US History, September 8 • ENTRY TASK: Why do

you think America has been called a “melting

pot”? • Announcements:

– We will go to Aux gym for PICTURES today!

– Syllabus and tissues due today for Extra Credit

– Please grab a book to share today

The Colonies: Road to Revolution This week: Between 1763 and 1775, what

changed many Americans from loyal British subjects to rebellious patriots?

Focus today: Why did people come here? How was America dominated by the British?

Age of Exploration: what do you remember about the explorers?

In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue. He had three ships and left from Spain; He sailed through sunshine, wind and rain. He sailed by night; he sailed by day; He used the stars to find his way….

The first American? No, not quite. But Columbus was brave, and he was bright.

• Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY)

• Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD)

• Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD)

Direct Causes = 3 G’s

America Before the Europeans • Before Columbus’ discovered

America in 1492, North America was dominated Native Americans:

The Aztecs (in Central America) & Incas (in South

America) created large, powerful empires

These empires were destroyed by the arrival of Spanish conquistadors

Treasures from the Americas!

Exploration led to permanent European colonies

British Colonies in North America

How does being a settler at Jamestown sound to you?

• IF you didn’t die on the way over (In 1615, the ship Bona Nova – 25/165 died on the way over)…

• Strained relations with powerful tribe (whose land you are working on), the Powhatan

• Unfamiliar climate, poor water and food supply – starvation and disease (in 1609 only 60 of the original 214 settlers at Jamestown had survived) – Typhoid & Dysentary & Salt Poisoning, oh my!

• Surrounded by people who are unskilled workers (majority were men)

• Virginia Company – more concerned about making a profit

Popular London Play read…

• I tell thee, gold is more plentiful there than copper is with us… Why man, all their dripping pans and their chamber pots are pure gold… and as for rubies and diamonds, they go forth on holy days and gather them by the seashore, to hand on their children’s coats and stick in their caps.

US History, September 9 • Entry Task: Why do teenagers rebel? • Announcements:

– Please make sure you have a book handy! – Quick review from yesterday – Today’s Writing Prompt: Evaluate the

importance of the cartoon, “Join or Die”

• By 1730’s there are 13 colonies (that will eventually revolt)

• Want more pictures/info? Look on p. 61 for climate, 67 for economy

British Colonies in North America • Economy &

Society: –The societies

& economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled

Southern colonies, like Virginia, had cash crop economies, large gaps between rich & poor

farmers, & slave labor

New England colonies, like Massachusetts, were closely

connected by religion & families & were mostly

subsistence farmers who had little desire to make money

Unlike the Spanish & French, the British colonists never made

sweeping attempts to convert, marry, or trade with local Native

Americans, although conflicts over land were common

Massachusetts • 1620 – Pilgrims on the

Mayflower – established a governing body with Mayflower Compact, “for the general good of the Colony; unto which, we promise all due submission and obedience”

• 1630 – John Winthrop led first large PURITAN migration from England (900), 1630-1640 = 20,000

• “City Upon a Hill” speech/vision

• Remember the Salem Witch Trials (1692)?

“We must uphold (each other)… in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality (generosity). We must…make others’ conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together… For we must consider that we (in New England) shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.” – John Winthrop

Pennsylvania • The Dutch, Swedish, and

English first explored what is now Pennsylvania/Delaware

• King Charles II of England owed $80,000 to Admiral Sir William Penn, so the king granted the territory to his son – Sylvania (woods)

• William Penn – Quaker, who believed all were equal under God – becomes holy experiment

• Penn sold land for a good price - the terms being 40 shillings per hundred acres, and "shares" of 5,000 acres for 100 pounds

Maryland

• George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to King Charles I for a royal charter in 1632 – looking for a haven for Roman Catholics (province named after Queen Henrietta Maria)

• Toleration Act – religious freedom

Virginia

• 1607 – nearly 150 passengers were the first settlers of Jamestown

• Virginia Company’s charter is revoked in 1624

• After the “starving time,” they could focus on “brown gold”

• By 1644, 10,000 English men & women lived in Virginia

Georgia

• James Oglethorpe proposed colonization for the area for English in debtors’ prisons – Royal Charter was granted in 1732

• At first, no slavery or drinking of rum… that all changed by 1752

Virginia’s growth was due largely

to the headright system &

indentured servitude

White & Black Migration to VA

The first African slaves arrived in

Jamestown in 1619

Indentured Servants

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade with Africa

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Bacon’s rebellion – an uprising in Jamestown, VA against Governor Berkeley in 1676 – colonists did not feel safe – alliance between indentured servants and slaves is significant here

p. 81 in your book

America, a “melting

pot”

The thirteen colonies were divided at the time among those founded or ruled by royal charter (Virginia, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia), those that were proprietary in nature, that is, owned by a family or individual (Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland), and those that were governed under charters (Rhode Island and Connecticut).

In practice, the British

government rarely exercised this control over

the colonies

Technically, the Parliament

& king had absolute

authority over all parts of the British empire

But, governors’ salaries were paid by colonial assemblies so governors rarely

overturned local laws or taxes

Almost all the British colonies had royal

governors who were appointed by the king who oversaw trade,

approved laws, & appointed judges

The French & Indian War • Britain &

their North American colonists

• France, their colonists, & Indian allies

vs.

■The war started in North America (1754-1763), but became part of a larger, “world” war called the Seven Years War (1756-1763) due to competition among empires

Ben Franklin’s “Albany Plan of Union” America’s 1st political cartoon

Albany Plan of Union

• Colonies would have a Central Government – President General selected by British Crown and Grand Council named by colonial legislatures

• Benefits?

The Confidence of the French in this Undertaking seems well-grounded on the present disunited State of the British Colonies, and the extreme Difficulty of bringing so many different Governments and Assemblies to agree in any speedy and effectual Measures for our common Defence and Security; while our Enemies have the very great Advantage of being under one Direction, with one Council, and one Purse. Benjamin Franklin, 1754

After it failed to pass, he said: "The colonial assemblies and most of the people were narrowly provincial in outlook, mutually jealous, and suspicious of any central taxing authority."

This costly war between France and

Britain (+ colonists – 40%)

caused British Parliament to tax

the colonies (British debt went from 72 million pounds to

132 million pounds) and bad feelings

between British & colonists.

French and Indian War (1754 – 1763)

Before (1754) and After (1763)

Thomas Whately, an advisor to George Grenville (British Chancellor and author

of the Stamp Act) • We are not yet recovered from a War

undertaken solely for their [the Americans’] Protection… a War undertaken for their defense only… they should contribute to the Preservation of the Advantages they have received…

How might a British representative use the information from the chart above in defense

against the complaints of the colonists?

The English colonists who settled America brought with them

three main concepts:

– The need for an ordered social system, or government. – The idea of limited government, that is, that government

should not be all-powerful. – The concept of representative government or a

government that serves the will of the people.