Utah History Ch. 6Outline Notes PowerPoint

Four Immigration Eras

1847 Covered wagons pulled by oxen

1856-1869

Handcarts pulled by people

1861-1869

Down and back wagon trains

1869 Steam locomotives

Emigrant vs. Immigrant• Emigrant = a person leaving a place• Immigrant = person coming to a place

Perpetual Emigration Fund or PEF

• Purpose: • Helped Mormon converts emigrate from

their homelands and come to Utah

• How it worked:• Money, supplies, and food were donated to

help converts come to Utah • Later, the immigrants would repay their

“loans” to PEF

Documents from the PEF

Handcart Era • Purpose:

• Cheap and efficient way to bring people to Utah

•3,000 Latter-Day Saints came across the plains with handcarts!!

• Martin and Willie Handcart Companies: • worst disaster in the Mormon

trek to Utah

• 280 of 980 members died

Down and Back Wagon Train Era

• Brigham Young devised another way to help converts come to Utah

• Young men would go on “special missions”• Go to places along the trail to Utah and help

converts coming to Utah• Give them supplies and wagons

Many Settlement Problems

1. New Environment2. Cold, snowy winters, but hot summers 3. They were isolated with no fast

communication4. Living on Native American land5. Every year thousand new immigrants came

with no money, jobs, or homes6. When non-Mormons came there were conflicts

Features of Utah Settlements• Streets laid out in grid pattern

Features of Utah Settlements

• Wide streets with irrigation ditches along side

Features of Utah Settlements

• Large city blocks: for homes and gardens

• Public buildings and parks (called public squares) in the center of the town

• Farmlands lay beyond the public square • Trees surrounded farms to break the wind

Organization of The Area

• Ward:• Divided people into groups depending on where

they lived• Stake:

• Group of wards• Bishop:

• Leader of a ward• Was in charge of temporal and religious matters

of people

Colonies set up as a gathering place for new immigrants and for commercial purposes

Sugar House:

Production of goods Las Vegas:

Missions to Indians

Sugar Factory

Opera House, 1909

St. George and Dixie • Mormons were

asked to settled St. George

• Grew cotton, grapes, sugar, flax, figs, almonds, and olives

• Located in the South of Utah

• Dixie was nickname for Southern United State

Called to Settle a New Place

• Brigham Young “called” or assigned people to settle in a new place

• People were often chosen by the skills they possessed

Pioneer home in Manti, Utah

Wedding of the Rails May 10, 1869

• Union of two national railroads at Promontory Summit, Utah

• Ended travel by handcart

• Immigrants moved in faster and easier

• Increase in Gentiles:• A person of non-Jewish

nation or faith• Among the Mormons, a

non-Mormon

Corrine:A Railroad Town

• Catholic, Protestants, and Jews lived there

• Wanted to avoid Mormon restrictions

• Wanted to become the junction city for the railroad, but it instead became small farming town

Mining Towns • Railroads made

mining more profitable:• Ore could be shipped to

rails

• Many ethnicities, religions, and nationalities came to mine

Miners in Park City, Utah

More Mining Towns Bingham Alta

Why Come to Utah?• Why did people come to Utah?

• Better jobs• More freedom than in Europe • Religious reasons

• Often sent one person at a time because they did not have enough money to come all at once

Hawaiians in Utah • Mormon missionaries converted many

Hawaiians to the Mormon church• LDS leaders encouraged Hawaiians to settle in

Utah• Moved to a ranch near Tooele named Iosepa • The community didn’t last:

• The desert climate and culture were too different• Many of these Hawaiians moved to SLC or back

home

End of the Gathering • More Protestants and Catholics moved into

Utah from other states and countries • Official church immigration ended in 1913