founded a settlement later known as Rome.

2. This settlement would become the center of a great empire, whose achievements still influence life today.

B. Why was Palatine Hill important?

Section 1: Founding of Rome(p. 209-210)

Lesson Essential Question 2: What legend describes the founding of Rome?

Founding of Rome

C. According to legend, what happened after the fall of Troy?

After the fall of Troy, the gods ordered a Trojan prince called Aeneas to lead his people to a promised land in the West.

The Latins

D. What group did Aeneas join forces with?

1. A Latin princess (Rhea Silvia) gave birth to twin sons fathered by the god Mars.

2. The princess had taken an oath never to have children.

3. Because she broke her word, she was punished.

4. Her sons, Romulus and Remus were taken from her and left to die on the bank of the flooding Tiber.

E. According to legend, what happened about 800 B. C.? Why was that a big deal?

1. Romulus and Remus were found by a she-wolf, which fed and cared for them.

2. One day, a shepherd killed the she-wolf and discovered the babies.

3. The shepherd then took the babies home with him.

F. Continuing with the legend, how were Romulus and Remus raised?

1. When the boys grew older, they decided to build a city on the Tiber.

2. They decided to let the gods choose which brother should rule the city.

3. Each brother climbed to the top of a different hill to watch for a sign from the gods.

4. Then, twelve vultures flew over the Palatine.5. Since Romulus stood atop the Palatine, he

claimed to be king.6. He and Remus then fought and Remus was

killed.7. Romulus became king of the city, which he

named Rome.

G. According to legend, how was the city of Rome founded?

Founding of Rome Lesson Essential Question 3: How was

Rome actually founded?

About 1000 B. C., groups of people with iron weapons began invading the lands around the Mediterranean. A group

called the Latins settled on the Palatine. Romans belonged to this group.

H. What have experts found about the founding of Rome?

1. It had a pleasant climate and fertile soil.2. Nearby were forests that supplied the

Latins with timber.3. They built gravel roads to bring salt and

other items from the coast.

I. What made the area where the Latins settled an ideal place?

The settlement on the Palatine had become a village of about 1,000 people.

K. Describe the people who settled on the Palatine around 776 B. C.

Section 2: The Etruscans(p. 210-214)

Lesson Essential Question 4: What was life like for the Etruscans?

L. Who were the Etruscans?

1. Around 800 B. C., a people called Etruscans settled in Etruria, the country north of the Latin village on the Palatine.

2. The Etruscans were Italy’s first highly civilized people.

3. Etruscan farmers used mostly iron tools.4. Some Etruscans were metalworkers and

sculptors.5. They were known as “the peoples of the

sea,” feared as pirates and respected as traders.

6. Over time, the Etruscan cities grew, and by 600 B. C., they dominated all of Northern Italy, including the Latin village on the Palatine.

Daily Life (p. 213)

1. They enjoyed playing and watching games like chess, backgammon, wrestling, running, boxing, and horse racing.

2. The Etruscans loved music and dancing best.3. The Etruscans had a strong sense of social

order .4. Define social order – the way groups of

people are classed

M. What was daily life like for Etruscans?

N. How were the Etruscans eventually divided?

1. The upper class consisted of wealthy landowners, nobles, and priests.

2. The middle class had farmers, traders, and city workers.

3. The lower class consisted of enslaved people.

Religious Beliefs (p. 213-214)

Lesson Essential Question 5: What religious beliefs were held by the Etruscans?

O. Describe Etruscan religion.

1. The Etruscans had many gods, most of whom were modeled after the Greeks.

2. The Etruscans believed the world was divided into provinces with each province ruled by different gods.

3. They believed humans were powerless before the gods so they wanted to please their gods.

4. They discovered what the gods willed through a priestly group of aristocrats called soothsayers, or people who can predict events.

5. Soothsayers read certain omens, or signs of what is to happen.

Tombs of Gold (p. 214)

P. Describe what happened when an Etruscan noble died.

1. When an Etruscan noble died a great banquet was held, and two of the noble’s slaves fought one another to the death.

2. The nobles were buried in tombs beneath the ground called catacombs.

3. Define catacombs – underground cemeteries4. The Etruscans believed that life after death lasted

longer and was more important than life on Earth.5. They filled their tombs with works of art and treasures

of gold, silver, bronze, and ivory.6. Because of this, Etruscan tombs are known as “tombs

of gold.”7. Outside each Etruscan city was a necropolis, or

cemetery, made up of acres of these tombs.

Lesson Essential Question 6: What did the Etruscans contribute to Roman civilization?

Section 3: Etruscans and Romans

(p. 215-216)

Q. Who was Lucius Tarquinius and why was he

important?1. In 616 B. C., Lucius Tarquinius became the

first Etruscan ruler of Rome.2. His dynasty ruled Rome for more than 100

years.

R. What did the Etruscans contribute to the Romans?

1. The Etruscans taught the Latin’s how to use the arch in building bridges.

2. They also laid the foundations for Rome’s first sewer system.

3. The Etruscans drained the swamp at the foot of the Palatine, which became Rome’s Forum.

4. Define Forum – public square

R. What did the Etruscans contribute to the Romans?5. The Romans borrowed the Etruscan alphabet and

some Etruscan customs, including gladiatorial games.

6. Define gladiatorial games – Fights between armed men, between men and animals, between women and dwarfs, and between animals

7. The Romans also borrowed the triumph, or parade like welcome given to a Roman hero returning from battle.

8. In addition, the Romans borrowed Etruscan symbols of authority.

9. One symbol of authority was fasces, or a bundle of rods bound around an ax that became the symbol of a Roman ruler’s power.

R. What did the Etruscans contribute to the Romans?10. The Etruscans built the first temple on the

Capitoline; today it is the center of Rome’s city government.

11. The Romans founded their cities according to a ritual borrowed from the Etruscans.

12. Priests marked where the two main streets would meet and marked it with a stone.

13. The Romans believed the place where the two streets met was the mundus, or the meeting point for the worlds of the living and the dead.

14. Etruscans played an important role in the development of Roman civilization.