Izydorczak 1

Unit III B

•Medieval Europe

(Middle Ages)

7/2013

Izydorczak 2

Battle of Tours:

Battle at Tours, France where Christian armies stopped Islam from advancing

into Christian Europe.

7/2013

Izydorczak 3

Moors:Name given to Muslims in Spain (Islam was

spreading into Europe from N. Africa

7/2013

Izydorczak 4

Charles Martel:Christian leader who defeated

Muslim armies at Battle of Tours

7/2013

Izydorczak 5

Charlemagne:Powerful Frankish ruler who built a large

Christian empire in central Europe

7/2013

Izydorczak 67/2013

Izydorczak 7

Feudalism:Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for

loyalty and military service

7/2013

Izydorczak 8

Manorialism:

Economic system of feudalism; Medieval lord’s estate {self-sufficient}

7/2013

Izydorczak 97/2013

Izydorczak 10

Feudal Class System:Rigid class system in Europe during feudalism

7/2013

Izydorczak 11

Lords:

Powerful landowners

7/2013

Izydorczak 12

Vassal:A person owing service to a feudal lords

7/2013

Izydorczak 13

Fief:

Land granted by a lord to a vassal

7/2013

Izydorczak 14

Knights:

Warriors who defended

their Lords lands

7/2013

Izydorczak 15

Chivalry:Behavior code of Medieval knights which stresses discipline, loyalty and respect

To fear God and maintain His ChurchTo serve the liege lord in valour and faithTo protect the weak and defencelessTo give succour to widows and orphansTo refrain from the wanton giving of offenceTo live by honour and for gloryTo despise pecuniary rewardTo fight for the welfare of allTo obey those placed in authorityTo guard the honour of fellow knightsTo eschew unfairness, meanness and deceitTo keep faithAt all times to speak the truthTo persevere to the end in any enterprise begunTo respect the honour of womenNever to refuse a challenge from an equalNever to turn the back upon a foe.

7/2013

Izydorczak 16

Serf:

Peasants bound to land of their feudal lords

7/2013

Izydorczak 17

Clergy:Church officials [Priests, monks,

nuns, bishops, etc..].

7/2013

Izydorczak 18

Tithe

Church tax.

Tynemouth Priory - Late medieval church and graveyard

7/2013

Izydorczak 19

GothicChurch style of architecture in medieval Europe (example: ribbed arches, stain glass windows,

flying buttress, pointed arches, tall spires).

7/2013

Izydorczak 20

Canon Law

Church laws and standards that guided Christians during the Middle ages

7/2013

Izydorczak 21

Interdiction

(Form of punishment) Church punishment, cutting off official church functions, services,

etc., in a particular area.7/2013

Izydorczak 22

Lay Investiture:Appointment of religious officials

(clergy) by kings or nobles.

7/2013

Izydorczak 23

Usury:Appointment of religious officials

(clergy) by kings or nobles.

7/2013

Izydorczak 24

Simony:Practice of selling positions in the church

7/2013

Izydorczak 25

Inquisition:Roman Catholic church court in charge of

investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s.

7/2013

Izydorczak 26

Anti-Semitism:

Prejudice against Jews.

7/2013

Izydorczak 27

Unit III B

•Crusades

(Middle Ages)

7/2013

Izydorczak 28

Crusades:European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern

Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims.

7/2013

Izydorczak 29

Holy Land:Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

7/2013

Izydorczak 30

Seljuk TurksDynasty that controlled Turkey during the 11th and 12th centuries. The Seljuk disruption of European travel to the Holy Lands resulted in the Crusades.

7/2013

Izydorczak 31

Saladin:Muslim leader during the crusaders

who captured Jerusalem, allows unarmed Christians to worship in peace

in the holy land. This deal was struck with Richard the Lionhearted.

7/2013

Izydorczak 32

Commercial Revolution:Economic changes decreasing the role of feudalism and

Manorialism towards systems of capitalism, trade and commerce between the 1000 and 1300. Expansion of

business and trade as agriculture increased.

7/2013

Izydorczak 33

Gentry:Wealthy landowners

7/2013

Izydorczak 34

Guild:Association of artisans and tradesmen formed to protect mutual interests and

maintain standards during Medieval age

7/2013

Izydorczak 35

Hanseatic League:Band of German merchant traders working

cooperatively to protect their trade interests and eventually monopolized trade on the Baltic and

North Seas.

7/2013

Izydorczak 36

Vernacular:

Common, everyday language – not Latin.

7/2013

Izydorczak 37

Bubonic Plague/Black Death:Epidemic during the 13th and 14th centuries killing

millions in China and killing one-third of Europeans

7/2013

Izydorczak 38

Nation-state:An independent nation or country.

7/2013

Izydorczak 39

Common Law:[English Common Law] A unified body of law formed from rulings of England’s royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries

today – like the USA.

7/2013

Izydorczak 40

Magna Carta(Great Charter) A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, Power of

purse to Parliament. Drawn up by nobles and “approved” by King John (1215) **First time a

monarch’s power is reduced.

7/2013

Izydorczak 41

Parliament:

England’s governing body – the legislature.

7/2013

Izydorczak 42

Estates General:The governing body of France (legislature) PRE-

FRENCH REVOLUTION

7/2013

Izydorczak 43

Hundred Years’ War:Conflict in which England and France

battled on French soil over English claims to French lands.[1337-1453]

7/2013

Izydorczak 44

Joan of Arc:French peasant girl who rallied French troops to defeat the English in the Hundred Years’ War –

thus enabling Charles to become king of France.

7/2013