Unit One: GIS Concepts In this unit… ► What is GIS? ► Types of GIS data ► What can you do with GIS? ► ArcGIS 9 license levels ► Basics of the ArcGIS 9

Unit One: GIS Unit One: GIS ConceptsConcepts

In this unit…In this unit…

► What is GIS?What is GIS?

► Types of GIS Types of GIS datadata

► What can What can you do with you do with GIS?GIS?

►ArcGIS 9 ArcGIS 9 license levelslicense levels

►Basics of the Basics of the ArcGIS 9 ArcGIS 9 environmentenvironment

2Unit One – GIS ConceptsUnit One – GIS Concepts

What is GIS?What is GIS?

GIS = Geographic Information GIS = Geographic Information SystemSystem

A A systemsystem for for capturingcapturing managing managing

manipulating manipulating displayingdisplaying analyzing analyzing

spatial dataspatial data



HardwareHardware SoftwareSoftware

DataDataPeoplePeople

ProceduresProcedures



► A Map is a format for presenting dataA Map is a format for presenting data

► Software is a tool to manage dataSoftware is a tool to manage data

► Data is information in digital formData is information in digital form



SoftwareSoftware


What’s Different about GIS What’s Different about GIS Data?Data?

1.1. a location (or geospatial) a location (or geospatial) componentcomponent

2.2. a graphic componenta graphic component

3.3. can connect tabular data to can connect tabular data to map featuresmap features



1.1. Location (Geospatial) Location (Geospatial) Component:Component:

► Latitude & longitudeLatitude & longitude

► X, Y components in a X, Y components in a known geographic known geographic coordinate systemcoordinate system

► A street addressA street address

► A spatial index (!?)A spatial index (!?)



2.2. Graphic (or Image) ComponentGraphic (or Image) Component

A picture or graphic A picture or graphic located in reference located in reference to a known model to a known model of the earth.of the earth.

from ESRIfrom ESRI


What’s Different About GIS What’s Different About GIS Data?Data?

3.3. Can connect tabular data to map Can connect tabular data to map featuresfeatures


Types of GIS DataTypes of GIS Data

1.1. Attribute DataAttribute Data

2.2. Feature DataFeature Data

3.3. Image DataImage Data

4.4. Grid Data, etc.Grid Data, etc.


1. Feature Data1. Feature Data and and Attribute TablesAttribute Tables


Each “Each “RecordRecord” in the table…” in the table…

……Connected to a “Connected to a “FeatureFeature” ” in the “in the “Feature DataFeature Data””


Types of GIS DataTypes of GIS Data2. 2. ImaImagge Datae Data► Does not have discrete Features or AttributesDoes not have discrete Features or Attributes► Can be shown with Feature Data.Can be shown with Feature Data.

Feature dataFeature data

Image dataImage data

(shown on top of)(shown on top of)



2. 2. ImaImagge Data – Examplese Data – Examples

1.1. Aerial PhotosAerial Photos

2.2. Topographic mapsTopographic maps

3.3. Satellite ImagerySatellite Imagery


Feature data types:Feature data types:

►PointPoint►PolygonPolygon►LineLine


Any of these Any of these ““Feature TypesFeature Types” ” can be “layered” can be “layered” over othersover others


► CaptureCapture

► StoreStore

► DisplayDisplay

► QueryQuery

► AnalyzeAnalyze

► OutputOutput

What can you do with GIS?What can you do with GIS?



► Depict reality Depict reality (approximately!)(approximately!)

► Tell a story – Tell a story – make a casemake a case

► Better understand relationships Better understand relationships that might not be obviousthat might not be obvious


how far?how far? how how

deep?deep? how how

long?long? how big? how big?


► Answer questions like:Answer questions like: where should I? where should I? where shouldn’t I?where shouldn’t I? where is an address?where is an address? what’s within?what’s within? what intersects?what intersects?

what’s near?what’s near? what abuts?what abuts? AND MORE!AND MORE! Or any Or any

combination!combination!

► create new data from the create new data from the amazing results of the amazing results of the questions you asked.questions you asked.


ArcGIS License LevelsArcGIS License Levels

ArcGIS License levels limit ArcGIS License levels limit functionality.functionality.

ArcInfoArcInfoArcEditorArcEditor

ArcVieArcViewwMostMost

LeastLeastfeaturesfeatures



ArcViewArcViewfeaturesfeatures

Basics of the ArcGIS Basics of the ArcGIS EnvironmentEnvironment

All licenses contain the same All licenses contain the same components...components...

……components are limited in components are limited in capability based on the license level.capability based on the license level.

ArcCataloArcCatalogg

ArcMAArcMAPP

ArcToolboArcToolboxx



ArcViewArcViewArcCataloArcCatalo

gg


AV 3.x Users: Get used to it!AV 3.x Users: Get used to it!

ArcMAArcMAPP

These three These three components replace components replace (and enhance) (and enhance) AV 3.x featuresAV 3.x features

ArcMap ArcMap = Views & Layouts= Views & Layouts

ArcCatalogArcCatalog = MS Explorer, = MS Explorer, Shapefile ManagerShapefile Manager

ArcToolbox ArcToolbox = Projection Wizard = Projection Wizard extension, Import71 utility, and more extension, Import71 utility, and more

ArcToolbArcToolboxox


ArcMAArcMAPP


ArcCataloArcCatalogg

ArcMAArcMAPP

ArcToolbArcToolboxox

A Quick tour A Quick tour of the ArcMap of the ArcMap workspace.workspace.

Map Map DocumentDocument

Tools Tool Tools Tool bar (docked)bar (docked)

T.O.C. T.O.C. (docked)(docked)

T.O.C. T.O.C. TabsTabs

Display/Layout View SelectorDisplay/Layout View Selector

Title barTitle barMenu barMenu bar

Standard Tool barStandard Tool bar

Draw Tool barDraw Tool barStatus barStatus bar

Edit Tool barEdit Tool bar

Display Display AreaArea



ArcMAArcMAPP

What ArcMap “Is”What ArcMap “Is”

►A virtual environmentA virtual environment Make changes to the way data Make changes to the way data

“looks” “looks”

A Map Document “authoring tool”A Map Document “authoring tool”

►A GIS Data Editor/CreatorA GIS Data Editor/Creator geoprocessing, geoprocessing,

graphical feature editing graphical feature editing

table editingtable editing



““Data FrameData Frame”” Organizes “Organizes “LaLayyersers”” Multiple Data Frames Multiple Data Frames

possiblepossible Yellow iconYellow icon

““LaLayyersers”” RepresentsRepresents

symbolized spatial datasymbolized spatial data Located within Data Located within Data

FramesFrames Use “Use “context menucontext menu” ”

for managing for managing propertiesproperties

Draw in TOC order Draw in TOC order (bottom to top)(bottom to top)

Shown in Shown in the mapthe map

File File system system

infoinfo

Data ReData Reppresentation: the resentation: the T.O.C.T.O.C.



Other things you need to know! Other things you need to know!

This “tools This “tools toolbar”…toolbar”…

… … could gocould go

HEREHEREoror

HEREHEREoror

HEREHERE



Other things you need to know!Other things you need to know!

ArcGIS wants to know about your dataArcGIS wants to know about your data. . Depending on the structure and completeness of your data, Depending on the structure and completeness of your data,

you may get this error message: you may get this error message:

We will learn how to provide this essential information in later We will learn how to provide this essential information in later units.units.

(see Unit Ten – Georeferenced Data)(see Unit Ten – Georeferenced Data)

Other things you need to know!Other things you need to know!



Other things you need to know! Other things you need to know! ► A “A “isible” Layerisible” Layer

► A A “Selected”“Selected” Feature Feature

► A “Selected” GraphicA “Selected” Graphic

► ““Selected” TextSelected” Text

► An “Active” LayerAn “Active” Layer► An “Active” WindowAn “Active” Window

text


Your turn…Your turn…

Chapter 1: Step 1 through 8Chapter 1: Step 1 through 8


Adding Data to the T.O.C.Adding Data to the T.O.C.

““Data FrameData Frame””

““LaLayyersers”” To add a layer, use the To add a layer, use the

“File” Menu“File” Menuoror

Use the “Use the “Standard Tool BarStandard Tool Bar” icon ” icon (much easier!)(much easier!)

To add a data frame, To add a data frame, use the “Insert” menu.use the “Insert” menu.


Context Menus in the T.O.C.Context Menus in the T.O.C.The T.O.C. - a prime The T.O.C. - a prime functionality functionality resource.resource.

You will use these functions You will use these functions in the Unit One exercise.in the Unit One exercise.

►Right-clicking the “Right-clicking the “Active Active LayerLayer” or “” or “DataframeDataframe” opens ” opens a major portion of ArcMap a major portion of ArcMap functionality.functionality.

►ArcGIS relies heavily on the ArcGIS relies heavily on the ““Context MenuContext Menu” – right click ” – right click from just about anywhere to from just about anywhere to get one.get one.


Symbology Shortcuts in the Symbology Shortcuts in the T.O.C.T.O.C.

Change Legend from the TOC Change Legend from the TOC symbolsymbol

Get this when youGet this when you

Right ClickRight ClickGet this when youGet this when you

Right ClickRight Click


Left ClickLeft Click


Left ClickLeft Click

Click the symbol – not the name. This Click the symbol – not the name. This works ANYWHERE you see a legend works ANYWHERE you see a legend

symbolsymbol

Click the symbol – not the name. This Click the symbol – not the name. This works ANYWHERE you see a legend works ANYWHERE you see a legend

symbolsymbol



Chapter 1: Step 9 through 15Chapter 1: Step 9 through 15


Zooming and PanningZooming and PanningZooming changes the “Scale”Zooming changes the “Scale”

Scale BoxScale Box

Scale Box:Scale Box: Reports the scale Reports the scale

of the Display of the Display AreaArea

You can type in You can type in any scale here any scale here and “ENTER”and “ENTER”

Large Scale:Large Scale: Hi level of detailHi level of detail Lo scale numberLo scale number Small areaSmall area

Small Scale:Small Scale: Lo level of detailLo level of detail Hi scale numberHi scale number Large areaLarge area


Zooming and PanningZooming and Panning

The “The “Tools Tool Tools Tool BarBar””

Zoom and pan tools Zoom and pan tools for navigating the for navigating the ““View Display AreaView Display Area”.”.

““Zoom Extents”Zoom Extents”Zoomed to the “Zoomed to the “Full Full

ExtentExtent” of the ” of the largest data set largest data set

(State of NH)(State of NH)



Right-click an Right-click an Active Layer Active Layer

Select “Zoom to Select “Zoom to Layer”Layer”

Zoom to the extent Zoom to the extent of any layer.of any layer.



Other zoom and pan tools are easily understood, and Other zoom and pan tools are easily understood, and their functions are typical. their functions are typical.

Select, then Select, then click & drag click & drag to zoom to to zoom to

a boxa box

IncrementalIncrementalZoomZoom

(step in, (step in, step out)step out)

Zoom BufferZoom Buffer::remembersrememberslast extentslast extents(last, next)(last, next)

Zoom to Zoom to ““Full ExtentsFull Extents””

……and the Panning tool – lets and the Panning tool – lets you “grab” the Display Area you “grab” the Display Area and pan it in any direction.and pan it in any direction.



► ““OverviewOverview” ” windowwindow

►““MagnifyMagnify” ” window window

Two new features in ArcGIS Two new features in ArcGIS are the only two windows are the only two windows listed in the listed in the WWindow menu:indow menu:

Red hashed boxRed hashed box



Chapter 1: Step 16 through ENDChapter 1: Step 16 through END

Documents

Unit One: GIS Concepts In this unit… ► What is GIS? ► Types of GIS data ► What can you do with GIS? ► ArcGIS 9 license levels ► Basics of the ArcGIS 9