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UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INFORMATION SHARING TOWARDS SPATIALLY ENABLED LAND
ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA
ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
FK 2013 35
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR INFORMATION SHARING TOWARDS SPATIALLY ENABLED
LAND ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA
ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
2013
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INFORMATION SHARING TOWARDS
SPATIALLY ENABLED LAND ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA
By
ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
July 2013
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COPYRIGHT
All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holders. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia
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DEDICATION
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to my wife Hajjah Norhabibah
binti Haji Abu Bakar; my daughter Nur Ismahani, Nur Insyirah, Nur Iffah
and Nur Izzah; and my son Nur Muhammad for giving me continuous spirit
especially in moral and mental support and love as a one family forever.
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Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INFORMATION SHARING TOWARDS
SPATIALLY ENABLED LAND ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIA
By
ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
July 2013
Chair : Associate Professor Abdul Rashid bin Mohamed Shariff, PhD
Faculty : Faculty of Engineering
The land administration activities related on land tenures, land values and
land use towards computerised system aims to improve the land
administration information sharing. Meanwhile, that activities need towards
2nd generation of spatial data infrastructure (process based model involve
knowledge infrastructure, information sharing and more coordination). Non-
technical integration issues such as institutional, legislation and jurisdiction,
structure and cultural human resources management practices, land
information delivery services, and cross-government collaboration model
also play an important role in information sharing. These issues have turned
out to be the main problems in land administration information sharing
between multiple level of government land administration agencies and also
in countries with multiple level of government administration (federal, state
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and local). The idea is to implement the spatial data infrastructure concept to
reduce issues of information sharing and produce better decision making
towards spatial enabled land administration. This research chooses the
qualitative method (interpretive research with ethnographic approach) and
involves interview, observation and questionnaire. Analysis (with frequency
statistic analysis and likert scale analysis) of the relevant issues in land
administration information sharing practices with spatial data infrastructure
was done. The targeted respondents were land administration (land use,
land value and land ownership) government staff involved in the land
administration information application and sharing practices. The major
contribution of this research is the proposed Integrated Land Administration
Information Sharing (ILaIS) model. Integrated with the capability
information system, cooperation and steering committee, legislation and
jurisdiction also spatially enabled land administration in ILaIS model is very
helpful for land administrative purpose in the multiple level of government
administration. The research findings based on the Delphi Method to
validating the research contribution could act as a guideline for the making
of policy, strategy and management for current land administration
information sharing between the multiple level of government land
administration agencies. It can modify the current policy and management
strategy for greater effectiveness and efficiency; help to improve the
integrated capability of information systems towards spatial enabled land
administration.
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Abstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia Sebagai memenuhi keperluan untuk Ijazah Doktor Falsafah
PERLAKSANAAN INFRASTRUKTUR DATA RUANG BAGI PERKONGSIAN MAKLUMAT KEARAH PENGGUNAAN
MAKLUMAT PEMETAAN PENTADBIRAN TANAH DI MALAYSIA
Oleh
ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
Julai 2013
Pengerusi : Professor Madya Abdul Rashid bin Mohamed Shariff, PhD
Fakulti : Fakulti Kejuruteraan
Aktiviti pentadbiran tanah berkaitan dengan hakmilik tanah, nilai tanah dan
kegunaan tanah mula kearah gunapakai sistem berkomputer bagi
mewujudkan perkongsian maklumat pentadbiran tanah. Namun, ia
memerlukan anjakan paradigma infrastruktur data ruang generasi kedua
(model pemprosesan seperti pengetahuan terhadap infrastruktur,
perkongsian maklumat dan lebih selaras). Seterusnya ditambah dengan
beberapa isu berkaitan dengan integrasi bukan teknikal di dalam
perkongsian maklumat seperti amalan institusi, amalan perundangan dan
bidang kuasa serta struktur, budaya dan amalan pengurusan sumber
manusia, penyampaian perkhidmatan maklumat; dan penyelarasan model
kerjasama pentadbiran diantara kerajaan. Ia dikenalpasti sebagai masalah
utama di dalam perkongsian maklumat pentadbiran tanah di pelbagai agensi
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kerajaan dan negara pelbagai peringkat kerajaan (persekutuan, negeri dan
tempatan). Perlaksanaan konsep infrastruktur data ruang akan dapat
mengurangkan dan menyelesaikan beberapa isu di dalam perkongsian
maklumat dan mewujudkan pembuat keputusan yang lebih baik kearah
membenarkan penggunaan ruang pemetaan pentadbiran tanah. Kajian ini
menggunapakai kaedah kualitatif (kajian tafsiran dengan pendekatan
ethnografik) dan melibatkan temubual, pemerhatian dan borang soalselidik.
Bahagian analisis (melibatkan analisis statistik kekerapan dan analisis
pengukuran likert) dilakukan keatas isu yang berkaitan dengan amalan
perkongsian sistem maklumat pentadbiran tanah dengan infrastruktur data
ruang. Sasaran responden tertumpu kepada kakitangan kerajaan yang
terlibat di dalam melaksanakan perkongsian serta aplikasi maklumat
pentadbiran tanah (guna tanah, nilai tanah dan hakmilik tanah). Sumbangan
utama kajian ini adalah mencadangkan model Integrasi Perkongsian
Maklumat Pentadbiran Tanah (ILaIS). Penyatupaduan keupayaan sistem
maklumat, kerjasama dan jawatankuasa pemandu, perundangan dan bidang
kuasa serta penggunaan maklumat ruang pemetaan pentadbiran tanah di
dalam model ILaIS adalah sangat membantu di dalam pelbagai peringkat
kerajaan. Penemuan hasil kajian berlandaskan pengesahan dengan
mengunapakai Kaedah Delphi dapat dijadikan panduan di dalam
pengurusan strategi dan pembentukan polisi perkongsian maklumat
pentadbiran tanah diantara pelbagai agensi kerajaan pentadbiran tanah. Ia
juga akan menjadikan pengurusan strategi dan polisi semasa lebih cekap dan
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berkesan serta membantu di dalam meningkatkan keupayaan integrasi
sistem maklumat kearah membenarkan penggunaan maklumat ruang
pemetaan pentadbiran tanah.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am thankful to Allah S.W.T for making things possible, Alhamdulillah. I
would like to express my most sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Associate
Professor Dr. Abdul Rashid bin Mohamed Shariff, for his untiring guidance,
advice, support and encouragement throughout my study and research in
UPM.
I am very much grateful to the members of my supervisory committee,
Associate Professor Dr. Ahmad Rodzi bin Mahmud, Professor Datuk Dr. Nik
Mohd Zain bin Nik Yusof, Associate Professor Dr. Hishamuddin bin Mohd
Ali, for their valuable suggestions that led to refinement of the thesis.
I am very grateful to e-Tanah Project Team, Department of Director General
of Land and Mines (JKPTG), Malaysian Centre for Geospatial Data
Infrastructure (MaCGDI), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,
Malaysia; Department of Valuation and Property Services (JPPH), Ministry
of Finance, Malaysia; Department of Federal Town and Country Planning
Peninsular Malaysia (JPBD), Ministry of Housing and Local Government,
Malaysia for providing the data and information.
I am thankful and appreciative to my helpful colleagues in Spatial Research
Group (SRG) during the period 2008-2012 (Ruzinoor, Hafiz, Fadhil, Zakri,
Roshidul, Ebrahim, Ramin, Khosro, Osama, Meftah, Harib, Mobarak, Nik,
Wan, Veena, Ranya, Islah and Shahzard) and all staff at Geospatial
Information Sciences Research Centre (GISRC), Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia for their moral support during my study and
research. Thank you very much to all.
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I certify that a Thesis Examination Committee has met on 22 July 2013 to conduct the final examination of Abd. Halim Bin Hamzah on his thesis entitled “The Implementation Of Spatial Data Infrastructure For Information Sharing Towards Spatially Enabled Land Administration In Malaysia” in accordance with the Universities and University Colleges Act 1971 and the Constitution of the Universiti Putra Malaysia [P.U.(A) 106] 15 March 1998. The Committee recommends that the student be awarded the Doctor of
Philosophy. Members of Thesis Examination Committee were as follows: Borhanuddin bin Mohd Ali, PhD
Professor
Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia (Chairman) Mohd Amin bin Mohd Soom, PhD
Professor Ir.
Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Abd. Rahman bin Ramli, PhD
Professor Madya Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Abbas Rajabifard, PhD
Professor University of Melbourne Australia (External Examiner)
_________________________________ NORITA OMAR, PhD
Associate Professor and Deputy Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date : 20 November 2013
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This thesis was submitted to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia and has been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The members of the Supervisory Committee were as follows: Abdul Rashid bin Mohamed Shariff, PhD
Associate Professor Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia (Chairman) Ahmad Rodzi bin Mahmud, PhD
Associate Professor Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia (Member) Nik Mohd Zain bin Nik Yusof, PhD
Professor Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia (Member) Hishamuddin bin Mohd Ali, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Member)
_____________________________ BUJANG BIN KIM HUAT, PhD
Professor and Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date :
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DECLARATION
I declare that the thesis is my original work expect for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously, and it not concurrently, submitted for any other degree at Universiti Putra Malaysia or at any other institution.
___________________________ ABD. HALIM BIN HAMZAH
Date : 22 July 2013
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page DEDICATION i ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii APPROVAL viii DECLARATION x LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / NOTATIONS / GLOSSARY OF TERMS
xviii
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Overview of Land Administration Information
Sharing 3
1.3 Research Problems 7 1.4 Research Goal 12 1.5 Research Objectives 12 1.6 Research Scope 13 1.7 Research Area 14 1.8 Research Methodology 15 1.9 Structure of the Thesis 17 1.10 Significance of Research 18 2 LAND ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION
SHARING
2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Definition 21 2.2.1 Land Administration 22 2.2.2 Spatial Data Infrastructure 23 2.3 Land Administration Component 25 2.4 Land Administration Practices 31 2.5 Land Administration Information System
Activities 33
2.5.1 Land Administration Information Sharing
40
2.6 Land Administration and Spatial Data Infrastructure
42
2.7 Spatial Data Infrastructure and Spatially Enabled Land Administration
47
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2.8 Malaysian Land Administration Information System Practices
50
2.8.1 Land Ownership Activities 54 2.8.2 Land-Use Activities 60 2.8.3 Land Value Activities 62 2.8.4 Malaysian Land Integrated Information
Services 63
2.9 Malaysian Land Administrations and Spatial Data Infrastructure
65
2.10 Conclusion 67 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Qualitative Research 69 3.3 Applications of Interpretive Research to
Information System 70
3.4 Analysis, Design and Validation 72 3.5 Conclusion 78 4 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Case Study and Respondent 79 4.3 Questionnaire Form Structure 81 4.4 Descriptive Statistics Summary 82 4.4.1 Land Administration Information
Sharing Activity 83
4.4.2 Malaysian Government Land Administration Agency and Spatial Data Infrastructure
89
4.4.3 Spatially Enabled Land Administration Practices
103
4.4.4 National Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing Plan
105
4.5 Likert Scaling Analysis Summary 106 4.6 Analysis of Findings 109 4.7 Conclusion 111 5 INTEGRATED LAND ADMINISTRATION
INFORMATION SHARING
5.1 Introduction 112 5.2 Integrated Land Administration Information
Sharing Model 113
5.2.1 Integrated Capability of Information System
113
5.2.2 Integrated Cooperation and Steering Committee
115
5.2.3 Integrated Legislations and Jurisdiction 117 5.2.4 Integrated Spatially Enabled Land
Administration
119
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5.2.5 Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing Model
120
5.3 Validation 122 5.3.1 Integrated Capability of Information
System 124
5.3.2 Integrated Cooperation and Steering Committee
125
5.3.3 Integrated Legislations and Jurisdiction 127 5.3.4 Integrated Spatially Enabled Land
Administration 128
5.3.5 Ranking Analysis 129 5.4 Suggestion the Implementation of ILaIS Model 132 5.5 Conclusion 134 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Research Achievement 136 6.3 Significance of Research to Theory and Practices 141 6.4 Recommendations for Further Research 142 6.5 Conclusion 145
REFERENCES 146 APPENDICES 158 BIODATA OF STUDENT 230 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 232
THE IMPLEMENTATION OFSPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTUREFOR INFORMATION SHARINGTOWARDS SPATIALLY ENABLEDLAND ADMINISTRATION IN MALAYSIAABSTRACTTABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Introduction1.2 Overview of Land Administration Information SharingFigure 1.1. Cadastral Systems Facilitate Three Key Attributes of Land Administration toward Spatial or Land Information (adapted from Dale & McLaughlin (1999), Steudler & Williamson (2002) and Enemark et al. (2005)
1.3 Research ProblemsFigure 1.2. The Challenging of Malaysian Land Administration (adapted from Ishak (2011)
1.4 Research Goal1.5 Research Objectives1.6 Research Scope1.7 Research AreaTable 1.1. The Main Custodian of Malaysian Government Land Administration Agencies
1.8 Research Methodology1.9 Structure of the Thesis1.10 Significance of ResearchCHAPTER 2LAND ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SHARING2.1 Introduction2.2 Definition2.2.1 Land Administration2.2.2 Spatial Data InfrastructureTable 2.1. Various Definition of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) (adapted from Tyng (2002)
2.3 Land Administration ComponentFigure 2.1. The Four Basic Components of Land Administrationi. Land Ownership/Tenureii. Land Valuationiii. Land-Use Planning
2.4 Land Administration PracticesFigure 2.2. A Global Perspective of Modern Land Administration Systems
2.5 Land Administration Information System ActivitiesFigure 2.3. The Strategic Alignment ModelTable 2.2. The Characteristic of Sub-Components Alignment in SAM (adapted from Luftman (2000)Table 2.3. The Four Era Model of IS (adapted from Ward & Peppard (2002)Figure 2.4. Capability Information SystemFigure 2.5. A Conceptual Model of State Wide Parcel-Based Land Information Systems Based On a Legal CadastreFigure 2.6. Sustainable Development Needs Sound Land Administration2.5.1 Land Administration Information SharingTable 2.4. Land Administration Information Sharing Indicators
2.6 Land Administration and Spatial Data InfrastructureTable 2.5. Comparison between SDI Level and Core Components (adapted from Rajabifard, Feeney, & Williamson (2003); Warnest, Rajabifard, & Williamson (2005) and McDougall (2006)Figure 2.7. Product and Process Based Models for SDI DevelopmentFigure 2.8. Continuum of SDI DevelopmentFigure 2.9. SDI and Land Administration Arrangements in Land Management Model (adapted from Rajabifard & Binns (2006)
State SDI2.7 Spatial Data Infrastructure and Spatially Enabled Land Administration2.8 Malaysian Land Administrations Information System PracticesTable 2.6. Five Strategic Responses Related To Land AdministrationTable 2.7. The Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration Agencies2.8.1 Land Ownership ActivitiesFigure 2.10. Land Ownership Activities for Malaysian Government Land AdministrationTable 2.8. Malaysian Land Ownership Activities Toward World-Class ServiceFigure 2.11. The Concept of the e-Tanah SystemFigure 2.12. e-Tanah Project Management at Federal GovernmentFigure 2.13. e-Tanah Project Management at State and District GovernmentFigure 2.14. Design of e-Tanah Application
2.8.2 Land-Use Activities2.8.3 Land Value Activities2.8.4 Malaysian Land Integrated Information ServicesTable 2.9. Malaysian Land Integrated Information Services Activity
2.9 Malaysian Land Administrations and Spatial Data InfrastructureTable 2.10. Comparison between SDI Hierarchy and SDI Components for The Malaysian Land Administration (adapted from Rajabifard et al. (2003); Warnest et al. (2005) and McDougall (2006)
STATE SDI2.10 ConclusionCHAPTER 3RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY3.1 Introduction3.2 Qualitative Research3.3 Applications of Interpretive Research to Information SystemTable 3.1. Applying Reference Interpretive Research Frame (adapted from Klein & Myers (2001)
3.4 Analysis, Design and ValidationFigure 3.1. Data Collection and AnalysisTable 3.2. SOA Governance Checklist for Land Administration (adapted from Bieberstein, et al. (2008)Figure 3.2. Research Methodology
3.5 ConclusionCHAPTER 4DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS4.1 Introduction4.2 Case Study and RespondentTable 4.1. The Number of Respondents
4.3 Questionnaire Form StructureTable 4.2. Questionnaire Form Structure
4.4 Descriptive Statistics Summary4.4.1 Land Administration Information Sharing ActivityFigure 4.1. Land Administration Information System Activities among The Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration AgenciesFigure 4.2. Unit/Section/Division Manage The Land Administration Information SystemFigure 4.3. Experience in Managing The Internal Land Administration Information SystemFigure 4.4. Support From Organisation Related To Internal Land Administration Information System PracticesTable 4.3. Land Administration Information Sharing QuestionsTable 4.4. The Evaluation of Land Administration Information Sharing Between the Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration Agencies
4.4.2 Malaysian Government Land Administration Agency and Spatial Data InfrastructureTable 4.5. Collaboration Practices among the Same Land Administration Expertise in Land Administration Information SharingTable 4.6. Collaboration Practices among the Different Land Administration Expertise in Land Administration Information SharingTable 4.7. Intra/Inter-Jurisdiction Collaboration among the Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration AgenciesTable 4.8. Inter-Jurisdiction Collaboration between the Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration Agencies and Other AgenciesFigure 4.5. Legislative or Circular Used in Malaysian Land Administration Information System ActivitiesFigure 4.6. The Staff Background Related To Land Administration Information SystemFigure 4.7. Department Staff Take Opportunity To Improve Their SkillsFigure 4.8. Department Staff Create Information Sharing Opportunity After Training from Internal Human Resources Management DivisionFigure 4.9. Issues Related To Fundamental Dataset and Technical Standards among the Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration AgencyTable 4.9. Restrictions or Limitation to Access Land Administration Information SystemFigure 4.10. Type of Limitation and Restriction To Access Detail Land Administration Information SystemTable 4.10. The Way of Internal or External User Need to Find Land Administration Information System
4.4.3 Spatially Enabled Land Administration PracticesTable 4.11. Spatially Enabled Land Administration PracticeTable 4.12. Spatially Enabled Land Administration Practice between the Main Custodian Malaysian Government Land Administration Agency
4.4.4 National Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing PlanTable 4.13. Purpose Element for National Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing Plan
4.5 Likert Scaling Analysis SummaryFigure 4.11. Likert Scalingi. Land Administration Information Sharingii. Spatial Data Infrastructure and Malaysian Government Land Administration Agencyiii. Spatially Enabled Land Administration Practices
4.6 Analysis of Findings4.7 ConclusionCHAPTER 5INTEGRATED LAND ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SHARING5.1 Introduction5.2 Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing Model5.2.1 Integrated Capability of Information SystemFigure 5.1. Integrated Capability of Information System (adapted from Ward & Peppard (2002)
5.2.2 Integrated Cooperation and Steering CommitteeFigure 5.2. Integrated Cooperation and Steering Committee
5.2.3 Integrated Legislations and JurisdictionFigure 5.3. Integrated Legislation and Jurisdiction
5.2.4 Integrated Spatially Enabled Land AdministrationFigure 5.4. Integrated Spatially Enabled Land Administration (adapted from Williamson & Wallace (2006)
5.2.5 Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing ModelFigure 5.5. Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing Conceptual Model
5.3 ValidationFigure 5.6. Delphi Method Process5.3.1 Integrated Capability of Information SystemFigure 5.7. Integrated Capability of Information System after Validation
5.3.2 Integrated Cooperation and Steering CommitteeFigure 5.8. Integrated Cooperation and Steering Committee after Validation
5.3.3 Integrated Legislations and JurisdictionFigure 5.9. Integrated Legislation and Jurisdiction after Validation
5.3.4 Integrated Spatially Enabled Land AdministrationFigure 5.10. Integrated Spatially Enabled Land Administration after Validation
5.3.5 Ranking AnalysisTable 5.1. Validation of the Main Elements of ILaIS Model Based On RankingTable 5.2. Validation of the 20 Sub-Elements of ILaIS Model Based On Ranking
5.4 Suggestion on the Implementation of ILaIS ModelFigure 5.11. The Implementation of Land Administration Information Practices Between the Multiple Level of GovernmentFigure 5.12. Suggestion the Implementation of ILaIS Model for the Multiple Level of Government
5.5 ConclusionCHAPTER 66.1 Introduction6.2 Research Achievementi. Objective One: To determine the level of efficiency in information sharing in land administration information system between multiple level of government land administration agenciesTable 6.1. Research Achievement
ii. Objective Two: To determine the level of the significance of SDI practice in information sharing towards spatially enabled land administrationiii. Objective Three: To design and validate the Integrated Land Administration Information Sharing (ILaIS) conceptual model
6.3 Significance of Research to Theory and Practices6.4 Recommendations for Further Researchi. ILaIS Ontologyii. ILaIS Smart Partnership
6.5 Conclusion