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Unit One
Section One
LEAD IN
What does the picture try to convey?
Tell a story about each picture.
What is the interrelationship among them?
Text A
Globalization
Warm-up question
What characterizes the phenomenon of globalization? Do you think the effects of globalization are positive or not?
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• reshape• manufacture• boost• gear• imbalance• collapse• obstacle• harmonious• devastating• withdraw
• undermine• revolutionize• automate• split• host• circulate• phase• interdependence• adverse• transaction
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• reshape 改造；在形成
• If they succeed, then they will have reshaped the political and economic map of the world.
如果他们获得成功，他们将会改变世界的政治和经济格局。
• And most importantly, we must reshape our world so that when an old man falls on the street, any one of us would bend down to help him up.
最为重要的就是：我们要重塑自己的世界观，这样当一个老人摔倒在大街上的时候，我们之中的任何人都会俯身上前将他搀扶起来。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• manufacture 生产 , 制造 ; 制造业
• They manufacture the class of plastics known as thermoplastic materials.
他们生产被称为热塑材料的塑料类制品。
• The equipment is of our own manufacture. 这设备是我们自己制造的。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• boost 促进；增加
• Lower interest rates can boost the economy by reducing borrowing costs for consumers and businesses.
低利率可以通过为消费者和商家降低借贷成本来促进经济发展。
• We need a big win to boost our confidence. 我们需要一个大的胜利来增强我们的自信心。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• gear 使……适合；使……准备好
• Colleges are not always geared to the needs of mature students.
大学并不总是去适应成年学生的需要。
• My training was geared toward winning gold.
我的训练是为赢得金牌去规划的。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• imbalance 不平衡；不安定
• We need to redress that imbalance. 我们需要修正这一失衡。
• Life may not be fair, but when I think about it, more often than not, I’m on the fortunate side of the imbalance. And this moves me to offer the same grace to others.
生活可能并不公平，但是我回想的时候总觉得自己还是处在这个不平衡之中的幸运的那一侧，这更敦促着我以仁慈之心与他人交往。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• collapse 倒塌；暴跌
• A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed. 海湾大桥有一部分坍塌了。
• His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.
他的商业帝国由于债台高筑而瓦解。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• obstacle 障碍，干扰；妨害物
• Most competition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle.
多数赛车在撞到障碍物时都会翻车。
• Overcrowding remains a large obstacle to improving conditions.
过度拥挤仍然是改善条件的一大障碍。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• harmonious 和谐的，协调的；悦耳的
• Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
他们融洽的关系部分来自于他们相似的目标。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• devastate 毁灭，毁坏
• The tsunami devastated parts of Indonesia and other countries in the region.
这次海啸严重破坏了印度尼西亚和该区域其他国家的部分地区。
• The hurricane devastated a large section of the coast.
飓风毁坏了沿海地区的大部分。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• withdraw 撤退；拉开
• He stated that all foreign forces would withdraw as soon as the crisis ended.
他声明危机一结束所有外国军队就会撤退。
• The leader promised to support the plan; you can't withdraw now.
领导已答应支持这项计划，你们不能收回承诺。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• undermine 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基 • The continued fighting threatens to
undermine efforts to negotiate an agreement.
持续的战斗有可能破坏通过谈判达成协议的努力。
• Wild life has undermined his health. 放荡的生活逐渐损害了他的健康。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• revolutionize 发动革命；彻底改革
• The new coal cutter revolutionized the coal industry in the 1980's.
新型割煤机使煤炭工业在 20 世纪 80 年代发生了革命性变化。
• They wanted to revolutionize the whole world.
他们要在全世界发动革命。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• automate 使自动化，使自动操作
• He wanted to use computers to automate the process.
他想用电脑来使流程自动化。
• Many banks have begun to automate. 许多银行已开始采用自动化技术。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• split second 一刹那
• Her gaze met Michael's for a split second. 她与迈克尔目光对视了一刹那。
• For a split second I thought I should let them know why I had to come here, so that they would let me subsist here.
有一瞬间我想也许我应该让他们知道我为什么必须来这里，没准他们会愿意让我在这儿待下去。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• host 许多
• A host of problems may delay the opening of the new bridge.
一大堆问题也许会延迟新建桥梁的开通。
• A host of problems may delay the opening of the Channel Tunnel...
可能推迟英吉利海峡隧道开通的问题一大筐。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• circulate 传播；循环，流通
• Traffic circulates in the streets of a city. 车辆和行人在市内街上川流不息。
• We should often open the windows to allow the air to circulate.
我们应当经常打开窗户以使空气流通。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• phase 阶段；位相
• This autumn, 6000 residents will participate in the first phase of the project.
今年秋季， 6000名居民将参与这项计划的第一阶段。
• The crisis is entering a crucial, critical phase. 危机正进入一个至关重要的决定性阶段。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• interdependence 互相依赖
• However, I have at least a certain degree of awareness of this interdependence.
不过，我至少一定程度上意识到了这种相互依赖性。
• There is, of course, a lot of debate about universities like Yale to the extent in which they promote interdependence-- sorry, they promote positive contact between groups.
当然还有很多人讨论像耶鲁这样的大学 , 在促进人们的互相依赖中所起的作用 -,对不起，是促进群体间的正面接触。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• adverse 不利的；敌对的
• The police said Mr. Hadfield's decision would have no adverse effect on the progress of the investigation.
警方说哈德菲尔德先生的决定对于调查进展不会有任何不利的影响。
• Currently, discrimination because of sex is defined as adverse action against another person, which would not have occurred had the person been of another sex.
如今，性别歧视被定义为做出对另一性别的人的反对行为，如果那个人是相反的性别就不会发生这种歧视了。
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
• transaction 交易；事务
• The transaction is completed by payment of the fee.
交易在支付费用之后就完成了。
• They derived a benefit from that transaction.
他们从那笔交易中获利。
Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What are globalization and its key feature? When did it occur in the world?
Globalization is a phenomenon that the economies of the world have become more interconnected in terms of trade, investment and communication since 1950. Free trade is a key characteristic of globalization.
Answer the following questions briefly.
2. What are the reasons for the growth in trade since globalization?
The growth in trade has been largely caused by dramatic improvements in communication and transport and the adoption of free trade principles across the world, such as removing tariffs on imports and stopping government subsidies to local producers.
Answer the following questions briefly.
3. Why have LDC’s in African and net food-importing countries had little benefit from international free trade agreements?
There are a variety of reasons for this, including the continued subsidization of food production in parts of the developed world and the dependence of LDC economies on commodities rather than manufactured goods and services.
Answer the following questions briefly.
4. What are the solutions advocated by neo-liberal economists and political leaders for the difficulties in the 1980’s and 1990’s?
The solutions included privatizing all state enterprises (including essential services, such as water and electricity), removing all obstacles to foreign investment, lowering taxes, reducing government spending and removing controls on financial institutions including banks.
Answer the following questions briefly.
5. What is the role of information in the course of globalization?
Globalization is also associated with the free flow of information around the world. Rapid advances in information technology have improved productivity in most industries. The way we buy and sell products has also changes dramatically with the emergence of e-businesses.
Answer the following questions briefly.
6. What are the pros and cons of the technologies of information and communication?
Advances in information and communication technologies have produced a host of new jobs. Information about financial transactions can occur in a spit second.
However, the speed of information flow can also present dangers. A small problem in a major bank, enterprise, currency or even nation can quickly turn into a disaster when information about the problem circulates at lightning speed around the world.
Complete the following passage by filling each of the numbered blanks with one suitable word.
• As globalization ___1___ reshapes our world, debates rage about whether the effects of globalization are positive or negative. Since 1955, world trade has grown much faster than the world economy as a whole. World trade in ___2___ goods increased more than 100 times in the 50 years since 1955. Over the past 50 years the ___3___ of free trade have been pursued internationally by the WTO and its predecessor, GATT.
• As well as the free movement of goods, there has also been a dramatic increase in the flow of money around the world. Banks and private investors now hold trillions of dollars of ___4___ invested overseas. While capital flows ever faster and more freely around the world, it can also be stopped very quickly by nervous investors and financial institutions and this can have ___5___ results.
dramatically
manufactured principles
assets
devastating
• Globalization is also ___6___ with the free flow of information around the world. New industries, such as Internet Service Providers, and new forms of employment, such as IT ___7___, have also been created. While advances in information and communication technologies have produced a ___8___ of new jobs, some sectors, have witnessed significant drops in employment due to increased automation or because the enterprises hey work for have not kept up with rapid changes in the global marketplace. The speed of information flow can also present dangers. A small problem in a major bank, ___9___, currency or even nation can quickly turn in to a disaster.
• With globalization the world has become more ___10___ with vastly increased flows of goods, services, finance and information between countries.
interconnected
enterprise
host
specialists
associated
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 通讯及交通运输上的巨大改善促进了贸易的大幅度增长。另外，全球范围的自由贸易准则也功不可没，这其中包括削减进口关税以及停止政府对本地生产制造方提供补助资金。
The growth in trade has been largely caused by dramatic improvements in communication and transport and the adoption of free trade principles across the world, such as removing tariffs on imports and stopping government subsidies to local producers.
2. 由于外国投资者突然从印度尼西亚及泰国撤资，导致亚洲爆发了 1997-1998年的金融危机。相比之下，韩国受到较小程度的影响。由于货币遭受损害，这三个国家的经济均遭到严重的威胁。
This occurred in the 1997-8 Asian crisis when foreign investors suddenly withdrew all their capital from Indonesia, Thailand and to a lesser extent, South Korea, undermining the currencies of each country and seriously
threatening the three economies.
3. 世界贸易新秩序及自动化技术使企业的经营方式发生了革命性的改变，它们不仅能使生产者对生产原材料触手可得，同时还能使他们更及时供给产品到市场中去。
Business practices have been revolutionized by the free flow of information and automating technologies which allow producers to access raw materials just when they need them and supply products in a more timely manner.
4. 我们需要意识到，我们已经迈入了相互依存的新阶段，在这期间可谓牵一发而动全身。
We need to recognize that we are all entering a new phase of interdependence, where an action on one side of the world can create an immediate (and sometimes adverse) reaction on the other side of the world.
LISTENING
Key Vocabulary
1.a 2. g 3. e 4. c
5. h 6. d 7. b 8. f
I. Listen to a brief introduction of what American individualists think
about privacyand fill in the missing words.
1. globalization 2. commercial 3. transcendence 4. transference 5. advantage
6. manufacturing 7. scales 8. interconnecting 9. rehashing 10. communication
II. Choose correct answers for the questions.
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
SPEAKING
Mini-Presentation
• Give a five-minute presentation about your opinions on the merits and shortcomings of globalization. What are the influences brought by globalization in your life and work?
• Use examples and evidence to support your position.
Group Work
• Work in a group to come up with your opinions to describe the pictures below. What do the pictures show and want to express?
Pair Work
Discuss with your partner, and talk about what can be globalized in all walks of life.
Discussion
• Read the following report about the compact of globalization on religion from the voice of America, then discuss the questions below.
• Pope: Globalization Should Not Ignore Spiritual Side
• Thousands of families were in Saint Peter's Square Saturday to receive the pope's blessing on the feast day of the Epiphany. At a morning mass the pope said that religious leaders must stress the spiritual aspect of the globalization debate. Sabina Castelfranco reports from Rome.
• Pope: "The celebration of the Epiphany of the Lord invites us to contemplate Jesus as the divine Savior, the light that guides us on our journey to eternity."
• Thousands of families packed Saint Peter's Square to hear the pope's words. In Christian tradition, the Epiphany marks the day three wise men guided by a star pay homage to the Baby Jesus.
• Earlier, the pope celebrated mass in Saint Peter's Basilica. In his homily, Benedict said the past decades have seen a "challenge to global civilization, where the center can no longer be Europe and not even that which we call the West or the North of the world."
• He added that there is a need to elaborate a new world political and economic order, but, above all, a spiritual and cultural one, a renewed humanism.
• Pope Benedict said that now, at the start of the Third Millennium, the world is in the middle of a phase of human history described as globalization. He said that while politicians, scientists and researchers play important roles in the modern world, it is also necessary that the leaders of the great non-Christian and Christian religions are at their side.
• Pope Benedict will celebrate another mass on Sunday in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. During that ceremony, as is tradition, he will baptize a number of children.
Questions for discussion
1. What is the role played by globalization in spiritual world? Is it the same one in the material world?
2. Could you describe the evolution of globalization according to the Pope? What are the differences between the globalization here and the one mentioned in the text above?
EXTENDED TASK
You’re the Sales Manager of your company. You are going to do a report to analyze the sales performance of the past twelve months. Your report should cover the following points:
1. Draw at least a bar chart or line chart to show the detailed developing trend of the sales in previous 12 months which was badly influenced by globalization.
2. Give a detailed trend description of this chart.
3. Analyze the reasons of this development trend, especially the cons and pros the globalization has.
4. Make a reasonable analysis: what lessons can be drawn from last year’s development?
5. Make a reasonable prospect: how will it develop in the following 12 months and what are you going to propose in order to confront the competition brought by globalization?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
