Using EMME/2 in environmental studies in the Czech Republic Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostál [email protected], [email protected] Centrum dopravního výzkumu

Using EMME/2 in environmental studies in

the Czech Republic

Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostá[email protected], [email protected]

Centrum dopravního výzkumu (Transport Research Centre)

www.cdv.cz, http://szp.cdv.cz

19nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USA October 19th – 21th, 2005

Introduction

- only one licence in the Czech Republic

- one year experience in urban transport modeling of Brno city and Zlin town will be presented

- pioneer approach: no EMME/2 in Czechia before

- distributors are from Hungary (completely different language)

- we learn ourselves (no courses in Europe)


Brno city model


Description of city:- 2nd largest city in the Czech republic- approximately 380 000 inhabitants- relatively well developed public transport system (run by local government owned company DPmB)

Brno city model -modes


Transportation modes:

Brno city model – public transport


Transit vehicles (normal and joint)

Brno city model - functions


Used functions:

t functions inita fd1 =(length * 60 / el1 / 100) * (1 + ((volau + volad) / (lanes * el2 )) ^ 5)a ft1 =length * 60 / (speed * 100)a ft2 =length * 60 * 1.8 / (speed * 100)a fp1 =.1a fp2 =.2

e1=ul1= free flow link speede2 = @lacap = estimation of a link capacity (depending on link type)

- the only 1 volume – delay (BPR function)

- 2 transit time functions: ft2 in centre core

- 2 simple turn – penalty functions – only penalization without the dependence on turn volumes

Brno city model - network


Network:

- 199 centroids, 1814 regular nodes, more 6000 links, 113 intersections and 57 transit lines,

- centroids = specific zones created by an overlapping of the zones of traffic research and urban zones

-ui1, ui2, ui3 = numbers of individual urbanistic zones are described in each centroid,

-only 1 scenario is done up to now,

-Xi and Yi are in the S-JTSK projection (used in Central Europe),

-Xi and Yi are in meters = ling length in meters (or 10-meters, 100-meters ...) – recalculation with 2.41 module

Brno city model – auto network


Auto network:

Red links = main roadsGreen links = local roads

Brno city model - network


Network:

- The links are classified with the help of link type. The link type corresponds approximately to free flow speed, which is input as user link data 1 (ul1) as in Table 1.

Road typeLink type

ul 1(speed in

km/h)

motorways D1 (Brno - Prague) and D2 (Brno - Bratislava, Slovak Republic)

11 110

express roads (R52) 10 1001st class roads outside the city 8 80Big City Circle (outer) 6 - 8 60 - 80Small City Circle (inner) 5 - 6 50 - 60linear roads from/to center - main 5 50linear roads from/to center - minor 4 40local main roads 3 - 4 30 - 40local adjoining roads 2 - 3 20 - 30pedestrian links (in parks, public green space ...) 1 ----

Brno city model – transit network


Transit network:

- 13 tram 11 trolleybus and 33 bus lines - trams in centre delayed due to high density and sharing the road with cars: ttf = 2

tram lines with background transit network

Brno city model – transit network


Transit network:

- trolleybuses and buses used for the connection of the centre and housing zones

- node labels are used for transit stops names

lines in centre with node labels - transit stop names

Brno city model – matrices


Auto demand matrix: mf1

- has been created from traffic research and modified

- modification in order to have the batch input format

- updating: new centroids = new shopping centers, data from population census (2001)

Transit demand matrix: mf2

- calculated from mf 1 (resp. mo1 and md1) according to modal split (no modal split model used)

- averaged modal split in Brno : 45 % auto, 55 % public transit

- vary from 30:70 (centre) to about 80:20 (suburb)

- created by matrix balancing, with the help of mo, md and unit matrix (default=1) or exponential function of travel time (examples in the EMME/2 manual)

Brno city model – matrices


Auto and transit travel time matrices

- obtained from the fixed demand auto and transit assignment

all mf matrices

Brno city model – auto assignment


Auto assignment:

- standard equilibrium auto assignment

- assigned volumes are stored in an extra attribute (@int).

Brno city model – NOx emissions


Emission calculation (using the module 2.41) - NOx emission factors per a vehicle (g/km) in extra attribute @efnox

- @efnox depends on the delayed speed: ul2: (ul2=length*60/timau)

- NOx emission (ul3) = @int * @efnox NOx emission factors of passenger cars (from database of Czech vehicles – mainly Skoda)

Delayed speed (ul2) [km/h]

NOx (@efnox) [g/km]

< 10 1.3895

10 - 29.9 0.9577

30 – 49.9 0.9055

50 – 69.9 0.8156

70 – 89.9 0.8611

90 – 109.9 1.1398

> 110 1.8347

Brno city model – NOx emissions


Results of NOx emissions calculation

A screenshot of auto links with NOx emissions

The NOx emissions in Brno model network (grams per meter)

Brno city model – transit assignment


Fixed demand transit assignment

- done for the future modeling of the planned actions in Brno: Park and Ride, shift of Central Railway station, etc ..

- fixed demand transit assignment = transit volumes of individual lines and segments, wait time factor = 0.5

- weights for perceived individual component of travel time are estimated = 1, except pedestrian

- auxiliary transit time weight= 1.3 – better results



Fixed demand transit assignment results

All transit lines and nodes with daily boarding > 20000

There is a plan to shift the Central Railway Station on the south (?)

- the most of people travel in western part of the inner ring – more 130 thousands per a day

- the Central Railway Station is a stop with most of people boarding and alighting – more than 65 thousands per a day ()



Auxiliary transit assignment results

initial boarding (violet)transfer boarding (yellow)

- pedestrian traffic in northern part of city centre



Auxiliary transit assignment results

initial boarding (violet)transfer boarding (yellow)

- pedestrian traffic in southern part of city centre

Brno city model – verification


Verification of the results

- very long process … (first assigments were totally wrong …)

- results of National Traffic Census are available in Brno city but only for the motorways and 1st class roads

- approaching to the observed volumes = repeating the process many times (modification of inputs, repeated asignments)

- public transport: some data about boarding and alighting in Central Railway Station and in surrounding were available.

- which inputs had to be modified ? Almost all: VDF, TPF, TTF, speed (ul1), estimation of capacity (@lacap) …

- fixed inputs: network data, auto demand matrix mf1

Zlin town model


Introduction

- Zlin is home town of shoemaker Tomas Bata

- the goal of the modeling = evaluation of an impact of planned roads

- predict the changes in traffic, which should come with the construction of new roads

- the model does not involve public transport until now, even though the public transport is well developed in this town

- 2 scenarios are dome: present state anf the future state, after supposed 2 new planned roads: „Right Shore“ road and

- 42 centroids, 175 regular nodes, 592 links and 4 intersections

- nodes and centroids are in the S-JTSK coordinate system (like in Brno city

Zlin town model – present situation


Scenario 1

- the town shape is very extended in east - west direction

- one big avenue with heavy traffic burden and a lot of congestions is the horizontal hub of the town

- many houses are situated close to this noisy and dusty road.

Assigned volumes in Scenario 1 - present state



Scenario 1

- the detail of the central part



Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)

- traffic volumes in both scenarios were used for the calculation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport

- share of light and heavy duty vehicles and buses is 5-7 % on main road and only about 1-2 % in local road

- share of buses has been estimated according to public transport timetables

Transport mode Daily emission of CO2 [tonnes]

passenger cars 147.2

light duty vehicles 22.4

heavy duty vehicles 35.0

buses 11.4

t o t a l 216.1

Zlin town model – traffic prediction


Scenario 2

-Assignment of the same matrix on the network with planned roads

- efficiency of 2 planned roads: express road "Right Shore" and connection "Prstenska".

„Right Shore Road“

„Prstenska“ connection

Zlin town model – traffic prediction


Scenario 2

- the detail of the predicted traffic in central part

Conclusions


Brno city

-transport modeling should be an important part of environmental impact assessment especially in Brno city,

-planned actions in Brno are: planned shift of Central Railway Station, finalization of the Big City Circle, building of parking houses and its best location, Park and Ride system,

-the model should help to evaluate all possible scenarios and optimal strategy,

- more scenarios for Brno model are planned,

- more advanced modeling techiques (modal split, generalised costs, multiclass and variable demand assignment, etc..

Conclusions – planned work


Zlin town

-The public transit will be add to the databank

Other models (national, regional)

-The national model is in the beginning (network)

-Regional models with a help of coding of national model subnetwork

-Intercity matrix = help of population census 2001

Contact

Centrum dopravního výzkumu

(Transport Research Centre)

Líšenská 33a, 602 00 Brno

Czech Republic

Section of Environment

Křižíkova 70, 612 00 Brno

Czech Republic

Telephone: (+420) 541 633 717

Fax: (+420) 541 633 742

Documents

Using EMME/2 in environmental studies in the Czech Republic Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostál [email protected], [email protected] Centrum dopravního výzkumu