Vaccination Coverage Cluster Survey

7/24/2019 Vaccination Coverage Cluster Survey

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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

VACCINATION COVERAGE CLUSTER SURVEYS:

REFERENCE MANUALV 3

WORKING DRAFT Ua J 2015


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Table of Contents

L b, a ab ....................................................................................................................

Abba ..............................................................................................................................................

Pa .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. I .......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. W aa a a .......................................................................................... 3

1.2. M a aa a ............................................................................. 3

1.3. C : a aa ab aa a

a ............................................................................................................... 4

1.4. Ca a aa ............................................................................... 6

2. D a ........................................................................................... 9

2.1. C a ............................................................................................... 10

2.2. D .............................................................................................. 11

2.3. I a a a a a ....................................... 12

2.4. D a a ...................................................................................................... 13

2.5. S a a .................................................................................................................... 14

2.6. S a ................................................................................................................. 15

2.7. Caa a ............................................................................................. 16

2.8. Da a aa a, ab a ................................................................ 24

2.9. B a a ....................................................................... 24

2.10. Eaa aab a ...................................................................................... 27

2.11. Ia a a a SIA ....................... 29

2.12. D ............................................................................................ 30

2.13. D a aa ................................................................................ 30

2.14. D aa a a ............................... 31


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2.15. R b b .............................................................................................. 33

3. Ma a ........................................................................................................................... 34

3.1. S .................................................................................................................... 34

3.2. D a a a a .................................................. 34

3.3. Oba a aa ............................................................................................................. 35

3.4. D aa a .................................................................................. 35

3.5. C aa aa .......................................................................................................... 40

3.6. S a a ........................................................................................................................... 40

3.7. Oba a a aa .......................................................... 48

3.8. S a a .................................................................................................................... 49

3.9. Ta a .................................................................................................................................... 54

4. C .............................................................................................................................. 56

4.1. C aa ..................................................................................................... 56

4.2. C a a ........................................................................... 58

4.3. M a aa ................................................................................ 58

4.4. C a a a ................................................................................... 60

4.5. C a b ab .............................................................................. 61

5. Daa , a a aa ............................................................................................... 62

5.1. Daaba .......................................................................................................................... 62

5.2. Daa ................................................................................................................................... 62

5.3. Ca aa ........................................................................................................................ 63

5.4. M aa a aab........................................................................ 64

5.5. Ga a b .................................................................................................................. 66

6. Taba a aa ....................................................................................................................... 68

6.1. C aa aa a a a a ....................... 69


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6.2. Caa aa ..................................................................................................... 73

6.3. C aa aa ......................................................................................................... 73

6.4. C aa aa ....................................................................................................... 78

6.5. Ca a .................................................................................................................... 86

7. I, a, a a ................................................................................................... 91

7.1. Da ba ..................................................................................................... 92

7.2. Da a a .................................................................................. 92

7.3. Da .............................................................................................................. 93

7.4. Da ........................................................................................................ 95

7.5. D a a a ............................................................................. 95

7.6. R a ba aa a a ................................................................ 98

7.7. Sa ......................................................................................................................... 98

R ................................................................................................................................................ 101


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List of boxes, figures and tables

B

B 1. Fa a bab a ................................................................................. 41

B 2. U G Ea a a aa ............................................................... 46

B 3. Ea a .................................................................................................... 91

F

F 1. Ea ......................................................................................................... 10

F 2. P a a a a aa .................................................. 16

F 3. T a Oa P P b ...................................................... 70

F 4. Oa a aa, a a 50% ................................. 70

F 5. Oa a aa a a SIA ..................................... 71

F 6. DTP3 a a a ....................... 84

F 7. P a, 95% a a 95% b a

a #7 .................................................................................................................... 87

F 8. P a, 95% a a 95% b a

a #7 .................................................................................................................... 87

F 9. Ma SIA a a a a b 24 a a

a ; a b a a ......................................... 90

Tab 1: Ma a a a a a

.................................................................................................................................................. 8

Tab 2. Ta a aa a ................................................................................... 26

Tab 3. R a ............................................................................. 69

Tab 4. C aa a b a, b a a , a

(N=*) a 1223 .................................................................................................... 76

Tab 5. C a a aa a b a 12 ....................................... ...................... 77


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Tab 6. S a b a ba, b

a ......................................................................................................................................... 77

Tab 7. Pa a aab b a (=**) a

a (a ), a a b a a a a

............................................................................................................................................................ 81


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Abbreviations

BCG: Ba CaG a aa b

CI: a

DEFF:

DH: Da a Ha S

DC: aa a a. DTPCV1 , DTPCV2

, .

EA: a aa

EI: Ea Pa Ia

GI: a a

G: ba P S

HB: ba

HB: a B (a)

H: b (a)

H: Ha Paa V

ICC: a a , aa a

IC: a a a

I: aa a

LCB: b

LA: L Qa Aa Sa

IC: M Ia C S

C: aa a; MCV1 , MCV2

: aba a

: aa


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: aba a

: a a

C: a a a

E: bab a a

: a a

F: R a

I: a

: a a

IA: a a a

: aa a

: a a a a (a)

: a (a)

CB: b

ICEF: T U Na C' F

F:

H: W Ha Oaa


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1

Preface

T W Ha Oaa (WHO) Da Ia, Va, a Ba a

a a aa a b a L Qa Aa

Sa (LQAS) .

O , Ea Pa Ia (EPI) a a a ,

a EPI 1974. A a

, a a a

. T a EPI a

aa, ba, a aa a .

T aa a ( a a a aa, ab

a a a ) a a a a

a a . T a b a a a, ,

a a a (RFP), a aa a

a RFP a a a , aa a a a.

M a aa aa a a

a a , a a a a

b b . A a , a b a

a aa aa b aa a,

aa a a aa. T b

a aa a, aa a

a aa a . T a a a, a

a a a a b , a

a a a .

T WHO a a a bab a a,

a, aa a aa a a. T,

a aa , a, b , a b a

aa a ba aa a a. A a a

, a a Ca 2, a

aa a a aa aa, a a

(GIS) a a.

Ma ba aa aa a 35 a aa

a a a . Aa a b

, a, aa a a b aa aa,

a a a a aa a. S aa a , a baa ,

a . T aa a a b a

a b . F a, a b a

a a . A a a ,

aa a a aba a a aa a

, a a a a a a, a a a

aa a a a.


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2

T a a a

a . O aa a

aa aa a aa, a aa a , a b

a, a a a a .

T aa a a :

C 1, I, a a a a

ba a aa .

C 2, D , ab b a

a a a a a aa b. Ga

a a , a

a aa , a a a a b b ab

ab ba a aa a a a b

a.

C 3, , a a b a ,

a aa , ba a aa , a

ab a a.

C 4, C , a a ,

aa a aa a. T a

, , a a a a ,

a b, a a a b .

C 5, D , ,a aaba, aa,

a aa, aa, a a a b (aa a).

C 6, , a aa aa a a

( a a b a) a a ( a

aa), ab .

C 7, I, , a a

a a a, a a a baa , a aa aa

a a a . T a a a a ,

a a, a a a a

aa a .

WHO a a aa aa a a aa a a a. I b a a ba

.


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3

1.Introduction

1.1. Why vaccination coverage is assessedVaa

1a a a a a a b aa a

. I a a a a, a, a (.., aaa a (DTPCV1, DTPCV2)). I a a a

a.

Ma aa a a a :

a aa a baa a aa ,

a aa a b ab;

a a a;

aa a a a a (SIA) a a a a;

aa a a, a, b a a a ( a a a a ), a

a b a a aa ( a

a a ba aa a a a), a a

a a aa;

a a a aa a a

a a a aa a ( a a

, a a b a/ ba a, a a

a a a a );

b aa a aa a b, a

ba a; a

a a a a a a a, aa

Ga, Va Aa a .

1.2. Methods for measuring vaccination coverageVaa a a b a b aa b a .

Ua, a , aa a a a aa

a (a a a), aa a a a, a

aa aa (C, Ia & Ra, 2013). Sbaa

1I aa, aa a aa (a a) a a a'

aa a a. b a a' a .

I a aa a aa aa a. Vaa a

, a ( a ), a, a a

a, a b a, a b a a

b a b , a a . T aa b

a a b aa a a a a a a a a a.


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4

a aa a a, a aa a

a a aa a a, a ba

, a a a a a aa ,

a a b a aa b ba a

a a . Aa aa a aaa b aaab a a

a a, ab a aa a ,

a a b a a a a. I aa aa aa

a . B a a a ba

, b aa aa a a aa.

S a b a aa

a . I a , aa , a ba

(HBR), a a a aa a a b a , a ,

aa.

S a a b ba a (a

b, b a a) a a ab. S

a a a a

a a ab aa a a a a a a

.

T a, , a a a a a. F,

a, ab aa a b a

aa . E a a ab ( a aa

ba a a ) a a B a ( ab

a a a a ab a a a).

S, a, ab a ab a a

b . T, ab ab ab a a a a a

aa; a a a aa ( a, a

a), ab a a a a b aba aa.

Ba a a a a b a

aa a a aa a a (C, Ia & Ra,

2013; MaN, L & D, 2014). T ab aa a a a

a a a a a a aab, a aa

aa aa aa. Saa WHO a B a b

b (WHO, 2011), a a aba . T a

ba b a , a , a

a b . S a .

1.3. Cluster surveys: a practical survey method for reliable results

if designed appropriately and excellent quality control is done


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5

C a aa , a a ab

a a a a a ba a a

b ( Ca 2 a A B1, B2, a B3). C a b

a a b aa a ( a a

a 95% a a a) a

aa ab , , . P, a

aa a (LQAS) a a a, b aa

a b a LQAS .

Pbab a a a a a a a aa aa.

Pbab a a :

a ba a;

a aab aa a

a Da a Ha S (DHS) [.a.] a M

Ia C S (MICS) [../a/_24302.]; a

a aa a a a b.

T aaa a bab a a a b a a a b

a, a bab a b aa. T

a a a a aa a a a,

b a a.

T DHS a MICS aa bab a , a a

baa a aa a a , a, aa, a

(Ha & A, 2013). B a, EPI a a a

b aa a a . A a a a a

a a a 30 a a a a

a a aa , a a a

aaa (Ba, Fa, D & Waa, 1994; C, Ia & Ra, 2013; Ga, R &

Ga, 2007), :

Nbab a: I a

(WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10), a a

a a, a 7 . A a a

a a , a a a a

bab b a a . T a a bab a.

S b : T a ba

a ab .

S a a a: T a b a a

( 30 7 a ) aa aaa

a a a a, a 2005 aa

(WHO, 2005)a a aa .


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6

L : T a a a

a aaab a .

N aa: A ab a a a

ba a a a a, aa , a bab

a a . N aa a aa aa .

L ab a a: I a a a a

a a ab ba a a a

aa aa. A, aaa a a aaab

aa.

Gba, a a a a aab EPI a a

. M a aa a a a b a

a a . N a a a a,

a a a SIA a , a a . H,

a a a aa a a aa. W

a a , b b aa a aa a. T a a EPI a a a EPI.

1.4. Changes to previous methods and materials

I EPI aa a:

.Pa a a a WHO

a a babba a, bab a b

aab a . A a a bab a a b ;

3.6 a b .

; A E a F a a a

.

H . T

a aa, a a, a

a a a . E a a aa a

b a , a a ba

, a a bab ba a a

a. (F a, a b ba aa a a

a b a aa .) T aa a

. T a, a a aa a a

a . S 3.6.4.

E .T 2005 EPI aa a a b

aa a a b a. T a a

ba a a a ba: a a, aa ,

b a a a b b a


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7

a . T a b a. G

a b a a b b aa, ba

aa a a. Ia, WHO b a a

, a DHS a MICS. L,

a a a a a

a a a . (F SIA, b a

aa SIA a SIA). I a

a a a ab a

a aa a a a a a aa. I a a

a a a SIA a b a a a.

I .Ea a a

a a a b a. T aa

aa b a . T a

ID , a aa a aa a

a aa a b a . B aaa a b , a a a a ba

a a . T a a a

a b, a a SIA a b a a 9

15 a . S 4.1.3.

C .U aa, bab a

a b a , a b

a. T, a a aa a a

a , a a ba a a a a. S

6.2.

.T aa EPI a

a 7 30 (7 30) aa a a ab a

10% a a a a 50%, a 2. A a 10%

a aab a a ba aa a a b a , a

aa a a . Naa, a

aa b a a a a, a

a. T a a a a a a .

T a a a aa a a a a,

a b aa aa, a

a aa aa, a SIA a a

a. S 2.7.

.O a a a a aa

a a SIA a a a a ( a, a 15 a aa

a (MCV) a 30 a a a), a a a a a


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8

a a aa a. A a a b

a a a aa aa a a a a a a

, a a bab a a a a a a . W

a aa a b, a

b, a a. S 2.12.

.Taa a aa a a b

ba aa . G b aa

a a aa SIA

a, a aa a b a aa

a a . W ba aaab, (b

), WHO a aa a b a a a

a a() a a a aa a ab aa

.

T aa a ba a b ba aa aa

a a a a. T a a a b aa a a a

( a aa), aa a a

a a . Vaa a a a b a

a a b a a a , a a

a aa. A a a a b aaab a a

.

W ab, a a a a aa b a

, a aaab, , a

ba . S 3.7. T a a , b a

aa a a. I a a b a

a a a.

. I a a

a aa, a ab a a

aa. Daa a a a

. Da aa a , a a a a aaab, a

a aaa aa a (GPS) aab, a a

a a a a a a b aa

a. T aa aa a a a aa

aa . S 3.4.5.

I a, aa a a a

ab a a a.

1:


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9

E

R C a (.. b a )

a a a a

a ba a a aa

D

a a

aa

a b

a

U aa aaab

I a a a b (.., a

a ), a

B a a a a b

a a a

Nbab a

a a ba

U bab a

U aa aa

M a

a ba a

P a

C a a a a

b aaab

W a aa a

C a a a aa a HBR

D b

I

L HB

HB

Ma

a a

aa a a

a HBR a a

b a

C b ab HBR

A HBR, a

I a HBR a

S a aba HBR

HBR

I

I

Caa a

a a

b a

a a

b aa

E aa a a

G

S a a a

Saa , a a,

F a , a a ab a

a a a aa

D

Ma a aa

a a

Ca ba a

C

Pa aa

C a a a a

a aa

I a, ba

, a

C a a, a a

I aa aa a aa

Tab b : C FT, Ia HS, Ra DA (2013) Ma Ca MNCH: D, Ia, a Ia Ca

Aa Ta Vaa Ca U H S. PLS M 10(5): 1001404. Tab :10.1371/a..1001404.002

2.Design the sample structure of the survey


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10

T a a a aa a . I

a a a , a a,

a aa , aa a a , a a b a ,

a aab a . T a a F 1.

F 1. E

2.1. Convene a survey steering group


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11

F a a a a a

. Ra a b aa

a, aa a, WHO, UNICEF, a, a a. Ia,

b a a aa aa a

a , a aa a a a. Ba

aa aa a a a ,

a b a aa a a aa

a a .

2.2. Discuss the purpose of the surveyT a ab ab a aa

a, a a a a a aab aa

a .

S a b a , a a aa a

a. I a a , aa a a a .

T a a a a a. T

a a a a a

a a b a a aab a a. O, a aa a

a ab a a, a a a .

O a a b , , a

. F a, a a a a a a a

, a a a a a (

a, a a aa a a ). T a

aa a a aa , a a

a a a .

T a , a a a a a a

a (a) a . T aa a aa,

a (a ), a a (a

). F , a bab a 10,000+ a. T

a a a a a .


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12

2.3. Identify primary questions that affect survey design and

sample sizeT a a. I

a a aa A B1, B2, a B3

a . T a a a a a a a

a, a a , aa, a

b aa, b a a

( Ca 6).

T a a a . A a a

a aa a a a a a. Caa

a a a a aa a ,

b a a aa, b aa , a,

a. Fa, aa a ab ( a,

) a aa a.

2.3.1. Descriptive or estimation questions

H a , a a aa a

aa a:

Wa a a a b a a ba ( a, DTPCV1,

DTPCV2, a DTPCV3)2

?

Wa a a aa a aa 3?

Wa a a a aa a SIA (a a a

)?

Wa , a, a aa SIA a b

aa a b?

Wa b a 12 a b aa a?

2.3.2. Comparative or hypothesis-testing questions

Caa a b a a a

, b , a, a aa, .:

Ha a a a a a?

I a a ( a/ SIA) b ?4

2I b a aa a a a a

a a a a a. F a, ba a a

a a, a b a a b a a.

3T aa a a , a a , a a a b a a;

a a a .


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13

I a a ( a/ SIA) ba a a

( a, b . , a . a ,

. )?

A aa a a ( a, 5

a aa a)?

2.3.3. Classification Questions

Q a b a b aa ab , a

a a aa SIA :

W a a a a a a aa (

a, DTPCV3 a b 80%)?

W a a a a a a ?

W a a a a a

95% ab b ?

2.4. Define the target populationT a a , a b a a

a . F aa aa a, a a a 12

b a a a aa b .

U a a aa a :

a 1223 , a a aa a 9 a

a a;

a 2435 , a aa ( a, MCV2,DTPCV4) b 1223 a;

a b a 12 5( ), aa

a (T TT) a a a a

aa aa a a b; a

a 14 a (a 15), aa HPV a a HPV a

913 a . T a a a b aa a

aa a a .

4T a aa aa aa a b b b

a a .

5R a b a 12 a aa T TT a ba a ab

aa a (a , a a a) a b a

. S a aa a a a a b a a, b a

a ba a a a a b, a a T TT aa.


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14

F aa SIA a, b a a a b SIA a

a b ( a,


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15

bab aa . S A B2 a. F a, a

a SIA a a , a a 90%, a

bab a a aa aa SIA a ab 90% a a

b 5% a. Ta , a a 5% a aa a

a a ab 90%. L, bab a a aa SIA a

b 80% a a b 10% a.

2.6. Select a survey designO a a , b a, a

a a, b ab a , a , a aa a

a.

I a a a a , a, aa ,

a (aa, , ), a a

a aa. W a a a a, b

a a a a aa aa. I a, b ab ab a a a a

.

2.6.1. Survey design for estimating coverage

I a a a a a a, a

a , a a a a . F 2

a a a a a ba a a

, a a a a a. T

a ab A B1 ab b a .

2.6.2. Survey design for classifying coverageW a a, a b ab a a a

a . T a a baa a,

b b a aa a a , ba a a

aa a a a a a

(, a). K a a 15 a a

( a a ) a aa .

I , a a a a a a b

aa a a ( a a aa

). T a b , a a a aa a .


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16

F 2.

2.7. Calculate the required sample sizeT b aa, aa a a a a aa a

a a. A B1, B2, a B3 b aa aa a .

W a a a aa a a (b a a

b ).

I a a a b, a

a a b a . W a b aa a

a a b a ,

U a a

a a a

aa a a

. B a a a 15

a. U Tab B2 B3 A B1 aa

a a .

U a a a

a (30+ a )

aa

. U Tab B1 A B1

aa a a

.

(

)

(.. )


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17

.

,

.

. W ,

.

,

.

2.7.1. Sample size for estimating, classifying, or comparing coverage

,

,

. .

, 5%,

. .13 ( ) .

W ,

, ,

.

: A D . ,

A 1, , 3.

A.

, ,

.

.

U ( )

a a b a a a .

C.

U a ab (DEFF), a ba

a a aa a b aa a. Ea

a a a 2 a a a a a

. A B1 a Tab C;

b a a a a a a a

aa a a baa aa aa a .

D.

Ea aa b a .

T a a a a a b a

a aa . I a a b a a ba aa.

E.

U a ab a a a

b a a a a , b aa.

F a a, a aa aa a b a (

a, bab b 90% bab ab 80%) a bab aa . A

B2 b a aa.


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18

Sa aa a aa a a a, a, b

, , , a, a a HPV a a a

a . F a a, a aa

a aa a.

U A B1, B2, a B3 . T aa aa a

a a.

2.7.2. Common parameters for sample size calculations

T aa a a a a aa. Ga b, a

, b aa. T b b a aa; aa

a a a A A a A B1, B2, a B3.

: I a b >10% a a

b a a a a aa a

a a. T a a b . Ca a a aa

aa.

A ():T a a a a a

, a a a a a . F a

aa , a a a a a 50%,

a a a b a 0% 100%. T

aa a a aa a a ab

a a a.

I (ICC): T a a a

. T b a (DEFF) a a a aa. Ua, b a a, a a

b a aa. Aa, a a a a

a a a a b b , a a

a aab . A B1 a ICC a.

C ():T a 5%. T a a b (100) %,

a 95%.

C (CI) : T a a a a. I (100

) % CI b a 5% ( a, CI = (52%, 62%)), a b 5%. T

a, a CI b, a a a a b . I

aab, CI b a a b a.6

6Ca a , a a (CI) a a a 50%,

b a 0% 100%. I , a a b CI a a a

a. Ta , a a 5% , b a CI b 5%.


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19

(): T aa a a b 5

a 15, a ba b a aa a a a a a a

a b a a aa , a a a b

a . W a a ba

a a b b a . T b

a a , a aa b b

b .

:T a a b a b

a. T b a a , a

a a.

.A B3

b a aa.

T a a aa.

2.7.3. Examples of calculating a sample sizeE 1:

I a aa a a a

10% a a 50%, ab A B1 a a b A B C D

E b a :

A.

Nb aa = 1 (aa a )

B.

E a = 103 (A B1, Tab B1)

C.

A aa a aa 7 a a a

a a 1/3, b 3. (A B1, Tab C)

D.

A a a b b a aa 20% , ba a b a a, a aa

5 b .

E.

A a 10% a b b a

a , aa , a a b 11%

a . (A B1, Tab E)

T a a b b aa a a a a a a a

b :

1.

Ea a a a: a = A B C =

(1)(103)(3) = 309. T aa b a ba

b b .

2.

Ta aa 309 a:

(A B C) D E = (309)(5)(1.11) = 1,715

3.

Nb =

=

= 44.1. 45.

4.

Nb = D E = (5)(1.11)(7) = 38.85. R 40.


28/110

20

I a, a 45 a aa (EA) b a

a . I EA a baa a 40 , EA

a b ( a a) a a ab 40 a a

a b a ( A E).

T b aa . T a a a a a a a a a . I a,

a a a a ba. A a

a a a aa , ba

a. F aa a a (

) ba, a aa a b . T b

a ba a a a a b a

b . O aa, ab

. Pa a a a a a a a

a, a a a , a

a a. T a a a a a a aa a a a a a

. T a a a a b .

E 2:

N a a a aa a

a a a aa . I a , a

a aa , a b a a a

aa a. S a a a

a a a a 5% a a 50% a . T ab

A B1 :

A.

Nb aa = 5 ( a )

B.

E a = 401 (A B1, Tab B1)

C.

A aa a aa 7 , a a a

a a 1/3, b 3. (A B1, Tab C)

D.

A a a b b a aa 20% ,

a aa 5 b .

E.

A a 10% a b b a

a aa , a a b 11%

a . (A B1, Tab E)


b :

1.

Ta a a: a = A B C = (5)(401)(3) = 6,015.

T aa b a ba b b

.


29/110

21

2.

Ta a aa 6,015 a:

(A B C) D E = (6,015)(5)(1.11) = 33,384

3.

Ta a : B C D E = (401)(3)(5)(1.11) = 6,677

4.

Nb a =

=

= 17

5.

Nb = D E = (5)(1.11)(7) = 38.85. R 40.6.

Ta =

=

= 860

I a, 172 b a . I a , a

a b a a a

40 . A 40 b a aa

a a a b . T b a

a , b aa b a 7. Saa a b

aa a , a a a b b a aa

a aa a. T aa a b , a a

b a (401)(5) = 2,005.

N a a 10% Ea 1 5% Ea 2 a

a 103 401. I a a a a . S

Tab B2 A B1 aa a .

E 3: I

I Ea 2, b a a a 401 . U

, a a 5% , b

a a a a a, a a,

a a a a b.

F a, a a aa DPTCV3 80%, a

a a a a a 80%, a a 80%,

b a 80%. T a aa a; Tab B2 a B3 A B1 a a

aa a (aa B).

T aa b a a. S a a

a a, , a aa b. T aa a a

:

1.

I 95% b ab , a a a b

a ab .

2.

I 95% b b , a a a b

a b .

3.

I a b a , ab a

b, a a a a a a a b ab

b 80% 95% .


30/110

22

T a b a: a a baa a a

aa a aa . T a a,

a a a a . T

a aa a a a ab b 80%, a

a , a , a Tab B2 B3 a a a

aa a ab bab a b a

.

T a a aaa. I a a a ( a,

95%), a a a a a 45 a a

95% b a ab a 80%. H,

80%, b a b. I a 85%,

a a ab 250. I a 81%, a

a a 10,000 a a a a

ab 80% !

T aa a aa A N a F 9 6.5.2. T

a a A B3 a a a 1%, 5%, 10%, a 15%.

Sa a a a a aa .

T a a a aaa aa a b

a a a a a

a aa #3 ab (a a a 95% )

a a a aa . A a b

a a aa aa, a a a

a aaa aab:

1.

T a aa a , a a A N, a

a a a a ab b , a

a b a 95% . I , b

a , a b ab a a, ab a

a 95%.

2.

Y aa ,

aa a a a ab , b, a ,

aa a a .

3.

Fa, a aa, a a a a,

a aa a b aa a a

a a a aa .

E 4: H 12

I a aa a Ha Paa V (HPV) a

a a 12 a . I a a aba ,

b a , a a a:


31/110

23

1.

Ea a a b a aa a

a a a a.

2.

Ea a a a a a a a

aa a ( a, 12), a a .

T a aa a a aa a a b a.

I a a a a 2 HPV a a 12

a 5% a 75%, ab A B1 :

A.

Nb aa = 1 (a a )

B.

E a = 340 (A B1, Tab B1)

C.

A aa a aa 10 a a a

a a 1/6, b 2.5. (A B1, Tab C)

D.

A a a b b a aa 10% ,

a aa 10 b .

E.

A a 10% a b b a

a aa , a a b 11%

a . (A B1, Tab E)


b :

1.

Ta a a: a = A B C = (1)(340)(2.5)= 850.

T aa b a ba b b.

2.

Ta a aa 6,015 a:

(A B C) D E = (850)(10)(1.11) = 9,435

3.

Nb =

=

= 5

4.

Nb = D E = (10)(1.11)(10) = 111

I a, 85 b a . I a , a a

b a a a

111 . A 111 b , a aa

a a a 12 a . T b a a

, b aa b a . I a a a 75% a

ICC a a 1/6, a b a 5%.


32/110

24

N aa a a a a b a . I

a 7%, Tab B1 a a

a 340 182 a b 85 46.

I a a a ba a aa a 100% a 12a

, a a b a a baa. S a a a a b a a

a a a a . T a a

a, b aa aa a , b

a a a . T aa a a a

a b a a ,

a . I aa a b

a a 10 a b a a

a aa .

2.8. Draft an analysis plan, table shells and report figuresA a a , a a aa a a a ab

a . T b aa aa , a

a aa a a.

S Ca 6 a A Q a.

2.9. Budget for the survey and estimate the timelineN, a a b . A b a , a

a aa. C Tab 2 a a a b. I

a b a , a a a ,

a aa a. Rb a aa a.T , a a a a a a aa b . I b

a a b a a a a a a

a a a a , a aa a .

I a , a b aa, b

a, a a b . B a a

a , a, a , a . S DHS a MICS b

a a ://a./ba/ba10aa

aa.a ://../ a.

T ab b a a a, a,

a aa . O, a aa a , a

a ( ) a a a aa a aa.

F SIA , b a aa a a

a a a aa a SIA a a

aa. T, a a aa, a a a


33/110

25

a SIA a. T a a a SIA a b

a Tab 2 , aa a a aa a a

a SIA a a. I aa a ,

a a a aa a aa, b

a, a bab b a SIA . I a

aa, a , b a a a

a a.


34/110

26

2. 7

Sa A T

F a a a b;

a; a

a, , a

; a aa b a a ;

a aa ; a

; a ba ; a

a.

M 14

(a a a RFP

a

a, a a

a,

a ab,

a

a

aaab).

D a / a

a/ aaab

Oba

Oba a aa a

S a a ( ba a aa

a)

V a a aa , a a ba a

D, a aa a

Pa a ,

P a (

a aa a, a ba,

a, a

),

Pa aa/ aa a

(SOP)

Pa a () a aa

Pa aaba Ta a

, GPS a,

, aa a a,

a, a aa

a, SOP a a

a aa

M 5 ( a

; a

40 a b

)

Ta aa a a a

D Ca a a

C aa b ( a

a b a ,

)D a

R

M 6 ( a ),

68 (

a aa);

,a , ab

a aa )

7Sa a a a a , a

.


35/110

27

D

Daa a ( a ) M 67 (a )

69 (a ); aa

b

aa a

a a aa

)

Fa aa a a

Daa aa, ab a a

Pa/ a M 1012

Pa a , a

C aa ba a, a

, a a a ba

Pa /a a

W a a baa

2.10. Evaluate affordability and timelinessI aab a a b aaab a ,

a b a, a b Ca 3.

I aab a , aa

ba , aa, a a a a a

a a , a aab a a a

aab a. S b a a.

I a a aab aa a a aa ,

a a , a a

a a aa .

I b aa a a a a a , b ab, a

aa a a . T

aa a b a .

1.

A b a aa b . I

a a b , b aab a

a a, a a, a, a

.

2.

A a aa. F a, a SIA a a

b a aa a a aa . S aa SIA a a a, a a

a b a a b SIA a RI a.

3.

A a a a a.

4.

Ca a a a a a a a . Ra a

aa a a a a , a a a

a a a a , a aa aa a a


36/110

28

a a a aa . T a a

a a a a a . T b a

a a a a . I

a , a a b , b a a a

a a a b a . W

aa a aa a, a

a b baa a a a.

F a, a a a 10 , a a b 15 a 25 , a aa

a 203 . T a a a a a 5%

. Aa aa a DTPCV3 b 85%, a 55% 95%

b . T a a 5% 55%, a 4

1,600 .8A 10 a , 160

. Ra 203 32,480 a

aa 324,800 ! T b , a a a

a. B a a.

1.

Ea a a aa a a a b ( a

a aa aa aa, a aa

a a , a a aa).

2.

Ca a a a aa aa a a a a a

aa . Caa b a 15 20 . T

a a (203 15) = 3,045 , a . A

a a b a a a a a , a

a a a a a a a

.

3.

Ea a a a a aa , , a, 160

. T a a (10 160) = 1,600 , a

a a a a a. T

a a a a a b a,

b a .

4.

Ea a a a , a, 30

a aa a a a aa . T a (10 30) =

300 a baa a a a . I , ,

a a a . T b (a)

a a a a , b a b

a a a a.

8T 2005 aa aa a 2. I a, b aa a a

2, aa a a a 3 a 7 , 4 a 10

.


37/110

29

T a a b, a 32,480 300 . T

a a a a a

a aa , a b .

2.11. Implications of adding routine immunization questions to a

post-SIA surveyI a a a ab

a (RI) a aa SIA a. Pa a a a baa

a aa b a a a aa a , a

b b a a a RI

a a aa aa. I aab, b a RI a a

a a a SIA . S a b a a

a a, a baa b a a a SIA a a a a

, aa , a a RI .

W ab a aab b RI a SIA a a b . T b b aa

SIA b.

T a a a a baa a a RI

a SIA .

T ab a RI (a a a ) a

a a SIA ( a 14a ), a

a b . I RI a a a , b

a b b a a a b . T a

baa a a a .

T aa RI a a a a SIA ,

a b ab baa a.

RI a a a a a SIA a a,

a a a a a .

T a a (ICC), , b baa

RI a a a b a SIA a,

RI a a a.

I a b a RI a a a ba aa a EPI

aa a a ba . T a abaa a .

Fa, a a a RI a a , a aa ( a

a ) a aa SIA a . A b ab, a

a a b aa , a

a a .


38/110

30

I a a a RI a SIA a , a a a

a a . A a

a a SIA a a a, b a a ba.

B a SIA aa a a a a RI a

, a a aa a b , a b b a a RI a a. F a, a b a a

a a RI RI a a a ( ) a

SIA ( ). T a, a a a

aa, a a a a SIA

a.

2.12. Designing for multiple outcomesSa aa a aa a

a a . W a a b a a a a, b

a aa a, a a a b a a a a .

I a aab, b b a a. I aab,

b a. I a a

a, a b a a a aa

a a a bab

a a.

2.13. Designing for multiple geographic areasI a a a a a a aa aa, a b

a aa a a aa a b . I

a a a a ab a a, a

a a baa. Saa a a 50% a

a ba a ( a, 5%) a aa a a 0%

100%. A a b aa a a b a, a

a a a. Y a a a , , b

aa a a a a, ba a ab a a

a .

F a, Tab B1 A B1, a a 5% a

a 401 a a 50%70%, b a a

216 a a 90%. Sbaa a a a aaab b a a

a a. O , a b ,

a a a, a a a a a a a

a 50% a a a aa.


39/110

31

2.14. Designing for multiple levels of administrative or geographic

hierarchyCa a a a a a aa a.

T a a a a , a aa

a aa a . I a a a b a a . F

a, a a SIA a b

b 95% a aa a a a , a

a a 5%, a aa a a aa a

a a a a, a 3%.

I a, a a a a, a

a a a a a, a a a

b a . I a (a , a a

aa ) b a. T a a a a

a, a b a a. I a

a a , b a a a a ,

a a a a a a . Baa

aa b a a a a .

T aa a a a a

a . I a a a a, a a a a

a a . F a, b

a a aa.

E: C

C a a aa a a 60 a ,

. Pb a a b:

1.

Ea aa a aa, baa (1 a);

2.

Ea aa a a a aa (10 aa; b

);

3.

Ca a a a a aa a (10 aa;

a );

4.

Ea a a , a aa a a aa (60 aa;

b );

5.

Ca a a , a aa a a aa (60 aa; a ).

A 5. T a aa a 60 ,

15 a a a a b 10 . T a a a

aa 9 14 a, a a, b

, aa. Ta a 20 a

, 300 , 18,000 a. T b


40/110

32

10 , 150 , 900 , a 9,000 aa. I a a 30

7 , a a, a 15 10. B b ,

a a a a.

N a a RI . T a a: aa

b aa a a 18,000 a a, a a RI a a a ? I a a a

a 1223 a a aa , b

RI , b 60, b

360, a b aa 3,600.

A RI a a , aa , aa

aa, aa a , a a . Ea a

ba a a a aa RI . F RI

a a ab a aa a a b a a.

T , a a aa b a a a aa

. T aa a (SIA, 1223 RI,

a 011 a) a a a aa a

. W a aa a? V a a a

aa? I a, a a a

a RI .

Ca a b a a RI a

a a b a aaa . F a

SIA aa a b b b b, aa a

aa aa a a b ab

aa aa. F, a aa a

a, a, a aaab , a a ;

aa a a . T a ba

aa a a , a b a .

A a RI a a. W a a b RI

, b a (ab 1.5), a

b 240. Tab B1 A B1 a a

6% a RI a 75%. T a a b

=

40, a a a a . Tab B1 a a

a b a 10% a 40.

I aab a SIA a a , a a a a

a aa , a a aa a a a b

aaab.


41/110

33

I a a RI a , a

a, a b 2.11. T ba a aa 10 RI b

a 50 . T a 2.5 a a

a 60 RI , Tab B1 a a

a a 10%. A a a a a

a a. T a a a

a a, a a SIA .

2.15. Reporting results by subgroupsS a a b b, a a ( a

SIA ), a ( a HPV ), a, ,

a aa. T a a b a a a

a a a a a a .

T b a b a aa a, b

a ( a a) ba . I a a a b, a aa a

a a . I , b a b b a

b, b a b a a.

D a b aa a

ba b, b a b

a ab a a a. S

a b a a

aa (100 aa a/a) a a 30%

a a a 12 ( b a b

b aa a b) C Da C a P

NHANES a9. W a , b a aa

aa a a a b a a a b a

a a .

9://..//a/NHANES/SD/VaaEa/.


42/110

34

3.Make concrete plans

3.1. Set survey scheduleR a a a . W

b aaab? W baa a, Tab 2 a . K a a, a aa

b . A a a a , a ba

a aa , ba a aa a a a a a

a.

B a a a a a a .

A a a a . A a a, (

), , . a a a

ab . T a a a a

ab aa . D aa a a aa a.

A a a . F a, Raaa a a b

a b a , a a

a. A, , a, a a a

a ab a , aa ba .

A, b, a aa aa . Ra a b

ab a, a, a aa ,(a

a ) a a.

D a a . T b a a

a . T a a a a,

aa b a ( , ba

a aa). Ma a a a b a a a . C

a a b a aa

.

F SIA , a a a a a aa

a ba.

3.2. Decide who will conduct the survey and create a project planD aa b . Aa a

a ab . I a a , a a a T R a a

a a b b aa.

Y a a a a . D a

b . Ca a b a

aa a b a ab ( a a

a a a a).

W a a , a , a a a a

a a a b a:


43/110

35

ba a aa

a a a a, a aa, a, .

aa a

aa aa

ba a a a a a a

ba aa

a a a

a a aa

a aaba

a a aa

aa aa

a a a .

3.3. Obtain ethical clearanceT b aa aa

a b. D a a a a a a .

A aa a a a a .

I a aa b , a

ba aa b. F a aa , aa b a . F a

ba a, a a ba aa.

M Ia R Ba (IRB) a ba a aa a

, a a a. Vba

a :

1.

a b ;

2.

ba a b ;

3.

aa ab a ; a

4.

a , a b ba a

b a, a a a aa, .

A a a a a b. Ma , aa

a aa, a a a a b

a a. I a a a

a . I, , a a ba a,

b .

T R Ba a a aa

b , a a b a a a

a .

3.4. Design data collection tools and methods

3.4.1. Vaccination data to collect


44/110

36

I aa a , a

aa10

( 5.4.2).

1. H (aa a). T b a b a aa

ba (aa a) a a, a , a a a.

2.

H . A b a a aa a a ( 3.7). T a b a ba

aa a : a b b; a a

a, a b; / a a a a

a; a a b aaab . H, a

ba b a a a, a

a , a a a b

a a, a a a a 24

.

3.

, . I ba aa,

, a ba aa b aa

(aa a). Sa b a aa a ( b)

ab a, a a ab a a

a a. A a a a

aa. Pa a a a aa aa a

a . A a aa aa

( a, , a , a, , ). A a b aa

a a a . I a b b

a a . I a a a b ,

b a ba .

3.4.2. Design forms

A WHO aa a aa a a aa

a, a a a a

a b a a a . T

b a b . T b aa a ba

aa a aa a a a a a .

L H I a a a b .

I a a a a a (S A F) a b

, a a ID a, a a ,

a b . T a b

a aa a b aa a a a

a b a a b . I a a , b

a a , a a a b b a

aa . F (HH) a a a

10N ab a aa ba a a .


45/110

37

, a F HH a a ba

. N a a b a a a

a a aa, . I , b a

a a a . A a aa ID

a aa, a a, a aa ID a

.

H F HM A H a

, b ,

aa, aa ( aa a

a a b a 12 ) a ab a ,

a a a. Sa a b b

a . A a , a, aa

b , a a a a a a

a aa .

I F RI, TT, a SIA A H a a

a a , a a ab , a

aa aa , .

H F RIHC a TTHC A H a a

aa a a a a.

C O a b a a, a a, a

aa b , a a , a , a a

a a (1223 , 011 , a

SIA).

F T a b a .

F aa aa b aa a

ba a . F a, a a

a a a ba . T a

aa b b a b , aa a a a

a a. E a b a a a

.

A ab a a a aa: a a b

SIA a, , aa a aa a, . b aa

a aaa . T a b a

a aa a ba a aa b b a a aa, a a

/a b b aa.


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3.4.3. Design digital surveys, if applicable

Mb (ab , ab, PDA, a a) a b a a

aa a. T b aa b

a aa .

S aa a b a aa a a aa a. T a a a aa a

aa . Saa a b b a b a, a

a b. S aaba a a a aa

a a, a a a a a a aa ba.

U aa a a a

b aa a. T b ab a a,

aa a a b a b . I a

, a aa a ba .

Da aa a b. D aa a ba a. U a

a a a GPS a , a

aa ba. I a, a

a a b . A a a a a a .

I a a aa a a, a a

b a . T aa b a

a a aa b a.

3.4.4. Put individual IDs on forms

E a b aa a ID. T b a, a, a /a a . T ID a

a b a a:

b ( 4 )

b a ( ; a a aa 99

b aa, a 099, 100199, 200299, .)

b (a ; ab SIA a).

Ea a ID a . T

b b aa a, ba a a,

aa aa a ba a. T, a ID a b

. I , ID b a b a a a b

.

3.4.5. Plan to collect photos of evidence

P a a ; a . H, a a a

a/ a a a a

. A aba aa a a a aa a,


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a a ID, a a /a a . I aa

a a b , a b aa

.

Pa a a , aa . I

, a aa a, a a ab (P) a ID a .

Sa a a a a ID b , a

aa a a . R a() ()

a .

Ta a a aaa. W a a aaab a a

a a b . A

a a a b , a a a a

aaba. A b a b a aa a Ga aa a

b ; a a a aa a aaa aa

Ga aa. L a a a a a aa

a ( a, a a

a a), a a a . Fa, a a a ba

aa a a a a .

C, , a aa a a a . T

a aa aa , b a , , a

a aa a a a a

. I a a aa a a

a b a aa aa . T b

a ab a aa, a b a a a

a a ab .

Ob a a aa a aa a. O a

a a a , a . O a a a

a a a aa . K a

a aa a a a, a

a a a a a a

a a a a.

3.4.6. Pre-test survey forms and cluster mapsB b, a 510

, a a b .

I a a ab a . B

b, a a a ba a a a aa a a a

, a a aa. I a a a a b a aaab,

a b a a a ( 3.6.3).


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40

3.5. Choose data analysis toolsN, a a aa aa. T aa a

a a a, aa a a a

a ba aa a . I

ab a a aa a aa ( a

COSAS), aa aa a b Saa, R, SAS, E I, a SPSS a a

aa aa a ab.

T a a a aa aa a a (

aa a b a aa

6.4.1). Y a b aa, b

a a aaaa b b a. T WHO

aa a a a a a aa aa a a

a a aa.

3.6. Select a sampleI Ca 2, a a a a , b

. O a , a a .

S bab a a a ba . I a

b a a a a

a . Sa a a a

a a . Fa bab a a a B 1.


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41

B 1. F

3.6.1. Using cluster sampling

F , a a aa a a a a

a . C a a a a, a

a a a a a. F a a ,

b a a a a a . T a a a

a a (PSU); a a a

a a (SSU), a . Dab a a PSU a a a:

a (a)

(a )

ba a

a a aaab PSU a

a a a (ab a a b

) a PSU. T a b a aa b

, aa a b a.

F

. A a a

a a a, a a a . A a b aa a a (

a, a a ). I a a b b

a a a aa, b

a a .

a a a, a

a a, a bab a a , a

a a .

(), a aa,

a aa, a , .

I , . F a a

a , a a b a a b a a b

a a a b a a.

E .

E .

I

.


50/110

42

T a a a b a a a a a a ba, a

a aa (EA), a, a a ba

b. T WHO EA a b b.

EA a a aa . B a a

a .

EA a a a a . Ia b a

a , a a aa a b

a a EA. W a EA a a

a , a a b . D ,

a EA (a a a a )

ba. M a GPS a EA aa,

a a ba a a a a EA b b a

a a a G Ea a ( 3.6.3). B

a, a b a, a ba b a,

a a a a a.

I a, EA a a a, , a bab, a a a a a a a

a a.

T a ba b a a a a a

bab a a (PPES) a . U a

EA a a a a b. O, a a

a b aa PSU a a b a a a a

b a . T a b a . I EA

a b a a a , a

b b (a a a b b

PPES a), a b a aa aa aa.

I EPI , a a a () aa b

PPES, a a (a) a a

. I a, , a ba a a (a

a) a a a a a a ( a,

a 1223 ), a ba a a a.

Ba a , aa, a a a a a a

aaab, WHO a aa.

I , a a a b . H, a

aaa a PPES a: a a a ( a aa )

a b a PPES a, a b a b a

a bab a. T, WHO PPES a

, b a aa b a a a aa a a a

PPES a a aa a.


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43

3.6.2. Determine if an existing sample is available

D, , a a bab a b a b a

a . H, a a

a a b aa a EPI .

Ma a a aa aa a . I a b b, , a a

. O, a b

a.Ma a a a a a,

b a aa . E a b EPI . T a

a a a a a b .

Aa a a a . T a

b b a

, a a aa .

W a EA a a . Y a a

, a , a a a aa b EA ( Ca 2). T a a

a ba aa a a , a a a b

a aa .

U a . Y a

a a ab, a a a a a a

. T aba a a a

b a, a a a a

a.

E a a a b aa a DHS, MICS a a . T

b b a bab a. Y a a,

a a DHS/MICS a aa

aa ( a, b a a a ). Eaa a

a b a a (), a

b PSU a a a aa.

S DHS ba a aa b a

a , a a a 1223 . A ,

a b b a a a,

a a PSU a a ,

aa, b ( A B1). F SIA a aa a

ba a , b DHS b aa.

3.6.3. If no suitable sample exists, develop a sample

I a Naa Sa O ba a a,

a a a. A a

b DHS MICS a a a a. I


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44

, aa a (a ab), a b b

a a a a , a aa a

DHS/MICS a b ab.

S aa a a a b

a aa a a ( a, a a b ). B aa a a b b a

a, a a b a

.

B a .

1.

EA , . I

a ba a a a

a. A, a EA a a GPS a, aaab. I

ba a a a. I a

EA a b ba ba aa aa a a, a aa a a a a b a

a (DHS Sa a H L Maa, 2012a). I a a

a aa , ba a b a a b

, a a PSU a ( b) a a

a .

2.

E , , ,

(DH H L , ICF I,

2012). Ca a aa a a. A

a a a a a a a , a

a a a. T WHO a

a, a a b a, a a b

a a a a. I aa a a a

a aa a , b a a a aa

aa ba bab a PSU

a ( 6.2).

3. I , EA

.

4. I , ,

EA. T a a EA.

5.

I EA ( A B1),

. Ua aa a b a EAa. F a, a aa a aa, 10 a 12

23 b a a a ba a a

(b a a aa ), aa b

a 1223 , PSU a a a 80 . I a EA a a

80 , b b a b, a

ba b a a b .


53/110

45

6.

( )

. T b a a a.

7.

I , EA

, . N EA b

a ba a aa 5. T EA a a

a a b a a.8.

D EA ( )

()

()

( A E ). T a a a a (aa

a, a a, aa) a a . I aa EA,

a ba, EA ( a a), a

a a EA (a a aa). I EA a , G

Ea a a b a a b, a a (

9.

10.

11.

B 2). I a a a a a , a

a a a EA a a a a . S a

a a a a , a

a b a a a a a a ( A E). T ba

aa, a aa ab a a a a a aa a .U a a b ab a a, a a

a EA; EA a a aa a

(b 7 ab) a .

T a A D b a PPESa a

aa a a a aa b ba/a .

F a a a a a (IDP), aa a

a a. I ab a, b a a

IDP a aa a . I a a

a a a a , , a a aa aa EPI , a a b . I a, a a a

a a b aaab a . F a a

a a aa a a , a

2015 U Na H C R (UNHCR) aa aa.


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46

B 2. G E

3.6.4. List households in selected clusters

D a, a a (), a a, a a

a, a a a a a . I a a

, a b a aa . A a

a a a a a a , b a a

a b .

F aa aa a a a a ( a,

a a a a , a a a, a a

a a), a a aa a b

a a a a aa. F a, 10

a 1223 , a a b a 30/1000 a a aa

5 , aa b 10 b


55/110

47

= 66.7. I a a aa (EA) a aa 100 , aa b

b a EA b

= 15 . I b

a b EA, b a a b

a, a a a , 67 a,

67 , a b a . O a, a a b a b a (a , a a a

), a a a a a aa a

a a a. I a MR aa , a

a a a a b , a a

aa a a a , a a a aa a b

.

W a a a , a a ( A F). I

a , a a a , a ab a a

( a, a ). S F HH A H a a. I a a a a a a

. I a a , b

, a aa a a aa

aa. I a a , ab a a

a a a a a aa aa. I

b , b , , ba a a a

b .

I a , a b b a b a b

. F HH a a a ab a

a b.

Ra a a a , a

a b a . C a

aaab a a b a b aa a

aaab a , a a aa

ba a a. F HM A H a a a (

) b .

3.6.5. Collect data on vaccination from eligible persons in each household

selected for the sampleI a , a a a a b a

a. I a a , a , a a b a

, a a a a b a a a

aa. I a , a a a a a a

a a. A a ,


56/110

48

a a b a , a aa a

.

U b a a aa a a a

aa a b. I a a ,

. I a ( a, aa a 1223 ) a b ba aaab, a a a b a

b ba a a

a.

T a a , b a

a a aa, a a a b a ,

a a a . E a b SIA a aa

aa a a a SIA a a a a a ( a MR aa

a 9 14 a, A aa a 30 a). A a

a b a , a a a , a b b

a a a

a ( a a, M a. 2015). R a a

ab a a , , a a

.

3.7. Obtain access to health registers for vaccination recordsY a a a aa a

, b aa a a . Pa a

a a a aa ab aba, a a

a ( ), a a a a (b

).

B b, ba a EPI , a a, a a

aa a aa. I b ba

a EPI aa, a aa a a b a

. Y a a a a a a aa a

a a . I aa a

, a a aa a

ba ba a aaab.

I b a a aa a a a a a aa a a aa a,

a :

aa aa a,

a a a a, b a,

aa a a a a a.


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49

I a a EPI a a a a

a . A a, aa, a b b

a a a . T , b a EPI

aa b EPI a a a a . I a ba

aa, a a b a, a a

a a b .

B aa a a a b a a a aa

a .

3.8. Select and hire staffO a b a ba aa a a

a . I ba, a b

a a (RFP), a b a aa

a .

O a . T a a a

, a .

T a b :

a aa a

a a a

a b a b a a

a

a a

aa a aa aa.

W b a b a a, a

b aa a aa b a . T a

a aab a b a a a a a

, a b b . T a a

ab a a a a .

T aa a aa a a , a a

:

aa , a a a ( a ,

aa a a b b a a/ a a a a

a);


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50

aa , a a a, aa a, a ;

aa aa, aa aa ab aa b a a

a .

Ea a aa :

b ( a a aa) a

( , b , a );

b aa a a aa a (a aa b a

b a b a ); a

b aa aa ( a a aa).

3.8.1. Field staff

Ra a a b aa . T a a a a. Sa, a a b ab

aa , a a a, a a aa

a a a. Ra a a

. S a a a, a a

a a.

Ra a a a b a aa

a a , a a b

a, a a aa a (a b

) a a aaab.

I aa a a b b a

a, b , b .

F

F a a . T a a a

a aa. A a b a ,

b , b a a a b. F a a

aa a a b. T a a

a, a a ab a a a a

a a.

T , a a a a b a. T

a b aa a a. S a , b a

aa a a a, a a a

. A, a a a b a a a a

a a .


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51

F a b :

a a a a

a b a a a

a b a a a aa aa

a

o a a ba aa ba aa

aa, a a, a aa a ba

o a aa a a aaab

ba

o a a a a a

a a a

o

a ba a a a a a.

a b a (a a a a) b,

, a aa, a a b

a aa a b aa

a a

a .

I

I a a , a a b

aa a aa . T a aab

aa a a .

B a .

I a a a ( aa), a aa

a a a , a aa a a

a a a a , a a aa()

b .

D a , a b a a a a a

b a. I a b b

a , a a b aa b a a a

.

I a a b a aaa a

. A a a a ,

a a a a a aa a

a .I a b ba a

a a, a a

a.

I b ab a a a, a b.


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52

T a a a a EPI a a

b.

o P aa aa (a EPI a) a

a , aa a

a b aa. H, aa aa

a aa b a a aa a, a,a a a, a a a a a a a ( a,

a aa a aa). T a

a aa a a aa

. I a a aa a , a a

a a aa a b a aa, aa a

a a aa.

D

D a b a a, a ab a a

a aa a . T a a , a b

a a a a aab .

T a a a b a. Ua a

a aa a aa b b a a,

a a.

T a :

a aa a

aa a a a

a a b

a a b .

La b , a

aa.

T a a aa aa aa b a

a b .

3.8.2. Data management and analysis

I

W aa b , a a (ICT) a

a ba a a . T b a aa

, aa, a a ba aa

a b a a.

D


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53

T aa aa a b aaba a

aa a. T a a aa (GPS a, a

a a , a, .) a b a, aa

, a a a b a b a

a. M b , a

a , a a a a

, .

T aa aaa aa a, a a a a

a a , aa a , a aa a b

ba . Fa, aa aa b a a

aa a.

D

D b aaab aa , a aa

a a b aa . W b , a b

a a aa a a aa , a aa a a

a a . Daa a b a a b

aa b.

T aa b a a a ,

a a aa aa. I a a ab a,

aa aa a b b . La,

aa a a aa aa

aaba , a b, a aa a a a

.

T aa a aa aa a a , a

, a b a b a a a

a a b aa . L,

a ab a a .

W a a aa aaab, aa a aa

aa, aa a, aa aab, a ab ,

a a aa .

A aa aa, aa a , , a a a

, a a b a a a a

. T aa a a aab a ab a b a,

aa, a b aa a aa aaab b a.

W a ICT a aa a a a , aa

aa aa a a aa a, a


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54

b ba aa a a a a, a a

a a aa a a .

3.9. Train staffA a a a . T

a a a aa a a.

Fa a a a a . Caa

a a a a b .

Ta a a b, a a a aa a

aaab a a a ( a).

3.9.1. Training time and number of trainees

Ta b ab a a . D a, a b

a a a b a a. I a a

a , a a

aa a.

I a a a a a a . N

a a . T a b 20 a,

a a a a a. Ha a

a b b.

A a a a a, , aa

aa ( a a a ), ba a

a . E b aa a a a

ba , , a a a . I a a aa aa

a EPI b a, a a a aa

a .

3.9.2. Training topics and methods

P a a b aa . U aa

a :

a a a

a b a a

a b a a b a

aa

a aa aa, a a a

ab a, aa a .

F a a , b:


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55

ab a (a a, , aa a

, .)

ab a a a

ab a a a b a a

aaba b a a .

Ta b a aa a b. I a aa a

b a ( a a a ), a

. I a , aa a a a aa

aa. C ba a a a a

a ba a a. S a a a

a aa .

C a a a (b aa).

T a a , a b

a . A a a b a .


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4.Conduct field work

4.1. Collect data from households

4.1.1. Visit all households selected for interviews

H a aa ( a aa) bab

a a a a . S a

b . T a a b a a.

I a a, a a aa a a a a

aa a .

S ( a ) b . W a a

a b a a, a a

a a a aa a . I a, a a b

a ba a . E a a b b a

a , a a .

T b a a , b a aa

ab aa, a a aa a, b

. I ab aa a aaab

, a a a a a b

a . R a a F HM.

T a b a b aa . P

a a a a a a a. S,

a a , a a b

a b a a a a ,

a a (F HH A H).

4.1.2. Conduct the interview

A a a , ab

a b ( a a

aa a ), a , ba a a. I

a, a ba a a ba

a ba a. I a b a ,

a a a a a .

T aa b a a / a a a b.

T a b aa a, a b a, aaab. I a a aaab,

a b b a aa a (a a):

a, a , a (, a), . I

b b a.


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A ba , b , a a.

T aaab a aa a b a a

a (Ha b a a? D a ? Ca b ?). I a

aa a, a a a a a ( a,

a a ba a a a a a a a).

I a a aaab, a b a aaab a aa

b a . T a b a a aa.

F a, a a a a

. T b a ab a a aa a a b

a.

I a a a aa b , aa b a a

a aa, aa EPI b a , a a

, a a . T a a ab a a (a a,

a , .) a aa a aa a

a .

4.1.3. Refer unvaccinated children to the health centre

I a a a a a,

a aa a a a. B

b, a a a a a , a a

aa. G a a aa a aa a a

a a a b aa a 12 . A a

aa a a b a a a.

4.1.4. Check the completed questionnaireE a b b , a a b .

E b a a b. I a b

a, b a , a b

a b a. T a a a a a

aa a, aa a a a a. T aa aa

a, , a a. I a a

aa a, b a. Aa b

a, a, a a b a, a a, b.

T a , , a b, a aaa a a . I a a,

b a .


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4.2. Check health registers from the health centreS 3.7 a aa a . I a

a , a a :

Na a a a b a a

a;

I a a a a aa a, a ;

T a a a, a, aa a

a ; a

T a a a a a a a . O

a a ( a aa a a a a), a

a . I , a a a a

a b.

A a , a a

aa a a , a a a a aa a

(F RIHC A H).

Ea aa a a :

aa a a

aa a aa a, a aa

a

aa a a .

S a a. T aa a a

a a a, b ba a a b . A a a

a, aa aa a a, a a a

ab aa aaba a .

4.3. Monitor the quality of field data collectionA a . T a a a

aa, a , , a a a a b

a a a aa.

4.3.1. Re-check households with no eligible children

I a a b ,

aa b .

4.3.2. Check completed questionnaires

R aa, ba , a a b ,

b, . T a a aa a

ba a . T a a a a

a a .


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Ea a a, a a

a :

F : Ea a b a a b aa

aa a a .

C : A b b a , ba aa a b aa b. Ia, b b 1

a b . F a, aa a b 30 ,

b b 1 30. A ba a a a

a a a (ID) a EA a a a a

a a a/ba , ID aa a b

a a b a a. T aa a a

aa a a a b a a ( a,

130) a EA b b ba.

H : T b a ba ID a

a b, a F HH ( A H). T b a

a b a b b aa aa. S a a b a , a

b a a b aa ( a, 100199,

300399).

H : A b b a a

aa a b aa. H b a a

a a 1 a b . F RI, TT, a PC

A H a a b a a aa F

HM. I a b a a . (N: D aa a a

aa, a b a a ID , a

ba a ID, ID, ID, a b. I

a b .) C : T a b b a a

a b b b a b a .

D : T a a b a .

D : Vaa a b b a b a a

. T a a aa b

a ab a ba . I ba

, b a aa, a a, b a

aa ba aa. F , aa a b

a a a a a a .

H ( ): I a a a

ba a b , a aa .

O a a a aab .

Fa, a ab , aa

b .


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Ea aa a a a ( a b

) a b b. I a, , a

a b a a a a a a b a,

a . Ea a a a

b . O b a b a.

T a a a :

1.

Ea b , b, a aa a.

W a a , a a

a a .

2.

E a, a , b, a

aa. T a a a a a b

a b , a , a a

a ( a, aa aaab a aa).

A b a a aa. T

a a a a .3.

T a a 10% (a a a) a

b a a a a b , b a a

, ba , a a

( a b a) b . Ba

a a, aa /

a a. Ia, a b a a

b a a a. Ca a , b a

a. A 10% a a b a

, a a b a a b

a . T b a b a , a a

a a b a. W ,

a aa a a a , a a

a .

S ba a ab a a,

a, a a . A a aa

b b , a a aa a (

aaab), a.

4.4. Check questionnaire forms and transmitT aa a a a a aa

. O a a a a b b , a a a a a b, b

a aaba. W aa a a ab ,

a a a a aa a a a a .


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4.5. Clusters that become suddenly inaccessibleEa , a a a

a a ab a . T a

a a, a b a aa a . T

a a a a aab a b a a

a ab a . A , , a a a

a a b a ab a a aa

a aa . C a a b ab b

.

I b a ( a, a a ) a a

aab a a a a b aa ,

aab b a a a a. T a

aa a ba a . T

ab aa a a. I b

a aab a b ab aa a a a,

a a , a aa

aa a aa a .

I a a a ab a a a a a

ab a , a a a aa a a

a ba a. S aa b

a a a a a b. O a,

ab a a a a a a a

aa a ( a, a),

a b a a ab a aa.

T a a a, , a ab

a a a a a b. I a

a a , a a a

a a a , a ab a a a

aa a , a a aa aa.


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5.Data entry, cleaning and management

T a b a a aa aa a a ab

. T a a aa a b a a a b

a a, a, a b aa. S a a aa , , a a aa a a a .

5.1. Database designD a a aaba aa . D aaba , a

aa a a a . T aaba

b a aa, a aa a aa

aa a a b a a b. T aa aa b

aaba a aa a.

C a aab, a a , a a

aaba ab. Ea aab a a ( b), a ab, a a

a a. Caa aab a a, ab a a. R

D R a a a b a aa

a. A aa a b , b a b a a b a

a aab aa. S 5.5 b a b.

I a, a b aa . I aa

a b ( a, a 1223 a

aa, a a a b a a a

a), aab a a aa aaba a . T aa

a a aa a b.

Daa aa a aa, a aa aa,

( ) , . T aaba

b a a a a b, aa a

. T a a a a aa aab a

a a aa aa a ( a, a a a

(OPV2) a a a OPV1).

5.2. Data entryD b aaab aa , a aa

a a b aa . W b , a b a

a b a a aa a a , a

a a a a . Daa a a a aa

a, a b a a a .

Ea aa a b a a a ID b a

ba a b aa a a a a aa . T


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aa , a a aa b a aa a,

a a a ( 5.3).

O a aa , aa aa aa a,

a a a a a a a a a

a a. O a b a b a a a a a a a b a

a aa a

a. T aa aa a a aa a , a

ba aa a. I a, a b a a aa

a aa b , a a aaab

a aa a aaa.

5.3. Clean the datasetT aa aa aa a aa a a a

aab aa. T aa a , a aab a a , , b a aa . I

a b aab a b . C a a aab

a aa, a a b b aa a

a a aa.

T aa aa a a a a a , a a

. I aa aa a a a a aa, a b

a aa a . T a b a a, b a

a a aa. T a a b a a b

a a a . T a aab a

a a b a a aab a. T b

a .

5.3.1. Duplicate, missing, or conflicting data

T aa aa a a . W

b , aa aa

a aa (a, a, a ba a

a ) a .

5.3.2. Implausible or illogical responses

T a b b a ab, a a a a b b a . S a: aa a a aa a

b a b a a a , a aa

a b a a a a , a a

a a a a a a a a ba

a a. T aa aa a ab a a

a.


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T aa aa a ab a . C a a ,

a aa a, a a a b aa

. I a a a a , b

b . W b a a b ( a, a a a

Jaa, a), a a b , b

a a a a b

b. T a b , a, a , a

a . I a ab a a ab a, a a

bab a a a .

5.3.3. Skip patterns

S a a, a a a

a . F a, ba a, a

aa a a a a a aa a a,

ab BCG, OPV, . W aa a a a

, a a a , a aaa. B aaa a , a a

a , a a a a.

Daa a aa a b. I a

a b b aa a a , a

a a.

5.4. Merge datasets and construct derived variablesA aa a a a

a a aab, a b aa a aa a.

T aa ba a, a b a b aa

aa aa.

5.4.1. Merge datasets

A aa a b , a, a , a b a

aa . Daa a b a

aa a a a a, a aa a b

a aa aa. P a a b aa a

.

5.4.2. Construct derived variablesT aa aa a , aab a a

ab a a aa . T aab a ab

aa a a a a a. Tab

aa A Q. D aab a aab a .

A aab b a ba a a

a a a a a a aa . D aab


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65

a , a b b, a a b (a) a

(a ), (b) OR ba . T a

aab b a a aa a a a.

I aa a, a

aa ( a, O, a : I , ?), ab a aa a a. T

a b a a, a a b a a aa

aab.

T aa aab aa a a

. I a a a aa (

a, a a a ), b a aab

a a b .

D

T aa a aa a a ( , a , b

a 1, .). I b a aab a a

a ab.

O aab a 1 a, a

0 , a a a a b a

aab . S a aa a aab ,

a a/ ba ( a, BCG, OPV0, OPV1, OPV2, OPV3, DTPCV1, DTPCV2, DTPCV3,

MCV, .):

_DTPCV3_b_a _DTPCV3_b_

_DTPCV3_b_

_DTPCV3_b_a_

__DTPCV3

_a_DTPCV3

_DTPCV3_b_12

_DTPCV3___a ( a a a a

a; a a b a b a, ,

a ).

S aa a aa a a (a, ,

), b a a , a b a

a a . I a a aa a

, aa a a a

a . I b a a , a

aab a a a aa a a (

b a 12 ).


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A b a (a, )

a a, a aa aa

/

:

1.

I a a : I b ba (a) a a aba () a aaab a

aa ( a aa a/) a

, a a/ . I a a/

, aa a aa

a/, a ba aa.

I a a aaab b a a a a ,

aa a a a a.

I a aaab b a a a a , aa

a a a a .

I a aaab a a a a a ,

aa a a ba b aa.

2.

I a a :

I a a aaab, aa a a a a.

I a aaab b a a a a , aa

a a a a .

I a aaab a a a a a ,

aa a a ba b aa.

3.

I a a :

I a a aaab, aa a a a a.

I a aaab, aa a a ba b

aa.

5.5. Generate a codebookW aa a a, a b (a a a ). T

aa aa a aa a a a ab a. A

b :

. B b aa, a a a , a a a aa b , a

a b a a a .

L . A , aab a a ab a a

a.


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F D . Sa a aab aa, aab a, ab,

, a , a a aab a a:

o F aa aab: a ab aa a, a ab, a a

b a ba a a a a aa.

o F aab: a aa a , a, a, a,

aa a, aa , a b ba a a , a

a a ( a, R, D K, Qa I S

Aa).

o F a: a a a a a aa ( ).

o F : b a aab a b

a , a ba a aa

( a aa a ).

. I a a b aa,

a b a a aa . T aa a a

a , aa, a a aa a a a

a b, a a a a ba a ab

aaa .

. T a b a a ab aa,

a a aa a a, ba aa , a

aa aab, b a aab, a a a

b aab, a aa a aa a .


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6.Tabulation and analysis

T a b aa a a aa a aa, a ab

a a . T WHO a a

a 2015, aa aa a a a ab a a.

I a aa, ab , a a a a a ,

a a b aa a, a a

aa b a aa.

I a, aa a a a a aa a a b

a. N a a bab a a a aa a a

a , aa a

aa. T, aa a aa a a,

a, b. T a b aa a a aaa a . Aa a Saa, R, E I, SAS

SPSS.

T b a a a a, a a, a

a. H aa a a aa? D

Ta aa ? Wa a

aa a ? Wa aa a a a

? T b a a . A, a

a a a aa b a, a . T

b a aaab a a a a , aa b a a a a a .

Ba aa aa b

, aa a a a aa, a

a . I

aa a a a a ID, ID, ID,

a aa, b a.

Aa aa aa a a , ba a b

a a aa EPI a aa a. I a,

a aa b a a a a

aa aa a aa . E a aa a b ,

aa , a a , a a aa a a a baa

a aa a a a a a a b.


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6.1. Conduct descriptive analyses to characterise the sample and

assess its quality

6.1.1. Describe the sample

U a ab a Tab 3 b a aa a a

a a a a a. I a a a,

ba/a aa, ab a a a a

( a aa a, a aaab a, b, a aa).

T a a b aa a a a. I a

b a ab b a a

aa ( a, a a ).

3.

Uba Ra Ta

Ta a ( a) ( ) ( ) ( )H a a b a

A a b

A a ba b11

H a

Nb b a (b a , aab) ( ) ( ) ( )

Nb a aa a ba ( ) ( ) ( )

Nb a a aaab:

- Caa aaab

- R

- O

S

:

- Ma

- Fa

N: Nb a b , ba a a a

a, a .

6.1.2. Summarize coverage data graphically

A a a a a ba a a a ,

a a ba a , a ba

b aa. T a

ba a , a ba a , ,

a. S F 4 a F 5. T a

a a a , a a a a. WHO a aab a a .

11T a b a b a ,

a .


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70

F 3.

F 4. , 50%

ICC: Ia a


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71

T a a a . I a

aa, a b a. I aa, b . W ba

a a , a a

a a a a. A aab ba

a a, a aa aab a

aa a a.

T aab ba a a a a a (ICC) a a

(DEFF). A a a a a a 1. I

a 100% a a a a 0% a, a

a b a. O a a a a b 1

a aa b .

F 5. IA

CVG = a a; ICC = a a

C a a a a a a . T a b

a ab a a, a a a . I

aa b a ab , a a b a b

a a a aa .


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6.1.3. Identify clusters with alarmingly few vaccinated respondents

I a, a , ba a

a ba a a a a a a a a. A a

a a, a a a a a a a

baa a a aa. T a a a a a a

aa a a a a a . W , ,

a a a b a a aab aa .

F a, a , a, aa SIA

( a, P B F 5), a a a b a a

a aa. I a a a aa a aa a

, b a a aa b a b

a aa. E a, a a aa. Sa,

b ab a a a a

BCG ( a a); a a a a b

a a a a a a a a a b a

aa .

T a a a a a aa

aa a. T a aa

aa aa . I , a b

aa aa a. I a b a aa

. I a, , b b a

a a a aa a, b

a aaab. T a aab a .

H aa a a, b , a a b :

1.

F a a/ , aa

aa. L a, b a a, b , a

b aa, b ba a a,

, a aa .

2.

I a aa a aa, aba a b

a a aa a a a.

A a a a a a

a a . A aba a a aa . T

aa a a a ; a

b a ab a a aaa a

a b.

3.

W aab, a a , b a a

ba, a a aa .

T aa b a , a a

a a .


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6.2. Calculate weights for analysisEa b aa b , aa b a

aa b a. W a aa , a a a

a a a b a b a. T

aa aa a

a . Ia, a a a a

.

T a a bab a a

aa ( A J):

I a a a, b a,

a b bab a a

. T bab aa b PPES a.

I a a a, a a bab a a

bab a a , a a.

A a b a aa a b a

a. T a a b a a a a ,

a a a , a a a

b a a b aa

Documents

Vaccination Coverage Cluster Survey