United States History Chapter 2

Europeans Establish Colonies Vocabulary and Study Questions

Let’s Preview Chapter 2 Which statement do you most agree with? A) One group should never interfere with another

group’s culture. B) Groups have something to gain by sharing

cultural resources. C) Groups should only share cultural resources if

both can benefit. D) A group should be able to maintain the

integrity of its culture even in the presence of another group’s culture.

Chapter Sections…. Section One – Spain’s Empire in America Section Two – The French Empire Section Three – England’s Southern Colonies Section Four – The New England Colonies Section Five – The Middle Colonies

Read Witness History aloud on page 33. Question: Will the Mayflower Compact likely lead to a democratic government?

Analyze the Visual on page 33 View and study the visual on page 33.

These people were still aboard the Mayflower before landing in North America.

Question: Why do you think the Compact was signed at this time?

Chapter Focus Question

How and why did Europeans establish colonies in the Americas?

Section 1 Vocabulary Missionary – A person who works to

convert others to their religion. The friars (Catholic missionaries) aimed to

convert Indians to Christianity and to persuade them to adopt Spanish culture.

Section 1 Vocabulary Presidios – forts near the missions. Friars (Catholic missionaries) were not a

fierce to Natives as conquistadors, but they were very demanding requiring Natives to surrender their traditions for Christian beliefs and Spanish ways.

Friars relied on Spanish soldiers who lived in presidios to enforce these rules.

Section 1 Vocabulary Viceroy – person who was appointed by the

Spanish crown to govern or rule immense regions of the American empire.

These areas were called viceroyalties. The Spanish viceroyalties of New Spain were

Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands.

The viceroyalties of Peru were South America except Portuguese Brazil.

Section 1 Vocabulary Mestizos – children of mixed Spanish and

Indian ancestry.

Section 1 Vocabulary Hernando de Soto – Spanish conquistador

who in 1539 led his soldiers into present day Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.

Searching for riches and finding none, he and his conquistadors massacred Indian villages, ravaged fields, emptied storehouses and burned towns.

Section 1 Vocabulary Francisco Vasquez de Coronado –

marched north from Mexico into the Rio Grande Valley in 1540. Coronado crossed the Great Plains to Kansas.

Coronado was led here by the Pueblo Indians who told them of riches and gold, but they were angered when they found none and returned to the Rio Grande Valley and took bloody revenge on the Pueblos.

Section 1 Vocabulary Pedro Menendez de Aviles – in 1565 he

attacked and captured the French Protestant base in present day Florida to keep the French out.

De Aviles then founded the fortified town of St. Augustine, which became the first enduring colonial town within what would later become the United States.

Section 1 Vocabulary Pope’ – a Pueblo shaman (priest or leader)

whom the Pueblo people revolted against in 1680 because he urged a return to the traditional Pueblo culture and religion.

Read Pope’ on page 39.

Section 1 Study Question Factors that enabled the Spanish to conquer the

Native Americans were: Superior weaponry-guns/horses provided the Spanish with and

important military advantage over the Native Americans. Alliances forged with certain Native American groups who helped

the Spanish defeat other Native Americans. European diseases wiped out a large amount of Native Americans. The Spanish belief in superiority of their culture and religion allowed

them to impose their own way of life on the Native Americans.

Section 1 Study Question The large population that resulted because

of Spanish and Native American intermarriages were called Mestizos.

The Spanish maintained control over American colonies by establishing a network of presidios (forts) forcing indigenous populations to adopt Spanish culture and religion, which set up a racial hierarchy and intermarrying.

Section 1 Study Question The system that was abolished by the

Spanish monarchy was the encomienda system. It was abolished because the system brutally exploited Native Americans. In this system Native Americans were forced into slave labor on farms, ranches, or in mines. Later the Spanish turned to Africans for slave labor.

Section 1 Study Question The Spanish explored and colonized New

Mexico and Florida in the 1600’s looking for gold. They colonized the area to form a defensive zone to keep other Europeans away from New Spain.

Pope’ was a Pueblo Indian religious leader who did not like the Spanish. He led a rebellion against them. (Pope’s Rebellion)

Section 1 Study Question Pope’s Rebellion was a rebellion of the Native

Americans against the Spanish which resulted from Pope’ being angered by the Spanish way of life (disease, famine, and violence).

This uprising drove the Spanish out of Santa Fe, New Mexico for 12 years.

Native Americans destroyed Spanish churches (congregacions) and executed Spanish priests because Native Americans were forced to pay tributes to them.

Section 1 Study Question Those Native Americans who did not pay

their tributes or caught practicing their native religion were badly abused physically.

The Spanish did return after the 12 year period, showing and using greater restraints against the Native Americans.

Section 2 Vocabulary Northwest Passage – a water route to Asia

through the cold waters of present day Canada. French explorers were more interested in finding

this passage than in establishing colonies. The French probed the eastern coastline of North

America from North Carolina to Newfoundland. This area that was explored by Jacques Cartier

was named New France by the French king.

Section 2 Vocabulary Quebec – the first permanent European

settlement in Canada. Quebec was founded in 1608 when a

French company built a fortified trading post along the St. Lawrence River.

Section 2 Vocabulary Samuel de Champlain – French explorer

who founded of Quebec when he began exploring in 1603.

He also mapped out the Great Lakes. He befriended the Huron Native American

tribe helping them to fight against the Algonquin tribe in which he was defeated and wounded.

Section 2 Vocabulary Coureurs de bois – the process of

surviving and prospering in an Indian world. The French had to adopt some of the Indians’ ways.

Metis – children that resulted from the intermarriage of the French and Native Americans.

Section 2 Study Question The Northwest Passage was a water route

to Asia through the cold waters of present day Canada. The French probed the eastern coastline of North America from present day North Carolina to Newfoundland.

Section 2 Study Question France’s American colonies differed from

Spain’s in that the French settlements reflected the beneficial relationship that developed between the Native Americans and the French who required the Natives cooperation to carry on the fur trade.

Section 2 Study Question Good relations with Native Americans were

important to French fur traders because Native Americans caught the plentiful animals and traded the valuable skins with the French.

Section 2 Study Questions The first permanent French settlement was

Quebec where the French built a fortified trading post along the St. Lawrence River in 1608. This settlement was founded by Samuel de Champlain, who traded furs/ animals skins with Native Americans.

Section 2 Study Question New France attracted few settlers because

of the dense forests, the relatively harsh climate, and fear of Native American raids.

Why English Settlers Come to America?

Land

Freedom of Assembly

Freedom of Religion

New Beginning

Section 3 Vocabulary Charter – a certificate of permission from

the king. A charter was obtained by wealthy

gentlemen from southwestern England. Some of these men were Sir Walter Raleigh, English patriots and Protestants who wanted to advance their fortunes and increase the power of England.

Section 3….. These men promised that an

American colony would solve England’s problems.

What were England’s problems? A growing population and increased

poverty due to a stagnant economy.

Section 3 Vocabulary Joint Stock Company – a business

venture founded and run by a group of investors who were to share in the company’s profits and losses.

With this charter, Raleigh tried twice to colonize *Roanoke, a small island on the North Carolina coast

Section 3 Vocabulary Headright System – a system in which

anyone who paid for passage to Virginia or who paid for another person’s passage received 50 acres of land.

The Headright System enabled the wealthiest colonists to acquire large populations.

Section 3 Vocabulary House of Burgesses – The Virginia

Company also granted political reforms. In 1619, the company allowed planters to create the House of Burgesses or the first representative body in colonial America.

The House of Burgesses had the power to make laws and raise taxes.

Section 3 Vocabulary After the king took over Virginia in 1624 making

it a royal colony, the English developed two types of colonial governments: royal and proprietary.

Royal Colony – these colonies belonged to the Crown.

Proprietary Colony – these colonies belonged to powerful individuals or companies.

Royal ColoniesGoverned directly by the King of England through an

appointed royal governor.

Proprietary Colonies

Colonies granted to a group of private owners

for development.

Section 3 Vocabulary Virginia Company – a corporation of great

merchants that was based in London. Functioned much like the joint-stock

company and between 1607 and 1622, the company transported about 10,000 people to the Jamestown colony, but only 20% of them would still be alive in 1622.

Section 3….. By 1616 the Virginia Company had spent

more than 50,000 English pounds and only had 350 diseased, hungry, and unhappy colonists to show for it.

The Virginia Company saved the colony of Jamestown by allowing the colonists to own and work land as their private property.

Section 3 Vocabulary (add) Jamestown – first discovered on May 13,

1607 and was established as the first permanent English settlement in America.

Jamestown was a fort that met the challenges of:

Searching for gold that wasn’t there Refusing to farm to provide food for

themselves.

Jamestown Indian attacks to prevent colonists from

taking their land and food Suffering from disease and malnutrition Many colonists died within the first seven

months of settlement.

Section 3 Vocabulary John Rolfe – led the colonists in learning

how to cultivate tobacco in 1616. Rolfe created a rare strain of tobacco by

mixing seeds of different types of tobacco. He named it orinoco.

Orinoco tobacco became very popular for smoking by the English.

Section 3 Vocabulary John Rolfe married Pocahontas. Pocahontas – daughter of the Native

American leader in the Jamestown colony, Powhatan.

Pocahontas was converted to Christianity and renamed Rebecca.

Section 3 Vocabulary John Smith – sea captain who was a

colonist that emerged as a strong leader. Under his and John Rolfe’s leadership,

Jamestown grew because they forced the colonists to work hard.

Smith was instrumental in establishing trade with the Indians.

Section 3 Vocabulary Nathaniel Bacon – a Virginia planter who led a

rebellion against the Virginia governor, William Berkeley.

Bacon and his follower’s revolted (Bacon’s Rebellion) as a result of heavy taxes being imposed on farmers and because Berkeley would not allow the planters and settlers to completely exterminate the Native American population in the Potomac Valley.

Bacon and his followers drove out the governor and burned the town.

Section 3 Vocabulary Lord Baltimore – the owner and proprietor

of the Maryland colony. Maryland was established by the English

King James. He named it in honor of Mary, his queen.

James’ son Charles gave Maryland to Lord Baltimore.

Lord Baltimore Baltimore founded this colony as a colonial

refuge for his fellow Catholics, who were discriminated against in England by the Protestant majority.

Section 3 Vocabulary James Olgethorpe – the founder of the

Georgia colony. In 1732 Georgia was began as a proprietary

colony intended to protect South Carolina against Spanish Florida.

The colony was led by Oglethorpe and was set up as a haven for English debtors, who had been jailed because they could not pay their debts.

James Oglethorpe Oglethrope set strict rules for colonists in the

Georgia colony. Colonists: Could NOT drink alcohol Could NOT own slaves and had to work their own land Could NOT own large plantations

Colonists became angry by these rules and the trustees surrendered the charter which made Georgia become a royal colony in 1752.

Section 3 Study Questions & Notes The Southern Colonies Virginia (1607) Maryland (1632) North Carolina (1670) South Carolina (1670) Georgia (1732)

Section 3 Study Question The Joint-stock company consisted of a group

of investors who put their money together to fund trips to the New World with hopes of sharing in the company’s profits and losses from the expected raw materials found.

This arrangement would make it possible to fund ventures that were too expensive to be financed by an individual and would also spread the risk among a number of investors.

Section 3 Study Question John Smith was known as “the savior of the

area”. He was a self proclaimed soldier of fortune, a sea captain, and a poet.

He saved Jamestown by encouraging the colonists to farm for survival.

With the help of Smith’s leadership, the production of tobacco became a profitable crop for the small English settlement of Jamestown.

Section 3 Study Question The settlers in Jamestown directed most of

their time to finding gold. (dig gold, wash gold, load gold, etc.) They came to North America to find wealth. They had little interest of promoting the welfare of the colony. They were not prepared to start a colony and all the first settlers were men.

Section 3 Study Question The first English colonies in North America were

set up in hopes of achieving financial gain (finding gold and other riches) for investors (joint-stock companies). These colonists came to the New World to make a profit for the Virginia Company.

Many colonists refused to farm, clean their bodies, and take care of their food causing malnutrition and diseases.

Section 3 Study Question Jamestown finally became productive when

they started to produce tobacco = brown gold. Tobacco a cash crop that colonists could sell at a profit. John Smith (leader of the colony) helped to encourage the growth of tobacco.

Section 3 Study Question Each new arrival received 50 acres of land

and another 50 acres for each family member.

The Virginia Company would give land with hopes of having more settlers to live in Jamestown. This extra number of settlers would allow for an increase in tobacco production and profit.

Section 3 Study Question The purpose of the House of Burgesses

was that is was the first representative body in colonial America. It included two burgesses or citizens from each of Virginia’s 11 districts. The House of Burgesses began a strong tradition of representative government in the English colonies.

Section 3 Study Question The government of Virginia differed from

the Spanish and French governments because Virginia was allowed to set up a representative called the House of Burgesses, which could raise taxes and make laws.

Section 3 Study Question The difference between the English settlers and

Powhatan’s people was lukewarm and poor. The English fought the Native Americans and drove them out of Virginia.

As more and more settlers arrived in Jamestown, relations between settlers and Powhatan’s people worsened.

The colonists stole land from Powhatan’s people, leading the natives to harass the settlers by killing their livestock and destroying their farms.

Section 3 Study Question A royal colony is one which was taken

control of by the king. In 1624, King George revoked the charter

of the Virginia Company and made Jamestown a royal colony.

This allowed for more British soldiers and settlers to come Virginia and strengthen the colony.

It also allowed them to be present to fight against/conquer the Powhatan People.

Section 3 Study Question Nathaniel Bacon was a 29 yr. old wealthy farmer that came to

the settlers rescue. He protested the Virginia government in defense of poor settlers.

The rebellion started because of the sympathy Bacon had for the English who were facing problems. Bacon led a rebellion against the governor of Virginia due to the poor treatment of poor settlers. Poor settlers resented being taxed and ruled without their consent.

The governor, William Berkeley showed favortism towards the wealthy by levying heavy taxes on the poor and failed to support removal of the Native Americans from the land they farmed.

Section Three Study Question The Georgia Colony was established as a

haven for those imprisoned for debt. The colony was named by James Oglethorpe in honor of King George II.

Although few settlers came, Oglethorpe’s policies included: no drinking of alcohol (rum) and no ownership of slaves.

New England Colonies

•Massachusetts

•New Hampshire

•Rhode Island

•Connecticut

Massachusetts Bay Colony John Winthrop was the first governor and wanted to promote the colony as a model

society.

“City Upon a Hill”

The Puritan’s views and attitudes led them to promote the idea of a “Model Society” meaning hard work and a good work ethic would lead to rapid growth and success of the New England colony. Every

colonist would have the same common goals and lead by example. Also each would be able to worship as they chose.

Religious Dissent

Disagreement with the Anglican Church that led many New England colonists to come to the New World in search of religious freedom and to escape religious persecution.

Pilgrims (Separatists) Established a colony at Plymouth,

Massachusetts in

1620.

Puritans Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Religious group that settled New England in

hopes of establishing their own community built on "pure biblical teachings" rather than Anglican traditions.

Separatists (Puritans who broke away from the Anglican church), known as Pilgrims. They felt it was impossible to reform to the Church of England from within so they wanted to separate from the Anglican church.

The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England anything that was of Catholic values in their church. This was due to them being persecuted in England. They traveled to the New England territory in the New world.

THE PURITANS WANTED TO ESCAPE RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION ESCAPE POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC TURMOIL IN ENGLAND

Mayflower Compact (1620) Signed by the Pilgrim men aboard the Mayflower;

recognized the people as the source of power (in theory)

could often be very authoritative, dictating to colonists what

the rules of their society would be. A civil type of

government that pledged loyalty to the King (of England).

The purpose of the government in America would be to

frame “just and equal laws” for the general good of the

colony. Later, this document

became the landmark

of American democratic

government.

Government formed Town MeetingsIt was a representative form of government (in which only

stockholders/landowners, all adult males who belonged to

the Puritan church could vote), featuring an assembly, a

governor, and a deputy governor who were all elected by

the Puritan men in the colony.

Meetings in colonial New England where local,

tax-paying citizens, would meet to discuss and

vote on issues.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Religious dissenters who left Massachusetts

over disagreement with Puritan church leaders and who played key roles in founding Rhode Island.

Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

Roger Williams was a preacher that spoke out against some of the religiouspractices in the Massachusetts Bay colony. He believed everyone should be free to worship. He also believed the Puritan’s had no right to the land unless they purchased itfrom the Native Americans. The Puritan leaders ordered that Williams be arrested. Williams left and founded Providence, Rhode Island; a haven for religious dissenters where religious freedom is guaranteed.

Providence guaranteed: separation of the church and state and religious freedom.

Anne HutchinsonA Separatist who spoke out against the Puritan beliefs by stating one could “interpret the bible for themselves”. This encouraged many people to refrain from attending daily church gatherings. She was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, so she settled in Rhode Island and founded the town of Portsmouth.

Thomas Hooker

Leader who disagreed with church leaders in

Massachusetts and established Connecticut.

Conflict between Pequot and Puritans

The colonists wanted to keep moving west. Their first conflict arose with the Pequot Nation. The Pequot people lived east of the Connecticut river.

The Pequot war results in all of the following: 1-virtual elimination of the Pequot nation (5/400 lived)

2-extreme violence on the part of English colonists 3-cooperation between English colonists and Native

American allies 4-resulted in victory for the puritans

Land Treaties (Agreements to share, not own the land) Native Americans saw land treaties with Europeans as agreements in which they received gifts such as blankets, guns, iron tools, or ornaments in return for which they agreed to share the land for a limited period of time.

The Wampanog Chief Metacom organized an alliance because they had very different views, religious beliefs, and interpretationsof land treaties from the Puritans. These negative views were displayed on both sides (Wampanog and Puritans).

King Philip’s WarWar between Native Americans and white settlers

in New England that resulted in settlers gaining

firmer control over the region.

KING PHILLIP’S WAR (cause and conflict)

Wampanoag and Puritans had very different views: the influx of settlers as well as the Puritan intolerance for religious dissent led to the destruction of the

Wampanoag way of life.

They fought back by starting King Phillip’s War in 1675; Chief Metacom led several tribes in King Phillip’s War.

This war resulted in Colonial victory (destruction of 16 colonial villages; the death of about 1/10 of the colonial men of military age); many Wampanoag casualties (due to surrender because of Native American casualties, European diseases, and famine); and end of Native American power in southeastern New England.

1. The name given to the 16th century religious movement that was critical of the Roman Catholic Church was

A. Counter Reformation C. Catholic ReformationB. Protestant Reformation D. Scientific Revolution

2. The name Puritan came from this group’s desire toA. Lead pure lives.B. Build a model and new society.C. Shelter its members from the influence of outsiders.D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church

of England.

3. What impact did the old Puritan faith have on New England?A. It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial

New England.B. It led to the establishment of New Amsterdam.C. It defined religion and government in the region.D. It led to King Philip’s War as an attempt to end religious dissent.

 

D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church of England.***

A. It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial New England.

B. Protestant Reformation***

4. This was a civil type of government that pledge loyalty to the King in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

A. U.S. Constitution C. Plymouth RockB. Mayflower Compact D. Bill of Right

 5. Roger Williams, a strict separatist founded the town of

A. Portsmouth, RI C. Providence, RIB. Wethersfield, RI D. Boston, MA

6. Anne Hutchinson and a few followers settled on an island Rhode Island later called A. Boston C. Philadelphia

B. Providence D. Portsmouth

7. This war between the colonists and Native Americans in Connecticut led to virtual elimination of the Native American group called  A. Wampanoag C. Pequot

B. Powhatan D. Pueblos

B. Mayflower Compact***

C. Providence, RI***

D. Portsmouth***

C. Pequot***

8. The following describe what group of settlers in colonial North America

· religious dissenters · social conformity· belief in hard work · New England

A. Catholics C. Puritans B. Quakers D. Amish

9. The Mayflower Compact was unique because itA. was the foundation for the Declaration of Independence.B. allowed black colonists freedom centuries before emancipation.C. was the first example of colonial European self-government in

northeastern North America.D. established the precedent of freedom of religion in the southern

colonies of North America.

10. In 1636, Roger Williams was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and founded Rhode Island, because he supported A. women's suffrage. B. the abolition of slavery. C. a separation of church and state. D. westward expansion of the colonies.

C. Puritans

C. a separation of church and state.

C*****

Middle Colonies

British colonies consisting of New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

DutchEuropeans from the Netherlands who founded

New Amsterdam. In 1621, Dutch government

granted the newly formed Dutch West India

Company permission to colonize New Netherland

and expand the thriving fur trade.

Ethnic diversity and religious tolerance resulted in generally good relations with the Native Americans.

New AmsterdamEstablished in 1625 by the Dutch, it became the

Key trading post at the mouth of the Hudson

River. New Amsterdam was the capital of the New Netherland colony.

New YorkEnglish name given to New Amsterdam after

the English took the city from the Dutch.

In 1664, King Charles II seized control of the New Netherland colony (which included New Amsterdam) and granted all the land from Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to his brother James (Duke of York). This was done due to the Dutch’s unfriendly relationship with the English king who took over the colony (he was blamed for separating the northern and southern colonies).

NEW JERSEYNew Jersey was formed due to the Duke of York giving a portion of theland to two of his friends and naming the territory New Jersey for the British island of Jersey. New Jersey was the southern part of New York.

William PennFounder of the Pennsylvania colony. He committed himself to the “Society of Friends, or Quakers”; a Protestant Sect whose religious andsocial beliefs were radical for the times.

QuakersA religious group did not recognize class

differences, promoted equality of the sexes,

practiced pacifism (non-violence), and sought

to deal fairly with Native Americans. They believed that God’s “inner light” burned inside

everyone.

QUAKER VS PURITAN BELIEFs

QUAKERbelieved in an “inner light” and respect for self-

conscience to understand the Bible; practiced freedom of speech, religious tolerance allowed, and no ministers. They also considered women the spiritual equals of men.

PURITANSwanted to purify the Anglican church and no

religious tolerance; build a model society and hadministers.

BOTH GROUPS BELIEVED IN A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE WITH GOD

CHARACTERISTICS OF PENNSYLVANIA

**The idea of equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance.**They held services without formal openings allowing any

other person to speak as the spirit moved them.**Dress plainly, refused to defer to any person of rank.**Refused to serve in the military.

PENNSYLVANIA “HOLY EXPERIMENT”

Penn saw his colony as a holy experiment because it was a place that guaranteed religious and political freedom for its inhabitants (without a land owning aristocracy). Penn guaranteed every adult male settler 50 acres of land and the right to vote.

His plan for government called for a representative assembly and freedom of religion.

PENN AND THE NATIVE AMERICANS

**Very friendly relations with the Native Americans.**Penn desired to gain respect and friendship (Penn/Native Americans)**He paid the Native Americans for land; regulated trade with the Native Americans; established a court to settle differences for more than 50 years.

All resulted in no major conflicts with the Native Americans.

Half-Way CovenantCovenant adopted by the Puritan church that

established partial membership in the church for

the children and grandchildren of full members

regardless of any conversion experience.

Salem Witch TrialsDark period in Puritan history in which severalpeople in Salem, Massachusetts were tried aswitches and executed (19 hanged, 4 died in jail,

and over 150 spent time in jail.)

Salem Witch Trials: 19 people were condemned to hanging by other Puritans.

UNDERLYING CAUSES OF THE SALEM WITCH HUNTS

The strict limitations of women’s roles, combined with social tensions. The strained relationship with Native Americans and religious fanaticism lay behind the witch hunts.

FACTORS LED TO WITCHCRAFT TRIALS IN SALEM

The Salem girls accusing Tituba (West Indian woman) of practicing witchcraft. The constant fear of Native American attacks encouraged preoccupation with violence and death. These accusations drew a great deal of attention and sparked widespread hysteria.

The accusations highlighted social and religious tensions. Many of the accusers were poor residents who brought witchcraft charges against richer residents.

1. Which of the following regions would have featured the most diversity during the late 1600s and 1700s?

A. New England C. JamestownB. Mid-Atlantic D. Southern

2. What did the Dutch name their major settlement located on Manhattan Island?

A. New York C. PennsylvaniaB. North Carolina D. New Amsterdam

3. The Hudson River Valley regions were claimed by the Dutch East

India Company and calledA. Virginia C. New NetherlandB. Dutch property D. New York

4. This colony was given to William Penn by King Charles II as a debt owed to Penn’s father.

A. Connecticut C. PennsylvaniaB. Delaware D. Virginia

B. Mid-Atlantic

D. New Amsterdam

C. New Netherland

C. Pennsylvania

5. The terms below are associated with what colonial North American region?

· religious Quakers· Catholics tolerance· flexible social structure

A. New England C. West Indies B. Middle Colonies D. Southern Colonies

6. The mid-Atlantic colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn PRIMARILY because of his

A. desire to have a government in which all citizens could participate.

B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant colony.

C. failure to successfully take power in Massachusetts Bay Colony.D. loss in the war with the Dutch for control of New

Amsterdam.

B. Middle Colonies

B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant colony.

7. Increase Mather (Puritan Minister who helped innocent Puritan girls) led the call to end A. ties to Great Britain in 1776. B. the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials. C. the taxation of the English colonies by Parliament. D. trade with England after the USS Chesapeake incident

8. Which of these colonists insisted that the Native Americans be paid for their land? A. William Penn & Roger Williams C. John Winthrop & Roger Williams B. John Winthrop & William Penn D. Roger Williams & John Smith 

9. Attempts to escape religious persecution were key factors in the original settlement of which American colonies A. South Carolina & Georgia C. Virginia & New York B. Pennsylvania & Maryland D. North Carolina & New Jersey

B. the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials.

A. William Penn & Roger Williams

B. Pennsylvania & Maryland

10. Which of these BEST explains the reason for African slaves being brought into the British colonies in Southern North America in the 17th century? A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor. B. Northern colonial governments considered slavery immoral. C. Southern colonies refused to use Indians as forced labor. D. Industrial factories in the north did not need slave labor.

11. The cities of New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia began to flourish in the late 17th century because of what economic activity?

A. trading C. slavery B. rice farming D. tobacco farming

12. The differences in the economic development of the mid- Atlantic, New England, and Southern colonies can BEST be attributed to the

A. customs of the immigrants.B. geographic conditions there.C. level of the education of their citizens.D. differences in their colonial governments.

A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.

A. trading

B. geographic conditions there.