Upload
brandon-richard
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CDC Statistics- Obesity
More than 1/3 of U.S. adults are obese. 16% of children and adolescents (ages 2-19
years) are obese. What chronic diseases and health issues
should we be concerned about due to obesity? Healthy People 2010 national health objectives:
To reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults to less than 15%.
To reduce the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents to less than 5%.
Adult Overweight and Obesity
For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate the "body mass index" (BMI).
BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat.
BMI between 25 and 29.9 = Overweight. BMI of 30 or higher = Obese.
Energy Balance Equation
Energy Input = Energy Output
(or calories in = calories out)
Energy Input= Calories from food
Energy Output= Metabolism (BMR) Physical Activity Thermic Effect of Food
Energy Output:
Basal Metabolism (BMR): Calories expended for vital organ functioning in
resting state; ~60-70% of total calorie needs. Affected by gender, body composition/muscle tone,
age, temperature, health status, thyroid hormone Physical Activity:
Calories burned influenced by weight, muscles used, length of time of exercise
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): Energy used to digest, absorb and process nutrients.
Energy Balance
Positive Energy Balance = Input > Output (eat more than expend) Results in weight gain
Negative Energy Balance = Input < Output (eat less than expend) Results in weight loss
Must have a calorie deficit of about 3500 kcal per week to lose one pound/week…deficit of 500 kcals/day over 7 days.
Why “Diets” Don’t Work
Obesity is a chronic disease Treatment requires long-term lifestyle changes
(no quick fix). Dieters are misdirected
More concerned about weight loss than healthy, active lifestyle.
Unrealistic weight expectations.
Fad Diets
Emphasizes one or two foods. Severely restricts food choices; rigid eating
plans. What nutrients are fad diets usually lacking? Temporary solution to weight loss…not long-
term; focus is not on permanent eating, exercise, or behavior changes.
What are your concerns about fad diets?
Fad Diets- What to Watch Out For
Promote quick weight loss Limited food selections; rituals Use of testimonials Cure-alls Recommend expensive supplements No permanent lifestyle changes advocated Critical of the scientific community
Discussion
What factors are affecting obesity?
What can we do to help decrease obesity as well as prevent weight gain?
Weight Loss Success
National Weight Control Registry www.nwcr.ws
Investigates characteristics of individuals who have succeeded at long-term weight loss.
45% lost weight on their own; 55% used a program.
98% modified their food intake. 94% increased their activity (walking most
reported).
Recommendations: Eating
Calorie control Portions Eat less overall, but still choose variety of foods Stay within your daily calorie needs
Plan meals ahead Write down what you eat; self-monitoring Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or
low-fat milk and milk products, lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts
Emphasize low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars
Recommendations: Exercise
Exercise on regular basis; ACSM Position To prevent weight gain: 150-250 min/week Weight loss: 150->250 min/week Weight maintenance after weight loss: >250
min/week Children and teens: 60 mins per day
Donnelly JE, et al. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention
of weight regain for adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2009; 41:459-471.