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Laboratorio di Statistica per la Ricerca Sociale e Educativa Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi. University of York, 27 - 29 th July 2011 3rd Conference of the International Society for Child Indicators - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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University of York, 27 - 29 th July 2011
3rd Conference of the International Society for Child Indicators
‘‘Italian validation of three American scales Italian validation of three American scales aimed at measuring children’s well-aimed at measuring children’s well-
beingbeing’. ’.
Beatrice Tommasi-Elena RuviglioniBeatrice Tommasi-Elena Ruviglioni(Università degli Studi di Firenze)(Università degli Studi di Firenze)
Laboratorio di Statistica per la Ricerca Sociale e Educativa
Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi
‘‘Child well-being’Child well-being’
Why this topic?Why this topic?
- Child well-beingChild well-being
- The welfare of the whole societyThe welfare of the whole society
‘‘Child well-being’Child well-being’
1.1.Indirect evaluationIndirect evaluation
2.2.Children’s direct involvement Children’s direct involvement
1. 1. INDIRECT EVALUATIONINDIRECT EVALUATION
• Social indicators:Social indicators:
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘89)- Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘89)- BROFENBRENNER’S BIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL - BROFENBRENNER’S BIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL
(Bronferbrenner, 1998)(Bronferbrenner, 1998)- UNICEF;- UNICEF;- OECD;- OECD;- CWI (Land, 2001);- CWI (Land, 2001);- CHILD (2002)- CHILD (2002)- KIDS COUNT (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003);- KIDS COUNT (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003);- CHILD FOCUSED APPROACH (Hood, 2005);- CHILD FOCUSED APPROACH (Hood, 2005);- ISQOLS (‘90)- ISQOLS (‘90)
2. 2. CHILDREN’S DIRECT CHILDREN’S DIRECT INVOLVEMENT INVOLVEMENT
to obtain their point of viewto obtain their point of view
criteriacriteria used in order to select the used in order to select the questionnairequestionnaire: :
- - Children’s direct Involvement;Children’s direct Involvement;
- - Defined age range (from third to fifth grade Defined age range (from third to fifth grade of Primary school);of Primary school);
- Free availability of the questionnaire’ - Free availability of the questionnaire’ versions;versions;
- Wide validation.- Wide validation.
• Literature review:Literature review:
- CSDQ (Crandall et al., 1965)- CSDQ (Crandall et al., 1965) - PANAS-C (Laurent et al., 1999)- PANAS-C (Laurent et al., 1999) - SLSS (Huebner, 1991)- SLSS (Huebner, 1991) - MSLSS (Huebner, 1994)- MSLSS (Huebner, 1994) - BMSLSS (Huebner, 1997)- BMSLSS (Huebner, 1997) - COSS (Randolph et al., 2008)- COSS (Randolph et al., 2008)
- - Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleStudents’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1991)(Huebner, 1991)
- - Multidimensional Students’ Life Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994) (Huebner, 1994)
- - Brief Multidimensional Students’ Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1997) (Huebner, 1997)
Three questionnaires met the objectives Three questionnaires met the objectives described above:described above:
SLSSSLSSMSLSSMSLSS
BMSLSSBMSLSSTopics:Topics:
- Family Family - FriendsFriends- SchoolSchool- Living environmentLiving environment- Self Self - Life as a wholeLife as a whole
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey:SATISFACTION’ survey:
• STUDY 1 STUDY 1
Objective: Italian validation of three Objective: Italian validation of three scalesscales
• STUDY 2STUDY 2
Objective: surveyObjective: survey childrens’ point childrens’ point of viewof view
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of three scalesthree scales
• The questionnaire:The questionnaire:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
What year were you born?What year were you born?
Where were you born?Where were you born?
You are: orYou are: or You live with: You live with: - Both parents;- Both parents;
- A single parents;- A single parents;
- Brothers/sisters;- Brothers/sisters;
- Grandparents;- Grandparents;
- Friends;- Friends;
- Other.- Other.
What’s your parents’ jobs? - mother:What’s your parents’ jobs? - mother:
- father:- father:
Do you have your own bedroom?Do you have your own bedroom?-yes -no-yes -no
Do you have a computer in your home?Do you have a computer in your home? -yes -no-yes -no
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1survey: study 1
• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of three scalesthree scales
• The tool:The tool:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
How much do you agree with the How much do you agree with the
following statements?following statements?
- I would like to change things in my - I would like to change things in my
lifelife- Life is great- Life is great- I have a good life- I have a good life- My life is better than most kids- My life is better than most kids
Response options:Response options:
- Strongly Disagree - Strongly Disagree - Moderately Disagree- Moderately Disagree- Mildly Disagree- Mildly Disagree- Mildly Agree- Mildly Agree- Moderately Agree- Moderately Agree- Strongly Agree- Strongly Agree
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1survey: study 1
• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of three scalesthree scales
• The tool:The tool:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale
• FAMILY:FAMILY:- My parents and I do fun things together- My parents and I do fun things together- I enjoy being at home with my family- I enjoy being at home with my family
• FRIENDS: FRIENDS: - I wish I had different friends- I wish I had different friends- I have a lot of fun with my friends- I have a lot of fun with my friends
• SCHOOL:SCHOOL:- I like being in school- I like being in school- School is interesting- School is interesting
• LIVING ENVIRONMENT:LIVING ENVIRONMENT:- I like where I live- I like where I live- I like my neighborhood- I like my neighborhood
• SELF:SELF:- I am a nice person- I am a nice person- I like myself- I like myself
Response options:Response options:- Never- Never- Sometimes- Sometimes- Often- Often- Almost always- Almost always
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
• Objective: Italian validation Objective: Italian validation of three scalesof three scales
• The tool:The tool:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life
Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale
- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s
Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
BMSLSSBMSLSS
Questions:Questions:- I would describe my - I would describe my
satisfaction with my satisfaction with my family life asfamily life as
Response options (7):Response options (7):- Terrible- Terrible- Unhappy- Unhappy- Mostly satisfied- Mostly satisfied- Mixed (about equally - Mixed (about equally
satisfied and dissatisfied)satisfied and dissatisfied)- Mostly dissatisfied- Mostly dissatisfied- Pleased- Pleased- Delighted- Delighted
BMSLSS italian versionBMSLSS italian version
Questions:Questions:- Are you satisfied with your - Are you satisfied with your
family life?family life?
Response options (5):Response options (5):
- terribly unhappy- terribly unhappy- dissatisfied- dissatisfied- satisfied and equally- satisfied and equally dissatisfied (mixture), dissatisfied (mixture), - satisfied,- satisfied,- very satisfied- very satisfied
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of three scalesthree scales
• The tool:The tool:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale
- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale
- Face Scale- Face Scale
• Question:Question:
How much are you happy?How much are you happy?
• Response options:Response options:
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of
three scalesthree scales
• The tool:The tool:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale
- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale
- Face Scale- Face Scale
- Weather Scales- Weather Scales
• Questions:Questions:
- When you are at school how do you - When you are at school how do you feel?feel?
- When you are with your family how do - When you are with your family how do you feel?you feel?
- When you are with your friends how do - When you are with your friends how do you feel?you feel?
• Response options:Response options:
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1• Sample: Sample: 235235 children (III-IV-V of Primary School) children (III-IV-V of Primary School)
Procedures: - Contact with Procedures: - Contact with school management/teachersschool management/teachers
- - Signed permission by children’s parents Signed permission by children’s parents
- Administering the questionnaire (presence of - Administering the questionnaire (presence of researcher) researcher)
CountCount PercentagePercentage
FemaleFemale 128128 5555
MaleMale 107107 4646
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
• Analysis of internal consistency Analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha(Cronbach’s Alpha):):
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale αα = 0.75= 0.75
- Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
Family Family αα =0.68=0.68
Friends Friends αα = 0.83= 0.83
School School αα =0.83 =0.83
Living environment Living environment αα =0.74=0.74
Self Self α α =0.74=0.74
- Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale αα = 0.75= 0.75
αα total = 0.76 total = 0.76
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1
The presence of researcher in the classes The presence of researcher in the classes
changes
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1 survey: study 1 (changes)(changes)
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Satisfaction Scale
- Brief Multidimensional - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Scale
- Face Scale - Face Scale
- Weather Scale - Weather Scale
.. brothers/sistersbrothers/sisters→→ . . BrothersBrothers . . SistersSisters
. . My life is better than most kids My life is better than most kids →→ that I knowthat I know
. . My family is better than most kids My family is better than most kids →→
that I knowthat I know. . Almost always Almost always → → alwaysalways
. . No changeNo change
. Do you like your neighbors?Do you like your neighbors?
. . Do you like your house?Do you like your house?
. . Do you like the area you live in?Do you like the area you live in?
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2
• Objective: surveyObjective: survey childrens’ point of view childrens’ point of view
• The questionnaire:The questionnaire:
- - Demographic informationDemographic information
- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale
- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale
- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale
- Face Scale- Face Scale
- Weather Scales- Weather Scales
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2
Count Count Percentage Percentage
FemaleFemale 122122 4848
MaleMale 132132 5252
• Sample: 254 children (III-IV-V of Primary School)
The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2SATISFACTION’ survey: study 2
Analysis of internal consistency (Analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s AlphaCronbach’s Alpha):):
SLSS MSLSS Family
MSLSS Friends
MSLSS
School
MSLSS Living environment
MSLSS Self
MSLSSTotal
BMSLSS
STUDY 1 0.68 0.83 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.68 0.76 0.75
STUDY 2 0.72 0.80 0.85 0.81 0.70 0.72 0.78 0.74
Future applications Future applications
• To compare the well being of towns, cities and To compare the well being of towns, cities and countries countries
• To be aware of the living conditions of these To be aware of the living conditions of these places. places.
• Can be useful for many institutions: policy makers Can be useful for many institutions: policy makers and school managements can use it to improve and school managements can use it to improve services for citizens. services for citizens.
Thank you for Thank you for your attentionyour attention
Laboratorio di Statistica per la Ricerca Sociale e Educativa
www.starse.it