US History EOC Review

Industrial Revolution, Immigration, Gilded Age &

Progressivism

Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in response to the Industrial Revolution.

Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants coming to the United States settled in the cities along the east coast because

A.many factory jobs were available in the EastB.little farmland remained to be settled in the MidwestC.most immigrants came from the cities of EuropeD.city laws afforded special rights and protections for immigrants

Why did the United States follow a policy of open immigration during much of the 1800s?

A.many United States citizens wanted to live abroadB.the United States had a shortage of laborC.prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in fewer immigrants coming to the United StatesD.immigrants provided United States industry with investment capital

In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would be

A.essential to protect the rights of consumersB.necessary to provide jobs for the unemployedC.useful in competing with foreign nations D.harmful to economic growth

In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the economy by

A.limiting competitionB.decreasing the urban growth rateC.preventing technological innovationD.failing to keep pace with European industries

Which factor contributed the most to urbanization in the late 1800s?

A.assimilationB.industrializationC.imperialismD.nullification

In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies by

A.creating the Federal Trade CommissionB.strengthening the Supreme CourtC.adopting the Granger lawsD.passing the Sherman Antitrust Act

Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, JP Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons primarily because they

A.bought titles of nobility from foreign governmentsB.were ruthless in dealing with competitorsC.stole money from state and local governmentsD.gained all of their wealth by illegal means

A goal of the Progressive movement was to

A.reduce the government’s involvement in social issuesB.correct the problems caused by industrializationC.promote laissez-faire policiesD.promote settlement of land west of the Mississippi River

During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers?

A.Communists had taken control of the major unionsB.the government supported business efforts to limit the powers of unionsC.most unions had been organized by big businessD.most workers were satisfied with working conditions

The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota system were all attempts by Congress to restrict

A.immigrationB.property ownershipC.voting rightsD.access to public education

During the late 1800s, which group strongly supported an open immigration policy?

A.conservationistsB.nativistsC.factory ownersD.Southern farmers

During the Progressive Era, muckrakers published articles and novels primarily to

A.advance their own political careersB.make Americans aware of problems in societyC.help the federal government become more efficientD.provide entertainment for readers

In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because

A.the government supported business ownersB.most workers refused to take part in the strikeC.the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegalD.factory owners hired children to replace the strikers

Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are best known for

A.focusing attention on social conditionB.fighting for the civil rights of African AmericansC.promoting the interests of the American farmerD.supporting the goal of woman’s suffrage

In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social Darwinism were used primarily to

A.encourage the passage of compulsory education lawsB.explain the differences in income between the rich and the poorC.urge Congress to end immigrationD.support the growth of new political parties

A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917) was to

A.stimulate the economyB.support government control of factory productionC.encourage immigration from southern and eastern EuropeD.correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society

The Sherman Antitrust Act

A.outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free tradeB.was supported by millionaire industrialistsC.was used by labor unions to fight for workers’ rightsD.encouraged the establishment of large-scale business

The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to

A.decrease Chinese immigrantsB.create segregated classroomsC.settle a disagreement between China and the USD.stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the US

The Sherman antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort to

A.promote the formation of new trustsB.maintain competition in businessC.increase business investmentD.limit the activities of foreign corporations

What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s?

A.labor is gaining power over big businessB.most Americans support the labor movementC.business has advantages over laborD.government should support the expansion of the railroads

The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by

A.organizing skilled workers into unionsB.encouraging open immigrationC.forming worker-owned businessesD.creating a single union of workers and farmers

Which two speakers would most likely label late 19th century industrialists as robber barons?

A. A and BB. A and DC. B and CD. C and D

The most valid conclusion that can be drawn from the different viewpoints of these speakers is that industrialists of the late 19th century

A.benefited and harmed societyB.treated their workers fairlyC.used illegal means to gain wealthD.generally opposed the free enterprise economic system

During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establish

A.settlement houses that provided assistance to the poorB.newspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum conditionsC.laws that restricted certain immigrant groupsD.free public schools located in inner-city neighborhoods

What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s?

A.cheap electric powerB.fires safety standardsC.the invention of the elevatorD.new methods of making steel

The tragedy of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 drew national attention to the need to

A.restrict immigration from southern EuropeB.establish full-time fire departmentsC.protect the safety of workersD.improve conditions for tenement dwellers

During the Progressive Era, many state and local governments adopted initiative, referendum, and recall procedures that

A.eliminated the need for the electoral collegeB.created political action committees (PACs)C.gave voters a more direct voice in governmentD.Strengthened the role of the president’s cabinet

In the late 1800s, the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by John D. Rockefeller was intended to

A.protect small, independent oil firmsB.control prices and practices in the oil refining businessC.increase competition among oil refining companiesD.distribute donations to charitable causes

What did industrial consolidation & trusts reduce during the late 1800s?

A.corruptionB.monopoliesC.competitionD.interstate commerce

The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from

A.Southern and Eastern EuropeB.Northern and Western EuropeC.East AsiaD.Latin America

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term robber baron best defined a person who

A.controlled large tracts of western landsB.used ruthless business tacticsC.stole from the rich to give to the poorD.encouraged the conservation of raw materials

Which reform idea was a common goal of the Populists and the Progressives?

A.restoration of the nation’s citiesB.expansion of opportunities for immigrantsC.improvement in the status of African AmericansD.greater control of government by the people

According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is toA.invest in future industry to increase wealthB.share their excess wealth with the communityC.maintain a lifestyle consistent with their wealthD.influence government to assist all people

Andrew Carnegie carried out the ideas expressed in this statement byA.funding numerous libraries and educational institutionsB.serving many years in the federal governmentC.investing his fortune in several new industriesD.promoting programs to benefit the wealthy

Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the “Gilded Age” to describe the

A.end of the practice of slaveryB.absence of international conflictsC.extremes of wealth and povertyD.achievements of the labor movement

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of the immigrants to the United States settle?

A.urban centers of the NortheastB.plantations of the New SouthC.mining areas of the Far WestD.farming regions of the Great Plains

Which concept is described by this passage?

A.communismB.PopulismC.utopian socialismD.Social Darwinism

What is the main idea of the cartoon?A.Government policies have created a recessionB.Americans support the activities of trustsC.Good government has saved the country from trustsD.Trusts are a threat to the nation

Which group would most likely have favored government action to address the issue shown in the cartoon?A.bankersB.unionsC.industrialistsD.railroad owners

Which economic concept is best illustrated by the cartoon?

A.supply and demandB.mercantilismC.monopolyD.trade