USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm · USB Micro-B port USB 2.0 –7.5 W USB Type-C USB 3.1 –15 W USB 3.2 USB4 REVERSIBLE USB Power Delivery 100 W ALTERNATE MODE DC Barrel 100W HDMI

USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm

George Slama

Senior Application and

Content Engineer

[email protected]

Würth Elektronik

Date 02.26.2020 | embedded world 2020 | Public | Topic: USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm

© All rights reserved by Wurth Electronics, also in the event of industrial property rights. All rights of disposal such as copying and redistribution rights with us. www.we-online.com

Simplifying

USB Type-C

USB Power Delivery

Default mode

Negotiation of power delivery

E-marked cable

Dual role for power (DRP)

Programmable power supply

Implementation

Power source

Data line protection

Conclusion

Agenda

USB Type-C and USB-C are registered trademarks of USB 3.0 Implementers Forum

2



Simplifying

Apple lightning

USB Std-AUSB 1.0 – 2.5 W

Proprietary connectorsCHARGING

USB Micro-B portUSB 2.0 – 7.5 W

USB Type-C

USB 3.1 – 15 WUSB 3.2

USB4REVERSIBLE

USB Power Delivery 100 WALTERNATE MODE

DC Barrel100W

HDMImini HDMI

VIDEOProprietary connectors

INTERFACE

ThunderboltVIDEO

USB Mini-B port

DisplayPortVIDEO

ROBUST &REVERSIBLE

3.5 mmAUDIO

USB 3.0 Std-A

USB 3.0 micro BStd-B

3



1996 20081998 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2013 2015 2019

Standard connector?

4

USB 1.0 USB 1.1 USB 2.0USB 3.0 Gen 1

On-the-Go

supplement 1.3

Battery Charging v1.0

Low Speed: 1.5 Mbit/s

Full Speed: 12 Mbit/sHigh Speed: 480 Mbit/s Super Speed: 5 Gbit/s

Battery Charging v1.2

5V / 5A

Type-C

Both ends

Std-A

USB 3.1 Gen 2

Std-B

mini-B

micro-B

20V / 3A/5A20V / 5A

micro-B (USB3.0)

Std-A (USB3.0)

5 V / 0.1 A

5 V / 0.5 A

5 V / 0.15 A

5 V / 0.9 A

Power delivery v3.0

20V / 5A

DRP

PPS

5V / 3A

Connecto

rP

ow

er

Data

/Pro

tocol

Super Speed+: 10 Gbit/s

Power delivery v2.0

Power delivery v1.0

Super Speed+: 20 Gbit/s

Super Speed+ and

Thunderbolt: 40 Gbit/s

USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 USB4

5V / 1.5A 5V / 1.5A

4



USB Type-C™ : one cable for all

5

More speed

More Power

More Protocols

More Convenient

USB type-C

Up to 20 Gbps (USB 3.2)Up to 40 Gbps (USB4)

Scalable (from 7.5W to 100W) & Bidirectional Power (Upstream & Downstream port)

Thinner design10x more robust mechanically than microBSame connector on both ends & reversible

More Video

v1.48K – 60 ips

4K – 120 ips



There are four sets of differential pairs for data plus the original D+, D- pair

There are eight pins or power

Four new pins

CC1, CC2 – used to connect CC or VCONN in the cable – must support both functions

SBU1, SBU2 – used as lower speed signal wires for Alternate Mode only

What’s new

USB Type-C Cable Spec R2

CC VBUS

GND GND

VCONND+D-

SBU SBU

6



Type C receptacle

Electrical Current Rating:

A1, A12, B1, B12 – All connected together: 5 A

A4, A9, B4, B9 – All connected together: 5 A

A5, B5 : 1.25 A

All other pins: 0.25 A

Working voltage: 20 VDC

Withstanding voltage: 100 VAC MIN

Insulation resistance: > 1000 MΩ

Contact resistance: 30 mΩ MAX

Mechanical:

Insertion force: 5-8 N MAX

Extraction force: 8-20 N MIN

Standard:

UL certified: E323964

TID listed

7

WR-COM 632723300011



Power and data stream

AC

PowerData

What’s the big deal?

USB Type-C can support both a power

stream and a data stream at the same,

independent of direction.

Both can be bi-directional

Compatibility between brands

Longevity of connector

Large power range

Reduced charging times

Replace docking station for laptops

8



USB power – where are we?

9



DFP – Downstream Facing Port

Sources protect themselves

Shall not rely on power sinks for protection

Output over current protection

Over temperature protection

vSafe5V to vSafe5V connection

VBUS discharge at detach

Source protection mechanisms are not expected to

protect sinks

Self protection – sources (DFP)

10



UFP – Upstream Facing Port

Sinks protect themselves

Sinks shall not rely on power sources for protection

Input over voltage protection

Over temperature protection

VBUS discharge at detach

Sinks protection mechanisms are not expected to protect

sources

Self protection – sinks (UFP)

11

STMicro



Refers to a single wire protocol (on CC wire)

Unlocks advanced capabilities of the cable

PD messaging occurs independently of other data

Used for port to port and port to cable negotiation

Power roles, voltage levels, maximum supplying current

capability, data roles and Alternate Modes

All communications is over CC wire

The DFP is bus master and initiates all communications

Messages are 32-bit 4b/5b encoded Bi-phase mark coded

(BMC)

300 kBaud rate

CRC32 error detection + message retries

USB Power Delivery 3.0

Microchip UPD360 Block Diagram

Part of 221 page datasheet

12



CC1

CC2

VBUS VBUS

CC2

CC1

GNDGND

Logic & CC pin detection

Rd Rd=5.1k

Type-C Source Type-C SinkType-C Cable

Data lines not shown

System power

RpRp

V+ V+

GND

V+

Logic & CC pin detection

DischargeCurrentSense

VBUSon/off

Vdd

Rs

Default power delivery

Default power without a controller

Source uses resistors on CC line to

advertise capability

13



Allows for power configuration to be

dynamically modified

Default 5 V on the VBUS can be

reconfigured to any level up to 20 V

The maximum current supplying

capability can be raised to 5 A with

electronically marked (e-marked)

cable

The default roles can be

dynamically swapped at any time if

both ports support dual power

function

Power delivery negotiation

CC1

CC2

VBUS VBUS

CC2

CC1

GNDGND

Rd Rd=5.1k

Type-C USB PD Source Type-C USB PD SinkType-C Cable

Data lines not shown

System power

RpRp

V+ V+

GND

V+

Logic & CC pin detection & PD communication

DischargeCurrentSense

VBUSon/off

VBUS control+5 V

Voltage regulator

5-20 VRs

Logic & CC pin detection & PD communication

14



To get more power from

the same cable the

voltage is increased

Standard cables are rated

at 3 A

Only e-marked cables can

go to 5 A

Other voltages can go to

5 A with e-marked cable if

source is capable

Higher voltage sources

must support all lower

voltage configurations

Power rules

15



Not all cables are the same

The default cable is USB 2.0 speed with

a 3 A current capability

Cables that support USB 3.2 Gen 2 (10

Gbits/s) or higher for data and/or 5 A for

current delivery must be electronically

marked with an IC in one of the

connectors

Cables uses a 1 kΩ pull down resistor on

one CC line to identify its marked

E-marked cable

CC wire

Rd5.1k

Rd5.1k

Type-C Cable with eMark IC

RpRp

V+ V+

+5 V

eMark IC

Ra Ra1k 1k

CCinVCON N1 VCON N2

Source Sink

Image from www.c.realme.com

16



Devices can switch roles after

connection at anytime

CC lines are toggled continuously

before a connection is made

DRP devices will recognize the toggling

as DRP capable

A phone can be a two-way power

device – sometimes charging,

sometimes delivering power

Not every laptop port may be DRP

capable

Dual Role for Power (DRP)

or

Same port

17

Replace picture – maybe add

external disk drive and remove ac

adapter

- Drawing of toggling



Programmable Power Supply (PPS)

A device can have any voltage between 3.3

and 21 V in fine increments (ie. 20 mV)

A device can have any current up to the

maximum 3 or 5 A as a constant current

source (nearest 50 mA)

As an example this allows the source to

provide the idea battery charging profile

Could provide for a host of new applications

as simple as LED lighting

18



Buck-boost converters can be used for DC-DC

Flyback converters for AC-DC to provide variable output and

isolation

Specialized ICs integrate both the power controller and USB PD

controller

Going from 60 W to 100 W means adding a PFC stage to an AC

adapter which is more costly and increases size

Implementation

Silicon Labs EFM8BB3

PD Controller Type-C

60W Charger

On-Semiconductor NCP81239 Buck-Boost Controller

Cypress EZ-PD CCG2 Type-C Cable Controller

19



Adjustable output voltage

STMicroelectronics STUSB4700 controller

20



Offline AC/DC Adapter

Boost-Transition Mode PFC

Flyback-Active Clamp Isolated DC/DC

Synchronous Rectifier (SR) topology

TI TIDA-010047

100W USB-PD AC/DC

TI TIDA-01622

60W USB-PD AC/DC

21



22

Development kit

100 W Source

100 W Sink

40 W Source



Because the pins are so close together the

VBUS can short to the pins next during

connector insertion/extraction

This is provided for in the IC current limit

The power pins need ESD protection and

filtering

D1 – 20 V, 24 A Ipk (8/20 µs), 30 kV

L1, L3 – ferrite beads

L2 – Inductor

C1, C2 – ceramic capacitor

Power protection

Component Description Electrical Parameters WE ordercode

C1, C2 Capacitor 4.7 µF, 25 V, X5R 885 012 107 018

L1, L3 SMD ferrite 100 Ω, 100 MHz, 8 A 742 792 261 01

L2 Inductor 1.2 µH, 5.8 A, 6 Ω 744 383 560 12

D1 TVS diode 20 V, 240 pF 824 045 810

L1 L2 L3

D1C2C1

VBUS

GND

Con

nect

or

A4A9B4B9

A1A12B1B12

23



USB Type C filter kits

60 W USB 3.1 829 310 60 100 W USB 3.1 829 311 00



Typical USB 2.0 protection


L4

Current

compensated

choke

90 Ω, 6 Ω, 370 mA 744232090

D1-D5, VR1 TVS diode array 2.5 pF 82400102

D1 – D5, VR1 are all in one

component – a TVS diode array

with very short connections and

low capacitance protecting the

data lines

Current compensated choke L4

attenuating high frequency noise

D+

D-

+VCC

D+

D-

D_GND

D1

L4B

L4A

L4

ChassisD2

D5

D3

D4

VR1

25



Typical USB 3.0 protection


C1 Capacitor 680 nF, 16V, X7R 885 012 206 051

L1, L2 SMD ferrite 600 Ω, 100 MHz, 2 A 742 792 040

L3 Current compensated choke 90 Ω, 6 Ω, 370 mA 744 233 670

L4, L5 Current compensated choke 67 Ω, 6 Ω, 320 mA 744 232 090

D1 TVS diode array 2.5 pF 824 016 46

L1, L2, C1 form a ‘T’ filter for the IC

power

D1 is one component with six

diode pairs and a TVS diode array

with very short connections and

low capacitance protecting the

data lines

Current compensated choke L3

attenuating high frequency noise

on USB 2.0 data lines

Current compensated chokes L4,

L5 attenuating high frequency

noise on USB 3.0 data lines

Duplicate on other TX-RX pairs

+VCC

D+

D-

D_GND

D1

L5

L3

L4

SSRX+

SSRX-

SSTX+

SSTX-

L1 L2

C1

USB

3.0

Con

tro

ller

26



USB filter kits

USB 2.0 829 999 BAG USB 3.0 829 993 BAG



USB Type-C® Technology

The future of USB technology

Supports scalable power and performance to future-proof your solution

Slim form factor to support evolving design trends

Backwards USB protocol compatibility

Suitable for all mobile device product designs, from phones and tablets to cameras and laptops

Please note the following:

USB Type-C® is not USB 3.2 or USB4

The USB Type-C cable and connector specification is a supplement to the USB 3.2 specification. These terms

are not interchangeable.

USB Type-C is not USB Power Delivery

USB Power Delivery is a protocol/hardware solution that increases USB power capabilities up to 100W. If a

product features USB Type-C® it does not necessarily support USB Power Delivery and/or USB 3.2 or USB4

Device manufacturers can choose to support USB Power Delivery and/or USB 3.2 performance but it is not

required for USB Type-C products

Key message

28



USB Type-C has the potential to be the first truly ‘universal cable’ for data and power for consumers

It has created a lot of confusion about which cable to buy – at least initially

Charging cables up to 3A are likely passive and only support USB 2.0 for data

Type-C USB 3.2 and higher cables are active (e-marked) and have full potential

Cables may not perform as expected if you buy the wrong one

Fortunately the ports are self protecting (or should be!) – both ways

The cables will be more expense but they are more durable and more flexible usage

It will reduce the number of cables and adapters we need

Reduce waste, parasitic power

Will allow for many new types of devices

Easier interoperability between devices, especially different brands

Conclusion

29



Thank you for

watching!

George Slama, [email protected]

30

Documents

USB Type-C A New Power Paradigm · USB Micro-B port USB 2.0 –7.5 W USB Type-C USB 3.1 –15 W USB 3.2 USB4 REVERSIBLE USB Power Delivery 100 W ALTERNATE MODE DC Barrel 100W HDMI