U.S. ConstitutionTest Review

Constitution Outline Preamble: Introduction to the Constitution-States

the Purpose Article One: Legislative Branch

Purpose: Make LawsAlternate Name: Congress

Article Two: Executive BranchPurpose: Enforce LawsAlternate Name: President

Article Three: Judicial BranchPurpose: Interpret LawsAlternate Name: Supreme Court

Constitution OutlineArticle Four: Relations with StatesArticle Five: Amendment ProcessArticle Six: National SupremacyArticle Seven: Ratification Amendments: Changes/Additions to

the ConstitutionHow Many?: 27First Ten are called: Bill of Rights

Article One-Legislative- Purpose: Make Laws

Purpose: Make LawsStructure: Bicameral

House of Representatives Members: 435 Term: 2 Years Head Title: Speaker of the House Plan: New Jersey Plan Qualifications: 25 years old

-citizen of US for 7 Years

-Live in the State you Represent Special Powers: Propose all money laws

-Impeach a federal official # Per State: Depends on Population

Senate Members: 100

Term: 6 Years

Head Title: President of the Senate * AKA-Vice President Power: Break Ties

2nd Head: President Pro Tempore

# Per State

Plan: Virginia Plan

Qualifications: 30 years old

-citizen of US for 9 years

-Live in state you represent

Special Powers: Approve Federal Appointments

-Ratify Treaties

-Try Impeached Officials

Filibuster: prolonged speech to block legislation

WHAT CAN CONGRESS DO?? FINANCIALLY:

Create and Collect Taxes Borrow Money Regulate Foreign Trade Coin Money

NON-FINANCIALLY: Admit New States Declare War Establish and Army/Navy Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)- ability

to make laws necessary to carry out Congress’ duties (EX. NASA)

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCHPurpose: Enforce LawsTitle of the Chief Executive: President

of the United StatesTerm: 4 YearsTerm Limit: 2 TermsElected by the Electoral College/ By

Majority VoteMust take an oath before taking office

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH Qualifications: At Least 35 years old A natural-born citizen of the US A resident of the US for at least 14 years Alternate Titles: chief of state, (2) chief

executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen.

Powers: Command of military, Pardons, Treaties, Appointments

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH Line of Succession:

1. Vice President

2. Speaker of the House

3. President pro tempore of the Senate

4. Secretary of State

Legislative Duty of the Vice President: Vote to Break Ties in the Senate

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH Purpose: Interpret Laws Highest Court: Supreme Court # of Members: 9 Term of Office: Life or Good Behavior Name of Judges on Supreme Court: Justice Head of Judicial Branch: Chief Justice Qualifications to be Judge or Justice: NO

QUALIFICATIONS SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH How can they be removed: By an impeachment trial

Creation of Lower Courts: Established by Congress

Hierarchy of Courts-

1. Supreme Court

2. Appellate Court (Appeals)

3. District Court

Types of Federal Cases:

1. Constitution Case

2. Violation of Federal Law

3. Between States

4. Parties from Different States

5. Suing Federal Government

6. Suing a Foreign Government

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH Original Jurisdiction: power to hear a case

for 1st time Appellate Jurisdiction: power to review a

lower courts decision Treason: Crime of betraying one’s country Judicial Review: power to review if a law or

gov. action is constitutional Court Case that Established Judicial

Review: Marbury v. Madison

BILL OF RIGHTS- 1ST AMENDMENT

1. Freedom of Speech

2. Freedom of Religion

3. Freedom of the Press

4. Freedom of Assembly

5. Freedom of Petition

BILL OF RIGHTS

2nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms

3rd Amendment: No Quartering Troops

4th Amendment

1. NO Illegal Search and Seizure

2. Must show probable cause

BILL OF RIGHTS- 5th AMENDMENT

1. No Double Jeopardy

2. No self-incrimination (I plead the 5th!)

3. Due Process

4. Right to Grand Jury Screening

5. Compensation for Eminent Domain

BILL OF RIGHTS- 6th AMENDMENT

1. Speedy and Public Trial2. Trial by Impartial Jury3. To be informed of charges4. To confront witnesses5. Right to an attorney

BILL OF RIGHTS7TH Amendment: Right to a jury trial in

federal civil cases8th Amendment:

1. No excessive bail

2. No cruel and unusual punishment9th Amendment: Protects rights not

explicitly stated in the Constitution10th Amendment: Powers not given to

the US are reserved to the States

Other Amendments 11th: States immune from out of state

lawsuits 12th: Revises Presidential Election Process 13th: Abolishes Slavery 14th: Defines Citizenship (Former Slaves

given rights of citizens) 15th: Right to Vote for Slaves 16th: Income Tax 17th: Senators Elected by popular vote 18th: Prohibit the manufacturing or sale of

alcohol

Other Amendments 19th: Women gain right to vote 20th: Changes Term Start Dates for President and

Congress 21st: Repeals 18th Amendment (Alcohol Legal Again) 22nd: Presidential Term Limits 23rd: Washington D.C. gains electoral college votes 24th: Prohibits Poll Tax 25th: Presidential Succession 26th: 18 year olds gain right to vote 27th: Congressional Salary Delay

Other Concepts covered in Test

Checks and Balances The System of

safeguards in the Constitution that prevents one branch of gov. from becoming stronger than the others

Bill of Rights The first ten

amendments added to protect people from the federal government

Other Concepts covered in Test

Expressed Powers Those powers explicitly

written in the Constitution

Reserved Powers Powers left to the

states

Other Concepts covered in Test

Veto When the president

refuses to sign a bill into a law

Impeachment The process of trying a

federal official with the intent to remove them from office