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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Mid Atlantic Geospatial Transportation Users Group
MeetingNovember 2, 2011Dover, Delaware
Use of Sensors and Rapid
Deployment Gages for Storm Surge Data from Coastal Storms
Intent of Storm Surge Sensors (SSS) Pilot Program
History of SSS Pilot ProgramRoles & ResponsibilitiesDesigning a SSS NetworkSensors & HousingsTimeline of Storm EventResults
Where Do You Want to Go Today?
Intent of SSS Test Program
Storm Surge Monitoring
A USGS program to monitor the areal extent and time hydrograph of hurricane storm surge for better documentation and modeling using rapid-deployment gages
Intent of SSS Test Program
Storm Surge Monitoring
The data from this program is used to better calibrate storm surge models for more accurate surge forecasting caused by hurricanes.
Traditional surge documentation was high water marks
Never have collected continuous hydrographs of surge before
• Idea created by staff at Ruston, LA Program Office following Katrina (2005)
• Quickly deployed for Rita (2005) in LA• Wilma (2005) in FL• Three SSS Centers created in 2006
(Ruston, Atlanta, and Orlando)• Ernesto (2006) in Carolinas• Deployed for Dean in South TX (2007)• Formalized by line item for 2008 USGS
budget• Deployed for Hanna, Gustav and Ike
(2008)• No deployments in 2009• Maximum 1 small deployment in 2010
History of SSS Pilot ProgramStorm Surge Monitoring
• Project Oversight—OSW • Storm Surge Centers
• Ruston, LA• Atlanta, GA• Orlando, FL
• Water Science Centers• Director
Roles and Responsibilities
Chain of Command OSW
Ruston Atlanta Orlando
TXLAMSAL
VANCSCGA
FLPR
Prior to start of seasonOSW & SSC planning period
Prior to landfallAssign SSC primary lead & teamsAssign WSC Communications leadDeploy sensors
After landfallSensor Recovery and processingCooperator/media outreach
Post-stormSurveying (if needed)Data Analysis and ReportingPrep for next storm
Roles and ResponsibilitiesCommunication & Coordination
OSW
Ruston Atlanta Orlando
TXLAMSAL
VANCSCGA
FLPR
• FRT will be at least 2 persons• 1 from SSC, 1 from local WSC
• May be 2 persons from SSC or other SSCs• Minimum 2 FRTs per storm• Satellite and cellular phones
• Call CC after each deployment or hourly during deployment
• Evacuate the area 12 hours prior to landfall
Roles and Responsibilities
Safety of Field Response Teams (FRTs)
• Pre-determined sites• Selected from map and surge model
analysis• Some may be pre-reconned• Some may have been deployed at
previously
• Opportunistic sites• Location determined during pre-deployment
meeting and during deployment• “On-the-fly”
SSS Network Design
Types of Sites
• Sensor location in water column• Expected surge height• Variability in Projected Storm Path• Datum Control• Barrier Islands• Accessibility• Proximity to Population Centers• Proximity to Existing Real-Time Gages• Quality-Assurance of SSS• Location of Barometric Pressure Sensors• Local WSC needs
SSS Network Design
Site Selection Factors
• Onset HOBO pressure transducer (196 total)• Uses USB docking station to download data• Non-vented pressure transducer• 0-30 foot range• Internal battery must be factory replaced• Used for 30-second data intervals• Used as both BP and Surge sensors
• Insitu TROLL pressure sensor (32 total, RT & salinity)• Non-vented pressure transducer• 0-35.8 foot range• SDI-12• Used for 2-second data intervals (wave height)
Sensors and Housings
Sensor Types
• Housing Pipe• Housing Cap• Sensor Eye Bolt• Ratchet Strap• USGS Visual Identity Sticker
Sensors and Housings
Housing
• Pre-Deployment Meeting• Sensor Deployment• Landfall Stand-By• Pre-Recovery Meeting• Sensor Recovery• Post-Storm Wrapup
Timeline of Storm EventStep-by-Step
Deployment-Irenehttp://wim.usgs.gov/stormtidemapper/stormtidemapper.html#
Deployment-Irene (Locally)
• 70 total sensors deployed• 53 water level• 17 barometric pressure• 3 Rapid Deployment Gages• 1 sites monitored riverine
flooding• 2-4 feet approximate
maximum surge recorded
Deployment-Irene (Locally)
Results-Irene (SSS)
Results-Irene (SSS)
Results-Irene (SSS)
Results-Irene (SSS)
Results-Irene (SSS-Riverine)
Rapid Deployment Gage (RDG)
Instrumentation•Radar Gage•Barometer•Humidity/Temperature•Rain gage•Wind speed•DCP
22
Results-Irene (Location of RDG’s)
Results-Irene (RDG-Smyrna River)
Results-Irene (RDG-Indian River Inlet)
SummaryProgram has been activated for many storms since
2005
Standard Operations Plan in place for non-real-time sensor deployment
All information online at:
http:water.usgs.gov/osw/floods/2011_HIrene/
Efforts have attracted numerous media including The Weather Channel and CNN
