UNIT – I

1. What is meant by software? Discuss in detail the evolving role of software. OR

Explain the evolving role of software.

2. Discuss in detail various characteristics of software.

3. What is meant by “Software myth”? Discuss on various types of software myths and the true aspects of these myths.

OR

Explain the Software myths

4. Explain in detail various software engineering layers. OR

What do you mean by software Engineering? Explain the software engineering layers.

5. Explain in detail the capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)OR

Explain the process maturity levels in detail.

6. Explain in detail the process patterns with suitable examples.

7. Discuss in detail various characteristics of software.

8. Explain briefly the different categories of computer software available today. Also describe the recent challenges faced by it.

9. With the help of a diagram discuss on software process framework. What are the five generic process frame work activities?

10. Define a task set. List the entities of task set for relatively small and simple project as well as for large and complex software project.

11. Draw the diagram depicting the software process and methods applied for assessment and improvement. Also explain the techniques which are used to access the software process.

_______

UNIT – II

1. With the help of the diagram discuss in detail waterfall model. Give certain reasons for its failure.

2. Write briefly on (a) the incremental model (b) The RAD Model OR

Describe the incremental software development process model.

3. Explain the Spiral model in detail?

4. With the help of the diagram explain the concurrent development modelOR

Describe the elements of concurrent process model.

5. What is meant by unified process? Elaborate on the unified process work products.

6. Discuss the user requirements in detail.OR

Write short notes on user requirements. What is requirements amalgamation?

7. Discuss in detail the system requirements along with locations for requirements specification.

8. Elaborate on software requirements document.

9. What is meant by prototyping? Discuss in detail the Prototyping model?

10. Discuss various phases of the unified process in detail.

11. What are functional requirements of software? Discuss in detail.

12. Discuss the non-functional requirements of software in detail.

13. Explain the structured language specifications in detail. Draw a sequence diagram narrating various consequences during ATM withdrawal.

UNIT – III

1. With the help of diagram depict the requirements engineering process. Also explain the spiral model of requirements engineering.

2. Elaborate on Feasibility studies.

3. Elaborate on requirements elicitation and analysis process.OR

Explain the requirements analysis techniques.

4. Elaborate on requirements discovery and viewpoints.

5. Explain the Ethnography in detail.

6. Elaborate on requirements management.

7. Elaborate on context models.

8. Write short notes on (a) Data flow model (b) State machine model.

9. What are the use cases? Draw the use cases for library system.

10. Draw an interaction diagram for ATM with drawl.

11. List the number of checks which are to be carried out on the requirements in the requirements documents and the number of validation techniques.

12. Explain briefly of requirements reviews.

13. Explain briefly on requirements change management process.

14. Give few examples of types of models essential during the analysis process.

15. Explain the data models with suitable examples also state few advantages of using a data dictionary.

16. Give examples diagram for each of the following:(a) Inheritance Models (b) Object Aggregation (c) Object behavior model.

17. Elaborate on Structured methods.

UNIT – IV

1. Give few characteristics of good design.

2. Illustrate on the following software attributes.(a) functionality (b) Usability (c) Reliability (d) performance (e) supportability

OR

Explain various software quality standards and discuss how to assure them.

3. What are the characteristics of well-formed design?

4. What is architecture? Describe its importance.

5. Discuss briefly on data design at the architectural level and Data design at the component level.

6. Explain (a) Data Centered Architecture (b) Data Flow Architecture with the help of diagrams.

7. What is meant by Archetype? Using a diagram explain few Archetypes.

8. Explain the process of refining the architecture into components with the help of a diagram.

9. Explain how instantiation of the architecture can be developed with the help of a diagram.

10. Write short notes on the following:(a) Abstraction (b) Architecture (c) Patterns (d) Modularity (e) information hiding (f) functional independence (g) refinement (h) Refactoring.

11. What are design classes? What are the types of classes created by the designer?

12. Elaborate on design model.

13. Explain briefly on Data design elements and architectural design elements.

14. Write short notes on interface design elements, component level design elements and deployment level design elements.

15. What are architectural styles? Explain briefly.

16. Write short notes on architectural patterns.

17. With the help of a diagram explain call and return architecture and layered architecture.

18. Explain the following terms with respect to the architectural patterns (a) Concurrency (b) Persistence (c) Distribution

19. Draw the architectural context diagram. Explain different parts used in this diagram.

20. Draw the architectural diagram depicting the safe home security systems.

21. With the help of a diagram explain the process of refining the architecture into components.

UNIT – V

1. Explain in detail the objects and classes along with their notations. Also explain the generalization hierarchy and association models.

2. Write short notes on (a) concurrent Objects (b) system context and models of use.

3. Explain in detail the object identification process.OR

Explain in detail object identification

OR

What is an Object? What are the ways of identifying object?

4. Explain in detail on object interface specification.

5. Explain briefly the design evolution.OR

Explain briefly on design evolution.

6. “Place the user in control” Elaborate.

7. Explain in detail the interface analysis and design models.

8. Explain the User interface design process.OR

What are the goals of the user interface design?

9. Explain the following terms (a) Object oriented analysis (b) Object oriented design (c) Object oriented Programming.

10. Give an example with a diagram depicting the interaction of objects.

11. Explain in detail the object oriented design process. Also give the layered architecture for whether mapping system and sub systems in the whether mapping system.

12. Write short notes on (a) sub systems models (b) Sequence model (c) state machine model.

13. “Reduce the user memory load” Elaborate.

14. “Make the interface consistent” Elaborate.

15. Write short notes on (a) Used cases (b) Task Elaboration (c) Object elaboration with respective user interface design.

16. Write short notes on (a) work flow analysis (b) Hierarchical representation.

17. Elaborate on various interface design steps.

18. With the help of a diagram explain in detail interface design evolution cycle.

________

UNIT – VI

1. Define “Software Testing”. Give few generic characteristics of it.2. Discuss briefly on (a) Verification (b) Validation.3. Explain in detail the unit testing along with unit text procedures.OR

Explain ‘Unit testing’.

4. Explain briefly on integration testing. Discuss on top down integration by specifying different step to achieve it and various critiques encountered during this approach.

OR

Explain top-down integration testing.

5. Write short notes on (a) bottom up Integration (b) Regression testing (c) Smoke Testing.OR

What is meant by bottom-up integration test? Explain how it is implemented?

6. What is meant by system testing? Write short notes on the following with respect to system testing (a) Recovery Testing (b) Security Testing (c) Stress testing (d) Performance testing

7. With the help of a diagram explain the debugging process.8. While correcting an error, what are the important facts to be considered?OR

Describe various consequence of correcting the error.

9. Discuss in detail (a) McCall’s Quality factors (b) ISO 9126 Quality factors.10. Discuss in detail the metrics for testing.11. Discuss overall strategy for software testing also discuss on software testing steps. 12. Explain briefly on software testing strategy for object oriented architecture. 13. Explain the terminating issued of testing.14. List various advantages of using smoke testing on complex time critical software engineering

projects.

15. What is critical module in integration testing and describe its characteristics.16. Describe the following terms with respective validation testing (a) Validation test criteria

(b) configuration review (c) Alpha & Beta Testing.

17. List the reason which leads us to the complexity of debugging.18. Discuss various debugging strategies.19. Discuss briefly on black box and white box testing.20. Discuss in detail on function based metrics.21. Discuss in detail the architectural design metrics.22. Discuss the nine distinct and measurable characteristics of object oriented design. 23. Discuss the class oriented metrics-the MOOD metrics suite.24. Discuss the class oriented metrics-the CK metrics suite.25. Write short notes on (a) component level design metrics (b) Operation Oriented Metrics.26. Write shorts notes on (a) metrics for source code (b) metrics for maintenance.

UNIT – VII

1. Write short notes on the following with respect to software measurement (a) size oriented Metrics (b) function-oriented metrics.

OR

Tabulate the similarities and differences between size oriented, function oriented metrics.

2. Write short notes on (a) Reactive vs. Proactive risk strategies (b) Risks encountered during software development.

3. Explain in detail how risks are identified during software development.OR

What do you understand by risk identification? What are the popular techniques develop for this purpose.

4. Explain briefly on “Accessing risk Impact”.OR

What is meant by risk assessment? What are the different steps to be performed in risk assessment? Explain.

5. Explain in detail the Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and management or RMMM.

6. Write short notes on (a) Object oriented metrics (b) use case oriented metrics.

7. Explain briefly the Web engineering project metrics.

8. Explain the following terms with respect to measuring software quality (a) Usability (b) Integrity (c) Maintainability (d) Correctness.

9. Write short notes on defect removal efficiency.10. List four risks projection steps and explain the process of developing risk tables.11. Explain in detail RMMM Plan.12. Write short notes on Risk Refinement.

UNIT – VIII

1. Explain various activities performed by software quality assurance or SQA group.OR

Discuss about SQA activities.

2. Explain in detail on various aspects of software reviews.

3. Write short notes on the following with respect to formal technical reviews (a) the review meeting (b) review reporting and record keeping.

OR

Discuss in detail about formal technical reviews (FTR) performed by software engineers.

OR

What is formal technical review? Explain how it will assess software design quality.

4. Explain briefly on the following with respect to formal technical reviews (a) Review guidelines (b) sample-driven reviews.

OR

What is formal technical review? Explain how it will assess software design quality.

5. Write short notes on six sigma for software engineering and software reliability.

6. Write short notes on software reliability.

7. Explain briefly on (a) Measures of reliability and availability (b) software safetyOR

Discuss about measure of software reliability and software availability.

8. Write short note on the SQA plan.OR

Explain the software quality Assurance (SQA) plan.

OR

Discuss about SQA activities.

9. Write short notes on (a) Quality (b) Quality control (c) Quality assurance (d) cost of quality.

10. Define Software quality and write about its background issues.

11. List the essential steps to perform statistical software quality assurance. Also provide a generic example to support your justifications.

_________

Objective Question Bank

UNIT – I

1. Which question no longer concerns the modern software engineer?

a) Why does computer hardware cost so much?

b) Why does software take a long time to finish?

c) Why does it cost so much to develop a piece of software?

d) Why can't software errors be removed from products prior to delivery?

ANS: a

2. Today the increased power of the personal computer has brought about an abandonment of the practice of team development of software

a) True b) False

ANS: b

3. Software is a product and can be manufactured using the same technologies used for other engineering artifacts

a) True b) False

ANS: b

4. Software deteriorates rather than wears out because

a) Software suffers from exposure to hostile environments

b) Defects are more likely to arise after software has been used often

c) Multiple change requests introduce errors in component interactions

d) Software spare parts become harder to order

ANS: c

5. Most software continues to be custom built because

a) Component reuse is common in the software world

b) Reusable components are too expensive to use

c) Software is easier to build without using someone else's components

d) Off-the-shelf software components are unavailable in many application domains

ANS: d

6. The nature of software applications can be characterized by their information

a) complexity b) content c) determinacyd) both b and c

ANS: d

7. Modern software applications are so complex that it is hard to develop mutually exclusive category names

a) True b) False

ANS: a

8. The so called "new economy" that gripped commerce and finance during the 1990s died and no longer influences decisions made by businesses and software engineers. (b)

a) True b) False

ANS: b

9. The functionality of most computer systems does not need to be enhanced the lifetime of the system

a) True b) False

ANS: b

10. Change cannot be easily accommodated in most software systems, unless the system was designed with change in mind

a) True b) False

ANS: a

11. Most software development projects are initiated to try to meet some business need

a) True b) False

ANS: a

12. In general software only succeeds if its behavior is consistent with the objectives of its designers.

a) True b) False

ANS: b

13. Which of the items listed below is not one of the software engineering layers?

a) Process b) Manufacturing c) Methods d) ToolsANS: b

14. Software engineering umbrella activities are only applied during the initial phases of software development projects

a) True b) False

ANS: b

15. Which of these are the 5 generic software engineering framework activities? (a)

a) communication, planning, modeling, construction, deploymentb) communication, risk management, measurement, production, reviewingc) analysis, designing, programming, debugging, maintenanced) analysis, planning, designing, programming, testingANS: a

16. Process models are described as agile because they

a) eliminate the need for cumbersome documentationb) emphasize maneuverability and adaptabilityc) do not waste development time on planning activitiesd) make extensive use of prototype creationANS: b

17. Which of these terms are level names in the Capability Maturity Model?

a) Performed b) Repeated c) Reused d) Optimized e) both a and dANS: e

18. Software processes can be constructed out of pre-existing software patterns to best meet the needs of a software project (a)

a) True b) False

ANS: a

19. Which of these are standards for assessing software processes?a) SEI b) SPICE c) ISO 19002 d) ISO 9001 e) both b and dANS: e

20. The best software process model is one that has been created by the people who will actually be doing the work.

a) True b) False

ANS: a

21. Which of these is not a characteristic of Personal Software Process?a) Emphasizes personal measurement of work productb) Practitioner requires careful supervision by the project managerc) Individual practitioner is responsible for estimating and schedulingd) Practitioner is empowered to control quality of software work products

ANS: b

22. Which of these are objectives of Team Software Process? (e)a) Accelerate software process improvementb) Allow better time management by highly trained professionalsc) Build self-directed software teamsd) Show managers how to reduce costs and sustain qualitye) both b and cANS: e

23. Process technology tools allow software organizations to compress schedules by skipping unimportant activities

a) True b) False

ANS: b

24. It is generally accepted that one cannot have weak software processes and create high quality end products.

a) True b) False

ANS: a

_______

UNIT-II

1. Waterfall model is also termed as _________ ANS: linear sequential model

2. Waterfall model process through _________ANS: analysis, design, coding, testing

3. Analysis is specially intended to _________ ANS: understand the nature of the programs.

4. The analyst must understand ___________ANS: Information domain, required functions, behavior, performance, and interface.

5. Design focuses on _________ANS: data structure, software architecture, interface representations, and procedural detail

6. Requirements can be translated in to representation of software using ________ ANS: design

7. Translation of design into a machine-readable form can be done using ______

ANS: coding

8. The testing process focuses on _________of the software.ANS: logical internals

9. Which of the fallowing is the incremental process model?a) RAD model b) Prototype model

c) Concurrent development model d) Spiral model

ANS: a

10. Which combines elements of the waterfall model with the iterative fashion?ANS: The incremental model

11. Each linear sequence in incremental model produces a deliverable _______

ANS: Increment of the software

12. What is the first increment in incremental model ___________

ANS: core product

13. RAD:

ANS: Rapid application development

14. RAD is a ___________

ANS: Incremental software development process model

15. High-speed adaptation of waterfall model ____________

ANS: The RAD model

16. RAD Modeling includes three major phases, what are they?

I) Business modeling ii) Data modeling iii) Process modeling

17. Evolutionary models are ___________

ANS: iterative

18. Which of the following is not evolutionary process model?

a) Prototyping Model b) Spiral Modelc) The Concurrent Development Model d) RAD modelANS: d

19. What are the different frame work activities?

ANS: Customer communication: Planning, Risk analysis, Engineering, Construction, Release & customer evaluation

20. To establishing effective communication between developer and customer, we need?ANS: Customer communication

21. To define resources, timelines, and other project related information, we need? ANS: Planning

22. To assess both technical and management risks we need?ANS: Risk analysis

23. To build one or more representations of the application, we require? ANS: Engineering

24. These are required to construct, test, install, and provide user support? ANS: construction & release

25. These are required to obtain customer feedback based on evaluation? ANS: customer evaluation

26. In spiral model each region is populated by a series of work tasks these called _______ANS: task set

27. The first circuit around the spiral might results?ANS: development of a product specification

28. The objective of the WINWIN spiral model is?ANS: to bring out project requirements from the customer

29. An accurate state of the current state of a project is provided by _______ANS: The Concurrent Development Model

30. Which will draw on the best features and characteristics of conventional software process models?ANS: Unified Process

31. The phases of the unified process are _________________ANS: Inception, Elaboration, Construction Transition and Production

32. The inception phase of the unified process includes __________ ANS: Customer communication and planning activities

33. Elaboration includes _________ANS: The customer communication and modeling activities.

34. The construction phase develops ?ANS: the software components

35. Transition phase includes ?ANS: The latter stages of construction activity and the first part of the deployment activity

36. Functional requirements specify _________ANS: Which outputs should be produced from the given inputs?

37. Nonfunctional requirements define ________ANS: system properties and constraints

38. Nonfunctional requirements can be classified as ________ANS: Product requirements, Organizational requirements, External requirements

39. Product requirements specify thatANS: How delivered product must behave in a particular way

40. User requirements should describe _________ANS: Functional and non-functional requirements

41. System requirements are intended ________ANS: To communicate the functions that the system should provide

42. Requirements document states _________ANS: What the software will do

43. The main purpose of a requirements document is ________ANS: To serve as an agreement between the developers and the customers on what the application will do.

UNIT-III

1. The requirement Engineering is a process used to ______ , ______and ________ system requirementsANS: discover, analyze, validate

2. ___________ decides whether or not the proposed system is useful ANS: A feasibility study

3. `The customers are not completely sure of what is needed' is a _______ type of elicitation problem?a) Problems of scope b) Problems of understandingc) Problems of volatility d) None of the aboveANS: b

4. `The customers specify unnecessary technical detail that may confuse, rather than clarify' is type of elicitation problem?

a) Problems of scope b) Problems of understandingb) Problems of volatility c) None of the aboveANS: a

5. The requirement change over time is ______ type of elicitation problem.

a) Problems of scope b) Problems of understandingc) Problems of volatility d) None of the above ANS: c

6. __________ Categorizes requirements and organizes them into related subsets? ANS: Requirement analysis

7. __________ examines requirements for consistency, and ambiguity?ANS: Requirement analysis

8. __________ examines the specification to ensure that all system requirements have been stated unambiguously so that inconsistencies, omissions, and errors have been detected and corrected?ANS: Requirements validation

9. is a set of activities that help the project team to identify, control, and track requirements and changes to requirements at any time as the project proceedsANS: Requirements management

10. Requirements management begins with ___________ANS: identification

11. Each requirement is assigned a unique identifier that might take the form _________ANS: <requirement type><requirement #>

12. Requirement type `F' _________ takes on values as? ANS: functional requirement

13. Requirement type `D' __________ takes on values as? ANS: data requirement

14. Requirement type `B' takes on values as? ANS: behavioral requirement

15. Requirement type `I' _______takes on values as? ANS: interface requirement

16. Requirement type `P' __________ takes on values as? ANS: output requirement

17. If a requirement identified as `F09' indicates _______ANS: a functional requirement assigned requirement number 9

18. Once requirements have been identified, _______ are developed? ANS: Traceability tables

19. __________ shows how requirements relate to important customer observable system/product features?ANS: Features traceability table

20. _________ identifies the source of each requirement?ANS: Source traceability table

21. __________ indicates how requirements are related to one another? ANS: Dependency traceability table

22. __________ Categorizes requirements by the subsystem(s) that they govern?

ANS: Subsystem traceability table

23. __________ Shows how requirements relate to both internal and external system interfacesANS: Interface traceability table

24. __________ helps the analyst to understand the functionality of the system and models are used to communicate with customersANS: System modeling

25. Different types of model?ANS: Data processing model, Composition model, Architectural model, Classification model,

Stimulus/response model

26. _______ are used to illustrate the boundaries of a system? ANS: Context models

27. _______ are used to describe the overall behavior of a system?ANS: Behavioral models

28. Two types of behavioral model are ________ANS: Data processing models, State machine models

29. ______ Model the system from a functional point of view?ANS: Data flow diagrams

30. _________ Show how the data is processed as it moves through the system? ANS: Data processing models

31. _______show the system's response to different events?ANS: State machine models

32. These are often used for modeling real-time systemsANS: State machine models

33. _________are used to describe the logical structure of data that is processed by the system?ANS: Data models

34. _______ can be implemented using relational databases?ANS: Data models

35. _________ sets out the relationships between these entities and the entity attributes? ANS: Entity-relation-attribute model

36. ________ describe the system in terms of object classes?ANS: Object models

37. Natural ways of reflecting the real-world entities manipulated by _________ANS: Object models

38. Give object models?

ANS: Inheritance models, Aggregation models and Interaction models.

39. _________ organize the domain object classes into a hierarchy? ANS: Inheritance models

40. _________ incorporate system modeling as an inherent part of the method? ANS: Structured methods

41.______ Model the system from a functional point of view?

ANS: Data flow diagrams

42 _________ Show how the data is processed as it moves through the system? ANS: Data processing models

43 _______ show the system's response to different events?ANS: State machine models

44. These are often used for modeling real-time systemsANS: State machine models

45. _________are used to describe the logical structure of data that is processed by the system?ANS: Data models

46. _______ can be implemented using relational databases?ANS: Data models

47. _________ sets out the relationships between these entities and the entity attributes? ANS: Entity-relation-attribute model

48. ________ describe the system in terms of object classes?ANS: Object models

49. Natural ways of reflecting the real-world entities manipulated by _________ANS: Object models

50. Give object models?51.

ANS: Inheritance models, Aggregation models and Interaction models.

50. _________ organizes the domain object classes into a hierarchy?

ANS: Inheritance models

51 _________ incorporate system modeling as an inherent part of the method?

ANS: Structured methods

UNTI-IV

Objective Questions

1. Software design is an iterative process through which requirements are translated into a ______ for the software?

ANS: blueprint

2. ___________ are the design models are required for a complete specification of design?ANS: Data design, Architectural design, Interface design and Component design

3. ___________ will transform the information domain model into the data structures? ANS: Data design

4. _________ defines the relationship between major structural elements of the software?ANS: Architectural design

5. _________ describes how the software communicates within itself, with systems that inter operate with it, and with humans who use itANS: Interface design

6. ___________ transforms structural elements of the software architecture into a procedural description of software componentsANS: component design

7. The quality of the software can be assessed using ________ ANS: design process.

8. Each step in the software process is a refinement in the level of _______ ANS: abstraction

9. A Procedural abstraction is a _______ANS: Is a named sequence of instructions that has a specific and limited Functions

10. ______ is a named collection of data that describes a data object ANS: Data abstraction

11. ______ is the third form of abstraction used in software design? ANS: Control abstraction

12. The synchronization semaphore is the example of which abstraction? ANS: control abstraction

13. Refinement is actually a process of ________ANS: Elaboration

14. ________ enables a designer to specify procedure. _______helps the designer to reveal low-level details

ANS: Abstraction, Refinement

15. Software is divided into separately named and addressable components: ______ANS: module

16. _______ at is monolithic software ?ANS: a large program composed of a single module

17. A program structure represents the organization of program components __________ ANS: Control Hierarchy

18. It is a measure of the number of modules that are directly controlled by another module ____ANS: fan-out

19. A module that controls another module _______ANS: Super ordinate

20. A module controlled by another module is _______ ANS: Subordinate

21. _________will indicate the set of program components that may be invoked or used as data by a given component?ANS: visibility

22. ________ will indicate the set of components that are directly invoked or used as data by a given component?ANS: Connectivity

23. "Modules should be designed so that information contained within a module is inaccessible to other modules" this is the concept of _________ANS: Information Hiding

24. Software with independent modules, is easier to develop because ________ANS: function may be classified and interfaces are simplified

25. _______ is a measure of the relative functional strength of a module?ANS: Cohesion

26. ________ is a measure of the relative interdependence among modules? ANS: coupling

27. Refactoring is __________ANS: A reorganization technique that simplifies the design of component without changing its function or behavior

29. _________ these will define all abstractions that are necessary for human computer interaction?ANS: User interface classes

30. _________ these will identify the attributes and services that are required to implement some element of the business domain?

ANS: Business domain classes

31. _________ lower level business abstraction is implemented by these classes. ANS: Process classes

32. _________these represent the data stores which persist beyond the execution? ANS: Persistent classes

33. _________these classes implement software management and control functions ANS: System classes

34. Design model can be viewed ________ dimensions?ANS: process dimensions and abstract dimension

35. _________indicates the evolution of the design model as design tasks are executed as part of software processANS: Process dimension

36. ___________represents that each element of the analysis model is transformed into a design equivalent and then refined iterativelyANS: Abstract dimension

37. Component elements _________ANS: Describes the internal detail of each software component.

38. _________indicate how software functionality and subsystems will be allocated within the physical computing environment that will support the software.ANS: Deployment elements

39. Structural models _______ANS: Represent architecture as an organized collection of program components

40. Framework models _______ANS: Increase the level of design abstraction by attempting to identify repeatable architectural design frameworks

41. Dynamic models _________ANS: Address the behavioral aspects of the program architecture

42. Dynamic models: ______ ANS: Address the behavioral aspects of the program architecture

43. Process models: ________ANS: Focus on the design of the business or technical process that the system must accommodate

44. Functional models: ________ANS: Functional models can be used to represent the functional hierarchy of a system

45. _________translates data objects defined as part of the analysis model into data structures?ANS: Data design

46. KDD : knowledge discovery in databases

47. In this, a file or database resides at the center of this architecture and is accessed frequently by other components?ANS: Data-centered architectures

48. ______ will decompose function into a control hierarchy

ANS: Main program or subprogram architecture

49. In this ________ the components of main or sub program architecture are distributed across multiple computers on a network?ANS: Remote procedure calls architecture

50. Communication and coordination between components is accomplished via_____ ANS: message passing

51. In this architecture number of different layers is defined, as inner layers, outer layers, intermediate layers ________ANS: Layered architecture

52. These systems use the target system as part of some higher level processing schemeANS: Super ordinate systems

53. These systems that are used by the target?ANS: Subordinate Systems

54. These systems that interact on a peer to peer basis ______ ANS: Peer level systems

55. These entities that interact with the target system by producing or consuming information that is necessary for requisite processing.ANS: Actors

56. _________ is a class or pattern that represents a core abstraction which is critical to the design of architecture for target system?ANS: archetype

UNTI-V

Objective Questions

1. _________a template that specifies the properties for objects? ANS: class

2. ________ is a template, pattern, or blueprint that describes a collection of similar objects?ANS: class

3. _________ represent the basic run-time entities in an 0 0 system? ANS: Objects

4. The only way to access the attributes is _______ANS: To go through one of the methods defined for the class

5. A ______ is a collection of classes, and a ________ is a specialized instance of a class?ANS: super class, subclass

6. An object is an instance of _______ ANS: A class

7. _________is a static model that describes other systems in the environment? ANS: System context

8. Object identification is an ________ ANS: An iterative process

9. Design models show_____ANS: The objects and object classes and the relationships between these entities

10. _________describe the static structure of the system in terms of object classes and relationships?

ANS: Static models

11. _________describe the dynamic interactions between objects? ANS: Dynamic models

12. ________that show logical groupings of objects into coherent subsystems? ANS: Sub-system models

13. _______ that show the sequence of object interactions?ANS: Sequence models

14. ________that show how individual objects change their state in response to events?ANS: State machine models

15. The UML uses _______ for interface specification ANS: class diagrams

16. _________creates an effective communication medium between a human and a computer? ANS: User interface design

17. Golden rules _______ANS: i) Place the user in control ii) Reduce the user's memory load iii) Make the interface

consistent.

18. Different models for interface design _______

ANS: i) Design model ii) User model iii) User's model iv) System image

19. ______includes data, architectural, interface, and procedural representations of the software.

ANS: A design model

20. _______ establishes the profile of end-users of the system?

ANS: The user model

21. ________users don't know the mechanisms of interaction?

ANS: Novices users

22. _________ have a reasonable semantic knowledge of the application

ANS: Knowledgeable, intermittent users

23. ______ have a good semantic and syntactic knowledge

ANS: Knowledgeable, frequent users

24. User's model is a _______

ANS: It is the image of the system that end-users carry in their starting

25. System image provides ______

ANS: Look and feel interface

26. The four frame works of user interface design process----------?

ANS: i) User, task, and environment analysis and modeling ii) Interface design

iii) Interface construction iv) Interface validation

27. _________will define a set of interface objects and actions that enable a user to perform all defined tasks

ANS: Interface design

28. _____ is used to complete the construction of the interface by using user interface tool kitANS: Interface construction

29. User-cases: This describes the manner in which a person acts with the interface.

30. Use case: It is developed to show how an end user performs work related tasks

31. Use case is written in _______ANS: informal style

32. _____ uses an elaborative approach for understanding the human nature.

ANS: Task elaboration

33. In rather than focusing on the tasks, the software engineer examines the use case and other information obtained from the user

ANS: Object elaboration

34. _______allows a software engineer to understand how a work process is completed when several people are involved.

ANS: work flow analysis

35. Work flow can be represented effectively with a _______ ANS: UML swim lane diagrams

36. Design issues of user interface systems?ANS: i) Response time ii) Help facilities

iii) Error information handling iv) Menu and Command labeling

37. _________is measured from the point at which the user performs some control action until the software responds with desired output or action?

ANS: System response time

38. The characteristics of system response time ______ANS: length and variability

39. User frustration and stress is the expected if the length of the system response _______ ANS: increases

40. ________ refers to the deviation from average response time?ANS: Variability

41. Integrated help facility: _______ANS: This reduces the time required for the user to obtain help and increases the

"friendliness" of the interface

42. We use ________ to determine whether it meets the needs of the user ANS: design evaluation

UNTI-VI

Objective Questions

1. The objective of testing is to _________ANS: uncover the errors (defects) in the software

2. Testing begins at the component level and works ________ toward the integration of the

entire computer-based systemANS: outward

3. Verification: _______ANS: It refers to the set of activities which will ensure that software correctly implements a specific function

4. Validation: ________ANS: It refers to a different set of activities that ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to customer requirements

5. Verification and validation encompasses _______ ANS: software quality assurance (SQA)

6. Who will be involving in the software testing?i) Developers ii) Test engineers in ITG(independent test group)

iii) SQA group(Software Quality assurance) iv) All the aboveANS: D

7. ________ will remove the inbuilt problems associated with letting the builder test the thing that has been built

ANS: Independent test group (ITG)

8. ______begins at the vortex of the spiral and concentrates on each unit of the software?ANS: Unit testing

9. _________ focuses on design and the construction of the software architecture?ANS: Integration testing

10. The form of the Poisson execution time model is ________ANS: f (t) = (lip) In [10 pt + 1] (18-1)

11. ________ focuses on the software component or module?ANS: Unit testing

12. _________serve to replace modules that are called by the component to be tested? ANS: Stubs

13. _________is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure and conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing?

ANS: Integration testing

14. In non-incremental integration program structure will be constructed using a ________approach?

ANS: big bang

15. In________the program is constructed and tested in small increments, where errors are easier to isolate and correct

ANS: Incremental integration

16. In _________ incremental approach modules are integrated by moving downward through the control hierarchy?

ANS: Top down integration

17. In Top down integration, Modules subordinate to the main control module are incorporated into the structure in either _______ or _______?

ANS: depth-first, breadth-first manner

18. ________would integrate all components on a major control path of the structure ANS: depth-first integration

19. ________includes all components directly subordinate at each level, moving across the structure horizontally?

ANS: breadth-first integration

20. _________testing, begins construction and testing with components at the lowest levels in the program structure?ANS: Bottom-up integration

21. _________is the activity that helps to ensure that changes that may be occurred due to testing or for other reasons?

ANS: Regression testing

22. Regression testing may be conducted manually, by re executing ________ ANS: capture/playback tools

23. Smoke testing is an integration testing approach that is commonly used when ________software products are being developed?

ANS: shrink wrapped

24. White-box testing, sometimes called ________ ANS: glass-box testing

25. _________is a white-box testing technique? ANS: Basis path testing

26. Cyclomatic complexity, V(G), for a flow graph, G, is defined as, If E is the number of flow graph edges, N is the number of flow graph nodes

ANS: V ( G ) = E - N + 2

27. Cyclomatic complexity, V (G), for a flow graph, G, is also defined as, If P is the number of predicate nodes contained in the flow graph G

ANS: V ( G ) = P + 1

28. Black-box testing, also called _______ ANS: behavioral testing

29. _________enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program?

ANS: black-box testing

30. _________ that describe the properties of a node and that describe some characteristic of a link

ANS: node weights, link weights

31. If, X is required to compute Y, Y is required to compute Z, Therefore, a ________ has been established between X and Z

ANS: transitive relationship

32. Reflexive: Every node in the graph should have a relationship that leads back to Itself

33. Equivalence partitioning is a ________ ANS: black-box testing

34. _________divides the input domain of a program into classes of data and derives test cases based on these partitions?

ANS: Equivalence partitioning

35. _________is a test case design technique that complements equivalence partitioning?ANS: Boundary value analysis

36. Software validation is achieved through a series of ______ ANS: black-box test

37. The configuration review, sometimes called an ________ ANS: audit

38. _________is a system test that forces the software to fail in various ways and verifies that recovery is properly performed?

ANS: Recovery testing

39. _________is to verify that protection mechanism built into a system will in fact protect it from improper penetration?

ANS: Security testing

40. _________is designed to confront programs with abnormal conditions? ANS: Stress testing

41. _________is designed to test run-time performance of software within the context of an integrated system?

ANS: Performance testing

42. ________ is designed to test the installation procedure and its supported software? ANS: Installation testing

43. ________ is the process that results in the removal of the error? ANS: debugging

44. _______category of debugging is meant for isolating the cause of a software error?ANS: brute force

45. _________ In the source code is traced backward until the site of the cause is found? ANS: Backtracking

46. _________is a list of all possible causes is developed and tests are conducted to eliminate each?

ANS: Cause elimination

UNTI-VII

Objective Questions

1. Software metrics can be categorized as ______, ______ ? ANS: Direct measures, indirect measures

2. _________are derived by normalizing quality and productivity measures by considering the `size' of the software that has been produced?ANS: Size-oriented software metrics

3. FP = ______ANS: count total x [0.65 + 0.01 X E (Fi)]

4. A function point extension calledis a superset of the function point measure that can be applied to systems and engineering software applications?ANS: feature points

5. To compute 3D function points, ________relationship is used? ANS: I n d e x = I + O + Q + F + E + T + R

6. Complexity weighted value is computed using the relation ___________ ANS: Complexity weighted value = Ni1 Wi1 + Nia Wia + Nth Wih

7. Function points, feature points, and 3D function points represent the same thing ______delivered by softwareANS: functionality

8. Correctness is _________ANS: the degree to which the software performs its required function

9. Maintainability: _________ANS: The ease with which a program can be corrected if an error is encountered

10. Mean-time-to change (MTTC) _______ANS: time-oriented metric

11. ________measures a system's ability to resist attacks to its security?

ANS: Integrity

12. _________is the probability that an attack of a specific type will occur within a given timeANS: Threat

13. ________is the probability that the attack of a specific type will be prevented ANS: Security

14. Integrity of a system can then be defined as __________ANS: Integrity = summation [(1 - threat) x (1 - security)]

15. _________is an attempt to calculate user-friendliness and can be measured in terms of four characteristicsANS: Usability

16. _________is a quality metric that provides benefit at both the project and process level?ANS: Defect Removal Efficiency

17. DRE is defined as _______ANS: DRE=E/(E+D) (E = number of errors; D= defects found after delivery)

18. The ideal value for DRE is _________ ANS: 1

19. As E increases, the overall value of DRE begins to approach _______ ANS: 1

20. ________ threaten the project plan?ANS: Project risks

21. ________ threaten the quality and timeliness of the software to be produced? ANS: Technical risks

22. ______ threaten the capability of the software to be built?ANS: Business risks

23. ________ are those that can be uncovered after careful evaluation of the project plan?ANS: Known risks

24. ________ are risks that are known from past project experience? ANS: Predictable risks

25. ________ is an efficient attempt to specify threats to the project plan? ANS: Risk identification

26. at is Performance risk ________ANS: The degree of uncertainty that the product will meet its requirements

27. at is Cost risk _______ANS: The degree of uncertainty that the project budget will be maintained

28. ________ degree of uncertainty that the resultant software will be easy to correct, adapt, and enhance?ANS: Support risk

29. ________ degree of uncertainty that the project schedule will be maintained and that the product will be delivered on time?

ANS: Schedule risk

30. Risk projection, also called _________ ANS: Risk estimation

31. _______will rate each risk?ANS: Risk projection

32. Risk factor that has _________ of occurrence should not absorb a significant amount of management timeANS: a high impact but a very low probability

33. Nature of the risk indicates __________ANS: the problems those are likely if it occurs

34. ________ of a risk combines the severity with its overall distribution? ANS: Scope

35. _________of a risk considers when and for how long the impact will be felt?ANS: Timing

36. at is the triplet that was established during Risk Assessment _______ ANS: [r;, l,, x;]

37. For assessment to be useful, _______must be defined?ANS: a risk referent level

38. At a condition-transition-consequence (CTC) will do ________ ANS: refine the risk into a set of more detailed risks

39. The form of CTC is: _______ANS: <Condition> then there is concern that <consequence>

40. Risk management steps can be organized into a separate ________

ANS: Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Management Plan (RMMM plan)

41. Each risk is documented individually using a ________ANS: Risk information sheet (RIS)

42. _________is a problem avoidance activity, _________is a project tracking activityANS: Risk mitigation, Risk monitoring

_________

UNTI-VIII

1. With ________ we are able to compare the standards such as length, color, electrical properties, and flexibility?

ANS: Quality

2. ________ refers to the characteristics of an item that were specified by designer?ANS: Quality of design

3. ______is the degree to which the design specifications are followed during manufacturing?ANS: Quality of conformance

4. _________involves the series of inspections, reviews, and tests used throughout the software process to ensure each work product meets the requirements?ANS: Quality control

5. _________is essential to minimize the defects produced?ANS: The feedback loop

6. ________consists of the checking and reporting functions of management? ANS: Quality assurance

7. _________includes all costs in performing quality-related activities? ANS: Cost of quality

8. _________include the activities like quality planning, formal technical, reviews, test equipment trainingANS: Prevention costs

9. __________include activities like, in-process and inter process inspection, equipment calibration and maintenance, testingANS: Appraisal costs

10. Failure costs may be subdivided into ________ and_________ANS: internal failure costs, external failure costs

11. _________are incurred when we detect a defect in our product? ANS: Internal failure costs

12. _______are associated with defects found after the product has been supplied to the customer?ANS: External failure costs

13. ________address quality by applying solid technical methods and measures, conducting formal technical reviews, and performing well-planned software testing

ANS: Software engineers

14. _______assists the software team in achieving a high quality end product? ANS: SQA group

15. ________ can be used to show the generation and detection of errors during design, and coding steps?

ANS: defect amplification model

16. _________ reflects a growing trend throughout industry to become more quantitative about quality. It implies the fallowing things?