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University of Nigeria Virtual Library
Serial No.
Author 1
AKUKWE, Francis Nnalue
Author 2
Author 3
Title
Nigerian Priest / Religious and Work for Justice
Keywords
Description
Nigerian Priest / Religious and Work for Justice
Category
Social Sciences
Publisher
In-way Publisher
Publication Date
1992
Signature
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0,Y Sptplernhcr 23, 1642, the Gasp1 of Christ was
TlRST,r~reaclwd /:17 Nigeria, and tltc cran'k 1s ~ ' a d g ) ~ , .
/ ~ y the Profesfant 'WesJ(;/c,.y Missiorrary, tl),:, 13c~.
T/~ontas tiirch Frei:rn?,!. i-le ~ i1.s fo/iowcd, i f ! December of
that year, by slt An
-
Our c h r l e t i e i n f a i t h c a l l a u e t .o work f o r
j u s t i ~ e ; t o s e r v e t h o u . i n naiad;
t o p u r s u e p s a c s ; a n d t o defend t h e l i f e , d i
g n i t y a n d r i g h t s o f a l l p o o p l e . T h i s
-
6*! F r c F r a n c i s k n a l u e Aku ~ ; , ~ i : - ~ b tl o u
t 4 h , t i t . i!lc,3nclle t e n t w i t h C n r i s t i i n p r ,
i n c i p l e e t o rermerin
p . a s s l u r and i n e r t ~ r l h l i e a t r o c i t i e :
; . werd b l l i ~ l g c r ? n ~ ~ n i t t e d ar;d p e o p l e w e
r e suffering. 1
They n n t o n l y p r ~ o c l l a c t h o g o s g - 1 , L : l t
t h : . ~ 8 . 1 ~ ~ . w o r k e d f [ ; r Justice." t * J u a t i c
m
113 pr t .e r r ,L u1t.11 a o o p l s a r o t r u a i e d a c c
o r d i n g : o t h n i r G r l l - j l j ~ n d i g n i t y t t 2 ,
o r
wl;en t h s y a z ~ i - ~ t ~ i p n d t o l i u e r a t e i i ~
e m s e i v e s f r o m a n f o p p - ~ a s i n g s i t u a t i o n
. I t
w i t 6 nor@ zhe!.r wrlrC: t o p r o m o t e s o c i . a i J u s
t i c e tl-4arl t h o i r p r t + + c h i n g o new
ro1 ic ; l j .m t h a t n n ~ i e h r e d t n t : ~ r u i ~ e l
o n a r : e ~ t c ' Ig t l o p c o p l e . I t .Jas t h i s t h a t
f
d ; . ~ p c a a d t h e p e c ~ p l e t o l i u t n n t o tl-e
"good n e u s t t . ;:t wes t h e s e c r e t o f ' t h e
si~ccss: $a? t h e r r i r s s i o . ~ , r k i ~ l o . They t r
i e d t o i c ' e n t i f y t h e a r o a o f t h o g r e a t e e
t
gnud o f t h e p e o p l e , They w o r k s d r e l e n t l 1 3
s s l y , 8omel ; imes i l ' r t h e f a c e o f s t r o n g
o ~ , p a i i i t i ~ j i ~ t c l l c i ~ e i u u n l i l a l ~
s t a n d i n l ~ , t o r emedy t h u s i t u c : t t o r l , . . I
n t h i s New Ere o f E v a n g e l i z a t i o n i f ) N i g e r i
a , 1 . a ~ s o c i a l L ~ u 3 t i c s b e a n
a c n i s v o d ' ? Are t h o p r o b l e m s f n c i n ~ N i g
e r i a n s t o d a y t h e s.;n\e a s ~ ( I L * ~ c m n h r
t h a r ~ ~ I.:lr cs ot' p::ch! rjns. Afi t h i s !!cot!,ud b i
a d g h t s u c c e s s t o th13 e a r l y m i e a i o n e r i e t
a ,
s o t h e c c n t e m p o r i a r y m i ~ n i o ~ r s r i s s ~
w i l l h o p e f o r s u c c r l o s i ? .';he same m e t h o d i
s
eim3loyed t o d a y . T h i s Fa a c a l l a n d a c h a l l e n
g u t h a t aukf a w a i t 8 t h e N i g e r i a n
Our c h r i e t i u n f a i t h ( : e l l @ u a Lo work f o r J
u s t i c e ; t o serve thouta i n n r e d ;
t o p u r s u e peace; Bnd t o d e f e n d t h e l i f e , d i g
n i t y a n d r i g h t s o f a l l p e o p l e . T h i s
-
2.8 t h e c ~ l l o f 3 e s u s C h r i ~ t , t h e c r l a i i
e n n e o i ! J L . I J I I ~ ~ C : ; a n d t h e l i v i n q t r a
d i t i o n
o f t h e c h u r c h . Jesus s t r - s s s d t h a : ~ r ! ~ :
c r t i ~ r ~ c s o f ' ..us: ice ar;d peace . . ' hgppy ere ..
'.
!.hnse l lho h u n g e r and t h i r s t I'c: w ~ e t i s r i r
j h t ' ' i..vlibt.. ' > : t i ) , "Seek f i r s t t h e
s a i d t h a t p p e y e r s and s a c r i f i c a u u r u u 3
e ; . e s s u n l e 3 f i tl-.vy R C B a c c o m p a n i e d b
y
1c:ve t e n d a r l y ;ncl t u \,ra.iL i k r ; : e ..\ y ~ v ' x
t h Y O U ; :,oI!'' ( P l i ~ h . 6 1 8 ) . J e r e m i a h r e m i
n d e d
1 ' q ! i t c r ; u s n s e a , a n d c l 3 l i u ~ r i 'rum t
t13hnr 'd r . o f t h t o p p r n : . s s ? r a t h u o n e who h a
e b e e n
rubbed , And G O no w r o n g t o t:ra a l i e n , t h o o r p b
a r a n d tile w i d o w , n o r s h e d
i i ~ n o c o n t b l o o d t 1 ( ~ e r . 22~3.-4j. l a s i i l
n ? u ~ . t h s r E t ressen t h a t r e l i g i o n w i t h o u
t
t!.e thongs of ' t h e ycku, , to 1.t t h ~ L ) I J ~ T H E S P
C J q o " ree , z ~ i d t o b r e a k e v e r y y o k e , .
-. , 1 0 u h e r e y o u r b r e e d w i i ; h t h e I ~ i l n g
r y t ~ n d s h r j l t s r t h e h t ~ a n l e a a , t o c l o t h
e t h e
n e k o d , e n d n o t t o t u r n From you;: o w n i t i n ? "
( 1 s . 50:58)1. B e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e
I;;lt:in Noverum of ' Leo X: [ I J t h e &iiur.cl-, t,:is r
! 3 ~ ~ 3 i - ' r I . y i c , : ; u ~ d 6 f f i c i a l d o c u m e
n t s -
i n t t ~ u f o r m o f a u l . h o r i t a t ; i \ i t t o r .
. c l l i r ~ ~ / u f 1.10 s u p r e m a p n n t i f f ' L. a c o r
p o r a t o
woe,rjn a n d unbu~.n c h i l d r e n u i t h e l t e r n a t i
u e s o f l i f e , o f a d v o c a t i n g f o r hl~rnan
l i f l a w h e r e e v e r i t i s t h r r t e t ; e n b d . I
t i s t - , a s t o r y o f e m p o w e r i n g a n d
-
t h e
rk la re our c e t h n l i c s o c i a l d o c b r i n e and 1 :
r a d i t j o n f c r a 1.e. 1 j u s t i c o and t ~ u e
r e z c e . T h i s i s t h e i ' e p ~ n n why I d i d n o t h
e s t i t e t s t.n ac spt your i n v i t a t i o n
tc lead the d i s c u s e i o n s on t h : ~ s t p k u t , a ~ l
c t a d n y . I s h r . 1 : p r e s e n t thn general
C3;ntasir.iua hnnus_, or' John P ~ I I ' I 1 t o m a ~ k t h n I
O f l t h ann. iv t . rsnr ; OF ::arum -.--- f
h c v ~ rum,. ---
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E i a s i c Thanlea o f t h e C h u r c h ' s S o c i d l T e c
l c h i n q ..---- Ttttmrw 6 1 7 8 s i x b a s l o r b o e l c t b
~ m e s t h a t . t ~ a v e d e v e i c : ) a d o v e r t h e y e a
r s i n
1. P r i m a c y o f Life arld D i q r ~ i t ) ~ o f t h ~ Human
P e m. -- 111 t h a C a t h o l i c !ioc:?l v i $ ~ l c r l t h e
hunlari pe. :son i .s c e n t r a l , t h e c l e a r e s t
. l o t f r o m a n y h ~ ~ n ~ a n q l i ; ) l i t y , ~ c ; :
o m p l i s h m e n l ; , r a c 1 3 , t r i b s , st;: t u s , age
or.
: s l l g i o n . Tho t e s t u p e w d r y h ~ r m a n i n s t
i t u t i o n i s w h d t h e r I L ennancov or
..,-,-.,---. L L . , , , , , , , l b i ! L t i l : c ; Qre?dcm c
f C b n s c i ~ c g ; to r a i 5.8 a : '6mily, t o l i f e and t h
o s e
t t ~ i r l q s t h a t 1 n ; l k ~ l i f e t r u l y human ( f
o o d , r : l o t h i ? q s , h o u s i n g , h e a l t h Care,
educ:; t i o n , jscrrri t y , s o c i c , l ss c v i c e s , a
n d e m p l o y m e n t ) . T h e s e r i g h t s may be
t : n s h r i n a d i n FI c o u n t r y ' s c o n o t l t u t i
o n , b u t i t i s n o t t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n t h a t
g r e n t e t h e m . T h e y a r e g i v e n t o e a c h p e r
s o n by t h e c r e a t o r . F o l l o w i n g t h e s e
-
P7rr l I y , end t o largrtr s o c i e t y , t o r c pc r: tha r
l n l i t s l f o t h e r s and work f o r
p e o p l ~ r r ~ ~ ~ - - i t hlz1.k t l i r c~uqh c l i e i r
r,c,ver11rnt3nc arid t?,e. ir owrl a r g e n i z a t i o n ' to
meet
~ . ~ T ; R F ! ~ ~ B C J B t : qood tae~ t. o f p o l j t . 1
cal, rr; 1j.g l o u s , 1~ gill and economl I-: i n e t i tu-
t i r r - f i ? S:., w h d t Lhrty du tci people. , . f o r
peop1.e and how p e o p l e g a r t i c i p a t e
t ~ a c h . ~ n q . A basic nroral t a : 3 t uf' A l l y 2 1 u ~
~ d t . y i a r aul it^ n ~ ~ i t d u l r ! ~ r a b l s n~otnburs .
.
-
but on. who h a e c o n w o n a n t e d w i t h Cod, , , J I ~ b
e c a u s e o f t h i s , t r e e t e e w s r y o n s
t h e way God w o u l d t r e a t h i m - God who makes h i e .
aun r i s e , and makee r e i n f a l l o n t h e good end t h e b
a d ( m t . 5 8 4 5 ) . T o f e u d t h e hungr,,, c l o t h e t h
e 'n'aked
mto i o t o d o the scme t o C h r i s t . kle a f e ce l l - ed
t o r e s p o n d t o t h s n e e d s o f
o u r b r o t h e r e a n d a i a t e r s , b u t t h o s e w i
t h t h e g r e e t s e t need gree quire t h e g r e e t m e t
roeponaa.. A c c o r d i n g t o J o h n P i ic l l i.l t h u c
e l l ic to i ra~ks a p r a r e r a r i t i a l b u t
n o t axclue!va o p t l o r : f o r the p c c r .
6. S o l i d e r i t y t h
W. e r a cnla hilmen fami1 .y w h a t e v e r o u r e t . h i c
, r s l i g i o u s , , T d s o l o g i c a l o r A
~ o l o u r end o t h e r d i l f a r e n c c i a . Our r e s p
o n o i h i l i t y t o one a n o t h e r c r o c s o s e
e t h n i c , n n t i o n i l l , r a c i a l , r s l i i ~ i o
u e an3 i d e r . : . c ~ l u a l b o u n d a k i n 3 . V i o l e n
t ;
c o n f l i c t , snd i l i ~ n : L @ l o f r i ( j h t s end d
i g n i t y of' ~ r o p l e anywh8r.e d i m i n i s h e s e a c
h
on. o f UR. T h i s the1 e, a o c e l l a r t i c a l o t o d
Ir! t h e w r i t i n s s o f 3 c h n P a u l 11, w d
a x p r e s s e n t h o c h u r c h ' a c o n c e r n f o r w o
r l d Deec,s; g l o b a l , r e g i o n a l n e t i o n e l /A
c ~ l l d l d t o r@i ' i , ac : t and a c t on t n e e e
thsmsa.
communi ty . He h e e n o c h o i c e i n p a r t i c % p c i i
. i r ~ g f r ! t h e s o c i a l m i s s i o n o f t h ~
ohurch . I n P a c t be h ~ e n o c h o i c e o r o p t i c l r
j i:, 2 o t t i n g ! . n : l ~ ~ l i ~ € c i I n t h i t r a e e e
n t i a l
m i n i c t r y u? C h ~ i s t . kle ualns i t t o e z n o k i f
y c ~ o p e a p l e b y p o r t r a y i n g t h e
J u s t l c o 01' God u n d l e a d i n g t h e p e o p l e t o
e! !~ i l l l - l te i t . He u e e s i t t o b r i n g
poaco, u n i t y a n d hermctny i n t h e commun i t y
i;!7rc?ugi7 dorkinc, :??I. i f 7 0 d e v e l o p m e n t
o ? a l l and aundzy, t h c ~ r i c h a n d t h e pcc r , t i l
e c p p r e e s o r and t h e o p p r e s s e d ,
thc yoclng end t h e o l d , men anc womenc ti^ u s e s i t t o
U U ~ I I U ~ I ~ ~ L C I L U G L I ~ ' C I l o v i n g
car. f o r t h e p r e s e n t ( p n e r e t i c n .
An g m t t j r q i n v o l v e d i n t t re s o r i a ! m i n i
s t r y , t h e p r i e s t i a n p t s o much a n
e n g i n e a r who put,s a l l t h i n g a r i g h t e s a n e
n a b l e r who h e l p s p e o p l e t o t a k e u p
t h u r e o p o n s i b i l i t y o f c o n t r i l l . i r i g
t h e i r .3dt7 l i r a d e s t i n y a n d dl?l;arrnininr, f o r
Y
t h e m n o l v s a a ~ d o f f e c t l n g w h e t t h e y wen?
t c S F . He p l a y s d ~ . ? f e r e n t r o l e 6 a t
d i f f e r u n t t i m c ~ ~ n d i n d i f f e r c j n t c i r
c u m s t a n c e s . b e may f u n c t i o n e s a n a d v o c e t
e ,
u mlpdiat. .c~r, e * p i , ~ ~ n n c r , e brok rc r , pr a
t:onQaret: 8 s t h s sl.tuat.:on r e q u i r e e . 6
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- 7 - ~ r i e s t / ~ e l i q i o u s a s a S o c i a l Worke r
"
The p r i a 3 t / r e l i g i o u s p l o y o t h o s o r o l e
s S u c a u s e , uvt ir~ t h o ! ~ q h h i . a v o c a t i o n i
a
p r i m a r i l y t h a t o f s p i r i t u ~ j l l e a r l e r
v h i p h e c a n i i o t p s r f o r m e f ' f ' e c t i u e l y i
n a n
e t m o e p h e r e o f s o c i a l t u r m o i l o r i n a s i
i t u d t l o n r a m p a n t w i L t 1 C r d g r a n t a b u n e o
?
b y n c t i v i t f e~ f ~ c l ~ s e d upor, t h c i r
,zaslr:.I. r t i i . . 3 t i u n ~ h i p s wtiic!: c s n e t i t u
t e t h e
7 i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n man a n d h i s e n v i r
o n m e n t " . Compton l n t a l y d e e e r i b e d s o d i . m l
work a s * a p r n c e s s t ha t : o p e r a t e s t o s a b i a t
i n d i d f d u e l s ,. .. i n i i - r ~ r e a e i n g t h e i r c
o n t r o l o v a r t h e i r own l i v e s t h r o u g h
rrraLll-;g s ~ t i s f y i n g c h o i c e s , c o p i n g ' o a t
i s -
f a c t o r i l y v i t h the r u s ~ l l t s o f l i f a c h c
i c e z aild l i l F e e v e n t s , ; ~ f i U w o r k i n g t
o
t h e social ~ I ~ S : I L I ~ C B B rid s u p p c ~ r t nec6 t
; s i r ry f o r t t ~ a 3 e l e c t l . J n o f r n e o n i n g f
u l mltmr-
,tR Ti74 - 9. - - . n a t i v o e a n d f o r t h e ma1 i n g o
f m e a r ~ i n ~ f i i l t f e t j l * ' ~ ~ . ...,- - d u l z t z
n c e i b yivtun:
2. "Tc i d ~ ; r ~ t i Py ? ~ - , t e ~ , t i a P o r e s o 0:'
d l s a q t ~ i l i L r i u 1 1 1 118 t l ~ e e n r n d i v i d u a
l e o r g r o u p s
a n d t h e ~ l n v i r o n r n ~ n t i n o r d e r t o p r u ~
b n t t l ~ u u c c r r r r u n c e o f d i s e q u i l i b r i u m
.
3, " I n r ~ r i r l i t i ~ ~ r ~ t~s t h e s e c u r b t i v e
and + i s b e r . i ~ d e a l m s , t o eeek o u t , i d e n t i f
y
9 a n d o t r e n g t h ~ n t h e rnaxin~um I ~ o t u n t i n l
i n i r i i j ~ v i d u e l e , g r o u p s , a n d c o m m u n i t
i e r t t . ,
R n e r sr;3 F b d s r i c o , conc :op t i : u l i z inc j S ~
c i a i uurk a s t h e I n t e r n c t i o n s betw0mn
pt tapke a n d 4 1 2 ~ ' J i l ~ k i t ~ t i o r ~ ~ of
:3ocicity L i i d t af i 'cact t h e a b i l i t y o f p e o p l e
t o
mccompl i a h li Pc t b c k s a n d a1 l e v . i e t e i j ia
i.reb6, q a v 6 t.he O D J e c t i v e s o f e o c i o l
1. t t f o sliiharlco t ; i ~ s : p r o 3 l e m - , e o l \ 1 i
n g , c o p i n g , anti a e ~ e l o p m e n t a l c a p a c i t i
e s o f p e o p l e I
10 o p p o r t u n i t i e t ; " .
.. . S o c i a l Jork n a s i s t n i n d i v i d u a l s a s ~
n d l v i d u a l e , o r a * grnLlpo$ a n d e v e n 88
members o f 3 rjzoti;j. Thc~ g r o u p may b e e u n t r . l l r
j ~ a u p (e .g . f s % i l y ) , o r a l a r g e
o n e (e .g . a c a n r x ~ ~ n i t i y ) , A p p l y i r ~ y e
o c i t a l work vt i luepl , p r i n o i n l o a n r ~ d f e c h n
i q u e r ,
t h o s o c : i a l w o r k e r t r i s ~ t o p r o v i r l u
ti-,a n e e d y i f i d i v i d u d l w~ t h " t i i n y l b l e e
e r v i c e r ,
I c o u n s e l i n g e n d p s y c h o t h 6 1 r s p y , o r t
o h e l p g r o u p s e n d c o m m y n i t i e s p r o v i d d o r
i
I
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i r r the u a r t h and d i g n i t y ut' eoch 1ndiuj.dud1, al
lv t r i ~ r i q l ~ t and r f - ~ a p o n s i t ~ i l i t y t
o
A morw c o r ~ ~ p r e h e n r i i v e b u t n o t e x h e u b t
i v e l i s t i n q oP t h o s e r o l e e w o u l d hc t h e r a p
i s t
intersczLo;i w i t h .peop ls rehc:nlnc; ful and e c ~ j u y a b
i e . His a o t i v i . s t roiu i n v o l v e s s
n o n v i o l e n t , d i r e c t a o t i o n to changu t h e p
u i l t i c ~ l , s o c i a l o r o t h e r e t r u c t i r , &
. rerrc+ligiliiul\td. hBki i n t d r v ~ r ; ~ L C I ' I hartl is i
l ~ n i t o c i to a c t r o n w i t h c e r t a i n r;roupa i
n
t h o cummunlty, and i s d:.rectecJ towarus a ~ ; o ~ i i u r e
e j n l c n t oP . t h e cdmmunity ( ' t h e
t e ryo i : oyutoac). The air1 i t i t o wake the i d r g e t s
y s t e m f e e l a c ~ r n e ' ~ p a i n or smbarraaa-"
n~brt t Lu \;ha p o i n t t h a t !;he) aAa f o r c e d tu exarr
ind t h e p r o b l e m s t h a t t h e i r p a r t i c u -
lbr but-iuvlour may b o c a u s i r ~ y t o o t h a r s . The p
r i t t , t i n h i e ministry h a s marly
o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f d o i n g t h i e . I r t h i s a
c ~ i v i s t r o l e , change i s s o u g h t n o t i n thm
p r r e o n eui ' i ' sr ing Ll~o p r t ~ b i o i i t , t~ t i n
u r ~ o t i ~ u r s y o ttr111 t h a t causen or ~ u ~ t ~ i n s t
h e
one. The 8 o l l d a ; i t y o f thti ono r a n t i l y o f Cod
daett n o t make room f o r r i g i d class ."/*..
d i v i e L o n and c l a : n z , s t r u ! ~ y l b . V i o l .
j i ; ~ . o c ~ f anti p , ~ : 1. o f t h e f a m i l y
sghinp&t a n o t h e r
is c o n t r a : : ~ I.c. i,tic t cuch lnc j o f L h r i s t . '
T h i n v i o l c l n c s is n o t o n l y p h y s i c e l . I
t
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mean t o r a y t h a t v i o l e n c e h a s n o p l a c e i n t
h e t e a c h i n g o f t h e c h u r c h on f r e e d o m
a n d l i b e r a t i o n . The c h u r c h d o e s n o t s a y
t h a t w h i l e t h e o p p r e s s i v e r e g i m e r e s b r t
r
t o d i f f e r e n t t y p e a o f r e p r e s s i o n o f f r
e e d o m , t h e e o c i a l l y c o m m i t t e d c h r i e t i e
n
muot c o n t i n u e t o p r e a c h p e a c e . A t i m e may
come when e x h o r t a t i o n s , c o n d e m n c t i o n r ,
a n d n o n - v i o l e n t r e s i e t e n c e m u s t e n d a
n d b e r e p l a c e d by d i r e c t a c t i o n . I Thc c h u r
c h ham a~ c l e a r d o c t r i n e on J u s t war . P e o p l e
htave a r i g h t t o t a k e u p mrms ' I a e a l s e t r o e o r
t i n d e f e n c e o f t h e m s e l v e s a n d t h e i r i n t s
r e e t . T h e r e a a n b e n o I t r u e p a a c e w i t h o u t
J u e t i c e , a n d i f v i o l e n c e i s t h e o n l y way l e
f t t o ' a c h i e v e
j u s t i c e who wmuld p r e v e n t i t . T h l a ~ a i d , t
h e g o a l o f t h e k ingdom t h a t C h r i o t
cemo t o e s t a b l i s h , t h e c l i m a x o f t h e l i b e
r a t i o c ha b r i n g 8 t o t h e t l pooro l a n d
" o p p r e e e e d " i o p e a c e ; e n d t h e way t o i t ,
a s s h c w ~ i z h i s b;rds 2nd e x a m p l a i a
p e a c e , The firqkerr The p r i e o t whc c a n t s t c t a
a: i , e t s t ~ i ~ a u ~ i a l r a u p u ~ i s i b i l i -
t i e o c a n g o beyond c o u n e e l l i n g . H s c a n h a l
p l ~ n k t h e n e e d y w i t h communi ty
r s m o u r c e s . He o a n become o e o c i e i b r o k e r .
He u q c o v e r s rand c l e a r 1 3 t.he r c u t o a b w t u r
~
b e t w e e n t h e n e e d y e n d t h e r e s c u r c 8 d i r
t r i b u t o r a . T h e s e may b e p u b l i c o r v o l u n t a
r y ,
o r e v e n p r i v a t e . The s e r v i c e a y e n c i e e n
e e a t h e p o p u l a t i o ~ ~ t u 8 ~ r v 1 5 , :>rid t h
e
p o p u l a t i o n n e e d o a p l a c e t o t u r n t a f o r
h e l p . He d o e e n o t o n l y t e l l o r p o i n t
o u t t h e r e s o u r c e c e n t r m t o t h e n e e d y . He
p r o v i d e s a c c e s s , , 1 - i ~ h e l p s t o see t h a
t
t h e y g e t t o t h e c e n t r e o f h e l p . The n s s d y
m i g h t g e t t o t h a c e n t r e b u t f o r c e s
w i t h i n h i f f icc~l f (a.9 l a c k o f s e l f - c o n f i
o e n c e o r a s s e r t i v e n e e s j o r f o r c e s i n t h
e
c e n t r e ( e g . c o r r u p t i o n ) c a n pre!!;l!lt ! ? i
m f r o m g e t t l n g t h e n e e d e d s e r v i c e e w h i c
h
t h e c e n t r e o f f e r o . Tho b r o k e r , t h e r e f o
r e , d o o b f iat c o n e i d e r h i a J o b d o n e u n t i l
1
t h e c l i s n t h a s r u c e i v e d t h e r ~ q u ~ r e d s
s r ~ i c e s . T h i s r o l e c a n bs p l a y e d when
i n f o r m i n g u n e m p l b y e d y o u t h e a b o u t j o
b o p p o r t u n i t i a a i n t h e communi ty a n d e n v i r o
n ,
i n h e l p i n g i l l i t s r a k e a d u l t s L o i i t : ~
r a c y c l a a a e r i , i ~ t b r i n y l n q rrrokhb~.u dnd t n
e i r
c h i l d r e n t o p r e v c n t i v a h c ~ ? t h c a r e c ~
i ~ t ~ a a , i l l u p a ~ ~ i r ~ y credits t o t h e p o o r i
n
t h e c i t i e e s lnd v i l l a g a s , i n r e a c h i n g f
e r t i l i z e r a n d o t h e r s u b e i d i r e d f a r m i n p
u t 8
t o p o o r f ~ r m c r a , i n s h a r i n g p o l i t i c a l
power , i n l e a d i n g s p i r i t u a l l y n e e d y p e o p l
e
t o m i n i a t e r e w i t h s p e c i a l c h a r i e m s ' t
o h e l p them e t c . The b r o k e r r o l e i 8 p l a y e d
when t h e p r i e e t Q i n d e " a n g e l s " t o s p o n 8 o
r a e p i r i n o young b u t p o o r t a l e n t s t o
a c t u a l i z e d themselves i n l e a r n i n g o r s a t i s
t i c a n d s a t c c i e n t i f i c p r o d u c t i o n s , o
r
t o eponc1c,r s r l y p h i l a n t t r o p i c C E L C ~ U . W
l ti1 t h e i n c r e a s i n g c o m p l e x i t y o f u r b s n -
v) l i f e i n h i g a r l a , arid i h e c n r l u p t i u ~ ~ , n
e p o t i s m a n d f a v o u r i t i s m i n N i g e r i e p u b l
i c
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s e r v i c o , oommurce e n d ; u l i t i c s , t h e n e e d f
o r s o c i a l b r o k e r a g e becomee more u r g e n t .
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to ' t l l i , , cdcccjes ih l~a t o arrcryt:ctiy, a n d
o f f e r o d w i L l ~ u u t i i u m i i i a t i n c _ r h ~ ;
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u l d b e
v e r y e a a y , j u t a t t e l l i n g t h e s e o k e r oP h
o l p w h e r e t o go. B u t t h i s i s n o t t h e c a a e .
1 t makes soma demand on t h s b r o k e r . f n r ? p p r j o s
t l ( r e 1 i g i 31 a f o ~o a g c _ q brr,ker
h a i r e x p s c L u d ( 1 ) t o know t h e r e s o u r c e s i
n h i e c o m m u n i t f , a t e t e a n a c o u n t r y ,
( 2 ) t o h u s b v n d t h e s e resources-hy p s i n J a i n i
n _ g p c o n t e _ c t and cordial r e - l a t i - o n e h i g - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
w i t h t h a n , utld ( 3 ) t o c r e a t e r e s o u r c e s w
n B r e L h e r e e r a n n 2 It' a g r o u p o f
p e o p l e i n t h e cn%mun:.ty n c e d a r t i s c - ~ u r c ~
d w i - i c h be f i r d a i n n o w h e r e a r o u n d , r a t h
e r 5
t h a n d i e m i s s i n g t h o i d e a a s i m p r a c t i c
a l , i m p o s s i b l e e n d I3ebit f o r a n o t h e r p a r s
o n
t o h a n d l e , t h e p r l s s t c o u l d wcrk t n c z a t h
a t t h i s r e e 2 u r c G i s p r ~ ~ ~ i c t ~ t i u s n
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c a t e r i n g f o r t h e unmarried m o t h s r e , c a r e f
o r t h e a g e d , t r r m i n a l l y ill, rePugeor,
o r p h e n s e tc . He o a n b r g i n t h i a by m o b i l i z
i n g t h e n e e d y t h e m s e l v e s o r o t h s r I
p e o p l e i n t h r communi ty . The r o l e o f b r o k e r a
g f a d p re suppoee t i i t h a t t h e i n t e r t a ~ t ,
o f t h e n r e d y a n d t h a t o f a g e n c y w i t h t h e
r e s o u r c e a r e c o m p l e m t n ~ r y . PnxmRf t I
O n @ o f f e r r w h e t t h e o t h s r n e e d a . ~ h j b r
o k e r l i n k e them up. c 1
The R e d i e t o r t A more i n v o l v e d r o l e t h e n t h
o s e d i j c u s s o d i s t h a t o f s m e d i a t o r .
R o d i a t i a n i n v o J . v e s e f f o r t s t o r e s o l
v e c o n P l l c t s o r d i 3 p u t s . The p r e s u m p t i o n
i n
m e d i a t i o n i e t h a t t h e r e i e e common l?:iild btj
tuesin t h e t u o ~ i d c o i n t h e d i e p u t s .
When r e u u l v i r ~ g d i s p u t e s w i i l n e l p t h e n
e e d y o n e 8 r e a c n c e r t a i n U e a i r e d g o e l e ,
bhe
p r i o o t o soumeo t h e r o l e o f o m~d:at .r ;? , a n d t
r i ~ s to 7 e I p the fboi3t,iee f i n d 0 b e r i a
f o r r u s o l u i n y t h o c o n f l i c t . He p o s l t l o
n s himeelf b e t w o e n thsrn a n d t r i e s t o h e l p '
e a c h r e a c h o u t f o r t h e o t h e r , t h a z a h y f
r c s - t c g t h n m f 3 c o n t r i b u t e t o e a c h o t h e r
' s % v
w e l f a r o , tiu crius t o b r l n g a b o u t s c n n e r g
e n c e o f p o r c o i w e d v e l u e s o f b o t h p a r t i e s
h
a n d t o h e l p e ~ c h o n e r e c o y n i e e t h e i e g i
t j w c y o f ' the o t k i s r . ' ~ i n t c r t i u ' t u .
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b r o k e r i3 e x p e c t c d
1. t o e x p o s e t h e common gro~11!cl u i ~ wl i ich t h e ~
I U G j J S ~ t i ~ 8 ~ 1 2 t h d i f f ~ ~ ~ i l ~ i n t e r @ $ t
I I I
will u g r u e , I
2, To i d s n t i f y t h e o b e t e c l e e wk1ich a i a c b a
c u r i n g t h l ~ i r v i s i o n o f t h e common bond
and c h a l l u n g e b o t h r i d e s t o f i n d a way a r o
u f l d t h e o b s t a c l a . I
3. To d e f i n e . t h e l imits of' t h e s i t u a t i o n ;
i
4. To p r o v i d e r u l v u b l n t i n f o r m b t l c j n on
t h c ~ s s u ~ o f d i s p u t 6 t o b o t h p a r t i e s t r ~ I
I
rnokcr Lliem @ m r e t h e information t h e y h h v e w i t h
ol io d r ; o t h c r ; ( i n f o r m a t i o n I
n o t o p k n i o n o ) $ b
5. To p r o j ~ c t an j n s g s o f h i m c ~ e l f a s a p e r
s o n who s t a n d s f o r t h s w e l f a r e o f b o t h I
p a r t i s s . F I R s i d c r ~ t r;cine b t ~ t r r : t t i r
l t :~ ins t hair t.ns o u t c o m e o f opmn a n d h o n e s t
c o m m u t i i c a t l o n b e t w n r ~ n p taople u h o ! ~ e
~ d e a c h o t h e r w i l l b e t o t h e i r m u t u a l
b e n o f i t. I I
Tho broknr ~ ~ q n - e l p s r e ~ u a r r i u n nnd rucr l r :c
! ' . l i~ \ l i r ! r : t ~ c h n i q u o n clnd p r o c e d u r e
s t o r s c o n -
c i l v tno par i i ~ r i . The p i l r t i e s may ba t h e r l
c h a n d t h o l o u r , t h e p o w e r f u l a n d t h e
p o w e r l s s s b l t h i n ti ib a m c u i u r w o r l o o r
w l t n i n t h e c h u r c h . I
I The A d v o c a t a t _ The p r i r p s t / r e i l ~ i r u e
m a y h c ir ,sre a c t i v e l y : n v o l ~ a d i n c o r ~ f r o
n t i n g
t h e f o r c e s o p p r b l s s i n g t h e p o o r L y
1;Ea;.i:1.3 kt, ; ~ l d u r \ c a c . i r132eb I n t h i s r o l e
ha
2 bscornea t h e spt9mker f o r t h e o p p r k s s c d , ana a
r g u b s t h e i r cause, He e t o p e j n t o
t- h e l p e v i c t i m r;at,i: h i e r i g h t o r ~ n t j l e
r r : e : ~ , t , L l ~ i i 3 i n :md:c t i c n o n e s e e k s a r
r a o l u -
/'
t i o n t h r o u g h gi \ i t i untz: t a k e on t ~ u t h c i
d r : o , in i d ~ l > c a c Y t t - , c . a lm is t o w ln f o
r t h o --.- - ----.
I I When a d v o c a c y ro1.s i e , t a k e n nna a x p s c t e
t ! le .',;3@gtjt s y s t e r r ~ t o t a k o a n d d v e r s a r y
.! :
I $ 1 8 , 11
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o p p r e a s s d COT, t l n u e e t o e u f P e r - t h e ~ - ~
~ ~ ~ a c y - - l a r a d o x . Hdvr?coc*j ole i s o n e u h i c h
tha p r i s e t s h o u l d be v c r y ~ 1 o d a n d c a r e f u l
t o assume+ I t c a n beoome r
o o n t u r r t d h i c h n c l i t h i r r b i d e i u p r o p
o r e d t o l o b e . The n e o d y J e t h o o n u who r u f f e r
a
a8 t h e a d v o c s t c e n d t h e n d v a r s a r y e e c h
seek 2 t c t a l v i b c t ~ ~ y r C o n p t o n a u g q e e t
r
t h a t . 1 1 7 a s e u r n i n g the , r o l e o f a n a d u 0
c e i . e T a r t h e ;reedy, onu t i h o t ~ l d l e a r n
Prom
r h o u l d be i n f o r m e d czf t h u c o s t U S f a i l u r
e . I' A h a l p e r s h o " l d es;ume a n a d v o c a c y
r o l u i f ond nrr ly if h i s c l c t i v i t ~ e s i n o t h
e r roles h a v e F a i . l c d tr, p r o d ~ r e t h e
d e s i r e d r e s u l t . Whsn he ~ s s u m e ~ t h e rclo h e
ii1L-t L A Y iu I I I ~ K ~ a t YBIOY r 'or t h e
t r r a v t e y s t e m ( t h e a d v e r e e r y ) t o s a y l
lyee" t o h im a n d y e t c a v e h i e ( a d v e r a e r y ' s
)
f a c e . As a g e n e r u l r u l e a h e l p e r s h o ~ r l d
n o t ~ s s u r n s a n a d m ~ n c ~ c i / r o l u i ~ t l e n d o
i n g
so w i l l h u r t h i s c l i e n t 8 t h c rnors .
The T e a c h e r : , T h e p r i e o t ; i s c o n e t i t u t
i v a l y tr t e a c h a r , Gr; &ducator. i r l ~ ~ a t h e r
o n
t h e a l t a r o r p u p p u l p i t , i n t h a c s i I f a s
~ i o n a l , i n t h o o f f i c e , i n t h e c l e s a r o o @
,
or i n t h e p a r i s h h a l l , w h e t e v e r a p e c i f i
c f u n c t i o n h e may he e n g a g e d i n , h e i a a
t e r a h e r , o n e c o m m i t t e d t o t e a c h i n g t h
e p e o p l e t o " o b s e r v e a l l t h i n g s t h ' s t I h a
v e
coiyi;landsci yau" (Pl t . 2 8 8 2 0 ) . L i v i n ~ j u e t 1 .
y i e sine ci" t k c s cccmaands. T h e ~ u e t i c r d ,
o f J e e u e ' f o l l . o w s r s m u s t 6 ~ ~ 6 i 3 d t h a
t o f t i -~e s c r i b f l a ~ 1 7 r 1 p n n r i ? e e o ( f i t .
5;&8$.20) . .. t t x k r T h y n iuc t bo p e r f e c t e s t h
e i r h e a v e q l y P a t h o r i s p e r f e c t (flt. 5 8 4 8 )
. I t
i s t h o d u t y o f s t h e p r i e s t / r e l i g i o u s t
o show h i s c h a r g o how t o dc t h e s e , how t o
I I l i v e r i q h t e o u s l y , a n d how t n l i b ~ r a t
e tho3c h c l 3 c o p t i v a . f i n a u l d n e l p p r o v i d
s
t h e o p r , & o a o a d the i n f o r m a t i o n ( n o t
a d v i o e j n e e d e d t o c o p s w i t h t h e i r p r o b l e
m
o i t u a t i o n . C i u i 1 1 9 a d v i c e l m p l i e e t h
e t t b c h e l - ~ r ~ l r ~ i j d y knows t h e anarwsr .
C i v i n p i ~ ~ ? n ~ r ! n d t i u n ::loene u u p p l y i n
p tnt: c.:Lk!;;t d i t h d a t a , f a c t s , i m p u t e n d
k n o w l e d g e w h i c h t h e c l i e n t i o f r u ~ iu u s
e :n 1 1 S e r a t e h i a s a l f * 'I 4
T ~ L ) p r i e ~ t uhan h e I s t e a c h i n g i e , h o w n v
e r , t o rem~rnber t h e t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
h e i~ g i v i n g i n p a r t ui" ~ i i u social ~ x p e r : e
r ~ c e oP t h e needy hs i e t r y i n g t o ,, . \ 8 ' ,
h e l p . t i e should, t h e r t r f c ~ r e ~ l a u o i d e b
a o l u t e d o g m a t i a m s t a n c e w h e r e n o dogma i e
I
i n v p l v e d . Huzzn gi -uwth Lakes p l e c e o n l y w h F R
+I19 c l i e n t i :~ aha8 t o a b s t r a c t .
r a l a v a r ~ t vuluus e n d c o n c s p t v Y-:om t h e i n f
o r m a t i o n p r u v i d a d , i n t e r n a t i z s l them
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a n d a c t t f r o m t h e s e c o n v i c t i o n s . k l a o
the p r i e z t ( i n h i s t s a c : ~ r ~ y ) wnan h a 5
d
e x p r e v s e e e n o p i n i o n s h o u l d e o i d e n t i
f y i t . H i s f u n c t i o n is p s r f o r m o d i f h s
h e l p 8 t h e p e o p l e ( t h e o p p r e e e o r a mnd t h
e o p p r e s s e d ) u n d e r s t s n d t h e e x i s t i n g
8 o c i a l s i t u a t i o n , t h e n a t u r e a n d s c o e
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p e t ~ p l u ' s p r o b l ? r n o , at t i ! t h e a c t i o n s
t h a t
maku t h i i r i L b t u GIUKU mt>cininc_lrul.
L'htlrecteristic n f t h i s r o l e i~ t h v t i t i s t h e
d e v e l o p t .he nucssbary s k t l l e . , Tp,6 ( ir isgst ,
i n t n l a u a s s 3 5 3 i s t 3 .;ha p s r u u n ( s ) b e i n
g
., h e l p o d to i d e n t i f y and m o b i l i z r ; bt1c3n
:~ i ;~o :hut thu ; I I s n t ",ti 11~1.1 ;,?ow ~ t ~ a t h r a b
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p.osueeced, Ths p r i e s t i n t b l 3 cnss i s o n l y e f a c
i l i t a t o r , T b i ~ , a ~ p r o a c h c a n be I
ueod t o h61p t h ~ ~ s e d y e f P ~ c t t h o d e e i r e d c
h d n g e i n themselr~os u r i n the e n v i r o n m e n t
Some y o u n g and o n t h u s i s t i c p r 4 ~ 6 t s ' a n d r
e l i g i o u e f i n d t h i s r o l e i n ' c o m p r r h e n r i
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k n o u l ~ d g a o r e x p e r i e n c e o f h i 6 ~ r o b l e
m , h i 6 l i f e s i t u a t i o n , t h e i n c o n v e n k a n c
e a
anc! n h s t a c l a 3 o n tble wab/. The ~ ~ r i e s t ha.; a -
. ~ a c Y . t l . k n o w l a d e s t~l.iaau!i,e of' h i 8 .
- p r n f a s a i o n e l . k r a i n l n g i n n h i l a a o p
h y e n d ' 2 h a o l a ~ ) ; r I IJG e x p o r t s , e a c h i n h
i e own I t ia wit): t h i n I I I I ~ R . S ~ R ~ I C ~ ~ Z C J th
i i t +,hay m a e t $ 0 d i a c u e s , e a c h l e a r n i n g f r
o m
t l lu o t h e r a n d a l s o inf'o..-ming thc.5 o t h b r .
From t h i s k i n d o P ' c o n : ? 1 ~ I i ~ t . ~ ~ ; 1 0 ~ 7 t
h u y
dec.idfl w h r t l 8 tr, t e d o n e a n d w h ~ t eech w i l l
c m t r i b u t i t o re!.!.d\~ld t3e d i s t r e s e 6 n g
s i t u n t l o n . The p r i e s t .In t h e e x s r c i s o
+sIk~s s p c ~ t n r e t h e t makes t h e c l i e n t a c c e p
t
t h e t he t o o ir" e e c n f e r ~ a e , a n d i ~ o t Juot .
t! isrt! t r , t:t: t o l d : ~ ~ h s t , t o d c > , ,
T h o p r l e e t n r r e l i q i o u s whc~ k:;'s a : p ~ c ! n
l s c s l q n m e n t i n t h e s o c i a l m i n i a t r y
mc) f i n d h . i m s e l f a l s o p : l e y i ~ g t h e r o l
e s o f a n e l y s t , p l a n n e r , o r g a n i z e r , and
1 6 a d n l r i ~ i t r t ? ? . ~ ~ : ~ .
To p l a y t h e e e r o l o s a d e q u a t e l y , c s l r t a
i n t h i n g s a r e r e q u i r e d o f c h e ' p r i l a s t
/
r e l i g i o u e r x I
1. He muot h a v e c u f f i c i e n t knowL'edgr o f t h e s o
c i a l d o c t r i n e of t h a c h u r c h , n o t
so much t o t e a c h i t t o o t h r z r a b u t l i v e i t
hinl : .e lf , iie ;nus t h a b e # + g a r s f l i t 1 1 con-
vrrrc; ion t o a l i f e o f comrnftrncnt t o t h e c a u s e o
f t h e puor etrd the u i 7 ~ ~ r p r : \ r i l e g e d ,
t h e i r f i r e t c r r d e n t i a l s w o u l d b e t h e t
r a d i t i o n a l s i g n s o f t h e p r o p h e t ; p o v e r t
y o f
r l i f e s t y l e , n o l u g g n o e , n o money c r f o o d
: o n l y . t h e c l o t h e s on t h e i r back.. They
mimt be d e p e n d e n t o n God l i k b i,ho b i r d c of' t h
e a i r (flk.6:7-13). S t . F r a r i c i e o f
A s e i c c d e m o n e t r a t e d t h e t t h i s i n j u c t
i o n c a n b e c a r r i e d o u t . The N i g e r i a n p r i e c
t
o r r e l i g i o h e o e n n o t r e a l l y bo s e r i o u s l
y co inrn i t te t l t o t h e p r o m o t i o n o f e u ~ i a
l
j u s t i c e i f h e d o e 8 n o t r a x a m f ~ c ! : ~ s l i
f t r s t y l u I n t h o m i d s t u f t h e p r e v ~ i l i n g
meaa
p o v e r t y i n t h e c o u n t r y . Hs c c n n o t h a u 8 t
h e c c u r a c e t o p l a y h i s p r o p h s t i c r o l e
i r o o c j o t y i f h e i s J o i n i n 5 o t k a r ~ i n t h
l r s t r h c s o f ~ c c u m u l e t i o n o f m a t e r i e l
t h i n r j s . H i s s c v e r e i c e r s , h j ~ h o q u ~ hc
iuss t ho : e t a n d o u t f r o m t h e s u r r o u n d i n g
a
b ~ ! f l d i n q s t h e e x p e n s i v e f u r n i s h i n g
a n d dress, e t c a r e t h i n g s t h a t n e e d c r i t i c a
l J . .
- L: 2, As.- a 'teacher h e m u s t h e l p o r g a n i z e ;
,aople t o s t u d y t h e s a d o q t c i n e s . T h o i r . . 1
k n o w l e d g e w i l l p u t a m o t i ~ e f o r c 3 i n t o p a
o p l o , HH c o u l d o r g a n i z e l e c t u r e s , I
r , d s : i n a r s and w o r k s h o p s on t ha s o c i n ? d
o c t r i n n q o f t h e C a t h o l i c Church . .. 3. The s t u
d y i s n o t m e r e l y s s p e c u l a t i v e o n e . I t must
be geared t o u 3 r c ' 2 p r a c t i c e .
To d o t h i s wel l t h e p r i e s t m u s t t r a i n h i m s
e l f on t h e a r t o f c r i t i c a l o b a e r v s t i o n
.
He nu6t h a v e w i d e e y e s , b r o a d e a r s a n d s m e
l l mouth . He m u e t gee t h o b-urdsn o f
-
were second hand o r t h i r d - h a n d i n t e r p r e t a t i
o n s o f t h e b u r d e n s o r qrodns.
T h e priesat must h o l p g a t h e r t h n .... a f f l i c t
e d t o u x p r e s s t h e m s e l v e s ,
become ewars o? t h e i r p r n h l e m s a n d t h a i r
causes, a n d d e c i d e w h a t t o d o a b o u t
tham. He may n o t g a t t he b ~ t i t c o o p e r a t i o n a
n d s u p p o r t from t h o v e r y v u l n e r s b l r
p e o p l e a t t h e b e g i n n i n q . Moses bad s h a r d t
i m e c o n v l l ~ c f n ~ thca T o r a e l i t i e t a
t h a t t h n y s h o u l d l e a v e t h e l i f e o f e l m v
e r y i n E g y p t f o r o l i f e o f f reedom
( E x . 4 : 1 - 9 ; 5 r ? l ; 6:9),
Tho p r i e s t a d d r e s s e s n i s m i n i s t r y t o thu
e u r t e r i n g masses a t t h e b o t t o m
o f the po1.i t i c a l , s o c i a l , e n o n c m i c , c u l
t u r a l o r r e l i g l . o u s powor: ; l y c a 1 n i d s
and
t o thn privileged faw fit t h e t o p o f t h o pvramids w h o
s e p e r s o n a l a c t s o r
Y e v o u r i n g s t r r i c t u r s a may h a v e u ' . i a ~
~ ' \ ~ ~ f l t i a g e J I;hu i'orn~er, i ie &la0 addrest3
h i s m i n i s t r y t b t h e t e c h n o c r e t e in t h e
1nidd.is w h o s e s e r v i c e e make i t p o s s i b l e
r o r s3mn p n " p l e t o e n J o y p r 4 1 ~ i l s g e s
whl?.o o t h 3 r e remain i n o p p : u ~ ~ i C I n , He
ahowti e a c h g r o u p t h a t the s o l f d ~ r l t y o f the
I~urnan P e t n l l y b r ~ ~ u i n a a l l t o work
t o ~ a t h a r t o r t h e proqraaa o f a l l . E v e r y body
a e i n s by work in^ f o r t h e pro-
urese o f h i s b r o t h e r s a n d sisi::3r.e. o \ ~ a n i f
th:.s may moan o l i t t l e i n c o n v s n i . e n c e
t o o n e s e l f .
on 1 3 t h F s b r u a r y 1 9 d 2 , W6rned t,cem n o t ti, p u
t t h e i r J o y i n money and w h e t
r , ~ o n o y * e e n buy. He u r g e d t h a t t h e y l _ r n
~ ~ > ~ - l g i f i t i , f ~ _ w i t h t h e p o o r , aao a 8
t o
[ I , , ,3ole to b r i n g tharr t h e u p l l f t l n q r i o a
p s l o f c h r i a t r ' " l . T h i s 13 an
be w o r t h h i e 0 ~ 1 1 ,
-
1. Akukwa, f r a n c i r Nnalue " T h e C a t h o l i c Church a
n d S o c i a l D s v ~ S c t p r n e n t i n Easte rn N i g e r i
a n i n The C a t h o l i c Church i n O n i t s h a , V . A .
Nwosu Ed., U n i t s h a l Etukokwu Proee 1985, p. 217 - 221.
2, dyrno, Iony, Work inq Fcr 3 u s t i ? ? o n i P P E ~ E . ,
Kdola, Zambia: P l f s a i o n P r e h c , 1980 , p. 10.
P a u l V I , Evonqelii Num t i and?, 1977. Jonn 11 j u l i t l
~ ~ ! ~ p ~ i :;b: l k l i ii. 1787
4. Hyrno, Opa, C i t p , 3 1 - 3 2 5, O u s ~ h s r a t , k c t
o r 3. 5yvc rn t i v n n w a o f thu H.uman F;qmily, Waehinqton
D,C,
-a-.----. ---.-.- -̂ ---.--.. USCC, 1976, p. 21 - 22 .
a 6. n i d d l o m ~ ~ n , R.H. o t 01, Soi ; i&; S B r v l
c t : Del iver : h i / Srruckuroi ';lll;;1'rr:~tt:Ii +---
~ I J !j ,cial uo:.lc Flyac :.icr:, P:gw Y:lri .. ----- ;;I*-
--.- - ~ G C C ~ ~ ~ I U ~ B ~ ; O .--.-- S o c i a l w & e r ,
Cambridga, Rasar 1978, p. G O .
7'1. Comptorn, C i t p. l U 9 , q u o t i n g M A ~ ~ ( l 9 7 3
) , s t a r r c a r a s Tor 5 ~ ~ i d . L ; t r ; , l ce ~Qunpowrrr
Neu Yurk; Ck.ldi , p. 4 - 5 .
13, Comptcn, Cps f i t . ;, 7 1 9
2009-08-27T02:45:52-0700Ojionuka Arinze B.I have reviewed this
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