UNIT 9- Circulatory, UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Respiratory and Endocrine

SystemsSystems

CirculationCirculation► Circulatory Circulatory

System- System- ► System System

responsible for responsible for the transport of the transport of materials materials

ex. oxygen, ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, food, cellular food, cellular wastes, etcwastes, etc

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System► Two types-Two types-► Open- Open-

blood is not always blood is not always contained in blood contained in blood vessels, ex. vessels, ex. arthropodsarthropods

► Closed- Closed- blood is always blood is always

contained in contained in vessels, ex. vessels, ex. vertebratesvertebrates

Human Circulatory SystemHuman Circulatory System► Consists of three Consists of three

parts parts 1. Heart1. Heart 2. Blood vessels2. Blood vessels 3. Blood3. Blood

Heart (p933, 934)Heart (p933, 934)► HeartHeart

Pumps blood to all Pumps blood to all parts of the bodyparts of the body

► Chambers Chambers atria/auricles- atria/auricles-

receiving chambersreceiving chambers ventricles- ventricles-

pumping chamberspumping chambers

HeartHeart► Valves Valves

control the flow of blood, control the flow of blood, prevents back-flowprevents back-flow

► PericardiumPericardium thin protective sac thin protective sac

around the heartaround the heart► SeptumSeptum

Wall separating the right Wall separating the right and left sides of heartand left sides of heart

Prevents mixing of Prevents mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen oxygen rich and oxygen poor bloodpoor blood

Heartbeat (p 935)Heartbeat (p 935)► ControlControl► Sinoatrial Node (SA) Sinoatrial Node (SA)

(pacemaker)- (pacemaker)- Group of cells that Group of cells that

initiate the initiate the contraction of the contraction of the heart.heart.

► Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular node (AV)(AV) Stimulates Stimulates

contraction of contraction of ventriclesventricles

Pulse (p935)Pulse (p935)► Two beatsTwo beats► Systole- Systole-

Occurs when Occurs when ventricles contractventricles contract

►Diastole-Diastole- Occurs when Occurs when

ventricles relaxventricles relax► Average- 70 – 90 Average- 70 – 90

beats per minute for beats per minute for adults. (Quick Lab- p adults. (Quick Lab- p 934)934)

Blood flow through heartBlood flow through heart► 1. Vena cavae 1. Vena cavae ► 2. 2. ► 3. 3. ► 4. 4. ► 5. 5. ► 6. 6. ► 7. 7. ► 8. 8. ► 9. 9. ► 10. 10. ► 11. 11. ► 12. 12. ► 13. Aorta 13. Aorta ► 14. The body14. The body

Blood flow through heartBlood flow through heart► 1. Vena cavae (a, g) 1. Vena cavae (a, g) ► 2. Right atrium (d) 2. Right atrium (d) ► 3. Tricuspid valve (e)3. Tricuspid valve (e) ► 4. Right ventricle (f)4. Right ventricle (f) ► 5. Semilunar valves 5. Semilunar valves ► 6. Pulmonary arteries (b, i)6. Pulmonary arteries (b, i)► 7. Lungs 7. Lungs ► 8. Pulmonary veins (c, j)8. Pulmonary veins (c, j) ► 9. Left atrium (h)9. Left atrium (h)► 10. Bicuspid valve (k)10. Bicuspid valve (k) ► 11. Left ventricle (l)11. Left ventricle (l) ► 12. Semilunar valves 12. Semilunar valves ► 13. Aorta (n)13. Aorta (n) ► 14. The body14. The body

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels► Arteries (p 936)Arteries (p 936)

Vessels that carry Vessels that carry blood away from the blood away from the heart, usually oxygen heart, usually oxygen rich, have a thicker rich, have a thicker layer of smooth musclelayer of smooth muscle

(take pulse from artery (take pulse from artery measure of heart rate)measure of heart rate)

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels►AortaAorta

Largest artery in the body, carries blood Largest artery in the body, carries blood directly from the heartdirectly from the heart

►ArteriolesArterioles Very small arteries, lead to capillariesVery small arteries, lead to capillaries

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels► CapillariesCapillaries

Smallest blood Smallest blood vesselsvessels

Very thin Very thin membrane wallsmembrane walls

Actual exchange of Actual exchange of materials occursmaterials occurs

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels► Veins (p 937)Veins (p 937)

Vessels that return Vessels that return blood to the heartblood to the heart

Thinner layer of Thinner layer of smooth musclesmooth muscle

Some have valvesSome have valves► VenulesVenules

Very small veinsVery small veins

Circulation (p 938)Circulation (p 938)► Pulmonary Pulmonary

Carries blood Carries blood between the heart between the heart and lungsand lungs

Only circulation Only circulation where arteries where arteries carry oxygen poor carry oxygen poor blood and veins blood and veins carry oxygen rich carry oxygen rich bloodblood

CirculationCirculation► SystemicSystemic

Carries blood Carries blood between the heart between the heart and all parts of the and all parts of the bodybody

Arteries carry Arteries carry oxygen rich bloodoxygen rich blood

Veins carry oxygen Veins carry oxygen poor bloodpoor blood

CirculationCirculation► Coronary- heartCoronary- heart► Renal- kidneyRenal- kidney►Hepatic portal- liverHepatic portal- liver

Blood PressureBlood Pressure► A measure of the A measure of the

force that blood force that blood exerts on a vessel exerts on a vessel wallwall

► Two measurements- Two measurements- systolic/diastolicsystolic/diastolic

► Systolic- ventricle Systolic- ventricle contractioncontraction

► Diastolic- ventricle Diastolic- ventricle relaxationrelaxation

► Normal = 120/80Normal = 120/80

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System► A network of A network of

vessels that vessels that collects fluid collects fluid (lymph) that is lost (lymph) that is lost by the blood into by the blood into tissues and tissues and returns it to the returns it to the circulatory systemcirculatory system