Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Wind Turbines for … · Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Wind Turbines for Solar Chimney Power Plants Presented by: Mohammed Abdul Hamid Abdul Latif

Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Wind Turbines for Solar Wind Turbines for Solar Chimney Power PlantsChimney Power Plants

Presented by:Presented by:Mohammed Abdul Hamid Abdul LatifMohammed Abdul Hamid Abdul Latif

Advisor:Advisor:Prof. Mohamed Amr Serag ElProf. Mohamed Amr Serag El--DinDin

OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroductionObjectivesObjectivesMethodologyMethodologyResultsResultsConclusionsConclusionsRecommendationsRecommendationsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

Introduction Introduction –– Solar ChimneysSolar Chimneys

Figure 1: Solar Chimney Power Plant Principle of Operation

Parameters:Parameters:CollectorCollector

Area (Power Input)Area (Power Input)

AbsorberAbsorberSpecific Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity (Storage)(Storage)

TowerTowerLength (Acceleration)Length (Acceleration)Diameter (Output Diameter (Output Velocity)Velocity)

TurbineTurbineOperating Conditions Operating Conditions (Power Output)(Power Output)Efficiency (Power Efficiency (Power Output)Output)

Introduction Introduction –– Solar ChimneysSolar Chimneys

Research to Reduce Costs:Research to Reduce Costs:Improvements in Construction:Improvements in Construction:

Solar Chimneys on Mountains.Solar Chimneys on Mountains.Floating Solar Chimney.Floating Solar Chimney.Cheaper TurbinesCheaper Turbines

Improvements in Performance:Improvements in Performance:Turbine LayoutTurbine LayoutTurbine ConfigurationsTurbine Configurations

Introduction Introduction –– Magnus EffectMagnus Effect

Proposal:Proposal:Use Magnus Effect Rotors as Turbine.Use Magnus Effect Rotors as Turbine.

Magnus Effect:Magnus Effect:

Figure 5: Effect of Increasing Cylinder rotational speed on lift force

Introduction Introduction –– Magnus EffectMagnus Effect

Applications:Applications:Flettner ShipsFlettner ShipsMagnus GeneratorMagnus Generator

Figure 7: Turbine Utilizing Magnus Effect

Figure 6: Flettner Ship using Magnus rotors for thrust

IntroductionIntroduction

Figure 8: Top View of Proposed System Figure 9: Solid model of Proposed System

IntroductionIntroduction

Magnus Effect Rotors Vs. Airfoils:Magnus Effect Rotors Vs. Airfoils:Manufacturing costs reductionManufacturing costs reductionMaintenance costs reductionMaintenance costs reductionEase of ControlEase of ControlPower ConsumptionPower Consumption

ObjectivesObjectives

Investigate possibility of proposed system.Investigate possibility of proposed system.Study input variables:Study input variables:

Cylinder and disc diametersCylinder and disc diametersCylinder and disc rotational speeds Cylinder and disc rotational speeds Number of cylindersNumber of cylindersFree stream velocityFree stream velocity

Identify most dominant variable and its effect on the Identify most dominant variable and its effect on the performance.performance.Study performance through variables:Study performance through variables:

Lift and drag forces generatedLift and drag forces generatedPressure drop across the turbinePressure drop across the turbinePower output.Power output.

MethodologyMethodology

Experimental:Experimental:Inaccurate results due to scalingInaccurate results due to scalingTediousTediousExpensiveExpensive

Numerical model using Fluent:Numerical model using Fluent:NavierNavier--Stokes EquationsStokes EquationsFinite Difference MethodFinite Difference Method


NonNon--Dimensional Analysis:Dimensional Analysis:SimilaritySimilarityReduction of VariablesReduction of Variables

Input:Input:VariablesVariables CoefficientsCoefficients

Cylinder Radius (r)Cylinder Radius (r)Disc Radius (R)Disc Radius (R)Cylinder Tangential Velocity (Cylinder Tangential Velocity (ωω))Disc Tangential Velocity (Disc Tangential Velocity (ΠΠ))Number of Cylinders (n)Number of Cylinders (n)Airspeed (v)Airspeed (v)

Cylinder Tangential Velocity to Airspeed Cylinder Tangential Velocity to Airspeed Ratio (Ratio (ωωr / v) (CAR)r / v) (CAR)Disc Tangential Velocity to Airspeed Disc Tangential Velocity to Airspeed Ratio (Ratio (ΠΠR / v) (DAR)R / v) (DAR)Number of Cylinders (n)Number of Cylinders (n)Ratio of Cylinder to Disc radii (r / R) Ratio of Cylinder to Disc radii (r / R)

Table 1: Variables and Coefficients used in the System


Output:Output:Lift CoefficientLift CoefficientDrag CoefficientDrag CoefficientPressure Drop CoefficientPressure Drop CoefficientEfficiencyEfficiency

Input Variable Variations:Input Variable Variations:Number of Cylinders (n):Number of Cylinders (n):

1801801201209090


Cylinder to Disc Radii Cylinder to Disc Radii (r / R)(r / R)

0.0040.0040.0020.0020.0010.001

CAR:CAR:1.311.312.622.623.933.935.245.246.556.55

– DAR:• 0• 0.0655• 0.131• 0.262• 0.393• 0.524• 0.655



Fluent Parameters:Fluent Parameters:Rotating Frame EquationsRotating Frame EquationsViscosity: kViscosity: k--εε Turbulence Model:Turbulence Model:

RobustRobustEconomicEconomicAccurateAccurate

Renormalization Group (RNG):Renormalization Group (RNG):Accuracy in Swirling and Strained FlowsAccuracy in Swirling and Strained FlowsUpdated Values according to Analytical EquationsUpdated Values according to Analytical Equations


Wall Treatments: Enhanced Near Wall:Wall Treatments: Enhanced Near Wall:Accurate with flows experiencing:Accurate with flows experiencing:

High Reynolds NumberHigh Reynolds NumberSwirlSwirlSevere Pressure GradientsSevere Pressure Gradients

Solver: Segregated ImplicitSolver: Segregated ImplicitDiscretization Scheme: QUICKDiscretization Scheme: QUICK

High Accuracy with quadrilateral meshesHigh Accuracy with quadrilateral meshesPressure Discretization: PREssure STaggering Pressure Discretization: PREssure STaggering Option (PRESTO!):Option (PRESTO!):

High swirling and high speed rotating flowsHigh swirling and high speed rotating flows


Gradient Evaluation: (Node Based Derivatives):Gradient Evaluation: (Node Based Derivatives):Triangular or Tetrahedral Meshes Accuracy.Triangular or Tetrahedral Meshes Accuracy.

Pressure Pressure –– Velocity Coupling: SemiVelocity Coupling: Semi--Implicit Method Implicit Method For Pressure Linked Equations For Pressure Linked Equations –– Consistent Consistent (SIMPLEC):(SIMPLEC):

Complicated flows due to UnderComplicated flows due to Under--Relaxation.Relaxation.Reliable with minimum computational effort.Reliable with minimum computational effort.

Termination Accuracy = 1 X 10Termination Accuracy = 1 X 10--66


Mesh Accuracy:Mesh Accuracy:y+ < 5y+ < 510 cells in viscosity10 cells in viscosity--affected nearaffected near--wall region (Rewall region (ReYY < < 200).200).

Mesh Validation: Solve simple configuration Mesh Validation: Solve simple configuration analytically.analytically.

ResultsResults

Fluent Output:Fluent Output:Relative and absolute velocity vectors and the streamlines Relative and absolute velocity vectors and the streamlines depicting the flow.depicting the flow.Static pressure distribution over the rotating cylinder.Static pressure distribution over the rotating cylinder.Force component parallel to the free stream (radial to disc).Force component parallel to the free stream (radial to disc).Force component perpendicular to the free stream Force component perpendicular to the free stream (tangential to disc).(tangential to disc).Pressure difference at locations before and after the turbine.Pressure difference at locations before and after the turbine.Shear forces acting on the cylinder due to its rotation.Shear forces acting on the cylinder due to its rotation.

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ResultsResults

ConclusionsConclusions

Max. Efficiency = 86 %:Max. Efficiency = 86 %:DAR = 1DAR = 1CAR = 2CAR = 2ΠΠ

Number of Cylinders:Number of Cylinders:No Effect on Force.No Effect on Force.Increases Power Output.Increases Power Output.Minimum Gap.Minimum Gap.

ConclusionsConclusions

Disc and Cylinder Radii:Disc and Cylinder Radii:Cylinder Radius increased Force.Cylinder Radius increased Force.Tangential Velocity components.Tangential Velocity components.

System Efficiency depends strongly on System Efficiency depends strongly on Parameters.Parameters.

RecommendationsRecommendations

1.1. Advanced Optimization Schemes.Advanced Optimization Schemes.2.2. Include Height:Include Height:

RecommendationsRecommendations

3.3. Staggered Cylinder Arrangement.Staggered Cylinder Arrangement.4.4. Analyze proposed Turbine coupled with Solar Analyze proposed Turbine coupled with Solar

Chimney.Chimney.5.5. Experimental Validation.Experimental Validation.

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Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Wind Turbines for … · Use of Magnus Effect Rotors as Wind Turbines for Solar Chimney Power Plants Presented by: Mohammed Abdul Hamid Abdul Latif