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àH$meH$: lrdëb^mMm`©Q´>ñQ>, ‘m§S>dr-H$ÀN>

àH$meH$:lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ>, H§$gmam ~Oma, ‘m§S>dr,

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boIH$:Jmoñdm‘r lrí`m‘‘ZmohaOr({H$eZJT>-nmbm©)

gånmXH$:Jmoñdm‘r eaX² (‘m§S>dr-H$ÀN>)

àW‘ g§ñH$aU: {d.g§. 2063 à{V:1000

A‘yë`

Copyright: 2006Shri Vallabhacharya Trust, Kansara Bazar,

Mandavi-Kutch, Gujarat,370 465,India.

‘wÐH$:lrdëb^ ~wH$ ‘oÝ w’o$ŠM[a¨J² H§$., Ah‘Xm~mX, JwOamV.

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lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ>, ‘m§S>dr-H$ÀN>

go{‘Zma: Am`mo{OV:

1. eãXIÊS>r`m {dÛËn[aMMm©, Jm§YrZJa-JwOamV2. H$m ©H$maU^md{dMma, dS>moXam-JwOamV3. AÝ`»`m{VdmXr`m {dÛËg“moð>r, nwUo4. àË`jà‘mU g“moð>r, nwUo5. dmVm©n[aMMm©, hmbmob-JwOamV6. A{YH$man[aMMm©, hmbmob-JwOamV7. nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJu` gmYZmàUmbr, ‘wå~8. ""H$Wm`m§ dm''/JwUJmZ gmYZm, ‘wå~9. World Philosophy Conference, Delhi (Cosponsored with

Indian Philosophical Congress)

10.International Conference on World Peace,

Ahmedabad (Cosponsored with Uni. of Gujarat)

11.AÝYH$madmX {dÛËn[aMMm©, nwUo12.eaUmJ{V, ‘wå~13.godm-g‘n©U, ‘wå~Am`moÁ`: nw{ï>^pŠVgmYZm‘| à{V~ÝY

AmMm`©d§eOm|Ho${b`o AÜ``ZgÌ1. VH$m©‘¥V‘²-Ý`m`{gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr 2. doXmÝVgma

J«ÝWàH$meZ:J«ÝW àH$meZghm`1. àdo{eH$m (JwO.) 102. àdo{eH$m (A§J«oOr) {Z:ewëH$3. à‘o aËZg§J«h (JwO.)4. eãXIÊS>r`m {dÛËn[aMMm© (g§ñH¥$V-{hÝXr-A§J«oOr) 2005. AÝ`»`m{VdmXr` {dÛËg“moð>r (g§ñH¥$V-{hÝXr-A§J«oOr) 1506. VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmÝVJ©V emómW©àH$aU‘²(d«O^mfmQ>rH$m) gmYmaUg§ñH$aU/amOg§ñH$aU 50/707. VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmÝVJ©V gd©{ZU© àH$aU‘²(d«O^mfmQ>rH$m)gmYmaUg§ñH$aU/amOg§ñH$aU 80/1008. dmVm©n[aMMm© 159. nw{ï>{dYmZ‘²-1 (nmR>mdbr, d«O^mfm) Aàmß`10.nw{ï>{dYmZ‘²-1 (nmR>mdbr, JwO.) 2511.nw{ï>{dYmZ‘²-2 (ì`mH$aU‘²) 10012.nw{ï>{dYmZ‘²-3 (d«O^mfm{dd¥{V) 5013.A{YH$man[aMMm© (JwO.-{hÝXr-d«O) 10014.lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU (JwO©a^mfmZwdmX) 30015.Manual of the Devotional Path of Pushti 65

16.godm Am¡a d«Obrbm (d«O^mfm) Aàmß`17.lrJmonrZmWà^wMaU(JwO.-{hÝXr) 2518.Computer CD, www.pushtimarg.net 50

19.gmYZmàUmbr(JwO.-{hÝXr-A§J«oOr) 5020.nw{ï>àdmh‘`m©Xm oX (JwO.-{hÝXr) {Z:ewëH$21.agÑ{ï>Zr Va’o$U‘m§ (JwO.) {Z:ewëH$22.H$m ©H$maU^md‘r‘m§gm {dÛËg“moð>r(g§ñH¥$V-{hÝXr-A§J«oOr) 200

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23.nw{ï>àdoe-1(JwOamVr) 1024.nw{ï>{dYmZ‘² nmXmZwH«$‘{UH$m 1025.eaUmJ{V {dMmaJmoð>r EH$ nyaH$ àíZmoÎmar {Z:ewëH$26.Summary of Suddhadvaita Vangmaya 15

27.godm AZo d«Obrbm (JwOamVr) {Z:ewëH$28.{ddoH$Ì`‘² (g§ñH¥$V) 1029.nw{ï>^pŠV‘| H$WmgmYZm, g“moð>r 5030.nwéfmoÎm‘ghòZm‘-{Ì{dYbrbmZm‘mdbr(JwO©amZwdmX) 2031.dmëb^doXmÝV {Z~ÝYg§J«h ({hÝXr) {Z…ewëH$

gh`moJ àH$meZlr^mJdVgw~mo{YZr JwO©a^mfmZwdmX

AZwdmXH$:Jmo.dm.lrZmZwbmb Jm§Yr( o nwñVH|$ goQ²>‘|hr Xr Om |Jr)1.Xe‘ñH$ÝY OÝ‘ àH$aU2.Xe‘ñH$ÝY Vm‘g à‘mU àH$aU3.Xe‘ñH$ÝY Vm‘g à‘o àH$aU4.Xe‘ñH$ÝY Vm‘g gmYZ àH$aU5.Xe‘ñH$ÝY Vm‘g ’$b àH$aU6.Xe‘ñH$ÝY amOg à‘mU àH$aU7.Xe‘ñH$ÝY amOg à‘o àH$aU8.Xe‘ñH$ÝY amOg gmYZ àH$aU9.Xe‘ñH$ÝY amOg ’$b àH$aU10.Xe‘ñH$ÝY gmpËdH$ à‘o -gmYZ-’$b àH$aU11.Xe‘ñH$ÝY JwU àH$aU12.EH$mXeñH$ÝY AZwnbãY13.V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY A.1-8 AZwnbãY

14.V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY A.9-19 AZwnbãY15.V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY A.20-g‘mpßV n ©ÝV AZwnbãY16.{ÛVr`ñH$ÝY AZwnbãY17.lrJwgm§Or {da{MV Xe‘ñH$ÝY {Q>ßnUr18.Srimad Vallabhacarya, His Philosopohy

and Life, Prof.J.G.Shah 100

19.Srimad Vallabhacarya, His Philosopohy

and Religion, Prof.J.G. Shah 300

20.Sri Vallabhacarya and His Teachings,

Dr.Chimanlal Vaidya 100

21.Doctrines of Vallabhacharya,

Ishverbhai S. Amin 100

Jmoembmg§ñH¥$V ‘mÜ`‘go AÜ``Z H$aVo {dÚmWuAm|Ho${b o N>mÌmb`

g§MmbZ:lrdëb^mMm © d«Og§ñH¥${V {dH$mg Q´>ñQ> g{‘{V, JmoHw$bN>mÌd¥{ÎmhñVàVg§J«h-g§ajU; nwñVH$mb``mdËàmß` gmåàXm{`H$ íbmoH$m|H$s nmXmZwH«$‘{UH$mDigitalization of the manuscripts

Catalogus Catalogorum of the manuscripts ofSuddhadvaita-Pustibhakti-Sampradaya.

Encyclopedic CD ROM comprising of entire original Sanskritwritings of Acharyas along with Vraj, Hindi, Gujarati &English literature written on the base of such writings.

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àH$meH$s` àñVwV J«ÝW ""dmëb^doXmÝV {Z~ÝYg§J«h'' Jmoñdm‘r lrí`m‘ ‘ZmohaOr

({H$eZJT>-nmbm©) Ûmam {bpIV Y‘©-Xe©Z {df`H$ H${Vn` à‘wI {Z~ÝYm|H$mg§J«h h¡. Y‘©-Xe©ZHo$ gw{dk Ed§ {Okmgw nmR>H$m|Ho${b o Bg J«ÝWH$mo àH$m{eVH$aZoH$m gwAdga lrdëb^mMm`© Q´>ñQ>(‘m§S>dr-H$ÀN>) H$mo àmßV hþdm `hQ´>ñQ>H$m na‘ gm¡ m½` h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$s ^y{‘H$m {bIZoH$m àñVmd na‘ñZohr {dÛÛ`© g‘mXaUr`lrnmagZmW {ÛdoXrOr (dmamUgr) Ho$ gm‘Zo aIZo na Z Ho$db AmnZo Cgo ghf©ñdrH$ma {b`m A{nVw AñdñW hmoVo hþdo ^r {dX²dÁOZmo{MV y{‘H$m {bIH$aCgo erK« CnbãY ^r H$adm {X`m. EVXW© h‘ AmnHo$ öX`go Am^mar h¢.

npÊS>Vàda lrnmagZmWOr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^mgånÝZ h¢. Ho$dbmÛ¡V doXmÝVgåàXm`‘| AmnH$s AZÝ` {Zð>m Am¡a A{YH$ma h¡ Omo {H$ {Z~ÝYboIH$Ho$ ÛmamVÎmpÝZ~ÝYm|‘| àg“monmÎm {H$ o J o Ho$dbmÛ¡V ‘VHo$ {d‘e©Ho$ J«ÝWH$s y{‘H$m‘|AmnHo$Ûmam {H$ o J o g‘mYmZHo$ à`mggo àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. EVX²dmam VÎd~moYmW©Amdí`H$ dmXH$s ""dmXo-dmXo Om`Vo VÎd~moY…'' Bg emór` naånamH$m hrñVwË` AZwgaU {Z~ÝYboIH$s hr Vah AmnZo r {H$`m h¡. AmpñVH$ em“adoXmÝVm{XXe©Zm|Ho$ A{V[aŠV O¡Z-~m¡Õ Am{X ZmpñVH$ Xe©Zm|Ho$ ^r Amn Am{YH$m[aH$kmVm h¢ `h lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ> Ûmam g‘m`mo{OV {dÛËg“mo{ð>Am|‘| AmnHo$ÛmamàñVwV hþdo {d{^ÝZ {Z~ÝYm|go Am¡a Cg‘| JhZ Xme©{ZH$ {df`m| na hþB© MMm©‘|AmnH$s gH«$s` gh^m{JVmgo kmV hmoVm h¡. Amn gåà{V gånyUm©ZÝX g§ñH¥$V{díd{dÚmb`, dmamUgr‘| emómÜ`mnZaV h¢. Amn Bgr Vah AnZo kmZH$mbm^ {Okmgw g‘mOH$mo {ZaÝVa XoVo ah| Eogr ew H$m‘ZmHo$ gmW AmnHo$ à{V h‘nwZ… H¥$VkVm àH$Q> H$aVo h¢.

lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ> Ûmam nyd©àH$m{eV lr^mJdV, nw{ï>{dYmZ‘² Am{X AZoH$J«ÝWm|Ho$ AmdaU {MÌm|H$s hr Vah Bg J«ÝWH$m ^r AmdaU{MÌ V¡ ma H$aZodmbolr{H$aU R>ŠH$aH$m gh`moJ ^r `hm§ Adí` ñ‘aUr` ~ZVm h¡.

AÝV‘| gmåàXm{`H$ Ed§ BVa ^r Y‘©-Xe©ZHo$ {Okmgw nmR>H$ Bg J«ÝWgoAdí` hr bm^mpÝdV hm|Jo Eogo {dídmgHo$ gmW {Z~ÝYboIH$Ho$ OÝ‘{Xdg naBg J«ÝWnwînH$mo AmnHo$ H$aH$‘bm|‘| g‘{n©V H$aVo hþdo...

lrdëb^mMm © Q´>ñQ> ÛmameaX² Jmoñdm‘r

AmfmT> H¥$îU 6dëb^mãX 528, {d.g§.2063

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""dmŠ § dŠV ©YrZ§ {h'' Bg ‘hm^mî` dMZHo$ AZwgma H¥${V H¥${VH$maHo$AYrZ hmoVr h¡. à‘mUà‘o OmV à‘mVmHo$ AYrZ hmoVm h¡. {H$gr ^r H¥${V‘|H¥${VH$ma boIH$H$s AmË‘m gpÝZ{hV ahVr h¡. CgH$m d¡{eï²>ç ì`pŠVËd Cg‘|ì`ŠV ahVm h¡. AV: {Z~ÝY aMZmH$maHo$ ì`pŠVËd d¡{eîQ>ç d¡Xwî` H$s MMm©AË`mdí`H$ h¡. O¡gm H$s JmopîR> m|‘| CZHo$ gmW gmYmaU dmVm©bmn, emñÌr`JyT>MMm©Am{Xgo VWm CZH$s CËH¥$îQ> H¥${V`m|Ho$ AÜ``Zgo àVrV hþAm h¡ Cgo ‘¢ Adí`ì`ŠV H$é§Jm, AÝ`Wm ""JwUm{YHo$ dñVw{Z ‘m¡{ZVm'' ê$n XmofH$m ^mJr ~ZyJm§.

lrJmoñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO gË` ‘¥Xw gab emñÌmZwàm{UV dMZHo$ àdŠVm h¢.CZ‘ | gmåàXm{`H$ Ah§H$ma ànÄM Am{X boe ‘mÌ ^r Zht h ¡.ñddoXmÝV{damo{Y‘Vdm{X`m|Ho$ {ZamH$aU ^mfm‘| ^r ‘¡Ìr^md PbH$Vm ahVm h¡.g^r emñÌm|Ho$ AdJmhZOÝ` `WmW©kmZ ^ÊS>maH$mo àmßV H$a ^r do ghgm àH$Q>Zht hmoZo XoVo h¢. {dÚm-{dZ` CZH$m yfU h¡. o g^r JwUJU CZH$s H¥${VHo$AÜ``Z Ed§ CZHo$ gH¥$V² g‘mJ‘go ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡.

o boIZ, ^mfU, {MÝVZ, nmR>Z, ì`m»`mZ Am{X g^r {dÚmAmo‘| A{VHw$eb h¡. BZH$s ZdZdmoÝ‘ofem{bZr à{V^m {dbjU h¡. BpÝÐ`m|H$s AZwJ«m{hH$m~w{Õ, emñÌ‘hmå~w{Y‘| VbmÝV à{dîQ> h¡. {hÝXr, A§J«oOr, g§ñH¥$V, JwOamVr^mfm‘| Amn boIZ, ^mfU Am{X‘| H$m¡eb àmßV h¢. BZH$m {XJÝV {dlmÝV`emoam{e AË`ÝV {d‘b h¡. o {ZîH$bL²H$ nyU© MÝÐH$s Vah gXm àH$m{eVahVo h¢.

{deofV: dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ àm‘m{UH$ A{YH$mar, kmVm, dŠVm, ì`m»`mVmh¢. {H$gr {df`H$s ‘r‘m§gm Ed§ {ddoMZ ‘| àmMrZ Amf©nÕ{VHo$ gmW AmYw{ZH$d¡km{ZH$ ‘Var{VH$mo ^r AnZmVo h¢ VWm g‘Ýd` H$aVo h¢.

gd©Xe©Z{dkmZ nma§JV hmoZo na ^r dmëb^doXmÝV‘| ‘hVr {ZîR>m h¡.gd©ñdê$n gd©Ì ì`mßV Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdepŠV‘V² na~«÷ lrH¥$îU‘| AJmY^pŠVh¡. g§gmago {daŠV ñdmÜ`m`àdMZ‘|, J«ÝWàU`Z Am{X‘| Ah{Z©e g§b½Z{MÎmh¢ VWm H$éUm ‘¡Ìr ‘w{XVm Cnojm d¥{Îmgo ahVo h¢. ‘¢ CZHo$ MaUmo‘| eVe: Z‘ZH$aVm hÿ§. CZHo$ JwU AZÝV h¢. `h Vmo ñdën {ZXe©Z‘mÌ h¡.

H¥${V`m§: AmnH$s H¥${V`m§ AZoH$ h¢. {Z~ÝY {OZH$m g§J«h àñVwV h¡.

1.gw~mo{YZr: lr‘X² mJdVV na lr‘XmMm ©H¥$V ì`m»`mHo$ AZoH$ mJ àH$m{eVh¢. BZ na AmnH$m ‘hËdnyU© àm‘m{UH$ {df`ñ’$moaH$ gånmXH$s` boI eVmoÎman¥îR>‘| àH$m{eV h¡.

2.àñWmZaËZmH$a: Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU {da{MV Bg J«ÝW na eVmoÎman¥îR>‘| gånmXH$s` boI J«ÝWgmag§J«hHo$ ê$n‘| àH$m{eV h¡. Bg‘|dmëb^{gÕmÝVm|H$mo {hÝXr‘| AdJV H$am`m J`m h¡. nmR>^oX {Q>ßnUrhñV{bpIVÀN>m`m Am{Xgo {d y{fV {H$`m J`m h¡.

3.AdVmadmXmdbr: Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU {da{MV `h J«ÝW Xmo ^mJ‘|àH$m{eV h¡. Bg na AmnH$m nÄMmeXwÎma n¥îR>H$m gmag§J«h gånmXH$s` boIàH$m{eV h¡.

4.VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY: lrdëb^mMm © {da{MV Bg J«ÝWna ‘hËdnyU© gånmXH$boI àH$m{eV h¡.

5.lr~mbH¥$îUJ«ÝWmdbr: bmby^Q²>Q>monZm‘ lr~mbH¥$îU^Q²>Q> {da{MV BgJ«ÝW na gånmXH$s` boI, dëb^doXmÝV {gÕmÝV, nmR> oX Am{X ‘hËdnyU©{df`{d y{fV Am‘wI àH$m{eV h¡.

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6.doXmÝV{YH$aU‘mbm ^mdàH$m{eH$m gyÌd¥{Îm: Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU{da{MV Bg J«ÝW na àmH²$H$WZHo$ ê$n‘| lrnwéfmoÎm‘ H¥${V d¡{eîQ>ç Ed§AUw mî`Ho$ AÜ`m`mZwgma {df`g§J«mhH$ CËH¥$îQ> AmboI àH$m{eV h¡.

7.àñWmZaËZmH$a eãXIÊS>r` {dÛV² MMm©: Bg J«ÝW‘| {dÛV² n[ag§dmX‘|AmnH$m CX²KmQ>Z dŠVì` XoIZo bm`H$ h¡. Bgr J«ÝW‘| S>m°. lràXrn à.JmoIboHo$ {Z~ÝYH$s MMm© H$s J`r h¡. n¥. 567 go Cg {Z~ÝY‘| ewÕmÛ¡V na H$sJ`r Amn{Îm`m|H$m à‘m{UH$ {ZamH$aU AmnZo {H$`m h¡. ÐîQ>ì` h¡.

8.AÝ`»`m{VdmXr`m {dÛV² JmoîR>r: Omo àH$m{eV h¡ ‘| AmnH$m »`m{VdmXMMm©‘| ‘hËdnyU© {dMmamË‘H$ boI àH$m{eV h¡ Omo Adí`‘od nR>Zr` h¡. `hVËgå~Õ{df` àH$meH$ bJ^J 30 n¥îR>H$m à~ÝY h¡. VWm Bgr n[ag§dmX‘|AmnH$m ""npíM‘r Xe©Z‘| ^«mpÝV{dMmaH$s ê$na oIm'' erf ©H$ Om odmëb^doXmÝVmZwgmar {d‘em©Ë‘H$ h¡, {dñV¥V {Z~ÝY àH$m{eV h¡. Bg‘| nmíMmË`{dÛmZm|Ho$ ‘V‘| «‘kmZ gå~ÝYr {dMma {H$`m J`m h¡. `h {dÛÁOZ ÐîQ>ì` h¡.

9.lrnwafmoÎm‘à{VîR>màH$ma: Jmoñdm‘r lr{dQ²>R>bZmWà^wMaU {da{MV BgJ«ÝWH$s y{‘H$m, g§ñH¥$V ì`m»`m Ed§ CgH$m {dñV¥V {hÝXr ^mdmZwdmX AmnZo{bIm h¡. `h J«ÝW dëb^ Y‘©-Xe©Z‘| A{V‘hËdnyU© h¡. `h ì`m»`m AmnZog§ñH¥$V‘| {bIr h¡. BZH$m g§ñH¥$V ^mfm‘| boI {hÝXr à~ÝYm|go ^r CËH¥$îQ> hmoVmh¡. nyU© àm¡T> emñÌr` g§ñH¥$V‘|, CËH¥$îQ> e¡br‘| Bg J«ÝWH$s ì`m»`m H$s J`rh¡. gmW hr dëb^doXmÝVHo$ {gÕmÝVm|H$s ^r ì`m»`m ñWmZ-ñWmZ na H$s J`rh¡. H$ht-H$ht Ho$dbmÛ¡V Xe©Z‘| AZwnn{Îm`m§ r àX{e©V H$s J`r h¢.

10.lr‘X² mJdV² Xe‘ñH$ÝY gw~mo{YZr nÄM‘ Vm‘g’$bàH$aU‘² J«ÝW‘|AmMm ©lrH$m gånmXH$s` dmŠ`Ho$ A{V[aŠV Vm‘g ’$b àH$aUr` brbmAm|H$moAm¡n{ZfX²gÝX © Zm‘go bJ^J 170 n¥îR>H$m ‘hËdnyU© {dÛVmnyU© y{‘H$mê$n‘| à~ÝY àH$m{eV h¡. {Og‘| dmëb^ Xe©ZHo$ AZoH$ nhbwAm|H$mo Cn{ZfX²

Ed§ ~«÷gyÌHo$ A{YH$aUm|Ûmam ñnîQ> {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg à~ÝY‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mAJmY nmpÊS>Ë` XoIZoH$mo {‘bVm h¡.

Bg Vah BZH$s AZoH$ H¥${V`m§ à{gÕ h¢. BZ H¥${V`m|go BZH$m d¡Xwî`emñÌm|‘| VbmÝV àdoe, VËd{ZîR>m, emñÌ{ZîUmVVm, emñÌmW© VmËn`m©dYmaUe¡brCËH¥$îQ> ê$ngo n[ab{jV hmoVr h¡. {dÛÁOZm|‘| BZH$s CËH¥$îQ> H¥${V`m|H$m A{Ve`g‘mXa h¡. Z Ho$db dmëb^ doXmÝVHo${bE A{nVw g‘ñV bmoH$Ho${bE o H¥${V`m§emaXd¡ d {dñVma nyd©H$ Cn`moJr h¢. CZHo$ OrdZd¥Îm Ed§ H¥${V`m| H$m {ddaUàñVwV h¡ {Oggo CZHo$ ì`pŠVËd Ed§ d¡{eîQ>ç àH$m{eV hmoVm h¡.

OrdZd¥Îm: H¥$îU`Owd}XmÝVJ©V V¡{Îmar`emImÜ`m`r ^maÛmOJmoÌr` V¡b§JXoer` doëbZmSw>Iå^ånmQ>r ewÕmÛ¡Vnw{ï>‘mJ©àdV©H$ ‘hmà w lr‘X²dëb^mMm © (OÝ‘:{d.g§.1535)Ho$ d§eOm|Ho$ J¥h:àW‘/7‘| 16dt nr‹T>r.

{nVm‘h: Jmoñdm‘r lrJmoHw$bZmWOr ‘hmamO (OÝ‘:MmonmgZr(OmoYnwa-amOñWmZ). Jmoñdm‘rlrOrdZbmbOr (àW‘/6:‘w§~B©) ‘hmamOHo$ XÎmH$nwÌV`m JmoX Am o. JmXr:‘moQ>rhdobr, wboída, ‘w§~B©).

{nVm: Jmoñdm‘r lrXr{jVOr/lr{dÆ>bZmWOr ‘hmamO (gmV ^mB©+EH$ ~hZHo$ ~rM{ÛVr`. OÝ‘:‘w§~B©. Jmoñdm‘r lrOrdZbmbOr (àW‘/7:H$moQ>m) ‘hmamOlrHo$nËZrÛmam JmoX {b o J o. JmXr:{H$eZJ‹T>-amOñWmZ).

nwÌ: Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha (Mma ~hZ+Xmo ^mB©Am|Ho$ ~rM V¥Vr`).

12 13

OÝ‘{V{W-OÝ‘ñWmZ:26 OyZ, 1940-‘w§~B©.

ghY‘©Mm[aUr:PmbmdmS>{Zdmgr "H${dqH$H$amo'nZm‘ lr{J[aYmar ^Q²>Q>H$s AmË‘Om

lr‘Vr bú‘r Jmoñdm‘r.

{dÚmJwédJ©:(1)lrMÝÐeoIaOr MVwd}Xr J{UVÁ`mo{Vf

(2)lrH$‘bmn{VOrnÄMVÝÌ-bKwH$m¡‘wXrädm{XJUn ©ÝV

(3)lr~mbH¥$îUemórdoX

(4)Jmoñdm‘r lrXr{jVOr ‘hmamOdmëb^ Y‘©-Xe©Z VWm ~«÷gyÌem§H$a^mî`

(5)lrH¥$îU‘mYd PmH$mì`-ì`mH$aU-Ý`m`

(6)lrQ>r.dr.Eg.Xr{jVmaOrN>mÝXmo½`-~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfÀN>m§H$a^mî`

(7)lrY‘©Xod OoQ>brgm§»`-Ý`m`-em§H$adoXmÝV-‘r‘m§gm

(8)lrgw~«÷Ê` emór ^mÅ>Xr{nH$m arS>a BZ ‘r‘m§gm ~Zmag {hÝXw {díd{dÚmb`

àd¥{Îm:dmëb^ Y‘© VWm Xe©Z Ho$ J«ÝWm|H$m gånmXZ àH$meZ {dVaU AÜ``Z

AÜ`mnZ Ed§ àdMZ.

CnbpãY:1.gì`m»`fmoS>eJ«ÝWVrZ ^mJm|‘

2.gì`m»`fS²>J«ÝWm…EH$ ^mJ‘|

3.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYVrZ ^mJm|‘

4.àH$meapí‘g{hV ~«÷gyÌmUw mî`nm§M ^mJm|‘|

5.lr‘X² mJdVgw~mo{YZr1, 4-8 IÊS> àH$m{eV

6.doXmÝVm{YH$aU‘mbm-^mdàH$m{eH$mEH$ ^mJ‘|

7.{d{dY{ddaUmonoV nÌmdbå~Z‘²EH$ ^mJ‘|8.àñWmZaËZmH$aEH$ ^mJ‘|

9.{dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z‘²EH$ ^mJ‘

10.lr~mbH¥$îUJ«ÝWmdbrEH$ ^mJ‘|11.AdVmadmXmdbr {ÛVr` IÊS> àH$m{eV

12.lrnwéfmoÎm‘à{Vð>màH$ma…EH$ ^mJ‘|13.nw{ï>{dYmZ‘²JwOamVr, d«O VWm g§ñH¥$V g§ñH$aU

14.gì`m»`lrgdm}Îm‘ñVmoÌ‘² -Am{X J«ÝWm|H$m gånmXZ-àH$meZ. BZHo$ Abmdm g§ñH¥$V {hÝXr JwOamVr

A§J«oµOr ‘| àH$m{eV bKw{Z~ÝY àdMZ àíZmoÎmar boI Am{X.

1.ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a brbmdmX Ho$ gÝX ©‘| ì`pŠVñdmVÝÌH$s ‘r‘m§gm: àñVwV à~ÝY‘| {dÛmZ² boIH$Zo ewÕmÛ¡VdmX na ñd § nwéfmW©hrZVm AH$‘©Ê`Vm

VWm kmZoÀN>mà`ËZ nmaVÝË` Am{X Am{jßV Xmofm|H$m {Zamg {H$`m h¡. ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| JdÀN>aUmJ{V na‘nwéfmW© h¡. dh lr^JdXZwJ«h¡H$bä` h¡. JdXZwJ«hmÝ`gmYZbä` Zht h¡. lrh[a hr g‘ñV ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ H$Vm© H$ma{`Vm h¢. `h g^r~«÷mÊS> ^Jdëbrbm h¡. brbm {H«$S>m-a‘U h¡. gË` h¡. lrh[a Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdê$n ñdm{^ÝZ epŠVÛmam ñd`‘od {d{dY ~«÷mÊS>mÝVJ©V OS>-MoVZnXmWm]Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. VWm ñdoÀN>`m {Vamo{hV hmoVo h¢. `h CZH$s brbmh¡. `h ^Jdëbrbm ^ŠVOZm|Ho${bE {Ì{dY Vmn ‘moMZ hoVw h¡.

lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m Ame` h¡-~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{Îm MoVZ ~«÷go Z ‘mZH$a{H$gr àYmZm{X OS>go ‘mZr Om` V~ ^r ì`pŠV ñdmVÝË` Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡.OS>dmX‘| AZdñWmXmof ^r h¡. H$m © H$maUmYrZ hr hmoVm h¡. ñdVÝÌ Zht hmoVmh¡. ì`pŠVHo$ kmZoÀN>mà`ËZ H$m © h¢, Vmo dh ñdVÝÌ Zht hmo gH$Vm. OS>mYrZH$m © hmoZo na AZoH$ Xmof h¢. VWm H$m ©H$m ñdmVÝË` ^r Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡.lw{Vñ‘¥Vr{Vhmg {gÕ MoVZ ~«÷H$maUdmX {ZXm}f h¡, VXYrZ ì`pŠVkmZoÀN>m

14 15

~moY h¡. `hr C{MV h¡. Xmo {H$Zmam|go {Z`pÝÌV naVÝÌ ZXr Š`m ñdVÝÌ Zht h¡.^JdXrÀN>mYrZ àd{Îm©V ì`pŠV ^r ñdVÝÌ hr h¡. `{X ì`pŠV {Za§Hw$e ñdVÝÌhmo `m OS>mYrZ hmo Vmo A{Z‘m}jmn{Îm ^r hmoJr.

g‘ñV ~«÷mÊS> ñd^mdV: H$mbV: `ÑÀN>mV: àd¥Îm Zht h¡. A~w{Õnyd©H$^r àd¥Îm Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡. ídoVmídVa Cn{ZfX²‘|

""Am| ~«÷dm{XZmo dXpÝV qH$ H$maU§ ~«÷ Hw$V: ñ‘ OmVm Ordm‘ Ho$Z ŠdM gåà{VîR>m:, A{YîR>mVm: Ho$Z gwIoVaofw dVm©‘ho ~«÷ {dXmo ì`dñWm‘². H$mb:ñd^mdmo {Z`{V`©ÑÀN>m ^yVm{Z `mo{Z: nwéf B{V {MÝË`m, g§`moJ Efm§ ZËdmË‘^mdmXmË‘mß`{Ze: gwIXw:IhoVmo:. Vo Ü`mZ`moJmZwJVm Aní`Z² XodmË‘epŠV§ñdJwU¡{Z©JyT>m‘², `: H$maUm{Z {ZpIbm{Z Vm{Z H$mbmË‘ wŠVmÝ`{Y{VîR>Ë oH$:''(1&1-3). ""‘m`m§ Vw àH¥$qV {dÚmZ² ‘m{`Z§ Vw ‘hoída‘²'' (4&10). ""g H$maU§H$aUm{Ynm{Ynmo Z Mmñ` H$píMÁO{ZVm Z Mm{Yn:'' (8).

-BË`m{X eVe: lw{V`m§ ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ ~«÷à^dËd‘| à‘mU h¢. A{n M""OÝ‘mÚñ` `V:'' gyÌ na g^r doXmÝVmoHo$ AmMm`m]H$m ànÄM MoVZH$V¥©H$Ëd‘|EoŠ`‘Ë` h¡. ^JdËnmX lreL²H$amMm © ñnîQ> eãXm|‘| H$hVo h¢ ""Añ` OJVmoZm‘ê$nmä`m § ì`mH ¥ $Vñ` AZ oH$H$V ¥ ©^m oŠV ¥g §` wŠVñ`à{V{Z`VXoeH$mb{Z{‘Îm{H«$`m’$bmlñ` ‘Zgmß`{MÝË`aMZmê$nñ` OÝ‘pñW{V^“§`V: gd©kmV² gd©eŠVo: H$maUmV² ^d{V VX²~«÷o{V''.

AV: OS>H$maUdmX Cnn{Îm {dhrZ h¡, gXmof h¡. CgHo$ ‘mZZo na ^rì`pŠVñdmVÝË` gå^d Zht h¡. boIH$Zo H$mZyZr Z¡{VH$, Ym{‘©H$ Am¡a pŠV‘mJu`àH$maHo$ ñdmVÝË`m|H$m CëboI ^r {H$`m h¡. ì`pŠV, gm‘m{OH$-amOH$s` H$mZyZ({d{Y) naVÝÌ h¡. ñdVÝÌ hmoZo na XÊS>Zr` h¡. Zr{VV: naVÝÌ h¡. Zr{VV:ñdVÝÌì`pŠV Xmofr h¡, XÊS>Zr` h¡. ì`pŠV Y‘©V: naVÝÌ h¡ AÝ`Wm XÊS>mh© h¡.O~ BZ AdñWmAm|‘| naVÝÌ ahZogo ^r ì`pŠV‘| AH$‘©Ê` Ed§ nwéfmW©hrZVmH$mXmof Zht h¡ Vmo Š`m na‘oídamYrZ ñdmVÝË` nj‘| hr CŠV Xmof hmoJm Vñ‘mV²na‘oídamYrZ ì`pŠVñdmVÝË` hr gd©nwéfmW© gmYH$ h¡.

^Jdëbrbm: brbmHo$ gÝX ©‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ {dMma AZyR>o h¢. EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«÷H$s

brbm Û¡Vê$n‘| CZH$m àmH$Q>ç h¡ `h ""Z à`moOZdËdmV² bmoH$dÎmw brbmH¡$dë`‘²'' (~«. 2&1&32) Bg gyÌ na ‘hmà w lrdëbMm`m]Zo ñnîQ> à{Vnm{XV{H$`m h¡. a‘U EH$mH$s Zht hmo gH$Vm. a‘UoÀNw> na‘mË‘m ñdoÀN> ¡d Û¡V^mdmnÝZhþE. CZH$s {H«$S>m hr brbm h¡. CZH$s {H«$S>m hr eaU{OJ{‘fwHo${bE gmYZ h¡.ì`pŠV Vmo ^JdëbrbmYrZ h¡. dh na‘ ñdVÝÌ H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ÄMOrdì`pŠV Vmo na‘mË‘mH$m YmaU {H$`m hþAm ê$nmÝVa hr h¡.

Bg Vah lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo AnZo Bg {Z~ÝYÛmam AmjonH$m {Zamg H$aVo hþEì`pŠV ñdmVÝË`Ho$ ñdê$nH$m VWm CgH$s Cn`moJrVm Am{XH$m {dñV¥V {dMmaàñVwV {H$`m h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡V dmX‘| {d{Y-{ZfoYmË‘H$ dUm©l‘mZwgmar H$‘m]H$m Ë`mJ Zht H$hmJ`m h¡. boIH$Zo ñnîQ> eãXmo‘| H$hm h¡ ""AV: ^Jdëbrbmgo O¡go {daŠV ZhthþAm OmVm d¡go hr H$‘©go ^r CXmgrZ hmo Zht gH$Vm''.

dñVwV: Ord, CgHo$ H$‘©, VËgmYZ ^r Vmo ^JdëbrbmHo$ KQ>H$ h¢. dhbrbm ^Jd{XÀN>mYrZ h¡ Vmo ~wÕrÀN>m à`ËZ H$‘m©{Xgo wŠV Ord ^r gd©Wm^JdXYrZ h¡. ‘oar ‘{V h¡ {H$ `h ^JdV² naVÝÌVm {ZaL²Hx$eñdVÝÌVmgo bmIJwZr lo ñH$ar h¡.

2.dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma ^mfmH$m ñdê$n Am¡a H$m ©H$bmn: AnZo Bg ‘hËdnyU© {Z~ÝY‘| mfm ì`mH$aU {ZéŠV{dX² {dÛmZ² lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo

d¡Xwî`nyU© àH$mago dmëb^doXmÝVmZwgma ^mfmHo$ ñdê$n Ed§ CgHo$ H$m ©H$bmnH$s{dñV¥V ì`m»`m àñVwV H$s h¡. `h {Z~ÝY {dÛÁOZ J«mø h¡.

CnH«$‘‘| hr ewÕmÛ¡V ‘VH$mo lr‘XmMm © ‘hmà wHo$ VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY Ed§nÌmdbå~ZHo$ AmYma na CÝhtHo$ dmŠ`m|Ûmam àX{e©V {H$`m J`m h¡. gmam§e h¡

16 17

{H$-`h g‘ñV g¥pîQ> A{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ gX§e, qMXe `m AmZÝXm§eH$s {d{dY A{^ì`pŠV`m§ h¡. AX² wV H$‘m© lrh[a ñd`‘od gmYZmÝVamZnojH$Xm{MV² AmZÝXmË‘H$ Zm‘ê$nH$‘© YmaU H$a àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. H$Xm{MV² AmZÝXm§eH$mo{Vamo{hV H$a AZoH${dY Zm‘ê$nH$‘m©Ë‘H$ ànÄMê$n‘| Am{d y©V hmoVo h¢. H$Xm{MV²ñd`‘od gXmË‘Zm CnmXmZHo$ {~Zm r A{YîR>mZê$noU AZoH${dY Zm‘ê$nH$‘m]H$moàH$Q> H$aVo h¢.

gpÀMXmZÝXê$n na‘oída lrh[a EH$ag hmoZo na ^r ñdoÀN>`m AZÝV‘y{Îm©~Z OmVo h¢. OS>dJm}‘| {MXmZÝXm§e {Vamo{hV hmo OmVm h¡. Ord nXmWm}‘|AmZÝXm§e {Vamo{hV ahVm h¡. AmÝXm§ego AÝV`m©‘r ê$n àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. AV:ì`dhma‘| OS>-Ord-AÝVamË‘m BZ VrZm| ê$nmo‘| brbm àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. BË`m{XgÝX © {Z~ÝYgo hr AdJV H$aZm Mm{hE.

Bg brbm g¥pîQ>Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zm‘ê$n-g¥pîQ> h¡. BZ XmoZm|‘| nañna àH$me-àH$mí` ^md h¡. XmoZm| nañna {dbjU h¢. Zm‘g¥pîQ> gyú‘ AZÝV h¡. ê$n g¥pîQ>ñWyb em§V h¡. Zm‘ g¥pîQ> ~moYê$nm VWm ê$n g¥pîQ> OS>ê$n {dH¥${Vê$nm hmoVr h¡.dmÀ` yV ê$ng¥pîQ> VWm dmMH$ê$nm Zm‘g¥pîQ> h¡. BZ g¥pîQ>`m|Ho$ H$Vm© H$V¥©‘²-AH$Vw©‘²-AÝ`WmH$V©w§ gd©g‘W© à w h¡.

Zm‘ g¥pîQ> hr ^mfmH$m ‘yb h¡. `h nXm{X ê$nmo‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. ^mfmê$ndmUrH$m ‘yb Zm‘g¥pîQ> h¡. dh dmUr MVwYm© {d^ŠV h¡. nam, ní`ÝVr, ‘Ü`‘mAm¡a d¡Iar. BZ‘| ""Jwhm Ìr{U {Z{hVm Zo“`{V''. AWm©V² nam, ní`ÝVr Am¡a‘Ü`‘m Vmo Jwhm-earaHo$ ^rVa hr ahVr h¢ Omo `mo{JOZ doÚ h¢. MVwW© dmUrd¡IarH$mo ‘Zwî` ~mobVo h¢.

""MËdm[a dmH²$ n[a{‘Vm nXm{Z, Vm{Z {dXw~«m©÷Um o‘Zr{fU:, JwhmÌr{U {Z{hVm Zo“`pÝV Vwar § dmMmo ‘Zwî`m dXpÝV'' (F$H²$ 2&3&22) CZVrZ dm{U`m|‘| nam dmUr ñdê$n Á`mo{V: h¡. ""ñdê$nÁ`mo{VaodmÝV: namdmJZnm{`Zr, Vñ`m§ ÑîQ>ñdê$nm`m‘{YH$mamo {ZdV©Vo'' (‘hm^mî`).

nam dmUr AmË‘M¡VÝ`ê$nm hr h¡. gd©JV hmoZo na ^r àm{U`m|Ho$‘ybmYmaMH«$ñWm h¡. dht na A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡. d¡ mH$aU‘yY©Ý` lrZmJoe^Q²>Q>Zo d¡ mH$aU{gÕmÝV ‘ÄOyfm J«ÝW‘| eº²$`ml`{Zê$nU àH$aU‘| VÝÌemñÌmZwgmanam-ní`ÝVr Am{X Mma dm{U`m|H$m ñnîQ> {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡.

""EVV² gd©JV‘{n àm{UZm§ ‘ybmYmao g§ñH¥$VndZMbZoZA{^ì`Á`Vo. kmV‘W©{ddjmo… nw§g: BÀN>`m OmVoZ à`ËZoZ `moJEd‘ybmYmañW ndZg§ñH$ma…. VX{^ì`ŠV§ eãX~«÷ ñdà{VîR>`m {ZînÝX‘²(namdmH²$) B{V CÀ`Vo''.

AWm©V² `h namdmJ² ê$n {MV²ñdê$n eãX~«÷ ì`mnH$ hmoZo na ^r àm{U`m|Ho$‘ybmYmaMH«$‘| hr g§ñH¥$V dm`wg§Mmago A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡. kmVmW© {ddjwnwéfH$s BÀN>m OÝ` à`ËZH$m moJ hr ‘ybmYmañW ndZg§ñH$ma h¡. dh A{^ì`ŠVnam dmUr ñdà{VîR> {ZînÝX hr ahVr h¡.'' `h `mo{J`m|Ho$ Ûmam ^r AJå` h¡.d¡ mH$aU Bgr dmUrH$mo "eãX~«÷' H$hVo h¢. ^V¥©h[aZo H$hm h¡ ""AZm{X{ZYZ§~«÷ eãXVËd§ `Xja‘², {ddV©Vo@W© mdoZ à{H«$`m OJVmo `V…''.

‘ybmYma MH«$ Š`m h¡? ‘Zwî`H$m Xoh fÊUd{V (96) A“xbH$m hmoVm h¡.Bg‘| gmY© gßVMËdm[a¨eV² (47&&) A“xb Cna ZrMo N>moS>H$a EH$ A“xbn[a{‘V ‘Ü`^mJ "‘ybmYma' H$hbmVm h¡. `h ‘ybmYma Xoh‘Ü` H$hbmVm h¡""nmædÝVmX² Û² `“xbmX² D$Üdª {b“mÀM Û² `“xbmX² AY:, ‘Ü`‘oH$m“xb§`ÀM Xoh‘Ü § àMjVo''. `h ‘ybmYma ‘yb àH¥${Vñdê$n Hw$ÊS>{bZr h¡. `h‘hXm{X VËdm|go do{ï>V gn©dV² gwßV ahVr h¡. Bg ‘ybmYmago CpËWV ndZ hrZm{S>`m|Ho$ Ûmam gd©H$m © H$aVm h¡. ""JwX{b“mÝVao MH«$‘² AmYmam» § MVwX©b‘²,ApñV Hw$ÊS>{bZr ~«÷epŠVamYman“Oo'' (g§Or.aËZm.1&2&145) ""Xoho@{n‘ybmYmao Vw g‘wXo{V g‘raU…'' (ànÄMgma V§.nQ>.1&91). Ed§ namdmUrAmË‘ñdê$nÁ`mo{V hr h¡.

BÝht A{^àm`m|go nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘rd ©Zo ^r Bg {Z~ÝY‘| {bIm h¡ ""BZMma àH$maH$s dm{U`m|‘| àW‘ nam dmUr h¡. `h MamMa ~«÷mÊS>‘| ì`mßVgd©{dY n[aÀN>oXm|go a{hV gd©gm{j yV MoVZm h¡. AVEd dmUrH$m h AmÚMaU

18 19

gH$b ñd-na dñVwAm|Ho$ àH$meZ‘| g‘W© g‘pîQ>ê$noU na‘mË‘m hr h¡. gmW hrgmW CgrHo$ {MX§e hmoZoHo$ H$maU ì`pîQ>ê$noU OrdMoVZmHo$ ê$n‘| ^r ñdrH$mamJ`m h¡''.

ní`ÝVr: ""VXod Zm{^n ©ÝV‘² AmJÀN>Vm VoZ dm wZm A{^ì`ŠV§ ‘Zmo{df`… "ní`ÝVr'{V CÀ`Vo. EVX²Û`§ gyú‘V‘-gyú‘Va‘² B©ídam{YX¡d§`mo{JZm§ g‘mYm¡ {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ{df`… B{V CÀ`Vo'' (‘ÄOyfm n¥.148).AWm©V² dhr nam»` eãX~«÷, ‘ybmYmañW g§ñH¥$V ndZ O~ Zm{^ n ©ÝV J‘ZH$aVm h¡ Vmo Zm{^ñWb‘| A{^ì`ŠV hmoH$a "ní`ÝVr' Zm‘go OmZm OmVm h¡. namEd§ ní`ÝVr XmoZm| ~«÷ê$n dm{U`m§ `mo{JOZ Ûmam {Z{d©H$ënH$ g‘m{YHo$ {df`h¢.

‘Ü`‘m: ""VVmo öX`Xoe‘mJÀN>Vm VoZ dm`wZm öX`Xoeo A{^ì`ŠV§VÎmXW©{deof-VÎmÀN>ãX{deofmoëbopIÝ`m ~wÕ²``m {df`rH¥$Vm {h{haÊ`J ©XodË`m nalmoÌmJ«hUoZ gyú‘m "‘Ü`‘m dmJ²' B{V CÀ`Vo''. AWm©V²dhr g§ñH¥$V ndZ O~ öX`Xoe‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a öX`Xoe‘| hr dhr ~«÷A{^ì`ŠV hmoH$a "‘Ü`‘m dmH²$' H$hbmVm h¡. Bg ‘Ü`‘m dmUrH$m XodVm{haÊ`J^© h¡. VWm `h ‘Ü`‘m dmH²$ {deof eãXmW©H$mo {df` H$aZo dmbr~w{ÕH$m {df` hmoVr h¡. `h nalmoÌgo AJ«mø hmoZogo gyú‘ h¡.

dmUr H$s o VrZ AdñWmE§ gyú‘V‘, gyú‘Va Ed§ gyú‘ê$n h¢. BÝhtVrZm|H$mo ""Jwhm Ìr{U {Z{hVm Zo“`pÝV'' eãXgo H$hm J`m h¡. o VrZm| hr àUdê$n h¢.

d¡Iar: ""g¡d Mmñ`n ©ÝV‘² AmJÀN>Vm VoZ dm wZm H$ÊR>Xoe§ JËdm‘yYm©Z‘² AmhË` namd¥Ë` VÎmËñWmZofw A{^ì`ŠVm na lmoÌoUm{n J«hU`mo½`m{damS>{YXodË`m "d¡IardmJ²' B{V CÀ`Vo'' (‘ÄOyfm VÌ¡d). AWm©V² O~ dhdm w ‘wIXoe‘| AmVm h¡ Vmo grYo ‘yYm©go Q>H$amVm h¡. na ‘yYm©‘| OmZoH$m Ûma Z{‘bZo na dhm§go ‘wIÛmaH$s Va’$ bm¡Q>Vm h¡. V~ VÎmV² H$ÊR>-Vmëdm{X ñWmZm|‘|

dhr dmUr A{^ì`ŠV hmoH$a "d¡Iar' H$hbmVr h¡. `h {damQ²> XodVmdmbr h¡ VWmnaldUJmoMa hmoVr h¡. h ì`ŠVê$ngo AW©H$s àH$m{eH$m hmoVr h¡. dh dmUrÌ`ê$nàUd hr ì`mZmoXmZê$n àmUHo$ gmW d¡Iarê$n ~Z OmVm h¡. AVEd dmŠ`nXr`H$malr^V©¥h[aZo ^r H$hm h¡ ""d¡I`m© ‘Ü`‘m`míM ní`ÝË`m íM¡VXX²^wV‘²,AZoH$VrW© oXm`mñÌæ`m dmM… na§ nX‘²'' (dmŠ`n.144).

Bg àH$ma Mmam| dm{U`m| H$m {d^mJ lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| ñnîQ>h¡. Bgr H$mo dmëb^‘V‘| "Zm‘g¥pîQ>'go A{^{hV {H$`m OmVm h¡. `h Zm‘g¥pîQ>~«÷mpË‘H$m h¡. `h Zm‘g¥pîQ> lrh[aH$s Am{d^m©depŠVH$m n[aUm‘^yV h¡.BgH$m Z àmJ^md h¡ Z Üd§g h¡. A{nVw A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘r lrh[a‘| b`H$mb‘|{Vamo{hV Ed§ g¥pîQ>H$mb‘| Am{d y©V hmoVr h¡.

dU©-nX-dmŠ` ê$ngo {ÌYm {d^ŠV dmUr h¡. dU©‘| nX Ed§ dmŠ` {Vamo{hVahVo h¢. Zm‘g¥pîQ>H$m {dñVma dU©-nX-dmŠ` ê$n eãXVÝ‘mÌmHo$ hr AÝVJ©V h¡.AV… n[aJ{UV nXmWm]go A{V[aŠV nXmWm©ÝVa àgpŠV Zht hmoVr h¡.

dU© dmMH$ h¡ Eogm ‘r‘m§gH$ Ed§ AÛ¡VdoXmÝVr H$hVo h¢. nX dmMH$ h¡ `hZ¡ m{`H$ H$hVo h¡. dmŠ` hr dmMH$ h¡, dU©-nX H$pënV h¢ Eogm d¡ mH$aU H$hVoh¢. na dmëb^ ‘V‘| VrZm| hr dmMH$ h¢.

lrJmoñdm{‘OrHo$ dmŠ`m|‘| ""g^r dU© Ed§ nX ^JdX²dmMH$ hmoZogo ‘ybV…gdm©W©dmMH$ hmoVo h¢, O¡gm {H$ H$h MwHo$ h¢. VXZwgma {OVZo ^r dU© Ed§ nX hmoVoh¢ do ‘yb‘| Vmo ^JdX²dmMH$ hmoVo h¢ Š`m|{H$ gmao ê$nYa ^JdmZ² h¢. AV… gmaodU© Am¡a nX ^JdmZ²Ûmam Yao J o h¢. AZoH${dY ê$nm|Ho$ dmMH$ h¢'' (àH¥$V{Z~ÝY).

Bg Vah `h {Z~ÝY ""dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma ^mfmH$m ñdê$n Ed§ H$m ©H$bmn'' ~hþV hr {dÛËVmnyU© Ed§ emoYnyU© h¡. BgHo$ AÜ``Zgo {dÛmZm|H$mo bm^hmoJm VWm ^mfmHo$ ñdê$n{ZYm©aU‘| dmëb^gå‘V ZdrZ nÝWmH$m àH$me hmoJm.

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3.MjwH$m Mmjwf {df`Xoe‘| àmß`àH$meH$m[aËd: `h ‘hËdnyU© {Z~ÝY {dÛX²J«mø h¡. Bg‘| BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ àmß`H$m[aËd

Aàmß`H$m[aËd H$m {d‘e© {H$`m J`m h¡. {deofV: Mjw[apÝÐ`Ho$ gå~ÝY‘|{dMma àñVwV h¡. ~m¡Õ Ed§ O¡Z H$mo N>moS>H$a àm`: g^r Xme©{ZH$ BpÝÐ`m|H$màmß`H$m[aËd ({df`H$mo àmßV H$a kmZ H$amZm) ñdrH$maVo h¢. `h wpŠV g§JVh¡. BpÝÐ`m§ gå~ÕH$m hr J«hU H$aVr h¢. Agå~ÕJ«hU‘| A{VàgpŠV h¡.~m¡Õm|Zo MjwHo$ Aàmß`H$m[aËd‘| VH©$-`wpŠV`m|H$m àXe©Z {H$`m h¡. {dÛmZ²boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ~m¡Õ, O¡Z, gm§»`, AÛ¡VdoXmÝV, dmëb^, Ý`m` Am{X‘Vm|Ho$ emñÌr` dMZm|H$m CÕaU XoH$a {dñVmago Bg {df`‘| {ddoMZmH$s h¡. `h{Z~ÝY {dÛmZm|Ho$ Ûmam Adí` ÐîQ>ì` h¡.

àmß`H$m[aËd nj‘| Xmo ~mV| gm‘Zo AmVr h¢. Š`m BpÝÐ`m§ Xya-g‘rndVu{df`Xoe‘| J{V H$a Cgo àmßV H$a kmZ H$amVr h¢, `m {df` hr {H$gr àH$maBpÝÐ`Xoe‘| AmVm h¡ VWm Cgo àmßV H$a BpÝÐ`m§ VÎm{Ûf`H$ kmZ H$amVr h¢.

Bg‘| Ý`m`m{X g^r Xme©{ZH$m|Ho$ ‘V‘| V¡Og Mjw[apÝÐ` ñd{H$aUm|Ho$ ÛmamXyañW {df`m|H$mo ì`mßV H$a ê$nm{XH$m kmZ H$amVr h¡. lmoÌHo$ {df`‘| {ddmX h¡.AÛ¡V doXmÝV lmoÌH$mo AmH$me gËdm§ego OÝ` ‘mZVm h¡. VWm eãXXoe VH$J‘Z ‘mZVm h¡. AÝ`Wm oar-‘¥X§J eãXXoe‘| `{X lmoÌ J‘Z Z H$ao A{nVwñdXoe‘| g‘mJV eãXm|H$m hr J«hU H$ao Vmo "" oar-‘¥X“ eãXmo ‘`m lwV:'' `h~w{Õ Zht hmoZr Mm{hE. h ~w{Õ A~m{YV hmoZogo à‘m h¡. H$U© àXoe‘| Vmo eãXOeãXÝ`m`go eãXmÝVa h¡. `h H$hZm ^r wpŠV g§JV Zht bJVm h¡ {H$ dm wHo$Ûmam eãX H$U© àXoe VH$ bm`m J`m, Š`m|{H$ eãXJwU dm wHo$ Ûmam Jw{UH$moN>moS> H$a AÝ`Ì Zht bm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. JwU‘| J{V Zht ‘mZr OmVr h¡. JÝY,dm wHo$ Ûmam K«mU àXoe‘| AmVm h¡. {H$ÝVw Ho$db JÝYJwUH$m, Aml` N>moS>H$a,AÝ`Ì J‘Z Ý`m` {déÕ h¡. JwU `{X JwUrH$mo N>moS>H$a AÝ`Ì J‘Z H$ao Vmo dhñdJV JwUËdH$mo N>moS> XoJm. AV: dhm§ àm{W©dm§eHo$ gmW hr JÝY, dm wHo$ ÛmamCnZrV hmoVm h¡. AÑîQ>demV² nwînm{X‘| nwînm§e ê$n nm{W©dm§eH$s ny{V© hmoVr ahVrh¡ {Oggo nwînH$m Zme Zht hmoVm h¡. eãXHo$ {df`‘| Eogm Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm

h¡. {Zad`d ì`mnH$ AmH$meH$m eãXHo$ gmW J‘Z wpŠVg§JV Zht h¡. AV:eãXJ«hUHo${bE lmoÌopÝÐ`H$m J‘Z wŠV h¡.

Mjw[apÝÐ` Vmo {H$aUÛmam XyañW {df`H$mo ì`mßV H$aVr h¡ na H$U©H$mo Vmo{H$aU Zht h¡ `h H¡$go XyaàXoemoX² yVeãXH$mo àmßV H$aoJm? Bg àíZH$m CÎma `hh¡ {H$ ‘Ü`‘n[a‘mU BpÝÐ`m|H$s n[aUm‘ ê$n d¥{Îm h¡. dh d¥{ÎmHo$ Ûmam {df`H$moì`mßV H$aVr h¡. agZm{X BpÝÐ`m|‘| Vmo {Z{d©dmX h¡ {H$ BpÝÐ`Xoe‘| àmßV{df`H$mo J«hU H$amVr h¡. {H$ÝVw Mjw Ed§ lmoÌ ‘| {ddmX h¡.

dmëb^ ‘V‘| ^r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$ àH¥$V CX²YaUgo ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ V¡OgMjw:{H$aU XyañW {df`H$mo ì`mßV H$a {df`J«hU H$amVr h¡. {df`-BpÝÐ`H$m

H$m¡Z gå~ÝY h¡ Bg‘| {deofV: {ddmX h¡. BpÝÐ`m§ ^m¡{VH$ Ed§ Amh§H$m[aH$h¢ `h Xmo ‘V h¢. XmoZm| ‘Vm|Ho$ AZwgma ñd{gÕmÝVgå‘V gå~ÝYH$s H$ënZm H$sOmVr h¡. Agå~ÕH$m J«hU gå^d Zht h¡. ^m¡{VH$ hmo `m Amh§H$m[aH$ hmoMjw[apÝÐ` V¡Og h¡, Cg‘| àH$meËd gå^d h¡. {H$aU Z ^r ‘mZm Om` V~ ^r‘Ü`‘n[aUm‘ nj‘| CgH$s {df`ì`mpßVê$n n[aUm‘ `m d¥{Îm ‘mZZm A{Zdm ©h¡. Ý`m`‘V‘| ^r ‘ZHo$ na‘mUwê$n hmoZo na ^r BpÝÐ`m|H$s na‘mUwê$nVm Zht h¡.BpÝÐ`m§ AUw h¢. AUwH$m AW© gyú‘ hmoVm h¡. dh Û² UwH$m{Xê$n hmo gH$Vr h¡.

àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$ CÕaU na {dÛmZ² lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo Hw$N>AZmJ«hnyd©H$ Amjon {H$`m h¡. boIH$H$m A{^àm` h¡ {H$ lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo""Ho$fmpÄMV² à{H«$`m'' H$h H$a {Og ‘VH$m CëboI {H$`m h¡ dhr dmëb^‘V‘|Cn wŠV h¡. Ý`m`, à^mH$am{X ‘VH$m ñd‘V‘| AZwgaU H$aZm C{MV Zht h¡.

lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo ""Ho$fmpÄMV² à{H«$`m'' H$h H$a {Og ‘VH$m CëboI{H$`m h¡ dh `h h¡ ""`m nwZ: AmbmoHo$Z ‘m`mH$m © V‘mo OZZà{V~ÝYo H¥$VoÁ`m o{Vê$n gy` ©X odV`m AÊdmË‘H$Mjw{f

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gÝ‘wImì`d{hVXoeñWn¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$mao {d{eîQ>ê$no àm{nVo gËdàYmZ~wÕoAÝVa od VXmH$maVm gånÎmm ¡ AUwê$n § Ord§ à{VkmZm{lVmÜ`mpË‘H$KQ>m{^ì`pŠVaod Mmjwf§, XyañWJÝYeãXm`ñVw dm wZmK«mUmlmoÌg‘rnàmnUo AÝV:gËdmË‘H$~wÕo: VXmH$maVm gånÎmm ¡kmZm{lVmÜ`mpË‘H$JÝYeãXm{^ì`pŠVaod K«mUO§ lmdU§ M àË`j{‘{VAmÜ`mpË‘H$m{Y^m¡{VH$`moa^oXmV² Z ~møKQ>mJ«hU{Z~ÝYZmo Xmof: B{VHo$fmpÄMX² à{H«$`m''. Bg à{H«$`mH$m IÊS>Z ^r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo A{J«‘n§pŠV`m|go {H$`m h¡.

Bg na boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo AmXanyd©H$ Amjon {H$`m h¡. lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mAmjon `wpŠVg§JV h¡. {dÛmZ² bmoJ {dMma H$a|Jo. {H$ÝVw MjwX}e‘| àm{nV{df`H$m àË`j AmÜ`mpË‘H$ hr hmoJm, A{Y^m¡{VH$ Zht. `Ú{n XmoZm|‘| A oXh¡ {’$a ^r ñ’w$Q>md^mg AmÜ`mpË‘H$‘| Zht h¡. {df` Xoe‘| àm{nV V¡Og Mjw:àË`j‘| {df`H$m nw§ImZwnw§I ñ’w$Q>md^mg gå^d h¡. AñVw Bg {df`‘| Jmoñdm‘rOrH$m{MÝVZ VWm Cg‘| àXÎm wpŠV`m§ ^r à‘mÊ`ñneu h¢. `h {dMma AmYw{ZH$d¡km{ZH$ ‘VHo$ g‘rn h¡.

lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m VmËn © h¡ {H$ {df` n ©ÝV Mjwd¥{Îm `m Mmjwf {H$aUm| Ho$J‘Z‘| emñÌr` à‘mU ñnîQ> Zht h¡. ""{Xdrd MjwamVV‘²'' BË`m{X(F$H²$g§.1&5&22&20) dMZ‘| Wm ""Mjw{X©{d AmVV§ ní`{V'' VWm ""gya`mo{dîUmo… nX§ gXm ní`pÝV'' BË`m{X dMZ ^r AmH$me Ed§ VÛdVu {df`mo‘|Mjwì`mpßV‘| à‘mU Zht h¢. Š`m|{H$ "{X{d' gßV‘rH$m AW© Am¡níbo{fH$,ì`mnH$ Ed§ d¡f{`H$ AmYma VrZm| njm|‘| AmH$me MjwHo$ gmW CnnÝZ Zht hmoVmh¡.

‘oao {dMmago Mjwapí‘`m§ `m CgH$s d¥{Îm Ho$ {df`m|Ho$ gmW Am¡níbo{fH$gå~ÝY‘| H$moB© ~mYm Zht h¡. Am¡níbo{fH$ Aì`mß`d¥{Îm hr ‘mZm OmVm h¡.""X{Y‘| K¥V h¡'' Eogo ñWbm|na A{^ì`mnH$ gßV‘r h¡. AV… AZÝXmH$meHo$gmW Zm`Z apí‘`m|H$m Aì`mß`d¥{Îm g§`moJm{X‘| H$moB© ~mYm Zht h¡. `{X"{X{d'H$m "Mjw'Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY Z H$a "AmVV'Ho$ gmW hr gå~ÝY H$aVo h¢

Am¡a "AmVV'nXgo ZjÌm{X J«hU H$a| V~ ^r ""Mjw… `Wm {X{d AmVV§ ZjÌm{Xní`{V VWm gya`…'' Eogm AW© H$aZo na ^r MjwH$m {df` n ©ÝV J‘Zm^md Zht{gÕ hmo nmVm h¡. dhm§ Bg AW©H$m AdH$me {‘bVm h¡ {H$ Mjwd¥{Îm Ûmam `m{H$aUm| Ûmam {X{d AmVV ZjÌm{XH$mo g§ wŠV H$aVr h¡. Mjw‘| H$aU‘| H$V©¥Ëd{ddjm gå^d h¡. hm§, Bg AW©‘| Jmoñdm‘rOrHo$ gå‘V AW©H$m ^r AdH$me{‘b OmVm h¡. AbmoH$ {H$aUm| Ûmam MjwX}e‘| {df` àmpßV hmo gH$Vr h¡. naCŠV dmŠ`Ho$ Ûmam H$moB© EH$ njH$mo à‘m{UV Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.{df`Xoe‘| MjwJ©‘Z wpŠV{gÕ^r h¡.

nyÁ` boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo Xygar ~mV CR>m`r h¡ {H$ ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm`m]ZoMjw[apÝÐ`H$s Vah ê$nVÝ‘mÌmH$mo ^r V¡Og ‘mZm h¡. Eogr Xem‘| Š`m {d{ZJ‘Zmh¡ {H$ Mjw… {df`n ©ÝV J‘Z H$ao ê$n VÝ‘mÌm MjwX}e n ©ÝV J‘Z H$ao,V¡OgËd Vmo C^`Ì h¡

Bg na H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dñVwAm|H$m ñd^md {deof hmoVm h¡.ê$nVÝ‘mÌm V¡Og hmoZo na ^r J‘Z Zht H$aVr Mjw[apÝÐ` J‘Z H$aVr h¡. `hñd^mdmXod h¡. Mjw[apÝÐ` apí‘dmbr h¡. ê$nVÝ‘mÌm apí‘‘mZ² Zht h¡. apí‘dmbm‘mZZo na ^r Mjw[apÝÐ`H$m àoaH$ ‘Z h¡, ‘Z H$m àoaH$ AÝV`m©‘r h¡. dhm§ d¡gmZht h¡. `{X H$h| {H$ AÝV© m‘r Vmo {df` ‘Ü` ahH$a AÝV ©‘Z H$aVm h¡.ê$nVÝ‘mÌmH$mo ^r AÝV`m©‘r ~mø àH$meHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go MjwX}e n ©ÝV àofU H$agH$Vm h¡. Bg na VH©$ h¡ {H$ ê$nVÝ‘mÌmE§ `{X Y‘uH$mo N>moS>H$a {df`Xoe‘|àmßV hmoZo bJo Vmo ê$nr dñVw Zrê$n hmo Om oJm. MjwJ©‘Z nj‘| `h Xmof Zhth¡. Mmjwf {H$aU| XÊS>m`‘mZ hmoH$a {df` ì`mßV H$aVr h¡. AWm©V² gy ©apí‘`m|H$sVah gy ©go n¥WH²$ hmoH$a hr apí‘`m§ {df`H$mo ì`mßV H$aVr h¢. d¡go MjwH$s d¥{Îm`m apí‘ Mjwgo gå~Õ hmoH$a hr {df`ì`mpßV H$aVr h¡. ê$nVÝ‘mÌm J‘ZHo$nj‘| `h gå^d Zht h¡. `{X gå^d hmo V~ ^r XyaËd-g‘rnËdH$s àVr{V ZhthmoJr. Š`m|{H$ Mmjwfd¥{ÎmHo$ gmW ‘Z-~w{Õ gå~ÝY h¡, MjwX}e n ©ÝV AmJ‘ZHo$nyd© ê$nVÝ‘mÌmHo$ XÊS>m`‘mZ apí‘`m|Ho$ gmW Zht. AV… ê$nVÝ‘mÌm ~møbmoH$Ho$ Ûmam MjwXoemJ‘Z nj pŠbîQ> àVrV hmoVm h¡.

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Bg nj‘| ""Ñeo {dídm` gy ©‘²'' F¥$J²H$m à‘mU ^r ÑJ²Ho$ CnH$maH$ËdAW©‘| à‘mU hmo gH$Vm h¡. gy ©H$s apí‘`m§ {df` g§ñH$maH$ Ed§ Mjw[apÝÐ` C^`g§ñH$maH$ h¢. AVEd dmŠ`nXr`H$ma ^V¥©h[aZo ~«÷H$mÊS>‘| 80d| íbmoH$‘| H$hmh¡ ""Mjwf… àmß`H$m[aËdo VoOgmVw Û`moa{n, {df opÝÐ``mo[aîQ>… g§ñH$ma… gH«$‘moÜdZo…'' (dmŠ`n.1&80).

BpÝÐ` g§ñH$ma‘mÌo V‘…ñW KQ>H$s r MjwfËdmn{Îm hmoJr. {df` g§ñH$ma‘mÌnj‘| g^rH$mo AmbmoH$ñW KQ>H$m MmjwfËd hmoZo bJoJm.

`{X ""AVnË`o Vm`dmo `Wm ZjÌm… `pÝV AŠVw{^… gyam` {dídMjgo'' Bg F¥$J² dmŠ`Ho$ AZwgma gy © apí‘`m|go Aën apí‘dmbo g^rH$m{Vamo md H$h| Vmo ê$nVÝ‘mÌm ^r VoOg h¡, CgH$m ^r gy © àH$me‘| {dbmon àg§JhmoJm. V~ C^` nj namhV hmoJm. `h gå^d Zht h¡ {H$ V¡Og Mmjwf apí‘{Vamo{hV hmo, V¡Og ê$nVÝ‘mÌm apí‘ `m àH$me {Vamo{hV Z hmo. AV…dñVwñd^mdmZwgma hr H$ënZm wpŠV g§JV àVrV hmoVr h¡. Bg Vah {dMma H$aZona {df` Xoe‘| MjwJ©‘Z nj ^r gynnÝZ àVrV hmoVm h¡. AñVw ‘mÝ` {dÛV²{eamo‘{U lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m VH©$ ñVwË` h¡. {dÛÁOZ Bg na {dMma H$a| Bgr{bECÝhm|Zo Bg njH$mo CR>m`m h¡.

4.V‘g²Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñdê$n Am¡a CZH$s AZw y{V`m| Ho$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> nwa… ñ’w${V©H${dMma:

V‘g²Ho$ gå~ÝY‘| àm`… g^r emñÌmo‘| {dMma Am`m h¡. {nN>br {dMmaJmoîR>r‘|Bg {df` na VÎmX²Xe©ZmZwgma {dÛmZm|H$m {dMma gånÝZ hþAm Wm. emñÌm|‘| VWm{dÛX²JmopîR>`m|‘| V‘g²Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ ê$nH$m {dMma à{gÕ h¡. V‘g²H$mo H$moB© ^md,H$moB© A^md, H$moB© ê$n‘mÌ, H$moB© H¥$îUkmZ ‘mÌ Am{X ‘mZVm h¡. o g^r njàñVwV hþE h¢. na V‘g²Ho$ A{YX¡d, AÜ`mË‘ Am{X ê$nm|na emñÌ‘| {dMma Zhth¡. h¡ ^r Vmo ñdën‘mÌm‘|. lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo àñVwV {Z~ÝY‘| V‘g²Ho$ àË`j OÝ`‘mZgemñÌr` nam ^m¡{VH$, AmÜ`mpË‘H$, A{YX¡{dH$ Am{X ñdê$nm|H$m nmpÊS>Ë`nyU© {ddoMZ àñVwV {H$`m h¡. AV… Bg à~ÝYH$m ‘hËd {deofê$ngo ~T> OmVmh¡. V‘g² gå~ÝYr CŠV àH$maHo$ dmëb^ gå‘V {dMma àñVwV H$a VXZwgmahr

{gÕmÝV {ZpíMV {H$`m J`m h¡. AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>go V‘g²Ho$ ñdê$nH$m{díbofU H$a Cgo dmëb^ {gÕmÝVmZwgma {gÕ {H$`m J`m h¡. gmW hr V‘g²H$sAÛ¡Vgå‘V A{Zd©MZr`VmH$m ^r IÊS>Z lw{V wpŠVgo {H$`m J`m h¡. V‘g²H$sgË`Vm Am¡a ~«÷ê$nVm {gÕ H$s J`r h¡. `hm§ A{Vg§{jßV {Z~ÝYgma àñVwV{H$`m OmVm h¡.

V‘g²H$m Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n ""Z AgX² AmgrX² Zmo gX² VXmZr‘²...''(F¥$.g§.10&11&129/1&3) H$m CÕaU XoH$a boIH$Zo eL²H$adoXmÝVm{^‘V"V‘g²'eãXmW© A{dÚm Omo {‘Ï`m A{ZdM©Zr` h¡ H$m dmëb^ wpŠV`m|go IÊS>Z{H$`m h¡. VWm V‘g²H$m Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n {Z{d©H$ënH$ g‘m{Y AdñWmH$s Vah`moJ{ZÐm ‘mZm J`m h¡. "`moJ{ZÐm' eãXH$m à`moJ XwJm©gßVeVr‘| lr{dîUwgwfwpßVê$n‘| Am`m h¡. ""`moJ{ZÐm§ Xm {dîUw O©JXoH$mU©dr H¥$Vo, AmñVr © eof‘^OV²H$ënmÝVo ^JdmZ² à w…''. BgrH$mo JrVm‘| "`moJ‘m`m' eãXgo ^r H$hm h¡.""Zmh§ àH$me… gd©ñ` `moJ‘m`m g‘md¥V…''. `h {Z{d©H$ën g‘m{YdV²`moJ{ZÐm ^mdê$n h¡. `h V‘g²H$m Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n ~«÷hr h¡. ‘hmà wZo ñnîQ>H $hm h ¡ ""V‘ Amgr{X{V V‘m o@{n ~«÷¡d gwßVËdoZ gmå`mV²''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&32).

g¥pîQ>Ho$ Am{X‘| ""V‘ AmgrV²'' Bg dMZH$s ì`m»`m gw~mo{YZrHo$ AZwgma"V‘g²' eãXgo ~«÷ hr dmÀ` h¡. àb`moÎma H$mb‘| ^r ""Aì`ŠV‘² AjaoV‘{g, V‘… nao Xodo EH$s d{V'' Bg dMZHo$ AZwgma Aì`ŠV Aja‘| (H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V nwéf ‘|) VWm Aja V‘‘|, V‘ na Xod‘| EH$s yV hmoVm h¡.`h "V‘g²' eãXgo ^r CŠV nÄM{dY Aja~«÷H$s AdñWm{deof hr h¡ {OgH$mna~«÷go EH$s^md ~Vm`m J`m h¡. AV… V‘g²H$m Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n `moJ{ZÐm h¡.dh ~«÷ ê$n hr h¡.

Ú{n àH¥$V {Z~Y‘| "V‘g²' eãX dmÀ` ‘m`mH$m Ed§ CgH$s A{Zd©MZr`ËdEd§ {‘Ï`mËd H$m IÊS>Z dëb^ ‘VmZwgma {H$`m J`m h¡. VWm{n emL²H$a ‘V‘|g‘mYmZ Ed§ {‘Ï`mËdm{ZdM©Zr`Ëd H$s ajm H$aVo hþE CÕ¥V lw{V-ñ‘¥{V`m|H$mì`m»`mZ gd©Wm gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡. {H$ÝVw Bg y{‘H$m‘| CgH$s MMm© H$aZm

26 27

Aàmg{“H$ h¡. nyÁ` Jmoñdm‘rOr Z Ho$db dmëb^‘V{deofk h¢ A{nVwemL²H$a‘VHo$ ^r {deofk h¢. ñd § Bg {Z~ÝY‘| eL²H$amopŠVH$mo ñdmZwHy$bmW©‘|CX²Y¥V {H$`m h¡. {‘Ï`mËdHo$ kmZ{ZdË`©Ëdm{X bjUm|H$mo ñd‘V‘| AZwHy$b~Vm`m h¡. dñVwV… `h {Z~ÝY {dÛmZm|Ho$ gm‘Zo A yVnyd© àñVw{V h¡.

à‘mU àXe©ZmZÝVa {Z~ÝYH$ma ñd`‘od H$hVo h¢ ""EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡{H$ V‘g²H$m H$moB© EH$ Am{YX¡{dH$ `m Abm¡{H$H$ ñdê$n^r h¡ {Ogo ^JdmZ²H$s`moJ{ZÐm ‘mZm J`m h¡'' BË`m{X. ""VWm {ZîH$f©V`m AZoH${dY Zm‘ê$nH$‘m]n¥WH²$ à{d^mOZ `m àH$meZ AWdm Cg‘| a‘U O¡go gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷‘| g¥îQ>hmoVm h¡, d¡go CZHo$ AàH$meZ `m {d^mJ{dbmonZ Ûmam gpÀMXmZÝX~«÷H$m nwZ…AmË‘rH$aU AZw dmVrV Am{YX¡{dH$ V‘g² ‘mZm J`m h¡''.

V‘g²H$m AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$n {dÛmZ² lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo lw{V-ñ‘¥{V- wpŠV`m|go ^JdmZ²H$s ÛmXe epŠV`m|Ho$

AÝVJ©V ì`‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m epŠV `m A{dÚm H$mo V‘g²H$m AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ñdê$n‘mZm h¡. BgH$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ {Z~ÝY‘| ÐîQ>ì` h¡.

V‘g²H$m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñdê$n: AZoH$ lw{V`m|Ho$ CXmhaU XoH$a lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo `h {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$

V‘g²H$m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñdê$n ^r h¡. dh ^JdmZ²H$s hr àH$medV² g¥pîQ> h¡.AÝV`m©{‘ ~«÷mUHo$ AZwgma AÝV`m©‘r na‘oída V‘g²-àH$me XmoZm|go A{d{XV,XmoZm|Ho$ ^rVa ahH$a XmoZm|H$m AÝV ©‘Z H$aVm h¡. AVEd V‘g² A^mdê$n Zhth¡. dh à wH$s ^md g¥pîQ> h¡. Vmo Š`m àH$me‘| AÝYH$ma Am¡a AÝYH$ma‘| àH$meah gH$Vm h¡? hm§. ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo@^md…'' Ho$ ^mdnXmW©H$m A^md Zht.gd©Ì gd©gå^d h¡ Bg dmëb^ ‘VmZwgma àH$me‘| AÝYH$maH$m {Vamo md Ed§AÝYH$ma‘| àH$meH$m {Vamo^md C{MV h¡. ""AmË‘VEd Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdm¡...AmË‘VEdoX§ gd©‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&26&1) Ho$ AZwgma JdmZ²H$s~hþ dZoÀN>mH$m hr AZw mdê$n ^m¡{VH$ V‘g² h¡.

BgHo$ AZÝVa AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ emñÌ{dk lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo AmYw{ZH${dkmZHo$ AZwgma V‘g²Ho$ ñdê$nH$m {díbofU {H$`m h¡. Omo g^r Xme©{ZH$m|Ho$Ûmam nR>Zr` Ed§ J«mø h¡.

lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ‘Vm|H$s VwbZmË‘H$ g‘rjm Cn{ZfX²lm¡VdmŠ`m|go H$s h¡. AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>‘| lm¡VdmŠ`m|H$s `h VwbZmË‘H$àm‘m{UH$ g‘rjm AmMm ©H$m Bg {Xem‘| gd©Wm ZdrZ ‘hËdnyU© g’$b à`mgh¡. Bg VahHo$ emoY H$m ©Ho${b o àmÀ`-àVrÀ`mo `{dX² AmMm © lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mo{dÛËg‘mO y[a- y[a gå‘mZ XoVm h¡ VWm Ame aIVm h¡ {H$ Bg {Xem‘| do{dÛV² g‘mOHo${b o AJ«ga ah|.

5.»`m{VdmXH$s MMmª‘| Hw$N> nwa…ñ’w${V©H$ {dMma{~ÝXw: àñVwV à~ÝY‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo »`m{V gå~ÝYr d¡km{ZH$ {dMma {H$`m h¡,

«mpÝVkmZH$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n Š`m h¡ VWm CgHo$ {df`H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nŠ`m h¡ BgH$m {díbofU {H$`m h¡. «mpÝVkmZH$m {df`, gX² AgX² gXgX²{ÌH$mo{Q>{dbjU A{ZdM©Zr` `m MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠV eyÝ` hmo gH$Vm h¡, BgH$m‘m{‘©H$ {ddoMZ àñVwV {H$`m h¡.

dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma «mpÝVkmZH$mo AÝ`»`m{VHo$ ê$n‘| g‘Pm OmVmh¡. dmëb^ ‘V‘| ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo Zm^mdmo {dÚVo gV…'' Bg JrVmoŠVdMZHo$ AZwgma MVw{d©Y A^mdm|H$mo Zht ‘mZm OmVm h¡. bmoH$‘| A^mdmZw y{V`m|H$moAm{d^m©d-{Vamo mdHo$ AmYma na g‘Pm OmVm h¡. AV… «mpÝVkmZH$m {df`AgV² H¡$go H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡? Bgr Vah A»`m{VH$mo N>moS>H$a AÝ`»`m{V`m|H$mo^r AñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m h¡. lramOmZwO‘V{gÕ A»`m{VH$mo Am§{eH$ ê$ngoñdrH¥$V {H$`m J`m h¡, Z {H$ gd©Ì. VmËn © `h h¡ {H$ nyU© kmZr-nyU© `moJrHo${bE A»`m{V h¡; Š`m|{H$ CZH$m kmZ `WmW© h¡, na bm¡{H$H$ ÑpîQ>goà{V^mg‘mZ aOVH$mo ewpŠV Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. AV… dhm§ nwamod{V© ewpŠV‘|AÝ` aOVH$s hr »`m{V ‘mÝ` h¡. BZ g^r {df`m|H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ à‘mUnwa…gaàH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo {H$`m h¡.

28 29

«‘ Xmo àH$maH$m hmoVm h¡: 1.{Zê$nm{YH$ O¡go ewpŠV-aOVm{X 2.gmonm{YH$O¡go ""nrV… e§I'' BË`m{X. BZ XmoZm|‘| dmëb^ ‘V‘| àW‘H$mo Vmo AÝ`»`m{VHo$ê$n‘| ñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m h¡. {ÛVr` gmonm{YH$ «‘H$mo «‘ Z ‘mZH$a AÝ`WmkmZHo$ê$n‘| ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h kmZ «‘-à‘m XmoZm|go {dbjU h¡. dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|hr gmonm{YH$ kmZH$mo ^r «‘Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$ht-H$ht ‘mZm J`m h¡. AÝ`Wm«‘-à‘mgo A{V[aŠV AÝ` H$m¡Zgm kmZ hmoJm. ñ‘¥{V Vmo CgH$mo H$h Zht gH$Vo«‘-à‘m {‘{lV, ñ‘¥{V {^ÝZ {H$gr kmZ‘| à‘mU Zht h¡. gmonm{YH$ «‘Ho$

{df`‘| {dÛmZ² boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo gw~mo{YZrH$mo CÕ¥V H$aVo hþE ~hþV Hw$N>{dMma CnpñWV {H$ o h¢. {ZîH$f© CÝhtHo$ eãXm|‘| ""{ZîH$f©V… dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$AZwgma AkmZ Am¡a AÝ`WmkmZ AÝ`»`m{Vê$n «mpÝVHo$ ì`m‘w½Y nwéfJV hoVwÛ` h¢ Z {H$ «mpÝVHo$ bjUmon‘ ñdê$n''.

{dÛmZ² boIH$Zo »`m{V gå~ÝYr àmMrZ {dMmam|go A{V[aŠV AmYw{ZH$^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma d¡km{ZH$m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho${dMmam|H$m CëboI H$aVo hþE ‘hËdnyU© {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡. BZHo$ Bg {ddoMZH$moAdJV H$a Xme©{ZH$m|H$mo ^r AnZo {gÕmÝVm| na nwZ{d©Mma H$aZoH$s Amdí`H$VmàVrV hmoVr h¡. {OkmgwAm| Ûmam àH¥$V {Z~ÝY Adí` hr AZwerbZr` h¡.

6.lrñdm{‘Zmam`U‘Vr` doXmÝV{gÕmÝV Am¡a ^pŠVgmYZm H$s {dH$gZà{H«$`m- 1-2.

o XmoZm| {Z~ÝY nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ ‘hËdnyU© h¡. {Og‘| àW‘ {Z~ÝY‘|lrñdm‘rZmam`U gåàXm`{gÕ doXmÝV{gÕmÝVH$s g‘rjm H$s J`r h¡. VWm{ÛVr` {Z~ÝY‘| CŠV g‘rjm‘| CR>m`o J`o Hw$N> Amjon{~ÝXwAm| nalrlw{VàH$meXmgOrHo$ Ûmam {X o J o g‘mYmZm|H$s {dÛVmnyU© g‘rjm Ed§ {ZamH¥${VàñVwV H$s J`r h¡.

CŠV {Z~ÝYm|Ho$ AÜ``Zgo kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñd{gÕmÝVgåàXm`‘| AQy>Q>lÕm{dídmg aIZodmbo lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo CZ ñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`JV {dÛmZm|H$s

AmbmoMZm H$s h¡ Omo ñdgåàXm`Ho$ ‘yb J«ÝW {ejmnÌrHo$ {déÕ ‘VHo$ nmofH$h¢.

AYwZm Hw$N> ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`dmbm|Zo AnZo ‘VH$mo lram‘mZwOr`{d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vgo n¥WH²$ê$n‘| {gÕ H$aZoH$m Ag’$b à`mg {H$`m h¡. CZH$m H$WZh¡ {H$ "dMZm‘¥V'Ho$ AÜ``Zgo `h ‘V am‘mZwOr` ‘Vgo n¥WH²$ àVrV hmoVm h¡.dMZm‘¥V lrñdm{‘Zmam`UOrHo$ hr CnXoe dMZm|H$m g§J«h h¡. lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mVmËn © h¡ {H$ {ejmnÌr‘| ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ lrñdm{‘Zmam`U ‘V‘| lram‘mZwOr`{d{eîQ>mÛ¡V {gÕmÝV hr ‘mZm Om oJm. lr^mî` hr VËgå‘V ^mî` h¡. V~lram‘mZwOr` {d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vgo {^ÝZVmH$m àg“ hr Zht AmVm. Eogr pñW{V‘|^ŠË`m{X CnXoe à`moOZH$ "dMZm‘¥V' dMZm|H$m ^r {ejmnÌrHo$ AZwgma hrì`m»`mZ wŠV h¡. AÝ`Wm ñd{gÕmÝV ‘ybnwéf dMZ {Z‘y©b hmoH$a Aàm‘m{UH$hmo Om oJm. g^r gåàXm`m|‘| Eogm hr XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ H$moB© ^r AgmYmaU{dÛËVmgånÝZ {dÛmZ² ì`m»`mH$ma AnZo gåàXm`Ho$ ‘ybnwéfHo$ dMZm|H$mo à‘mUËdoZÜ`mZ‘| aIH$a hr VX{damo{Y wpŠV`m|go, VH$m]go ì`m»`m CnpñWV H$aVm h¡.H$ht {dnarV nS>Zo na ^r CgH$m g‘Ýd` `m VmËn © dU©Z H$aVm h¡ Z {H$‘ybnwéfgo {dnarV ì`m»`m H$aVm h¡.

BZ g^r dmŠ`m|Ho$ gmW lrñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm` {gÕ {gÕmÝVm|H$m dU©ZàH¥$V {Z~ÝYm|‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

lrlw{VàH$meXmgOrHo$ g‘mYmZm|H$m ^r CÎma CÝhtHo$ {gÕmÝVmZwgmalrJmoñdm‘rOrZo àñVwV {H$`m h¡. o XmoZm| {Z~ÝY AVrd ‘hËdnyU© h¢. emoYm{W© m|,{OkmgwAm| Ho${bE gd©Wm CnmXo h¢.

8.Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm Am¡a {díd‘| empÝV: Ym{‘©H$ Ed§ {dÛmZ² boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo àñVwV {Z~ÝY Ûmam {dídempÝVH$m

AZwn‘ gd©Y‘©J«mø Cnm` àñVwV {H$`m h¡. {dídeepÝVHo${bE H$moB© EH$ Y‘©‘mÝ` H$aZm AeŠ` h¡. empÝV Vmo V^r gå^d h¡ O~ g^r Y‘m©ZwJm‘r

30 31

naY‘©g{hîUw ~Z|. naY‘©g{hîUwVmH$m AW© ñdY‘©Ë`mJnyd©H$ naY‘© n[aJ«h Zhth¡ A{nVw ñdY‘©H$s Vah öX oZ ñdrH$ma hr h¡. JrVm ^r H$hVr h¡ ""ñdo-ñdoH$‘©Ê`{^aV… g§{gqÕ b^Vo Za…, ñdY‘} {ZYZ§ lo … naY‘m} ^`mdh…''`Ú{n `h JrVmdmŠ` dUm©l‘Y‘©Ho$ à{V H$hm J`m h¡ VWm{n àM{bV g‘ñVY‘m]‘| ^r Bg dmŠ`H$m g§Mma {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

boIH$H$m H$WZ eVà{VeV gË` h¡ {H$ {dídH$bhH$m H$maU H$moB© Y‘©`m CgH$s {d{dYVm Zht h¡ A{nVw EH$m{YH$m[aVmH$m Ah§ md hr H$bhH$m ~rOh¡. AWm©V² ‘oam hr Y‘© ghr h¡ AÝ` Y‘© e¡VmZà^d h¡. CgH$mo {‘Q>m XoZm Mm{hE`h ^md {dídH$bhH$m ~rO h¡.

Jmoñdm‘rOrZo {hÝXw, ~m¡Õ, O¡Z, B©gmB, ‘wg{b‘ Am{X Y‘m]Ho$ ‘yb J«ÝWm|goCÕaU XoH$a {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$ g^r Y‘m]‘| EHo$ída dmX, CgH$s Amkm nmbZH$m{dYmZ Ed§ Xygam|H$mo Xw…I Z XoZm, A{nVw naXw…IàhmUoÀN>m, naY‘©g{hîUwVmAm{X ^ao nSo> h¢; {H$ÝVw ‘mohOÝ` Ah§ loîR>Ho$ ^mdgo H$bh hmoVm h¡. Y‘m]Ho$Ë`mJgo {dídempÝV Zht h¡. A{nVw naY‘©g{hîUwVm nyd©H$ ñdY‘©‘| gË`{ZîR>mhr {dídempÝVH$m ‘yb h¡. AZrídadmXr ~m¡Õm{X J«ÝWm|‘| ^r gd© eyÝ`VmHo$CnXoego g^r od^mdm|H$m {ZfoY ñdV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡. `h {Z~ÝY {dídHo$àË oH$ OZHo${bE CnmXo h¡. BgH$m àMma hmoZm Mm{hE.

‘Zwî` ~m¡{ÕH$ àmUr h¡ VWm ‘Zwî` Ym{‘©H$ àmUr h¡. o XmoZm| ~mV| h¢. na{dídempÝV Vmo ‘Zwî`H$s ~m¡{ÕH$Vm Ed§ Ym{‘©H$Vm Ho$ gm‘ÄOñ`go hr gå^dh¡. Cg gm‘ÄOñ`H$m ñdê$n ñdY‘©{ZîR>mnyd©H$ naY‘©g{hîUwVm hr h¡.lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo CÚmZ Am{XH$m ÑîQ>mÝV XoH$a ~So> hr gwÝXa T>§Jgo {díd‘|Y‘©{d{dYVm {dídHo$ gm¡ÝX ©n[anyU©VmH$m hr hoVw h¡ `h g‘Pm`m h¡. AZoH$nwînd¥jm|go CÚmZ O¡go emo m nmVm h¡; AZoH$ ^ú`, no , boø, Mmoî` dñVwAm|go O¡go AÝZ^ÊS>ma emo m nmVm h¡ d¡go g^r Y‘m]go {díd gwÝXa h¡. CZH$m ahZmna‘mdí`H$ h¡. `hr B©ídar` {dYmZ h¡. na Xå^m@h§H$ma, ‘moh, AmË‘‘m{ZVmg^r H$bhH$m ~rO h¡. `ËZ nyd©H$ BgH$m n[aË`mJ Ano{jV h¡. Bg à~ÝYgo{díd‘| empÝVH$m CnXoe {X`m J`m h¡.

9.~«÷ `m ~«÷mÊS> Am¡a ‘Zwî`Ho$ ApñVËdH$s ImoO(EH$ dmëb^ÑpîQ>): ‘Zwî`‘| {MaÝVZ H$mbgo hr ""AZÝV ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gmW ‘oam Š`m gå~ÝY h¡?

‘¢ H$m¡Z hþ§? VWm `h {díd ~«÷mÊS> H$hm§go àd¥Îm hþAm h¡? BgH$m Š`m à`moOZ?BgH$m H$Vm© H$m¡Z h¡?'' Bg àH$maH$s {Okmgm ñd^mdV… XoIr OmVr ahr h¡.boIH$Zo àW‘ {OkmgmH$mo ì`pîQ> nj ‘mZH$a AmË‘{Okmgm eãXgo H$hm h¡.~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gmW ì`pîQ>H$m gå~ÝY. Xygam g‘pîQ> nj h¡. {OgH$mo "na‘mË‘{Okmgm'eãXgo H$hm OmVm h¡. ""qH$ pñdX² dZ§ H$ C g d¥j AmgrX² `Vmo Úmdmn¥{Wdr {ZîQ>Vjw…, ‘Zr{fUmo ‘Zgm n¥ÀN>VoXw VX² `XÜ`{VîR>V² ^wdZm{ZYma`Z²'' (F¥$½doX10&81&4) AWm©V² dh H$m¡Z gm dZ Wm? dh H$m¡Z gm d¥jWm? {OgH$mo H$mQ> N>m§Q> H$a o AmH$me n¥{Wdr bmoH$ ~Zm o J o. H$^r AnZoAmngo nyN>H$a Vmo XoImo {H$ BZ wdZm|H$mo YmaU H$aZo dmbm H$hm§ IS>m h¡?CgH$m AmYma Š`m h¡?'' Bg Vah àíZmonñWmnH$ `h ‘ÝÌ h¡.

""~«÷ dZ§ ~«÷ g d¥j AmgrX² `Vmo Úmdm n¥{Wdr {ZîQ>Vjw; ‘Zr{fUmo‘Zgm {d~«dr{‘ dmo ~«÷mÜ`{VîR>V² wdZm{Z Yma`Z²''. AWm©V² dh dZ ~«÷Wm. dh d¥j ^r ~«÷ Wm {Ogo H$mQ>-N>m§Q> H$a o AmH$me Am¡a n¥{Wdr bmoH$~ZmE J o h¢. {dÛmZm| AnZo gÀMo ‘Zgo EH$ ahñ` Vwåh| H$hVm hÿ§, BZ wdZm|H$moYmaU H$aZo dmbm ~«÷na IS>m h¡. ~«÷ hr CgH$m AmYma h¡. Bgr VahídoVmídVamon{ZfX²H$m dmŠ` h¡ ""› ~«÷dm{XZmo dXpÝV, qH$ H$maU§ ~«÷ Hw$V…ñ‘ OmVm…, Ordm‘ Ho$Z Šd M gåà{VîR>m, A{YpîR>Vm Ho$Z gwIoVaofw dVm©‘ho~«÷ {dXmo ì`dñWm‘². H$mb… ñd^mdmo {Z`{V ©ÑÀN>m, yVm{Z `mo{Z… nwéf B{V{MÝË`m…, g§`moJ Efm§ Z ËdmË‘^mdmXmË‘m@ß`Zre… gwIXw…I hoVmo…. VoÜ`mZ`moJmZwJVm Aní`Z² XodmË‘epŠV§ ñdJwU¡{Z©JyT>m‘², `… H$maUm{Z {ZIbm{ZVm{Z H$mbmË‘ wŠVmÝ`{Y{VîR>Ë oH$…'' (ídoVm.Cn.3).

{dÛmZ boIH$Zo CŠV àg“‘| nwamVZ nyamonr` {dMmam|go boH$a AmO VH$dmëb^ doXmÝV gå~ÝYr AdYmaUmAm|H$s VH©$g§JV ì`m»`m àñVwV H$s h¡.‘Zwî` hr AmË‘dmZ² àmUr h¡ Š`m|{H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ² {dMmaerb àmUr h¡. ‘Zwî oVaàm{U`m|‘| AmË‘m Zht hmoVr h¡, do `ÝÌdX² ì`dhma H$aVo h¢. yZmZr {dMmaH$m|Zo

32 33

‘mZm h¡ {H$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| ‘Zwî` hr AHo$bm VH©$-{dMmaerb àmUr h¡. ^maVr`{MÝVH$ ‘Zwî`Vm‘| Ym{‘©H$VmH$mo àYmZ ‘mZVm h¡. ""Y‘}U hrZm… new{^…g‘mZm…''. ~mB{~bHo$ AZwgma g¥pîQ>‘| ‘Zwî`H$m {Z‘m©U g¥pîQ>à{H«$`mH$m Ma‘{~ÝXw h¡. g‘J« g¥pîQ> ‘Zwî`Ho${bE h¡. BVa àmUr ^r ‘Zwî`Ho${bE h¡. BZ g‘J«VÏ`m|H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘r‘m§gm àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| H$s J`r h¡. ""‘Zwî` EH$ {dMmaerbàmUr h¡'' {H$ OJh `h YmaU hmoVr J`r {H$ ""‘Zwî` EH$ nmnerb àmUr h¡''.EH$ em`a H$s CpŠV h¡ ""{OÝXJr Š`m h¡ JwZmho AmX‘. {OÝXJr h¡ Vmo JwZhJmahÿ§ ‘¢''. g^r VÏ`m|H$m H«$‘e… Eo{Vhm{gH$ {dMmaHo$ ~mX boIH$Zo g~H$mg‘mYmZ ewÕmÛ¡V‘| {H$`m h¡. boIH$Ho$ eãXm|‘| ""nwar g¥pîQ>‘| H$ht H$moB© nmn-‘m`m e¡VmZ H$s H$mañVmZr Zht h¡, H$ht H$moB© ½bm{Z Zht h¡. gmar g¥pîQ> EH$ghO brbm h¡. à`moOZ a{hV h¡. EH$H$m AZoH$ ê$nm|‘| n[aUV hmoZm h¡. ñd §H$mñd §Ho$ gmW EH$ Am§I-{‘Mm¡ZrH$m Iob h¡ ...'' BË`m{X nR>Zr` h¡.

dmëb^doXmÝV Bg gÝX^©‘| Xmo ‘hËdnyU© {gÕmÝVgyÌ àXmZ H$aVm h¡1.kmZÑpîQ>go XoIZo na ~«÷ hr ñd § OJX²ê$ngo hþAm h¡. ào‘ÑpîQ>go XoIZm hmoVmo EH$mJ« ÑpîQ> Ano{jV h¡. A{Ve` ñZoh ÑpîQ>go Ho$db ~«÷ hr ÐîQ>ì` h¡ AÝ`Zht. 2.AJ{UV AmZÝX ~«÷ h¡. CgH$s àmpßVHo${bE {MÎm‘| JdËào‘ gånm{XVH$aZm nSo>Jm. ào‘ g§d{bV {MÎm‘| JdmZ² A{Vamo{hV h¢. Cgo ImoOZoH$s Amdí`H$VmZht nSo>Jr. Bg Vah `h ‘hËdnyU© {Z~ÝY Bg dmëb^ {gÕmÝVna n ©d{gVhmoVm h¡ {H$ ~«÷mÊS> ~«÷ n[aUm‘ h¡. dh ^Jdëbrbm h¡. Cg‘| gd©Ì ~«÷AZwJV h¡. ‘Zwî`mW© ~«÷mÊS> Zht h¡. g‘ñV OS> dJ© ^JdmZ²H$s Am§{eH$A{^ì`pŠV h¡. g^r Ord ^JdX§e h¡. gmam àmUr OJV² na‘oídaHo$ M¡VÝ`m§egoàH$m{eV hmo ahm h¡. CgrHo$ AmZÝXm§ego Or{dV h¡. CgrH$s AmZÝXm§eH$sAZw y{V H$aVm h¡ ""H$mo øoÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mV² `Xof AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV².''

10.gË`Ho$ H${Vn` AZyR>o Am`m‘: àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| {dÛmZ boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo gË` nXmW©JV ‘V oXm|H$s

d¡Xwî`nyU© g‘rjm H$s h¡. gË` XoeH$mbm{X n[aÀN>oX eyÝ` nXmW© h¡ AWdmVËn[aÀN>oX g{hV? gË`Ho$ gmW AZw^y`‘mZ XoeH$mbm{X n[aÀN>oXH$ Š`mgË`Ûmam gË`‘| hr n[aH$pënV hmoZogo gË` h¢? AWdm ñd § MoVZ‘| VX{V[aŠV

AÝ` gË` dñVwH$m A^md h¡? Bg Vah gË`Ho$ AW©‘| d¡{dÜ` h¡. Bgr VahgË`, ^md, gËd F¥$V² gå`J² BË`m{X nXm|go ~moÜ` AWm]‘| EH$Vm h¡, `m{d{^ÝZVm h¡? BZ g^r VÏ`m|H$m emñÌr` àm‘m{UH$ {dMma Bg à~ÝY‘| {H$`mJ`m h¡.

A‘aH$mof‘| ""gË § VÏ § F¥$V§ gå`H²$'' Eogm "gË`' eãXH$m n`m© {X`mJ`m h¡. CgH$s am‘ml`r ì`m»`m‘| BZ nXm|H$s ì wËn{Îm Xr J`r h¡. ""g{VgmYw=gË`‘². VWm (gË`o) gmYw VÏ`‘². A`©Vo ñ‘ F¥$ JVm¡ ŠV… F¥$V‘².g‘ÄO{V g§JÀN>Vo AÄMwJVm¡ pŠdZ²=gå`H²$''. Bggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ oMmam| eãX n`m© h¢. na AWm]‘| {H$pÄMX² oX Adí` h¡.

d¡{XH$ ^mfm‘| `mñH$Zo ""dfQ²> F¥$V² gÌm BËWm F¥$V'' o gË`Ho$ n`m©{JZm o h¢. ""gË`Zm‘m{Z CÎmam{U fQ²>'' ({ZéŠV3&3&10) BZ n`m© m|‘| ^r{H$pÄMX² oX Adí` h¡. àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| boIH$Zo "gË`' à`moJ oXm|H$mo {XImH$agË` Ed§ àkm H$m ñdê$n Ed§ nañna gå~ÝY Xem© m h¡. "gË`' eãXmW© ~«÷h¡. ""gË § kmZ‘ZÝV§ ~«÷'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1). gË` kmZê$n An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoVmh¡. dh ~«÷ ñdoÀN> ¡d ñdg¥îQ> nXmWm] ‘yVm‘yVm}‘| à{dîQ> hmoH$a ‘yV© Ed§ A‘yV©hmo J`m. AV… `h Omo Hw$N> h¡ gË` h¡. ""gmo@H$m‘`V²... gË`{‘Ë`mMjVo''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6).

boIH$Ho$ AZwgma ~«÷ Ed§ VX{^ÝZ {Z{‘ÎmmonmXZH$ OJV² Omo A{hHw$ÊS>bdV²h¡, gË` h¡. CZ ‘yVm©‘yV© ê$nm|H$m ""AWmV AmXoemo Zo{V Zo{V'' Ho$ Ûmam {ZamH$aUZht h¡. ""Zo{V Zo{V''Ho$ Ûmam ~«÷H$s àH¥$V EVmdVmH$m {ZfoY h¡. Vñ‘mV², ~«÷Ed§ VËn[aUm‘ yV² OJV² gË` h¡. XmoZm|H$s gË`Vm EH$ h¡.

AÛ¡V ‘VHo$ AZwgma gË`Vm {ÌYm h¡. 1.nma‘m{W©H$s 2.ì`mdh[aH$s3.àm{V^m{gH$s. {ÌH$mbm~mÜ`Ëdê$n nhbr, ~«÷à‘m{V[aŠVm~mÜ`Ëdê$n Xygar,à{V^mgeara‘mÌm Vrgar h¡. gË`Vm Ho$db {MÝ‘mÌ ~«÷{ZîR>m hr h¡. ‘yVm©‘yV©OS> dJm]‘| {MÝ‘mÌ~«÷{ZîR> gË`Vm hr ^m{gV hmoVr h¡. Cgo hr ì`dhmamnoj`m

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ì`mdhm[aH$s H$hVo h¢. àm{V^m{gH$s gÎmm ^r ewŠË`dpÀN>ÝZM¡VÝ` gÎmm hr h¡,A{V[aŠV Zht h¡. EH$ hr gÎmmê$n gË`-~«÷‘| ì`mdhm[aH$-à{V^m{gH$Cnm{YdemV² gË`Vm‘| oX ‘mZm OmVm h¡. g§jonemaraH$H$maZo ^r ñnîQ> {H$`mh¡ ""AmH$memXr gË`Vm VmdXoH$m àË`L² >‘mÌo gË`Vm H$m{MXÝ`m''(g§jonem.1&178). AÛ¡VdmX‘| A{hHw$ÊS>bdX² oXm oXdmX gå‘V Zht h¡. `hm§A{dH¥$V n[aUm‘dmX Zht h¡. A{dH¥$V ^r hmo, n[aUV ^r hmo `h ~m{YV h¡.gwdU©Hw$ÊS>b‘| r Hw$ÊS>bmË‘Zm AdñWmÝVa àmpßVê$n {dH$ma h¡ hr. ê$nmÝVamn{Îmhr {dH$ma h¡, AdñWmÝVamn{Îm Zht Bg‘| à‘mU Zht h¡. ""AWmV AmXoemo Zo{V-Zo{V''Ho$ Ûmam àH¥$V EVmdËd ‘yVm©‘yV©H$m hr à{VfoY h¡. ""AVEd ~«dr{V My :''‘| g¡ÝYdYZ ÑîQ>mÝVÛmam {MÝ‘mÌ ~«÷ñdê$n {Zê${nV h¡. dXVmoì`mKmV

XmofH$m boe ^r Zht h¡. lw{V hr {ZfoY H$aVr h¡ Vmo AÛ¡Vr Š`m H$ao.{déÕY‘m©{YH$aUËd ~«÷‘| ‘mZZodmbo dmëb^m|H$mo AÛ¡V‘| ì`mKmV H¡$go XrIOmVm h¡

AñVw `hm§ AÛ¡V à{VnmXZ‘| H$moB© AmJ«h `m VmËn © Zht h¡. A{hHw$ÊS>bdV²ÑîQ>mÝVna ñ‘¥V ~mVm|H$s Cnojm Z H$a h‘Zo H$h {X`m. A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX‘| ^r~«÷ hr gË` h¡. AÛ¡V‘| ^r ~«÷ hr gË` h¡. Xm|ZmoH$mo ~«÷H$s gË`Vm‘| boe ‘mÌ^r gÝXoh `m {ddmX Zht h¡. A~ ahr OJV² gË`VmH$s ~mV. OJV² lrh[aH$mñdê$n h¡. ñd`‘od lrh[a OJV²ê$ngo n[aUV hþE Bg {gÕmÝV‘| OJV² nma‘m{W©H$gË` h¡. Bg‘| AÛ¡VH$mo H$hm§ {damoY h¡. O~ AÛ¡VHo$ AZwgma OJV² JdËn[aUm‘Zht A{nVw {ddV© h¡, ^JdXmamo{nV ‘m`mH$m n[aUm‘ h¡ V~ Vmo OJV²H$s~«÷m{V[aŠV gË`Vm ‘mZZm VWm ~«÷dV² nma‘m{W©H$ gË`Vm ‘mZZm Ý`m`g§JVZht h¡. na àVr`‘mZ OJV²H$s gË`Vm Š`m h¡ Bgna AÛ¡V‘V H$hVm h¡ {H$ dh~«÷gË`Vm hr h¡. OJX²JVËdoZ à{V^m{gV h¡. Bg {ddoMZgo Vmo `hr {gÕ hmoVmh¡ {H$ OJV²H$s gË`Vm ~«÷gË`Vm hr h¡. A{V[aŠV gË`Vm Zht h¡. OJX²JVËdoZà{V^m{gV h¡. h dmëb^ Ed§ AÛ¡V XmoZm| njm|‘o A{ZamH¥$V h¡. OJV² na‘oídagoA{V[aŠV Zht `h dmëb^-AÛ¡Vr XmoZm| H$h|Jo. na OJV² ~«÷ê$n h¡ Eogmdmëb^ H$h gH$Vm h¡ na AÛ¡Vr Zht H$h gH$Vm h¡. dh H$hoJm, OJV²H$m ~«÷gooX Zht h¡. AWm©V² na‘mË‘gÎmm{V[aŠVgÎmmH$Ëd OJV²‘| Zht h¡. "" oX§ ì`mgoYm‘mo

Z M A oX§ ~«y‘…''. ^bm OS> OJV²go A oX H¡$gm? AmpIa OS> OJV² Ed§

VX{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ ~«÷‘| A oX ‘mZZo dmboH$mo ^r A{hHw$ÊS>bdX² oX ^rH$hZm hmoJm; `m Vmo `h H$hZm hmoJm {H$ OS> OJV²‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ gX§eHo$A{V[aŠV hmoZo na ^r {MX§e AmZÝXme§ {Vamo{hV h¢. Bg Vah ñdñdgåàXm`H$s‘mÝ`Vm AZwgma ñdñd‘VdmXm|H$m Aä wnJ‘ h¡.

àg“mÝVa hmoVm Om ahm h¡. {dÛmZ² boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOr gH$b doXmÝVHo$Ywa§Ya npÊS>V h¢. CZH$mo g^r VÏ` {d{XV h¢. ~«÷‘| OJV² AÜ`mamon Zht ‘mZmOmVm h¡. ""VX¡jV EH$mo@h§ ~hþñ`m{‘{V'' lw{VHo$ AZwgma OJV² A{dH¥$Vlrh[aH$m n[aUm‘ h¡ Eogm ñd{gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma gË` nXmW©H$m {ZU© {H$`m h¡.CZHo$ Bg ñVwË` à`mgH$s {OVZr àe§gm H$s Om` Aën h¡.

11.ZoMa EÊS> ’$ÝŠeZ Am°’$ ‘mBÝS> (dëb^doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma) h {Z~ÝY n[ag§dmX JmoîR>r‘| n{R>V h¡. h emñÌr` {Z~ÝY {dÛX²öX`mdO©H$

h¡. dmëb^ ‘V‘| ‘mBÊS>H$s àH¥${V Ed§ {dñVma Ed§ ñdê$n Š`m h¡ Bg na {dñV¥V{dMma {H$`m J`m h¡. "‘mBÊS>' A§J«oOr eãX h¡. {d{^ÝZ AWm}‘| {hÝXr‘| ^rBgH$m à`moJ MbVm h¡. "‘mBÊS>' {X‘mJH$m dmMH$ h¡. ""{X‘mJ ’o$b h¡''""{X‘mJgo H$m‘ bmo'' ""{Xb-{X‘mJ H$m‘ H$a ahm h¡'' ""‘mBÊS> R>rH$ Zht h¡''""hmQ>© R>rH$go H$m‘ H$a ahm h¡'' o g^r à`moJ {hÝXr‘| MbVo h¢. "hQ>©' {XbH$mn`m© Ed§ "‘mBÊS>' {X‘mJH$m dmMH$ h¡. g§ñH¥$V‘| `m dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| "‘mBÊS>'AÝV:H$aUH$mo H$hVo h¢. ""ñdmÝV§ ÑÝ‘mZg§ ‘Z:''Ho$ AZwgma öX` ‘Z: h¡.""‘Z: AÝV:H$aU-‘Zmo~wÕ² m{X oXoZ MVwYm© bú`Vo'' (gw~o.3&26&14). AV:"‘mBÊS>' nXgo AÝV:H$aUH$m J«hU h¡. öX` (‘Z) AÝV:H$aUH$m EH$ ^mJ h¡.

dmëb^ ‘V‘| Zm‘ê$nH$‘m©Ë‘H$ g‘ñV ànÄM, EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX~«÷Ho$ ""EH$mo@h§ ~hþñ`m‘²'' B{V ~hþ dZg§H$ën gm‘Ï ©go VËn[aUm‘ê$n ‘mZmOmVm h¡. `h A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ H$hm OmVm h¡. O¡go H$Q>H$-Hw$ÊS>bm{Xê$ngon[aUm‘‘mZ² gwdU© gwdU©ËdoZ A{dH¥$V ahVm h¡, AmH¥$Ë`m M {d{^ÝZ ê$n‘|n[aÑí`‘mZ ahVm h¡. dh AmH¥${V gwdU©go dmñV{dH$ VmXmËå`mnÝZ h¡.dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ VbmÝV nmpÊS>Ë` {d^y{fV lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ~hþV hr ñnîQ>eãXm|‘| dmëb^ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡.

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gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s ñdê$n, H$maU Ed§ H$m`© ê$n VrZ H$mo{Q>`m§ h¢.1.gd©‘yb ñdê$n H$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝVJ©V àW‘ kmZ-{H«$`mê$n Y‘©Û` {d{eîQ> EH$Y‘u na~«÷ na‘mË‘m lrH¥$îU h¢.

2.Xygar H$mo{Q> Cgr na~«÷H$s gÎmm-MoVZm Am¡a AZÝVVm ê$n Y‘© Ed§ Y‘uyV "Aja~«÷' Zm‘H$ h¡. Aja ~«÷H$s VrZ AdmÝVa H$mo{Q> ñdrH¥$V h¢: H$mb,

H$‘© Am¡a ñd^md. H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝVJ©V AR²>R>mB©g VËd ‘mZo J`o h¢:gËdm{XJwUÌ`gmå`mdñWm àH¥${V, nwéf, ‘hV², Ah§H$ma, nÄMVÝ‘mÌm,nÄM‘hm yV, XeopÝÐ` Ed§ ‘Z.

3.H$m ©H$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝVJ©V OS>dJ© Ed§ OrddJ© AmVo h¢. OS> g‘pîQ>-ì`pîQ>ê$noU{Û{dY h¡. OrddJ© ^r g‘pîQ>-ì`pîQ> ê$noU {Û{dY h¡.

BZ VrZm| H$mo{Q>`m|Ho$ n[aàoú`‘| AÝV:H$aU (‘mBÊS>)H$s Š`m pñW{V h¡.lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ñnîQ> {H$`m h¡ {H$ "AÝV:H$aU' nXdmÀ` VËd, H$maUH$mo{Q>à{dîQ> nwéfH$s A§e^mdmnÝZ ì`pîQ> MoVZmHo$ g§KmVê$ngo EH$ {d{eîQ>{MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n nXmW© h¡.

VmËn © h¡ {H$ àmUrHo$ g‘ñV {H«$`mH$bmnm|H$mo {ZînÝZ H$aZodmbm AÝV:H$aUVËd h¡. dh nwéfì`pîQ> M¡VÝ` VWm ‘hXh§H$ma ‘ZHo$ ì`pîQ>^mdmnÝZ H$m ©H$mg§KmV ê$n h¡. Bg{bE CgH$mo {MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n H$hm OmVm h¡. nmÄM^m¡{VH$eara‘| `h AÝV:H$aU ‘hËdnyU© VËd h¡. {Vamo{hV {MXmZÝXm§e A{Vamo{hVgX§e ~«÷, ‘Z… n ©ÝV CnmXmZ n[aUm‘^mdH$mo àmßV hmoVm h¡. nwéfHo$ gmpÝZÜ`hmoZo na Cg OS>ê$nmÝV:H$aU‘| ~«÷Ho$ {MX§eê$n M¡VÝ` g§H«$mpÝVgo dh MoVZdV²ì`dhmamonnmXH$ ~ZVm h¡. àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| AÝV:H$aUHo$ ñdê$nHo$ AZÝVa CgHo$g^r {H«$`m H$bmnm|H$s dmëb^‘VmZwgma VmpËdH$ ‘r‘m§gmH$s J`r h¡. àH¥$V{Z~ÝYgo lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ àJmT> nmpÊS>Ë`H$m CËH$f© àH$Q> hmoVmh¡.

H$m`©H$maU^md‘r‘m§gm (dmëb^doXmÝV VWm ~mê$H$ pñnZmoOm ‘VH$mVwbZmË‘H$ {d‘e©):

""H$m ©H$maU^md ({dÛV²n[aMMm©)'' h J«ÝW lrdëb^mMm © Q>ñQ>, ‘mÊS>dr-H$ÀN>go àH$m{eV hþAm h¡. n[ag§dmXJmoîR>r‘| {dÛmZm|Ho$ Ûmam {d{dY Xe©ZmZwgma{bpIV Ed§ n{R>V {Z~ÝYm|H$m g§J«h Ed§ CZHo$ Cna hþE JmoîR>r JV n[ag§dmXm|H$mg§J«h h¡. Bg‘| nyÁ` Jmoñdm‘rOrH$m Cn w©ŠV erf©H$dmbm {Z~ÝY àH$m{eV h¡.gmW hr Jmoñdm‘rOrH$m dmëb^‘VmonñWmZ nyd©H$ VpËgÕmÝV VËdXe©ZmË‘H$àmapå^H$ dŠVì` ^r àH$m{eV hþAm h¡.

Bg n[ag§dmX JmoîR>r‘| ‘¢ ^r CnpñWV Wm. gm¡ m½`go nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mdŠVì` gwZZoH$m Adga {‘bm Wm. AmnHo$ àmapå^H$ dŠVì` Ed§ dmëb^doXmÝVVWm pñnZmoOm ‘VH$m VwbZmË‘H$ {d‘e© BZ XmoZm| à~ÝYm|H$m A{Ve` ‘hËd h¡.

lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ AZwgma Xe©ZH$s ‘w»` àd¥{Îm `m gmonmZ {ÌYm àH$Q> hmoVoh¢: 1.AZw y{V 2.ì`m»`m Am¡a 3.CËàjm.

1.AZw^y{V bm¡{H$H$-Abm¡{H$H$ C^` {dd{jV h¡. 2.ì`m»`m ^r XmoVahH$s hmoVr h¢: nXì`m»`m VWm nXmW©ì`m»`m. 3.CËàojm à‘mU‘y{bH$m hrJ«mø h¡. `h g^r Xe©Zm|‘| ñd{gÕmÝVmZwgma lm¡VmZwJ«mhH$ VH©$Ûmam gå^d hmoVrh¡.

H$m ©H$maU ‘r‘m§gm‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$s ‘hËdnyU© ~mV h¡ {H$ lr‘X² mJdVHo$AZwgma ""‘mJm©ñÌ`mo ‘`m àmoŠVm… Z¥Um§ lo mo {d{YËg`m, kmZ§ H$‘© M^pŠVíM Zmonm`mo@Ý`mopñV H${h©{MV²'' VrZ gmYZ h¢: kmZ, H$‘© Am¡a ^pŠV.BZ‘| lr‘X² mJdVHo$ AZwgma hr ""{Z{d©ÊUmZm§ kmZ`moJ… H$‘© moJñVw H$m{‘Zm§,Z {Z{d©ÊUmo Zm{V gŠVmo ^pŠV`moJmo@ñ` {gÕX…''. {daŠVMoVm kmZHo$,H$m‘mgŠV H$‘©Ho$ VWm Omo Z {daŠV h¢ Z H$m‘mgŠV h¢ do ^pŠV`moJHo$A{YH$mar h¢. Bg‘| kmZ`moJ ~«÷H$m ñdê$nmZw{dYm`r h¡. H$‘© moJ ~«÷H$s Ho$db

38 39

brbmH$m AZw{dYm`r h¡. ^pŠV`moJ brbm Ed§ ñdê$n C^`mZw{dYm`r h¡.~mëb^ gå‘V H$m ©H$maU ì`dñWmH$mo ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moUgo XoIZm Mm{h o.

""{df`mo ^JdmZ² {df`Vm ‘m`m OÝ`o{V Z VÌ AmgpŠV… H$V©ì`m''""~«÷ê$n§ OJX²kmVì § ~«÷ OJVmo@{V[aÀ`Vo{V Z VÌmgpŠV… H$V©ì`m…'' Bg‘hmà wHo$ dMZmZwgma {df` ^JdmZ² h¡, na {df`‘| AmgpŠV Zht H$aZm Mm{hEA{nVw ^JdmZ²‘| hr AmgpŠV R>rH$ h¡. BgH$m Š`m VmËn © h¡ {H$ {df`m|‘|^JdÐÿn VWm ^JdX²~w{Õ H$aZogo VWm {df`m|‘|go {df`Ëd^mdHo$ Ë`mJZogo{df`{df`H$ AmgpŠV r JdXmgpŠV hr hmo OmVr h¡. AWm©V² g^r OJX²{df`H$mo^r ^JdX² VmXmËå`nÝZ VËgm‘Ï ©go {dVV ^Jdëbrbmê$n‘| XoIZm hr ^pŠVh¡. Xygar ^mfm‘| H$h| Vmo OJX²‘| ^JdëbrbmËdmZw y{V {h ^pŠV h¡. BgrH$mo"nwpîQ>' H$hVo h¢.

Bg {Z~ÝY‘| A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXHo$ Cna {dñVmago {ddoMZ {H$`m J`m h¡.Amaå^dmXm{XH$s AmbmoMZmnyd©H$ gËH$m ©dmXH$s ì`mnH$ g‘rjm VWm Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡.

Jmoñdm‘rOrH$s e¡br h¡ {H$ dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ {gÕmÝVm|H$s ‘r‘m§gm H$aVo hþEHo$dbmÛ¡V ‘VH$s AJ«møVm, AZwnnÝZVm VWm Aàm‘mÊ`H$mo ^r àX{e©V H$aVoMbVo h¢. Bggo AÛ¡{V`m|H$mo WmoS>m H$îQ> ^bo hr hmo gH$Vm h¡ na `h {H$grì`m»`mH$maH$m ñd^md Ed§ Y‘© h¡ {H$ dh gå~pÝYV g^r nhbwAm|na {dMmaàñVwV H$ao. Bg‘| amJÛofH$s ~mV Zht ahVr h¡. àH¥$V dŠVì`‘| ""‘¥{ÎmH$m BË odgË §'' VWm ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gd©‘²'' BZ lm¡V dMZm|H$s AX² wV ì`m»`m àñVwVH$s J`r h¡. ""‘¥{ÎmH$m BË od gË §'' H$m AW© h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z Zm‘ gË` h¡, KQ>H$m‘¥X²{dH$ma "YQ>-eamdm{X' Zm‘ gË` h¡ AWdm "‘¥{ÎmH$m' Zm‘ gË` h¡. ‘¥{ÎmH$mZm‘ hr gË` h¡, eof dmMmaå^U h¡ `h AW© dmëb^ ‘V‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ AZwgma H$m © {‘Ï`m `m gË` h¡ BgH$m {dMma hr Bglw{V‘| Zht h¡. "dmMmaå^U'H$m AW© h¡ dmJ²ì`dhma. ^bm dmJ²ì`dhma ‘mÌgo

{‘Ï`mËd H¡$go {gÕ hmoJm lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ AZwgma lr^JdX²nmXeL²H$amMm ©Zo"‘mÌ'nXH$m AÜ`mhma H$a "dmJmbå^Z‘mÌ‘²' {‘Ï`mËdH$s Cnn{Îm H$s h¡. nadhm§ "‘mÌ' nXH$m AÜ`mhma AZmdí`H$ àVrV hmoVm h¡.

Bgr Vah ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gdª VV² gË`‘² g AmË‘m VËd‘{g ídoVHo$Vmo''Bg dmŠ`‘| "VV²' nX AmË‘dmMr Zht h¡ A{nVw EoVXmËå` dmMr h¡. AmË‘mËd‘{g Zht h¡, A{nVw EoVXmË § Ëd‘{g h¡. ""EoVXmËå` Vw‘ hmo'' H$hZo na `hm§A§em§{eH$m VmXmËå` H$hm Om ahm h¡. Bg Vah lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ñd{gÕmÝV‘|CŠV lw{V`m|H$m AW© {H$`m h¡.

`hm§ w{‘H$m‘| BZ emñÌr` {df`m|na emñÌmW©H$m H$moB© àg“ Zht h¡. Z VmolrJmoñdm‘rOr, Omo g^r ‘Vm|go gX² md aIZo dmbo h¢; VWm g^r ‘Vm|H$sAÀN>mB`m|Ho$ nmaIr h¢, CZH$m {H$gr ‘V `m ì`m»`m na Amjon‘| VmËn © h¡.Cn w©ŠV ì`m»`m ^r CŠV lw{V`m|H$s g§JV h¡. {H$ÝVw Cn ©wŠV ì`m»`m gwZH$a‘wPo Hw$N> {ddjm Adí` hmoVr h¡ {OgH$mo ‘¢ àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm hÿ§. lw{VdmŠ`H$ënVéH$s Vah h¡. g^r doXmÝV CÝht lw{VdMZmoH$mo à‘mU‘mZH$a AnZm{gÕmÝV pñWa H$aVm h¡.

""dmMmaå^U§ {dH$mamo Zm‘Yo § ‘¥{ÎmHo$Ë od gË`‘²'' BË`m{X dMZm|H$m ì`m»`mZàH¥$V Cn{ZfX² emL²H$a^mî` Ed§ Amaå^Um{YH$aU emL²H$a^mî` ‘| ñnîQ>eãXm|‘|{H$`m J`m h¡. "dmJmbå^Z‘mÌ‘²' `h dmŠ` Cn{ZfX² mî`‘| h¡. `hm§ "‘mÌ'nXVmo ñd^mdVmo Xo h¡, AÜ`mhmabä` Zht h¡. ""‘¥{ÎmHo$Ë od gË §'' dmŠ`‘|"Ed'H$ma AdYmamUmW©H$ h¡. AdYmaU BVa{Zd¥{Îmnyd©H$ hmoVm h¡. AÝ``moJì`dÀN>oXH$mW©H$ EdH$ma h¡. `Wm ""nmW© Ed YZwY©a…'' `h nmWm©{V[aŠV‘|YZwY©aËdH$m ì`dÀN>oXH$ dmŠ` h¡. Cgr Vah ""‘¥{ÎmH$m BË od gË §'' KQ>eamdm{X{dH$ma‘| gË`ËdH$m ì`dÀN>oXH$ dmŠ` h¡. "B{V' nX KQ>eamdm{X {dH$mam|‘|AZwJV ‘¥{ÎmH$mH$m CnñWmnH$ h¡. AWm©V² KQ>-eamdm{X‘| ‘¥{ÎmH$mH$m AZwJ‘H$h¡. ""KQ>mo ‘¥V²'' ""eamdmo ‘¥V²'' BË`m{X ê$noU. ñdVmËn`© {ZH$mbZoHo${bE"‘mÌ'nX AÜ`möV Zht h¡.

40 41

dmëb^ ‘V ‘| ^r ""VXZÝ`Ëd‘maå^UeãXm{Xä`…'' (2&1&7) gyÌH$s^mdàH$m{eH$m~«÷gyÌd¥{Îm‘|:

""AVmo mo {dH$mañVX²dmMmaå^U§ Xmaä`Vo VXmaå^U§ H¥$Ë`ë wQ>mo~hþb{‘{V ~mhþbH$mV² H$‘©{U ë wQ²>. H$maUñ ¡d Zm‘Yo ‘². H$maU‘od{h VÎmXW©{H«$`m{gÕ² `Wª VoZ-VoZ ZmåZm ì`d{õ`Vo B{V H$maUmX²{^ÝZ§H$m ©‘², ZVw ñdoZ ê$noU H$maUmX² {^ÝZ‘². H$maUê$noU¡d gË § Z Vwê$nmÝVaoU''.

Bg gÝX © ‘| ^r ""H$maUê$noU¡d gË § Z Vw ê$nmÝVaoU'' Bg‘| ê$nmÝVa‘|gË`ËdH$m dmaU AdJV hmoVm h¡. ê$nmÝVa KQ> eamdm{X‘| gË`Ëd Zht h¡ `hAW© hmoVm h¡. `h EdH$mago hr gå^d h¡.

dmëb^‘V‘| H$m ©H$m {‘Ï`mËd A{^àoV Zht h¡. H$m ©H$maU‘| A oX=VmXmËå`A{^àoV h¡. H$m ©H$maU‘| gd©Wm A oX=EoŠ` ‘mZZo na H$m ©H$maU^mdmZwnn{ÎmhmoJr. "AZÝ`Ëd'eãXgo oXH$m {ZfoY hr AdJV hmoVm h¡, A oX ~moY Zht.AÝ`Wm VX oX `ht H$hm J`m hmoVm. emL²H$a ‘V‘| oXH$m {ZfoY h¡, A oXA{^àoV Zht h¡. {‘Ï`mËdmdJ‘ Vmo VËd~moYmV² àmH²$ {H$gH$mo h¡? eL²H$a^mî`‘|hr àH¥$V gyÌ‘| {bIm h¡: ""gd©ì`dhmamUm‘od àmJ² ~«÷mË‘Vm {dkmZmV²gË`ËdmonnÎmo…, ñdßZì`dhmañ od àmH²$ à~moYmV²''.

Bgr Vah ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gdª VV² gË § g AmË‘m'' dmŠ`‘| ^r "VV²'nXEoVXmËå`H$m ~moYH$ h¡, dhr gË` h¡, dhr AmË‘m h¡. ""dhr Vw‘ hmo'' `h AW©^r g§JV Zht bJVm h¡. "EVV²'nXgo àH¥$V gV² J¥hrV h¡, EVV² gX² AmË‘m `ñ`VV² EVXmË‘§ gË`^md… EoVXmËå § gXmË‘H$Vm BË`W©…. gd©{‘X§ ànÄM OmV§gX²~«÷mË‘H$‘². "VV²' nXgo ^r dhr àH¥$V gX² {dd{jV h¡. dhr gË` h¡. dhrgX² EH$‘odm{ÛVr` AmË‘m h¡. dhr Vw‘ hmo. `hr AW© g§JV bJVm h¡. AÝ`WmgÎmmXmËå` AmË‘m hmoJm. gå~ÝY H¡$go AmË‘m hmo gH$Vm h¡. Š`m ídoVHo$VwgXmË‘m Z hmoH$a gÎmmXmËå` h¡? A§em§{e^md ‘mZZo na ^r A§e AmË‘m h¡ Z{H$ A§em{e^md AmË‘m h¡. "VV²' nX àH¥$V ~w{ÕñWH$m nam‘e©H$ ‘mZm OmVmh¡. àH¥$V ~w{ÕñW Vmo dmŠ`maå^‘| gX² h¡. Z {H$ EoVXmËå` h¡. AñVw ñd-ñd

gåàXm`mZwgma hr Xme©{ZH$ g‘wXm` lwË`W© H$aVm h¡. ñd‘V ñWmnZgo BVa‘VHo$Amjongo VmËn © Z hmoZo na ^r CgH$m AmbmoMZ hmo hr OmVm h¡.

Bgr Vah VËd‘{gH$m ^r AW© lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ""VXmË‘H$mo@{g~«÷mË‘H$mo@{g'' {H$`m h¡. `hm§ "VV²' nXH$m VXmË‘H$ AW© bjUm Ho$ {~ZmgånÝZ Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… "VV²'nX Cgr àH¥$V gV²H$m Omo gË` h¡, AmË‘mh¡, ~moYH$ h¡.

Bgr dŠVì`‘| AmJo AmnZo lrdëb^mMm ©H$m dMZ ""AIÊS>mÛ¡V^mZo Vwgdª ~«÷¡d ZmÝ`Wm, kmZmX² {dH$ën~w{ÕñVw ~mÜ`Vo Z ñdê$nV…'' H$sì`m»`m H$s h¡: ""~«÷mËå`¡Š`Ho$ kmZgo {dH$ën~w{ÕH$m ~mY hmoVm h¡,{dH$ën~w{ÕJmoMa dñVwH$m ~mY Zht hmoVm h¡. gwdU© J«mhH$H$mo H§$H$U, H$Um© aUAm{X Am yfUm|H$s {dH$ën~w{Õ Zht ah OmVr h¡, Ho$db gwdU©J«m{hH$m ~w{Õ hrahVr h¡. naÝVw {OgH$mo gwdU© Mm{hE CgHo${bE Am yfU ~m{YV hm| Eogmdëb^doXmÝV Zht ‘mZVm h¡''.

`hm§ WmoS>m gm {ddoMZr` Adí` bJVm h¡. {dH$ën ~w{Õ Š`m h¡.""eãXkmZmZwnmVrdñVweyÝ`mo{dH$ën…'' Bg `moJgyÌHo$ AZwgma {dH$ënm»`m d¥{ÎmeãXkmZmZwnm{VZr VWm dñVw{df`go eyÝ` hmoVr h¡. ""amhmo… {ea:'' Am{X{dH$ën~w{Õ h¡. amhþ hr {ea h¡. `hm§ Omo fîR²>`W© oX~w{Õ h¡ dh ""amhmo…{ea…''dmŠ` KQ>H$ L>g² {d^pŠVê$n eãXkmZmZwnm{VZr h¡ VWm {df`dñVw oXgoeyÝ` h¡. Bgr Vah ""nwéfñ` M¡VÝ`‘²'' BË`m{X ~w{Õ`m§ {dH$ën~w{Õ H$hbmVrh¡. Eogr Xem‘| {dH$ën~w{ÕH$m {df` Zht ahVm h¡. {df`eyÝ`~w{Õ hr {dH$ën~w{Õh¡. ""amhmo… {ea…''‘| amhþ Ed§ {ea Ho$ EoŠ`kmZgo {dH$ën~w{Õ ~m{YV hþB© VmoCgH$m H$m¡Zgm {df` eof ah J`m {OgH$m ~mY Zht hþAm. {df`eyÝ`Vm‘| hrVmo {dH$ën~w{Õ hþB© Wr.

àH¥$V‘| ~«÷mË‘¡Š`kmZgo {H$g {dH$ën~w{ÕH$m ~mY hþAm? ~«÷ Am¡aAmË‘mHo$ oX~w{ÕH$m. `{X {dH$ën~w{Õ ‘mÌH$m ~mY hmo Vmo XmoZm|H$m oX Vmo ah

42 43

hr J`m. XmoZm|H$m oX gË` hr ahVm Vmo oX{df`H$ ~w{Õ {dH$ën~w{Õ H¡$gohmoVr?

gwdU© Am¡a H§$H$U ‘| ^r gwdU©go H§$H$Um{X{dH$ma {^ÝZ h¢ Eogr {dH$ën~w{Õh¡. H$m ©H$maUm oX ~w{Õgo oX~w{Õ ‘mÌH$s {Zd¥{Îm hmo J`r Vmo H$m ©H$maUH$m oXVmo ah hr J`m. Eogr pñW{V‘| H$m ©H$maUH$m gË` oX ‘mZZm hmoJm Omo dmëb^‘V‘|^r Zht ‘mZm OmZm Mm{hE. Vñ‘mV² ‘oao ‘Vgo {dH$ën~w{Õ ‘mÌHo$ ~mYgo hrVX²{df`H$ ~mY Adí` hmo OmV h¡ Š`m|{H$ VX² ~w{Õ‘mÌgo {df` àVrV hmoVmh¡. dh ~w{Õ Vmo {df`eyÝ` hr h¡. dh ~w{Õ Vmo eãXkmZmZwnm{VZr Wr. AV…{dH$ma~w{Õ `{X {dH$ën~w{Õ h¡, gwdU£Š` ~w{Õgo CgH$m ~mY hmoVm h¡ Vmo{df`H$s pñW{V H$hm§go hmoJr.

AmJo dmëb^doXmÝV ‘‘©k lrñdm‘rOrZo {H$VZm AZyR>m Ed§ öX`J«mhr VÏ`àH$Q> {H$`m h¡ {H$-brbmZy y{V hr ‘moj h¡. brbm‘| àH$Q> {df`m|H$s AZw y{V‘moj Zht h¡. àH$Q> {df`m|‘| ^Jdëbrbm AZw y{V ‘moj hr Zht A{nVw ‘mojmX{nA{YH$ h¡'' o g^r gÝX © {dÛX²J«mø h¢. Bg dŠVì` à~ÝY‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m{dMmad¡emaÚ, Ed§ {dMmaJ^raVmH$m A{Ve` àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

Bgr Vah ""dmëb^‘Vgo pñnZmoOmHo$ ‘VHo$ VwbZmË‘H$ {d‘e©'' Zm‘H${Z~ÝYHo$ AÜ``Zgo ^r A{YH$ ZdrZ kmZ am{e àH${Q>V hmoVr h¡. `h {Z~ÝYH$m ©H$maU^md {dÛV²n[aMMm© J«ÝW‘| àH$m{eV hþAm h¡. `hr Zht CZHo$ nydm}ŠVdŠVì`mo na Ed§ Bg {Z~ÝY na ^r hþE {dÛmZm|Ho$ n[ag§dmX (Amjon g‘mYmZ)^r àH$m{eV h¢. AnZo dŠVì`m| Ed§ {Z~ÝY na {H$ o J o {dÛmZm|Ho$ Amjonm|H$mnyÁ` Jmoñdm‘rOrZo à‘mUg{hV CÎma {X`m h¡. `h g^r n[ag§dmX {dÛmZm|ÛmamÐîQ>ì` h¢. CŠV {Z~ÝY‘| dmëb^doXmÝV gå‘V ~«÷dmX, {déÕY‘m©l`VmdmX,A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZVmdmX, A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX, gËH$maUVmdmX, gËH$m ©dmX,H$m`©H$maUVmXmËå`dmX, A§em§{eVmXmËå`dmX, Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mddmX,brbmW©g¥pîQ>dmX Am{X g^r VËdm|H$m Am¡n{ZfX²dmŠ`m|Ûmam à{VnmXZ H$a CZH$mpñnZmoOmHo$ {gÕmÝVm|go g‘Ýd` {H$`m h¡. lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m md h¡ {H$ pñnZmoOmH$m{gÕmÝV dmëb^doXmÝVmZwgmar h¡.

`h {Z~ÝY àmÀ`-àVrÀ`mo `{dY Xme©{ZH$m| Ûmam Ü o h¡. `hr Š`m|lrJmoñdm‘rOrHo$ g^r {Z~ÝY Ed§ CZHo$ gånmXH$s` boI `o g^r Xe©ZHo$^ÊS>maHo${bE AZwn‘ aËZ h¢.

Y‘© Xe©Z {dkmZ Am¡a H$bm ‘| agÑpîQ>H$m nj: `h AmboI ~¥hËH$m` gmaJ{ ©V h¡. ""agmo d¡ g… ag§ øodm § bãYm AmZÝXr

^d{V'' Bg lm¡VdMZgo na‘mË‘m agê$n h¡. añ`Vo AmñdmÚVo B{V ag….AmñdmX ^moJ h¡, ^moJ gmjmËH$ma h¡. AWm©V² AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘mH$m gmjmËH$maAmñdmX h¡. {dÛmZ² boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo Y‘m©{X‘| agÑpîQ>H$m nj àH¥$Và~ÝY‘| à{Vnm{XV {H$`m h¡.

gd©àW‘ ghO ^mfm‘| Y‘m©{XH$s n[a^mfm H$s J`r h¡: 1.ñWybHo$ ^rVaahZo dmbo gyú‘H$mo OmZZoHo${bE ‘mZd~w{Õ‘| MbVo ‘ÝWZ ({dMma) "Xe©Z' `m"VËdkmZ' H$hbmVm h¡. 2.gyú‘kmZmÝVa gyú‘~w{Õgm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo T>mbZoH$m‘ÝWZ ({dMma) "{dkmZ' H$hbmVm h¡. 3.ñWybmÝVd©Vu gyú‘H$s AZw^y{VàmpßVHo${bE öX`H$s Mhb-nhb Y‘© h¡. 4.gyú‘mZw y{VOÝ` Aì`ŠV AmZÝXH$moì`ŠV H$aZoHo${bE öX`mdO©H$ gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo T>mbZoH$m ì`mnma H$bm h¡. BgVah BZ Mmam|H$s n[a^mfmE§ H$s J`r h¢.

VWm, Xe©Z gyú‘ÐîQ>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. Y‘© gyú‘mÝVJ©V AmZÝXJ«hrVm ÐîQ>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. {dkmZ gyú‘ ~w{ÕHo$ gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo JT>Zodmbm òîQ>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. H$bm öX` gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo JT>Zodmbm òï>màH$Q> H$aZm MmhVr h¡. Bg Vah {dÛmZ² boIH$Zo Mmam|H$m {d oX à{Vnm{XV{H$`m h¡. `h {d oX Ed§ n[a^mfmE§ boIH$H$s bmoH$moÎma à{V^mH$m n[aMm`H$ h¡.

`h ñWyb gyú‘ Š`m h¡ Bg {Okmgm na lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umoê$no ‘yV©ÄMm‘yV©ÄM ‘Ë`©ÄMm‘Ë`©ÄM pñWVÄM `ÀM gÀM Ë`ÀM''

44 45

(~¥hXm.Cn.2&3&1) ‘yV©Ëdm‘yV©Ëdê$n ñWybgyú‘Ëdm{X {damo{YY‘m]H$m A{YH$aU~«÷ hr h¡. Cgr‘| gd©{damo{YY‘© àH$Q> hþE h¢.

Vmo Š`m XmoZm| hr gË` h¢ `m BZ‘|go EH$ {‘Ï`m h¡. Bg na Jmoñdm‘rOrZo""AWmV AmXoemo Zo{V-Zo{V'' lm¡VdmŠ`H$m g§Mma H$a {bIm h¡ {H$ CŠV XmoZm|{damoYr Y‘m}‘|go {H$grH$m ^r {ZfoY A{^àoV Zht h¡. ""Z B{V, Z B{V'' BgHo$Ûmam Ho$db ‘yV© ~«÷ h¡ `m Ho$db A‘yV© ~«÷ h¡ BZ XmoZm| ~mVm|H$m {ZfoY hmoVmh¡. gV² ì`ŠV Ed§ Ë`V² Aì`ŠV h¡. BZ XmoZm|H$mo {‘bmH$a gË` àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.gV²+Ë`V²=gË`.

Bg Vah h‘ XoIVo h¡ {H$ ‘yVm©‘yV© A‘¥V‘Ë`m©{X {damo{YY‘m]H$mo EH$-Xygao‘|OmZ boZoHo${bE {dMma hr g‘J« gË`VmH$s ImoO h¡. CgrH$mo Y‘© Xe©Z H$bm Ed§{dkmZ {d{^ÝZ ê$ngo àX{e©V H$aVo h¢. Ed§ {dY ‘yV©Ëdm‘yV©{damo{YY‘m©{YH$aUgË` ~«÷H$s AdJ{VHo$ {dZm AWm©V² ‘yVm©‘yV©ê$n g‘J« ~«÷H$s AZw y{VHo$ {dZmXe©Z {dkmZ Y‘© Am¡a H$bm ‘| ag àH$Q> Zht hmoVm h¡. BgH$m VmËn © h¡ {H$ dh~«÷ hr ag h¡. CgrH$mo àmßV H$a AmZÝXdmZ² hþAm Om gH$Vm h¡. EgHo$ kmZHo${dZm Xe©Z H$bm Am{X ’$sHo$ h¢. agê$n na‘mË‘mH$m AZw d Z Vmo Ho$db AÛ¡V‘|Z Vmo Ho$db Û¡V‘| gå^d h¡, A{nVw ~«÷H$s ‘yVm©‘yV© g‘J« ê$ngo AZw y{V‘|gå^d h¡. `h g‘J«VmH$s AZw y{V dmëb^‘V‘| gå^d hmo gH$Vr h¡.

Y‘©‘| ag ÑpîQ>: ""`Vmo@ä wX`-{Z…lo g{g{Õ… g Y‘©…'' `h Y‘©H$m bjU h¡. bmoH$gm¡»`

VËgmYZ àmpßV Aä wX` h¡. na‘mW© JdËdàmpßV {Z…lo g h¡. ""EH$ AmË‘m~hþYm ñVy Vo EH$ñ`mË‘Zmo AÝ o Xodm àË`“m{Z ^dpÝV...'' ({ZK.{Z.7&1&4)Bg `mñH$ dMZHo$ AZwgma Zm‘ê$nmË‘H$ Û¡VHo$ ^rVa EH$ gd©Zm‘m gd©ê$ngd©H$‘m© na‘mË‘mHo$ AÛ¡VH$mo ‘mÝ` H$aZm hr Y‘©‘| agÑpîQ> h¡. agÑpîQ>H$m AW©g‘J« na‘mË‘ÑpîQ> h¡. Z Ho$db EoH$mpÝVH$ Û¡V Z Vmo Ho$db EoH$mpÝVH$ AÛ¡V ‘|na‘mË‘mH$m g‘J« ê$n gå^d h¡.

na‘mË‘mHo$ kmZ, ~b, Eoíd ©, AmZÝX, AZwJ«h Am{X gyú‘ê$noU àË oH$ñWyb‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¢. `h VÏ` emñÌm|Ho$ g‘rMrZ AÜ``Zgo A{Vamo{hV h¢.

Xe©Z‘| agÑpîQ>: Cn{ZfXm|H$m Xe©Z, Û¡V, AÛ¡V XmoZm|H$mo nma‘m{W©H$ ‘mZH$a àd¥Îm h¡. AmO

d¡gm Zht h¡. h‘mam VËd{MÝVZ EH$m“r hmo J`m h¡. gH$b Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZm^`§H$a h¡. doXà{Vnm{XV {d{Y{ZfoY gmYZ gm‘J«r Am{Xgo nbm`ZdmXH$mAmaå^ hmoZo bJVm h¡. AV… A{V AÛ¡VdmXH$s {ZîR>m {dídñVana {d’$b h¡.`h dmX Y‘©, AamÜ`Xod, gmYZmàUmbr Am{X‘| {ZîR>mH$m KmVH$ h¡. EogrAÛ¡VdmX‘| Vmo agÑpîQ> Š`m hmo gH$Vr h¡. Cgr Vah Ho$db Û¡VdmX ^r {ddmXH$m‘yb h¡. Cn{ZfXm|H$m {MÝVZ Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZH$a AÛ¡VH$mo nwañH¥$V H$aZoH$mZht Wm. gdm©ZwJV EH$ VËd AÛ¡VH$mo N>moS>H$a Û¡V‘mÌH$s AdYmaUm ^rAm¡n{ZfX Zht Wr. Ho$db Û¡V `m AÛ¡V

AY©gË` h¢.

Cn{ZfXm|H$s ÑT>^mdZm `h h¡ {H$ EH$ hr ~«÷‘| AZoH${dY {damoYm^mgrJwU ahVo h¢. ""AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo'' ""AUmoaUr`mZ² ‘hVmo ‘hr`mZ²''BË`m{X dMZ CXmhaU h¢. AV: An[ag§»`o` {d{dY {damoYm^mgr ê$nm|H$m{d{eîQ> g§ moOZ ~«÷ h¡. VX²ÑpîQ> hr agÑpîQ> h¡. gag am‘brbm, H¥$îUbrbmAm{XH$m ÐîQ>m `{X Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr h¡; Omo brbmH$mo {‘Ï`m H$hVm h¡ Cgo Cg‘|agmZw^y{V Zht hmoJr Ho$db agm^mg hmoJm. dhm§ dh brbmam‘ Z ~ZH$aAmË‘mam‘ ~ZZm MmhVm h¡. n[aUm‘ h hmoVm h¡ {H$ Z dh AmË‘mam‘ ~Z gH$Vmh¡ Z Vmo brbmam‘ hr Š`m|{H$ brbm {‘Ï`m hr h¡ Am¡a AmË‘m‘| EH$mH$s a‘Uhmo hr Zht gH$Vm h¡.

VÏ` Vmo `h h¡ {H$ ñd § AÛ¡Vñdê$n na‘mË‘mZo AÛ¡V {ZOmZÝX{gÝYw‘|Zm‘ê$nmË‘H$ Û¡VH$s AZoH$ AZÝV na‘mZÝXê$n bha| àH$Q> H$s h¢. dhr CgH$sbrbm h¡. Bg CX² wV brbm‘| ÐîQ>m O~ VmXmËå`^mdñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ VmodmñV{dH$ agmZw^y{V hmoVr h¡. Cn{ZfXm|Zo OS> Ed§ MoVZ ê$n g¥pîQ> Am¡a

46 47

AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘m‘| A~m{YV K{ZîR> VmXmËå` {XIm`m h¡- ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§gdª VV² gË § g AmË‘m VËd‘{g ídoVHo$Vmo'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&6).

AWm©V² `h g~ Hw$N> EVXmË‘H$ h¡. dh AmË‘m h¡. Am¡a Vw‘ ^r dhrEVXmË‘H$ hmo. ""Ah§ ~«÷mpñ‘'' Bg gmYZmdmŠ`H$m ^r VmËn © Ah§H$mamË‘H$OrdmË‘mHo$ AÛ¡V‘| Z hmoH$a OrdmË‘m na‘mË‘mHo$ ~rM VmXmËå` naH$ hr h¡.VmXmËå` oXm oX K{Q>V h¡.

{dkmZ‘| agÑpîQ>: lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$m àH¥$V à~ÝY {demb h¡. `h AnZo Amn‘| EH$ gwgå~Õ

J«ÝW h¡. BgH$m Ame` {ZH$mb nmZm h‘mao O¡go Aën‘{Vgo AeŠ` h¡. {’$a ^r{dñV¥V JJZ‘| njr ñdnjdb^a CS>mZ ^aVm hr h¡. ‘¢ Hw$N> d¡gm hr à`mgH$aVm hÿ§.

{dkmZ AW©{d{eîQ> kmZ h¡. kmZgm‘mÝ` kmZH$m dmMH$ h¡. kmZ‘| O~"{d' CngJ©H$m `moJ hmoVm h¡ Vmo dh {d{eîQ> kmZ H$hbmVm h¡. {d{eîQ> kmZH$mAW© h¡ {H$ {ZpíMV ar{Vgo {H$ o J o narjU `m {ZarjU Ho$ ~mX {d{eîQ>{ZîH$f©. CgH$mo gË` h¡ `m {‘Ï`m Bggo VQ>ñW hmoZm Mm{hE. gË`mgË`H$m{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZm Xe©ZH$m H$m‘ h¡. na Xe©ZH$mo ^r narjU Ûmam {ZH$mbo J od¡km{ZH$ {ZîH$fm]H$m Ü`mZ Adí` hmoZm Mm{hE.

d¡km{ZH$ narjU dñVwAm|H$s g§íbofU-{díbofUH$s à{H«$`m h¡. CgHo${~Zm dñVwAm|Ho$ JwUY‘©H$m kmZ AeŠ` h¡. CXmhaUmW© earaH$s aMZmHo$ kmZHo${~Zm Mra’$mS> Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡. na Cg kmZH$m Cn`moJ àmUrHo$ CnH$ma‘| H$aZmCn wŠV h¡. Z {H$ H«y$a qhgm‘|.

ag{Zîn{Îm‘| gmYmaUrH$aUH$s ‘hÎmm A{YH$ h¡. gmYmaUrH$aUH$m VmËn ©AmË‘Vwë` ~w{Õ h¡. gåà{V {dkmZ Bg gmYmaUrH$aU~w{ÕH$mo X~mVm gm àH$Q>hmoVm h¡.

^maVr` Xe©Z Vmo agÑpîQ>H$mo {dH${gV H$aZoHo${bE OJVHo$ H$U-H$U‘|gmYmaUrH$aUH$m CnXoe XoVm h¡. ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1).gd©Ì ~«÷~w{Õ AmË‘~w{Õ aIZo na qhgmH$m H$moB© ñWmZ Zht h¡. AnZo Y‘©Zo ^rgd©Ì qhgmHo$ {ZdmaH$ gmYmaUrH$aU `m gd©Ì AmË‘ÑpîQ> Ho${bE nyOZr` Xodr-XodVmAm|Ho$ dmhZHo$ ê$n‘| {d{dY newAm|H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$`m h¡. `hm§ VH$ {H${Zîà`moOZ nÌ-nwînm{XH$mo VmoS>Zo na ^r gw~mo{YZrH$ma ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©ZoAënr`gr qhgm ‘mZr h¡ ""Aënr`gr qhgm'' (gw. 3&19&15).

Xe©Z Vmo g^r àm{U`m|‘| AmË‘mpñVËdH$mo ~VmVm h¡. na AmYw{ZH$ gO©ZH$moearaH$s Mra’$mS> H$aZo na AmË‘m CnbãY Zht hmoVr h¡. AV: dh AZmË‘dmXr~ZZm MmhVm h¡. Bgr Vah AmYw{ZH$ ~«÷mÊS>{dkmZ ^r ~«÷mÊS>‘| H$ht ^rB©ídaH$s CnbpãY Z hmoZogo AZrídadmXr ~ZZm MmhVm h¡.

Vmo Š`m Eogo d¡km{ZH$ {díbofUgo {H$gr emñÌH$mo AgË` ‘mZm Om gH$Vmh¡ {Og‘| AmË‘m Am¡a B©ída H$s gÎmm gd©Ì ~Vm`r J`r h¡?

~«÷mÊS>{dkmZH$s gyú‘ g‘pîQ>H$mo JdX²JrVm Ed§ mJdVnwamU ‘| "Aja~«÷'H$hm J`m h¡. EH$ Aja~«÷‘| AZÝVH$mo{Q> ~«÷mÊS> ‘mZo J`o h¢. {OZH$m{díbofU AmYw{ZH$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| A^r Zht hmo gH$m h¡. lm¡V emñÌm|‘| Omo""‘yV©ÄMm‘yV©ÄM''go agÑpîQ> à{Vnm{XV h¡ Cg ÑpîQ>H$s AmO {dkmZH$mo AË`ÝVAnojm h¡. CgHo$ {~Zm {dkmZ‘| agmZw y{V Agå^d h¡.

H$bm‘| agÑpîQ>: öX`Ho$ gwÝXa gm§Mo‘| gyú‘ `m ñWyb H$mo T>mbZo dmbo òîQ>mH$mo H$bmH$ma

H$hVo h¢. `h Jmoñdm‘rOrH$s H$bmH$maH$s n[a^mfm dñVwV: H$bmË‘H$ h¡.OJVH$m à^md EH$ H$bmH$maHo$ g§doXZerb öX`‘| O¡gm hmoVm h¡ d¡gm g§doXZeyÝ`‘mZdHo$ öX`‘| Zht nS>Vm h¡. gm{hË` emñÌHo$ AZwgma H$bmZÝXmZw y{V göX`

48 49

öX`H$mo hr hmoVr h¡. AÝ`H$mo Zht. AÝ` Vmo ZmQ>çm{^Z`embm‘| Iå^o-{XdmaH$s Vah g§doXZm eyÝ` hmoVo h¢.

{MÌ, ‘y{Îm©, H$mì`, Z¥Ë`, A{^Z`, dmÚ Am{X H$bmE§ h¢. H$‘²=AmZÝX§gÚ: bm{V àmn`{V B{V H$bm. Omo AmZÝXH$mo gÚ: àmßV H$am o dh H$bm h¡.

H$bm gmoX²Xoí` h¡ {H$ {ZéX²Xoí` h¡? Bg àíZHo$ CÎma‘| lrJmoñdm‘rOrH$mgwÝXa CÎma h¡""-doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma `h g¥pîQ> EH$ na‘oídaH$s H$bm h¡. CgH$mogmoX²Xoí` `m {Zê$X²Xoí` Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. dh Vmo AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘mH$sbrbm h¡. `h g¥pîQ>H$mì`H$mo H${dna‘oídaZo brbmHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> {H$`m h¡:""ní` Xodñ` H$mì § Z ‘‘ma Z Or ©{V''.

H$bm Ho$db AZwH¥${V Zht h¡ A{nVw ZyVZ g¥OZ² h¡. H${d ^maVrHo$ {df`‘|OJV² à{gÕ agemñÌ Ed§ Üd{ZemñÌ Ho$ ‘‘©k lr‘å‘Q>Zo H$mì`àH$me J«ÝWHo$‘“bmMaU‘| AX² wV ~mV H$hr h¡. ~«÷mH$s g¥pîQ>go H${d ^maVr {dbjU h¡.~«÷ g¥pîQ> {Z`{VH¥$V {Z`‘go a{hV h¡, {Z`{V àH¥${V h¡. CgH$m {Z`‘ nyd©-nyd©H$ënmZwgm[a ñdê$n, Xoe, H$mb, ’$b Aml` go {Z`pÝÌV h¡. {H$ÝVw H${dH¥${VBggo a{hV ñdVÝÌ h¡. H$ê$Um{X ag `Ú{n emoH$m{XñWm{`^md h¢, na H$mì`‘|d{U©V {d^mdm{Xgo do ^r AmZÝXXm`H$ hmoVo h¢. BgH$mo ‘å‘Q>mMm ©Zo ñdJ«ÝW‘|ñnîQ> {H$`m h¡. lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ^r àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| {dñVmago BgH$m dU©Z {H$`mh¡. ~«÷H$s g¥pîQ>‘| ‘Ywam{X fS²> hr ag h¢, do ^r é{Ma hr h¢, Eogm Zht h¡ naH${d ^maVr e¥“mam{X Zd agm|go é{Ma hr h¡. Bg àH$ma ì`L²>ç^yVì`{VaoH$mbL²H$mago lr‘å‘Q>Zo H${d^maVrH$s ‘hÎmm VWm CgHo$ gdm}ËH$f©H$mdU©Z {H$`m h¡. nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo Zdagm|Ho$ é{MaËdH$m {dñVmago ì`m»`mZ{H$`m h¡.

ag Š`m h ¡? BgH$m emñÌr` {dd oMZ, ^aV ZmQ ² >`emñÌH o $""{d^mdmZw^mdg§Mm[ag§`moJmX² ag{Zîn{Îm:'' Bg n§pŠVH$mo CX²Y¥V H$aVo hþElrJmoñdm‘rOrZo gwÝXa T>§Jgo {H$`m h¡. {d^md Ambå~Z Am¡a CX²XrnZ H$mo H$hVo

h¢. ""{d^md`pÝV aË`mXrZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ² AmñdmX`mo½`VmoÝ‘wIVm‘² AmnmX`ÝVr{V{d^mdm:''. AWm©V² göX`‘Zwî`Ho$ AÝV:H$aU‘| AmZÝXHo$ AL²Hx$añdê$n a{V-hmgm{X ñWm{`^md {dÚ‘mZ ahVo h¢. {d^md (Ambå~Z Ed§ CX²XrnZ) CgoAmñdmXH$s `mo½`VmH$s Am¡a CÝ‘wI H$aVo h¢.

Ambå~Z Zm`H$-Zm{`H$m h¡ CX²XrnZ ZXr, g‘wÐ CÚmZm{XH$m dU©Z h¡.

""AZw md`pÝV aË`mXrZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ² AmñdmX`mo½`Vm‘m{YŠ oZ AmnmX`pÝVo Vo AZw mdm:''. do ewÕgmpËdH$^md eãXgo ^r H$ho OmVo h¢. ñdoX, amo‘mÄM,

d¡dÊ ©, donWw Am{X AmR> AZw md {JZm o J o h¢.

""gÄMma`pÝV aË`mXrZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ² gm‘m{OHo$fw göX`ofw nyU©V`mAmñdmX`pÝV o Vo gÄMm[a^mdm:''. l‘, ‘X, OS>Vm Am{X V¢{Vg g§Mmar ^md{JZm o J o h¢. H$mì`àH$me, gm{hË`Xn©U Am{X J«ÝWmo‘| BgH$m dU©Z {dñVmagoñnîQ>V`m {H$`m J`m h¡. lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo ^r àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘| BgH$s {dñVmagoMMm©H$s h¡. `h {Z~ÝY göX`m|Ho${bE Adí` hr nR>Zr` h¡.

""{d^mdoZmZ w^mdoZ ì`ŠV: gÄMm[aUm VWm, agVm‘o{VaË`m{XñWm`r^md: gMoVgm‘²''. ^maV ZmQ>çgyÌ‘| {d^mdmZw^mdg§`moJmX²ag{Zîn{Îm‘| g§`moJHo$ H$B© {dÛmZm|Zo AZoH$ AW© {H$`o h¢. na AmMm`©A{^ZdJwßV‘VmZw m`r AmMm © lr‘å‘Q>Zo g§ moJH$m ì`L²>ç-ì`ÄOH$ ^md AW©{H$`m h¡. AWm©V² {d^mdm{X ì`ÄOH$ h¢. göX` gm‘m{OH$m|Ho$ AÝV:H$aU(‘Z)‘| AdpñWV aË`m{X ñWm{`^md agê$noUm{^ì`L²>ç h¢. ñWm{`^md O~ì`ŠV hmoVm h¡ Vmo agVm (AmñdmÚVm)H$mo àmßV hmoVm h¡. Ho$db aË`m{XAmñdmX`mo½` Zht h¢. gmYmaUrH¥$V {d^mdm{Xgo dh AmñdmX`mo½` hmoVm h¡.AmñdmX ^moJH$mo H$hVo h¢. ^moJ gmjmËH$ma h¡.

bmoH$‘| à{gÕ H$maU-H$m © O~ H$mì`H$bm‘| d{U©V hmoVo h¢ Vmo CÝho {d^mdAm¡a AZw md H$hm OmVm h¡. ag ^r Abm¡{H$H$ AmZÝX Zht h¡ A{nVw H$mì`JV

50 51

{d^mdm{XHo$ Ûmam eãXHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go A{^ì`ŠV AmZÝX {deofH$mo hr ag H$hVoh¢. Bg àg“H$mo {dÛmZ² boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo AnZr `eñdr boIZrÛmamAX² wV² T>§Jgo ì`ŠV {H$`m h¡.

boIH$H$m `h ^r {dMma h¡ {H$ O¡go Cn{ZfX²‘| agê$n ~«÷Ho$ {df`‘|{déÕY‘m©l`Vm d{U©V h¡. d¡go hr agemó‘| ^r ag{Zîn{Îm‘| ^r {déÕY‘©{d^mdm{X Y‘m©l`Vm d{U©V h¡. A{^Z` (àH¥$VmZwgma) Mma àH$maHo$ d{U©V h¢:H$m{`H$, dm{MH$, gmpËdH$ Am¡a Amhm ©.

ZmQ>H$‘| am‘m{XHo$ ê$n‘| ‘ÄMñW Hw$eb ZQ>H$mo XoIH$a H$m¡Zgr ~w{Õ hmoVrh¡, {Oggo bÁOm{XHo$ n[ahmanyd©H$ göX` gm‘m{OH$H$mo aggmjmËH$ma hmoVm h¡,Bg na {dÛmZ² boIH$Zo H$mì` àH$meH$maH$s n§pŠVH$m CÕaU {X`m h¡""am‘Edm`‘², A`‘od am‘: B{V, "Z am‘mo@`‘²' BË`m¡ÎmaH$m{bHo$ ~mYo"am‘mo@`‘²' B{V, am‘: ñ`mX² dm Z dm@`‘²'' B{V, "am‘gÑemo@`‘²' B{VM gå`L²>{‘Ï`mg§e`gmÑí`àVr{Vä`mo {dbjU`m {MÌVwaJm{XÝ`m`oZ"am‘mo@`{‘'{V à{VnË`m''. AWm©V² ""`h am‘ hr h¡'' Bg à‘mË‘H$ ~w{Õgo{dbjU, ""Z am‘mo@`‘²'' Bg àH$maH$s ~w{ÕHo$ CÎma H$mb‘| ~m{YV hmoZona ""A`‘od am‘:'' Bg {dn © ( «‘) ~w{Õgo ^r {dbjU, ""am‘: ñ`mX² dmZ dm'' Bg àH$maH$s EH$Y{‘©H$ {déÕZmZmH$mo{Q>H$kmZê$n g§e`go ^r {dbjU,""am‘gÑemo@`‘²'' BË`mH$maH$ gmÑí`~w{Õgo r {dbjU ""am‘mo@`‘²'' BË`mH$maH$àVr{V hmoVr h¡. `h àVr{V CŠV g^r ~w{Õ`m|H$s H$mo{Q>‘| Zht h¡. {MÌ{bpIVAídH$mo XoIZo na O¡gr ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ d¡gr hr àVr{V `hm§ Ano{jV h¡.

Bg H$mì`àH$meH$s n§pŠV na {dÛmZ² Q>rH$mH$mamoZo ~hþV {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡.`hm§ {dñVmago dU©Z AZmdí`H$ àVrV hmoVm h¡.

{dÛmZ² boIH$Zo agamO JdmZ² eL²H$aHo$ ñdê$n‘| Zdagm|H$s A{^ì`pŠVH$mgwÝXa dU©Z CnpñWV {H$`m h¡. VWm ZQ>da lrH¥$îUHo$ H§$gg^m^dZ‘| CnpñWV

hmoZo na H¡$go Zdagm|H$s A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr h¡ BgH$m ^r ‘m{‘©H$ dU©Z {H$`m h¡.`h g~ göX` {dÛmZm|Ho$ Ûmam öX oZ g§J«mø h¡.

ZmQ²>`m|‘| e¥“mam{X AmR> ag Cn wŠV h¡. lì` H$mì`m|‘| em§VH$mo {‘bmH$aZdag hmoVo h¢. lr‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Zo ^pŠVH$mo ^r agê$n‘| d{U©V {H$`m h¡.CgH$m {dñVmago dU©Z àH¥$V à~ÝY boIH$ lrJmoñdm‘rOrZo {H$`m h¡.

nyÁ` lrH$anmÌrOr ‘hmamOZo ^r ^pŠVH$mo ag ‘mZm h¡. "^pŠVagmU©d'Zm‘H$ ñdJ«ÝW‘| CÝhm|Zo BgH$m gm“monm“ {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡. àH¥$V {Z~ÝY‘|"^pŠVagËddmX' J«ÝWH$s n§pŠVH$m CÕaU XoH$a ^pŠVagH$mo ^r {gÕ {H$`mJ`m h¡. H$mì`àH$mem{X J«ÝWm|‘| ""Xodm{X{df`ma{V^m©d:'' Ho$ AZwgmaXodm{X{df`H$ a{VH$mo "^md' eãXgo H$hm J`m h¡. ^pŠVH$mo ag ê$n‘| ‘mÝ`VmZht h¡. AWdm e¥“ma ag‘| hr ^pŠVH$m AÝV^m©d hmo gH$Vm h¡. na `hwpŠVg§JV Ed§ AZw d Jå` Zht àVrV hmoVm h¡. AV: ^pŠVag ^r EH$

e¥“mam{X agm|go n¥WH²$ h¡.

""Cn{ZfX² ~«÷H$mo ag H$hVm h¡ ""agmo d¡ g:''. AV: ^pŠV EH$ Eogr H$bmh¡ {Oggo ~«÷ agê$noU Am{d y©V hmoVm h¡'' `h nyÁ` Jmoñdm‘rOrH$s n§pŠV h¡.BgH$m gmW hr ‘ ¢ n yÁ`MaU gd©emñÌnma“V {dÛmZ ², {de ofV…dmëb^doXmÝVVËd{ZîR>, na‘^ŠV, H¥$nmbw ‘¡Ìr ‘w{XVm H$ê$Umonojm d¥{Îmgo ahVohþE, amJÛofm{X d¥{Îm`m|H$mo n[aË`mJ H$aZo dmbo g‘ñV OJV‘| lrh[abrbmZw mdH$lrJmoñdm‘r í`m‘‘ZmohaOrHo$ MaUH$‘bm|‘| eVe… Z‘Z H$aVm hÿ§.

{dÛV² g‘mO CZHo$ à~ÝYm|go bm^mpÝdV Ed§ Jm¡admpÝdV h¡. {dÛV² g‘mOH$moCZH$s Bg VahH$s CËH¥$îQ> H¥${V`m|H$s ‘hVr Anojm h¡. `h {Z~ÝY g§J«hbmoH$monH$mar Ed§ {dÛV² g‘mOH$m H$ë`mUH$mar hmoJm Eogr ‘¢ H$m‘Zm H$aVo hþE‘¢ nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘r í`m‘‘ZmohaOrHo$ MaUm| H$‘bm|‘| dmŠ`nwînmÄO{b g‘{n©VH$aVm hÿ§.

52 53

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lm¡V§ dmëb^Xe©Z§ {edVa§ ZmÝ`V² na§ {ZpíMV‘²&dÝXo dëb^d§e yfU‘h§ lrí`m‘{ZîR>mna‘²&&2&&Z Û¡V§ Z M emL²H$a§ lw{V‘VmÛ¡V§ Z ~m¡Õm{XH$‘²&ewÕ§ ~«÷ h[a: g‘§ OJ{XX§ VV² gË`brbm ñd`‘²&brbmËdà{Vn{ÎmaÌ `{X gm àoîR>m M ‘mojmX{nnwpîQ>: gmYZ‘wÎm‘§ ø{^‘V§ `ñ`mZV: V§ gXm&&3&&ewÕmÛ¡Vh[a: ñd § n[aUV: brbmnQw>: ñdoÀN>`mZmZmê$nV`m VWmß`{dH¥$V: epŠV{l`m g§ wV:Y‘m©Um§ g {damo{YZm§ M OJVm‘mYma yV: na:àoîR>mo `ñ` VXr` nwÊ`MaUm¡ dÝÚm¡ g‘ñV¡ O©Z¡:&&4&&

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lreaX² Jmoñdm‘rOrHo$ MaUH$‘bm|‘| eVe: àUm‘ h¡ {OÝhm|Zo ‘wPo BgnwÊ`‘` kmZ‘` H$m © H$aZoH$m Adga àXmZ {H$`m. Amn gH¥$V² Xe©Zgo hr{Man[a{MV bJVo h¢. AnZo gX²ì`dhma Ed§ ‘YwadmUrgo gd©OZ{MÎmmdO©H$ h¢.BZH$s AmMm © Jmoñdm‘r lrí`m‘‘ZmohaOr‘| ‘hVr lÕm, AmñWm, {dídmg Ed§AmXaH$m ^md ahVm h¡. BZ XmoZm| {d y{V`m|Ho$ `moJgo dmëb^doXmÝVemñÌH$mì`m»`mZgo, JmoîR>rgo, J«ÝWàU`Zgo, J«ÝWàH$meZgo, J«ÝWm|Ho$ nmR>g§emoYZ {Q>ßnUr{hÝXr ^mfmZwdmXm{Xgo ~hþV CËH$f© hþAm h¡, hmoVm h¡ VWm hmoVm ahoJm. ‘¢Zo CZH$sJmopîR>`m|‘| ^mJ boH$a `h g~ àË`j {H$`m h¡. Jmoñdm‘rí`m‘‘ZmohaOrHo$gånm{XV ‘ybV: {bpIV AZy{XV ì`m»`mV doXmÝVJ«ÝWm|H$m VWm ñdVÝÌñdmonk a{MV {Z~ÝYm|H$m g§J«h Vmo ‘oao nmg ^r {dÚ‘mZ h¡. ‘¢Zo CZHo$ AÜ``Zgo~hþV Hw$N> grIm h¡. AV: `h g~ AW©dmX Zht h¡ A{nVw ñd^mdmopŠV h¡. ‘¢nwZ… AnZoH$mo m½`embr Ed§ à wH¥$nmH$m mOZ g‘PVm hÿ§ {H$ nyÁ` lrJmoñdm‘rZo‘wPo Hw$N> {bIZoH$m Adga {X`m.

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54 55

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ì wËn{ÎmHo$ gÝX ©‘| àH$Q> hmoVo) 1807. AÝV…H$aUH$m ñd^md Am¡a H$m ©H$bmn (ZoMa EÝS> ’§$ŠeZ² Am°’$

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BZ Xme©{ZH$ àË``m|H|$ nañna OÝ`OZH$m{X^md ^r gd©Ì nXmW©emñÌr` `mkmZemñÌr` H«${‘H$VmH$m AZwgaU H$aVo hr hm| Eogm A{Zdm`© Zht hmoVm.kmZ‘r‘m§gH$s` àË``m|H$mo nXmW©‘r‘m§gH$s` àË``m|Ho$ ~moYH$-hoVwV`m ñdrH$maZmAmdí`H$ hmoZm Mm{h o Wm. Xe©Zo{Vhmg, naÝVw, BgH$s Jdmhr gmd©{XH$ VÏ`Ho$ê$n‘| Zht XoVm. CXmhaUV`m OJËH$Vm© B©ídaH$m àË`` ^maVr` Xe©Zm|‘| nhbogo{dÚ‘mZ `m ñdrH¥$V ahm hr hmoJm; naÝVw, `h ghO gå^d bJVm h¡ {H$ EogoB©ídaHo$ eãX¡H$Jå` hmoZoH$s AWdm AZw{‘{VJå` ^r hmoZoH$s YmaUm, Mmdm©H$~m¡Õ m O¡Z gÑe AZrídadmXr Xe©Zm|Ho$ Ûmam H$s JB© AmbmoMZmAm|Ho$ àË`m»`mZmW©hr àH$Q> hþB© hm|Jr. AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ OJËH$Vm© B©ídaH$m nXmW©‘r‘m§gH$s`àË`` nyd©{gÕ hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg Eogo àË``H$m eãX¡H${gÕ m AZw{‘{V{gÕhmoZm ""‘o mW£d ‘mZ{g{Õ…'' hmo H$a CÎmaH$m{bH$ àË`` ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. `m|

""‘mZmYrZm ‘o {g{Õ…''Ho$ ‘mZXÊS>H$s Eo{Vhm{gH$ AdhobZmÛmam hr `h eŠ`hþdm hmoZm Mm{h o.

VÎmÝ‘Vm|‘| ñdrH¥$V à‘mH$aUm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$m àË`` EH$ A§Jrê$n àË``hmoVm h¡; Am¡a, à‘mUm|H$m àm‘mÊ` ñdV… hmoVm h¡ `m naV… `h Vmo àm‘mÊ`m§J yVàË`` hmoVm h¡. nwZ… Xe©Zo{Vhmg hr BgH$s gÀMr Jdmhr Xo nm oJm {H$ A§Jr yVVÎmV² à‘mUm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ àË`` Š`m nyd©H$m{bH$ Zht Wo? Š`m àm‘mÊ`KQ>H$VX§J yV ñdVñËd `m naVñËd Ho$ àË`` CÎmaH$m{bH$ {dH$mg Zht Wo? AWm©V²A§Jr yV àm‘mÊ`àË`` nhbogo {gÕdÎm`m ñdrH¥$V Wm Am¡a VX²KQ>H$ A§J yVàË`` ~mX‘| {dMmar JB© Cnn{Îm Wr ñnï> h¡ {H$ KQ>H$ A§Jm|Ho$ nyd©dVu hmoZoHo${Z`‘H$s AdhobZmÛmam hr `h gå^d hmo nm`m.

AV… ‘mZdr` {MÝVZàUmbr‘| aho Bg bMrbonZH$mo {H$ `hm§ Vm{H©$H$H«$‘m|H$m AZwgaU, amOmkm AWdm {H$Ýht AH$mQ²>ç VH$m]Ho$ {Z`‘m|Ho$ ~ÝYZ‘|~§Y H$a Zht {H$`m OmVm h¡, Eogm EH$ ~ma ñdrH$ma boZona AZw dV… VH©$V…`m H$mbV… ì`m¡ËH«${‘H$ {dH$mg ^r gå^d hmo hr gH$Vm h¡, `h VÏ` àH$Q>hmo OmVm h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| gd©Wm A{dñ‘aUr` VÏ` `hr h¡ {H$ ^maVr` Xe©ZH$m{dH$mg Mmho `moOZm~Õ ar{Vgo hþdm hmo `m Z hþdm hmo naÝVw CgHo$ {dH$mgH$sà{H«$`m‘| AZoH${dY `moOZm~ÕVm H$WpÄMV² àH$Q> Vmo hþ r hr h¢, Bg VÏ`H$mowbm`m Zht OmZm Mm{hE. g§jon‘| ~g BVZm hr h‘mao Bg {Z~ÝYH$m à{VnmÚgma

h¡.

Bg g§{jßV àmW{‘H$ ñnï>rH$aUHo$ gmW nyd©H$mb‘| ^r Omo ^maVà^d{d{^ÝZ Xme©{ZH$ {dMmaYmamAm|H$mo `moOZm~Õ H$aZoHo$ à`mg hþdo, CZna ^rWmo‹S>m-~hþV Ü`mZmH$f©U C{MV hr hmoJm.

àW‘Ñ{ï>: {dH«$‘Ho$ nm§Md| eVH$Ho$ AÝV‘| fS²>Xe©Zg‘wÀM`H$ma lrh[a^ÐgyarH$s

""Xe©Zm{Z fSo>dmÌ ‘yb oXì`noj`m XodVmVÎd oXoZ kmVì`m{Z ‘Zr{f{^….

3 4

~m¡Õ§ Z¡ m{`H§$ gm§» § O¡Z§ d¡eo{fH§$ VWm O¡{‘Zr`ÄM Zm‘m{Z Xe©ZmZm‘²A‘y{Z Ahmo''(1). O¡gr CpŠVHo$ demX² EH$ AZmbmo{MV Ho$db n[aJUZ¡H$‘ybAÝ`Wm {Z‘y©b YmaUm ~hþàMm[aV hmo J`r {H$ ^maVr` Xe©Zm|Ho$ N>h àH$ma hmoVoh¢ BZ ‘V oXm|H$s n[aJUZm‘| Mmdm©H$ VWm doXmÝV Xe©Zm|Ho$ O¡gr ‘hÎdnyU©{dMmaYmamAm|H$m AÝV^m©d {H$g‘| ñdrH$maZm `h kmV Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU ZOmZo H$~ EH$ Xygar YmaUm ~hþàMm[aV hmo J`r {H$ Bg Xoe‘| N>h AmpñVH$,AWm©V² doXàm‘mÊ`dmXr Xe©Z hþdo h¢; Am¡a, N>h hr ZmpñVH$, AWm©V²doXmàm‘mÊ`dmXr Xe©Z hþdo h¢(2). Eogr YmaUm, naÝVw, Z Vmo gwñnï> bJVr h¡ Am¡aZ CnnÝZ hr. Š`m|{H$ ~m¡ÕmJ‘r` ~«÷OmbgwÎmmÝVJ©V {‘ÀN>m{X{Æ>Æ>mZm{Z àH$aU‘|{OZ ~mgR> VWmH${WV {‘Ï`mÑ{ï>Am|H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡(3), CZH$m BZ~mah VahH$s Xme©{ZH$ {dMmaYmamAm|‘| AÝV^m©d `m g‘mdoe H$hm§-H¡$go eŠ`hmo gH$Vm h¡ Bg ~mao‘| `h dJuH$aU ‘m¡Z h¡. AV… Z Vmo `h `moOZm gd©J«m{hUrbJVr h¡ Am¡a Z gwñnï> hr.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: {’$a^r Bg `moOZmH$s Mm¡IQ>‘| dmëb^ Xe©Z N>h AmpñVH$ Xe©ZmÝVJ©V

doXmÝVXe©ZH$s EH$ emIm h¡. Bg AÝV^m©dH$mo OmZ boZm EH$ AÀN>r hr ~mVhmoJr.

{ÛVr`Ñ{ï>: BgHo$ ~Om` Vmo CŠV ~«÷OmbgwÎm‘| d{U©V YmaUmAm|‘|go Ho$db ‘Vn[aJUZmW©

à wŠV g§»`mAm|H$s Cnojm ^r H$a X| Vmo ^r Hw$N> ñWyb dJuH¥$V YmaUmAm|H$moBg Vah gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡:-

1.emídVdmX / AemídVdmX / A§eV… emídVdmX2.AZÝVdmX / AÝVdmX / AÝVmZÝVdmX `m A§eVmo AZÝVdmX3.CÎmamZh©àíZ(=A‘am{djon)dmX / CÎmamh©àíZdmX / A§eVmo

CÎmamZh©àíZdmX

4.{Zh}VwH$moËn{Îm(=ñd^mdmoËn{Îm)dmX / ghoVwH$moËn{ÎmdmX/A§eVmo {Zh}VwH$moËn{ÎmdmX

5.‘aUmoÎmagÄkrdmX / ‘aUmoÎmamgÄkrdmX / ‘aUmoÎmaZ¡d-gÄkr-ZmgÄkrdmX

6.X¡{hH$mË‘moÀN>oXdmX / {dXoh‘wpŠVdmX / OrdÝ‘wpŠVdmX.(4)

Bg Vah dJuH¥$V YmaUmAm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `h gwñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$T>mB© hOma df©nyd© ^r, ^JdmZ² ~wÕHo$ AZwgma CZHo$ H$mb‘| Omo {‘Ï`mÑ{ï>`m§ Wr,CZH$s n[aJUZm‘| ^JdmZ²Zo {H$gr VahH$s `moOZm~ÕVmH$mo ImoOZoH$m EH${ZVmÝV ‘ZZr` à`mg {H$`m Wm.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: Bg Mm¡IQ>‘| dmëb^ Xe©ZHo$ {Okmñ` ñWmZV`m h‘ àW‘Ì`rHo$ AÝVJ©V

XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ (1)~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ {dMmago `h Xe©Z emídVdmXr hmoZona ^r^JdëbrbmHo$ {dMmago OmJ{VH$ Zm‘ê$nH$‘m]H$s A§eV… AemídVVm AWm©V²A§{e^yV-gpÀMXmZÝX-~«÷Ñï²>çm emídVVm VWm gX§e^yVZm‘ê$nH$‘©Ñï²>çmAemídVVm ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. (2)`hr {ÛVr`Ì`rHo$ ~mao‘| ^r ñnï> h¡. Bgr VahV¥Vr`Ì`rHo$ ~mao‘| ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ (3)~«÷ñdê$n BX{‘ËWV`mCÎmamZh© hmoZona ^r gd©Wm CÎmamZh© Zht hmoVm. MVwW©Ì`rHo$ ~mao‘| ^r àm`… dhrVÏ` Ñ{ï>JV hmoVm h¡ {H$ (4)~«÷H$s OS>OrdmÝV`m©{‘V`m àH$Q> hmoZoH$s brbm{Zh}VwH$ hmoZona ^r brbm‘| Omo Hw$N> àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dh ghoVwH$ hr hmoVm h¡.nÄM‘Ì`rHo$ ~mao‘| kmVì` h¡ {H$ (5)dhm§ MVwW© {dH$ënml`UHo$ ~Om` dmëb^Xe©Z V¥Vr` {dH$ënH$mo hr Aml`Ur` ‘mZoJm {H$ ‘aUmoÎma OrdmË‘m A§eV…g§kr Am¡a A§eVmo Ag§kr hmoVr h¡. fð>Ì`r‘| dmëb^ Xe©Z (6)X¡{hH$mË‘moÀN>oXH$moXohmË‘g§KmVmoÀN>oXHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZoHo$ ~mdOyX {dXoh‘wpŠVdmX‘| ^r VWmOrdÝ‘wpŠVdmX‘| ^r AnZr gh‘{V XagmVm h¡ hr.

V¥Vr`Ñ{ï>:

5 6

BgHo$ Abmdm ñd § ~m¡Õm|Ho$ Omo Xme©{ZH$ àñWmZ oX {d{^ÝZ g§J{VAm|Ho$H$maU ^JdmZ² ~wÕHo$ nm§Mgm¡-N>hgm¡ df©‘| àH$Q> hþdo, `Wm-

1.gdm©pñVËddmX2.~mhçmWm©Zw‘o`dmX3.~mhçmW©eyÝ`dmX AWm©V² {dkpßV‘mÌmpñVËddmX4.~mh²`mä`ÝVaeyÝ`dmX

o AdmÝVa à oX ^r ñd § Xe©ZemñÌr` Ñ{ï>Am|H$mo `moOZm~ÕV`m EH${MÝVZàUmbrHo$ ê$n‘| {dH$gmZoH$s ar{VH$s EH$ AZOmZr na Jhar gyP~yPbJVr h¡. Bg‘| ^r nwZ… hrZ`mZr {MÝVZH$mo {dZo`m{YH$maH$ CnXoe Am¡a‘hm`mZr {MÝVZH$mo {dZrVm{YH$maH$ CnXoe ‘mZZoH$s H$ënZm ^r {H$gr`moOZm~ÕVmH$m hr gwñnï> g§Ho$V H$aVr gr bJVr h¡.

BÝh| `Wmì`m»`mV ê$nm|‘| Z bo H$a EH$ gm‘mÝ` `moOZmHo$ ê$n‘| {ZhmaZonaBZ à oXm|‘| ~m¡ÕoVa d¡Mm[aH$ Ñ{ï>Am|H$m ^r g‘mdoe `m AÝV^m©d ghO gå^d~Z OmVm h¡. `Wm gdm©pñVËddmXHo$ AÝVJ©V O¡Z Ý`m`-d¡eo{eH$ gm§»`-`moJO¡{‘{ZXe©Z Ho$ Abmdm ~mXam`Ur` àñWmZm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V ^r H$B© gmaodoXmÝVgåàXm`m| H$m AÝV^m©d gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah ~mh² mW©eyÝ`dmXHo$AÝVJ©V àË`{^kmXe©Z VWm em§H$a doXmÝV H$m AÝV^m©d ghO hr g‘P‘| AmgHo$ Eogm VÏ` bJVm h¡. eyÝ`dmX d¡go ~m¡Õm|H$m hr AnZm {MÝVZ ‘mZm OmVmh¡ naÝVw eyÝ`dmXHo$ {Zê$nU‘| ñd‘V{Zê$nU VWm na‘V{ZamH$aU ‘| àH$Q> hmoVoe¡br oXna bú` H$aZona Hw$N> Am¡a ^r {MÌ C^aVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ñd‘V{Zê$nU‘|eyÝ`dm{XAm|Ho$ ""AnaàË``§ emÝV§ ànÄM¡… AànpÄMV§ {Z{d©H$ën‘²AZmZmW©‘² EVV² VÎdñ` bjU‘²'' -""Z gÝZmgÝZ gXgÝZMmß`Zw `mË‘H§$MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠV§ VÎd§ ‘mÜ`{‘H$m… {dXw…''(5) CÒmam|Ho$ AZwgma eyÝ`H$mOmo ñdê$n gm‘Zo AmVm h¡ VXZwê$n hr Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|H$m ñd §àH$me AdmÀ`{ZJw©U-{ZY©‘©H$-{Z{d©eof Û¡V{dd{O©V ~«÷H$mo ^r gwIoZ gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡.Š`m|{H$-

ApñV ZmñË`pñVZmñVr{V ZmpñV-ZmñVr{V dm nwZ…&MbpñWamo `m^md¡a² Amd¥UmoË od ~m{be…&&H$moQ²>çg² MVò EVmñVw J«h¡a² `mgm§ gXmd¥V…&^JdmZm{^a² Añn¥ï>mo oZ Ñï>… g gd©ÑH²$&&g ^JdmZ² Am{^… "ApñV'-"ZmñVr'Ë`m{XH$m o{Q >{^…

MVò{^a{n Añn¥ï>mo "AñVr'Ë`m{XH$ënZm{dd{O©V…, BË oVX² oZ‘w{ZZm Ñï>m o kmVmo doXmÝVofw Am¡n{ZfX… nwéf… g gd©ÑH²$na‘mW©npÊS>V… B{V AW©….(6)

Bg Vah eyÝ` VWm {Z{d©eof ~«÷ Ho$ ~rM ~m¡ÕmJ‘Jå` AWdm doX¡H$Jå`hmoZoHo$ Abmdm Am¡a H$moB© ñnï> AÝVa gm‘Zo Zht Am nmVm. AV… MVwW© Ñ{ï>‘|Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXH$m AÝV^m©d gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ na‘VHo$ {ZamH$aUH$m àíZ h¡ Vmo XmoZm| hr eyÝ`dmXr VWmHo$dbmÛ¡VdmXr ì`mdhm[aH$ àË``m|H$s ^r A{Zd©MZr`Vmna ^ma Vmo XoVo hr h¢.Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr doXmÝV‘| IÊS>ZIÊS>ImÚ Am¡a VÎdàXr{nH$m {MËgwIr Zo Ho$db""gÎdmgÎdmä`m‘² A{Zd©MZr`Vm'' Ho$ g§`‘H$mo {Z^mZoHo$ ~Om` àmMrZÝ`m`m{^‘V fmo‹S>e nXmWm]Ho$ ~mao‘| ""ñdê$nVmo bjUm{Zd©MZr`Vm'' n ©ÝVOmo nmpîU©J«m{hVm(7) àH$Q> H$s h¡ dh àmg§{JH$m|H$m hr AZwgaU h¡. Š`m|{H$ BZAm¡a Eogo AÝ` J«ÝWm|‘| ^r ì`dhmaH$mo A{ZéŠV hr aI H$a {Z^mZoH$m AmJ«h""AñVr{V dXVmo ~«y‘mo ZmpñV gdª {dMmaVmo, ZmñVr{V dXVmo ~«y‘…gd©‘ñË`{dMmaVmo, `Wm-`Wm g‘mamonm… Om`ÝVo VÎd`mo{JZ… VWm-VWmg‘mamonm hÝ`ÝVo VÎd`mo{JZm''(8) H$hZodmbo ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|H$m AZwgaU hr bJVmh¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| MÝÐH$s{V©Ho$ ""AVmo d`‘{n AmamonVmo ì`dhmagË o pñWËdmì`dhmamWª {dZo OZmZwamoYoZ "eyÝ`‘²' BË`{n ~«y‘mo "AeyÝ`‘²' BË`{n, "Z¡deyÝ § ZmeyÝ`‘²' BË`{n ~«y‘…''(9) CX²JmaH$mo ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm`©Ho$ ""ZeyÝ § ZM AeyÝ`‘² AÛ¡VH$ËdmV² H$W§ gd©doXmÝV{gqÕ ~«dr{‘''(10) dMZm|goVwbZm H$aZona h ~mV C^a H$a gm‘Zo Am hr OmVr h¡. AV… Ho$dbmÛ¡VdoXmÝVH$mAÝV^m©d eyÝ`dmX‘| gmoMZona H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV àVrV Zht hmoVr. {ZîH$f©V…

7 8

Ho$db ~mh² mWm©Zw‘o dmX Ho$db Eogr YmaUm ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡ Omo Ho$db~m¡Õm|H$s AnZr hr {gÕ hmo nmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ àË`jHo$ AÝVJ©V {Z{d©H$ën Am¡ag{dH$ën Ho$ à oXHo$ ~mdOyX {dH$ënm|H$m| «‘ `m à‘m ê$nr àË`jgo Jå` hrAÝ`m|Zo ñdrH$mam h¡. EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ nadVu ~m¡Õ Xe©ZHo$ {d{^ÝZàñWmZm|Ho$ {dH$mgH$mo bú`JV H$aZona ~m¡ÕoVa Xe©Zm|Ho$ ^r {dH$mgH$s `moOZmàmê$nV`m àñVm{dV hmo ahr Wr.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m Bg `moOZm‘| ñWmZ H$hm§ nhMmZZm Mm{h o àíZ CR>Vm h¡

Vmo BgHo$ ~mao‘| kmVì` h¡ {H$ Bg moOZm‘| Mma‘|go ApÝV‘ ~mh² mä`ÝVaeyÝ`VmH$mAZw d `mo{JOZm|H$mo {Z{d©H$ën g‘m{Y‘| dmëb^ Xe©Z eŠ` ‘mZVm hmoZona ^rHo$db Cgr eyÝ`mZw y{VH$mo à‘m VWm AÝ` A`mo{JOZm|H$mo hmoVr ~mh² mä`ÝVadñËdZw y{V`m|H$mo Aà‘m ‘mZZo H$W‘{n CÚV Zht h¡. AVEd V¥Vr` H$ënH$mo ^rAIÊS>{dkmZ¡H$ag ~«÷H$s Ñ{ï>go ñdrH$m`© ‘mZZona ^r bm¡{H$H$ kmZÑï²>çmko mW©H$s ~mh² AgÎmm dmëb^ Xe©ZH$mo ñdrH$m © Zht. {ÛVr`Ñ{ï>Ho$ AÝVJ©VàË`jmZw^y{VHo$ {Z{d©H$ën VWm g{dH$ënH$ à^oXH$mo ‘mÝ` aIZoHo$ H$maU{Z{d©H$ënH$mZw y{V gÝ‘mÌ{df{`Ur hmoVr `h ñdrH$maZoHo$ ~mdOyX Ðì`-JwU-H$‘©-gm‘mÝ`-{deof-gå~ÝY-A^md-g§km{XHo$ {dH$ën {Z{d©H$ënmZw y{VJmoMagÝ‘mÌdñVwgo gd©Wm {^ÝZ hr hmoVo h¢ `h ñdrH$maZo dmëb^ Xe©Z CÚV Z hmoZogo{dH$ënm|H$mo àW‘mZw^y{V‘| àË`jJ«mh²` Z ‘mZZona ^r Ymamdm{hkmZmon‘{ÛVr`mZw y{V‘| àË`jJ«mh² ^r ñdrH$maVm hr h¡, `WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ hmoZoHo$H$maU. AV… ~m¡Õm|Ho$ Ûmam n[a^m{fV ê$n‘| gdm©pñVËddmXr Z hmoZona dmëb^Xe©Z gdm©pñVËddmXH$s hr EH$ Ana{dYm ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡.

MVwW©Ñ{ï>: ñd`§ O¡Z Xme©{ZH$m|Zo Z`-à‘mU-^oX{^ÝZ AZoH$mÝVdmXH$mo O~

gßV §{J‘mAm|Ho$ gmW ‘§{S>V {H$`m V~ eyÝ`dmX{ZagZr` BZ MVwîH$mo{Q>Am|H$moAW©Z`ê$nm A{J«‘ Mma : 1Z¡J‘Z` 2g§J«hZ` 3ì`dhmaZ` Am¡a 4F$OwgyÌZ`H$mo{Q>Am|‘| AÝV^m©{dV `m g‘m`mo{OV H$a {b`m. `hm§ Z¡ m{`H$-d¡eo{fH$m|H$mAÝV^m©d àW‘ Z¡J‘Z`‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. doXmÝVm{^‘V AÛ¡V(em§H$a)dmXHo$ gmao

àH$mam|H$m AÝV^m©d g§J«hZ`Ho$ rVa gmoMm J`m h¡. Mmdm©H$m|H$mo ì`dhmaZ`mZwJm‘r‘mZm J`m h¡. Am¡a ~m¡Õm|H$mo "F$OwgyÌmHy$Vàd¥Îm~w{Õ' ‘mZm J`m h¡(11). eãXZ`H$sAd{eï> VrZ : 5eãXZ` 6g‘{^ê$T>Z` Am¡a 7Ed§ yVZ` H$mo{Q>`m§ Am¡a BZHo$ gmWOmo‹S>r Xr J`r. ñ`mÛmX‘ÄOarH$ma lr‘pëbfoUgyar H$hVo h¢ ""H$moB© ^r {MÝVH$AnZm A{^àm` m Vmo dmÀ` yV AW©Ûmam m dmMH$ eãXÛmam àH$Q> H$aVmh¡. AV… à‘mVmAm|Ho$ A{^àm`de AW©{Zê$nU‘| nam`U AW©Z`mÝV y©V{MÝVH$ hmoVo h¢. eãX{dMma‘| àd¥Îm hmoZodmbo {MÝVH$ eãXm{X VrZ Z`m|‘|AÝV y©V hmoVo h¢.''(12). gwñnï> h¡ {H$ `h ^r ^maVr` Xe©ZH$mo {H$gr EH$`moOZm~ÕV`m XoIZoH$s d¡Mm[aH$ ar{V Zht Wr Vmo Am¡a Š`m Wr? hm§ CëboIZr`Ho$db `hr h¡ {H$ Z¡`m{`H$m|H$m AÝV^m©d Omo Z¡J‘Z`Ho$ AÝVJ©V Am¡aAÛ`dm{XAm|H$m AÝV^m©d Omo g§J«hZ`Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$`m CgHo$ Am¡{MË`gog^rH$m gh‘V hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm. BgHo$ Abmdm "eyÝ`'nXHo$ dmÀ`mW©V`m{H$gr VahH$s nÄM‘H$moQ>rH$m nXmW© Vmo ñd § ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|H$mo hr A{^àoV ZhmoZogo AW©Z`Ho$ AÝVJ©V Vmo Zht naÝVw eãXZ`Ho$ AÝVJ©V nm§Mdr H$moQ>r‘|eyÝ`VmH$m ^r H$moB© ñWmZ hmoZm Mm{h o Wm. dh Ad{eï> VrZ H$mo{Q>Am|‘| ^rg§J¥hrV Zht hmo nm`m h¡. VWm ñd § Amh©Vm|Ho$ Abmdm Ad{eîQ> VrZ H$mo{Q>Am|‘ogoH$‘go H$‘ Xmo YmaUmAm|H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbo H$moB© {MÝVH$ hþdo hm| Eogm I`mb‘|AmVm Zht h¡. AV… Ad{eîQ> VrZ YmaUmAm|‘| H$‘go H$‘ Xmo Vmo [aŠVdJ©AWm©V² Ho$db JUZmH$s` gå^mdZmAm|na hr Am{lV àVrV hmoVr h¢. `Wm-

1.ñ`mXpñV=ApñVXe©Z2.ñ`mÝZmpñV=ZmpñVXe©Z3.ñ`mXpñV M ZmpñV=ApñVZmpñVXe©Z4.ñ`mXdŠVì`§=C^`Vmo@{Zd©MZr`Xe©Z5.ñ`mXpñV MmdŠVì § M=ko dñVw-A{Zd©MZr`Xe©Z6.ñ`mÝZmpñV MmdŠVì § M=( )7.ñ`mXpñV M ZmpñV MmdŠVì § M=( )

9 10

`hm§ `h CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ gßV §{J‘mAm|H$mo ""ApñV/ZmpñV/ApñV-ZmpñV/ZmpñV-ZZmpñV''Ho$ hr Ho$db {dH$ënm|‘| gr{‘V Z aImOm o Am¡a EH$ d¡Mm[aH$ ‘m°S>br{Q> Ho$ ê$n‘| {Zhmam Om o Am¡a {d{^ÝZ Xme©{ZH$YmaUmAm|Ho$ ~rM àM{bV AÝ`mÝ` {ddmXm|‘| BÝh| bmJy {H$`m Om o Vmo ghO hrBg `moOZmH$s ì`mnH$VmH$m nj C^a H$a gm‘Zo Am OmVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m :Xohm{V[aŠV AmË‘mpñVËd, ê$nm{XJwUY‘m©Zw^yË`{V[aŠV MoVZmpñVËd,H¥$VH$‘©ZmemoÎma nwÊ`nmnmpñVËd, JwUg§Km{V[aŠV Ðì`mpñVËd,Ðì`m{V[aŠV gm‘mÝ`mpñVËd, CnmXmZH$maUm{V[aŠV H$m`m©pñVËd,Ad`dm{V[aŠV Ad`ì`pñVËd, {Z{d©H$ënkmZm{V[aŠV{dH$ënmdJm{hà‘mpñVËd, dmMH$ì`mnmam{V[aŠV dmÀ`dñËdpñVËd Am{XAZoH$mZoH$ {ddmXmñnX {df`m|Ho$ ~mao‘| Mmam| `m gmVm| àH$maHo$ Z`m|Ho$ gmnojñdrH$maH$s AZoH$mÝVÑ{ï>H$m AZw‘moXZ H$aZona Bg `moOZmH$s ì`mnH$Vm ghOhr àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡. `h BX{‘ËWV`m ñd § Amh©Vm|H$mo ‘mÝ` hr hmo EogoA{^àm`de {H$`m J`m {dYmZ Zht h¡. naÝVw EH$ gå^m{dV `moOZmH$sê$naoImH$m Ho$db {ZXe©Z‘mÌ h¡.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: Bg `moOZmH$s à`moJmpÝd{VH$s ì`mnH$VmH$m {dMma H$aVo hþdo VWm

{dñVma^r{Vde ^r Ho$db {Xem{ZX}eHo$ ê$n‘| BVZm gm {Zê$nU `hm§ C{MVbJVm h¡ {H$ dmëb^ Xe©Z nXmW©‘r‘m§gmHo$ ñVana `Ú{n gX²dmXr {MÝVZ h¡naÝVw A{ÛVr` gX²dñVwHo$ brbmW© àH$Q> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}Ho$ ~rM nañna Û¡V/AÛ¡V/Û¡VmÛ¡V/A(dŠVì`)-Û¡VmÛ¡VHo$ MmVw{d©Ü`‘| MVwW©H$moQ>rê$n VmXmËå`H$mnjnmVr ~Z OmVm h¡.

nÄM‘Ñ{ï>: BgHo$ ~mX gd©Xe©Zg§J«hH$maZo {Og Vahgo AnZo J«ÝW‘| maVà^d AÝ`mÝ`

Xm{e©{ZH$ ‘mÝ`VmAm|H$m| g‘m`mo{OV {H$`m h¡ Cg‘| ñnï>V`m Ho$dbmÛ¡V doXmÝVH$sÑpîQ>go CÝh| `moOZm~Õ H$aZoH$s EH$ {dbjU ê$naoIm ImoOr Om gH$Vr h¡.BgH$m, gd©Xe©Zg§J«hH$s AnZr y{‘H$m‘| lrdmgwXod emñÌr Aä §H$aZo, gw{deXV`m{Zê$nU {H$`m h¡. `h à{VnmXZ ^r gd©Xe©Zg§J«h J«ÝWHo$ àË oH$ AÜ oVmHo$

{b o Adí` AÜ oVì` bJVm h¡. CgH$m gmam§e XoZm hr, AV…, Bg àg§J‘|CnH$maH$ hmo nm oJm. CÝhm|Zo Xmo Vahgo Bg H«$‘H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZm Mmhm h¡.`Wm-

1.^maVr` Xme©{ZH$ {dMmaYmamAm|Ho$ gd©àW‘ ZmpñVH$ AmpñVH$Xmo ‘yb oX hmoVo h¢-ZmpñVH$ :

VXÝVJ©V ZmpñVH$ {dMmaYmamHo$ AmÜ`{jH$ Am¡a Vm{H©$H$ Eogo Xmoà oX hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| (1)Mmdm©H$ Xe©Z AmÜ`{jH$ Xe©Z h¡. Vm{H©$H$-ZmpñVH$m|Ho$ nwZ… Xmo Am¡a àH$ma hmoVo h¢ : (2)j{UH$dmXr ~m¡Õ Am¡a(3)ñ`mX²dmXr O¡Z.AmpñVH$ :

AmpñVH$ {dMmaYmamHo$ r ‘yb‘| Xmo à oX hmoVo h¢ Wm : gJwUmË‘dmXrAm¡a {ZJw©UmË‘dmXr. BZ‘| gJwUmË‘dm{XAm|Ho$ nwZ… Vm{H©$H$ Am¡a lm¡V `m|Xmo Cn oX hmoVo h¢.

BZ‘| Vm{H©$H$m|Ho$ nwZ… Xmo AdmÝVa à^oX àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$ Am¡añnîQ>Vm{H©$H$ hmoVo h¢. àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$m|Ho$ Xmo Cn oX àÀN>ÝZÛ¡VdmXr Am¡añnîQ>Û¡VdmXr hmoVo h¢.

BZ‘| (4)am‘mZwO Xe©Z gJwUmË‘dmXr Z àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$ Z

àÀN>ÝZÛ¡VdmXr h¡. (5)‘mÜd Xe©Z gJwUmË‘dmXr Z àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$ZñnîQ>Û¡VdmXr h¡.

ñnîQ>Vm{H©$H$m|Ho$ AdmÝVa à^oX ^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dmXr Am¡aCËn{ÎmgmYZmÑîQ>dmXr hmoVo h¢. BZ ^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dm{XAm|Ho$ ^r XmoAdmÝVa oX {dXoh‘wpŠVdmXr Am¡a OrdÝ‘wpŠVdmXr ê$nr hmoVo h¢. BZ‘|{dXoh‘wpŠVdm{XAm|Ho$ nwZ… AmË‘ oXdmXr Am¡a AmËå ¡Š`dmXr Eogo XmoCn oX hmoVo h¢. AmË‘ oXdm{XAm|‘| r nwZ… H$‘m©Znoj-B©ídadmXr Am¡aH$‘©gmnoj-B©ídadmXr Eogo Xmo Cn oX hmoVo h¢.

ñnîQ>Vm{H©$H$m|‘| ^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dmXr Z {dXoh‘wpŠVdmXrZAmË‘ oXdmXr Z H$‘m©Znoj-B©ídadmXr (6)ZHw$brenmewnV hmoVo h¢.

11 12

O~{H$ ñnîQ>Vm{H©$H$m|‘| ^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dmXr Z {dXoh‘wpŠVdmXrZAmË‘ oXdmXr Z H$‘©gmnojdmXr (7)e¡d hmoVo h¢. ^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dmXrZ {dXoh‘wpŠVdmXr Z AmËå`¡Š`dmXr (8)àË`{^kmdmXr hmoVo h¢.^moJgmYZmÑîQ>dmXr Z OrdÝ‘wpŠVdmXr Z (9)agoídadmXr hmoVo h¢.

gJ wUmË‘dmXr Z Vm{H © $H $ Z ñnîQ >Vm {H © $H $ Z

CËn{ÎmgmYZmÑîQ>dm{XAm|Ho$ nwZ… Xmo Cn^oX hmoVo h¢ : eãXH$moà‘mUmÝVaV`m AñdrH$ma H$aZodmbo (10)d¡eo{fH$ VWm Cgo à‘mUmÝVaV`mñdrH$maZodmbo (11)Z¡`m{`H$.

AmpñVH$ Z gJwUVmdmXr Z lm¡Vm|Ho$ Xmo Cn oX dmŠ`mW©doXr(12)‘r‘m§gH$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a (13)nXmW©doXr d¡ mH$aU hmoVo h¢.

Bgr Vah AmpñVH$ Z {ZJ©wUmË‘dm{XAm|‘| ^r Vm{H©$H$ Am¡alm¡V Eogo Xmo Cn oXm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V Vm{H©$H$m|‘| nwZ… {ZarídadmXr (14)gm§»`hmoVo h¢. O~{H$ goídadmXr (15)nmVÄOb hmoVo h¢. AmpñVH$ Z lm¡V Z

{ZJw©UmË‘dmXr (16)em§H$a hmoVo h¢. Bg Vah Hw$b gmobh ‘Vm|H$s`moOZm~ÕVm àH$Q> hmoVr h¡(13).

2.^maVr` Xme©{ZH$ {dMmaYmamAm|H$mo EH$-Xygao àH$mago ^r dJuH¥$V{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡-

Bg {dH$mgaoImH$m Amaå^{~ÝXw Mmdm©H$ Xe©Z h¡ Am¡a Ma‘{dH$mg Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX n ©ÝV gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg Ma‘{dH$mgHo$gmonmZna ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Zo joÌkmË‘mH$m ñdê$n Xohgo {^ÝZAj{UH$ Hy$Q>ñW{ZË` {Z{d©H$ma {d w àË`j ~moYê$n AO‹S> eãXmVrV"B©ídam'{XnXdmÀ` H$V¥©Ëd-^moŠV¥Ëda{hV Ag§J {Z{d©eof ñdrH$mamh¡. AV… XohmË‘dmXr Mmdm©H$ Xe©ZH$s VwbZm‘| ~m¡Õ Xe©Z Xohm{V[aŠVA{ZË` j{UH$ AmË‘dmXH$s ñdrH¥${VHo$ de H$ar~ n‹S>Vm h¡. Amh©VXe©Z AmË‘mH$mo n[aUm{‘{ZË` ‘mZZoHo$ H$maU ~m¡Õm|H$s VwbZm‘| Am¡aH$ar~ AmVm h¡. am‘mZwO Xe©Z AmË‘mH$mo Hy$Q>ñW {ZË` ‘mZVm hmoZoHo$H$maU Am¡a H$ar~ n‹S>Vm h¡. {’$a^r am‘mZwOm|Ho$ ‘V‘| AmË‘mH$moearaÛmam {dH$mar ^r ‘mZm J`m O~{H$ ‘mÜd d¡gm Zht ‘mZVo hmoZoHo$H$maU Hw$N> Am¡a H$ar~ AmVo h¢. ‘mÜd ‘V‘| AmË‘mH$mo AUwn[a‘mU

‘mZm J`m h¡ AV… CZH$s VwbZm‘| ‘mhoída ‘V, Omo Cgo {d w ‘mZVoh¢ {ZH$Q>Va ‘mZo J o h¢. o ‘mhoídadmXr AmË‘mH$mo ÑJ«yn Ed§ {H«$`mê$n‘mZVo h¢ AV… BZH$s VwbZm‘| Ho$db ÑJ«ynV`m AmË‘mH$mo ñdrH$maZodmbod¡eo{fH$ Hw$N> Am¡a H$ar~ n‹S>Vo h¢. naÝVw d¡eo{fH$ AmË‘mH$moAZw{‘Ë oH$Jå` ‘mZVo h¢ AV… BZH$s VwbZm‘| Z¡ m{`H$ BVaà‘mUJå`^r ‘mZVo hmoZoHo$ H$maU {ZH$Q>Va hmoVo h¢. Z¡ m{`H$ AmË‘mH$mo ñdê$noUO‹S> ‘mZ H$a M¡VÝ`H$mo AmË‘mHo$ JwUê$nV`m ñdrH$maZm MmhVo hmoZoHo$H$maU AmË‘mH$mo ~moYê$nV`m ñdrH$maZodmbo ‘r‘m§gH$m|H$s VwbZm‘|Hw$N> Xya n‹S>Vo h¢. A§e oXdemV² {H$ÝVw AmË‘mH$mo O‹S>V`m ñdrH$maZoHo$H$maU BZ ‘r‘m§gH$m|H$s VwbZm‘| nm{UZr`m|H$m ‘V AmË‘mH$mo g‘J«V`meãXmË‘H$-M¡VÝ`mË‘H$ ñdrH$maVm hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$g‘rnVa hmoVm h¡. BZH$s ^r VwbZm‘| gm§»`m|H$m ‘V AmË‘mH$mo Ho$dbkmZñdê$nV`m ñdrH$maZoHo$ H$maU Am¡a ^r A{YH$ {ZH$Q> ‘mZm OmVmh¡. gm§»` naÝVw B©ídaH$mo Zht ñdrH$maVo AV… gm§»`m|H$s VwbZm‘|B©ídampñËdËd ñdrH$maZodmbo nmVÄOb Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$ {ZH$Q>Va h¢(14).

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ gd©Xe©Zg§J«h ‘| Omo EH$ {d{eîQ> AmZwnydugoJ«ÝWH$maZo {d{^ÝZ ‘Vm|H$mo g§H${bV-`mo{OV {H$`m h¡ Cg‘| J«ÝWgånmXH$-y{‘H$mH$ma lrdmgwXod emñÌrOrZo EH$ `moOZm~ÕVm XoIZr Mmhr h¡. CëboIZr`

Bg‘| h Adí` h¡ {H$ am‘mZwO-‘mÜdm|H$mo lm¡V Xe©Z Z ‘mZ H$a àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$‘VHo$ ê$n‘| àñVwV H$aZm Ho$db Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU hr bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$lw{VdMZm|‘| VH©${damoYde bmj{UH$/Jm¡U AWm]H$s H$ënZm H$aZoHo$ H$maU `{XàÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$Vm AmVr hmo Vmo ""`íMmo `mo… g‘mo Xmof… n[ahmaíM ``mo…g‘mo Z VÌ¡H$mo@Zw moÁ`… ñ`mX² VmÑJW©{dMmaUo'' Ý`m` AZwgÝYo hmoVm h¡.BgHo$ Abmdm gJwUmË‘dm{XAm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V ^r lm¡V dJ© Omo ""gJwUmË‘dm{XZmo{Û{dYm… Vm{H©$H$m… lm¡Vm… M'' {dYmZÛmam ñd § y{‘H$mH$maÛmam CØm{dV h¡Cg‘| am‘mZwO-‘mÜdm|H$m An[aJUZ {dñ‘`OZH$ bJVm h¡ BgHo$ Abmdm ñd §‘ybH$maÛmam hr Cno{jV hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~«÷ZÝXr ~«÷XÎm V¥©ànÄM m mñH$amMm ©gÑe AÝ`mÝ` e§H$anyd© `m g‘H$m{bH$ doXmÝVm|H$m ñWmZ BZ‘|go {H$g dJ©‘|AÝV{h©V ‘mZZm `h nVm Z MbZoHo$ H$maU CnojmH$m Amamon Vmo Aàmg§{JH$ hrhmoJm.

13 14

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: Ohm§ VH$ dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m Bg‘| ñWmZ H$hm§ hmo gH$Vm h¡ Eogr {OkmgmH$m

àíZ h¡ Vmo ñd § `moOZmH$ma lrAä §H$a emñÌrHo$ AZwgma Vmo O~ am‘mZwO-‘mÜdm|H$m AÝV^m©d àÀN>ÝZVm{H©$H$m|‘| hþdm h¡ Vmo dmëb^m|H$mo Cggo ~ohVañWmZH$s Anojm aIZr Zht Mm{h o. naÝVw CpëbpIV g^r ‘Vm|‘| doXmÝVmÝVJ©Vam‘mZwO AÝ`Wm H$mí‘raàË`{^km Xe©Z ^r dmëb^ {MÝVZH$mo AnZo gmWàË`mgÝZVa bJVo h¢. ~«÷ZÝXr ~«÷XÎm ^V¥©ànÄM ^mñH$amMm`© AWdmlrn{V^JdËnmXmMm © Ho$ ñWmZ `hm§ H$ht {Z{X©ï> hmoVo Vmo dmëb^ Xe©ZH$moAnZm ñWmZ ImoO boZo‘| A{YH$ gw{dYm hmoVr.

fð>Ñ{ï>: lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVrZo B©ídaà{Vn{ÎmàH$me Am¡a doXmÝVH$ënb{VH$m J«ÝWm|‘|

AÝ`mÝ` ‘Vm|H$mo àË`m»`mZmW© hr Ho$db g§H${bV H$aHo$ àñVwV {H$`m h¡. BZXmoZm| J«ÝWm|‘| `Ú{n {H$gr ^r àH$maH$m dJuH$aU Vmo eãXe… {Zê$nUmW©A{^àoV Zht h¡ VWm{n H«$‘e… em§H$adoXmÝVm{^‘V B©ídampñVËd Am¡aem§H$adoXmÝVm{^‘V ‘moj Ho$ ~mao‘| gmåàXm{`H$ Omo ÑpîQ>H$moU hmo gH$Vm h¡ Eogo‘V{d^mJ `m `moOZm H$mo Hw$N> Bg Vah àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡:

B©ídaà{Vn{ÎmàH$me‘| : doXmon{ZfXm|H$m à‘mUV`m AñdrH$maH$aZodmbo Am¡a ñdrH$maZodmbo `m| ZmpñVH$ Xe©Z Am¡a AmpñVH$ Xe©ZHo$ ê$n‘| Xmo à oX {XIbm o h¢. BZ‘| ZmpñVH$ Xe©Zm|‘| Mmdm©H$H$moAZmË‘dmXr VWm AZrídadmXr ‘mZm J`m h¡. ~m¡Õ Xe©Z‘| j{UH$gd©k{dkmZgÝVmZê$n AmË‘m `m B©ída ‘mZo hr J o h¢ Eogm {XIbm`mJ`m. {XJå~am|Ho$ ‘V‘| Xohm{Xì`{V[aŠV Xoh‘mÌn[a‘mU A{dZmerAmË‘mê$n Ah©V²H$mo hr na‘oídaV`m ñdrH$mam OmZm {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.O~{H$ AmpñVH$ Xe©ZmoHo$ AÝVJ©V Vmo g^r {MÝVZ doXm|H$mo à‘mUV`mñdrH$maVo h¢ Am¡a Xohm{V[aŠV AmË‘mH$mo {ZË`-{d w (g^r d¡îUdAm¡a H$B© e¡d doXmÝVr OrdmË‘mH$mo AUwn[a‘mU ñdrH$maVo h¢ BgVÏ`H$s Cnojm {dñ‘`OZH$ àVrV hmoVr h¡) naÝVw, na‘oídaH$mo Hw$N>AmpñVH$ ñdrH$maVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> Zht, Eogm à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡.

BZ AmpñVH$ Xe©Zm|‘| nmVÄObm|H$mo AmË‘dmXr VWm B©ídadmXr ‘mZmJ`m h¡. Bgr Vah Z¡ m{`H$-d¡eo{fH$m|H$mo ^r. B©ídadm{XAm|‘| nmewnVnmÄMamÌ Ed§ h¡aÊ`J^© H«$‘e… {ed {dîUw Am¡a {haÊ`J^© H$mona‘oídaV`m ñdrH$maVo h¢, Eogm {Zê${nV {H$`m J`m h¡. gm§»`m|H$moAmË‘dmXr+AZrídadmXr ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. (nyd©‘r‘m§gH$m|H$m CëboIH$aZm Š`m| yb J o h nVm Zht MbVm). ~«÷dmXr AWm©V² doXmpÝVAm|Ho$‘V‘| Cn{ZfÛoÚ gd©k gd©epŠV A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZê$n na‘oídaHo$gmH$ma/{ZamH$maV`m Xmo oX {XIbm H$a BZ‘| gmH$maHo$ Mma AdmÝVa oXnwéf ~«÷m {dîUw ‘hoída à{Vnm{XV {H$ o h¢. e¡d VÝÌHo$ AZwgmaB©ídaHo$ AÝVJ©V ~«÷m {dîUw ‘hmXod H$mo gmH$ma Am¡a gXm{edH$mo{ZamH$ma ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ Eogm à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡. {dYmÝVaV`mZ¥qghVmnZr`Ho$ AZwgma AmoV AZwkmVm AZwk Am¡a A{dH$ën ê$nrB©ída oXm|‘|, H«$‘e…, nÄMrH¥$V‘hm yVm{^‘mZr {damQ²>H$m AÝV`m©‘rna‘mË‘m "AmoV" m "A{ZéÕ' H$hbmVm h¡. AnÄMrH¥$V‘hm yVm{^‘mZrOrd "{haÊ`J ©' Am¡a CgH$m AÝV`m©‘r "AZwkmVm' H$hbmVm h¡, Bgohr "àÚwåZ' ZmåZm ^r OmZm OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah gÎdm{X JwUÌ`rH$s‘m`mê$n Cnm{Ygo Cn{hV gd©~rOê$nH$mo "g§H$f©U' H$hm OmVm h¡.Bgr g§H$f©UH$s {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m ‘m`mHo$ EH$-EH$ JwUm|go AdpÀN>ÝZ~«÷m {dîUw Am¡a {ed hmoVo h¢. AÝV‘| gdm}nm{Y{d{Z‘w©ŠV A{dH$ëndmgwXod na‘mË‘m ‘mojH$m Adbå~Z hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BgrH$s OmJ«V²ñdßZ gwfwpßV Am¡a Vwar` `m| Mma AdñWm hmoVr h¢, Eogm à{VnmXZ{H$`m h¡(15).

doXmÝVH$ënb{VH$m‘| : ‘mojHo$ àH$ma oXm|H$s {ddoMZm‘| Mmdm©H${dkmZdmXr ‘mÜ`{‘H$ Amh©V H$mUmX Z¡ m{`H$ àm^mH$a ^mÅ> gm§»`nmVÄOb {ÌXÊS>r "Ho${MV²'Zm‘m (^mñH$amMm © VWm V¥©ànÄM) nmewnVd¡îUd VWm h¡aÊ`J © `m| BZ ‘Vm|H$m AZm¡n{ZfX ‘Vm|Ho$ ê$n‘| EH$dJ© {XIbm`m J`m h¡; Am¡a, Xygao‘| ñd § Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr doXmÝVgåàXm`H$mo Am¡n{ZfX Xe©ZHo$ ê$n‘| àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡(16).

15 16

ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ h {d^mOZ AVrd ñWyb Am¡a Ho$db ñdgåàXm`moËH$f© à{VnmXZmW©hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ Cn{ZfÎmmËn`©{ddoMZ ^JdX²JrVmVmËn`©{ddoMZ Am¡a~«÷gyÌVmËn ©{ddoMZ Ho$ ~mdOyX, ñdgåàXm`m{^àoVmW©go {dnarV hmoZoHo$ H$maUhr Ho$db d¡îUd Am¡a e¡d doXmÝV AZm¡n{Zf{XH$ ‘V hmo OmVo hm| Vmo, Ho$dbmÛ¡VdoXmÝV ^r e¡d-d¡îUd doXmÝVgo {dnarV hmoZoHo$ H$maU AZm¡n{Zf{XH$ ‘V ~ZOm oJm. BZHo$ Abmdm ^mñH$adoXmÝV Am¡a ¡jddoXmÝV Ho$ ~mao‘| ‘m¡ZYmaUàñVwV `moOZmH$s Agd©J«m{hVmH$m hr àH$Q> à‘mU h¡. AñVw.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: Bg `moOZm‘| {Zå~mH©$-^mñH$a-am‘mZwO-‘mÜd-lrn{V^JËnmXmMm © Am{X

AZoH$ doXmÝV{dMmaYmamAm|H$s Cnojm H$s J`r hmoZogo dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ {b oH$moB© àXmZmh© ñWmZ `moOZmH$maHo$ AZwgma hmoZm A{^b{fV Zht bJVm. {’$a^rgmH$maoídadmXmÝVV©JV na‘oídaH$mo A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ dmëb^ doXmÝV ñdrH$maVmhr h¡. ‘wpŠVHo$ ~mao‘| Vmo AZm¡n{Zf{XH$ dJ©‘| hr AH$maU hr `moOZmH$maHo$AZwgma dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo gmoMZm n‹S>oJm

gßV‘Ñ{ï>: O`nwañW {dÚmdmMñn{V lr‘YwgyXZ e‘m©Zo AnZo gXgÛmXmo ~«÷{dkmZ‘²

Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| H$gX²dmX IAgX²dmX Am¡a JgXgX²dmX ‘m¡{bH$ ê$nm|‘| H¥$îU`Owd}Xgm‘doX VWm ewŠb`Owd}X Ho$ {d{^ÝZ dMZm|‘| hr CnbãY hmo OmVo h¢, Eogm{XIbm H$a 1àË`` 2àH¥${V 3VmXmËå` 4A{^H$m © 5JwU 6gm‘ÄOñ` Am¡a 7Aja`m| gmV ‘yb dJ© Am¡a BZ gmVm| hr dJm}Ho$ nwZ… CpëbpIV gX²-AgX²-gXgX²ê$nr {Ì{dY AdmÝVa {dH$ënm|Ûmam Hw$b BŠH$sg à^oXm|dmbr EH$ `moOZmg‘Pm`r h¡(17).

BZHo$ AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa à^oX Bg Vah àñVwV {H$`o J`o h¢ : 1/

H${ZË`{dkmZmÛ¡VdmXr ~«m÷U‘V 1/IA{ZË`{dkmZmÛ¡VdmXr l‘U‘V #B1/J#AAmZÝX{dkmZmÛ¡VdmXr ‘Ü`ñW‘V, 2/H$~«÷mÛ¡VdmXr A{dZm{e‘V 2/

IH$‘m©Û ¡VdmXr d¡Zm{eH$‘V 2/JÛ¡VmÛ¡VdmXr d¡Zm{eH$dX{dZm{e‘V, 3/

H$Y{‘©àmYmÝ`dmXr ~«m÷U‘V 3/IY‘©àmYmÝ`dmXr l‘U‘V 3/JY‘©Yå`©^oXdmXr‘Ü`ñW‘V, 4/H$gËH$m ©dmXr gm§»`‘V 4/IAgËH$m ©dmXr d¡eo{fH$ 4/J{‘Ï`mH$m ©dmXrHo$dbmÛ¡VdoXmÝVr, 5/H$gÝ‘ybg¥pîQ>dmXr gm‘doXr`m Ñ{ï> 5/IAgÝ‘ybg¥pîQ>dmXrH¥$îU`Owd}Xr`m ÑpîQ> 5/JgXgÝ‘ybg¥pîQ>dmXr ewŠb`Owd}Xr`m ÑpîQ>, 6/

H$CËn{ÎmZmeerbàH¥${VH$maUVmdmXr gm§»` 6/IàmJ^mdH$maUVmdmXr Z¡ m{`H$ 6/

J{dÚm{dÚmàH¥${VdmXr doXmÝVr, 7/H$JwUÌ`mì`ŠV~rOËddmXr gm§»`‘V 7/

I~b¡(H$‘£)H$mì`ŠV~rOËddmXr d¡Zm{eH$‘V 7/JAja¡H$mì`ŠV~rOËddmXr~mXam`U‘V (BÝh| `Wm{Z{X©îQ> H«$‘Ho$ AZwgma XoZoHo$ ~Om` àñVwV boIH$Zogab H«${‘H$VmHo$ AZwgma `hm§ CÕ¥V {H$`m h¡).

d¡go `moOZm `h H$m’$s amoMH$ àVrV hmoVr h¡ naÝVw BZ‘| àW‘ Am¡a {ÛVr`1-2/H$-I-J{d^mJm|‘| Š`m|{H$ kmZgÝVVr `m H$‘©gÝVVr Ho$ àdmh‘| àdmhmÝV…nmVrH$‘© `m {dkmZ ì`pŠVAm|H$m l‘U‘V‘| Vmo AÛ¡V ‘mZm hr Zht J`m h¡. AV…`h {dMmaUr` dJuH$aU ~Z OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~m¡Õm|Ho$ g^r gåàXm`m|‘|ì`pŠVAm|‘| {ZîR> gm‘mÝ` Y‘©H$m AÛ¡V Vmo «mpÝV{df` hr ‘mZm J`m h¡. BgrVah àdmhH$s Ðì`Vm AZ{^‘V hmoZogo àdmhHo$ ñdê$nH$m AÛ¡V ^r dmñV{dH${gÕ Zht hmo nmVm. `moJmMma VWm ‘mÜ`{‘H$ ~m¡Õm|Ho$ ‘Vm|‘| Adí` hr{dkmZmÛ¡V Am¡a eyÝ`mÛ¡V H$s MMm© h¡ {H$ÝVw dh VÎmX{V[aŠV Û¡VHo$ {ZagZmW©hr h¡ Z{H$ {dkmZ¡H$Ëd `m eyÝ`¡H$Ëd Ho$ à{VnmXZmW©. AV… l‘Um|H$mo `md¡Zm{eH$m|H$mo A{ZË`{dkmZmÛ¡VdmXr `m H$‘m©Û¡VdmXr ‘mZZm H$hm§ VH$ CnnÝZhmo gH$Vm h¡ `h {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡. ahr ~mV 4/J{d^mJ‘| Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|H$sVmo, do Vmo H$m ©H$mo gXgX²{dbjU ‘mZVo h¢ AV… Eogr pñW{V‘| CÝh| "gXgX²dmXr'H$hZm H$hm§ VH$ C{MV ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡? BgHo$ Abmdm Bg `moOZm‘|ZmpñVH$‘Vm|‘| Mmdm©H$-O¡Zm|Ho$ ‘Vm|H$m AZwëboI, B©ídadmXr ‘Vm|‘| AÝ`mÝ`e¡d d¡îUd Xe©Zm|H$m AZwëboI; VWm, doXmÝV‘| Ho$db Ho$dbmÛ¡VdoXmÝVH$m hrn[aJ«h Bg `moOZmH$s Agd©J«m{hVmH$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡. AV… Bg `moOZmHo${dñV¥V {d‘em©W© AJ«ga hþdo {~Zm Bgo `ht Cng§öV H$a XoZm Cn wŠV hmoJm. d¡goBg àg§J‘| `h ñnï> H$a XoZoHo$ bmo H$m h‘ g§daU Zht H$a nmVo {H$ BZlr‘YwgyXZ e‘m©OrH$m doXmÝV{MÝVZ dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ ñWybê$n‘| gmW AË`{YH$

17 18

gmbjÊ` àH$Q> H$aVm h¡, AZoH$ gyú‘ à{H«$`mAm|‘| XmoZm| ‘Vm|Ho$ ~rM ahr{d{^ÝZVmHo$ ~mdOyX.Aï>‘Ñ{ï>:

^maVr` Xe©ZH$s {dH$mgaoIm‘| PbH$Vr `moOZm~ÕVmH$mo ImoOZoHo$ {OVZo^r à`mg hþdo CZ‘| 1925 gmb‘| àH$m{eV lrbú‘rnwa§ lr{ZdmgmMm © àUrVà‘o`-à‘mU-à`moOZê$n H$mÊS>Ì`mË‘H$ ‘mZ‘o`ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$, ‘oarOmZH$mar‘|, Bg {Xem‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdembr àVrV hmoVm h¡. J«ÝWHo$à‘o`H$mÊS>mÝVJ©V àW‘ n[aÀN>oXHo$ MVwW© "{gÕmÝV{dMma' Zm‘H$ àH$aU‘|J«ÝWH$maZo Bg {df`na AnZo {dMma àX{e©V {H$ o h¢. J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢-

àm‘m{UH$V`m kmV AW©H$mo "{gÕmÝV' H$hm OmVm h¡. `{XH$moB© H$ho {H$ g^r {gÕmÝV nañna {damoYr VWm VÎmX²ì`pŠVAm|Ho$hR>mJ«hHo$ AZwê$n àñVwV `m àñVm{dV hmoVo h¢. AV… àm‘m{UH$V`mkmV {H$gr nXmW©H$m ñdrH$ma hr eŠ` Zht bJVm, Vmo `h ~mV R>rH$Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ ñd § Bg {dYmZgo {gÕ H$s OmVr YmaUmH$mo à‘m{UH$V`mkmV `m àm‘m{UH$V`m AkmV ‘mZZm? XmoZm| hr pñW{V‘| Hw$N>YmaUmAm|H$m {gÕmÝV hmoZm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡. Eogo {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ {d{dYàH$mam|‘| gd©àW‘ g§» ¡H$mÝVdmX Am¡a g§»`mZoH$mÝVdmXHo$ oXdeXmo àH$ma gm‘Zo AmVo h¢. BZ‘| EH$go boH$a N>Îmrg `m A{YH$ ^rg§» ¡H$mÝVdmX {XIbm`r XoVo h¢.

CXmhaUV`m : 1.g~ Hw$N> eyÝ` h¡ Eogm eyÝ`mÛ¡VdmX, g~Hw$N> {dkmZ‘mÌ h¡ Eogm {dkmZmÛ¡VdmX, g~ Hw$N> gV² h¡ EogmgXÛ¡VdmX, g~ Hw$N> Ho$db eãXê$n hmoVm h¡ Eogm eãXmÛ¡VdmXBË`m{X EH$Ëdg§» ¡H$mÝVdmXHo$ CXmhaU ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢. 2.BgrVah {ÛËdg§»`¡H$mÝVdmXHo$ CXmhaU g~ Hw$N> {ZË`/A{ZË` `mO‹S>/MoVZ ê$n hmoVm h¡, Eogr YmaUm ~ZVr h¢. 3.g~ Hw$N> kmV¥-kmZ-ko mÝ`V‘mË‘Zm {Ì{dY hmoVm h¡, Eogo ‘mZZm {ÌËdg§» ¡H$mÝVdmXh¡. 4.‘mV¥-‘mZ-{‘{V-‘o mË‘Zm MVw…g§» ¡H$mÝVdmXr ^r hmo gH$Voh¢. 5.~m¡Õ nÄMñH$ÝY¡H$mÝVdmXr hmoVo h¢. 6.O¡Z r fS²>Ðì ¡H$mÝVdmXr

hmoVo h¢. 7.d¡eo{fH$-Z¡ m{`H$ gßV `m fmoS>e nXmW£H$mÝVdmXr hmoVoh¢. BË`m{X-BË`m{X.

Bgr Vah ñdñdm{^‘V VÎdm|H$s H$moB© {ZpíMV g§»`m ñdrH$maZoHo$~mdOyX H$moB© {MÝVH$ {gÕmÝVV`m g§»`mZoH$mÝVdmXr ^r hmo gH$Vmh¡, {Ogo AZw y{VJmoMa OJV²H$mo {H$gr {ZpíMV g§»`m‘| BX{‘ËWV`m~m§YZm ñd § AZw y{V{déÕ H$Wm bJVr h¡.

Ho$db g§»`mH$mo ‘mZXÊS>V`m ñdrH$maZoHo$ ~Om` AÝ` ^r‘mZXÊS>m|Ho$ AmYmana Xe©Zm|H$s g‘rjm H$aZona bm¡H$m`{VH$ O¡go~mh ²`mW ©‘mÌgÎmmdmXr hm oV o h ¢, E og o hr `m oJmMma-~m ¡ÕAmÝVa‘mÌgÎmmdmXr hmoVo h¢. H$m{nb ~mh²`mä`ÝVa C^`gÎmmdmXrhmoVo h¢.

Hw$N> {MÝVH$ earamÝV…pñWV nwéfm|‘| AÝ`V‘ nwéf B©ídaH$moearamÝV…pñWV nwéfm|go n¥WH²$ nXmW© ‘mZZodmbo hmoVo h¢, Vmo Xygao Cgon¥WH²$V`m ñdrH$ma Zht H$aVo (AWm©V² Hw$N> Cgo H$WpÄMV² n¥WH²$ VmoH$WpÄMX² An¥WH²$ ^r ñdrH$maVo hr h¢)*.

Hw$N> {MÝVH$ Ðì`nXmW©dmXr hmoVo h¢ Vmo Hw$N> {MÝVH$‘hmgm‘mÝ`ê$n gXoH$nXmW©Vm‘| ‘mZVo h¢.

Hw$N> dñVw‘mÌH$mo JwUg§KmVV`m ‘mZZodmbo Ho$db JwU¡H$nXmW©dmXrhmoVo h¡. Vmo AÝ` Hw$N> JwU Am¡a Ðì`m| Ho$ oXH$mo ñdrH$ma H$a JwU-Ðì`ê$n nXmW©Û¡VdmXr hmoVo h¢. Vrgao Hw$N> Ðì`-JwU-H$‘©ê$nnXmW©Ì`dmXr ^r hmoVo h¢.

Bgr Vah Hw$N> {deofdmXr Vmo Hw$N> gm‘mÝ`dmXr, Hw$N> BZXmoZm|Ho$ ~rM oX ñdrH$maZodmbo Vmo Hw$N> BZHo$ ~rM EoŠ` ñdrH$maZodmbohmoVo h¢ Vmo Vrgao BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå` AWm©V² oXm oX (Vmo AÝ`oXm oXd¡bjÊ` ^r)* ñdrH$maZodmbo hmoVo h¢.

* H$moîR>mÝVJ©V A§e àñVwV boIH$s` g§gyMZ h¡.

19 20

Bgr Vah Hw$N> {MÝVH$ AZmË‘dmXr hmoVo h¢, Vmo AÝ` Hw$N>AmË‘dmXr, BZ‘| ^r Hw$N> Û¡VdmXr Vmo Hw$N> AÛ¡VdmXr hmoVo h¢.

Hw$N> Ord¡Š`dmXr hmoVo h¢ Vmo Hw$N> ~«÷¡Š`dmXr hmoVo h¢. Hw$N>~«÷-OrdHo$ ~rM oXdmXr hmoVo h¢ Vmo AÝ` Hw$N> A oXdmXr Vmo AÝ`Hw$N> VmXmËå`dmXr ^r hmoVo h¢.

Bgr Vah ^mdm^md H$m ©H$maU {ZË`m{ZË` ‘mZ‘o Ðì`mÐì`Ho$ ~rM oX/A oX/ oXm oX/C^`d¡bjÊ` Ho$ AmYmana AZoH$ àH$maXe©Zm|Ho$ ~ZVo h¢.

Bgr Vah VÎmV² nXmWm]Ho$ ~mao‘| gX² AgX² gXgX² gXgX²d¡bjÊ`‘|go H$moB© EH$ ñdê$n CnnÝZ hmoVm h¡ `m Zht Bg {dH$ënHo$ H$maUgXoH$mÝV AgXoH$mÝV gXgXoH$mÝV Am¡a C^`d¡bjÊ` Ho$ MVwYm©{dH$ën ~ZVo h¢. BZ‘| Z`-à‘mUHo$ VmaVå`ñdrH$maHo$ gmW g^r{dH$ënm|H$mo njnmVa{hV hmo H$a EH$ gmW ñdrH$maZodmbo AZoH$mÝVdmXrO¡Z hmoVo h¢. g^r njm|‘| go {H$gr ^r njH$mo Z ñdrH$maZodmboJm¡S>nmX O¡go doXmÝVrHo$ Abmdm CZ g^r {dH$ënm|H$m àË`m»`mZH$aZodmbo ‘mÜ`{‘H$ ~m¡Õ ^r hmoVo h¢(18).

‘oao {hgm~go ‘mZ‘o ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$H$maZo CŠVmZwŠVXwéŠVHo$ {MÝVZê$nAnZo CÎmaXm{`ËdH$m ^br^m§{V {Zdm©h H$aVo hþdo AVrd ì`mnH$ VWm à‘m{UH$AZoH${dY `moOZmAm|H$s ImoO Bg Vah H$aZoH$m EH$ ì`dpñWV à`mg {H$`m h¡.`h Am¡a ~mV h¡ {H$ BVZo gmao àH$mam|H$mo àñVm{dV H$aZm ""H¥$V‘ß`H¥$V{‘d^d{V'' O¡gr ~mV bJVr h¡. Bgo naÝVw ""pñWVñ` J{V… {MÝVZr`m''H$s‘Zmod¥{Îm aI H$a {ZhmaZona CVZr Ag‘ÄOg ~mV Zht bJoJr {OVZr {H$^maVr` Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZHo$ {dH$mgH$mo gd©Wm A`moOZm~Õ hr ‘mZ ~¡R>Zm.CXmhaUV`m "AM²'àË`hma‘| "EM²'àË`mhmaHo$ AÝV y©V hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX JwUgpÝYAm¡a d¥{ÕgpÝY Ho$ gyÌ nm{U{ZH$mo n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ ~ZmZo n‹S>o dh ~mobZoH$s

à{H«$`m‘| g§ñH¥$V^mfm‘| àH$Q> hmoVr AZoH$ê$nVmHo$ de H$aZm hr n‹S>m, Eogr hrHw$N> ~mV `hm§ ^r ñdrH$ma boZr Mm{h o.

dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ: ñnï> h¡ {H$ ‘mZ‘o ahñ`dm{V©H$H$maHo$ AZwgma : g~ Hw$N> gV² h¡ Eogm

gXÛ¡VdmXr dmëb^ doXmÝV h¡ hr. gmW Cg gÐÿn ~«÷Ho$ AÛ¡V‘| ñd § CgHo$gd©{dY Zm‘ê$nH$‘m©Ë‘Zm àH$Q> hmoZoHo$ g§H$ën Ed§ gm‘Ï © Ho$ H$maU {ÛËdàH$Q> Vmo hmoVm h¡ naÝVw h {ÛËd EH$mpÝVH$ Zht hmoVm. AV… {ÛËdg§» ¡H$mÝVdmXHo$CXmhaU g~ Hw$N> {ZË`/A{ZË` `m O‹S>/MoVZ ê$n hmoVm h¡, Eogr YmaUm ~ZVrh¢. `hm§ A§eV… ñdrH$ma hr {gÕmÝVm{^‘V h¡. AVEd Bg EopÀN>H$ Û¡VHo${dMmade ^Jdëbrbm‘| g~ Hw$N> ‘mV¥-‘mZ-{‘{V-‘o mË‘Zm MVw…g§»`mH$hmoVm h¡ naÝVw ~«÷ hr BZ g^r ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hþdm ‘mÝ` hmoZogo dmëb^ Xe©ZMVw…g§» ¡H$mÝVdmXr Zht h¡. AVEd `moOZmH$maHo$ Bg {dYmZ ""Bgr Vahñdñdm{^‘V VÎdm|H$s H$moB© {ZpíMV g§»`m ñdrH$maZoHo$ ~mdOyX H$moB©{MÝVH$ {gÕmÝVV`m g§»`mZoH$mÝVdmXr ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OgoAZw y{VJmoMa OJV²H$mo {H$gr {ZpíMV g§»`m‘| BX{‘ËWV`m ~m§YZm ñd §AZw^y{V{déÕ H$Wm bJVr h¡'' Bg gÝX^©‘| ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$àñVwV CX²Jma ‘ZZr` bJVo h¢ ""Ana§ VÌ nyd©pñ‘Z² dm{XZmo ~hþYm OJw…‘m{`H§$ gJwU§ H$m © ñdVÝ̧ Mo{V Z¡H$Ym VXod¡VËàH$maoU ^dVr{V lwVo…‘V‘²''-""gd£aod `Wm {Zê$ß`Vo VWm ^JdmZ² ^d{V B{V VÌ Cnn{Îm‘²Amh "dmÀ`dmMH$eŠV`o' B{V. "dmÀ`mo' AW©… "dmMH$…' eãX….C^`Ìm{n eŠV`mo `ñ`. `W¡d AWª dŠVw‘² BÀN>{V VW¡d AWm} ^d{V V§à{V'' ({g.‘w.4-5, gw~mo.10&13&46). AVEd ~«÷~mh² Hw$N> ^r ñdrH$m ©Z hmoZona ^r bm¡{H$H$ kmZHo$ gÝX ©‘| ko mW© kmZ~mh² hmo gH$Vm h¡. Bgr VahearamÝV…pñWV nwéfñdê$nHo$ {Okmñ` hmoZona dmëb^ Xe©Z àË`oH$ eara‘|~«÷Ho$ Ajañdê$nHo$ {MX§eV`m OrdmË‘mH$s CnpñW{V ñdrH$maVm h¡ d¡go hr~«÷mÊS>‘y{V© Zmam`UHo$ AmZÝXm§eê$n AÝV`m©‘rH$s CnpñW{V ñdrH$maVm hr h¡.BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM oXm oX{dbjU VmXmËå` hr dmëb^ Xe©Z ñdrH$maVm h¡. BgrVah AÝ` ^r {dYmAm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m ñWmZ `hm§ Bg `moOZm‘|gabV`m {ZYm©[aV hmo nmVm h¡.

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Zd‘Ñ{ï>: BZ g^r nyd©à`mgm|H$mo ÑpîQ>JV H$aZona VWm nmíMmË` Xe©Zm|Ho$ ^r Hw$N>

d¡Mm[aH$ CnmXmZm|H$mo bú`JV aIZona ^maVr` Xe©Zm|Ho$ {dH$mgH$s aoImHo$ Hw$N>VwbZmË‘H$ nhbw Omo gm‘Zo AmVo h¢, CZH$s nyd© y{‘H$m ‘¢ Hw$N> Bg Vah ~m§YZmMmhVm hÿ§ :

^maVr` Xe©Z‘| {Ogo "{Z{d©H$ënH$ àË`j', "g{dH$ënH$àË`j/{dH$ënmÜ`dgm`' Am¡a namojmnamoj dñVw{df`H$ "àË``/{dH$ënZm' H$hm OmVm h¡, BZHo$ AZwê$n {Ì{dY à‘mUbjUm|Ho$‘V oX ^r àH$Q> hþdo h¢, bjUe…, 1.""`WmWm©Zw d… à‘mU§'',2.""A{dg§dm{X’$bàd¥{ÎmOZH§$ kmZ§ à‘mU§'',3.""AZ{YJVm~m{YVmW©{df`H§$ kmZ§ à‘mU§''. BÝht ‘V oXm|Ho$g‘mZmÝVa nmíMmË` Xe©Z‘| ^r sensation, perception Am¡aconception `m| kmZHo$ {Ì{dY àH$ma ñdrH$mao J o h¢. EVXZwê$n hrsensedata, percept Am¡a concept `m| kmZHo$ {df`m|Ho$ ^r VrZàH$ma ~ZVo h¢. gmW hr gmW àm‘mÊ`‘r‘m§gm‘| àm‘mÊ`Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r{Ì{dY bjUm|Ho$ AZwê$n Omo VrZ {gÕmÝV `m dmX àd¥Îm hþdo h¢. doZm‘e… `m| h¢ : 1.Theory of Correspondence, 2.Theory of

Utility Am¡a 3.Theory of Coherence. ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ o r H«$‘e…^maVr` {Ì{dY à‘mUbjUm|Ho$ AZwê$n `m g‘mZmÝVa hr h¢.

Bg gÝX ©‘| `h {ZVmÝV AdYmaUr` h¡ {H$ kmZHo$ BZ VrZm| ñVam|H$modñVwà‘mU dñVwì`dhma Am¡a dñVwbjU~moY Ho$ hoVw An[ahm ©V`m ñdrH$maZm hrMm{h o. AÝ`Wm kmZ‘r‘m§gm AYyar ah OmVr h¡. gmW hr gmW Bg ÑpîQ>go BZVrZm|H$mo {ZhmaZona :

Sensedata H$mo gV² (Being‹) Z ‘mZZona dh gMoVZ ì`pŠV‘| Sensation

OZZê$nm AW©{H«$`mHo$ H$maH$hoVwV`m ^r {gÕ Zht hmo nm oJm. Eogr pñW{V‘|

Sensesation H$mo Sensedata H$m kmnH$hoVw ^r ‘mZZm gå^d Zht ahOm oJm. Am¡a ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ `h Vmo dXVmoì`mKmV Am¡a/AWdm ì`dhaVmoì`mKmVHo$ {~Zm eŠ` hr Zht

Ohm§ VH$ g{dH$ënH$àË`j `m {dH$ënmÜ`dgm` àíZ h¡ Vmo dhm§ nydm}ŠVgV²Ho$ ê$nV`m AWdm {dH$ënV`m Hw$N> J¥hrV Vmo hmoVm hr h¡. naÝVw kmZHo$ BgrXygao ñVaHo$ AZoH${dY AdmÝVa àH$ma^oX, Zm‘e…, {dH$ënmÜ`dgm`{dH$ënmZÜ`dgm` {dH$ëng§e` {dH$ën «mpÝV Am{X hmoVo h¢. Am¡a AVEd doê$n `m {dH$ën (Percept) J¥h²`‘mU Xoe-H$mb‘| ~mh²`mW©V`m {dÚ‘mZ(Existing) hmoVo h¢ `m Zht, `h {d{^ÝZ Xe©Zm|Ho$ ~rM ^rfU {ddmX y{‘ ~ZJ`r h¡. bmoH$ì`dhma, naÝVw, gd©Wm EVÝ‘ybH$ hr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo àm‘m{UH$‘mZZm `m Zht `h Vmo {d{^ÝZ Xe©Zm|Ho$ AnZo-AnZo {gÕmÝVm|H$s H$Wm h¡.AWm©V² Š`m ~mh² mW© gV²Ho$ Omo {dH$ën J¥hrV hmoVo h¢ do {dH$ënmÜ`dgm`Ho$H$maH$hoVw hmoVo h¢ m Zht? AWdm Š`m {dH$ënmÜ`dgm` ñdJ¥h² ‘mU {dH$ënm|H$mkmnH$hoVw Z hmo H$a Ho$db {dH$ënH$ënZm ‘mÌ h¡?

Bgr Vah kmZHo$ Vrgao ñVa namojmnamoj dñVw{df`H$ àË``, Zm‘ `m{dH$ënZm AWm©V² Conception Am¡a Concept AmVo h¢. Bgo AÝ`mÝ`{dYCnbjU Cnm{Y AmJÝVwH$ `m ñdm^m{dH$ {deofU ê$n AÝ`gmYmaU Y‘m]Ho$gmW-gmW Aì`mpßV-A{Vì`mpßV-Agå^dXmofm|go a{hV bjUê$n Y‘m]Ho$ ^rJ«hU AWdm {Zê$nU Ho$ ê$n‘| ^r ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o. o A{ZVagmYmaUY‘©bmoH$ì`dhma‘| AVrd Cn`moJr Zht hmoVo. Š`m|{H$, CXmhaUV`m, bmoH$ì`dhma‘|"njr' nXH$m AW© njdmZ² àmUrHo$ ê$n‘| hr gmoMm-{dMmam Om oJm. o nj,naÝVw, Eogo àm{UAm|Ho$ Aì`mß`Ë`{Vì`mßË`gå^d Xmofm|go a{hV Y‘© Zht hmo nmVo‘eH$-‘{jH$m Am{X‘| A{Vì`mßV hmoZoHo$ H$maU. O~{H$ "MÄMw‘Îmm' Eogm Y‘©hmo gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw Bgna bmoH$ì`dhma ghgm {Z ©a Zht hmo nmVm h¡. AV… àíZ`hm§ ^r AnZm gwagmgÑe {dH$amb ‘w§h ~m o gm‘Zo I‹S>m hr ahVm h¡ {H$ Š`mBZ conception Am¡a Concept Ho$ ~rM nañna kmnH$hoVw Am¡a H$maH$hoVwhmoZoH$m gå~ÝY ahVm h¡ `m Zht? Š`m Bg VahHo$ àË`` dñVwV… H$ht

23 24

dñVwVmXmËå oZ AWdm dñVwg‘doVV`m g‘m{lV (Subsisting) hmoVo h¢ `mZht? AWdm dñVwÐï>mH$s o H$ënZm‘mÌ hmoVo h¢?

BZ àíZm|Ho$ CÎma ‘V oXdemV² {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hr {‘b|Jo. ha pñW{V‘| ~mh² mW©dñVwO{ZV {Z{d©H$ën àË`j Am¡a MoVZmÛmam Cgo {H$g àË``Ho$ ê$n‘| AZy{XVdJuH¥$V g§J¥hrV VWm ì`m»`m{`V {H$`m OmVm h¡, `m| BZ C^`{dY kmZHo$ñVam|Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gh`moJHo$ {~Zm g{dH$ënàË`j `m {dH$ënmÜ`dgm` ê$nkmZH$m {ÛVr` ñVa àH$Q> hmo Zht gH$Vm, BVZm Vmo {ZíM oZ H$hm Om gH$Vmh¡.

BZ‘| {Z{d©H$ënàË`j Am¡a V{Ûf`r yV AW©Ho$ ~rM àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AdYmaUmW©`mWmÏ`©; AWm©V², AZw^y{VH$m AWm©Z{Vd{V©Ëd hmoZm AWm©V² Theory of

Correspondence H$mo An[ahm © ‘mZZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ ~mh² mW© {Z{d©H$ënH$mH$maH$hoVw (ratio ascendie) hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {Z{d©H$ënH$àË`j ~mh²`mW©H$mkmnH$hoVw (ratio cogniscendie) hmoVm h¡. ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Eogr pñW{V‘| àm‘mÊ`H$m{ZH$f `mWmÏ ©=AWm©Z{Vd{V©Ëd hr hmo gH$Vm h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ g{dH$ënH$àË`j AWm©V² {dH$ënmÜ`dgm` H$m àíZ CR>Vm h¡ VmoEogo àË`j‘| `{X ’$bm{dg§dm{Xàd¥{ÎmOZH$Vm AWm©V² Theory of Utility

‘mÝ` Z hmo Vmo Eogo g{dH$ënàË`jH$mo àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZZo ghgm H$moB© CÚV Zhthmo nm oJm.

Bgr Vah kmZHo$ Vrgao ñVana AWm©V² namojmnamoj dñVw{df`H$ kmZ `mdñVwàË`` Ho$ ~mao‘| ""AZ{YJV-A~m{YVmW©{df`H§$ kmZ§ à‘mU§'' bjUH$moH$maJa ‘mZZm Mm{h o. AWm©V² VXZwê$n nmíMmË` Xe©Z‘| Theory of Coherence

`hm§ H$maJa {gÕ hmo nm oJr. Š`m|{H$ Eogr pñW{V‘| Xmo àË``m|Ho$ ~rM nañnaA~m{YVVm/A~mÜ`Vm Am¡a àË``mW© dñVwH$s AÝ`Wm AZ{YJVVm hr àË``H$moà‘mUnXdrna Amê$‹T> hmoZoH$m A{YH$mar ~ZmVr h¡.

Bg àmW{‘H$ ñnîQ>rH$aUHo$ ~mX A~ `h gwIoZ g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$kmZHo$ BZ VrZm| ñVam|Ho$ ~mao‘| Omo AZoH${dY d¡H$pënH$ ÑpîQ>`m§ {MÝVH$m|ZoAnZm`r h¢ CZHo$ nmíMmË` VH©$emñÌr` A E I O Am¡a U Propositins H$sVah nm§M àH$ma hmo gH$Vo h¢. `Wm :-

A=g^r ÑpîQ>`m§ àm‘m{UH$ h¢.E=H$moB© ^r ÑpîQ> àm‘m{UH$ Zht hmoVr.I=Hw$N> ÑpîQ>`m§ àm‘m{UH$ hmoVr h¢.O=Hw$N> ÑpîQ>`m§ àm‘m{UH$ Zht hmoVr.U=H$moB© EH$ hr ÑpîQ> àm‘m{UH$ hmoVr h¡.

BZ‘| A {dYm‘o gd©ÑpîQ>Am|na AZwJ«h àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. E {dYm‘| gd©ÑpîQ>àhmUh¡. I / O {dYmAm|‘| H${Vn` ÑpîQ>Am|na AZwJ«h `m H${Vn` ÑpîQ>Am|H$m àhmUh¡. ApÝV‘ U {dYm‘| {H$gr EH$ ÑpîQ>na AZwJ«h AWdm {H$gr EH$ ÑpîQ>H$màhmU àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡.

gd©àW‘ U {dYmHo$ ‘yb‘| Omo AZwJ«h `m àhmU ê$n Xmo oX hmoVo h¢, CZ‘|àhmUHo$ nwZ… Xmo AdmÝVa oX `m| gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢ {H$ àhmU Ho$db ñdmW© `mnamW© ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. CXmaUV`m JrVmon{XîQ> ñdnaY‘©Û¡VdmXHo$ A§JrH$ma‘|naY‘©H$m ñdmW© àhmU A{^àoV hmoZona ^r namW© àhmU A{^àoV Zht hmoVm.Ho$db AnZo Y‘©H$mo gÀMm ‘mZZodmbm|Ho$ ‘V‘| O~{H$ naY‘©H$m namW© ^r àhmUA{^àoV hmoVm h¡. O¡go {H$ {H$gr EH$ {H$Vm~Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr ^r{H$Vm~H$m AZwgaU {H$grH$mo H$m{’$a ~Zm XoVm hmoZogo namW© ^r àhmU A{^àoV‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. `hm§ `h AdYo h¡ {H$ nmíMmË` VH©$emñÌm{^‘V {dH$ënHo$O¡go ‘¥Xw Am¡a H$R>moa Xmo à oX ñdrH$mao J o h¢. BZ à oXm|Ho$ ~rM H$R>moa{dH$ënV`m[ ñdÑpîQ> / ñdr`oVaÑpîQ ] >ê$n ñdr`oVaÑpîQ>àhmU A{^àoV hmoVm h¡. `hm§ñdÑpîQ> Am¡a ñdr oVaÑpîQ> `m| XmoZm| ÑpîQ>`m§ EH$ gmW gË` Zht hmo gH$Vr.BgHo$ {dnarV ñdr oVa ÑpîQ>na AZwJ«hHo$ ^r Bgr Vah Xmo Cn oX hmo gH$Vo h¢.CXmhaUV`m àm`… EH$Xo{e‘VH$mo Añd‘V ‘mZ H$a r d¡H$pënH$V`m A{ZagZr`

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‘mZ {b`m OmVm h¡. AWdm H$^r Eogm ^r hmoVm h¡ {H$ AÝ`‘VH$m AnZo ‘V‘|AÝV^m©d {XIbm {X`m OmVm h¡. Bg VahHo$ BZ Xmo Cn oXm|H$mo `m| g‘Pm gH$Vmh¡ : 1d¡H$pënH$VmHo$ A§JrH$made AZwJ«h [ñdÑpîQ> v ñdr oVaÑpîQ>]. `hm§ {ÛVr`‘¥Xw{dH$ënV`m ñdÑpîQ> Am¡a ñdr oVaÑpîQ> XmoZm| hr ñdmW©-namW© oXde gË` hmogH$Vr h¢. CXmhaUV`m {edmonmgH$mW© {edH$m naXodËddmX {dîUynmgH$mW©{dîUwH$m naXodËddmX `m| XmoZm| hr àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢. 2EH$Xo{eVmHo$A§JrH$made AZwJ«hñdÑpîQ>=A Z I=ñdr`oVaÑpîQ>. `hm§ ñd‘V‘| na‘VH$mAÝV^m©d O¡go gßVnXmW©dm{XAm|Zo fmoS>enXmW©dm{XAm|Ho$ nXmWm]H$m gßV nXmWm]‘|AÝV^m©d à{Vnm{XV H$a {X`m. `h bJ^J d¡gr hr pñW{V h¡ OmoJm¡V‘gyÌ(1&1&26)‘| à{Vnm{XV VÝÌ{gÕmÝV Am¡a A{YH$aU{gÕmÝV Ho$ ~rMñdrH$mar J`r h¡.

I Am¡a O propositions Vmo BVaoVa{ZfoY‘wIV`m BVaoVa-AWm©n{Îm‘| n ©d{gVhmoVo hmoZogo, EH$ hr ~mVHo$ Ho$db {d{Y‘wI `m {ZfoY‘wI H$hZoHo$ {dYmJV oXhr h¢. AV… Bg àH$maH$s {ddoMZmHo$

{dñVma‘| OmZm ~hþV Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm.

A Am¡a E {dYmAm|‘| H«$‘e… gd©ÑîQ>çZwJ«h Am¡a gd©ÑpîQ>àhmU {Zê${nVhmoVm h¡. BZ‘| gd©ÑpîQ>àhmUHo$ O¡go VrZ AdmÝVa à oX hmoVo h¢ d¡go hr VrZ hrAdmÝVa à^oX gd©ÑîQ>çZwJ«hHo$ ^r hmoVo h¢. `m| Hw$b N>h à^oX hmoVo h¢ :1VÎdmk o`Vm §JrH ¥ $ {V‘ ybH$ àhmU 2VÎdmkmVVm §JrH ¥ $ {V‘ ybH$ àhmU3VÎdgpÝX½YVm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ àhmU 4na‘mWm©na‘mW©^oXm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ AZwJ«h5à‘mU-Z` oXm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ AZwJ«h 6gdm©Ë‘Vm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ AZwJ«h.

A~ BÝh| g{ddaU Bg Vah g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ :

1d¡go Vmo ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|Ho$ ^r AZoH$ oXmon oX h¢ naÝVw eyÝ`Vm `m VWVmMVwîH$moQ²>çVrV nÄM‘r H$moQ>r h¡ `m Ho$db MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z©‘moH$ AWm©V² Mmam|H$mo{Q>`m|H$m Ho$db AnmohZ `m {ZagZ? Bg {df`‘| ^JdmZ² ~wÕHo$ A{^àm`m|H$m

AZwgaU H$aZm hmo Vmo ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm {H$ eyÝ`Vm nm§Mdt H$moB© nXmW©H$mo{Q>Z hmo H$a Ho$db Mma H$mo{Q>Am|H$m empãXH$ {ZfoY‘mÌ h¡, AWm©V² dh gd©{dYdmÀ`m|H$m AnmohZ Ho$db h¡. O¡Zm|Zo O¡go nm§Mdt N>Ç>r Am¡a gmVdt H$mo{Q>`m§ ^rBg {ddmX‘| àñVm{dV H$s CZ‘|go H$moB© EH$ H$moQ>r AmJ«{hbV`m ^JdmZ² ~wÕHo$g‘j àñVwV H$s Om o Vmo CgH$m ^r {ZagZ hr ^JdmZ² ~wÕH$mo A{^àoV hmoJm.Bgo nadVu `moJmMma VWm ‘mÜ`{‘H$ XmoZm|Ho$ nydm}Õ¥V VWm AÝ` ^r Hw$N>eyÝ`Vmgå~ÝYr CÒmam|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona gabV`m g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡""AñVr{V dXVmo ~«y‘mo ZmpñV gdª {dMmaVmo, ZmñVr{V dXVmo ~«y‘… gd©‘²AñË`{dMmaV…. `Wm-`Wm g‘mamonm… Om`ÝVo VÎd`mo{JZ… VWm-VWmg‘mam onm… hÝ`ÝVo VÎd`m o{JZm.''(19) ""ì`md¥{Îm… gd©Ñï>rZm §H$ëß`H$ënZd{O©Vm''(20) ""`ÚeyÝ`§ ^doV² {H$pÄMV² ñ`mÀNy>Ý`{‘{V{H$ÄMZ, Z {H$pÄMXñË`eyÝ § M Hw$V… eyÝ § ^{dî`{V? eyÝ`Vm gd©ÑîQ>rZm§àmoŠVm {Z…gaU§ {OZ¡… ofmÝVw eyÝ`VmÑpîQ>… AgmÜ`mZ² VmZ² ~^m{fao.''(21)

EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {Z~uO AgåàkmVg‘m{Y O¡gr J«mh² -J«mhH$-J«hU{dd{O©V {MÎmH$s g^r {dH$ënm|go eyÝ`mdñWm hr {dkmZdmXr VWm ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|Ho$ ‘V‘| ^r eyÝ`V`m A{^àoV h¡ Z{H$ {MÎmoVa {H$gr VÎdH$s {H$gr ^r àH$maHo${dH$ënHo$ gmW ko Vm. {’$a^r XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM Omo ‘V oX h¡ dh Ho$db BVZogoA§e‘| h¡ {H$ {dkmZdmXr {dkmZH$mo na‘mW© gË` ‘mZVo h¢ O~{H$ ‘mÜ`{‘H$CgHo$ ~mao‘| ^r eyÝ`VmH$s hr ÑpîQ>H$m CnXoe XoVo h¢. AV… yamon‘| B©‘mÝ wEbH$mÝQ>Zo Thing as it is unknowable Am¡a Thing as it appeares is

knowable H$m O¡gm VmaVå` à{Vnm{XV {H$`m Wm, d¡gm hr Hw$N> `hm§ ^r ‘mZH$a MbZm Mm{hE. AVEd (H$)""Ûo gË o g‘wnm{lË` ~wÕmZm§ Y‘©XoeZm bmoHo$g§d¥{VgË § M gË`ÄM na‘mW©V…'' (I)""g§d¥{V… na‘mWª M gË`Û`{‘X§ pñWV§~wÕo… AJmoMa… VÎd§ ~w{Õ… g§d¥{VéÀ`Vo'' (J)""àVrË`g‘wËnÝZ§ dñVwê$n§"g§d¥{V…' CÀ`Vo. VXod "bmoH$g§d¥{VgË`‘²' B{V A{^Yr`Vo, bmoH$ñ ¡dg§d¥Ë`m VV² gË`{‘{V H¥$Ëdm... gd©ñ` {h àVrË`g‘wËnÝZñ` nXmW©ñ`{Z…ñd^mdVm nma‘m{W©H§$ ê$n‘²''(22) CÒmam|Ho$ AmYmana na‘mW©V… Ako VmAm¡a ì`dhmaV… ê$n-{dkmZ-doXZm-g§ñH$ma-g§kmê$n nÄMñH$ÝYm|‘| àVrV hmoVràVrË`g‘wËnmXVm ê$nr ko VmHo$ ê$n‘| "VÎdmko Vm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ gd©ÑpîQ>àhmU'Bgo H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡.

27 28

2Bggo {^ÝZV`m {H$gr ~mh² `m Amä`ÝVa VÎdH$mo ko V`m ñdrH$maZoHo$~mdOyX BX{‘ËWV`m dmUrHo$ {~Zm Hw$N> ^r {Zê${nV Zht hmo nmVm h¡ Am¡admUrgo Vmo dhr {Zê${nV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mobZoH$s H«$s‹S>mHo$ hoVw h‘Zo O¡go/{OZdmL²>{Z`‘m|H$mo K‹S>m hmoVm h¡. m| ko V`m Hw$N> ñdrH$ma boZoHo$ ~mdOyX dñVwVÎdH$moAdmÀ`-An[a^mî` AWm©V² bjUmZh© ñdrH$maZodmbr {dÅ>J°ÝñQ>rZHo$ O¡gr ÑpîQ>AWm©V² bjUmh©ËdoZ VÎdmkmVVm§JrH¥${V‘ybH$ ^r EH$ gd©ÑpîQ>àhmU hmo gH$Vmh¡. Bgo {dkmZdmXr `moJmMma‘VHo$ gÕ‘©b§H$mdVmagyÌ Ho$ ""~wÕçm{ddoÀ`‘mZmZm§ ñd^mdmo ZmdYm`©Vo Vñ‘mXZ{^bß`mñVo {Z…ñd^mdmíMXo{eVm…''(23) Bg à{gÕ dMZHo$ AmYmana ^br^m§{V g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.Eogr ÑpîQ> VÎdmonßbd dmŠ`nXr` IÊS>ZIÊS>ImÚ {MËgwIr Am{X J«ÝWm|‘|CnbãY hmoVr {ZépŠV{dahVmHo$ à{VnmXZgo gwg§JV bJVr h¡. Bgo O¡Zm|Ho$""ñ`mX² ApñV M AdŠVì § M'' eãXZ`mÝVJ©V nm§Mdr H$moQ>rHo$ g‘mZ ñdrH$mamOm gH$Vm h¡.

3gd©ÑpîQ>àhmUmW© yamonr` {MÝVZ‘| h² y‘ O¡gm|Ho$ Ûmam gÝXohdmXr {dMmaYmamH$m{dH$mg O¡gm-{OVZm hþdm d¡gr {dMmaYmam naÝVw `hm§ ^maV‘| H$moB© àH$Q> hþ rhmo Eogm H$‘go H$‘ ‘wPo Vmo kmV Zht h¡. AV… Bgo [aŠVdJ©V`m hr àñVm{dVH$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡.

4MVwW© gd©ÑpîQ>àhmUH$mo {ZfoY‘wIe¡br‘| ~mobZoHo$ ~Om` {d{Y‘wIe¡br‘|~mob H$a gd©ÑîQ²>çZwJ«h ^r eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡. AWm©V² na‘mW©V… Hw$N> ^ràm‘m{UH$ Zht hmoZona ^r ì`dhma‘| g^r Hw$N> gå^d hmoVm h¡. AV… Ho$dbna‘mW©Ñï²>çm gd©ÑpîQ>Am|H$mo {ZamH$aUr` ‘mZZona ^r ì`dhmaÑîQ²>çm CÝh| ‘mÝ`aIZoH$s {MÝVZàUmbr r Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|H$s r {XIbm`r XoVr h¡. CXmhaUV`m{d{dY XodVmAm|Ho$ naVÎdVmHo$ {ddmX‘| AWdm ñd § Ho$dbmÛ¡{VAm|Ho$ AZoH${dY^m‘Vr {ddaU `m dm{V©H$ Am{X àñWmZm|‘| ì`mdhm[aH$ ñVana nañna {déÕ‘V^oXm|‘| g^rH$mo ‘mÝ` aIZm, Bg à{VnmXZe¡brH$s {deofVm h¡. nadVuHo$dbmÛ¡Vr J«ÝWH$mam|H$s Eogr {dMmae¡br {XIbm`r XoVr h¡. Jm¡‹S>nmXH$m[aH$mHo$o CÒma ""ñd{gÕmÝVì`dñWmgw Û¡{VZmo {ZpíMVm ÑT>§ nañna§ {déÕçÝVo

V¡a § Z {déÕçVo''(24) ‘| g^r ÑpîQ>Am|Ho$ na‘mW©ÑîQ²>çm {ZamH$aUHo$ gmW-

gmW dmM{ZH$ gd©ÑîQ²>çZwJ«h ^r àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡ Eogm ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vmh¡.

5O¡gm {H$ nhbo hr BgH$m {Zê$nU H$a MwHo$ VXZwgma O¡Zm|Zo XwZ© ÑpîQ>Z`ÑpîQ> Am¡a à‘mUÑpîQ> Ho$ VmaVå`Ûmam AÝ`mÝ` ‘Vm|H$mo, ñd‘Vr` AZoH$mÝVdmXgo~mh²`ÑpîQ>V`m {‘Ï`mÑpîQ> hmoZoHo$ H$maU A‘mÝ` aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX CÝht{‘Ï`mÑpîQ>Am|H$mo nwZ…, "ñ`mV²'{ZnmVmonÝ`mgnyd©H$ AZoH$mÝVdmXm§JV`màm‘m{UH$V`m ^r ‘mÝ` aIm h¡. AÝ``moJì`dÀN>oXÛmqÌ{eH$mH$ma lrho‘MÝÐH$hVo h¢ ""gXod gV² ñ`mËgX² B{V {ÌYmWm} ‘r oV XwZu{V-Z`-à‘mU¡….''(25)

AV… (AZoH$mÝVdmX=‹AZI=gßV{dYZ`) Eogr ^r EH$ e¡br gd©ÑîQ²>çZwJ«hH$shmo hr gH$Vr h¡.

6Bg Eogo AZoH$mÝVdmXH$s VwbZm‘| Cn{ZfXm|‘| CnbãY hmoVr ~«m{÷H$sgdm©Ë‘VmÑpîQ> `m gd©ê$nVmÑpîQ> Ho$ AÝVaH$m d¡bjÊ` ^br^m§{V g‘P boZmAË`mdí`H$ h¡.

(H$)nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X² yV§ `V² M ^ì §...gdm©{U ê$nm{U{d{MË` Yra… Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm A{^dXZ² `X² AmñVo.(I)`V² M {H$pÄMX² OJV² gdª Ñí`Vo ly Vo@{n dm AÝV~©{híMVV² gdª ì`mß` Zmam`U… pñWV….(J)`ñVw gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘Ý od AZwní`{V, gd© yVofw MmË‘mZ§VVmo Z {dOwJwßgVo, pñ‘Z² gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘¡d A yX² {dOmZV…,VÌ H$mo ‘moh… H$… emoH$… EH$Ëd‘² AZwní`V….(K)Ef{h Xod… à{Xemo@Zwgdm©…, nydm}{h OmV… gC J } AÝV…, g{dOm`‘mZ… g O{Zî`‘mU… àË`L²>‘wIm… {Vð>{V {dídVmo‘wI….`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n§ {díd§ nwamU§...VXod Ap½Z… VX²dm w… VV² gy ©… VXw MÝБm VXod ewH«$‘² A‘¥V§ VX² Amn… gàOmn{V….(L>)~«÷dm BX‘J« AmgrV² VX² AmË‘mZ‘od AdoX Ah§ ~«÷mpñ‘B{V Vñ‘mV² gd©‘² A^dV². BX§ gd© `X² A`‘² AmË‘m.

29 30

(M)EH$ñVWm gd© yVmÝVamË‘m ê$n§-ê$n§ à{Vê$nmo ~{híM.(N>)g ` Efmo@{U‘m EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘²A{g.(O)nyU©‘X… nyU©{‘X§ nyUm©ËnyU©‘wXÀ`Vo nyU©ñ` nyU©‘mXm`nyU©‘odmd{eî`Vo.(26)

BZ Am¡n{ZfX dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU Eogm {ZîH$f©{ZH$mbVo h¢ {H$ ‘ybV… Am¡n{ZfX ~«÷ gOmVr` {dOmVr` ñdJV oXm|go a{hVEH$‘odm{ÛVr` hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ako -AdmÀ` hmoZona ^r gd©ê$nm|‘| ko mË‘Zm Ed§dmÀ`mË‘Zm ñdV… hr àH$Q> hþdm h¡(27). AV… nyU©go nyU©H$m àmH$Q²>ç AnZrnyU©VmH$mo AIÊS>V`m {Z^mZodmbm hmoVm hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~«÷ gd©{dY dmXm|goAVrV ^r h¡ Am¡a gd©{dY dmXm|Ho$ AZwê$n ^r hmoVm h¡(28). ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nH$moZmZmdmXmZwamo{Y {XIbmVo hþdo ‘hmà wH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ d¡{XH$ÑpîQ>go Omo ‘mÝ`{gÕmÝV hmo AWdm d¡{XH$ÑpîQ>go Omo {gÕmÝVm^mg hm| AWdm d¡{XH$ÑpîQ>go Omo‘mÝ`Vm nmfpÊS>VmnyU© hm| CZ Eogr g^r YmaUmAm|Ho$ AZwgma ^JdmZ² ê$n YmaUH$a gH$Vo h¢ VWm H$aVo hmoVo h¢. AV… ñd § ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdV… gd©ê$n hmoZogo g^rHw$N> CnnÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… Omo CgH$m O¡go {Zê$nU H$aZm MmhVm h¡ CgHo$à{V ^JdmZ²H$m d¡gm hr ñdê$n dñVwV… àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ²‘|gd©{dY dmÀ`ê$nm| Am¡a dmMH$eãXm| Ho$ ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmoZoH$s ghO epŠV/gm‘Ï`© hmoVr h¡.(29) Bg ""gd©dmXmZdgaËdo g{V ZmZmdmXmZwamo{YVm''(30)H$sì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo ‘hmà wZo `h ^r H$hm h¡ {H$ g¥pîQ>Ho$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-ZmeHo$AZoH${dY {Zê$nUm|Ûmam emñÌ r hr g‘PmZm MmhVo h¢ {H$ ‘ybVÎd EH$‘odm{ÛVr`Aì`ŠV ^r h¡ Am¡a AZÝVê$n ^r. dh {dídê$n ^r h¡ Am¡a {dídmVrV ^r.CgHo$ Eogo ñdê$nH$s Cnn{Îm Xmo Vahgo gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¡. EH$ Vmo CgHo$gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©H$m {dMma H$aHo$-Xygao CgHo$ {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoH$m {dMmaH$aHo$. Š`m|{H$ AZoH${dY dmXm|H$mo àñVm{dV H$aZodmbo {d{dY {MÝVH$ ~«÷Ho$Eogo BZ Xmo nhbwAm|H$mo AmYma yV ‘mZ H$a AnZr-AnZr ~mV Zht H$hVo Am¡ado AnZr hr Am§{eH$ YmaUmHo$ AZwgma ‘ybê$nH$mo n[apÀN>ÝZ ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢;AV…, dm{XAm|H$s Eogr YmaUmHo$ gÝX ©‘| ~«÷H$mo "gd©dmXmZdga' H$hm OmVm h¡Z{H$ CZHo$ dmXm|Ho$ gÝX ©‘|. ~«÷Ho$ {H$gr EH$ AgH$b {deof nhbwH$m {Zê$nUgH$bVmHo$ XmdoHo$ gmW {H$`m Om` Vmo ~mV {~J‹S> OmVr h¡. AÝ`Wm dmUr‘|

XmofmÝdofU AZmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. Xygao eãXm|‘| Bgo `m| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$O¡Z‘V‘| Vmo AZoH$mÝVdmXm§J^yV "ñ`mV²'{ZnmVmW©dVr à‘mUÑpîQ>go a{hVAñVrË`m{X EH$mÝVÑpîQ>`m§ XwZ©`ÑpîQ>V`m namW© ^r hmnZr` ~Z OmVr h¢.O~{H$ ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ AZwgma gd©dmXmZdga ~«÷ hr gd©dmXmZwamo{Y~Z OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~Z gH$Vm hmoZogo (O¡Zm|H$s n[a^mfmHo$ AZwgma {dH$bmXoe r)Ho$db ñdmW© hr àhmnZr` hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² namW© dh àhmnZr` Zht hmoVm. O¡Zm|Ho$AZwgma ñ`mÛmXê$nm à‘mUÑpîQ> gH$bmXoeê$nm hmoZo ñdnamo `mW© AZwJ«mh²hmoVr h¡. O~{H$ Cggo ~{h^y©V XwZ©`ÑpîQ> ñdnamo^`mW© àhmnZr` hmoVr h¡.dmëb^ ‘V‘| naÝVw A~«m{÷H$s ÑpîQ> ñdmW© àhmnZr` hmoZona r namW© àhmnZr`mZht hmoVr. AVEd O¡Zm|H$s Vah ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| ^r ~«÷dmX gH$bmXoe h¡ Am¡aAÝ` gmao dmX {dH$bmXoe, ñd § CÝhtHo$ eãXm|‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo ""EH¡$H$mo dmXmo~«÷U… EH¡$H$Y‘©à{VnmXH$dmŠ`eofB{V ^JdmZ² VmZ² gdm©Z odAZwga{V.''(31) AWm©V² {dH$bmXoeH$m ^r ~«÷ÑîQ>çm àm‘mÊ` gå^d h¡-~«÷H$s à{Vnm{XH$m lw{VAm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZV`m Mmho Z ^r gå^d hmo

CXmhaUV`m """Ag§»`Vm'H$m AW©-g§»`mAm|H$s B`ÎmmH$m A{ZYm©a h¡''Bg {dYmZHo$ AZwgma naÝVw {H$VZr g§»`mHo$ ~mX g§»`mH$s B`ÎmmH$s A{ZYm©[aVVmdŠVm-lmoVmHo$ ~w{Õ‘| Amê$‹T> hmoVr h¡? Bgo H$h nmZm ‘wpíH$b ~mV h¡. ^maV‘|JUZmH$s Ad{Y na `m namY© n ©ÝV hþ r h¡. A~ trillion g§»`m Cggo ^rXgJwZr A{YH$ hmo Vmo namY©Ho$ àË``go AVrVVm Am¡a {Q´>{bAZHo$ àË``goAVrVVm XmoZm| hr Ag§»`VmHo$ àË``Ho$ CnbjU ~Z|Jo. CnbjUm|Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoZona ^r Cnb{jV Ag§»`VmHo$ XmoZm| hr àË`` "gH$b-àË``' H$hoOm |Jo. AV… ~mV XmoZm|H$s àm‘m{UH$ hr ‘mZZr n‹S>oJr. {’$a^r namYm©VrV-g§»`m@{ZYm©admXr, naÝVw, {Q´>{bAZmVrVg§»`m@{ZYm©admXrH$mo Aà‘m{UH$ ‘mZVmhmo Vmo Eogr YmaUmHo$ gÝX^©‘| dh àË`` gË` Zht ah Om`oJm. {’$a^rdmŠ`mW©gÝX^©‘| Cgo {‘Ï`m Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. Bgr Vah g^r dmX,YmaUmAm|Ho$ gÝX^m]‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ m {dH$b hmoVo hm| m Z hmoVo hm|, dmŠ`mW©gÝX ©‘|Vmo àm‘m{UH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢. Bg AW©‘| ~«÷H$mo "ZmZmdmXmZwamo{Y' ^r ‘mZm J`mh¡. ‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma EH$-EH$ dmX ~«÷Ho$ EH$-EH$ Y‘©H$m à{VnmXH$ hmogH$Vm h¡. AV… ~«÷{dMmade g^r dmX àm‘m{UH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷Ho$

31 32

gd© dZg‘W© Am¡a {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoHo$ gÝX ©‘| g^r dmŠ` à‘mUê$n hmogH$V o h ¢ : ""Vñ‘mV² gd©‘ od dmŠ`§ à‘mU§ `V… gm gañdVrgd©Vmo‘wIm''#B(32)#A ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ AZwgma ~«÷H$s Bg ñdm^m{dH$sgd© dZgm‘Ï ©H$mo à‘mU{dMma à‘o {dMma gmYZ{dMma Am¡a ’$b{dMma Ho$nhbwAm|go XoIZona BgH$m ñdê$n gd©Wm gwñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡. AV… VXW© CgH$sMMm©Ho$ {~Zm Bg {Zê$nUH$m Cng§hma AZw{MV hmoJm.

à‘mU{dMmade gd©dmÀ`-gd©dmMH$ê$nm epŠV`m§ O~ ^JdmZ²‘| ghO-ñdm^m{dH$s hm| Vmo, dmMH$eãXm|go AZZw{dÕ kmZ Vmo à‘mU hmo Zht gH$Vm,AV… gd©{dY kmZm|‘| AZwJV eãXmZwdoY gd©{dY kmZm|H$mo ~«m{÷H$ gÝX ©‘|àm‘mÊ`dmhH$ ~Zm XoVm h¡.

à‘o`{dMmade ^r ""g gdª ^d{V''(33) ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gdª VV²gË`‘²''(34) ""^moŠVm ^mo½ § ào[aVma§ ‘Ëdm gdª àmoŠV§ {Ì{dY§ ~«÷‘oVV²''(35)

Am{X Cn{ZfX²dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana O~ g~ Hw$N> dhr ~Zm h¡ Vmo {H$gr ^rXe©Zm{^‘V à‘o`H$mo gd©Wm ~m{YVmW© ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. Š`m|{H$^mJdV‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ ""^JdmZ² gd© yVofw b{jV… ñdmË‘Zm h[a… Ñí ¡…~wÕçm{X{^… ÐîQ>m bjU¡… AZw‘mnH¡$…''(36). BgH$s ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo ‘hmà wH$hVo h¢ {H$ Z¡ m{`H$m|Zo H$Vm©Ho$ ê$n‘|, ‘r‘m§gH$m|Zo {H«$`mHo$ ê$n‘|, doXmpÝVAm|ZoAmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘|, gm§»`m|Zo H$aU hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘|, AÝ`m|Zo kmZ hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘|, {H$grZokmVmHo$ ê$n‘|, `m| g^rZo ^JdmZ²Ho$ EH¡$H$XoeH$mo AnZo-AnZo AZw d Am¡awpŠVAm|Ho$ AmYmana {gÕ H$aZm Mmhm h¡. o g^r ê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ bjU hmo

gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a BZgo A§eVmo ^JdÁkmZ nm`m hr Om gH$Vm h¡.(37).

Bgr Vah gmYZ Am¡a ’$b Ho$ {dMmaHo$ gÝX ©‘| ‘hmà wH$m àñVwV dMZAZwgÝYo h¡ : """g d¡ Z¡d ao‘o. Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V².g EVmdmZ² Amg' BZ lw{VAm|Ho$ AmYmana "Ef C h²`od gmYw H$‘©H$ma`{V...' Bg lw{VHo$ ^r AmYmana `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ²CZ-CZ gmYZm|H$mo H$am H$a CZ-CZ ’$bm|H$m| XoVo h¢ Am¡a `h g~ Hw$N>^JdmZ² {ZO H«$sS>mW© hr OJV²Ho$ ê$n‘| Am{d y©V hmo H$a Ho$db H«$s‹S>m hr

H$a aho h¢, Eogm d¡{XH$m|H$m {ZU©` h¡. `hr ~mV doXHo$ XmoZm| H$mÊS>m|‘|à{Vnm{XV hþ r h¡. AÝ`Wm OrdmË‘mHo$ gmYZ’$bm|H$m {Zê$nU H$aZodmbrlw{VAm|H$mo ~«÷na ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` Ordna ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. V~ Vmolw{Và{VnmÚ H$‘© Am¡a ~«÷ H$mo ^r OrdeofV`m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.''(38)

Bggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ AZoH$mÝVdmXr {dYm Am¡a Bg {dYm‘| Hw$N>‘m¡{bH$ AÝVa h¡. dhm§ AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ à‘mUÑpîQ>Ho$ AÝVJ©V EoH$mpÝVH$ Z`ÑpîQ>Am|H$moAZwJ«mh²` ‘mZm J`m O~{H$ AZ¡H$mpÝVH$ à‘mUÑ{ï>go ~{h^y©V EoH$mpÝVH$XwZ©`ÑpîQ>Am|H$mo àhmnZr` {‘Ï`mÑpîQ> ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bg {dYm‘|, O~{H$,~«m{÷H$ ÑpîQ> Z hmoZoHo$ AnamYde {H$gr ^r ÑpîQ>Ho$ AZwgma {H$`m OmVmVÎd{Zê$nU Aàm‘m{UH$ Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, AWm©V² dh ñd § XwZ© Zht ~ZOmVm. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñdr oVa {Zê$nUH$mo à‘mUV`m Z ñdrH$maZmhr Ho$db {‘Ï`mÑpîQ> h¡. Š`m|{H$ dh ~«÷H$s gd©^dZgm‘Ï`© Am¡a{déÕY‘m©l`VmH$m AZ§JrH$ma h¡. hr gdm©Ë‘ê$n ~«÷Ho$ nyU©VmH$mo ñdrH$maZodmbrnyU© ~«m{÷H$s ÑpîQ> h¡. AVEd dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| nanj{ZamH$aU Ho$dbdoXVmËn ©{df`r yV `m VX{df`r yV nXmW©‘r‘m§gmHo$ ê$n‘| AZwîR>o hmoVm h¡.`h ‘hmà wHo$ ""doXm… lrH¥$îUdmŠ`m{Z ì`mggyÌm{U M¡d {h g‘m{Y^mfmì`mgñ` à‘mU§ VÀMVwï>`‘², CÎma§ nyd©gÝXohdmaH§$ n[aH$s{V©V‘² A{déÕÝVw`Îdñ` à‘mU§ VÀM ZmÝ`Wm EV{ÛéÕ§ `Ëgdª Z VÝ‘mZ§ H$WÄMZ, AWdmgd©ê$nËdmÝZm‘brbm{d oXV… {déÕm§en[aË`mJmV² à‘mU§ gd©‘od {h''(39)

CÒmam|H$m à‘wI ahñ` h¡. AWm©V² doX¡H$doÚ ~«÷H$s gdm©Ë‘H$Vm/gd©ê$nVm hr~«÷H$s Vah dmëb^ {MÝVZH$mo ^r {déÕY‘m©l`r ~ZmVr h¢ {H$ H$B© gmarÑpîQ>`m§ doXm{^àm`V`m {‘Ï`m hmoZona r doX¡H$doÚ ~«÷ñdê$nHo$ gÝX ©‘| àm‘m{UH$hmo gH$Vr h¢*.

CÕaUg§Ho$V 1.fS²>Xe©Zg‘wÀM` : 2-3. 2.Ðï>ì`:CŠV fS²>Xe©Zg‘wÀM`H$s y{‘H$m‘| lrXm‘moXabmb Jmoñdm‘r. 3.gwÎm{nQ>H$mÝVJ©V XrK{ZH$m`Ho$ ~«÷OmbgwÎm‘| V¥Vr` àH$aU.

33 34

4.VÌ¡d. 5.‘Ü`‘H$emñÌ:18&9-AÛ`dO«g§J«h:n¥ð>19. 6.‘mÊSw>Š`H$m[aH$mem§H$a^mî` : 4&83-84. 7.ÐîQ>ì` IÊS>ZIÊS>ImÚ.1&8 : ""gwXyaYmdZlmÝVm ~mY~w{Õnaånam

{d{Zd¥ÎmmÛ`måZm ¡… nmpîU©J«mh¡{d©Or`Vo''. 8.lr‘XÛ`dO«nmXH¥$V AÛ`dO«g§J«h : n¥îR>.62. 9.àgÝZnXm : 22&11. 10.XeíbmoH$s : 10/11?. 11.ñ`mÛmX‘ÄOar : 28. 12.VÌ¡d. 13.gd©Xe©Zg§J«hmonmoÓmVn¥îR> : 84-85. 14.gd©Xe©Zg§J«hmonmÓmVn¥îR> : 90-91. 15.B©ídaà{Vn{ÎmàH$men¥îR> : 1-10. 16.doXmÝVH$ënb{VH$mn¥îR> : 1-6. 17.gXgÛmXmo ~«÷{dkmZn¥ð> : 0-3. 18.ÐîQ>ì` : ‘mZ‘o ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$Ho$ à‘o H$mÊS>‘| àW‘n[aÀN>o-

XmÝVJ©V MVwW©àH$aU. 19.lr‘XÛ`dO«nmXH¥$V AÛ`dO«g§J«h : n¥îR>.62. 20.gÕ‘©bL²H$mdVmagy̧ : 10&483-84. 21.‘Ü`‘H$emņ̃ : 13&7-8. 22.(H$)‘Ü`‘H$emņ̃ : 24&8.(I)~mo{YM`m©dVma… : 9&2.(J)VÌË ¡d

npÄOH$m. 23.gÕ‘©b§H$mdVmagyÌ : 2&175. 24.‘mÊSy>Š`mon{ZfËH$m[aH$m : 3&17. 25.AÝ``moJì`dÀN>oXÛmqÌ{eH$m : 28. 26.(H$)nwéfgyŠV : 1,7. (I)Zmam`UgyŠV : 1. (J)B©emdmñ`mo-

n{ZfX² : 6-7. (K)‘hmZmamUmonm{ZfX² : 1&1&5-7. (L>)~¥h-

XmaÊ`H$mon{ZX² : 1&4&10,4&5&7. (M)H$R>mo{ZfX² : 2&2&9.(N>)N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZX² : 6&8&7. (O)~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : empÝV-nmR>.

27.nÌmdbå~Z : H$m[a.1. 28.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&70. 29.gw~mo{YZr : 10&13&43. 30.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&70. 31.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$me : 1&70 32.VÌ¡d : 2&173. 33.~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&4&6. 34.N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&8&5. 35.ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 1&12. 36.^mJdVnwamU : 2&2&35. 37.gw~mo{YZr : 2&2&35. 38.~«÷gyÌmUw mî` : 1&1&11. 39.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&8-9.

*àñVwV {Z~ÝY‘| à{VnmÚ {dMma{~ÝXw, ES²>dm§g² ñQ>S>r BZ g§ñH¥$V, nyU|-{díd{dÚmb`Ho$ g§‘mZZr` lr dr.EZ². PmOrH$s àoaUmde CZHo$ Ho$ÝБ| ""ZoMa²E§S²> ’§$ŠeZ² Am°’$ ‘mB§S²>'' na Am`mo{OV go{‘Zma‘| ‘m¡pIH$ MMm©Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘¢Z|àñVwV {H$ o Wo. lrPmOrHo$ AmJ«hna níMmV² nwZ… `Wmo{MV g§emoYZ-n[adY©ZHo$gmW CŠV Ho$ÝÐH$mo {bpIV à~ÝYHo$ ê$n‘| ^r oOm {X`m Wm. gmo ""h² w‘Z² ‘mB§S²>E§S²> ‘erZ²'' J«ÝW‘| lrgX²Jwé nãbrHo$eÝg² {XëbrÛmam gZ² 2003 df©‘| àH$m{eV

35 36

^r hþdm h¡. `hm§ nwZ… Cgr à~ÝY‘| Hw$N> Ano{jV Wmo‹S>o-~hmoV n[adY©ZHo$ gmWàH$meZmW© CZH$s gh‘{Vna ñdH¥$VkVmnyd©H$ nwZ…àH$m{eV {H$`m Om ahm h¡.

Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha.

dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma^mfmH$m ñdê$n Am¡a H$m ©H$bmn

(Cg àmUH$s Vm§V dmUr hmoVr h¡. Zm‘ gmaoHo$ gmao Cg àmUHo$ añgrH$s VahhmoVo h¢. àmUH$s BZ Vm§V Am¡a añgr go g~ Hw$N> ~§Ym hþdm h¡. `hm§ g^r Hw$N>dmUrH$m {df` hmoVm h¡ (EoV.Cn.2&1&5). Bg dmUrHo$ nwîn-’$bH$s VahgË`(=gV²+Ë`V²=àH$Q>+AàH$Q>) hmoVm h¡. AV… gË`Ho$ {Zê$nU‘| dmUrHo$nwîn Am¡a ’$b àH$Q> hmo OmVo h¢. BgHo$ Abmdm dmUrgo AZ¥V ~mobZm dmUrH$sAnZr O‹S>m|H$mo CKm‹S> XoZoH$s Vah hmoVm h¡. d¥jm|H$s O‹S>m|H$mo CKm‹S> XoZona d¥jgyI H$a ñd`‘od CI‹S> OmVm h¡ (EoV.Cn.2&3&6).)

"A'H$mamo@ñ‘rË od§ h² dX{Xh JrVmgw ^JdmZ² ^doËH$mo dmñ`mW©ñVXw{XV‘h§ Z¡d‘{dX‘²& ""AH$mamo dmH²$ gdm©'' lw{VdMZ‘mbú` H$W`m- å`dmÀ § dm dÝXo gH$bnXdmÀ § V‘Wdm&& dMZdmMH$dmÀ`{^Xm{lV§ `{XVw {Zd©MZ§ Z{h gmW©H$‘²& ^d{V eyÝ`{‘X§ {ZpIb§ VXm Z‘Z‘od ‘XwŠV‘nmW©H$‘²&& H$éU`m daU§ {h ‘wYm Z MoV² H$W‘w OrdH¥$V§ Z‘Z§ ‘wYm?& g‘^dËg {h gd©{‘X§ Ibw ñd`‘Vmo {h Z‘ñH$adm{U V‘²&&1

(1)CnH«$‘ : ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ AZwgma `h g‘J« g¥{ï> gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$

gX§e {MX§e `m AmZÝXm§e H$s {d{dY A{^ì`pŠV`m§ h¢. Bgo ñnï> H$aZoH$mo CZHo$"VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY' Ed§ "nÌmdbå~Z' Zm‘H$ J«ÝWm|‘| à{Vnm{XV A§em|H$mgì`m»`monn{ÎmH$ ^mdmW© àñVwV H$aZm Mmh|Jo :

""na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU AX² wVH$‘m© h¢ do VrZVahH$s H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢ : H$^r do AZoH${dY AmZÝXmË‘H$ Zm‘-ê$n-

37 38

H$‘© YmaU H$a ñd § àH$Q> hmoVo h¢, H$^r do AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZnyd©H$AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo YmaU H$a OJXmË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoVo h¢;Am¡a H$^r ñd § gXmË‘Zm CnmXmZ hþE {~Zm r Ho$db A{YîR>mZê$noUAZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo àH$Q> XagmVo h¢.''

""dh EH$‘od A{ÛVr` gV²+{MX²+AmZÝXê$n ~«÷ ñdê$nV…A{d^ŠV ahVo hþdo ^r brboÀN>`m AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| AnZo-AmnH$mo {d^ŠV H$aVm h¡. AV… EH$ag hmoZona ^r dh Ho$db AnZrA{dHw$pÊR>V BÀN>mHo$ AZwê$n AZÝV‘y{V© ~Z OmVm h¡. Ho$db BÀN>m‘mÌHo$de ñd § CgHo$ ^rVa AZoH$ ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m A§eê$nm MoVZm | g¥{ï>Ho$Am{X‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¢. Ap½Z‘|go, O¡go, {VZHo$ {ZH$b H$a R>§So> n‹S>OmVo h¢, d¡go hr, o {MX§e ~«ô‘H$s BÀN>mHo$ de AnZm AmZÝXmH$maImo XoVo h¢. Bgr Vah gX§ego gmao O‹S>ê$n ^r àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. Am¡aAmZÝXm§e‘|go g^rHo$ ^rVa ahVo g^rHo$ {Z`m‘H$ AÝV`m©‘r ^ràH$Q> hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| O‹S> nXmWm]Ho$ ^rVa {MX§e-AmZÝXm§e {Vamo{hVhmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Ord nXmWm]Ho$ ^rVa AmZÝXm§e {Vamo{hV hmo OmVm h¡.AÝV`m©{‘ê$n AmZÝXm§em|Ho$ ^rVa, naÝVw, AmZÝXm§e A{Vamo{hV hrahVm h¡. AV… ì`dhma‘| O‹S> Ord Am¡a AÝVamË‘m `m| VrZ ê$nbrbm‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢.''

""àË oH$ {Zd©MZ‘| A{Zdm ©V`m CëboIZr` AgmYmaUY‘©Omo ~«ô‘oVaH$m ì`mdV©H$ hmo Eogm Y‘© gOmVr` {dOmVr` ñdJVÛ¡Vd{O©V ~«ô‘Ho$ AIÊS>mÛ¡V ñdê$nHo$ gÝX ©‘| gmoMm hr Zht OmgH$Vm. AVEd {H$gr àH$maH$m {Zd©MZ ^r eŠ` Zht. {’$a^r dhr~«ô‘ AnZo gd© dZgm‘Ï © Am¡a à{VKmVmZh© gË`g§H$ën Ho$ debrb`m AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘Zm àH$Q> ^r hþdm h¡. AVEd àH$Q>hþdo AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©gå~ÝYr ì`dhma‘| {Zd©MZ gwdM ^r~Z OmVm h¡.''2

Bg brbmg¥pîQ>Ho$ AÝVJ©V ê$ng¥pîQ> Am¡a Zm‘g¥pîQ> Ho$ nañna nmW©Š` Am¡aÚmoË`ÚmoVH$^md H$mo g‘PmVo hþdo ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ ê$ng¥pîQ> Am¡a Zm‘g¥pîQ>nañna {dbjU hmoVr h¢ : ê$ng¥pîQ> Zm‘g¥{ï>H$s Anoj`m AÝVdVr hmoVr h¡

O~{H$ ê$ng¥{ï>H$s Anoj`m Zm‘g¥pîQ> AÝVhrZ hmoVr h¡. ê$ng¥pîQ> ñWyb O~{H$Zm‘g¥pîQ> gyú‘ hmoVr h¡. ê$ng¥pîQ> AnZo {dH$mar CnmXmZ `m àH¥${V go àH$Q>hmoZodmbr {dH¥${Vê$nm hmoVr h¡ O~{H$ Zm‘g¥pîQ> A{dH¥$Vm hmoVr h¡. ê$ng¥pîQ>O‹S>ê$nm hmoVr h¡ O~{H$ Zm‘g¥pîQ> ~moYê$nm hmoVr h¡. ê$n Am¡a Zm‘ Ho$ BZ nañnaAVrd {damoYr Y«wdm|H$m gm‘ÄOñ` H¡$go ~¡R> nmVm h¡, Bg ~mao‘| ‘hmà wH$m H$hZmh¡ {H$ ~«÷ ñd § ZmZm dmXm|Ho$ AZwamoYde AZoH${dY dmÀ` yV ê$ng¥pîQ> VWmdmMH$ yV Zm‘g¥pîQ> H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo, Z H$aZo, AWdm AÝ`Wm àH$Q> H$aZoH$mogd©g‘W© hmoVm h¡. Bg{b o Omo ~mV {Og Vah h‘| H$hZr A{^àoV hmo VXZwgmaVÏ`H$m ñdê$n ^r Ad^m{gV hmoZo bJVm h¡.

`hm§ "Zm‘g¥{ï>' nXÛmam A{^{hV hmoVo AW©H$m, A§J«oµOr ^mfm‘| n`m© H$hZmhmo Vmo "‘|Q>b² B‘oO²' (mental image) H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. `h AmÝVa àË``hr g^r ^mfmAm|H$m ‘ybê$n hmoVm h¡. yamonr` Vm{H©$H$-^mddmX (Logical

positivism) Ho$ gmW gh‘V Z hmoZodmbo OÝ‘mZwJVàm‘mÊ`emñÌHo$ ‘r‘m§gH$Á`m§ {nAmOo (Jean Piaget) Zo ^mfmì`dhma Z H$a nmZodmbo {eewAm|Ho$ gmW{H$ o d¡km{ZH$ à`moJm|‘| `h nm`m {H$ dVw©b MVwîH$moU `m {ÌH$moU AmH¥${VHo$à oXm|H$mo, CZgo gå~pÝYV eãXm|Ho$ à`moJ H$a nmZoH$s gm‘Ï ©Ho$ {dH${gV hmoZogonyd© ^r, ‘mZd{eew ^br^m§{V nhMmZ nmVo h¢, AmÝV[aH$ àË``m|Ho$ Ûmam. doH$hVo h¢ ""According to Chomsky, logic is not derived from language,but language is based on kernel of reason... I agree that thestructures that are availble to a child at the age of fuorteen orsixteen months are the the intellectul basis of upon which languagecan develop, but I deny that these structures are innate.''3 d¡go Vmo`h ^r H$Wm A~ nwamZr hmo J`r h¡ Š`m|{H$ BgHo$ ~mX d¡km{ZH$m|Zo AnZonarjUHo$ AÝVJ©V h r nm`m {H$ ‘mZd{eewHo$ n[adoeH$m g§ñWmZ (structures)

hr Zht A{nVw {dH$gZH$s à{H«$`m‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbr AmZwd§{eH$VmHo$ H$maU ^rñd § ‘mZd{eewHo$ ‘pñVîH$‘| Eogo Xn©Umon‘ Zm‹S>rH$U (Mirror neurons) hmoZoAmdí`H$ h¢, Omo Cgo ‘mZdoVa `mo{ZHo$ newAm|‘| ^r {dÚ‘mZ Zm‹S>rH$Um|H$sVwbZm‘| A{YH$ MVwa A{YH$ bMrbo Am¡a A{YH$ loð>V`m {dH${gV hmoVo h¢.{hÝXwñVmZ Q>mBåg²‘| ""Ý`y `moH©$ Q>mBåg²''‘|go CÕ¥V {dkmZ{dX² arµÁµOmoëQ>rHo$H$WZHo$ AZwgma ""The human brain has multiple mirror neuronsystems that specialise in carrying out and understanding not just

39 40

the actions of others but their intentions, the social meaning oftheir behaviour and their emotions... Mirror neurons allwo us tograsp the minds of others not through conceptual reasoning butdirect stimulation. By feeling, not by thinking.'' 4 {hÝXwñVmZ Q>mBåg²Ho${XZm§H$ 26&1&06 Ho$ g§ñH$aU‘| àH$m{eV EH$ Xygao {dkmZnarjUHo$ d¥ÎmHo$AZwgma X{jUA‘arH$m‘| ~«mµOrb XoeH$s A°‘oµOm°Z² ZXrHo$ VQ>na {Zdmg H$aVo‘wÝXwéHy$ Am{Xdm{gAm|‘| {H$ o J o gd}jUHo$ AZwgma dmUrgo ~mobo OmVo nXm|Ho$A^md‘| ^r y{‘{VHo$ AmH$mam|H$mo o Am{Xdmgr Am~mbd¥Õ Z Ho$db n¥WH²$dJuH¥$V ê$n‘| nhMmZ nmVo A{nVw H$W§{MV² Xygam|H$mo ~Vm-g‘Pm ^r nmVo h¡.EVmdVm dmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moUH$mo A{^‘V ì`ŠV nXmpË‘H$m dmUrHo$ ‘yb‘| {dÚ‘mZZm‘g¥{ï>H$s YmaUmH$s Cnn{Îm BZ d¡km{ZH$ narjUm|Ho$ AmYmana ^r gmoMr OmgH$Vr h¡.

(2)àñVy ‘mZ YmaUmH$m lm¡V gÝX © : àñVy ‘mZ dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ ^mfm `m dmUr Ho$ AmYma yV lm¡V gÝX ©V`m

g{deofV`m VrZ lw{VdMZ AdYmaUr` h¢ :

1.""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«ô‘, `mo doX {Z{hV§ Jwhm`m§ na‘oì`mo‘Z², gmo AíZwVo gdm©Z² H$m‘mZ² gh ~«ô‘Um {dnpíMVm''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1).

2.""MËdm[a dmŠn[a{‘Vm nXm{Z Vm{Z {dXw… ~«mô‘Um o‘Zr{fU… Jwhm Ìr{U {Z{hVm nXm{Z Zo“`pÝV Vwar § dmMmo ‘Zwî`mdXpÝV''(F$Šg§{h,2&3&22).

3.""nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X² yV§ `ÀM ^ì §... EVmdmZ² Añ`‘{h‘m AVmo Á`m`m§íM nwê$f…. nmXmo Añ` {dídm yVm{Z {ÌnmX²Añ` A‘¥V§ {X{d. {ÌnmX² D$Üd© CX¡V² nwéf…. nmXmo Añ` BhA^dV² n wZ…. VVm o {díd§ ì`H«$m‘V² gmeZmZeZoA{^''(F$Šg§{h,10&7&90).

AWm©V² 1.~«ô‘ XoeV… H$mbV… `m ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ Z hmoZodmbr gÎmmEd§ MoVZm ê$n hmoVm h¡. AVEd Omo Cgo AnZr öX`JwhmHo$ ^rVa g‘m{hVV`mOmZ nmVm h¡, dh AnZr gmar H$m‘ZmAm|H$mo gd©kmZê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW nyU© H$anmVm h¡. 2.dmUrHo$ Mma MaU hmoVo h¢ {OZ‘| VrZ MaU Vmo Jwhm{Z{hV ahVo hmoZogoàH$Q> Zht hmo nmVo, CÝh| Vmo AnZo ‘ZH$mo de‘| bmZodmbo Am¡a ~«ô‘(doX)H$moOmZZodmbo hr OmZ nmVo h¢. naÝVw dmUrH$m MVwW© MaU dh h¡ Omo g^r ‘Zwî`~mob nmVo h¢. BZ Mma àH$maH$s dm{UAm|‘| àW‘ "nam dmUr' h¡. `h MamMa~«ô‘mÊS>‘| ì`mßV gd©{dY n[aÀN>oXm|go a{hV gd©gm{j yV MoVZm h¡. AVEddmUrH$m `h AmÚ MaU gH$b ñdna dñVwAm|Ho$ àH$meZ‘| g‘W© g‘pîQ>ê$noUna‘mË‘m hr h¡. gmW hr gmW CgrHo$ {MX§e hmoZoHo$ H$maU ì`pîQ>ê$noUOrdmË‘MoVZmHo$ ê$n‘| ^r ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. dhr ì`{ï>ê$n OrdMoVZm O~dñVw{deofHo$ àH$meH$V`m AnZm n[apÀN>ÝZ ñd^md h‘mao ^rVa àH$Q> H$aZobJo V~ Cgo AÝV…àH$meZê$n "ní`ÝVr' Zm‘H$ dmUrH$m {ÛVr` MaUHo$ ê$n‘|ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o. h AÝV…àH$meZ O~ ~mh² àH$meZHo$ ê$n‘| CÚV {ddjmH$mê$n YmaU H$a ~mha A{^ì`ŠV hmoZo OmVm h¡, V~ Eogo V¥Vr` MaUH$mo "‘Ü`‘m'H$hm OmVm h¡. MVwW© MaU "d¡Iar' ZmåZm A{^{hV hþdm h¡. Bg ñVana OmoAW©àH$meZ Amä`ÝVa Wm dhr A~ dŠVmHo$ ‘wIgo ~mha Am H$a lmoVmHo$ {b oldUJmoMamh© Üd{ZAm| `m eãXm| Ho$ g‘yhH$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVm h¡. 3. yVdV©‘mZ Am¡a ^mdr gH$b MoVZmMoVZ ê$ng¥{ï>H$s A{^ì`pŠV ^r Bg MVwînmV²nwéfHo$ EH$nmX ‘mÌ‘| n[a{‘VV`m àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Ad{eï> VrZ nmX bmoH$‘|àH$Q> AÝZ‘`-àmU‘`-‘Zmo‘`-{dkmZ‘`Ho$ g§KmV‘| àH$Q> Zht hmoVo h¢.

(3)dmUr `m ^mfm H$m ‘ybñdê$n Ed§ ‘ybH$m ©H$bmn : EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ O‹S>V`m àVrV hmoVo Bg ~«÷mÊS>‘| Xoe-H$mb-

ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ EH$ ñdnaàH$meê$nm MoVZm ì`mßV h¡ Am¡a dhr h‘mardmUr `m ^mfm H$m na‘‘ybê$n eãXmË‘H$ ~«ô‘ h¡. Š`m|{H$ ñdoVa AW©Ho$Ad^mgZ‘| Ag‘W© ZmX `m Üd{Z, dmUrHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nmVo. AV…dmUr `m ^mfm AnZo ‘ybñdê$n‘| Vmo AnZogo BVa dñVwH$m AZw d hr h¡. BgrVah dmUrH$m ‘yb `m àW‘ H$m ©H$bmn Vmo AnZogo BVa AW©H$mo A{^ì`ŠVH$aZm `m AZw md àH$Q> H$aZm hr h¡. `h AZw md MoVZmerb àmUr‘| àH$Q> hmoVo

41 42

~moY ^md `m ì`dhma AWdm A~moY A^md `m Aì`dhma ê$nr Agm‘Ï ©H$m^r AZw md hmo gH$Vm h¡. AVEd ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| {H$g Am¡a H¡$go àH$meHo$AmYmana Xohm{X g§KmVmonoV àmUr AnZo {d{dY H$‘m]H$mo {Z^m nmVo h¢, Eogr‘hmamOm OZH$H$s {OkmgmHo$ g‘mYmZmW© ‘h{f© `mkdëŠ`Zo {OZ nÄM{dYñdnaàH$meH$ VÎdm|H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m CZ‘| H«$‘e… gy © MÝÐ Ap½ZHo$ ~mXAmË‘MoVZmgo nhbo dmUrH$s ^r JUZm {‘bVr h¡ :

""AñV{‘Vo Am{XË`o... MÝБ{g... emÝVo A½Zm¡{H$ÄÁ`mo{Vaod A § nwéf… B{V dmJod Añ` Á`mo{V… d{V. dmM¡dA § Á`mo{Vfm AmñVo në``Vo H$‘© Hw$éVo {dnë o{V B{V. Vñ‘mX²d¡ `Ì ñd… nm{U… Z {d{Z©km`Vo AW `Ì dmJ² CÀMa{V Cn¡d VÌÝ o{V B{V Ed‘² EVX²''.

(~¥h.Cn.4&3&5).

Hw$N> F${fAm|Ho$ lm¡V {MÝVZ‘|, {H$ÝVw, dmUr m mfm H$mo Ho$db MoVZmerb‘Zwî` àmUrH$m EH$m{YH$ma Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ Hw$N> dmUr ‘Zwî` àmUrH$moAdJV hmo nmVr h¢ Vmo Hw$N> AÝ` dmUr AdJV Zht ^r hmo nmVr h¢. Z Ho$dbg^r MoVZmerb A{nVw VWmH${WV AMoVZ nXmWm]‘| ^r dmH²$ VÎdH$m ñdrH$maBg Amf©Ñ{ï>H$s {deofVm h¡ :

""gnm©Um§ dmH²$, d`gm§, jwÐñ` garg¥nñ`, MVwWuì`mdhm[aH$s B{V EHo$. newfw VyUdofw ‘¥Jofw AmË‘{Z M B{VAmË‘àdmXm…. AWm(? Ìm){n ~«mô‘U§ ^d{V : "gm d¡ dmH²$g¥ï>m MVwYm© ì`^dX². Eîdod bmoHo$fw Ìr{U, newfw Vwar`‘². `mn¥{Wì`m§ gm A½Zm¡ gm aWÝVao. m AÝV[ajo gm dm`m¡ gm dm‘Xoì o.`m {X{d gm Am{XË o gm ~¥h{V gm ñVZ{`ËZm¡. AW newfw `mdmJ² A{V[aÀ`V Vm§ ~«mô‘Uo XYw…. Vñ‘mX² ~«mô‘Um… C^`t dmM§dXpÝV `m M XodmZm§ `m M ‘Zwî`mUm‘²' B{V (‘¡Ìm.g§{h. & &)'' ({Zé.13&1&8).

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘yb‘| Hw$N> XodVmAm|H$s dmUr h¡ {Ogo ‘Zwî`^br^m§{V g‘P Zht nmVm. Xygar ñd § AÝ`mÝ` gMoVZàm{UAm|H$s dmUrHo$O¡gr ‘Zwî`m|H$s ^r dmUr hmoVr h¡. Bgo ‘Zwî` gwZ `m g‘P nmVm h¡. Bg à oXH$mogabV`m ~w{ÕJV H$aZm hmo Vmo ì`{ï>MoVZm-ì`{ï>àmUH$m AmYma boH$a àH$Q>hmoZodmbr dmUr EH$ Am¡a Xygar ì`{ï>MoVZm-ì`{ï>àmUHo$ ‘mÜ`‘Ho$ {~Zm ^ràH$Q> hmoVr dmUr hmoVr h¡. Eogm H$hZona XoddmUrHo$ Xmo Cn oX hm|Jo : 1‘Zwî`dmUrgÑedoXdmUr. Bgo doXÑï>m F${fAm|Zo ñd § gwZ H$a h‘| gwZm`r Am¡a 2n¥Ïdr Amn² Ap½Zdm`w {dÚwV² AÝV[aj Am{XË` Ed§ ÚwbmoH$ Am{XHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go àH$Q> hmoVrXoddmUr.

`hm§ EH$ Eogr e§H$m CR> gH$Vr h¡ {H$ EoVao`mon{ZfX²H$s EH$ lw{V‘|‘mZdnew Am¡a ‘mZdoVanewAm|Ho$ ~rM `h VmaVå` Omo ‘mZm J`m {H$ ‘mZdnewñd §H$mo {dkmV dñVwH$m {dkmVV`m àË`{^kmZ Am¡a empãXH$ A{^dXZ H$anmVm h¡ O~{H$ ‘mZdoVanew H$a Zht nmVo : ""nwéfËdoZ Am{dñVa AmË‘m g{hà{dkmZoZ gånÝZmo {dkmV§ dX{V {dkmV§ ní`{V... BVaofm§ neyZm‘²AeZm{nnmgoEd A{^{dkmZ§ Z {dkmV§ dXpÝV Z {dkmV§ ní`pÝV''(EoV.Cn.3&1&1) Bg Vah XmoZm| lw{VAm|‘| nañna {damoY àH$Q> hmo ahm h¡. BgH$mg‘mYmZ ‘mZdoVa newAm|‘| {dkmVH$mo nhMmZ `m H$h nmZoHo$ {ZfoYHo$ ~Om`‘mZdoVa newAm|‘| AnZr yI-ß`mg Am{XHo$ X¡{hH$ ì`mnmam|go Ow‹S>o AnZo Mmam|AmoaHo$ n[adoeH$m A{^{dkmZ ‘mZdnewgo CÎm‘ H$mo{Q>H$m hmoZona ^r àH¥$ï>kmZHo$ AmYma na nhMmZ nmZo `m dmUrÛmam àH$Q> H$a nmZo Ho$ {ZfoY‘| hrñdrH$maZm Mm{h o. AWm©V² ""à{dkmZoZ {dkmV§ Z dXpÝV / à{dkmZoZ {dkmV§Z ní`pÝV'' AÝ`Wm AàgŠVà{VfoY Am¡a àË`j{déÕVm Am{X Xmof ì`m»`m‘|àH$Q> hm|Jo.

‘wPo ñnï>^m{fVm ~aVZr Mm{h o {H$ `Ú{n Eogr H$ÊR>moŠV ñdrH¥${V dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ {H$gr ^r ‘yb `m ì`m»`mê$n J«ÝW‘| H$ht Ñ{ï>JmoMa Zht hþ r {’$a^r‘hmà wÛmam Aä wnJV àm‘mÊ`5Ho$ AZwamoYde Bg Cn[a CÕ¥V dMZmoŠV njH$modmëb^ doXmÝV‘| {gÕmÝVV`m ñdrH$maZm AVrd Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡. VXZwgma

43 44

{OZ `m O¡gr Üd{ZAm|H$mo AW©dm{hH$m Üd{ZHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mZd~w{Õ J¥hrV Zht H$anmVr, CZ Üd{ZAm|H$mo ^r A‘mZdr` dmUrHo$ ê$n‘| {gÕmÝVV… ‘mÝ` aIZmAmdí`H$ h¡. Bgo Q>o{bJ«m{’$H²$ ‘m°g²© H$moS²> (Morse Code) Ho$ CXmhaUÛmam ^rCnnÝZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ {~ÝXw-aoImAm| (4‹- = 4 Mma) Ho$ gÑe{d{dY Üd{Z{dÝ`mgm|H$s epŠV, dU©‘mbm `m A§H$‘mbm Ho$ {OZ Ajam|Ho$ gmWdmÀ`-dmMH$^md gå~ÝYgo Ow‹S>r hmoVr h¢, do {Ogo AdJV Z hm| CgHo$ à{Vdo Üd{Z AW©dm{hH$m hmo Zht nmVr. {’$a^r Omo CZHo$ OmZH$ma hmoVo h¢ CZHo$ à{VVmo o Üd{Z`m§ ^r nwéfgå^mî` dmUrH$s Vah hr AW©dm{hH$m ~ZVr XoIr hrOmVr h¢. AVEd AmYw{ZH$ new{dkmZ n{j{dkmZ ObMa{dkmZ Ed§g[ag¥nH$sQ>{dkmZ H$s emImAm|Zo Bg ~mao‘| n`m©ßV JdofUmHo$ ~mX `h nm`m {H$o àmUr r {d{dY Üd{ZAm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aHo$ nañna gyMZmAm|H$m VWm ‘Zmo mdm|H$m

AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aVo h¡. {ZéŠVmoŠV àH$mago Cn{ZfX² Vmo gdm©Ë‘dmXH$s àm½YmaUmHo$Adbå~ZÛmam gd©Ì AmË‘mpñVËdH$mo A§JrH$ma H$aVo hmoZogo n¥Ïdr-Ob-VoO-dm w-AÝVarj `m Am{XË` Am{XH$s ^r ^mfm ñdrH$maVo hr h¢. o gmYmaU‘Zwî`H$mo g‘P‘o Z AmVr hm| Vmo H$hZm n‹S>oJm {H$ ""Z{h Ef… ñWmUmo…AnamYmo X² EZ‘² AÝYmo Z ní`{V'' H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ A§J«oµOrH$m "~m~}[aAZ²'nX ‘yb‘| yZmZr dmÀ`mW©Üd{Z-AZwH$aUmË‘H$ (onomatopoeic) "~m~©am°g²'nXH$m VX² dê$n h¡. BgH$m yZmZr bmoJm|Zo µJ¡a- yZmZr bmoJm|Ho$ {b o à`moJBgr{b o {H$`m, Š`m|{H$ J¡a yZm{Z`m|H$s ^mfm yZmZr bmoJm|H$mo g‘P‘| Zht AmVrWr. AV… CÝh| Ho$db "~a²-~a²' Üd{Z hr gwZmB© n‹S>Vr Wr AñVw.

(4)Xme©{ZH$ gÝX © : O¡gm{H$ nmíMmË` Xe©Zm|Ho$ {d{dY àñWmZm|‘| Hw$N> {MÝVH$m|Zo àË`jmZw y{VJmoMa

g^r AWm] (Percepts) H$mo A{dídgZr` `m {‘Ï`m ‘mZ H$a ~m¡{ÕH$ àË``m|(Concepts) H$mo hr {dídgZr` `m nma‘m{W©H$ ‘mZm, Vmo AÝ`m|Zo ~m¡{ÕH$àË``m|H$mo àË`jmZw y{VH$m Ho$db g§KmV (Consruction) hmoZogo AÝV…ñ’y$V©MoVZm VH$H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZ H$a àË`jmZw y{VJmoMa ~mh² mW©H$mo hr Ho$db nma‘m{W©H$‘mZm. AWdm O¡go{H$ ^maVr` Xe©Zm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V ^r Hw$N> {MÝVH$m|Zo eãXm{^ì §½`hmoZoHo$ Ho$db AnamYde g{dH$ën àË`jH$mo Aà‘mU ‘mZ6 {b`m. Vmo AÝ`‘hm`mZr {MÝVH$m|Zo {Z{d©H$ën-g{dH$ën C^`{dY àË`jm|H$mo r ~mh² mW©g§dmX

{~Zm ñdßZmon‘ hr ‘mZ {b`m.7 `Ú{n `hm§ ^maVdf©‘| Eogm {MÝVZ AÝ` AZoH$Xe©ZàñWmZm|Zo ‘mÝ` Zht aIm, Š`m|{H$ ""‘mZmYrZm ‘o {g{Õ…'' H$m AmXe©‘mZdr` ~w{Õ‘| AmË`pÝVH$ {Zê$‹T> àm½YmaUmHo$ ê$n‘| {Zhmam OmVm ahm. AV…BgHo$ {dnarV gmoMZona ~m¡{ÕH$ AmË‘KmVH$s ^r{V h‘| gVmVr ahr hmoJr AñVwOmo H$moB© hoVw hmo dh àñVwV {dMm ©n[a{Ygo ~{h y©V hmoZogo `hm§ CgH$m {dMmaAàñVwV hr hmoJm.

dmëb^ doXmÝV, naÝVw, ê$n Am¡a Zm‘ XmoZm|Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZo‘| EH$‘mÌgd© dZg‘W© ~«ô‘H$mo H$maU ‘mZVm hmoZogo XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM "dX{V'-"AZwdX{V'H$sVah "^d{V' Am¡a "AZw d{V' H$m g§dmX ‘mÝ` aIVm h¡. n[apÀN>ÝZkmZdmZ²OrdH$s Ñ{ï>go ""`X² ^d{V VX² AZw d{V'' H«$‘ hr Bg gÝX ©‘| ‘mÝ` aIm J`mh¡. AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘H$s Ñ{ï>go Vmo ""`Xm `Wm `X² BÀN>{V VXm VWm VX² ^d{V''H«$‘ hr ‘yb{gÕmÝVH$Wm h¡.8 `h ^JdmZ²H o$ gd©^dZgm‘Ï`© Am¡agË`g§H$ënem{bVm ê$n AgmYmaU ~«ô‘Y‘©Ho$ H$maU CnnÝZ hmoVm h¡. Omo""dhr `h g~ Hw$N> ~Zm h¡'' ""Cg EH$‘od A{ÛVr` Zo Mmhm {H$ dhAZoH$ ~Z Om o Am¡a dh g~ Hw$N> ~Z J`m''9 O¡go lw{VdmŠ`m|Ho$ AmYmana{gÕ hmoVm h¡.

(5)^mfmH$m ‘yb Zm‘g¥{ï> : AVEd ^mJdVnwamU‘| ^r `h à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡ {H$ XohmÝV{d©da‘|

àH$meê$n dh ~«÷ hr H$Ord^mdmnÝZ hmo H$a öX`Jwhm‘| IàmUê$n KmofHo$ gmWà{dï> hmo H$a nhbo J‘Zmo‘` gyú‘ê$n àmßV H$aVm h¡. ~mX‘| KñWyb ‘mÌm ñdadU© Am{X ê$n YmaU H$a ~mha àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.10

(6)^mfmHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà wH$m ‘V : Bg Vah dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s ^mfmgå~ÝYr àm½YmaUmAm|H$m Ñ{ï>JV H$a

boZona Bg ~mao‘| CZHo$ {dMmam|H$mo ñd § CZHo$ VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmÝVJ©V "gd©{ZU© 'àH$aUJV H$m[aH$màH$me (150-181) ‘| {‘bVo à{VnmXZH$s H$ht-H$ht

45 46

Ano{jV Hw$N> ì`m»`m Am¡a Hw$N> Cnn{Îm Ho$ gmW gmamZwdmX `m ^mdmZwdmXg§H${bV H$aZm Mmh|Jo :

(H$)^mfm à‘mU-à‘o C^`ê$n hmoVr h¡ : ^mfm H$^r àË`j-AZw{‘{VAm{X à‘mUJmoMa {df{`H$m AZw y{VH$s AZwdmXê$nm hmoVr h¡. H$^r {H$ÝVw CZgoAJmoMa {df`Ho$ Ad~moYZmW© à‘mUê$nm ^r hmoVr h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm àË`jm{Xà‘mUm|go AdYmaUr` EH$ à‘o {deof ^r hmoVr h¡. doXdmUr ^r Bgr Vah~«ô‘Ho$ Ad~moYmW© à‘mUê$nm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a ~«ô‘H$m ê$n{deof hmoZoHo$ H$maUà‘o ê$nm ^r hmoVr h¡. `hr Vmo ^JdmZ²H$s Zm‘mpË‘H$m g¥{ï> h¡.

(I)^mfmH$s H$maU‘r‘m§gm : ê$nànÄMH$m {Z‘m©U ^JdmZ² AnZo BZnm§M ê$nm|Ûmam H$aVo h¢ : 1H$mb 2H$‘© 3ñd^md 4àH¥${V(=‘m`m) Am¡a5nwéf(=^JdXdVma{deof). Zm‘ànÄM‘|, {H$ÝVw, o ê$n à`moJ‘| bm o ZhtOmVo. Š`m|{H$ Ho$db AmgÝ`ê$n gyÌmË‘mH$mo hr à`moJ‘| bm`m OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$àmUdm wH$s epŠVHo$ gmW dhr OrdMoVZm (Ðï>."""Ord'=àmUYmaUo''ädm{XJU: 600) O~ gwfwåUmZmS>rÛmam h‘mao earaHo$ ~mha àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, V~ eãX~«ô‘V`mdh àH$m{eV hmo OmVr h¡. Bg eãX~«ô‘Ho$ A§e ^r ""nyU©‘² AX… nyU©‘² BX§nyUm©V² nyU©‘² CXÀ`Vo nyU©ñ` nyU©‘² AmXm` nyU©‘od Ad{eî`Vo''(B©em.Cn.‘§J.) lw{V‘| à{Vnm{XV àH$maHo$ AZwgma AnZr A§eê$nVm‘| ^rnyU©Vm Imo Zht XoVo àË wV Cgo AmË‘{ZJy‹T> aIVo h¡. d¡go Vmo ê$ng¥{ï>H$mo ^r~«ô‘H$m A{dH¥$V-n[aUm‘ hr ‘mZm J`m h¡, na dh ‘yb CnmXmZH$maU `mg‘dm{`H$maU H$s Ñ{ï>go H$m`©-H$maU^mdH$s ì`dñWm h¡. AdmÝVaH$m ©H$maU^mdm|‘| {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX, Amaå^dmX, g§KmVdmX; Ed§ {ddV©dmXHo$ AZwamoYr àH$mam|Ho$ AZwgma ^r H$m`m}Ën{Îm `Wm`W eŠ` ‘mZr hr J`r h¡.H$maU nXmW©Ho$ {H$gr ^r àH$mago CËnÝZ hmoZodmbo H$m ©, g‘doVnXmW© `m AmamonHo$ CnmXmZ, g‘dm`r `m A{Yð>mZ ê$nr H$maUH$mo àmJ^mdmZw moJr Zht ‘mZmJ`m h¡. Z hr {H$gr ^r VahHo$ H$m ©H$m AmË`pÝVH$ A^md `m AÝ`moÝ`m^mdH$maU‘| ñdrH$mam OmVm h¡. dhm§ H$WpÄMV² {dÚ‘mZH$m Ho$db {Vamo md hrñdrH$mam J`m h¡.11 `h Vmo h‘ {Zê${nV H$a hr MwHo$ h¢ {H$ Zm‘g¥{ï> A{dH¥$Vm

hmoVr h¡. AV… Cn w©XmöV lw{Vgo A{YH$ gwñnï> eãXm|‘| A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXHo$lm¡V A§JrH$maH$m {ZXe©Z Xwb© h¡. Zm‘g¥{ï>‘| dhr Aä wnJV h¡. AñVw.

(J)^mfmHo$ KQ>H$ dU© nXmW©H$s ‘r‘m§gm : EH$ eãX~«ô‘ AZoH$ ê$nm|‘|`Wm "A'H$mago "A…'H$ma n ©ÝV fmoS>e ñda, "H$'H$mago "‘'H$ma n ©ÝV nÀMrgñne©ê$n ì`ÄOZ VWm "`'H$mago "h'H$ma n ©ÝV AÝV…ñW Am¡a D$î‘m ê$nì`ÄOZ; Am¡a, "j'H$ma-"k'H$ma Am{XH$mo ^r bo boZona 50 go A{YH$ ê$nYmaU H$a boVm h¡. d¡go BZHo$ AdmÝVa oX Vmo AZoH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢. AVEd H$ht52, 63 `m 64 `m| AZoH$ àH$ma eŠ` h¢. CXmhaUV`m õñd "E'H$ma õñd"Amo'H$ma VobJw mfm‘| ñdrH$mao J o h¢, ~§Jmbr‘| "Am°'H$ma, amOñWmZr‘| "A°'H$ma,Xm{jUË` ^mfmAm|‘| "i'H$ma H$s Vah {hÝXr‘| "‹S>'H$ma "‹T>'H$ma, ‘amR>r‘|"ÀµO'H$ma, Vm{‘i-‘bm`br‘| "îù‹S>'H$ma Üd{Z`m§ AmYw{ZH$ maVr` mfmAm|‘|àmMrZ ‘mÝ` Üd{Z`m|go gd©Wm {^ÝZ Am¡a A{YH$ h¢. Bgr Vah AmYw{ZH$ Am§½bO‘©Z ’«|$M Aa~r ’$magr Am{X ^mfmAm|Ho$ eãXH$moem|‘| ^r h‘mar ^mfmAm|‘|gd©Wm AlwV AZoH$ A{V[aŠV ñda Am¡a ì`ÄOZ r {‘bVo h¢ hr. hm§ Vmo h‘mar‘mV¥H$m{dÚm‘| g§H${bV ñda-ì`ÄOZÜd{ZAm|H$mo hr {JZm`m J`m h¡. o dU©gd©Xoe VWm gd©H$mb ‘| ì`mßV ahVo h¢. AWm©V² Ohm§-O~ `o àH$Q>V`mlw{VJmoMa Z hmoVo hm| dhm§-V~ ^r {dÚ‘mZ Vmo ahVo hr h¢. o ñd § ^JdmZ²H$sVah hr ~hþê$n ^r hmoVo h¢. O¡go Ho$db AH$maHo$ hr CÀMmaUHo$ AÆ>mah àH$manm{UZr` ì`mH$aU‘| {JZm`o J`o h¡. AV… AZoH$ê$ndV² dñVwH$s Ñ{ï>go Vmo^JdmZ²Ho$ O¡go hmoVo hr h¢.

(K)^mfm‘yb Zm‘g¥{ï>Ho$ gmW ê$ng¥{ï>H$m VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n : ~«ô‘Ho$gpÀMXmZÝX ñdê$n‘|go àH$Q> hmoVo ê$nànÄM‘| O¡go gX§e yV O‹S>nXmW©‘| {MX§eAm¡a AmZÝXm§e {Vamo{hV ahVo h¢; Am¡a, {MX§e yV OrdmË‘mAm|‘| AmZÝXm§e{Vamo{hV ahVm h¡, d¡go hr Zm‘g¥{ï>‘| ^r dUm]‘o nX-dmŠ` {Vamo{hV ahVo h¢;Am¡a, nX‘| dmŠ` {Vamo{hV ahVm h¡. ê$ng¥{ï>Ho$ AÝVJ©V O‹S> nXmW© Amno{jH$A{ZË`Vm {b o hþdo Am¡a Ord-B©ída nXmW© Amno{jH$ {ZË`Vm {b o hþdo hmoVo h¢.CgHo$ AZZwê$n Zm‘g¥{ï>‘| dU© Am¡a nX Amno{jH$ {ZË`Vm {b o hþdo VWm dmŠ`Amno{jH$ A{ZË`Vm {b o hmoVo h¢.

47 48

(L>)dUm] Ed§ nXm| H$mo {ZË` ‘mZZona {gÕmÝVn[aJ{UV VÎdm|‘|Am{YŠ`mn{ÎmH$m n[ahma : gyú‘ yVê$n eãX-VÝ‘mÌm ê$nr Üd{Z hr Zm‘g¥{ï>JVdU©V`m ‘mÝ` H$s J`r h¡. AV… n[aJ{UV VÎdm|go A{YH$ H$moB© nXmW© àgŠVZht hmoVm. EH$ àíZ h r C^aVm h¡ {H$ àH¥${V Am¡a àË`` go {ZînÝZ hmoZodmbonXm|H$s {ZË`Vm H¡$go CnnÝZ hmo nm oJr? Bg {df`‘| g‘mYmZ `h h¡ {H$ nX‘|`h àH¥${V-àË``m|H$m {d^mJ kmZmW© n[aH$pënV h¡ ñdm^m{dH$ Zht.

(M)d¡{XH$ ^mfm Am¡a bm¡{H$H$ ^mfm H$m ñdê$nnmW©Š` : `hm§ `hAdYmaUr` h¡ {H$ h {Zê$nU bm¡{H$H$ dU©-nX-dmŠ`m|Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ A{^àm`deh¡. {ZpIb d¡{XH$ eãXm|H$s g‘pîQ>am{eHo$ à{VnmÚ AW© gd©ê$n ^JdmZ² hmoVoh¢. Bgr Vah d¡{XH$ VÎmX² ì`pîQ> yV dU©-nX-dmŠ`m|Ho$ AW© ^r AZoH$ VÎmX²ê$n YmaU H$aZodmbo ^JdmZ² hr hmoVo h¢. AV… o VrZm| {ZË` hr hmoVo h¢. AVEd~«÷dmMH$ hmoZogo g^r dU© Am¡a nX ‘ybê$n‘| Vmo g^r/{H$gr^r bm¡{H$H$AW©Ho$ dmMH$ hmo hr gH$Vo h¢. ì`dhma‘|, {’$a^r, epŠVg§H$moMde VÎmX²AWm]‘| do n[agr{‘V hmo OmVo h¢. `h, {H$ÝVw, VÎdH$Wm Z ah H$a ì`dhmaH$Wm~Z OmVr h¡. Bgo ~mX‘| {dMma|Jo.

(N>)dU© nX Ed§ dmŠ` Ho$ AÝVJ©V AW©dÎmm Am¡a/AWdm AW©hrZVmH$m {ddoH$ : Hw$N> {MÝVH$m|H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ nX hr AW©dmZ² hmoVo h¢ dU©-dmŠ`Zht. AÝ`m|H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ dmŠ` ^r AW©dmZ² hmoVo h¢. na dmëb^ ‘V Vmo `hrh¡ {H$ dU© nX Am¡a dmŠ` VrZm| hr AW©dmZ² hmoVo h¢.

(O)g^r dU© Ed§ nX ^JdX²dmMH$ hmoZogo ‘ybV… gdm©W©dmMH$ hmoVo h¢: O¡gm{H$ H$h MwHo$ VXZwgma {OVZo ^r dU© Am¡a nX hmoVo h¢ do ‘yb‘| Vmo^JdX²dmMH$ hr hmoVo h¢. AVEd gmao dU© Am¡a nX g^r AWm]Ho$ dmMH$ hmoVoh¡, gmao ê$n ^JdmZ²Zo YmaU {H$ o hmoZogo. AV… gmao dU© Am¡a nX ^JdmZ²ÛmamYao J o AZoH${dY ê$nm|Ho$ dmMH$ hmoVo h¢. AVEd lw{V H$hVr h¡ : ""gdm©{Uê$nm{U {d{MË` Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm A{^dXZ² X² AmñVo'' (‘hmZmam.Cn.3)."nÌmdbå~Z' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| ‘hmà wZo EH$ {dbjU à{VnmXZ `h ^r {H$`m h¡

{H$ àË oH$ "KQ>'-"nQ>'-"JO'-"d¥f^' Am{X nX ‘yb‘| Vmo VÎmX² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©{d{eï> ^mdmÛ¡VHo$ dmMH$ hr hmoVo h¢. `Wm-

"""KQ>'-"nQ>m'{XeãXm… Y‘©dmMH$mEd ^{dVw‘² Ah©pÝV,KQ>Ëdm{X{d{eï>dmMH$m… {h EVo B{V bmoH$à{g{Õ…. "KQ>Ëd‘²'B{V KQ>JVmo Y‘©… H$píMX² `ËgX²^mdmX² "KQ>'nXdmÀ`VmY{‘©U…. ""Vñ` ^md… ËdVbm¡'' (nm.gy.5&1&119) B{V Ëdmo^mdàË``…. "^md…' B{V "^y'YmVmo… K{Äm ê$n‘². "^y'YmVw…gÎmm`m§ ì`mßVm¡ dm. C^`Wm{n ì`mnH$ñ` gVmo dm Y‘©ñ`( = ì ` m n H $ d ñ V w d ¥ { Î m K Q > Ë d ê $ n n X m W © ñ `gXwnmXmZH$KQ>gÎmmê$nñ` dm) dmMH$mo ^d{V. "KÄm²'M ñdmW},AÝ`Wm AZdñWm ñ`mV². VWmM KQ>Ëd§ Zm‘ gV… ì`mnH$ñ` dmY‘©… B{V CŠV§ ^d{V. Ed§ nQ>Ëdm{Xîd{n. VWmM àH¥$Ë`W©… gZ²ì`mnH$mo dm Xm d{V VX¡d àË``mW}Z gh EH$dmŠ`Vm d{V.VVíM gd}fm‘² EH$mW©Vm ñ`mV². AV… AmH¥${V{deofì`“çm…Y‘m©… V o {^ÝZmEd, epŠVg§H$m oMoZ ì`dhma{gÕçW©‘²A“rH$V©ì`m….''

(nÌmd.30/JÚm§eo)

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maZo Omo ì`pŠV `mì`pŠVHo$ A{dpÀN>ÝZàdmh‘| epŠVnjH$mo CnnÝZ ‘mZm h¡ dh ^r VÎmX² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘Zm ì`pŠV^mdmnÝZ ~«÷Ho$ gX§eHo$ A{^àm`de hr g‘PZm Mm{h o.

(P)bmoH$ì`dhma‘| dUm] Am¡a nXm| ‘| VÎmX² AWm]Ho$ dmMH$ hmoZoê$nepŠVg§H$moM : gmao ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ ê$n hmoZona ^r VÎmX²ê$nHo$ VÎmÝZm‘ Am¡aVÎmËH$‘© AWm©V² JwUY‘© Ed§ AW©{H«$`m H$m g§H$moM ì`dhma‘| brbmW© àH$Q> hþdmh¡. d¡go hr VÎmÝZm‘m|‘| VÎmX²ê$nm|Ho$ dmMH$ hmoZoH$m d¥{Îmg§H$moM ^r àH$Q> hþdmhmoZogo ì`dhma {Zì y©T> ahVm h¡. "d¥{Îmg§H$moM' nXÛmam A{^àoV `h h¡ {H$""Xoe-H$mbHo$ oXde `h nX Bgr AW©H$m dmMH$ ‘mZm Om oJm AÝ`H$m Zht''Eogm {Z`‘{dYmZ. Bg‘| gd©àW‘ Vmo ì`dhma hr {Z`m‘H$ ~ZVm h¡, ~mX‘| VÎmX²

49 50

Xoe‘| ^mfmHo$ oXde ì`dhmamZwamoYr H$moe Am¡a ì`mH$aU ^r ì`dñWmnH$ ~ZOmVo h¢. `h ê$ng¥{ï>‘| ^r gmao ê$n Am¡a H$‘© ‘ybV… ~«÷‘|go àH$Q> hmoZodmbo~«ô‘mË‘H$ ê$n Am¡a H$‘© hmoZogo nañna BVaoVamË‘H$ VmXmËå`^mdmnÝZ hr hmoVoh¢ {’$a^r X¡{eH$ H$m{bH$ Am¡a ñdê$nJV EopÀN>H$ oXdemV² g§Hw${MV^mdmnÝZ~Z hmo OmVo h¢.

(Äm)^mfmKQ>H$ dU©-nX-dmŠ`m|H$s Jm¡U‘w»`^mdna Adbpå~VAW©~moYH$Vm : ~«ô‘Ho$ AZoH${dY Xodê$nm|‘|, H$‘© oXde `m ^pŠV oXde,Jm¡U-‘w»`^md n[ad{V©V hmoVm ahVm h¡. d¡go hr dU© nX Am¡a dmŠ`m| ‘| ^rnañna Jm¡U‘w»`^md CZHo$ AZÝV‘y{V© hmoZoHo$ H$maU n[ad{V©V hmoVm ahVm h¡.Ho$db dUm]Ho$ AW© ^r EH$mjaH$moe {ZKÊQw> Am¡a ì`dhma Ûmam OmZo Vmo OmVo hrh¢. {’$a^r O¡go dmŠ`mW©H$s ‘w»`VmHo$ Anojmde nXmW© Jm¡U ~Z OmVm h¡ d¡gohr nXmW©H$s ‘w»`VmHo$ Anojmde dUm©W© Jm¡U ~Z OmVm h¡. AVEd o nañnaEH$-XygaoHo$ AW©gåàfoUê$n ì`mnma‘| ì`dYmZH$mar Zht ~Z nmVo. Š`m|{H$dmŠ`mW©~moYOZZHo$ ì`mnma m àg§J ‘| nX {ZO AW©Ho$ ñ‘maH$V`m m AZwdmXH$V`mÚmoVH$ ahZona ^r à‘mUV`m dmMH$ Zht ah OmVo. Bgr Vah nXmW©~moYOZZHo$ì`mnma m àg§J ‘| dU© {ZO AW©Ho$ ñ‘maH$V`m m AZwdmXH$V`m ÚmoVH$ ahZona^r à‘mUV`m AdmMH$ ~Z OmVo h¢. AVEd `hm§ ""AdmMH$ hmo OmVo h¢'' Bg{dYmZH$m `h AW© Zht {H$ do AnZo-AnZo AW©Ho$ ñ‘maH$ ^r Zht ah nmVo hm|.do ñ‘maH$ Vmo ahVo hr h¢. AVEd Ohm§ nXmW© dUm©W©g‘wXm`ê$n Z hmo, CXmhaUV`m"KQ >' nXH$m AW© "K'H$mamW © KÊQ > m Am ¡a "Q >'H$mamW © dm‘Z H o $g‘wXm`mW©=""KÊQ>mdmbm dm‘Z'' `m ""KÊQ>m Am¡a dm‘Z Ho$ wJb'' H$m dmMH$Z hmo H$a ‘¥Xm{X{Z{‘©V Obm{XYmaU`mo½` nmÌ{deofH$m dhm§ dmMH$ hmoVm h¡.AV… ñdVÝÌnXHo$ ñdVÝÌ AW©V`m hr dh dmÀ` hmoVm h¡. `h H$Wm Vmo {^ÝZh¡. Ohm§, naÝVw, dh "^m(^maVr`)O(OZVm)nm(nmQ>u)' gÑe dUm©W©g‘wXm`ê$nhmoVm h¡ dhm§ `{X nXKQ>H$ dUm]Ho$ Ûmam g§Ho${VV AW©H$s OmZH$mar Z hmo Vmog‘w{XV nXmW©H$m kmZ H¡$go hmoJm? Bgr Vah nXm|Ûmam g§Ho${VV AWm]Ho$ kmZHo$A^md‘| nXg‘wXm`mW©ê$n dmŠ`H$m AW© ^r H¡$go AdJV hmo nm oJm? AV…Ho$db dmŠ`Ho$ hr AW©dmZ² hmoZoHo$ XwamJ«hde {ZKÊQw> EH$mjaH$moe Am¡a ì`dhma‘| ^r CnbãY hmoVo dUm©W© `m nXmW© H$m Anbmn Vmo eŠ` Zht. Bgr Vah dU©

`m nX Ûmam ~mo{YV hmoVo AWm}Ho$ g‘wXm`Ho$ Abmdm nXmW© `m dmŠ`mW© `{X {^ÝZhm| Vmo do AemãX hmo Om |Jo AWdm dU© `m nX Ho$ AWm]go nyd©~mo{YVmW© hmoZoHo$H$maU nX `m dmŠ` AdmMH$ hr {gÕ hm|Jo, Eogr Ame§H$m ì`W© h¡. Š`m|{H$dmëb^ ‘V‘| dU©OÝ`m dUm©Wm}npñW{V `m nXOÝ`m nXmWm}npñW{V nydm©Zw y{VH$sAZwdmXê$nm ñ‘¥{V O¡go hmo gH$Vr h¡, d¡go hr nXmÝV…píbï> dUm]go m dmŠ`mÝV…píbï>nXm|go nyd©‘| AZ{YJVmW©Ho$ AdJ‘H$V`m à‘mUê$nm ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡.nydm©{YJVmW©Ho$ dmMH$ dU© `m nX, O~ nX `m dmŠ` Ho$ A§JV`m `mo{OV hmoVoh¢, V~ A§Jr nX `m A§Jr dmŠ` hr Anydm©W©Ho$ dmMH$ hmo OmVo hmoZogo CZHo$ Ûmamà‘m{nV AW©‘| Ad`dmW© ì`dYmZ CËnÝZ Zht H$aVo. do Ho$db ñ‘maH$ `mAZwdmXH$‘mÌ ah OmVo h¢. AV… ApÝdVm{^YmZdmX Am¡a A{^{hVmÝd`dmX Ho$A{VdmXr Xmo Y«wdm|Ho$ ~rM AY©OaVr` Ý`m` hr A{YH$ Cn wŠV hmoZm Mm{h o.Bgo A{J«‘ {dMma{~ÝXw ~Zm H$a àñVwV H$aZm Cn wŠV hmoJm.

(Q>)dU© `m nX gd©Wm A~moYH$ Zht ~Z OmVo Š`m|{H$ dmMH$ Z ahZona^r ñ‘maH$ Vmo ahVo hr h¢ : AVEd ""dU© `m nX AnZo-AnZo AWm]H$m ~moYCËnÝZ H$aHo$ H¥$VH¥$Ë` hmo OmZoHo$ H$maU nXmW© `m dmŠ`mW© ~moY‘| A{H$pÄMËH$a~Z Om |Jo'', Eogr Ame§H$m ^r ì`W© h¡. Š`m|{H$ nX-dmŠ` Am¡a dU©-nX Ho$~rM Omo Ad`dmd`{d^md PbH$Vm h¡ CgH$m Anbmn Zht hmo gH$Vm. Š`m|{H$g^r Ad`d (Bgo nmíMmË` ApñVËddmXr Xe©ZH$s ‘wÐm‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo pour

sua H$h gH$Vo h¢) AnZo Ad`dr (Bgo nmíMmË` ApñVËddmXr Xe©ZH$s ‘wÐm‘|en sua H$h gH$Vo h¢) Ho$ eofê$n hmoZogo eofrHo$ {b o hmoVo h¢. AV… do AnZo-AnZo Ad`dê$n AWm]Ho$ ñ‘maH$ ~Z H$a AnZo eofr/Ad`dr nX `m dmŠ` Ho$AWm]Ho$ A§Jr yV AWm]Ho$ ~moYZì`mnma‘| Jm¡U ~Z OmVo h¢. Ad`dê$n dUm]H$mo`m nXm|H$mo, AnZo-AnZo Ad`dr nX-nXmW© AWdm dmŠ`-dmŠ`mW© Ho$ g§KmVgo`m àmJ^mdà{V`mo{Jê$n H$m ©go AWdm Ad`drgo, AmË`pÝVH$V`m {^ÝZ AWdmàmJ^mdmZw moJr Amaå^H$ Vmo ‘mZm Zht J`m h¡. AV… nX-nXmW© Ed§ dmŠ`-dmŠ`mW© H$s Am{d^m©dê$nm Anyd©Vm (nyd©‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoZona ^r AZm{d y©VdñVwH$s Am{d^m©dê$nm) Vmo Adí` A§JrH$aUr` hmoVr h¡. AV… Bg {Zê$nU‘|Hw$N> ^r AZwnn{Îm {XIbm`r Zht XoVr. `h `hm§ {deofV`m AdYo h¡ {H$ dU©nX Ed§ dmŠ` Ho$ ~rM Z Vmo AmË`pÝVH$ oX hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z AmË`pÝVH$ A oX

51 52

hr. VrZm|Ho$ ~rM nañna oXg{hîUw-A oXê$n VmXmËå` hmoZoHo$ H$maU H$ht-H$^r A oXoZ VÎmXW©~moYZmZwHy$b {H«$`mH$m[aVm àH$Q> hmoVr h¡ Vmo H$ht-H$^roXoZ VÎmXW©~moYZmZwHy$b {H«$`mH$m[aVm àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Bg‘| gd©gmYmaU dm½ì`dhma

Am¡a dŠVmH$s AgmYmaU {ddjm hr {Z`m‘H$ ~ZVo h¢. AVEd {d{dYdU©g§ moOZ`m {d{dYnXg§ moOZ Ûmam dU©-nXm|‘| {Vamo{hVV`m {dÚ‘mZHo$ Am{d^m©dH$sAnojmgo Anyd© nX-nXmW© `m Anyd© dmŠ`-dmŠ`mW© àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. `hrì`dñWm AdmÝVa dmŠ` Am¡a ‘hmdmŠ` Ho$ ~rM ^r nañna g‘P boZr Mm{h o.Š`m|{H$ AdmÝVa dmŠ` r ‘hmdmŠ`Ho$ Ad`dV`m AdJV hmoZona {ZO dmŠ`mW©Ho$dmMH$ hmoZoH$m ‘w»`^md Imo H$a ñ‘maH$ hmoZoH$m Jm¡U^md A§JrH$ma H$a boVoh¢.

(R>)A{ZË`dmUrHo$ ê$n‘| A{^‘V bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|H$m ^r~hþH$mbmdñWmZ : d¡{XH$ dU© nX `m dmŠ` VrZm| hr {ZË` hmoVo h¢, ^JdmZ²Ho$Y‘© yV kmZñdê$n hmoZogo. d¡{XH$ dU© hmo `m nX hmo `m dmŠ` hmo VrZm|Ho$dmÀ`mW© Vmo EH$‘mÌ ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrh[a hr hmoVo h¢. `hr d¡{XH$m|H$sYmaUm h¡ : ""doXmjam{U `mdpÝV n{R>Vm{Z {ÛOm{V{^… VmdpÝV h[aZm‘m{ZH$s{V©Vm{Z Z g§e`…'' (AZdJV òmoVgo ~hþYm CXmöV dMZ) VWm ""doX¡… Mgd£… Ah‘od doÚ…''(^J.JrVm.15&15) ""‘m§ {dYÎmo A{^YÎmo ‘m§ {dH$ëß`Anmoh² Vo {h Ah‘². EVmdmZ² gd©doXmWm} eãX AmñWm` ‘m§ {^Xm§ ‘m`m‘mÌ‘²AZyÚ AÝVo à{V{fÜ` àgrX{V (^mJ.nwam.11&21&43). ê$ng¥{ï>Ho$ AÝVJ©VdñVwH$m H$mb‘| AdñWmZ {H«$`m‘ybH$ hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV Zm‘g¥{ï>Ho$AÝVJ©V dñVwH$m H$mb‘| AdñWmZ kmZ‘ybH$ hmoVm h¡. AV… dmŠ` `m dmŠ`mW©O~ gd©gmYmaUV`m AàVr{VJmoMa hmo OmVo h¢, V~ CnbãY Z hmo nmZogo CZHo$"Zme' m "Üd§g' H$m Ad^mg hmoZo bJVm h¡. AÝ`Wm Zm‘g¥{ï> Vmo Amno{jH$V`mA{dH¥$V hmoZogo Ho$db àH$Q> `m AàH$Q> hr hmoVr h¡, CËnÝZ `m Zï> Zht. Ohm§VH$ bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|H$m àíZ h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ ~mao‘| Omo ""~w{Õnyd©H$ eãXm|H$mo Omo‹S>H$a dmŠ`H$m CÀMmaU {H$`m OmVm h¡'' Eogm à`moJ hmoVm h¡, dh ~w{Õgo hr CZHo$àmH$Q²>çH$m gyMH$ h¡. AVEd ~w{Õ‘| AdñWmZH$s Ad{Y n ©ÝV dmŠ` `mdmŠ`mW© H$m CÀMmaUmoÎma Zï> hmo OmZm ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.

(S>)~«mpô‘H$ gZmVZVmHo$ ~mdOyX bm ¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m |H$sbmoH$ì`dhmagmnoj A{ZË`VmHo$ gÝX ©‘| CZHo$ Aàm‘mÊ`H$s ‘r‘m§gm :gd©àW‘ Vmo dmŠ`mW©àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AmYm`H$ ~«÷Ho$ kmZHo$ A^md‘| ~w{Õ kmVmH$sgr‘mAm|Ho$ AZwê$n ko Ho$ JwUY‘m]H$m àH$meZ H$aZodmbr amOg {dH$ënm|H$sAdJm{hZr ~Z OmVr h¡. AV… Eogo kmZde àH$Q> hmoZodmbo bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|H$m`mWmÏ ©ê$n àm‘mÊ` Ho$db ì`mdhm[aH$ hr hmo gH$Vm h¡ nma‘m{W©H$ Zht. `hm§ì`dhma Am¡a na‘mW© H$m à oX {‘Ï`m Am¡a gË` Ho$ gÝX ©‘| Zht {H$ÝVw nyU©gË`Am¡a AY©gË` Ho$ gÝX ©‘| hr {dd{jV h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm bm¡{H$H$ dŠVmAm|‘|^«‘ {dà{bßgm à‘mX H$aUmnmQ>d Am{X gå^m{dV Xm ofm |H o $ H$maUdmŠ`mW©àmH$Q²>çH$mar kmZ hr `{X «mpÝVê$n `m gpÝX½Y hmo Vmo VÝ‘ybH$ àH$Q>hmoVo dmŠ`O{ZV AW©~moYH$mo ^r «mpÝV `m gÝXohJ«ñV hr ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AWm©V²H$^r lmoVmH$mo dŠVmHo$ `WmW©~moYHo$ ~mao‘| g§e`Ho$ de dMZàm‘mÊ` ^rgÝXohJ«ñV hmo OmVm h¡. AV… bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|H$m ~mYmZh© àm‘mÊ` ‘mZm ZhtJ`m h¡. {’$a^r dŠVmHo$ gË`^mfr hmoZoH$m lmoVmH$mo, C{MV `m AZw{MV,{dídmg hmo Vmo ì`mdhm[aH$ `m àm{V^m{gH$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AmYmana bmoH$ì`dhmaVmo {Zì y©‹T>V`m CnnÝZ hmo hr gH$Vm h¡. AVEd dmëb^ ‘V‘| bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`doXm{XemñÌHo$ gmW A{dg§dmXr hmoZona hr na‘mW©V… à‘mU ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢,AÝ`Wm Zht.

bm¡{H$H$ Am¡a d¡{XH$ dmŠ`m|Ho$ ~mao‘| àm‘mÊ`gÝXoh Am¡a CgHo$ {ZamH$aUmW©Cnn{ÎmAm|Ho$ g‘mZ `m Ag‘mZ Hw$N> ^r hmoZona ^r doXmÝVXe©Z bm¡{H$H$dmŠ`m|Ho$ Ûmam ~mo{YV hmoVo AW©Ho$ {díbofUmW© ì`m»`mZmW© `m ‘r‘m§gmW© àd¥Îm{MÝVZ Z hmo H$a doXm{XemñÌm|Ho$ dmŠ`m|Ûmam à{Vnm{XV hmoVo AW©Ho$ {díbofUì`m»`mZ `m ‘r‘m§gm Ho$ {b o àd¥Îm {MÝVZ hmoZogo Eogr YmaUmna njnmV `mAÝYlÕm H$m Amjon bJm`m Zht Om gH$Vm. CXmhaUV`m àË`jmZw^y{VAZw{‘{V bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`à`moJ Ho$ {díbofU `m ì`m»`mZmW© {MÝVZ‘| `{XàË`j AZw{‘{V `m bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`à`moJ H$m àm‘mÊ` {Z…gpÝX½Y Zht ‘mZVo VmoCZHo$ {díbofUmW© `m ì`m»`mZmW© àd¥{Îm ^r ì`W©H$mbjon hr ‘mZr Om oJr.g§JrVHo$ ñdaamJ-Vmbb`Ho$ {ddoMZmW© àd¥Îm AmbmoMH$ lmdU àË`jH$mo

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gpÝX½Y `m Aà‘mU ‘mZ H$a àd¥Îm Zht hmo gH$Vm. Zht ^maVHo$ g§{dYmZH$moA‘mÝ` H$aZodmbm g§d¡Ym{ZH$ A{YH$maH$s ‘m§J H$a gH$Vm h¡.

(T>)A{ZË` bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|Ho$ b`H$m àH$ma : dmŠ` AWdm dmŠ`mW©Ho$ kmZHo$ {VamoYmZHo$ ~mX g§ñH$maHo$ ^r {Vamo{hV hmoZona, dmŠ`mW©H$m ì`dhmamW©"b`' H$hmo `m "{VamoYmZ' H$hmo, K{Q>V hmo OmVm h¡. Bgo AË`ÝVm^mdê$n Zme‘mZ boZoH$s Ym§Yb Zht H$aZr Mm{h o. h‘mar ~w{Õ‘| dmŠ` `m dmŠ`mW© Ho$^mZHo$ {VamoYmZHo$ ~mX ^r doXm{X emñÌm|‘| CnbãY hmoVo ^JdX²dmŠ`m|H$m{VamoYmZ H$Xm{n Zht hmoVm, Š`m|{H$ XoeV… H$mbV… AdñWmV… ñdV… `m naV…^JdmZ²H$s ~moYê$nVmH$m H$^r {dßbd Zht hmoVm.11 F${fAm|Ho$ g§ñH$ma ^remñÌm|‘| ‘hmàb` n ©ÝV {MañWm`r ‘mZo OmVo h¡. AVEd CëboIZr` hmo OmVmh¡ {H$ `h gmam {Zê$nU ì`dhmaÑ{ï>go hr {H$`m J`m h¡. AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘Ñ{ï>go Vmo{ZhmaZona dñVw‘mÌ Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ hr hmoVr h¡, {d{dYZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| ~«ô‘H$m hr {dbmg hmoZogo. AV… bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ` ^r ^JdÐÿnhmoZoH$s Ñ{ï>go Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV hr hmoVo h¢.

(U)dmŠ`mW©~moY‘| AmH$m§jm `mo½`Vm Am¡a Amg{Îm CnH$maH$ A§J~ZVr h¢ : V~ `h Ame§H$m CR> gH$Vr h¡ {H$ ""{H$gr dmŠ`H$s wŠVm wŠVVmH$m{Z`m‘H$ {gÕ Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU Vmo g‘yMo dm½ì`dhma‘| Aì`dñWm ’¡$bOm oJr'' `h naÝVw ‘m¡{bH$ ~«÷mÛ¡Vgo Ow‹S>m àíZ Z hmo H$a brbmW© àH$Q>EopÀN>H$ Û¡VHo$ gÝX ©‘| hr nyN>m Am¡a g‘Pm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘Ho$ñdê$nJV AÛ¡V‘| H$moB© AdñWm {deof-AdñWm Zht hmoVr Vmo ì`dñWmHo$ hrAàgŠV hmoZogo Aì`dñWmH$s Amn{Îm ^r AàgŠV ahoJr. brbmW© AnZogm‘Ï © Am¡a g§H$ën go àH$Q> hmoZodmbr {d{dYVm‘| brbmpË‘H$m ì`dñWm ^ràH$Q> hþ r h¡. AV… Zm‘brbm‘| àË oH$ Ad`dr dmŠ`H$mo AnZo mo½` Ad`dê$nnXm|H$s nañna AmH$m§jmnyaH$Vm AÝd``mo½`Vm Am¡a Mmjwf `m lmdU Amg{ÎmH$s brbmpË‘H$m Anojm ahVr h¡. ê$ng¥{ï>H$s Vah hr Zm‘g¥{ï>‘| ^r `h {Z`‘bmJy hmoVm hr h¡ {H$ `mo½` Ad`dm|go Ad`drHo$ K{Q>V hmoZona {H$gr dñVwH$mñdê$n n[a{ZînÝZ hmo nmVm h¡. O¡go {‘Å>r `m H$mR> H$m Kmo‹S>m ~ZmZm hmo V~ ^rCgna gtJ Zht bJm o OmVo, Eogo hr AnZr n[apÀN>ÝZ {ddjmH$mo ^br^m§{V

àH$Q> H$aZo‘| g‘W© `mo½` AmH$m§{jV AmgÝZ Ad`dê$n nXm|Ho$ `moOZnyd©H$dmŠ`moÀMmaU H$aZona hr dmŠ` AW©dmhH$ hmo nmVm h¡. AWm©V² dmŠ`go AWm}npñW{V‘|nXOÝ` nXmWm}npñW{V Ûma ~ZVr h¡ Am¡a nXm|H$mo AmH$m§{jV `mo½` Am¡a AmgÝZnXm|H$m ñ‘aU hmoZogo AmH$m§jm Am{X AW©Y‘© hmoZona ^r lmoVm-dŠVmÛmamnXY‘©V`m ‘mZ {b o OmVo h¢.

(V)AW©Y‘© AmH$m§jm Am{X nXY‘©V`m H$pënV hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ho$dbì`mdhm[aH$ hr hmoVo h¢ : gmao dU© nX dmŠ` na~«ô‘Ho$ eãX~«ô‘mË‘H$ ê$nhmoZogo VWm Š`m|{H$ AmË‘a‘Uerb12 hmoZoHo$ H$maU na~«ô‘ Z Vmo AnZo AbmdmXygao {H$gr nXmW©H$s AmH$m§jm aIVm h¡ Am¡a Z Hw$N> Xoe-H$mb-‘m`m Am{XHw$N> CgHo$ `mo½` hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cggo ApÝdV hr hmo gH$Vo h¢. `hm§ Vmo g^r Hw$N>CgHo$ ^m{gV hmoZogo AZw m{gV hmoVm hmoVm13 h¡. Bgr Vah CgHo$ ñdê$nHo${Zdm©hmW© ^r H$moB© nXmW© `mo½` hmo Zht gH$Vm. ñdê$nV… CgHo$ EH$‘odm{ÛVr`hmoZoHo$14 H$maU H$moB© ^r AÝ` nXmW© CgHo$ àË`mgÝZ hmo Zht gH$Vm. brbmW©naÝVw dh ñd § AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| {d^ŠV hþdm h¡; AV…, brbm¡n{`H$ì`dhma‘| VÎmX² ê$nm|H$mo Ed§ VÎmV² H$‘m]H$mo AnZo Abmdm AÝ` AnZo `mo½` ê$nEd§ mo½` H$‘m] H$s AmH$m§jm Ed§ Amg{Îm H$s Anojm ahVr h¡. AVEd brbmÝV…nmVrnXm|‘| ^r Cg AmH$m§jm `mo½`Vm Ed§ Amg{Îm H$s Anojm CR> I‹S>r hmoVr h¡,{deofV… d¥{Îmg§H$moMde àH$Q> hmoVr n[agr{‘V AW©~moYH$VmHo$ de ^r Eogm hmoOmVm h¡. AWm©V² na~«÷Ho$ ñdê$n `m na‘mW© Ho$ {dMmago AZno{jV hmoZona ^reãX~«ô‘Ho$ brbmË‘H$ ì`dhma‘| o Ano{jV hmo OmVo h¢. AVEd na‘mW©Ñï>çmVmo ~«ô‘kmZrHo$ {b o ""OaX²Jd… H$å~bnmXwH$mä`m§ Ûm[a pñWVmo Jm`{V ‘ÐH$m{U''gÑe {ZanojnXm|Ho$ g‘yhê$n dmŠ` ^r ~«ô‘Ho$ BZ nXmW© yV ê$ndmbo H$maH$ Ed§{H«$`mAm|Ho$ g‘yhmdbå~r ~moYHo$ OZH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢. àË`jV… hr `{X H$moB© ~y‹T>m~¡b {H$gr Ûmana nmXwH$m Am¡a H$å~bna I‹S>m {H$gr Jm`Zmon‘ ‘Ywa bJZodmbrÜd{ZHo$ gmW a§ mVm Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao‘| {H$grH$mo ‘ÐXoe‘| Jm o OmVo JrVm|Ho$g‘mZ ~¡bH$m a§ mZm bJVm hmo Vmo Eogm dmŠ` ^r gmW©H$ Š`m| Zht hmo gH$Vm?Bg AZmH$m§{jV A`mo½` `m Amg{Îm go a{hV nXm|Ho$ g‘yhH$mo dmŠ` ‘mZZonaàVmaH$ nwéfHo$ dMZm|H$mo ^r à‘mU ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm Eogr Ame§H$mH$m {ZagZ H$aZo‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ """Xe Xm{S>‘m{Z' BË`{n nXmW©{Zê$nH$ËdmX² dmŠ`§

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à‘mU‘². "dpôZZm {gÄM{V' BË`{n "CîUOboZ {gÄM{V' B{V AWm}^d{V; `Wm, "J“m`m§ Kmof…'. àVmaH$dmŠ`‘od AmgÎ`m{X`wŠV‘{n~m{YVËdmX² AdmŠ`‘². Vñ‘mV² gd©‘od dmŠ § à‘mU§ `V… gm gañdVrgd©Vmo‘wIr.'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&173). AWm©V² àVmaH$ nwéfHo$ dMZ Vmo AmH$m§jm`mo½`Vm Ed§ Amg{Îm H$s H$gm¡Q>rna Iao CVaZoHo$ ~mdOyX Aà‘mU Bg{b o ~ZOmVo h¢ Š`m|{H$ dŠVm ñd § kmZ CËnÝZ H$aZoHo$ ~Om` lmoVm‘| «mpÝV CËnÝZH$aZm MmhVm h¡. AV… ì`m»`mH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘ H$hVo h¢ {H$ ""A~m{YVAW©Ho$ ~moYH$ nXm|H$m g‘yh hmoZm hr dmŠ`H$mo à‘mdMZ ~ZVm h¡'' (VÌ¡d).

(W)eãXH$s {d{^ÝZ d¥{Îm`m§ : epŠV VmËn © Am¡a Jm¡Ur `m| VrZ d¥{Îm`m§dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ` h¢. AÝ` d¥{Îm`m|H$m `Wm`W BZ‘| AÝV^m©d hr ‘mÝ`{H$`m J`m h¡. BgH$s {dñV¥V MMm© "àñWmZaËZmH$a' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| ‘hmà wHo$J«ÝWm|Ho$ à‘wI ì`m»`mH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo H$s h¡.

(X)eãXm|H$m àdV©H$ hmoZm dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` Zht : {d{YdmŠ`H$mogwZZoHo$ ~mX lmoVm‘| àH$Q> hmoVr àd¥{ÎmHo$ H$maUV`m H$eãXm|H$m ñdê$n IA{^àm`kmZJ^mdZm KA{^Ym L>Amkm `m MBï>gmYZVmkmZ `m| N>h nj {d{^ÝZ {MÝVH$m|ÛmamàñVwV {H$ o J o h¢. dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo, naÝVw, BZ‘|go EH$ ^r nj ‘mÝ` Zht,Š`m|{H$ "H$mH$Vmbr`'Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgma o nyd© mdr hmoZona ^r Aì`{^Mmar hoVwZht hmoVo. CXmhaUV`m Bï>gmYZVmkmZ Am{X VWmH${WV hoVwAm|‘| `{X dñVwV…àdV©H$Vm hmoVr Vmo H$moB© BZHo$ ldUHo$ ~mX {H$gr nXmW© `m {H«$`m H$moA{Zï>hoVwV`m OmZ boZona H$moB© A{Zï> nXmW© `m H$‘© ‘| àd¥Îm hmoZm hr ZhtMm{h o naÝVw A{Zï>gmYZVmHo$ kmV hmoZona ^r {df^jUmW©, wÕmW© `m no‹S>-nhm‹S>go N>bm§Jm bJm H$a AmË‘KmV H$aZo ì`pŠV CÚV hmo OmVo h¢. AV… ‘mZZmn‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ² AÝV`m©‘r hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| h‘mao ^rVa {~amO H$a O~ {OgoOhm§ O¡gr {Og ’$b àXmZ H$aZodmbr {H«$`mHo$ {b o ào[aV H$aVo h¢, V~ dh dhm§d¡gr Cg ’$bH$mo àXmZ H$aZodmbr {H«$`m‘| àd¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡. doXm{X emñÌ ^rBï>m{Zï>gmYZm|H$m ñdê$n hr Ho$db à{Vnm{XV H$aVo h¢. doXdMZ `{X ñdV… hràdV©H$ hmo nmVo Vmo OJV²‘| H$moB© Ad¡{XH$ hmoZm hr Zht Mm{h o Wm. `hm§ EH$Ame§H$m `h CR> gH$Vr h¡ {H$ ew `m Bï> ’$bHo$ à{V h‘| àoaUm àXmZ H$aZodmbo

na‘mË‘mH$mo Vmo ew epŠV ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw Aew ’$bHo$ {b o ào[aVH$aZodmboH$mo ew epŠV H¡$go ‘mZZm? `hm§ nwZíM `h àíZ ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nÑ{ï>goVmo àgŠV hr Zht hmoVm Š`m|{H$ Bg g¥{ï>‘| AZw yV hmoVo kmZmkmZ gwÝXamgwÝXaew mew gwH¥$V-XwîH¥$V gmÜdgmYw gXgV² gwI-Xw…I emoH$-‘moh `m ñdJ©-ZH©$Am{XHo$ AZoH$ ÛÝÛ CgHo$ brbmW© n[aJ¥hrV ê$n h¢ :

""gmo AH$m‘`V ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ... g Vn… VßËdm BX§gd©‘² Ag¥OV... gÀM Ë`ÀM {ZéŠVÄM A{ZéŠVÄM...{dkmZÄM A{dkmZÄM gË`ÄM AZ¥VÄM gË`‘² A^dX²''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6).

""Ef h² od EZ§ gmYw H$‘© H$ma`{V V§ `‘² Eä`mo bmoHo$ä`…CpÝZZrfVo. Ef h² od EZ‘² AgmYw H$‘© H$ma`{V V§ `‘² AYmo{ZZrfVo'' (H$m¡fr.Cn.3&8).

""Û`m h àOmnË`m… XodmíM AgwamíM.'' ""AmZÝXmo ~«ô‘B{V ì`OmZmV². AmZÝXmÕçod Ibw B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo AmZÝXoZOmVm{Z OrdpÝV AmZÝX§ à`ÝË`{^g§{depÝV.'' (~¥h.Cn.1&3&1,V¡{Îm.Cn.3&6)

AVEd ~«ô‘ÑpîQ>go Vmo O~ ~«ô‘Ho$ {gdm Xygam H$moB© h¡ hr Zht Vmo AewH$‘© H$am H$a XygaoH$mo A{Zï> ’$b àXmZH$s ~mV CR> Zht gH$Vr. Ohm§ VH$ñd §Ho$ gmW Eogr AmË‘nr‹S>H$ H«$s‹S>m H$aZoHo$ à`moOZH$s {Okmgm hmo Vmo AmZÝXHo$Ûmam AmZÝXmdñWm‘| AmZÝXmW© br OmVr nr‹S>m ^r AmZÝXmpË‘H$m hr hmoVr h¡,AÝ`Wm Zht. `h kmVì` h¡. AV… ~«÷Ho$ Aew epŠV hmoZoH$m àíZ CR> hr ZhtgH$Vm h¡.

(7)Cng§hma : doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm` ‘ybV… lw{V ñ‘¥{V gyÌ nwamU Am{X emñÌm|Ûmam

à{VnmÚ Am¡a VXoH$Jå` ~«ô‘H$s {OkmgmHo$ de CZ ~«ô‘à{VnmXH$ emñÌm|Ho$VmËn ©{ddoMZmW© àd¥Îm {MÝVZ h¢.15 dh ~«ô‘ ñdàH$me Am¡a gd©gmjr ‘mZm

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J`m h¡.16 Am¡a dmH²$ VÎd ^r ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVago ~mha àH$Q> hþdm ~«ô‘H$m hr EH$AÝ`V‘ ê$n ^mJdVnwamU‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ :

""doXm… ~«ô‘mË‘{df`m… {ÌH$mÊS>{df`m…... eãX~«ô‘gwXw~m}Y§ àmUopÝÐ`‘Zmo‘`‘² AZÝVnma§ Jå^ra§ Xw{d©Jmh² § g‘wÐdV²‘`m Cn~¥§{hV§ ^yåZm ~«ô‘Um AZÝVepŠVZm ^yVofw Kmofê$noU{dgofw D$U}d bú`Vo. `Wm D$U©Zm{^… öX`mX² D$Um©‘² CX²d‘Vo‘wImX² AmH$memX² KmofdmZ² àmUmo ‘Zgm ñne©ê${nUm N>ÝXmo‘`moA‘¥V‘`… ghònXdt à w…... {d{MÌ^mfm{dVVm§... AZÝVnmam§~¥hVt g¥O{V Am{jnVo ñd`‘²''.

(^mJ.nwam.11&21&35-40).

`h dmH²$ VÎd ^r, AVEd, ñd § ~«ô‘H$s Vah Z Ho$db ñdnaàH$meê$n‘mZm J`m h¡ A{nVw g‘J« g¥pîQ>JV ê$n nXmW© Bgr Zm‘ `m dmH²$ VÎdHo$AZwH$m[aV`m àH$Q> hþdo h¢.17.

yamonr` Xme©{ZH$ aoZo XoH$mV}H$m ""H$moOrVmo EJm} gw‘²'' {dYmZ A{V à{gÕh¡. CgZo g~ Hw$N> gpÝX½Y ‘mZ H$a gÝXohH$Vm© `m {d‘e©H$Vm© H$s gÎmmH$mo{Z…gpÝX½Y ‘mZm h¡, Š`m|{H$ gÝXohH$s {H«$`mH$mo gånÝZ H$aZo‘mÌgo gÝXohH$Vm©H$sgÎmm {gÕ hmo OmVr h¡, Eogr CgH$s YmaUm h¡. naÝVw AÝ` {MÝVH$m|H$m Amjonh¡ {H$ Bg wpŠV‘| ì`mH$aUemñÌr` H$Vm© Am¡a VÎdemñÌr` H$Vm© H$m Kmb‘obhmo J`m h¡. A~ aoZo XoH$mV}H$s Bg wpŠV O¡gr hr EH$ CpŠV Cn{ZfX²‘| r {‘bVrh¡ : ""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«ô‘... AgÝZod g ^d{V "AgX² ~«ô‘' B{V MoX²doX'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1-6). AWm©V² XoeV… H$mbV… Ed§ ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZgÎmm Am¡a MoVZm ê$n ~«ô‘H$mo Omo ZH$maVm h¡ dh Vmo AnZr hr gÎmmH$mo ZH$maXoVm h¡, Cg g‘{ï>H$s EH$ jwÐ ì`{ï> hmoZoHo$ H$maU.

H$hm `m ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ `hm§ ^r ì`mH$aUemñÌr` AñdrH$maH$Vm©,‘mZgemñÌr` AñdrH$maH$Vm© Am¡a VÎdemñÌr` AñdrH$maH$Vm© Ho$ ~rM Kmb‘ob

Cn{ZfX²Ho$ {dYmZ‘| ^r h¡. Bg {df`‘|, {H$ÝVw, n¥WH²$H$aUr` `h bJVm h¡ {H$XoH$mV}Ho$ gd©J«mgr gÝXohH$s AZw y{Vna Adbpå~V AmYmadMZgo gÝXohH$Vm©H$sgÎmmH$m {dYmZ H$aZodmbo {ZîH$f©‘| ì`mH$aUemñÌr` H$Vm© A{Zdm © hmoZona ^rVÎdemñÌr` H$Vm©H$s gÎmm A{Zdm`© Zht. Bgo ""ZXr ~hVr h¡'' {dYmZHo$AmYmana XoIm-g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~hVo ObH$mo "ZXr' H$hVo h¡ Am¡aObHo$ ~hZoH$s {H«$`mgo A{V[aŠV "ZXr' nXH$m Am¡a H$moB© H$Vm© ""ZXr ~hVr h¡''dMZHo$ AmYmana {gÕ Zht hmoVm. Bg Vah, {H$ÝVw, g‘{ï>ê$n Xoe-H$mbmn[apÀN>ÝZgÎmm Am¡a MoVZm H$m AñdrH$ma Xoe-H$mbn[apÀN>ÝZ MoVZm‘| AmË‘-AñdrH¥${VHo$dXVmoì`mKmV {~Zm Š`m eŠ` hmo gH$Vm? Š`m|{H$ gd©àW‘ Vmo {OgH$s gÎmmhr ñdrH$m © Z hmo dh MoVZm hmo Zht gH$Vr. AV… AñdrH¥${VH$s MoVZmH$m gV²hmoZm Am¡a MoVZm hmoZm ñdV…{gÕ h¡, Cgo ^mfm `m dmUr ‘| àH$Q> H$aZogo ^rnyd©. AVEd MoVZmHo$ n¥ð>b½ZV`m gÎmm ^r AWm©n{ÎmbãYm h¡.

EVXW© Bg‘| {Z{hV wpŠV‘mbmna Ñ{ï>nmV H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm :

1~«ô‘=An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmm-MoVZmdX² dñVw h¡. 2AV… `{X ~«÷ AgX² hmo Vmo An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmm-MoVZmdX²

dñVw AgX² hmoJr. 3Eogr pñW{V‘| ~«ô‘H$m AñdrH$ma H$aZodmboH$s gÎmm Am¡a

MoVZm An[apÀN>ÝZ Zht hmo gH$Vr. 4AV… dh XoeV… H$mbV… ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoJr. 5A~ ~«ô‘H$m AñdrH$ma H$aZodmbr n[apÀN>ÝZ MoVZmHo$

n[aÀN>oXH$ Xoe-H$mb `m Vmo MoVZmê$n hm|Jo `m MoVZmgo {^ÝZ. 6do MoVZmê$n Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vo, n[aÀN>oXH$ hmoZogo, AV… {^ÝZ

hr hm|Jo. 7A~ do `{X n[aÀN>oXH$ hm| Vmo do n[apÀN>ÝZ ^r Zht hm| gH$Vo. 8Bgr Vah ñd § AgV² hmo H$a do MoVZmHo$ n[aÀN>oXH$ hmo Zht

gH$Vo. AV… CZH$s gÎmm An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmm {gÕ hmoVrh¡. 9AV… An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmmH$mo AgV² ‘mZZm VH©$ì`mhVh¡.

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10Aà{V^m{gV gÎmm Z Vmo n[apÀN>ÝZ Am¡a Z An[apÀN>ÝZ hrhmo gH$Vr h¡. AV… CgH$m MoVZê$n hmoZm Amdí`H$h¡.

11AV… gÎmm Am¡a MoVZm XmoZm| hr An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoVoh¢. 12AV… ~«ô‘H$m AñdrH$ma H$aZodmbm MoVZmdmZ² nwéf Vmo

ñd §H$s hr Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZVm AWm©V² Z¡ m{`H$m{^‘VMVw{d©Y A^md hr Ho$db ñdrH$ma ahm h¡.

~«ô‘H$s AñdrH¥${V AV… Cn{ZfX²Ho$ AZwgma ñdgÎmmH$s hr Xoe H$mb `mñdê$n Ho$ n[aÀN>oXm|Ûmam à wŠV ñd §Ho$ H$m{bH$(àmJ^md-àÜd§gm^md) A^mdm|H$s,X¡{eH$ (AË`ÝVm^md)A^mdH$s Am¡a ñdê$nH¥$V (AÝ`moÝ`m^md) A^mdH$s hrñdrH¥${VHo$ O¡gm dXVmoì`mKmV h¡. ñnï> h¡ {H$ BZ‘| MoVZmHo$ H$m{bH$ A^mdH$mà{V^mg MoVZmHo$ AmË‘à{V^mgZH$m g‘H$m{bH$ à{V^mg Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm.

Bgr Vah ^mfm `m dmUr H$s AdmMH$Vm ^r ^mfm `m dmUr Ho$ hrAmYmana {gÕ H$aZoH$s Moï>m g’$b hmoZona dh dmUrH$mo AdmMH$ Zht ahZo XoVrAm¡a {d’$b hmoZona dmUr ñdV… ñdnadmMH$ Vmo hmoVr hr h¡. AV… mfm m dmUrH$s ñdnaàH$meH$Vm ~«ô‘H$s Vah ñdV…{gÕ hmoVr h¡.

`hm§ `h CëboI H$aZm Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡ {H$ ""Zo{V-Zo{V''(~¥h.Cn.2&3&6) gÑe dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX gd©{dY dmÀ`m|Ho${ZfoYm|Ho$ A{Yð>mZV`m ~«ô‘H$mo AdmÀ` ‘mZZm MmhVm h¡. Bg {df`‘|, naÝVw,ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Xe©ZH$s YmaUm {^ÝZ h¡. ~«ô‘gyÌÛmam àXÎm ""àH¥$V¡VmdÎd§ {hà{VfoY{V VVmo ~«dr{V M y …'' (~«.gy.3&2&22) {ZU© H$mo dh nyd©njV`mZht àË wV g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {ZU© V`m ñdrH$maZm MmhVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ nydm}ŠV {dYmZHo$CÎmamY©ê$n ""Z{h EVñ‘mX² B{V "Z' B{V AÝ`V² na‘² ApñV. AW Zm‘Yo §"gË`ñ` gË`‘²' B{V àmUm… d¡ gË`§ Vofm‘² Ef gË`‘²'' (VÌ¡d) Ho$AZwamoYdemV² Ho$db ‘yV© ‘Ë © pñWV `m `V² Ho$ ê$n‘|; AWdm, Ho$db A‘yV©A‘¥V V² m Ë`V² Ho$ ê$n‘| Cgo n[apÀN>ÝZ ‘mZZoH$m {ZfoY hr lw{VHo$ A{^àm`Ho$gmW A{YH$ g§JV bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `{X ~«ô‘ gd©Wm AdmÀ` hr hmo Vmo

""Zo{V-Zo{V'' H$hZoHo$ ~mX ""AÝ`V² na‘² ApñV AW Zm‘Yo § "gË`ñ` gË`‘²'""H$h H$a ""àmUm… d¡ gË § Vofm‘² Ef gË`‘²'' H$hZm gd©Wm dXVmoì`mKmV hrhmoJm.

bmo{OH$b² EQ>{‘µO‘²Ho$ nwañH$Vm© ~Q>«}ÝS²> agob²Zo H«o$Vo ÛrnHo$ E{n‘oZmBX²Ho$""H«o$Vo Ûrndmgr g^r {‘Ï`m^mfr hmoVo h¢''H$s VµO©na ""‘¢ {‘Ï`m^mfr hÿ§''{dYmZ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo ñdVmoì`mKmVHo$ {ZamH$aUmW© EH$ Cnm`mÝVa gmoMm h¡. dhH$hVo h¢ {H$ ^mfmHo$ Ûmam ^m{fV hmoZodmbo AW©H$mo ~mobZodmbr ^mfm EH$ ñVaAm¡a Xygam ñVa ñd § ^mfmHo$ Ûmam ^mfmHo$ ~mao‘| {H$ o J o {dYmZ hmoVo h¢. EogoXmo ñVa agob²Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$ o h¢.18 VXZwgma h‘ ^r ""dmH²$ Adm{MH$m hmoVrh¡'' AWdm ""nma‘m{W©H$ dñVw AdmÀ` hmoVr h¡'' gÑe {dYmZm|‘| C^aVoñdVmoì`mKmVm|H$m {ZamH$aU dmUrHo$ Xmo ñVa àñVwV ‘mZ H$a H$aZm Mmh| Vmo ^rdmUrH$s {ZO dmÀ`mWm©{^Ym{`H$m epŠVH$m Anbmn eŠ` Zht, Z dhm§ Am¡aZ `hm§. Š`m|{H$ AW©àH$m{eH$mHo$ ñWmZna ^mfmH$mo ñdàH$m{eH$m Vmo ‘mZZmn‹S>oJm, Omo nwZ… gXgX²Ho$ {dH$ënH$mo gh Zht nmVm.

AÝV‘| AmidÝXmañVmoÌH$ma lr`m‘wZo mMm ©Ho$ EH$ ‘Zmoa‘ nÚ‘| Wmo‹S>rhoa’o$aHo$ gmW àñVwV AmboInÌH$mo Cng§öV H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm :

Z‘moZ‘mo dmL²>‘Zmgm{V y‘ o Z‘moZ‘mo dmL²>‘Zg¡H$ y‘ o&Z‘moZ‘mo@ZÝV‘hm{d yV o Z‘moZ‘ñVo@ñVw Z‘moZ‘ñVo&&

‘ybdMZ VWm gÝX ©:1.AjamUm‘² AH$mamo Apñ‘ (^J.JrVm.10&33). AH$mamo d¡ gdm© dmH²$(EoV.Cn.2&3&6). `‘od Ef d¥UwVo VoZ bä`… (H$R>mon.2&23). ~«ô‘ dmBX‘² AJ«o AmgrV² g AmË‘mZ‘od AdoX "Ah§ ~«ô‘ Apñ‘' B{V Vñ‘mV² VV²gd©‘² A^dV² (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10).2.Z‘mo ^JdVo Vñ‘¡ H¥$îUm` AX² wVH$‘©Uo ê$nZm‘{d oXoZ OJV² H«$sS>{V `mo`V….(V.Xr.{Z.1&1). AZÝV‘y{V© VX² ~«ô‘ h² {d^ŠV§ {d^pŠV‘X² ~hþ

61 62

gmH$ma ~«÷dmXñ`m§ àOm`o` B{V drjm Vñ` h²`^yV² gVr. V{XÀN>m‘mÌV… Vñ‘mX²~«ô‘ yVm§eMoVZm… g¥ï>çmXm¡ {ZJ©Vm… gd} {ZamH$mam… V{XÀN>`m {dñ’w$qbJmBdA½ZoñVw gX§eoZ OS>mA{n AmZÝXm§eñdê$noU gdm©ÝV`m©{‘ê${nU…,gpÀMXmZÝXê$nofw nyd© mo… AÝ`brZVm. AVEd {ZamH$mam… nydm£ AmZÝXbmonV…OS>mo Ordmo AÝVamË‘m B{V ì`dhma… {ÌYm ‘V… (V.Xr.{Z.1&26-30).~«ô‘dmXo {ZépŠVñVw Z dŠVì ¡d Hw$Ì{MX² dñVwVmo ~«ô‘ gdª {h ì`dhmañVwbmoH$V… (nÌmdbå~.1).3.ê$ng¥ï>çnoj`m Zm‘g¥pîQ>… {dbjUm : AÝVdVr ê$ng¥pîQ>…, AZÝVmZm‘g¥pîQ>…. ñWybm ê$ng¥pîQ>… gyú‘m Zm‘g¥pîQ>…. {dH¥$Vm ê$ng¥pîQ>…Hy$Q>ñWm=A{dH¥$Vm Zm‘g¥pîQ>…. OS>ê$nm ê$ng¥pîQ>… ~moYê$nm Zm‘g¥pîQ>….ZZw Ed§ Zm‘g¥ï>m¡ OJX²{db`àg§J… VÌ Amh ZmZmdmXmZwamoYm` B{V...gd£aod `Wm {Zê$ß`Vo VWm ^JdmZ² ^dVr{V. VÌ Cnn{Îm‘² AmhdmÀ`dmMH$eŠV o B{V. dmÀ`mo AWm} dmMH$… eãX…, C^`Ìm{n eŠV`mo`ñ`. W¡d AWª dŠVw‘² BÀN>{V VW¡d AWm} d{V... (gw~mo.10&13&43).Ðï>ì` : Genetic Epistemology Chapt.2, pp.31-33 and ibd.pp.47.

4.5. o YmVweãXm… `Ì AW} CnXoeo àH$s{V©Vm… VW¡d AWm} doXameo… H$V©ì`moZ AÝ`Wm Šd{MV².(nÌmdbå~Z‘² : 4).6.VÌ àË`j§ H$ënZmnmoT>‘² A «mÝV‘² A{^bmng§gJ© mo½`à{V^mgàVr{V…H$ënZm. (Y‘©H$s{V©H¥$V-Ý`m`{~ÝXw : 1&4-5).7.àË`j~w{Õ… ñdßZmXm¡ Wm {dZm{n AW}Z B{V... Z gmo AWm} Ñí`Vo Vñ`àË`jËd§ H$W§ ‘V§? `XmM gm àË`j~w{Õ… ^d{V ""BX§ ‘o àË`j‘²'' B{VVXm Z gmo AWm} wÁ`Vo, ‘Zmo{dkmZoZ¡d n[aÀN>oXmV² Mjw{d©kmZñ` M VWm{ZéÕËdm{X{V H$W§ Vñ` àË`jËd‘² BîQ>‘²? (dgw~ÝYwH¥$V-qd{eH$m d¥{Îm…).8.gEd BX§ gdª ^d{V (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10). gXod, gm¡å`, BX‘² AJ«oAmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr`§... VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m § àOm`o` B{V(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-3).9.gXod, gm¡å`, BX‘² AJ«o AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr §... VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§àOm o (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-3)), VÕoX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV² VV²

Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`V "Agm¡Zm‘m' A`‘² "BX§ê$n…' B{V. V{XX‘{nEV{h© Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`Vo "Agm¡Zm‘m' A`‘² "BX§ê$n…' B{V gEfBh à{dîQ>…. AmZImJ« oä`mo `Wm jwa… jwaYmZo Ad{hV… ñ`mX²,(~¥h.Cn.1&4&7).10.gEf Ord {ddaàgy{V… àmUoZ KmofoZ Jwhm§ à{dï>… ‘Zmo‘ § gyú‘‘² CnoË`ê$n§ ‘mÌm ñdamo dU© B{V ñW{dð>….(^mJ.nwam.11&12&17).11.g§hV¡… Cn{MV¡… Ad`d¡… JwßVmo Ad`dr àH$Q>r{H«$`Vo (gw~mo.2&1&24)."gV²'-eãXoZ "AgV²'-eãXoZ M ~«ô‘¡d CÀ`Vo... A^mdmñVw Añ‘Ý‘Vo{Vam o^mdm{V[aŠVm… Z ^dÝVr{V, Vñ`M ^JdÀN>pŠVËdmV ²...epŠVY‘m©Um‘{n VXm CX²JVËdm^mdoZ H$mbñ`m{n {Zê$nUg‘`EdVWmdMZmV² àH¥${VVwë`ËdoZ ^JdmZ² EH$Ed {gÕ… B{V A{ddmX‘²(gw~mo.2&9&32).12.XoeV… H$mbVmo mo Agm¡ AdñWmV… ñdVmo AÝ`Vmo A{dßbwVmd~moYmË‘mwÁ`Vo AO`m H$W‘²? (^mJ.nwam.3&7&5).

13.AmË‘a{V… AmË‘H«$sS> (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&25&2)14.V‘od ^mÝV‘² AZw m{V gd©‘² (ídoVm.Cn.6&14)15.EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘² (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1)16.AYr{h ^Jdmo ~«ô‘ B{V... VX² {d{Okmgñd VX² ~«ô‘ B{V.(V¡{Îm.Cn.3&1), ~«ô‘ Vo ~«dm{U B{V. (~¥h.Cn.2&1&1), Á oîR>m` nwÌm`{nVm ~«ô‘ à~«y mV². (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&11&5). AWmVmo ~«ô‘{Okmgm OÝ‘mÚñ``V… emñÌ`mo{ZËdmV² (~«ô‘gy.1&1&1&2). qH$ VX² ~«ô‘ {H$‘² AÜ`mË‘§ qH$H$‘© nwéfmoÎm‘ A{Y yV§ M {H$` àmoŠV‘² A{YX¡d§ {H$‘² CÀ`Vo? Aja§ ~«ô‘na‘§ ñd^mdmo AÜ`mË‘‘² CÀ`Vo yV^mdmoX² dH$amo {dgJ©… H$‘© g§{kVmoA{Y yV§ jamo ^mdmo nwéf… M A{YX¡dV§ A{Y`kmo Ah‘od AÌ Xoho Xoh ¥Vm§da (^J.JrVm.8&1-4). doXmÝVdmŠ`Hw$gw‘J«WZmW©ËdmV² gyÌmUm§doXmÝVdmŠ`m{Z {h gyÌ¡… CXmöË` {dMm`©ÝVo (~«.gy.em§H$.^m.1&1&2).""AmË‘m dm Aao Ñï>ì`… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…'' B{V...gmo@`‘² AZoZ MVw{d©YoZ {d{YZm Ü`mZn ©ÝVo doXmW} {Z wÁ`Vo VËà wŠVm MB`§ ~«÷{Okmgm àñVy`Vo (~«.gy.^mñH$.^m.1&1&1). AÜ``ZJ¥hrVñ`ñdmÜ`m`ñ` ñd^mdVEd à`moOZdXWm©d~mo{YËdXe©ZmX² J¥hrVmV² ñdmÜ`m`mX²

63 64

AdJå`‘mZmZ ² à`m oOZdVm o AWm ©Z ² AmnmVVm o Ñï ‰ > mVËñdê$nàH$ma{deof{ZU©`’$bdoXdmŠ`{dMmaê$n‘r‘m§gmldUo AYrVdoX…nwéf… ñd`‘od àdV©Vo (~«.gy.am‘m.^m.1&1&1). Ûmnao gd©Ì kmZo AmHw$br yVoVpÝZU© m`... VXW©{ZU© m` ~«ô‘gyÌm{U MH$ma... gyÌofw ofw gd}@{n {ZU© m…g‘wXr[aVm… eãXOmVñ` gd©ñ` `Ëà‘mU… M {ZU© … Ed§{dYm{Z gyÌm{UH¥$Ëdm ì`mgmo ‘hme`…... (~«.gy.‘mÜd^m.1&1&1). Ag§{X½Yo@{n doXmW}ñWyUmIZZdX² ‘V… ‘r‘m§gm{ZU© …... VWmM {ZU© o oZ-Ho$Z{MX² dŠVì oh[a… ñd § ì`mgmo {dMma§ {MH$sfw©… VËH$V©ì`Vm§ ~mo {V ~«ô‘{Okmgm H$V©ì o{Vì`mgmoŠVËdmX{n H$V©ì`m (~«.gy.dmëb.^m.1&1&1).17.ñdàH$meo gd©gm{j{U. (Z¥qghmoÎm.Cn.9&6).18.dmJ² d¡ ~«ô‘ (~¥h.Cn.1&3&21), dmJod BX§ gd©‘². Z{h AeãX{‘d BhApñV (Z¥qghmo.Cn.8&2), dmJod EVV² gdª {dkmn`{V (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&2&1).gd©doX‘ oZ BX‘² AmË‘Zm AmË‘`mo{ZZm àOm… g¥O `Wmnydª `m… M ‘{`AZweoaVo (^mJ.nwam.3&9&43). gd}fmÝVw g Zm‘m{Z H$‘m©{U M n¥WŠn¥WH²$doXeãXoä`Ed AmXm¡ n¥WŠg§ñWm… M {Z‘©‘o (‘Zwñ‘¥.1&21).19.Ðï>. : ""bm°{OH²$ EÝS²> ZmoboO² Egog² 1901-1950'' Ho$ AÝVJ©V "X{’$bmogmo’$s Am°’²$ bm°{OH$b² EQ>{‘µO‘²' àH$aU n¥.262-264.

MjwH$m Mmjwf{df`Xoe‘| àmß`àH$meH$m[aËd(EH$ dmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moU)

""Mjw ©Ì Z JÀN>{V'' lw{V[a{V àmh à‘mU§ na‘² lrH¥$îU… ñd`‘oË` Ûmna wJo Mjw…àH$mí`mo@^dV²&àmß`màmß` {dH$meH$Ëd{df o dmXñVw `íMm{j{U ‘ÀMjw{h© d¥UmVw VÌ g h[a… gÝXohhmar na…&&

CnH«$‘ : BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ ~mao‘|, Zm‘V… Mjw Am¡a lmoÌ Ho$ ~mao‘|, {d{^ÝZ {MÝVZm|‘| n`m©ßV

‘V oX Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVm h¡ {H$ o BpÝÐ`m§ {df`Xoe‘| nhþ§M H$a AnZo {df`m|H$moàH$m{eV H$aVr h¢ `m {df`Xoe‘| nhþ§Mo {~Zm hr.

"àmß`-àH$meH$m[aËd' nXmdbr‘| "àmß`' nX """Amßb¥'=ì`mßVm¡''ñdm{XJUn{R>V YmVwHo$ gmW "à'CngJ©Ho$ gmW {ZînÝZ hmoZogo "ë`n²'àË``mÝVà`moJ h¡. VXZwgma àmß`àH$meH$m[aVmH$mo ñdrH$maZona Mjwam{XÛmam àH$mí`{df`Ho$ Xoe-H$mb‘| BZ BpÝÐ`m|H$m {dÚ‘mZ hmoZm An[ahm © hmo OmVm h¡. {df`Am¡a BpÝÐ` Ho$ Xoe Am¡a H$mb ‘|, naÝVw, ‘mÌ gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`H$s ñdrH¥${V{OVZr N>moQ>r gr H$Wm Bg MMm©‘| à‘wI {ddmXmñnX ‘wÔm Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ CZHo$~rM nañna g§ moJê$nm `m AÝ`mÑer {H$gr àË`mg{ÎmHo$ A^md‘| o BpÝÐ`m§g‘mZXoeH$mbdVu hmoZona ^r {df`àH$meZ‘| gj‘ Zht hmo nmVr.

`h àmß`àH$meH$m[aVmH$s MMm© Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ Ý`m`gyÌH$ma Jm¡V‘F${fZo hr BXåàW‘V`m N>o‹S>r hmoJr. ~mX‘| ~mh² {MÝVH$ ~m¡Õ-O¡Zm|Ho$ ÛmamBgHo$ àË`m»`mZde `h MMm© Am¡a A{YH$ Omoaemoago ~‹T>Vr Mbr J`r.1

AVEd íbmoH$dm{V©H$H$ma lrHw$‘m[ab ^Å> ^r H$hVo h¢ ""gå~Õ§ dV©‘mZ§ MJ¥h²`Vo Mjwam{XZm gm‘mÝ`§ dm {deofmo dm J«mh²`§ ZmVmo@Ì H$ëß`Vo''(íbmo.dm.à.gy.84).

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AV… {df` Am¡a BpÝÐ` Ho$ ~rM Xmo Ðì`m|H$s Vah g§ moJê$nm àË`mg{ÎmñdrH$maZr, AWdm dUm©H¥${V Am¡a Xn©Um{X Cnm{Y H$s Vah {~å~à{V{~å~^mdê$nmàË`mg{Îm ñdrH$maZr, AWdm g§ñH$ma Am¡a ñ‘¥{V H$s Vah CÔrnH$-CÔrß`^mdê$nmàË`mg{Îm ñdrH$maZr, AWdm ËdMm-Zm{gH$m{X BpÝÐ` Am¡a JÝYñnem©{X H$sVah J«mh²`-J«mhH$^mdê$nm àË`mg{Îm, AWdm KQ> VWm àXrnm{X H$s VahàH$mí`-àH$meH$^mdê$nm AWdm AmË‘MoVZm Am¡a Ah§H$ma H$s Vah A{Yð>mZ-Amamonê$nm BVaoVamÜ`mgê$nm àË`mgpŠV ñdrH$maZr? o g^r ‘m¡{bH$ ‘wÔo h¢ OmoEVX²{d`fH$ {ddmXH$mo n`m©ßV O{Q>b ~Zm XoVo h¢.

gmW {h gmW Bg MMm©‘| EH$ Xygam Jå^ra ‘wÔm `h ^r CbPm hþdm h¡ {H$BpÝÐ`m|H$m g§ moJ Y{‘© yV {df`Ho$ gmW Amdí`H$ ‘mZZm `m Cg {df`Ho$Y‘©^yV OmË`mH¥${V-JwU-{H«$`m Am{XHo$ gmW ^r. Š`m Bgo g§`moJ `mVËnaånamà wŠV ~mh² gå~ÝY Ûmam eŠ` ‘mZZm AWdm AÝ` hr H$moB© Amä`ÝVagå~ÝY Ûmam eŠ` ‘mZZm? AWm©V² Y‘u `m Y‘© Ho$ ~rM Š`m H$moB© EH$ hrdmñV{dH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AÝ` `m Vmo Cg AZw yV dñVw yVH$m EopÝÐ`H$ `m‘mZ{gH$ g§KmV `m g§ moOZ AWdm ì`dhmamZwJwU h‘mar Ho$db H$ënZm hmoVrh¡? `m {’$a XmoZm| hr dñVw yV hmoVo h¢?

nyd© m¡pŠVH$ H$mo{Q>H«$‘ : ‘mZ‘o ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$H$ma lr wV bú‘rnwa§ lr{ZdmgmMm ©Zo AnZo Bg

J«ÝWaËZ‘| Bg {ddmXH$m g§H$bZ g{dñVa {H$`m h¡. do H$hVo h¢- ""Aàmß`H$m[aUr lmoÌMjwfr B{V gm¡JVm…& Mjw‘m©Ì§ {dXwa² O¡Zm…. gd} AÝ o àmpßVdm{XZ…&& Ed‘² BpÝÐ`d¥ÎmmÝVo {dH$ënmo AÌ {Zê${nV…&''

(‘m.‘o.a.íbmo.dm.26&9)

h H$mí‘rad¡ m{fH$ ‘VHo$ AmMm © dgw~ÝYwHo$ ñdmonk^mî`monoV A{^Y‘©H$moe‘| CnbãY hmoVo àñVwV dMZHo$ AmYmana ^r ñ’w$Q> hmoVm hr h¡-

"" "Mjw lmoÌ Am¡a ‘Z AàmßV AW©Ho$ àH$meH$ hmoVo h¢.O~{H$ AÝ` VrZ K«mUopÝÐ` agZopÝÐ` Am¡a Ëd{JpÝÐ` àmßV dñVwAm|H$sàH$m{eH$m hmoVr h¢' A~ `{X MjwH$mo AàmßV {df`H$m àH$meH$‘mZm Om o Vmo XyadVu VWm {H$gr ì`dYmZH$s AmoQ>‘| ahr ^r g^rAàmßV dñVwAm|H$m àH$meZ MjwÛmam hmo OmZm Mm{h o. Bg Amn{ÎmHo${ZamH$aUV`m h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ bmohMwå~H$ AàmßV bmohYmVwH$mAmH$f©H$ hmoZona ^r g^r bmohYmVwAm|H$mo Vmo AnZr Amoa AmH¥$ï> ZhtH$a boVm.

Am¡a d¡go Vmo àmßV {df`m|Ho$ àH$meZH$m {Z`‘ ñdrH$ma H$aMb| V~ ^r Eogr Amn{Îm Vmo CR>m`r hr Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ g^r àmßV{df`m|H$m àH$meZ H$hm§ hmoVm h¡? CXmhaUV`m ZoÌJV AÄOZ `mebmH$m Am{X H$hm§ Z`ZJmoMa hmoVo h¢?

AV… O¡go K«mU Am{X BpÝÐ`m§ àmßV dñVwAm|H$m àH$meZ H$aVrhmoZona ^r, CZHo$ gmW ahVr g^r JÝY Am{XH$s àH$m{eH$m Zht hmonmVr, Bgr Vah Mjw ^r AàmßV dñVwH$s àH$m{eH$m hmoZona ^r g^rAàmßV dñVwAm|H$s àH$m{eH$m Z hmoVr hmo Vmo Š`m Amn{Îm h¡''2

Bg CÎmaàË wÎma‘| à{VkmV AW©H$s à{H«$`m `m Cnn{Îm XoZoHo$ ~Om` Ho$dbà{V~pÝX CÎma Ûmam Amjon{ZagZH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm PbH$Vr h¡. {’$a^r ~mh²`dñVwAm|H$mo Ðì` Z ‘mZ H$a ê$nJwUH$‘m]H$m j{UH$ g§KmV ‘mZZm, AWdm CÝh|àË`jJ«mh² Z ‘mZ H$a AZw‘o ‘mZZm, `m CZH$m AmÝV[aH$ kmpßVgo n¥WH²$ApñVËd hr Z ñdrH$maZm, AWdm CÝh| gX²-AgV²-gXgX²-C^`{dbjU `m|Mmam| H$mo{Q>Am|go {dbjU g§d¥{VgÝ‘mÌ ‘mZZm `m| d¡^m{fH$ gm¡ÌmpÝVH$ `m`moJmMma AWdm ‘mÜ`{‘H$ {H$gr ^r Ñ{ï>H$moUgo XoIm Om o Vmo àmß` dñVwHo$hr {gÕ Z hmoZogo Mjw lmoÌ `m ‘Z H$s àmß`àH$meH$m[aVm Z hmoZm ~m¡Õ{gÕmÝVgo gwg§JV H$Wm Vmo h¡ hr. {’$a^r ~mh² Ðì`mpñVËddmXr Z¡ m{`H$-d¡eo{fH$-^mÅ>-àm^mH$am|Zo Bg {ddmX‘| MjwH$s àmß`àH$meH$m[aVmH$s Cnn{ÎmImoOVo hþdo Hw$N> {deof à{H«$`mH$m ^r à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡. dh Eogo {H$ Omo BpÝÐ`{Og Ðì`go {Z{‘©V hmoVr dh Cg Ðì`H$s `m CgHo$ {deofJwUH$s J«m{hH$m ~Z

67 68

nmVr h¡. Eogr à{H«$`mHo$ D$hHo$ gmW CgH$s Cnn{ÎmHo$ Hw$N> hoVw ^r {X o J o h¢`Wm : (H$)MjwH$m ~mh²`opÝÐ` hmoZm, (I)àXrnà^mH$s Vah ì`d{hVmW©H$mAàH$meH$ hmoZm; VWm, (J)Mjw BpÝÐ`H$m V¡Og hmoZm.

`h O¡gm {H$ 1Z¡ m{`H$ 2d¡eo{fH$ 3^mÅ> Ed§ 4àm^mH$am| Ûmam ^r H$hm J`mh¡ VXZwgma Cgna Ñ{ï>nmV H$a boZm Mm{h o-

1""Mjw Am¡a lmoÌ AnZo {df`m|H$mo nm boZoHo$ ~mXCnbpãYHo$ hoVw ~ZVo h¢, OZH$ hmoZoHo$ gmW ñd{df`m|H$sAàmpßV‘| CnbpãYHo$ hoVw Z ~Z nmZoHo$ H$maU. Hw$å^H$ma Am¡a‘¥{ÎmH$m H$s Vah.''

2""Mjw àmßV AW©H$s àH$m{eH$m hmoVr h¡, ì`d{hV AW©H$sAàH$m{eH$m hmoZogo àXrnH$s Vah.''-""Mjw V¡Og hmoVr h¡,naH$s` ñne©H$s ì`pÄOH$m Z hmoZona ^r naH$s` ê$nH$sì`pÄOH$m hmoZogo. àXrnH$s Vah. AWdm à^mH$s Vah gmoMZonañne©Ho$ gmW "naH$s`' {deofUHo$ {~Zm ^r H$m‘ Mb gH$Vmh¡.''

3""~w{Õ BpÝÐ`mYrZ hmo H$a O~ H$moB© kmZ CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡V~ Cgo "àË`j' H$hm OmVm h¡. Bg à{H«$`mH$s Cnn{ÎmHo$ hoVwOmo `m O¡gm à‘mU’$b^md {dMmam Om` Cggo H$moB© AÝVa Zhtn‹S>Vm, ha gyaV‘| {dÚ‘mZ dñVwH$m hr Cnbå^ hmoVm hmoZogo.CXmhaUV`m Mmho BpÝÐ`m|H$mo à‘mU ‘mZ H$a CZH$s AW©Ho$ gmWg§J{V ‘mZr Om`, AWdm ‘ZH$s BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ gmW g“{VH$moñdrH$mar Om`, AWdm Ho$db AmË‘m hr go g~ Hw$N> hmoVm hþdm‘mZ {b`m Om`, gd©Wm kmZH$mo ’$b Ed§ {H$gr VahHo$ ì`mnmaH$moà‘mUV`m ‘mZZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ì`mnmaHo$ A^md‘|’$bê$n kmZ CËnÝZ Zht hmoVm. BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ gmW gdm©Ë‘ZmJ«mh²`mW©H$m gå~ÝY Vmo Ow‹S>Vm Zht h¡ {Oggo {H$ àmß`H$mar‘mZZoHo$ H$maU gdm©W©~moY Š`m| Zhr hmoVm Eogm àíZ `m AmjonCR>m`m Om gH$Vm h¡. BpÝÐ`m|H$m Ho$db àmpßVê$n gå~ÝY hr

Wmo‹S>o ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ Omo Eogr ~mV H$hr Om gHo$ AÝ`Wm à‘mH$mH$aU BpÝÐ` hmoVr h¢ Eogm H$hZo ‘mÌgo Ëd{JpÝÐ`go ê$nH$m kmZ^r hmo OmZm Mm{h o Wm, Š`m|{H$ Ëd{JpÝÐ`H$mo "H$aU' Vmo ‘mZmZ. O¡go à‘mUVmH$s {Zîn{Îm BpÝÐ` Am¡a J«mh² mW© H$s Amngr`mo½`Vmna {Z ©a hmoVr h¡. Bgr Vah à‘mU’$bHo$ ~mao‘| `mo½`VmAm{X hoVw Vmo ñdrH$maZo hr n‹S>|Jo. g§ moJ d¡go C^`{Zð> hmoVm h¡{’$a^r CgH$m AÝ`Vam{lV ì`nXoe Vmo dm½ì`dhma{gÕ hr h¡.''

4""`hm§ EH$ Ame§H$m hmoVr h¡ {H$ Omo dñVw XyaXoe‘| AdpñWVhmo CgH$s Xyar Eogr pñW{V‘| àVrV hmoZr Zht Mm{h o Š`m|{H$O~ Mjw{H$aU| dñVwXoe‘| nhþ§M hr J`r hm| Vmo Xyar H$hm§ ahOm`oJr? O¡go Ëd{JpÝÐ` O~ {df`Xoe‘| nhþ§M H$a dñVwH$mAZw d àmßV H$aVr h¡, V~ dh dñVw Xyad{V©V`m AZw yV ZhthmoZr Mm{h`o.

Bgr Vah g^r g§ moJ J‘Z{H«$`mde gånÝZ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a`h Vmo g‘rnV‘ g‘rnVa g‘rn Xya XyaVa Am¡a XyaV‘ Ho$nydm©naH«$‘Ho$ AZwgma hr eŠ` hmoVm h¡. AV… g‘rn Am¡a XyaAdpñWV Xmo nXmWm]H$m EH$H$mb‘| J«hU eŠ` Zht ah nm oJm.BgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Ðï>mHo$ H$‘m©Ñï>de^moJm`VZê$n earaH$s Anojmgo {df`m|H$s AZw^y{Vê$n O¡gm^moJ {Z`V hmo VXZwgma XyaXoe AÝVamb Am¡a g‘rn Am{X AZoH${df`m |H$s EH$H$m{bH$ AZw^y{V eŠ` h¡. Ohm § VH$H«$‘mZwgm[aVmHo$ n[ahmanyd©H$ EH$H$mb‘| hmoVr AZw y{VH$m àíZh¡ Vmo dhm§ Hw$N> ~mV| kmVì` h¢.

`hm§ {H$gr ‘VHo$ AZwgma ~mh² àH$me{H$aU| Omo g^r~mh² {df`m|H$mo EH$ gmW Koao ahVr h¢, CZHo$ gmW Mmjwf {H$aU|EH$s^yV hmo H$a EH$H$mb‘| g^r g‘rn-XyadVu {df`m|H$màH$meZ H$a nmVr h¢. Eogm, naÝVw, hmoZona Vmo A{VXyadVu ì`d{hV{df`m|H$m ^r àH$meZ eŠ` hmo OmZm Mm{h o Wm.

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AV… nydm}ŠV g‘mYmZ Hw$N> ‘Vm|H$mo AJ«mh² bJVm h¡.naÝVw Z`Z{H$aUm|H$s A{VÐþVJm{‘VmHo$ H$maU nydm©naH«$‘ J¥hrVZht hmo nmVm Eogr AÝ` Hw$N> ‘Vm|H$s YmaUm h¡.

Bgo ^r AÝ` {MÝVH$ gpÝZH¥$ï> dñVwAm|Ho$ J«hU‘| eŠ`‘mZZona ^r hOmam| `moOZH$s Xyarna AdpñWV {df`m|Ho$ ~mao‘|eŠ` Zht ‘mZVo h¢.

BZ gmar ~mVm|Ho$ g‘mYmZV`m h‘ Vmo `hr H$hZm Mmh|Jo{H$ Z`Z{H$aUm|go EH$s^yV ~mh²` àH$meH$s {H$aU| Ðï>mHo$H$‘m©Ñï>demV² Omo Xe©Z eŠ` hmo CgrH$m àH$meZ H$aVr h¢,AÝ`m|H$m Zht''3.

Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ Z¡ m{`H$ d¡eo{fH$ ^mÅ> VWm àm^mH$am| Zo MjwJ«m©h²dñVwH$m àH$meZ {df`Xoe‘| MjwH$s àmpßVHo$ nyd©H$ Omo {ZYm©[aV {H$`m CgH$sà{H«$`m VWm Cnn{Îm ^r g‘PmZoH$m ^agH$ à`mg {H$`m hr h¡.

Amh©V Xe©ZHo$ AZwgma, naÝVw, Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$m{XHo$ ‘Vm|H$m Z¡J‘ AWm©V²,àñVwV {dMm ©{df` ~mh² mW©Ho$ gÝX ©‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo, "ñ`mX² ApñV'' Z`‘|AÝV^m©d ñdrH$mam J`m h¡4. AV… ~mh² mW©Ho$ Ho$db ApñVËdH$s YmaUmH$mAdbå~Z H$aZodmbo Z`H$mo XwZ© ‘mZm OmVm hmoZogo VÝ‘ybH$ YmaUmAm|Ho$ gmWAmh©Vm|H$m gh‘V Z hmo nmZm AghO Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. AV…Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`H$ma lrà^mMÝX BZ wpŠV`m|H$s Omo g‘rjm H$aVo h¢ CZH$mgmamZwdmX ^r `hm§ àñVwV H$aZm Mmh|Jo :

1""`h "~mh² opÝÐ`' {H$go H$hm Om ahm h¡? Š`m ~mh² mW©Ho$J«hUmW© Omo A{^‘wI hmo Cgo AWdm ~mh² Xoe‘| Omo AdpñWVhmo Cgo?... {X àW‘ H$ën ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo ‘ZH$mo r ~mh² opÝÐ`‘mZZm n‹S>oJm; Š`m|{H$ dh r AàmßVH$mar hmoZona r ~mh² mW©Ho$J«hUmW© A{^‘wI Vmo hmoVm hr h¡. Xygao H$ënH$mo ñdrH$maZona`h {Okm{gVì` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ Z`ZJmobH$ `m ZoÌapí‘ ‘|go

{H$go ~mh² Xoe‘| AdpñWV ‘mZZm? Z`Zapí‘Am|H$mo ~{hX}e‘|AdpñWV ‘mZZona Š`m CÝh| ~{hX}e‘| Am{lV ‘mZZm `m~{hX}e‘| Ho$db àH$meZ{H«$`m‘| àd¥Îm ‘mZZm? Z`Zapí‘Am|H$mo~mh² Xoe‘| Am{lV Vmo ñd § nyd©njrZo ^r ‘mZm Zht h¡. AV…An{gÕmÝV hmo OmVm h¡. Xygao H$ën AWm©V² ~{hX}e‘|àH$meZ{H«$`m‘| àd¥Îm ‘mZZm Bg{b o J«mh² Zht bJVm Š`m|{H$ñd § Bg VahH$s Z`Zapí‘Am|H$m ApñVËd hr gpÝX½Y h¡. AV…CZ apí‘Am|H$m {df`àH$meZmW© ~{hX}e‘| àd¥Îm hmoZm ^r ñd §A{gÕ hoVw ~Z OmVm h¡. Z`ZJmobH$m|H$m Vmo ~{hX}e‘| AdñWmZàË`j~m{YV hr h¡. ~mh²`mW©Ho$ Xoego Agå~Õ, Š`m|{H$,earaàXoe‘| hr Z`ZJmobH$ àË`jV`m àVrV hmoVo h¢...

2BgHo$ Abmdm Mjw AnZo JmobH$ hmoZoHo$ ñd^md‘| m apí‘hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| hm§ Y{‘©ËdoZ A{^àoV h¡? JmobH$ hmoZoHo$ ñd^mddeñdrH$mam Om o Vmo dh àË`jgo {déÕ hr h¡. àË`j àVr{VHo$~bna Mjw ~mh² mW©Xoego Agå~Õ earaHo$ àXoe‘| hr CnbãYhmoVr hmoZogo. AÝ`Wm Mmjwf àË`jHo$ H$mb‘| nbH$m|Ho$ ^rVaZ`ZJmobH$ µJm`~ hmo OmZo Mm{h`o Wo. `{X aí‘rê$nV`m{dd{jV hmo Vmo aí‘rê$n Vmo Y‘u hr {gÕ Zht; Š`m|{H$,aí‘rê$n Mjw {H$gr ^r à‘mUgo à{gÕ Zht hmoVr. Š`m|{H$Z`Zapí‘Am|Ho$ gmYH$ à‘mU àË`j `m AZw‘mZ Vmo hmo gH$VoZht. àË`j Vmo hmo hr Zht gH$Vm Š`m|{H$ Eogr Z`Zapí‘ H$ht~mh² mW©V`m àVrV hmoVr Zht. `{X Eogr apí‘ àË`jV… àVrVhmoVr hmo Vmo {’$a {ddmXH$m H$moB© {df` ^r Zht ah OmZm Mm{h oWm. Zrbm a§J Zrbo a§JHo$ ê$n‘| {XIbm`r XoVm hmo V~ {H$go{dà{Vn{Îm hmo gH$Vr h¡?

3àË`jmZw y{V BpÝÐ`mW©Ho$ gpÝZH$f©go OÝ` ‘mZr J`r h¡Am¡a ~mh²`mW©Xoe‘| {dÚ‘mZ Z`Zapí‘Am|Ho$ gmW XygarBpÝÐ`m|H$m gpÝZH$f© Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {Oggo dhm§ CZapí‘Am|H$m àË`j n¡Xm hmo nm o. AV… AÝVV… AZdñWmXmof ^r`hm§ Am n‹S>oJm. àË`jXe©ZHo$ A^md‘| AZw‘mZÛmam ^r AVEd

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BZ apí‘Am|H$s {g{Õ eŠ` Zht... EVmdVm apí‘Am|H$s gÎmm{gÕ H$aZoH$mo Omo AZw‘mZ àñVwV {H$`m J`m {H$ "Mjw apí‘dmbrhmoVr h¢ V¡Og hmoZoHo$ H$maU' CgH$m ^r {ZagZ hmo OmVm h¡...Š`m|{H$ `h apí‘dÎmm JmobH$ê$n MjwH$s A{^àoV h¡ `mVX²ì`{V[aŠV {H$gr dñVwH$s? MjwJm}bH$go ì`{V[aŠV {H$grdñVwH$m apí‘ wŠV hmoZm Vmo Z Ho$db A{gÕ hr h¡ àË wV EogmH$hZogo An{gÕmÝVH$m àg§J ^r Am n‹S²>Vm h¡. JmobH$ê$nMjwH$mo apí‘ wŠV {gÕ H$aZm hmo Vmo nj hr àË`j~m{YV hmoOmVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ Z`ZJmobH$m|‘| M‘H$sbr à^m H$moB© {XIbm`rZht XoVr.

4A~ CZ apí‘Am|H$m o AÑí` ‘mZ H$a Mb| Vm oAZwX² yVê$nñne©dVr hmoZoHo$ H$maU àË`j~mYHo$ àg§Jgo ~MmOm gH$Vm Wm naÝVw Eogr apí‘ V~ ê$nàH$meH$ H¡$go {gÕ hmonm`|Jr? Š`m |{H$ Mjw ê$nàH$meH$ hm o Zht gH$VrAZwX² yVê$ndmbr hmoZoHo$ H$maU Obgo g§ wŠV AZbH$s Vah.Eogm H$moB© ^r VoOmoÐì` {Og‘| Z Vmo CX² yV ê$n hmo Am¡a Z CX² yVñne© hmo H$ht {XIbm`r Zht XoVm... {~ëbr Am{X OmZdam|H$sAm§Im|‘| àË`jV… apí‘`m§ àVrV hmoVr h¢ AV… H$moB© {damoY Zht,Eogm H$hZm hmo Vmo H$hmo naÝVw {OZ OmZdam|H$s Am§Im|‘| apí‘`m§{XIbm`r Z XoVr hm| CZ‘| apí‘`m§ H¡$go ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡?...

5BgHo$ Abmdm Omo apí‘ wŠV nXmW© hmoVo h¢ CÝh| ~mh² mW©Ho$àH$meH$ hmoZo‘| ~mh²`mbmoH$H$s Anojm Zht hmoVr O¡goàXrnH$mo... AV… Omo hoVw EVXW© {X`m J`m {H$ Mjw V¡Og hmoZoHo$H$maU apí‘ wŠV hmoVr h¢ dh r {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm... AZw‘mZV…^r `h ~m{YV bJVm h¡-O¡go {H$ Mjw V¡Og Zht hmoVr M‘H$sboê$n Am¡a ñne© go a{hV hmoZoHo$ H$maU. Omo Bg Vah M‘H$sbo ê$nAm¡a ñne© go a{hV hmoVo h¢ do V¡Og Zht hmoVo O¡go ‘¥pËnÊS>m{X...

6MjwHo$ Ûmam AÝYH$ma ^r J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ AV… Cgo V¡Og‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. AmbmoH$go AÝYH$ma J¥hrV Zht hmo nmVm

R>rH$ d¡go hr. AV… V‘…àH$meH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU MjwH$mo V¡Og²Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm...

7MjwH$mo àmß`H$mar ‘mZZona Š`m {df` MjwHo$ Xoe VH$AmVm h¡ `m Mjw {df`Ho$ Xoe n ©ÝV OmVr h¡? àW‘ H$ën VmoàË`jgo ~m{YV h¡... {ÛVr` H$ën‘| ^r àË`j{damoY {XIbm`rXoVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ àË`jV`m {df`Ho$ à{V MjwH$m J‘Z {gÕ ZhthmoVm. `hm§ {damoYr AZw‘mZ ^r {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Mjw ñd §Om H$a ~mh² mW©Ho$ gmW gå~Õ Zht hmoVr, BpÝÐ` hmoZoHo$ H$maUËdMmH$s Vah hr.

8AV… Ñï>ar{VH$m A{VH«$‘U H$aHo$ MjwHo$ gmW Ow‹S>r {H$grdñVwH$m {df`Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` àVr{VHo$ ~bna{df`go Agå~Õ Mjw hr {df`H$s àH$meH$ hmoVr h¡ EogoñdrH$ma‘| Š`m Amn{Îm h¡? ì`W© hr àVr{VH$m Anbmn H$aZogobm^ Š`m...

9{df`Xoe‘| Om H$a Mjw AW©H$mo Úmo{VV H$aVr hmo Vmo...H$m§M ‘oK nmaXeu dñÌ ñdÀN> Ob ñ’${Q>H$ Am{XHo$ Ûmam ì`d{hVdñVwAm|H$m `m Vmo Cnbå^ Zht hmoZm Mm{h`o AWdm BZì`dYmZm|Ho$ ~mdOyX Mjw CZ ì`d{hV dñVwAm|VH$ OmVr hmo Vmoì`dYmZê$n nXmWm]H$m ^mZ Zht hmoZm Mm{h`o, Š`m|{H$ Mjwdhm§go AmJo nhþ§M J`r hmoVr h¡. BZ H$m§M Am{X Ad`{dAm|Ho$Ûmam à{V~ÝY Š`m| Zht hmoVm? `{X BZHo$ Amanma OmZoHo$ H$maUMjwH$s apí‘`m§ AW©Xoe VH$ OmVr hm| Vmo H$‘go H$‘ H$m§M Am{Xgoì`d{hVmW©H$s CnbpãYHo$ g‘` Vmo ì`dYm`H$ H$m§M Am{XAZwnbå^ Adí` hr hmoZm Mm{h o...

10Bggo `h {gÕ hþdm {H$ H$‘bHo$ eVnÌm|Ho$ doY‘| O¡goH«${‘H$Vm AZw yV Zht hmoVr Cgr Vah g‘rnñW d¥jH$s emImAm¡a XyañW MÝБm Ho$ AZw d‘| ^r dh Xwb©ú` hmo OmVr h¡, `hg‘mYmZ ^r {ZañV hmo OmVm h¡...

11MjwH$mo àmß`H$mar ‘mZZona MjwHo$ {df`Ho$ ~mao‘| g§e``m {dn`m©g Vmo hmoZo hr Zht Mm{h |, Š`m|{H$ Mjwgo J¥h² ‘mU

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dñVwHo$ gm‘mÝ` Y‘m]H$s Vah {deof Y‘© ^r Xya Zht ah OmVohmoZogo CZH$m gpÝZH¥$ï> dñVwH$s Vah J«hU hmo OmZm Mm{h o...gpÝZH¥$ï> hmoZona ^r MjwHo$ Ûmam gm‘mÝ` hr J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ {deofZht Eogm Vmo H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm''5.

O¡Zm|Ho$ gßV §{J‘monoV {gÕmÝV‘| em§H$am|H$m AÝV^m©d, àñVwV {dMm ©{df`~mh² mW©Ho$ gÝX ©‘| gmoMZm hmo Vmo, ñ`mX² ZmpñV'' ê$n g§J«hZ`‘| Amh©Vm|ÛmamñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Bggo AbJ hQ> H$a ~m¡Õm|H$m AÝV^m©d F$OwgyÌmHy$V, AWm©V²àñVwV ~mh² mW©Ho$ gÝX ©‘| gmoMZm hmo Vmo, ""ñ`mX² AdŠVì`‘²'' Z`‘| ñdrH$mamJ`m h¡6. `h `Ú{n ApÝV‘ ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|Ho$ ‘VHo$ gmW g§JV H$Wm Zht bJVrh¡. {’$a^r `moJmMma ‘VH$s Ñ{ï>go ~m¡Õm|H$m AÝV^m©d ""ñ`mX² ZmpñV'' H$ënHo$AÝVJ©V A{YH$ gwg§JV bJVm h¡. d¡go ""ñ`mX² AdŠVì`‘²'' H$ënH$moH$mo{Q>Ì`{d{Z‘w©ŠV ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠV ‘mZ H$a Mbm Om o VmoCg‘| ‘mÜ`{‘H$ ~m¡Õm|H$m AÝV^m©d ^r eŠ` hmo Om`oJm. em§H$a doXmÝV‘|{‘Ï`mËd d¡go Vmo ""gX²{^ÝZËdo g{V AgX²{^ÝZËdo g{V gXgX²{^ÝZËd‘²''(AÛ¡.{g.{‘Ï`m.{Zé.àH$.) H$mo{Q>Ì`{d{Z‘m}H$ê$n hr ‘mZm J`m h¡. {’$a^rem§H$a doXmÝVH$m ^r AÝV^m©d MVwW© ""ñ`mX² AdŠVì`‘²'' H$ën‘| hrA{YH$ wŠVVa ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷kmZOÝ` ~mYgo nhbo ~mh² mW©J«mhràË`jH$m ì`mdhm[aH$ àm‘mÊ` ‘mÜ`{‘H$ ~m¡Õm|H$s hr Vah em§H$a doXmÝVH$moA^rï> h¡ naÝVw ~mYkmZHo$ ~mX Vmo ñd § {ddaUà‘o g§J«hH$ma ^r eyÝ`VmHo$~mao‘| {H$gr VahH$s {dà{Vn{Îm Zht XoIVo h¢ : ""~mYà{V`mo{JËd{gÕ oVËàVr{VH$mbo gXgX²d¡bjÊ`m“rH$mamV². ~mYmX² D$Üd©ÝVw dË od eyÝ`Ëd§,{dZï>ñ` eyÝ`Vm`m§ H$ñ`m{n A{ddmXmX²'' ({dd.à‘o.g§.1&75/S>r) AVEdh‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Z Ho$db Mjw Am¡a lmoÌ BpÝÐ`m|H$m àË wV AÝV…H$aUd¥{ÎmH$m^r ~mh²` {df`Xoe‘| J‘Znyd©H$ ì`mdhm[aH$ àmß`H$m[aËd em§H$a doXmÝV‘|à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡. EVmdVm ~mh²`mW©H$s na‘mW©Ñï>çm eyÝ`Vm VWmì`dhmaÑï>çm g§d¥{VgË`mon‘ ì`mdhm[aH$gÎmm `m VXnan`m© ê$n {‘Ï`mËd ^rA“rH¥$V h¡. VXZwgma em§H$a doXmÝV‘| A{dÚmH$pënV ~mh² mW©Xoe‘| Am{dÚH$~mh²`mWm©H$mamH$m[aVmH$mo gånÝZ H$aZo ZoÌd¥{Îm VWm AÝV…H$aUd¥{Îm XmoZm|H$moàmß`àH$meH$mar ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h gwVam§ Ü`mVì` h¡ {H$ em§H$a doXmÝVm{^‘V

à{H«$`m‘| `hm§ M‘ËH$manyU© d¡bjÊ` h¡. Am¡a AVEd ~m¡Õ ‘Vm{^àoV à{H«$`mgo`h gd©Wm {dnarV hr {gÕ hmoVr h¡. EVXW© {ddaUà‘o g§J«h VWm doXmÝVn[a^mfmHo$ o A§e AdbmoH$Zr` h¢-

""gd©JV {MXmË‘mH$mo Amd¥V H$a Ho$ AdpñWV ^mdê$nmA{dÚm hr OJV²Ho$ {d{dY AmH$mam|‘| n[aUV hmoVr h¡. dhm§earaHo$ ^rVa pñWV "AÝV…H$aUm'»` A{dÚmH$m {ddV©Y‘m©Y‘©go ào[aV hmo H$a ZoÌm{XHo$ Ûmam ~mha {ZH$b H$a `Wmo{MVKQ> Am{X {df`m|‘| ì`mßV hmo OmZona KQ> Am{X AmH$mam|‘|AmH$m[aV hmo OmVm h¡. O¡go bmoH$‘| Vbmd‘| ^am hþdm Ob CgH$s^tV‘| aho {N>Ðm|‘|go ~mha ~h H$a Zm{bAm|‘| ~hVm hþdm Š`m[aAm|VH$ nhþ§M H$a CZ‘| ^a OmVm h¡. do Š`m[a`m§ MVwîH$moU hm| VmoMVwîH$moU, {ÌH$moU hm| Vmo {ÌH$moU; Am¡a dVw©b hm| Vmo dVw©b AmH$ma^r Ob J«hU H$a boVm h¡. `h VÏ` h¡ {H$ {~bHw$b VbmdHo$ObH$s hr Vah AÝV…H$aU Yr‘o-Yr‘o Zht ~hVm. dh Eogr VahZht ~hVm {H$ A{VXyadVu MÝÐ ZjÌ Y«wd Am{X VH$ nhþ§M hr Znm o dh Vmo gy ©H$s {H$aUm|H$s Vah V¡Og hmoZoHo$ H$maU erK« hrXrK©à^mHo$ AmH$ma‘| n[aUV hmo OmVm h¡. AVEd {H$aUm|H$s hrVah ghgm g§Hw${MV ^r hmo nmVm h¡. gmd`d hmoZoHo$ H$maUAÝV…H$aU XyYH$s Vah AÝ`Wm^mdmnÝZ ^r AWm©V² n[aUV hmonmVm h¡. Bg n[aU{VHo$ de AÝV…H$aU XohHo$ ^rVa Am¡a KQ>Am{X {df`‘| ^r ^br^m§{V ì`mßV hmo H$a Xoh, KQ>; Am¡a, CZXmoZm|Ho$ ~rM‘| aho AÝVamb‘| ^r A{dpÀN>ÝZ XÊS>m`‘mZ hmo H$aAdpñWV hmo OmVm h¡. `hm§ XohmdpÀN>ÝZ AÝV…H$aUHo$ ^mJH$mo"Ah§H$mam'»` "H$Vm©' H$hm OmVm h¡. Xoh Am¡a {df` Ho$ ~rMXÊS>m`‘mZ AÝV…H$aUHo$ ^mJH$mo "d¥{ÎmkmZ'{^Ym "{H«$`m' H$hmOmVm h¡. Bgr Vah {df`Ho$ ì`mnH$ AÝV…H$aUHo$ ^mJH$mo~mh ²`mW©H o $ kmZH$m H$‘©(={df`) ~ZmZodmbm"A{^ì`pŠV`mo½`' H$hm OmVm h¡. Bg Vah VrZ ^mJm|dmboAÝV…H$aUHo$ A{Ve` ñdÀN> hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cg‘| M¡VÝ`

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A{^ì`ŠV hmo nmVm h¡. `h A{^ì`ŠV M¡VÝ` EH$ hmoZona ^rAnZo A{^ì`ÄOH$ AÝV…H$aUê$nr Cnm{YHo$ oXde VrZ Vah{Zê${nV hmoVm h¡ : H$Vm©dmbo ^mJ‘| {Kam {MX§e à‘mVm,{H«$`mdmbo ^mJ‘| {Kam {MX§e à‘mU, {df`JV `mo½`VmYm`H$^mJ‘| {Kam {MX§e à{‘{V. `m| à‘mVm, à‘mU Am¡a à{‘{V ‘|H$moB© gm§H$ © Zht hmo nmVm.''

""kmZopÝÐ`m§-K«mU agZm Mjw lmoÌ Am¡a ËdMm `m|-nÄMg§»`mH$ hmoVr h¢. o gmar AnZo-AnZo {df`m|go g§ wŠV hmoH$a hr àË`jkmZ CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢. BZ‘| K«mU agZm Am¡a ËdMmBpÝÐ`m§ AnZo-AnZo ñWmZm|na hr ahVr hþ r JÝY ag ñne© Ho$Cnbå^ CËnÝZ H$a nmVr h¢. O~{H$ Mjw Am¡a lmoÌ Vmo ñdVEd{df`Xoe n ©ÝV Om H$a AnZo-AnZo {df`m|H$mo J¥hrV H$aVo h¢.ldUopÝÐ` ^r MjwH$s hr Vah n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^oarAm{XHo$ Xoe VH$ nhþ§M H$a CgHo$ eãX gwZ boVr h¡''7.

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ em§H$a doXmÝV Z Ho$db MjwH$s A{nVw lmoÌAm¡a AÝV…H$aU, {Ogo ~m¡Õ Xe©Z‘| "‘Z' H$hm J`m h¡, `m| VrZm|H$mo hràmß`àH$meH$mar ‘mZVm h¡. dh ^r ~mh² mW©H$s H$pënVVm VWm ~mh² Xoe‘|ì`mdhm[aH$s {dÚ‘mZVm `m| nañna XmoZm| {damoYm^mgr YmaUmAm|Ho$ g‘Ýd`mW©{H$VZr {dbjU à{H«$`mHo$ Adbå~Z Ûmam àñVm{dV `h à{VnmXZ h¡

‘mÜd doXmÝV, naÝVw, Bg à{H«$`mH$m àË`m»`mZ H$aZm MmhVm h¡.lr‘X²dm{XamOVrW© AnZo {ddaUd«U‘| CpëbpIV AÝV…H$aUd¥{ÎmHo$ ~mh²`{df`Xoe‘| J‘ZH$s AmbmoMZm BZ eãXm|‘| H$aVo h¢-

""{ddaUH$maH$m à{VnmXZ C{MV ‘mZm Om gH$Vm Wm`{X KQ> Am{XH$m A{Yð>mZ yV M¡VÝ` KQ>m{XkmZê$n hmoVm Vmo,dh Vmo CnnÝZ hr Zht hmoVm. AV… M¡VÝ` `{X KQ>m{XkmZê$nhmo Vmo `h ~VmZm n‹S>oJm {H$ AZw^dgo {dnarV Eogr H$ënZmH$aZoH$m Am¡{MË` Š`m h¡? `{X ÑJ² Am¡a Ñí` Ho$ ~rM XygamH$moB© gå~ÝY CnnÝZ Zht hmoVm hmoZogo AÜ`mgê$n gå~ÝYH$moeŠ` ~ZmZo Eogr YmaUm àñVwV A^rï> hmo Vmo Š`m KQ>mH$m[aH$m

d¥{ÎmHo$ AÜ`mg Z hmoZona r Cgo KQ>kmZ ‘mZZm m Zht? AÜ`mgZ hmoZoH$s pñW{V‘| Vmo nQ>mH$m[aH$m d¥{Îmgo ^r KQ>{df`H$AkmZH$s {Zd¥{Îm ñdrH$ma‘| r H$moB© ~mYm Zht ah Om oJr. àW‘H$ën‘| `h ^r ñnï> H$aZm Mm{h o {H$ AmÜ`m{gH$s KQ>mH$m[aH$md¥{ÎmH$s KQ>kmZê$nVm H¡$gr hmo gH$Vr h¡? `h Vmo H$h Zht gH$Vo{H$ KQ>mH$m[aH$m hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr, Š`m|{H$ V~ Vmo Amdí`H$hmoZogo VÎmX²-{df`mH$m[aH$m d¥{ÎmAm|H$mo hr VÎmX²-{df`H$kmZ‘mZ boZm n`m©ßV hmoZogo {df`m{Yð>mZ yV M¡VÝ`H$mo r kmZ ‘mZZm{ZaW©H$ hr {gÕ hmoJm. AÝ`Wm {H$gr EH$ KQ>H$mo r Ana KQ>H$mkmZ ‘mZZo‘| r Hw$N> Amn{ÎmOZH$ ah Zht Om oJm. BgHo$ Abmdm{H$gr ^r Vah {deof AmH$mam|go a{hV Eogo ê$n g§»`m gm‘mÝ`A^md Am{X {df`m|Ho$ kmZm|H$mo Vmo kmZ hr ‘mZm Zht Om gHo$Jm.namojkmZÛmam Š`m|{H$ Mjw Am{X BpÝÐ`ê$n H$aUm|Ho$ ghH$maHo${~Zm hr ~mh²`mW©go Agå~Õ AÝV…H$aU ~mh²`mW©H$mAmH$maJ«hUmW© gj‘ Z hmoZogo Eogo kmZH$mo kmZ ‘mZZm eŠ`Zht ah Om oJm. Omo AÝV…H$aU ñdV… hr {ZamH$ma hmo dh VmoVÎmV²-H$aUê$nm BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam hr VÎmX² BpÝÐ`m|go Jå` {df`m|H$mAmH$ma {H$g `m H¡$gr àUmbrÛmam bo nm oJm? VbmdH$m ObZmbrgo ~h H$a Š`mar‘| nhþ§MZona Š`m[aAm|Ho$ AmH$ma‘|AmH$m[aV hmo OmVm h¡, Cg Vah Š`m AÝV…H$aU AmH$maJ«hUH$a nm`oJm?... Vbmd‘| ahr gr{‹T>`m|Ho$ H$maU ^bm H$^rVbmdH$m Ob Š`mar VH$ nhþ§M gH$Vm h¡ Š`m? dh Vmo ZmbrÛmamhr nhþ§M nmVm h¡. EVmdVm {gÕ hþdm {H$ Š`m[aAm|VH$ `{XObH$mo nhþ§MmZm hmo Vmo VbmdHo$ ~mha ahr hþ r hr H$moB© àUmbrAn[ahm ©V`m AnZmZr n‹S>oJr. AVEd Vmo AÝV…H$aUgo ~mh²Mjw Am{X BpÝÐ`ê$n nXmWm]H$s Amdí`H$Vm ñdrH$maZr hrn‹S>Vr h¡ Am¡a dh C{MV ^r h¡ hr...

EH$ Xygar ~mV `h ^r h¡ {H$ KQ>mH$m[aH$m d¥{Îm KQ>{df`H$AkmZH$mo Vmo Xya H$a gH$Vr h¡ naÝVw KQ>go {^ÝZ Eogo M¡VÝ`Ho$~mao‘| Omo AkmZ hmo Cgo H¡$go Xya H$a nm oJr? A~ `{X H$hmOm o {H$ dhr d¥{Îm M¡VÝ`H$mo ^r AnZm {df` ~Zm boJr Vmo `h

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d¥{Îm AnZo‘| AZÜ`ñV {ZamH$ma M¡VÝ`H$mo H¡$go {df` ~Zmnm`oJr? CgHo$ CëboInwa…ga ~Zm nm`oJr Eogm H$hVo hmo Vmogd©Ì Cgrgo gmao kmZ CËnÝZ hmo Om`|Jo {’$a {ZaW©H$ hrAZZw d{gÕ AmH$mamÜ`mgH$s H$ënZm H$aZogo bm^ Š`m?

hm§ h r àï>ì` hmoVm h¡ {H$ Zrê$n M¡VÝ`Ho$ ~mao‘| Mmjwfd¥{Îm CËnÝZ H¡$go hmo gH$Vr h¡? `{X H$hm Om`o {H$ CgKQ>mH$m[aH$m d¥{ÎmHo$ {df`r yV KQ>‘| M¡VÝ`Ho$ AZwñ yV hmoZoHo$H$maU Vmo, V~ Vmo Cg‘| AmH$me Am¡a JwéËd ^r AZwñ yV hmoVo hrh¢, gmo CÝh| Š`m| dh d¥{Îm AnZm {df` Zht ~Zm boVr? O¡goKQ>-nQ>Ho$ g‘yhmdbå~r kmZHo$ AZwì`dgm`‘| KQ> Am¡a nQ> XmoZm|{df` ~ZVo h¢, R>rH$ Cgr Vah "KQ> Am¡a CgHo$ A{Yð>mZ yVM¡VÝ` H$mo ‘¢ XoI-OmZ ahm hÿ§' Eogm AZwì`dgm` Š`m| hmoVmZht?...''8.

Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ {ddaUd«UH$ma H¡$go AÝV…H$aUd¥{ÎmH$s àmß`H$m[aVmH$sg‘mbmoMZm H$aVo h¢. d¡go Vmo Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`H$maH$s wpŠV`m|H$m ^r g‘mYmZàñVwV {H$ o {~Zm Mmjwf d¥{ÎmHo$ ~{h{Z©îH«$‘UH$s H$ënZm ^r ghgm öX`mê$‹T>Zht hmo nmVr h¡.

Xw½Yam{edV² nmZ¡H$Jå` ‘mYw ©go ^anya AnZo VÎdm‘wŠVmH$bmn Am¡a Cgnañdmonk gdm©W©{g{Õ ì`m»`m‘| lr‘mZ² d|H$Q>ZmW doXmÝVXo{eH$Zo ^r Bg {df`na~m¡Õ wpŠV`m|H$s g‘mbmoMZm àñVwV H$s h¡ {OZ‘| O¡Z wpŠV`m|H$m ^r Wmo‹S>m-~hþV g‘mYmZ Vmo PbH$Vm hr h¡. {’$a^r Cgo nyU© gÝVmofH$mar Vmo ‘mZm Zht OmgH$Vm h¡. h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ MjwH$s Aàmß`H$m[aVmHo$ ~mao‘| O¡Z Am¡a ~m¡ÕÑ{ï>H$moU EH$ hr h¢. lmoÌ BpÝÐ`H$mo, naÝVw, O¡Z {MÝVH$ àmß`H$mar ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a~m¡Õ Cgo ^r ‘ZH$s Vah Aàmß`H$mar hr. AV… nydm}XmöV wpŠV`m|Ho$ {déÕlrdoXmÝVXo{eH$H$s à{V wpŠV`m|H$m {d‘e© ^r `hm§ AdYmaUr` ~Z OmVm h¡-

àmß`J«mhrpÝÐ`ËdmX² {d‘V‘² BVadV² àmpßVéŠVàH$mam d¥qÎm Ñï>oa² Z éÝYo {dabnQ>Z`mX² Aå~wH$mMm{XaÀN>…&

Zmo MoX² J¥h² oV `mo½ § g‘{‘h {ZpIb§ {Zî’$bo N>mXH$mXm¡ ñW¡ } VÚmo½`^mdmo Z{h Jb{V g‘m gÝV{VñËdÝ‘Vo@{n&&

BgH$s ñdmonkm gdm©W©{g{Õ ì`m»`m‘| J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¡ {H$ ~mh² {MÝVH$m|Ûmam `h Omo wpŠV Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ BpÝÐ`m§ `{X XohHo$ ^rVa hm| Vmo Mjw Am¡almoÌ Ûmam XyañW {df`m|H$m J«hU H¡$go CnnÝZ hmo nm oJm? CgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m`h kmVì` h¡ {H$ d¥{ÎmÛmam gå~ÝY Ow‹S>Vm hmoZogo `h eŠ` h¡. `h e§H$m CR>gH$Vr h¡ {H$ XohHo$ ^rVa ^ar ahZodmbr d¥{Îm XyañW {df`m|H$m J«hU H¡$go H$anm oJr; Š`m|{H$ Y‘© H$^r Y‘uHo$ ~mha Vmo {dÚ‘mZ ah Zht gH$Vm... `Ú{nh¡VwH$J{Vgo hR>mËH$maHo$ gmW Aàmß`H$m[aVmna ^ma XoZm hr hmo Vmo r "{XdrdMjw… AmVV‘²' Eogo AmJ{‘H$ ì`dhmañdmañ`‘| H$moB© ~mYm {XIbm`r Zht XoVrhmoZogo d¥{ÎmÛmam àmpßV H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡... ~mh² {MÝVH$m|H$m `h H$hZm {H$"ñdJ«mh² {df`Ho$ àH$meZmW© Mjwd¥{ÎmH$m Z`ZJmobH$go ~mha àgaU ‘mZZona,dh `m Vmo H«$‘e… EH$-EH$ {df`H$m J«hU H$aVo hþdo AJ«ga hmoJr `m wJnV²gH$b {df`m|H$m. o XmoZm| hr H$ën, naÝVw, XyañW {df`m|H$s àmpßVHo$ hoVw CnnÝZZht hmo nmVo. AV… ‘ZH$s Vah ê$nJ«mhH$ Mjw Am¡a eãXJ«mhH$ lmoÌ ^rAàmß`J«mhr hr hmoVo h¢'. CZH$s Bg YmaUmHo$ {damoY‘| `h àË`Zw‘mZ {X`m OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ "àmß`màmß`ËdHo$ {ddmXH$m {df` Mjw AnZo {df`H$mo àmßVH$aHo$ hr ê$n Am{XH$s J«m{hH$m ~Z nmVr h¡, BpÝÐ` hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ëd{JpÝÐ`H$sVah'... Omo Hw$N> BpÝÐ`Ûmam J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ Cg dñVwH$m AnZoH$mo J«hU H$aZodmbrBpÝÐ`Ho$ gmW Hw$N> Z Hw$N> gå~ÝY Vmo Adí` hmoZm hr Mm{h`o. AÝ`WmAgå~ÕH$m J«hU ‘mZ boZona Vmo Aì`dñWm hmo Om oJr. `h Vmo R>rH$ h¡ {H$g^r gå~Õ {df`m|H$m J«hU ^r BpÝÐ`m§ Zht H$aVr. AV… d¡gr Aì`dñWm Vmoñdgå~ÕmW©J«m{hVmdm{XAm|Ho$ ‘V‘| ^r g‘mZV`m Amnm{XV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡...naÝVw gy m}X` hmoZoHo$ gmW hr CgH$s à^m O¡go gmar {XemAm|‘| ì`mßV hmo OmVrh¢, d¡go hr CVZo hr doJgo Z`Z{H$aU ^r `{X gd©Ì ì`mßV hmo OmVr hm| Vmo Cg‘|{dñ‘`H$s H$m¡Z gr ~mV hmo gH$Vr h¡ H$‘bHo$ eVnÌm|Ho$ doY‘| O¡go `m¡JnÚH$mAm^mg hmoVm h¡ d¡go hr `hm§ ^r eŠ` hmo gH$Vm h¡... Hw$N> bmoJ Omo H$hVo h¢"Mjwgo {ZîH«$‘U hmoVo hr Mjw{H$aU| MÝÐ-gy ©Ho$ ~hþXoeì`mnr ~mh² àH$megog§d{bV hmo H$a EH$ n¥Ww Ad`dr ~Z OmVr h¢. Am¡a Bgr gå~ÝYHo$ H$maU

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MjwHo$ IwbVo hr XyañW {df`H$m J«hU Am¡a XyañW VWm g‘rnñW XmoZm|H$m wJnX²J«hU ^r CnnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡' `h {H$ÝVw wpŠV wŠV {dYmZ Zht h¡, Mjwgo{ZîH«$‘UHo$ ~mX gm¡a Am{X àH$meHo$ gmW g§dbZH$s H$ënZm‘| Jm¡adXmof àH$Q>hmoVm h¡9.

~m¡Õ ‘VHo$ VH$m]Ho$ {ZagZmW© {X o J o Bg g‘mYmZ‘| Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`H$s^r H${Vn` wpŠV`m|H$m g‘mYmZ Vmo CnbãY hmoVm h¡ naÝVw {’$a^r ~hþV gmarwpŠV`m§ A^r AàË`m»`mV hr Ad{eï> h¢. AñVw.

Bg {ddmX‘| gm§»`‘Vr` B©ídaH¥$îUH$s H$m[aH$mAm|na CnbãY hmoVr àmMrZVa,gå^dV… YmamZaoe ^moOamO{da{MVm wpŠVXr{nH$m ì`m»`m‘| Omo Hw$N> {Zê${nVhþdm Cgo r Ñ{ï>JV H$a boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm, nyd©H$m{bH$ H$mo{Q>H«$‘m|Ho$ AdYmaUmW©hr. VXZwgma-

""~w{ÕH$s BpÝÐ`m§ "~wÕrpÝÐ`' H$hbmVr h¢. BZ‘|~wÕrpÝÐ` hmoZoH$s ~mV Š`m h¡? H$hm OmVm h¡-eãX Am{X{df`m|H$s à{Vn{Îm‘| `o BpÝÐ`m§ Ûmaê$n hmoVr h¢. Š`m|{H$AÝV…H$aUH$s Vmo ~{hd©¥{Îm hmo Zht gH$Vr. AV… ~mh² eãXAm{X {df`m|Ho$ gmjmX² J«hUmW© dh Vmo gj‘ hmo Zht nmVm.Bg{b o lmoÌ Am{X ê$n gmjmX² ~mh² {df`m|Ho$ àH$meZ‘| g‘WªH$moB© H$maUmÝVa Ano{jV hmoVm h¡. AV… do BpÝÐ`m§ hr EH$ àUmbr~Z H$a AÝV…H$aUH$mo {df`J«hU H$adm XoVr h¢. AV… R>rH$ hrVmo H$hm {H$ ~w{ÕH$mo ~mh² {df`m|H$s à{Vn{Îm‘| o BpÝÐ`m§ Ûma yVhmoVr h¢ AV… BÝh| "~wÕrpÝÐ`m§' H$hZm C{MV h¡.

~w{ÕHo$ BZ H$aUm|H$s {H$Z AWm]‘| d¥{Îm ‘mZr J`r h¡ Am¡aCZHo$ bjU Š`m ‘mZo J o h¢? H$hm OmVm h¡... eãX ñne© ê$nag VWm JÝY Omo nañna {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ nm§M VahHo$ {df` hmoVo h¢CZHo$ ~mao‘| lmoÌ ËdMm Mjw {Oôdm Am¡a K«mU BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam ldUñne©Z Xe©Z AmñdmXZ AmK«mU ê$nr ì`mnmam|H$mo "d¥{Îm' H$hmOmVm h¡... `h Omo nyN>m J`m {H$ CZHo$ bjU Š`m h¢, CgH$m

CÎma h¡ : BZ BpÝÐ`m| Ûmam AnZo-AnZo {df`m|H$m AmbmoMZm‘mÌA^rï> h¡. "AmbmoMZ' Am¡a "J«hU' o XmoZm| n`m© dmMH$ nXh¢... AV… R>rH$ hr Vmo H$hm {H$ BZH$s J«m{hH$m o BpÝÐ` hmoVrh¢. o BpÝÐ`m§ CZ-CZ {df`m|H$s àXrnH$s Vah àH$m{eH$m ZhthmoVr. BpÝÐ`d¥{Îm Ho$db J«m{hH$m hmoVr h¢ AWm©V² àË``ê$n Zht.naÝVw BZ J«hU, àË`` Am¡a àH$me ‘| nañna à oX Š`m hmoVmh¡? g‘YmZê$noU h AdYo h¡ {H$ {df`Ho$ gmW gånH©$ hmoZonaCZ-CZ {df`m|Ho$ ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$a nmZm hr BpÝÐ`d¥{ÎmAm|H$mJ«hUê$n ì`mnma hmoVm h¡. ~mX‘| {df` Am¡a BpÝÐ`d¥{Îm H$mAZwH$mar Omo {ZíM` hmoVm h¡ {H$ "`h Jm` h¡, `h ídoV dU©H$sh¡; Am¡a Xm¡‹S> ahr h¡' Bgo àË`` g‘PZm Mm{h o. {df`Ho$ gmVgånH©$ Ny>Q> OmZona lmoÌ Am{X d¥{ÎmAm|‘| Omo {df`mH$ma {Zd¥ÎmhmoVm h¡, dh Vmo dV©‘mZH$mbVm h¡. AV… J«hUHo$ AZw dgo Omog§ñH$mamYmZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {OgHo$ H$maU Ì¡H$m{bH$s ñ‘¥{V ~ZnmVr h¡ Cgo "àË``' H$hVo h¢. `hr BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM ahr {deofVmh¡. A~ ~mh² Omo àH$me hmoVm h¡ dh {df`mH$mamH$m[aV ZhthmoVm. KQ> Am{X {df`m|Ho$ g§ñH$maÛmam VWm ì`dYm`H$ nm{W©dN>m`mê$n Y‘©Ho$ AnhaUÛmam ^r àH$me ì`ÄOH$ hmo H$a MjwH$mCnH$mar ~Z OmVm h¡...

AV… `h CnnÝZ hmoVm h¡ {H$ àXrn Am{X àH$meH$ hmoVoh¢, lmoÌ Am{X BpÝÐ`m§ J«m{hH$m hmoVr h¢ Am¡a AÝV…H$aUì`dgm`H$ hmoVm h¡''10.

`m| dmMñn{V {‘lgo ^r nyd©H$m{bH$ gm§»`H$m[aH$mHo$ ì`m»`mVmwpŠVXr{nH$m H$maZo Omo `h {Zê$nU Mjw Am¡a MjwJ«m©h² {df` Ho$ ~mao‘|

{H$`m h¡, BgHo$ AmYmana BVZm Vmo ñnï> hmo hr OmVm h¡ {H$ BZHo$ AZwgma BpÝÐ`m§Ho$db J«m{hH$m hr hmoVr h¢, àH$m{eH$m Zht. àH$mí`-àH$meH$^md gå~ÝY VmodU©ê$nmH¥${V, VX²dX² dñVw Am¡a gm¡a Am{X Á`mo{Vî‘mZ² dñVwAm|Ho$ ~rM hr ‘mZmJ`m h¡. AVEd gå^dV… BÝht YmamZaoeH¥$V e¡d{gÕmÝVà{VnmXH$ VÎdàH$me

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J«ÝW, {Ogna lrHw$‘mañdm{‘H¥$V VmËn ©Xr{nH$m ì`m»`m ^r CnbãY h¡, Cg‘|^r-

""‘ZH$m ì`mnma BÀN>mê$n hmoVm h¡. AVEd ‘ZHo$ ^rVahr gL²H$ën hmoVm h¡. ~wÕrpÝÐ`m§ nm§M hmoVr h¢ : lmoÌ ËdMm Ñ{ï>{Oôdm Am¡a Zm{gH$m... BZHo$ J«mh² hmoVo h¢ : eãX ñne© ê$nag Am¡a JÝY... BZ BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ ì`mnma eãX Am{XHo$ J«hUê$nhmoVo h¢... BZ eãXm{XH$m J«hU eãXm{XHo$ AmH$mam|H$mo YmaUH$a boZm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr "BpÝÐ`m|H$m ì`mnma' H$hm OmVm h¡'' 11.

EVmdVm XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ amOm ^moOHo$ AZwgma gm§»` Am¡a e¡d XmoZm|hr ‘Vm|‘| {df opÝÐ`Ho$ ~rM kmZmZwHy$bm àË`mg{Îm J«mh² J«mhH$^mdê$nm ñdrH$marJ`r h¡. Bg à{VnmXZe¡{b‘| {df`opÝÐ`Ho$ ~rM {~å~-à{V{~å~^mdê$nmàË`mg{ÎmHo$ {dnarV {df` dmñV{dH$ AmH$maKQ>H$ hmoVm h¡ VWm d¥{Îm{df`mH$mamH$m[aV hmo OmVr h¡, Eogr àË`mg{Îm ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. Am§½b^mfm‘|BgHo$ {b o EH$ ~hþV Cn wŠV nX plasticity CnbãY hmoVm h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ AZwgmaHw$N> Ðì`m|‘o `Wm`W AZoH$mH$maYmaUH$s j‘Vm ‘mZr OmVr h¡. gm§»` Am¡a e¡d‘Vm|H$s ^moOamOH¥$V ì`m»`mHo$ AZwgma BpÝÐ`m|‘| d¡gr hr AZoH$mH$maYmaUj‘VmhmoVr h¡. AVEd BgrHo$ H$maU hr {df` Am¡a BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ ~rM J«mh² J«mhH$^mdê$nmàË`mg{ÎmH$s H$ënZm H$s J`r h¡. Ohm§ VH$ ~mh² àH$me {df`mH$mamH$m[aVhmoVm h¡ `m Zht Bg g‘ñ`mHo$ g‘mYmZH$s ~mV h¡ Vmo ñnï> h¡ `h Vmo gd©WmVÏ`{dnarV {dYmZ hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~mh² AmbmoH$H$s apí‘`m§ {X {df`mH$mamH$m[aVZ hmo nmVr hm| Vmo Xn©U‘| à{V{~å~ H¡$go àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡? Š`m|{H$ AÝYH$madmboàH$moð>‘| Ðï>mHo$ Agå‘wIrZ Xn©U‘| ^r Xn©Umgå‘wI AmbmoH$dmbo àH$moð>mÝVa‘|{dÚ‘mZ dñVwAm|H$m à{V{~å~ AmbmoH$apí‘Am|Ho$ Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡. `hAmbmoH$apí‘Am|Ho$ {df`mH$mamH$m[aV hþdo {~Zm H$W‘{n eŠ` Zht. Bgr VahAmYw{ZH$ CnH$aU {’$ë‘-àm°OoŠQ>a²‘| ^r Vmo nmaXeu {’$ë‘Ho$ n¥ð>^mJgoAmbmoH$apí‘Am|H$m àjonU O~ nX}na {H$`m OmVm h¡ V~ AWm©V² g’o$X nX} VH$a§J VWm AmH¥${V H$mo àH$me{H$aU| AnZo gmW bo OmVr h¢ Am¡a namd¥Îm hmo H$a

CÝh| nwZ… MjwJ«m©h² ^r ~ZmVr h¢. AV… ~mh² mbmoH$apí‘Am|Ho$ {df`mH$mamH$m[aVZ hmoZoH$s H$Wm Vmo gd©Wm VÏ`{dnarV hr h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ Mjw BpÝÐ`Ho$ {df`Xoe‘| nhþ§Mo {~Zm `m nhþ§M H$a {df`H$moàH$m{eV H$aZoHo$ {ddmXHo$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ A{^àm`H$m àíZ h¡ VmoJmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo àñWmZaËZmH$aHo$ à‘mH$aUñdê$n{Zê$nH$ H$ëbmobHo$V¥Vr` Va§JHo$; VWm, ~«÷gyÌHo$ {ÛVr`mÜ`m`Ho$ MVwW©nmXHo$ gmVd| gyÌHo$AUw mî`àH$meHo$ AmYmana CZH$m {d‘e© H$aZm Mmh|Jo. Bg {d‘e© H$aZogonhbo, naÝVw, ñd § ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © Ûmam Omo Hw$N> Bg {df`‘| à{Vnm{XV{H$`m J`m h¡, Cgo nhbo Ñ{ï>JmoMa H$a boZm Cn`wŠV hmoJm. CgHo$ ~mXlrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUH$s {deX {ddoMZmH$m AdbmoH$Z àmßVmdga {MÝVZ hmoJm.

dmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moU : ^mJdVV¥Vr`ñH$ÝYH$s gw~mo{YZr ì`m»`m‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢-

""kmZàYmZ ‘hV² VÎdgo {H«$`mepŠVdmbm Ah§H$mag‘wËnÝZ hþdm. `h VrZ VahH$m hr CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡. ñd`§CËn{ÎmH$s à{H«$`m hr `hm§ ^o{XH$m ~Z OmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$‘ybàH¥${VHo$ n[aUm‘ê$n o {dH$ma VrZ JwUm|dmbo Vmo hmoVo hrh¢... Ah§H$ma d¡H$m[aH$ AWm©V² gmpÎdH$ ^r hmoVm h¡ Am¡a amOgVm‘g ^r... E og o {Ì{dY Ah§H$mago ‘Z BpÝÐ` Am¡anÄM‘hm yVm|H$s CËn{Îm hmoVr h¡, BZ‘| nÄMVÝ‘mÌmAm|H$m ^rAÝV^m©d OmZ boZm Mm{h o... ~w{ÕVÎdH$s CËn{Îm hmoVr h¡ amOgAh§H$mago... `h ~w{Õ {Z{d©f{`H$m Zht hmoVr, AV… ~w{Õ{H$gr^r {df`Ho$ ~mao‘| n¡Xm hmo gH$Vr h¡... ‘Z O¡go BpÝÐ`m|H$màoaH$ hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h H$aZm ~w{ÕH$m H$m © h¡.AVEd ~w{ÕÛmam AZwJ¥hrV hr BpÝÐ`m§ Hw$N> ^r OmZ `m H$a nmVrh¢. ~w{ÕHo$ VmaVå`de hr, AVEd, BpÝÐ`m|go n¡Xm hmoVo kmZAm¡a {H«$`m ‘| ^r VmaVå` àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡. `h Vmo hþdm ~w{ÕH$mH$m`m©Zwgm[a bjU. ~w{ÕH$m ñdê$nbjU "Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZ'‘mZm J`m h¡ : KQ> Am{X Ðì`m|Ho$ ñ’w$aU hmoZona eãX, g§ñH$ma

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AWdm AmbmoH$ Ûmam Omo {d{eï> kmZ n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ dh ~w{Õ h¡.Š`m|{H$ Ho$db Mjwgo n¡Xm hmoZodmbo kmZ‘| VmaVå` hmo ZhtgH$Vm. ñdV…ñ’w$aU Vmo `moJO Y‘m]go ^r eŠ` hmoVm h¡, AV…Ðì`Ho$ ñ’w$aU hmoZoHo$ ~mX Omo {dkmZ n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ Cgo hr ~w{ÕH$mñdê$nbjU ‘mZm J`m h¡. BÝh| "V¡Og' H$hm J`m h¡, Š`m|{H$BpÝÐ`m§ Mmho kmZH$s H$aU hm| `m {H«$`mH$s, Xm|Zm| VahH$s hmoVrVmo h¢ amOg hr. kmZH$s H$aU ~ZZodmbr BpÝÐ`m§ gmpÎdH$ hm|Am¡a Am¡a {H«$`mH$s H$aU ~ZZodmbr Vm‘g hm| Eogo Zhr ‘mZboZm Mm{h o... O¡go kmZHo$ ‘yb‘| ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ d¡go hr {H«$`mHo$‘yb‘| àmUVÎd ^r hmoVm h¡... ~w{Õ amOgr hmoVr h¡ gmo ~w{ÕHo$Ûmam AZwJ¥hrV BpÝÐ`m§ g^r amOgr hmoVr h¢... ~w{ÕH$s VahàmU ^r gd}pÝÐ`m|H$m AZwJ«mhH$ hmoVm h¡... A~ ê$nH$m bjUOmZ boZm Mm{h o. dh Ðì`H$s AmH¥${VHo$ O¡gr AmH¥${VdmbmhmoVm h¡. KQ> Am{X Ðì`m|H$s Omo ^r AmH¥${V hmoVr h¡ dhr ê$nH$s^r hmoVr h¡. dh O¡go n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$ma hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr ê$n ^rhmoVm h¡. AVEd nQ>Ho$ CXmhaU‘| dh AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H$ ^rhmoVm h¡. hm§ "Ðì`Ho$ O¡gr AmH¥${V' H$hr OmVr hmoZogo h ’${bVhmoVm h¡ {H$ Ðì` ê$nHo$ O¡gr AmH¥${Vdmbm Zht hmoVm. AWm©V²Ðì`H$mo Cn‘o Zht H$hm Om ahm h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm ê$n Ðì`H$mJwU ^r hmoVm h¡. àVr{V naÝVw CgH$s hmoVr h¡ gd©Xm CngO©ZV`mhr. eãX Am{X VÝ‘mÌmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Eogm Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm,Š`m|{H$ CZH$s Vmo àVr{V ñdVÝÌV`m r eŠ` hmoVr h¡. ì`pŠVH$sg§ñWm hr ê$nH$s ^r g§ñWm hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ ì`pŠV dH«$ hmo Vmoê$n ^r dH«$ hmo OmVm h¡. ê$ndmZ² Ðì`Ho$ Cn{dï> hmoZona ê$n ^rCn{dï> hmo OmVm h¡... Bgo "VoOH$m VoOñËd' ^r H$hm Om gH$Vmh¡, Š`m|{H$ dh ê$nVÝ‘mÌmê$n hmoVm h¡. AWm©V² CgH$sgyú‘mdñWm. A~ Mjw dh BpÝÐ` h¡ {H$ {OgH$m {df` VoOH$mH$moB© {deof JwU hmoVm h¡... `hm§ ê$nH$mo VoOH$m EH$ {deof JwU‘mZm J`m h¡''12.

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaUÛmam lr‘X² mJdVì`m»`mHo$ ê$n‘| {X o J oBg à{VnmXZHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Omo EH$ ~mV ñnï> g‘P‘| AmVr h¡ dh `h{H$ BpÝÐ`J«mh² ê$nVÝ‘mÌm VWm ê$n Am{XH$s J«m{hH$m BpÝÐ`m§ amOg Ah§H$maHo${dH$maê$nV`m CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| ê$nVÝ‘mÌm Am¡a Mjw[apÝÐ` XmoZm| hr V¡OgÐì`Ho$ {dH$ma h¢. AV… V¡Og Ðì` hmoZoHo$ H$maU Mjw[apÝÐ`m|H$s O¡go {H$aU hmogH$Vr h¢ d¡go hr àË oH$ ê$ndX² Ðì`H$s ^r {H$aU| g‘mZÝ`m oZ hmo gH$Vr h¢.AënËd/~hþËddemV² P{Q>{V H$ht àVr{V gwH$a hmo Am¡a H$ht XwîH$a hmo dhAÝ` H$Wm h¡. Bg njHo$ {dñV¥V {ddoMZgo nhbo naÝVw A~ Jmoñdm‘rlrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUH¥$V EVX²{df`H$ {ddoMZmH$mo Ñ{ï>JV H$a boZm A{V Amdí`H$h¡.

Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU Ûmam àñVwV {ddoMZm : VXZwgma gd©àW‘ àñWmZaËZmH$a‘| Omo à{VnmXZ CnbãY hmoVm h¡ Cgo XoI

boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm-

""BpÝÐ` Am¡a {df` Ho$ g§ moJgo {Z{d©H$ënH$ kmZ O~àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ V~ BpÝÐ`Xoe‘| ~w{Õd¥{Îm àH$Q> hmo H$a BpÝÐ`naAZwJ«h H$aVr h¡. CgHo$ ~mX kmZ g{dH$ënH$ ~Z nmVm h¡. ~w{Õ`{X BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h Z H$aVr hmo Vmo g{dH$ënH$ kmZ àH$Q>Zht hmo nmVm. d¥Î`ÝVade nyd©d¥{ÎmHo$ Zme hmoZona g{dH$ënH$kmZ g§ñH$mamË‘Zm AdpñWV hmo OmVm h¡. BÝht g§ñH$mam|Ho$ ê$n‘|AdpñWV {df`m|H$m C×moYH$m|Ho$ Ûmam C×moYZ hmoZona amOgamJm{XJwUm|Ho$ H$maU ñ‘¥{VOZH$ g§ñH$ma à~b hmo OmVo h¢.níMmV² V‘moJwUm|Ho$ ~w{Õ‘| à~b hmoZona ñdmonñWm{nV AW©go‘m`m dmñV{dH$ {df`mH$maH$mo Amd¥V H$a Cg ‘m{`H$ nXmW©Ho$kmZH$mo Z`ZJmobH$Ho$ AJ« mJna O~ Amamo{nV H$aVr h¡. V~^«‘ n¡Xm hmoVm h¡... AV… ~w{ÕñW JwUm|go OÝ` ~w{ÕH$sAdñWm{deofê$nm hr d¥{Îm hmoVr h¡... Bg d¥{ÎmHo$ àmH$Q²>çH$mH«$‘ `m| g‘PZm Mm{h o : h‘mao ^rVa {~amO‘mZ AÝV`m©{‘ê$nna‘oída O~ ‘ZH$mo {H$gr H$m ©Ho$ hoVw ào[aV H$aVm h¡, V~ dh

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VÎmX² BpÝÐ`m|H$mo àoaUm XoZoH$mo VÎmX² BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ gmW g§ wŠV hmoOmVm h¡... ~mX‘| {df`g§g¥ï> BpÝÐ`m|‘| nhbo BpÝÐ`mdpÀN>ÝZ‘Z‘| {Z{d©H$ënH$ kmZ n¡Xm hmoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX VÎmX² BpÝÐ`Xoe‘|~w{Õd¥{Îm n¡Xm hmoVr h¡. V~ ~w{ÕHo$ Ûmam r CZ BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h{H$ o OmZona g{dH$ënH$ kmZ n¡Xm hmoVm h¡. Mmjwf kmZ‘| VmoZ`Z{H$aU {df`Xoe n ©ÝV J‘Z H$aVr h¢. O~{H$ BpÝÐ`mÝVam|‘|{H$aU Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU BpÝÐ`Ûmam|go hr {df` ‘Z VH$ nhþ§MVoh¢. XmoZm| hr àH$maHo$ kmZm|‘| {df opÝÐ`m|Ho$ ~rM K{Q>V hmoVo ñne©Am{X hr ì`mnma ~ZVo h¢. `hm§ EH$ Eogr Ame§H$m CR> gH$Vr {H$Z`Zm|H$s {H$aU ñdrH$maZona BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ ~mao‘| ~«÷gyÌ "AUdíM'(~«.gy.2&4&7) ‘| Aä wnJV AUwËdH$s YmaUm {ZañV hmo Om oJr.`h Ame§H$m naÝVw {ZamYma h¡, Š`m|{H$ gy ©‘ÊS>b, Mmho {OVZm^r ‘hËn[a‘mU Š`m| Z hmo, CgH$s {H$aU| {Og {dñVma‘| ì`mßVhmoVr h¢ CVZm Vmo ‘hËn[a‘mU CgH$m hmoVm Zht h¡. Am¡a gy ©H$mhr H$moB© jwÐ A§e h‘mao ^rVa Z`Zê$n BpÝÐ`Ho$ ê$n‘| {Z{‘©Vhþdm hmoZogo CgHo$ {H$aUm|H$s ^r H$ënZm H$aZo‘| H$moB© emñÌr`~mYH$ {XIbm`r Zht XoVm...

AWdm "JwUmX² dm AmbmoH$dV²' (~«.gy.2&3&25) ~«÷gyÌHo$AZwgma Š`m|{H$ AmbmoH$H$mo JwUê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡ AV… V¡OgMjwHo$ AmbmoH$ê$n JwUH$mo {df`Xoe‘| ì`mßV hmoZo‘| H$moB© ~mYmZht hmoZr Mm{h`o... AV… Z`Z{H$aUm|Ho$ {df`Xoe n`©ÝVJ‘ZÛmam hr Mmjwf àË`jH$s à{H«$`m C{MV bJVr h¡...

Hw$N> bmoJm|H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ‘m`mHo$ H$m`©ê$n V‘H$mAmbmoH$Ho$ Ûmam à{V~ÝY hmo OmZona Á`moVrê$n gy © XodVmH$s{H$aUm|Ûmam Aì`d{hV gÝ‘wI Xoe‘| AdpñWV KQ>H$m {d{eï>n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$ma ê$n AUwn[a‘mU Mjw VH$ nhþ§Mm`m OmVm h¡.V~ gÎdàYmZ ~w{ÕHo$ ^rVa ^r dh AmH$ma gånÝZ hmo OmVm h¡.Am¡a V~ AUwê$n OrdHo$ à{V kmZmË‘H$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ MmjwfKQ>H$s A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr h¡. XyañW JÝY `m eãX Am{X Vmodm`wÛmam K«mU `m ldU BpÝÐ`m| VH$ nhþ§Mm`o OmVo h¢. V~

AÝV…gÎdmpË‘H$m ~w{Õ ^r d¡go hr AmH$mago gånÝZ hmoZonakmZmË‘H$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ JÝY-eãX Am{XH$s A{^ì`pŠV hrK«mUO `m lmdU àË`jm|Ho$ ê$n‘| K{Q>V hmoVr h¡. AmÜ`mpË‘H$Am¡a Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Ho$ ~rM A^oX hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~mh²` KQ>Ho$AJ¥hrV ahZona ^r `h Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV Zht h¡.

`hm§ Bg {df`‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$ gd©àW‘ V‘moOZZ{df`Xoe‘| Zht àË wV Z`ZXoe‘| ^mJdVnwamU(11&28&34)‘|à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡. Á`moVrê$n gy ©Ûmam nwéfMjw n ©ÝV{df`ê$nH$m àmnU ^r g§JV Zht. Š`m|{H$ AZoH$ Ðï>mAm| VH${df`ê$nHo$ àmnUH$s H$ënZm H$aZona AÝV‘| H$^r {df` ñd §Zrê$n ah Om`oJm... BgHo$ Abmdm gm§PH$mo gy`m©ñVHo$ ~mXgy`©{H$aUm|Ho$ A^md‘| KQ> {XIbm`r XoZm ^r ~ÝX hmo OmZmMm{h`o. ^mJdVnwamU‘| dm`wHo$ ~mao‘| "ZoV¥Ëd§ Ðì`eãX`mo…'(^mJ.nwam.3&26&27) O¡gm {dYmZ CnbãY hmoVm h¡ EogmVoOmoÐì`Ho$ ~mao‘| CnbãY Z hmoVm hmoZogo ^r `h YmaUm AemãXhr h¡.

BgHo$ Abmdm `h ^r `hm§ {dMmaUr` hmoVm h¡ {H$ Mjwn`©ÝV ê$nH$m àmnU Mjw‘| à{V{~å~ n¡Xm H$aZoHo$ ê$n‘| hrñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. à{V{~å~ Vmo ‘m{`H$ hmoVo h¢ dmñV{dH$ Zht.AV… ~w{ÕHo$ rVa r CÝht ‘m{`H$ à{V{~å~m|H$mo AmH$mag‘n©H$‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AV… CŠV AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$n ^r ‘Zmo‘` hmoZogo‘m`m‘` hr {gÕ hmoJm Eogm {H$ {OgH$s gË`Vm Z hmoZona ^rHo$db AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm ‘mÌ gmoMr Om gH$Vr hmo'' 13

Bgr Vah ~«÷gyÌmUw mî`Ho$ ""AUd… M'' (~«.gy.2&4&7) Ho$ àH$me‘| ^rlrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo AUwn[a‘mU Mjw[apÝÐ`H$m H$m¡Z gm JwU {df`XoeH$mo àmßVH$aVm h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ H$maU Cgo àmß`àH$meH$mar ‘mZZm Bg {df`‘| `m| g‘Pm`mh¡ {H$ MjwHo$ V¡Og hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cg‘| ê$nVÝ‘mÌm JwU Eogm hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$Omo {df`Xoe n ©ÝV J‘Z H$a gH$Vm h¡. àH$meH$ma `h ^r H$hVo h¢ {H$ ""`ÝZñn¥epÝV Z {dXw… ‘Zmo~wÕrpÝÐ`mgd…'' (^mJ.nwam.6&16&23) Bg ZmaXH¥$V

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CnXoe‘| ‘Z Am{XHo$ ~mao‘| `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ Z do Vmo ~«÷H$m ñne© H$a nmVoh¢ Am¡a Z hr ~«÷H$mo OmZ hr nmVo h¢. EVmdVm BVZm Vmo {gÕ hmoVm hr h¡ {H$‘Z Am{X BpÝÐ`m|‘| ñne©nyd©H$ kmZOZZgm‘Ï © ^mJdVH$mo A^rï> Vmo h¡ hr.AÝ`Wm ~«÷Ho$ ~mao‘| AàgŠVH$m à{VfoY ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. AV… ñne©ê$nì`mnma hr BZH$m ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o, BÝh| AUwn[a‘mU ‘mZm J`m hmoZogo Cgñne©H$m àË`j Mmho Z ^r hmoVm hmo V~ ^r. ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n‘| XyaXoedVudñVwH$m O~ Mmjwf àË`j hmoVm h¡, V~ Cg XyaXoedVuH$s dñVwH$s Mjw[apÝÐ`Xoe‘|àmpßV eŠ` Z hmoZona Mjw[apÝÐ`H$s hr {df`Xoe‘| àmpßV AÝ`WmZwnn{ÎmHo$~bna ñdrH$maZr n‹S>oJr. AÝ`Wm ñne©Ho$ {~Zm ^r àË`j CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡Eogm Jbon{VV hmoJm.

CŠV {ddoMZmH$m {d‘e© : Bg g‘J« à{VnmXZ‘| Hw$N> ~mV| {dMmaUr` bJVr h¢.

gd©àW‘ Vmo `h {H$ lwË`m{X emñÌm|‘| MjwH$s {df`Xoe‘| àmpßVHo$ ~mXñne©H$s ~mV H$ht H$ÊR>moŠV h¡ `m Zht? AWm©V² lm¡V AWm©n{ÎmHo$ ~bna hr `{X`h YmaUm ñdrH$mar J`r hmo Vmo CgH$s AÝ`Wmonn{Îm eŠ` h¡ `m Zht? am‘mZwOgåàXm`Ho$ lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Zo Adí` hr """{Xdrd Mjw… AmVV‘²' EogoAmJ{‘H$ ì`dhmañdmañ`‘| H$moB© ~mYm {XIbm`r Zht XoVr hmoZogo d¥{ÎmÛmamàmpßV H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡.'' (nydm}Õ¥V) Eogo {dYmZ Ûmam Mmjwfd¥{ÎmH$s {df`Xoe‘|àmß`H$m[aVmH$mo lw{Và‘mU‘ybH$V`m àñVwV {H$`m h¡. Bgo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$eãXm|‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo gm¡a Am{X ~mh²`mbmoH$H$s Vah Z`Z{H$aU| ^rñdml`m{YH$XoedVu JwU hmoVr h¢. AV… ñdJ«mh² dñVwXoe‘| MjwJw©UH$s ì`mpßV^r Bgr lw{VdMZHo$ AmYmana àñVm{dV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. ‘wPo naÝVw `hm§ EogmàVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ""VX² {dîUmo… na‘§ nX§ gXm ní`pÝV gya`… {Xdrd Mjw…AmVV‘²'' (F$Šg§{h.1&5&22&20) Bg lw{VdMZ‘| "{X{d' nXHo$ gmW à wŠVgßV‘r {d^pŠVH$mo Am¡níbo{fH$ `m A{^ì`mnH$ MjwHo$ AmYmaHo$ ê$n‘| boZmCnnÝZ Zht hmoVm. AWm©V² g‘J« Z^mo{dñVma‘| Z`Z{H$aUm|H$mo g§ moJ gå~ÝYHo$gmW {dñV¥V ‘mZZm `m g‘J« Z^mo{dñVma‘| Z`Z{H$aUm|H$mo A{^ì`mßV ‘mZZmo XmoZm| hr AVrd pŠbï>H$ënZm bJVr h¡. BgHo$ ~Om` Eogm AW© gmoMZm

F$OwVa bJVm h¡ {H$ Z^‘| Omo Hw$N> AmVV hmo, ì`mßV hmo; AWdm {dÚ‘mZ hmoCXm. ZjÌ, àH$me AWdm ñd § Z^mo{dñVma H$mo hr Mjw O¡go XoI nmVr h¡, Eogohr gy[aJU ^r {dîUwHo$ na‘ nXH$mo gXm XoI nmVo h¡.

Eogm AW© Z ñdrH$maZona `m Vmo ""`Wm {X{d AmVV§ Mjw… ní`pÝV''EogmAÝd` gmoMZona MjwH$mo "ní`pÝV' {H«$`mnXHo$ H$‘©Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm;AWdm Vmo ""`Wm {X{d AmVV§ Mjw… ní`{V''Eogm AÝd` gmoMZona ""qH$ní`{V?'' AmH$m§jmH$s ny{V© hr hmo Zht nm oJr. àñVm{dV AW© ñdrH$maZona,O~{H$, ""Va{U… {dídXe©Vmo Á`mo{VîH¥$X² A{g gy`m} {díd‘² Am^m{gamoMZ‘²'' (F$Šg§{h.1&9&50&4) dMZ‘| H$ÊR>moŠV "{díd§ amoMZ‘² Am^m{g'à`moJHo$ gmW g§dmX ^r {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡. "{díd§ amoMZ§'H$m AW© lrgm`UmMm ©""amoM‘mZ‘² AÝV[aj‘²'' H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Cgo AWdm VX²dVu AÝ` nXmWm}H$mo ^r`hm§ "AmVV‘²' nXgo nam‘¥ï> ‘mZZm Cn wŠV hmoJm.

`{X ""‘mojo BÀN>m ApñV'' à`moJH$s Vah "{X{d'nX‘| ^r d¡f{`H$mYmaê$n‘|gßV‘r {d^pŠV br Om o Vmo "Mjw'H$mo {deoî` ~Zm H$a "AmVV‘²'H$mo CgH$m{deofU ‘mZZm AWdm "Mjw'H$mo CÔoí` ‘mZ H$a "AmVV‘²'H$mo CgH$m {dYo‘mZZm? `{X {deofUV`m ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo nwZ… ""`Wm {X{d AmVV§ Mjw… (OZm…ní`pÝV VWm) gya`… {dîUmo… na‘§ nX§ ní`pÝV'' AÝd` Jbon{VV hmoVm h¡. `{X"Mjw'H$mo CÔoí` ~Zm H$a "AmVV‘²'H$mo {dYo ‘mZVo h¢ Vmo gm‘mÝ` OZm|H$s MjwVmo AmH$me‘| AmVV hmo H$a ^r {dîUwHo$ Cg na‘nXHo$ Xe©ZH$s H$Ìu Vmo hmo ZhtgH$Vr. AV… ""gy[aJU {dîUwHo$ Cg na‘nXH$mo gd©Xm XoI nmVo h¡ O¡go MjwAmH$me‘| AmVV=ì`mßV hmoVr h¡'' Eogo {d{MÌ AW©H$s H$ënZm H$aZona VmoCn‘mon‘o ^md hr ñnï> Zht hmo nmVm.

Xygar Omo ~mV `hm§ AdYo h¡ dh `h {H$ ‘hmà w Mjw[apÝÐ`H$s Vah hrê$nVÝ‘mÌmH$mo ^r V¡Og ‘mZVo h¢. AV… H$moB© {d{ZJ‘Zm Zht ah OmVr {H$ Š`m|V¡Og hmoZoHo$ H$maU Mjw[apÝÐ` hr {df`Xoen ©ÝV YmdZ H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Š`m|MjwJ«m©h² {df`H$s ê$nVÝ‘mÌm MjwX}e n ©ÝV AmJ‘Z Zht H$a nmVr?

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Vrgar ~mV `h ^r {dMmaUr` h¡ {H$ gy ©H$m hr H$moB© A§e{deof O~ h‘maoZ`Zm|Ho$ ê$n‘| Omo àH$Q> hþdm h¡ Am¡a ê$nVÝ‘mÌmHo$ gmW g§`wŠV hmoZonaVÎmmXmËå`mnÝZ gy ©H$s {H$aU| Š`m| Cg ê$nVÝ‘mÌmH$mo Z`ZXoe VH$ Zht nhþ§MmXoVr? Š`m| Z`Zapí‘Am|H$mo ê$nVÝ‘mÌmHo$ àXoe n ©ÝV J‘Z H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡?lw{V Vmo ñnï> eãXm|‘| ""CX² C Ë § OmVdoXg§ Xod§ dhpÝV Ho$Vd… Ñeo {dídm`gy ©‘²'' (F$Šg§{h.1&9&50&1) {dYmZÛmam gßVapí‘Am|H$mo "Ho$Vd…'=àkmnH$‘mZ H$a g^r Ñ{ï>‘mZ² àm{UAm|H$mo Z`Zm|Ûmam Xe©Z{H«$`m‘| gj‘ ~ZmZodmbogy ©XodH$m dhZ H$aZodmbr ‘mZVr h¡. ‘yb gy ©apí‘`m§ {Og H$m ©H$mo gånÝZ H$ahr ahr hm| CÝh| A§e yV Z`Zapí‘Am|go H$admZo‘| Š`m bm^? {X wpŠVXr{nH$mH$maH$sVah J«mhH$monH$aU Am¡a àH$meH$monH$aU H$m à oX H$aZm `hm§ A^rï> hmo Vmo nwZ…Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`H$s wpŠV`m|H$m ^r g‘mYmZ ImoOZm n‹S>oJm. Z`Zapí‘Am|H$moAZwX² yVê$nñne©dmbr ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` CX² yVê$nñne©dmbr gy ©apí‘Am|go dhH$m © Š`m| gånÝZ hmoVm hþdm Z ‘mZ boZm? lrà^mMÝÐH$s Bg wpŠV‘| n`m©ßV~b h¡ {H$ Omo ñd § apí‘ wŠV hmo Cgo ~mh² AmbmoH$H$s Anojm Š`m| hmoJr? `{XAn`m©ßV apí‘dmbr hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~mh² AmbmoH$H$s Anojm ‘mZZr n‹S>Vr hmo VmoCgr H$maUgo dh dñVwJ«hU‘| ^r Aj‘ {gÕ hmoJr. CXmhaUV`m A‘mdñ`mH$sam{ÌHo$ AÝYH$ma‘| VmamJUm|Ho$ ‘ÝXmbmoH$‘| ~hþYm {df`H$m ñ’w$Q> Ad^mgZ Zhthmo nmVm. Bgr Vah AÝYH$maH$s MjwJ«m©h² Vm ^r Aënapí‘dÎmmgo CnnÝZ Vmo hmogH$Vr h¡. Z`Zapí‘Am|H$s dhr AënVm naÝVw, O¡gm{H$ lw{V‘| ñnï> eãXm|‘|{Zê${nV {H$`m J`m h¡, ""An Ë o Vm`dmo `Wm ZjÌm… `pÝV AŠVw{^… gyam`{dídMjgo'' (F$Šg§{h.1&9&50&2) AWm©V² Aënapí‘dmbo ZÌÌm|Ho$ gmao ‘ÝXàH$me gm¡a àH$me‘| {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVo h¢. Eogo hr Z`Zm|H$s ^r Aënapí‘dÎmm gm¡aAmbmoH$‘| A{H$pÄMËH$a hmo OmZr Mm{h o Wr. BgHo$ {dnarV ""Ñeo {dídm`gy ©‘²'' dMZ‘| ñnï> eãXm|‘| gm¡a AmbmoH$H$mo Z`Zm|H$mo Xe©Zgm‘Ï © àXmZH$aZodmbm ‘mZm J`m h¡. CpëbpIV dMZHo$ ^mî`‘| lrgm`UmMm © ^r H$hVo h¢{H$ ""{dídMjgo {dídñ` gd©ñ` àH$meH$ñ` gyam` gy ©ñ` AmJ‘Z§ ÑîQ²>dmVñH$am… ZjÌm{U M am{Ì{^… gh gy ©… AmJ{‘î`{V B{V rË`m nbm`ÝVo''(VÌ¡d). ñd § lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo ^r ""Mjwfmo AV¡OgËdmV² V¡OgËdnjo@{nàm¡T>Ëdm^mdoZ namd¥Î`^mdmV²'' (AdVm.à{Vq~.dm) BVZm Vmo ñdrH$mam hrh¡. AV… Omo Z`Zapí‘`m§ namd¥{Îmj‘ Z hmo Xe©Zj‘ H¡$go hmo nm oJr BgHo$Abmdm Anamd¥Îm Z`Zapí‘Am|H$m {df`Xoe‘| n ©dgmZ ñdrH$maZona Z`ZJmobH$Ho$

gmW gå~ÝY{dÀN>oX ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. Eogr pñW{V‘| nwZ… {df`md^mgZMjyapí‘Am|go AH$ëß` {gÕ hmoJm.

AV… BZ ~mVm|H$m {dMma H$aZona Omo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo ""Ho$fmpÄMV²à{H«$`m''Ho$ ê$n‘| Omo {ddoMZm CÕ¥V H$s h¡ dh dmëb^ ‘V‘|, ‘oar Z‘«YmaUmHo$ AZwgma, A{YH$ gwg§JV hmoZr Mm{h o Wr, ~Om` {H$ Ý`m`d¡eo{fH$m{XAZw‘mZàYmZ {MÝVZm|Ho$ Ûmam àñVm{dV àmß`àH$meH$m[aVmH$s à{H«$`mnaAdbpå~V hmoZoHo$.

lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo EH$ {damoYr wpŠV `h ^r Xr h¡ {H$ AmbmoH$H$mo Bgà{H«$`m‘| Omo V‘moOZZ‘| à{V~ÝYê$n ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ dh lr‘X²^mJdVHo$""`Wm{h ^mZmo… CX`mo Z¥Mjwfm§ V‘mo {ZhÝ`mX²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&28&34)dMZgo {déÕ h¡. Bg ~mao‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ e¡Ë`{ZdmaH$ Ap½Z `{Xe¡Ë`moËn{Îm‘| à{V~ÝYH$ ^r hmoVr hmo Vmo H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV hmoZr Vmo ZhtMm{h o Wr. V‘moOZZ {df`Xoe‘| Zht àË wV Z`ZXoe‘| hmoVm h¡, Eogm BgdMZÛmam à{VkmV Xoe{Z`‘ Vmo ñd § J«ÝWH$maÛmam AÝYH$madmX‘| CÕ¥V ""`X²~mYgo JwhmÜdmÝV§ àXrnà^`m Wm'' (^mJ.nwam.10&51&20) dMZ‘| Z`Zm|Ho$~Om` JwhmàXoe‘| hr Cgo Amamo{nV VWm ^JdËñdê$nmbmoH$go à{V~Õ ^r ‘mZmJ`m hmoZogo nwZ… {dMmaUr` hr bJVm h¡. ñd § lr‘X² mJdVHo$ ""`Wm KZmoAH©$à^dm o AH©$X{e©Vm o {h AH$m ªe^yVñ` M Mjwf… V‘…''(^mJ.n w a m.12&4&32) dMZ‘ | KZH$m o A‘m{`H$=AH © $à^dA‘m`mX{e©V=AH©$X{e©V Am¡a AH$mªe yV MjwHo$ {b o V‘moê$n ^r ‘mZm h¡. `hVmo ñnï> hr h¡ {H$ KZ Ðï>mHo$ Z`Zm|‘| Zht àË wV Z^moXoe‘| hr AdpñWV hmoVmh¡. AV… ‘m{`H$ V‘mo{deof Z`ZdVu hmoVm h¡ naÝVw EVmdVm gd©{dY V‘g² ZVmo ‘m{`H$ hr hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {Z`VV`m Z`ZJmobH$‘| AÜ`mamo{nV hr. ahr ~mVgy ©apí‘Am|Ûmam {df`ê$nHo$ Z`Zn ©ÝV AmZ`Z H$aZona {df`Ho$ Zrê$nVmH$s Vmo""Xrn… Mjw… VWm ê$n§ Á`mo{Vfmo Z n¥WJ² ^doV²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&4&24)dMZHo$ AZwgma `h Amn{Îm Vmo ê$nVÝ‘mÌm Am¡a Mjw[apÝÐ` XmoZm|na g‘mZê$noUAmnm{XV `m {Zdm[aV hmoJr. Z`Zapí‘`m§ nbH$m|H$mo ~ÝX H$aZona `{X P{Q>{VnwZamd¥Îm hmo nmVr hm| Vmo ê$nVÝ‘mÌm ^r d¡gm ì`dhma Š`m| Zht H$a nm |Jr?

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lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo EH$ wpŠV `h Omo Xr h¡ {H$ gy ©apí‘Am|Ûmam ê$nHo$Z`Zn ©ÝV àmnUH$s à{H«$`m‘| gy m©ñVHo$ ~mX ê$ndX² dñVwH$m Xe©Z eŠ` Zhtah Om oJm. Bg gÝX ©‘| F$½doXH$s ""ì wÀN>ÝVr {h apí‘{^… {díd‘² Am^m{gamoMZ§ Vm§ Ëdm‘² Cf… dgw dmo Jr{ ©…'' (F$Šg§{h1&9&49&4) lw{V‘| gy ©Ho$gmW Ow‹S>r {X Cfm r gd© ê$ndX² dñVwAm|Ho$ àXe©Z‘| gj‘ hmoVr hmo Vmo gÝÜ`m^r Cgr gy ©go Ow‹S>r hmoZoHo$ H$maU Hw$N> H$mb n ©ÝV Vmo gy m©ñVHo$ ~mX ^r ê$ndX²dñVwH$m àH$meZ H$a hr gH$Vr h¡. gy m}X`Ho$ ~mX J¥hHo$ {Og AÝV…àH$moð>‘|gy ©apí‘`m§ à{dï> Zht hmo nmVr dhm§ ^r gy m©bmoH$ Vmo AÝYH$maH$mo {Zd¥Îm H$aVmhr h¡. `hr Ý`m` gy m}X`go nyd© Am¡a gy m©ñVHo$ ~mX ^r Hw$N> H$mb VH$ àH$Q>hmoZodmbm `m ahZodmbm gy m©bmoH$ àË`j{gÕ hr hmoZogo ~hþV {dMmaUr` ZhtbJVm.

Am{XË`apí‘Am|H$s ê$nàmnH$VmHo$ AemãX hmoZoH$m {dYmZ ^r A§eVmoCn w©Õ¥V lw{VdMZm|go ^r g‘m{hV Vmo hmo hr OmVm h¡. à{V~pÝX CÎmaHo$ ê$n‘|,naÝVw, `h ^r Vmo H$hm hr Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Z`Zapí‘Am|H$s {df`Xoe‘| àmpßV^r {H$gr {Z…g§{X½Y emñÌdMZÛmam {gÕ hmoVr Vmo, dh dMZ hr CÕ¥V H$aZogogmao {ddmX emÝV hmo gH$Vo Wo, Eogo wpŠVà{V wpŠVHo$ n[al‘H$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vmhr Zht ah OmVr

`h Omo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUZo H$hm {H$ Mjw n`©ÝV ê$nH$m àmnU Mjw‘|à{V{~å~ n¡Xm H$aZoHo$ ê$n‘| hr ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. Bg gÝX ©‘| ñd § J«ÝWH$maHo$Xmo dMZ ‘ZZr` àVrV hmoVo h¢ :

1.""à{V{~å~ñVw AXÊS>dm[aVËdmX² ^d{V. VoZ ‘m`m{nàË`m`Vr{V Mjwfm y mokmZ‘² CËnÚVo.''

2.""{H$ÄM ebmH$mì`d{hVñWmë`wXHo$IpÊS>V‘wImdbmoH$ZmoÎma§ ebmH$m`m… VXwH$mÝVñVb^mJo àdoeZo‘wI‘² AIpÊS>V‘² AdbmoŠ`Vo; ebmH$m M AÝV…{gH$Vm{XdV².

VoZ AÝVO©b§ ‘Ü`Xoeo à{V{~å~moX² d… B{V {ZíMr`Vo. namd¥Ë`J«hUoVw VV² Z ñ`mV². {H$å~hþZm nampúU ñdà{V{~å~Xe©ZmV²ñdmjÊ`{n VW¡d B{V {ZíM`mV², à{V{~å~moÎma‘od gd©ñ`MjwJm}Mar^md… BË`{n gwYr{^… AmH$bZr`‘².''

(àñWm.aËZm.à‘m.H$ëbmo.V¥Vr.Va§.- AdVm.dmXm.à{Vq~.dm.).

Eogo Aä wnJ‘Ho$ ~mX ^r J«ÝWH$ma `h H$hZm {H$ à{V{~å~ Vmo ‘m{`H$hmoVo h¢ dmñV{dH$ Zht AV… ~w{ÕHo$ ^rVa ^r CÝht ‘m{`H$ à{V{~å~m|H$moAmH$mag‘n©H$ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm Jå^ra Amjon Zht bJVm. AV… `h Omo H$hm {H$CŠV AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$n ^r ‘Zmo‘` hmoZogo ‘m`m‘` hr {gÕ hmoJm Eogm {H${OgH$s gË`Vm Z hmoZona ^r Ho$db AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm ‘mÌ gmoMr Om gH$Vr hmo.`hm§ Vmo dXVmoì`mKmV Xmof hmo OmVm h¡. d¡go AmYw{ZH$ Mjw{d©kmZHo$ AZwgmaZ`ZJmobH$m|Ho$ rVa gånÝZ hmoVr Xe©ZH$s à{H«$`m‘| dhm§ Z`ZJmobH$m|‘| g‘wX² yV{df`à{V{~å~H$m {df`àË`jHo$ gmW {H$gr ^r VahH$m H$m`©H$maU^mdê$ngå~ÝY Zht hmoVm. dh à{V{~å~ Vmo Z`ZJmobH$Ho$ ~mh² mdaUna hr K{Q>VhmoVm h¡. ZoÌm|Ho$ AÝV…nQ>bna Vmo {df`g§g¥ï> ~mh² mbmoH$apí‘`m|Ho$ namdV©ZHo$~mX g§ moJgå~ÝYde hr ~mh² {df`H$m Mmjwf Am^mg hmoVm h¡. dh ^r CgZoÌnQ>bgo ‘pîVîH$Ho$ níMmX²d{V©^mJ‘| AdpñWV MmjwfHo$ÝБ| nhþ§MZodmbrZm{S>H$mAm|Ho$ ^br^m§{V H$m‘ H$aZona hr.

Bg gÝX ©‘| A{Z{X©ï>Zm‘m "Ho$fmpÄMV²=Hw$N> bmoJ' H$hVo h¢ A§e‘| CÕ¥V{dYmZ {H$ ""AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Ho$ ~rM A oX hmoZoHo$ H$maU~mh² KQ>Ho$ AJ¥hrV ahZona ^r `h Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV Zht h¡'' Bg‘| ^rdmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ AZwgma Wmo‹S>m g§emoYZ Ano{jV bJVm h¡. dh `h {H$MjwJ«m©h² dñVwAm|Ho$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Am¡a AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$nm|‘| EH$mpÝVH$ A oXVmo AZdganamhV h¡ naÝVw ~«÷Ñ{ï>go ""gdª gd©‘`‘²'' (Z¥qghmoÎm.Vmn.Cn.9)dMZmoŠV VmXmËå` Vmo Adí` hr ‘mÝ` hmoJm hr. h, naÝVw, bm¡{H$H$ AZw y{VH$m{df` Z hmo H$a ~«÷mZw yË oH$JmoMa hmoVm h¡. AV… Cg ‘m¡{bH$ VmXmËå`H$s ^r{ddjm `hm§ ñdrH$mar Zhr Om gH$Vr. AV… gå~ÝY‘r‘m§gm `hm§ gmdYmZV`mH$aZr n‹S>oJr. VXZwgma h‘ g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mh² ê$ndX² dñVwHo$ gmW

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~mh² mbmoH$Ho$ g§ moJ hmoZona dhm§ VmXmËå oZ {dÚ‘mZ ê$nVÝ‘mÌmAmoHo$ gmW ^r~mh ²`mbm oH$apí‘Am |H$m g §` wŠVVmXmËå` gå~ÝY Ow ‹S >Vm h ¡. AV…dñVwê$nVÝ‘mÌmH$mam{Xgo AmH$m[aV ~mh² apí‘`m§ namd¥Îm hmo H$a Z`ZJmobHo$AÝV…nQ>bgo, AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZm{^‘V ^mfmH$m à`moJ H$aZm hmo Vmo, g§ wŠVhmoVr h¢. V~ do {df`mH$mamH$m[aV ~mh² gm¡a Am{X AmbmoH$H$s apí‘`m§ Mmjwfg§doXZm CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢. AV… àñWmZaËZmH$amoŠV ""VÌ Mjwfm Ðì`J«hog§ moJEd àË`mg{Îm…'' (VÌ¡d) {dYmZ Agå`H²$ Zht naÝVw An`m©ßV Adí`bJVm h¡. ‘hmà wZo ê$nVÝ‘mÌm Am¡a Ðì` Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå` ñdrH$mam h¡ Am¡aÐì`J«hU ê$nJ«hUnyd©H$ hr eŠ` hmoZogo `hm§ g§ wŠVVmXmËå`g§ moJ gå~ÝYñdrH$maZm A{YH$ Cn wŠV bJVm h¡.

d¡go àñWmZaËZmH$a‘| J«ÝWH$maZo 1.g§ moJ 2.VmXmËå` 3.g§ wŠVVmXmËå`4.g§ wŠV{deofUVmXmËå` Am¡a 5.ñdê$n `m| nm§M hr gå~ÝY ñdrH$mao h¢. BgMmjwfà{H«$`mH$s Cnn{ÎmHo$ hoVw, naÝVw, {X BZ gå~ÝYm|Ho$ Abmdm r gå~ÝYm|H$mD$h H$aZm hmo Vmo {H$`m OmZm Mm{h o. ~mh² mbmoH$apí‘Am|Ho$ gmW AnZo Y‘uHo$g§ moJde ê$nVÝ‘mÌm | VmXmËå`mnÝZ hmo H$a CZ apí‘Am|go ^r g§ wŠVVmXmËå`gå~ÝYde Ow‹S> OmVr h¢. AnZo MjwJ«m©h² Y‘u‘| VmXmËå`gå~ÝYde d¥{Îm‘mZê$nVÝ‘mÌm BZ apí‘Am|Ho$ gmW nwZ… VmXmËå`mnÝZ hmo H$a ZoÌmÝV y©V Ñ{ï>nQ>bgog§ wŠV hmoVr h¢ V~ Mjw[apÝÐ` Ðì`J«hU‘| gj‘ hmo nmVr h¢. m| naånamgå~ÝYÛmaH$`h H$m ©H$maU^md ‘m{`H$ Zht hmoVm àË wV dmñV{dH$ hr hmoVm h¡. {’$a^rMmjwf Ðì`H$m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñdê$n O‹S> hmoVm h¡ O~{H$ Bg Mmjwf Ðì`H$mAmÜ`mpË‘H$ ñdê$n gX§e yV O‹S> BpÝÐ`mÝV…H$aU Am¡a {MX§e yV OrdmË‘m Ho$nañna g§ moJ VWm BVaoVaVmXmËå`mÜ`mg Ho$ de {MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n hmoVm h¡.

àñWmZaËZmH$a‘| MjwH$s Aàmß`àH$meH$m[aVm Am¡a ‘m`mÛmaH$à{V{~å~à{H«$`m Ho$ {ZagZmW© lr‘X²^mJdVHo$ ""Mjw… Ëdï>[a g§`moÁ`Ëdï>ma‘{n Mjw{f'' (^mJ.nwam.11&15&20) Bg dMZHo$ AmYmanaVÎmËà{V`mo{JH$ g§ moJÛ`H$mo hoVwV`m ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. `h gå~ÝY Amdí`H$Zht {H$ gmjmV² g§`moJê$n hr hmo, Š`m|{H$ àX{e©V à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma `hËdï¥>Mjwñg§ moJ Ëdï¥>apí‘g§ moJÛmaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM AWm©V²

apí‘-VÛmZ²Ho$ ~rM Y‘©Y{‘© mdà wŠV VmXmËå` gå~ÝYdemV². Bg VmXmËå`H$mAZwëboI ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷''/""VV² Ëd‘² A{g'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1-6&8&10) dMZm|‘| H$m ©H$maU^md Am¡a A§em§{e^md à wŠV ê$n oXH$m AZwëboIO¡go nmañn[aH$ VmXmËå` gå~ÝYdemV² Amn{ÎmOZH$ Zht hmoVm VX²dV² g‘PboZm Mm{h o.

{ZîH$f© : àñVwV {df`Ho$ Cng§hma H$aZogo nyd© `hr {dd{jV h¡ {H$ MjwH$mo {df`Xoe‘|

nhw§Mm H$a àmß`H$mar ‘mZZm emñÌÑï>çm An[ahm © Zht bJVm. `h àË`jà`moJ Ed§ {ZarjU go {déÕ ^r h¡. lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUH$m àmß`àH$meH$m[aËdna^ma XoZm gd©Wm C{MV hr h¡. `h Mjw{H$aUm|H$s {df`Xoe‘| àmpßVH$s H$ënZmnaAdbpå~V H$aZoHo$ ~Om` ~mh²` AmbmoH${H$aUm|H$s MjwX}e‘| àmpßVH$ënZmÛmam A{YH$ gmonn{ÎmH$ àVrV hmoVr h¡.

`h Vmo {Z{d©dmX VÏ` h¡ {H$ lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$ emñÌmdJmhZ VWmAmMm ©dmUr Ho$ AdJmhZH$m Xem§e ^r `{X àñVwV {Z~ÝYH$maH$m hmoVm dhAnZo-AmnH$mo H¥$VH¥$Ë` ‘mZ H$a ñd`§H$mo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$ {dYmZm|H$sAmbmoMZmH$m A{YH$mar ‘mZ boVm `hm§ Omo {d‘e© àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡ dhAnZo-AmnH$mo Bg {df`‘| A{YH$mar hmoZoH$s Ahå‘Ý`VmHo$ de Zht naÝVwñd`§ J«ÝWH$maHo$ ""`wpŠV{gÕñ` `ñ` H$ñ`m{n AmXaUr`ËdmV²''(AdVm.dmXm.AÝYH$m.dm.) CnXoe Am¡a AmXoe H$mo öX`mê$T> H$a Ho$ hr.lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU àñVwV {Z~ÝYH$maHo$ gßV‘ nyd©nwéf lr{dÆ>bam` Jmoñdm‘rHo${dÚmJwé h¢ AV… àñVwV {Z~ÝYH$maH$m ^r CZHo$ à{V Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ‘Zmo md""Ëd§ {h Z… {nVm mo Añ‘mH$‘² A{dÚm`m… na§ nma§ Vma`{g'' (àíZmon.6&8)AVrd ‘Zmoê$T> h¡. AV… AnZo ghO AkmZde Bg {Zê$nU‘| H$moB© ñIbZ hþdmhmo Vmo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU VWm g^r {dÕÁOZm| go hm{X©H$ j‘màmW©ZmHo$ gmW...

CÕ¥V dMZm|Ho$ gÝX © VWm CZH$m ‘ybê$n

95 96

1"" "Z AWm©bmoH$m¡ kmZñ` {Z{‘Îm‘² Aì`{VaoH$mV²' ~mh² mo {df`… àH$me…M Z Mjwkm©Zñ` gmjmËH$maU§, XoeH$mbm{XdÎmw ì`d{hVH$maUËd§ Z {Zdm ©Vo.kmZmdaUm{Xj`mongm‘½a² m‘² AmamX² CnH$m[aËdoZ AÄOZm{XdV² MjwénH$m[aËdoZM Aä wnJ‘mV². Hw$V… nwZ… gmjmV² Z H$maUËd‘² B{V Amh "Aì`{VaoH$mX²'ì`{VaoH$m^mdmV². Z{h VX² mdo ^mdbjUmo AÝd`Ed hoVw’$b^md{ZíM`{Z{‘Îm‘²A{nVw VX^mdo@{n A^mdbjUmo ì`{VaoH$mo@{n... mo{JZm§ M AVrVmZmJVmW©J«hUo{H$‘² AW©ñ` {Z{‘ÎmËd§, {Z{‘ÎmËdo M AW©{H « $`mH$m[aËdoZ gÎdmX²AVrVmZmJVËdj{V…...''-""gpÝZH$fm}@{n {X mo½`Vm{V[aŠV… g§ moJm{Xgå~ÝY…V{h© g Mjwfmo AW}Z gh ZmpñV, Aàmß`H$m[aËdmV² Vñ`. Ñí`Vo {hH$mMm^«ñ’${Q>H$m{Xì`d{hVñ`m{n AW©ñ` Mjwfm CnbpãY…. AW àmß`H$m[aMjw… H$aUËdmX² dmñ`m{XdX² B{V ~«yfo V{h© A`ñH$mÝVmH$f©UmonboZ bmohmgpÝZH¥$ï>oZì`{^Mma…. ZM g§ wŠVg§ moJm{X… gpÝZH$f©… VÌ H$ën{`Vw§ eŠ`Vo, A{Vàg“mV²''''(lrho‘MÝÐmMm ©H¥$Vm`m§ à‘mU‘r‘m§gm`m§ : 1&1&25-1&1&29).

2""AàmßVmWm©{Z A{j‘Z…lmoÌm{U, Ì`‘² AÝ`Wm.' {X AàmßV{df § Mjw…,H$ñ‘mX² Z gd©‘² AàmßV§ ní`{V; Xya§ {VañH¥$V§ M. H$W§ VmdX² A`ñH$mÝVmo Zgd©‘² AàmßV‘² A`… àmßV{df o@{n M EVV² g‘mZ§ : H$ñ‘mX² Z gdª àmßV§ní`{V AÄOZ§ ebmH$m§ dm `WmM K«mUmXrZm§ {h àmßVmo {df`mo ZVw gd©…,gh^ yJÝYmÚJ «hUmX ² , Ed § Mj wfm o@ {n AàmßV… ñ`mV ² ZV wgd©….''(AmMm ©dgw~ÝYwH¥$Vo A{^Y‘©H$moeo : 1&43).

3""Mjw…lmoÌo àmß` ñd{df`o H$m`ª Hw$éVmo, OZH$Ëdo g{V VXàmßVm¡AOZH$ËdmV². `ÚX² OZH§$ gX² `XàmßVm¡ `ÝZ OZ`{V VV² VËàmßVmdod VX²OZ`{V `Wm Hw$å^OZH$… Hw$å^H$mamo ‘¥Xmo@àmßVm¡ AHw$d©Z² Hw$å § VËàmßVmdodH$amo{V VWmM EVV²''(Ý`m`dm{V©H$VmËn ©Q>rH$m`m§ : 1&1&4).

""àmßVàH$meH§$ Mjw… ì`d{hVmWm©àH$meH$ËdmV² àXrndV²''-ZZw Mjwf…V¡OgËdo qH$ ‘mZ‘² B{V MoV², Mjw… V¡Og§ naH$s`ñnem©ì`ÄOH$Ëdo g{VnaH$s`ê$nì`ÄOH$ËdmV² àXrndX²... AWdm à^m`m… Ñï>mÝVËdgå^dmX² AmÚ§"naH$s`o'{V Z Xo`‘²'' (àeñVnmXH$ÝXë`m§ : gmYå`©d¡Yå`©àH$aUo-Ý`m`‘wŠVmdë`m§ : H$m[a.42).

""...~w{Õ… VÌ BpÝÐ`mYrZm VoZ àË`j‘² AíZwVo. à‘mU’$b^mdíM `Woï>§n[aH$ëß`Vm§ gd©Wm{n A{Z{‘ÎmËd§ {dÚ‘mZmonbå^ZmV². `Ûm BpÝÐ § à‘mU§ ñ`mV²Vñ` dm AW}Z g“{V… ‘Zgmo dm BpÝÐ ¡… `moJo AmË‘Zm gd©Ed dm. VXm kmZ§’$b§ VÌ ì`mnmamV² M à‘mUVm. ì`mnmamo Z `Xm Vofm§ VXm Z CËnÚVo ’$b‘². ZMgdm ©Ë‘Zm AjoU gå~ÝYm o AW©ñ` {dÚVo ` oZ gdm ©W ©~m oY… ñ`mV ²VËà‘mUm{^Ym{`Zm‘². àmpßV‘m̧ {h gå~ÝYmo Z BpÝÐ`ñ` Aä wno Vo, ‘m yV²H$maU‘mÌoU ËdMm ê$nmdYmaU‘². `Wm à‘mU{ZînÎmm¡ `mo½`ËdmX² BpÝÐ`mW© mo…{Z`Vm g“{V… hoVw… ’$bo@{n Ed§ ^{dî`{V. `moJñ` Ûçml`Ëdo@{n ^d{VAÝ`Vaml`mo ì`nXoe….''(íbmoH$dm{V©Ho$ àË`jgyÌo :58-65).

""ZZw Ed§ Xyao AW©… B{V gmÝVambJ«hU§ Z ñ`mV², àmßVm¡ gË`m§ XyaËdmgå^dmV²àmß`H$m[aËdmV² ñne©ZdV². {H$ÄM g§ moJñ` J{V{Z~ÝYZËdmX² J{V‘Vm§ M H«$‘oUAmgÝZXyaJ‘ZmX² g‘H$mb‘² AmgoXwfm§ Xdr`gm§ M AWm©Zm§ J«hU§ Z CnnÚVo.CÀ`Vo moJm`VZnoj`m gmÝVambJ«hU§ VmdX² CnnÝZ‘². g‘g‘`g§doXZo Vw Ho${MV²n[ahma‘² Ed§ dU© pÝV gH$bmZ² AWm©Z² àmß` wJnXwnpñWVoZ ~mh² oZ VoOgmEH$s yVm… Vo Mmjwfm… aí‘`mo wJnX² J«hUhoVd… B{V. VX² AÝ o Xyf`pÝV BËW§àmßVm¡ Aä wnJå`‘mZm`m§ A{VXyaì`d{hVmZm‘{n J«hU§ Xw{Z©dma‘². AÝ oVw Amhþ…jonr`ñV`m Vofm§ aí‘rZm§ H$mb oXmZdJ«hmX² `m¡JnÚm{^‘mZ… B{V. VX² Anao ZAZw‘Ý`ÝVo A{VgpÝZH¥$ï>ofw dñVwfw J{VH$mb oX… nÙnÌeV oXdV² ‘m Zm‘ Adgm{`.AZoH$`moOZghòmÝV[aVofw ^y{‘ð>ofw AW}fw Y«wdo M gX¡d H$mb^oXmZdgm`mo Z~w{Õ‘² AZwaÄO`{V. d`ÝVw dXm‘mo AÑï>gmnojËdmX² AXmof…. Z`Zapí‘{^…EH$s^yVo@{n ~mh²`o VoO{g `mdmZod Vñ` ^mJmo AÑï>deoZ CnbpãYhoVwV`mCnmÎm… VmdmZod CnbãY o à^d{V Z gd©‘² B{V.''(àH$aUnpÄMH$m`m§ : 6&134).

4Ðï>ì § : ñ`mX²dmX‘ÄO`mª : 28.

5""{H$‘² BX§ ~mh² opÝÐ`Ëd§ Zm‘? ~{haW©J«hUm{^‘w» §, ~{hX}emdñWm{`Ëd§...dm ñ`mV²? VÌ AmÚ{dH$ëno ‘Zgm AZoH$mÝV…, Vñ` Aàmß`H$m[aËdo@{n~{haW©J«hUm{^‘w»`Vmo ~mh² opÝÐ`ËdgX² mdmV². {ÛVr`{dH$ëno@{n apí‘ê$nñ`JmobH$ñd^mdñ` dm Mjwfmo ~{hX}eo AdñWm{`Ëd§ ñ`mV²? àW‘njo {H${‘X§ VÌVñ` AdñWm{`Ëd‘²-Am{lVËd§ àH$meH$ËdoZ àd¥{Îm… dm? VÌ AmÚ{dH$ëno

97 98

An{gÕmÝVmo, apí‘ê$nñ` Mjwfmo ^dVm ~{hX}em{lVËdñ` AZä`wnJ‘mV²,JmobH$mÝVJ©VVoOmoÐì`ml`m {h aí‘`mo ^d{Ø… à{VkmVm. {ÛVr`H$ëno Vw A{gÕmohoVw…, apí‘ê$nñ` Mjwfmo J«mhH$à‘mUm^mdV… àH$meH$ËdoZ~{hX}eo VËàd¥Îmo…A{gÕo…... JmobH$ñd^mdñ` Vw Mjwfmo ~{hX}emdñWm{`Ëdo àË`j~mYm,AW©Xoemgå~Õñ` earaàXoeEd àË`jV… àVrVo…...Y{‘©ËdoZ M AÌ CnmÎm§Mjw… JmobH$ñd^md§ apí‘ê$n§ dm? àW‘njo àË`j{damoY… AW}Z Agå~Õñ`AW©Xoen[ahmaoU earaàXoeEd JmobH$ñd^mdñ` Mjwf… àË`jV… àVrVo…. AÝ`WmVÐ{hVËdoZ Z`Znú‘àXoeñ` Cnbå^… ñ`mV². {ÛVr`njo Vw Y{‘©Umo A{g{Õ…,apí‘ê$nñ` Mjwf… Hw$VpíMV² à‘mUmX² Aà{gÕo…. VËgmYH§$ {h à‘mU§ àË`j‘²AZw‘mZ§ dm ñ`mV²? Z VmdV² àË`j‘², AW©dV² VÌ VËñdê$nmàVrVo… Z Ibwaí‘`… àË`jV… àVr`ÝVo, {dà{VnÎ`^mdàg§JmV². Z{h Zrbo ZrbV`m àVr`‘mZoH$píMX² {dà{VnÚVo. {H$ÄM BpÝÐ`mW©gpÝZH$f©O§ àË`j§ ^dÝ‘Vo ZM AW©Xoeo{dÚ‘mZ¡… V¡ AnaopÝÐ`ñ` gpÝZH$fm} ApñV, `V… VÌ àË`j‘² CËnÚoVAZdñWmàg§JmV². AZw‘mZVmo@{n AVEd... EVoZ `X² CŠV§ apí‘àgmYH$‘²AZw‘mZ§ "apí‘dV² Mjw… V¡OgËdmX²' B{V VV² àË`m»`mV§... apí‘dÎmm JmobH$ê$nñ`Mjwf… àgmÜ`Vo VX²ì`{V[aŠVñ` dm? Z VmdX² ì`{V[aŠVñ` Vñ`A{gÕñdê$nËdmX² An{gÕmÝVàg§JmV² M. JmobH$ê$nñ` Vw VËgmYZo njñ`àË`jàË`j~mYm, à^mgwaà^ma{hVñ` JmobH$ñ` àË`jV… àVrVo…. AW AÑí`m…VX²aí‘`… AZwX²^wVê$nñne©`dÎdmX² AVmo Z Añ` àË`j~mYm, H$W‘² Ed§ê$nàH$meH$Ëd§ Vñ` ñ`mV²? VWm{h Mjw… ê$nàH$meH§$ Z d{V AZwX² yVê$nËdmX²Obg§ wŠVmZbdV². ZM AZwX² yVê$nñneª VoOmoÐì § Šd{MV² àVr`Vo... AW‘mOm©am{XMjwfmo… àË`jV… àVr`ÝVo aí‘`… VV² H$W§ VX²{damoY…? `{X Zm‘ VÌàVr`ÝVo AÝ`Ì {H$‘² Am`mV‘²?... X² apí‘dV² VX² VXW©àH$meZo Z AmbmoH$mnoj§`Wm àXrn… apí‘dV² M ^dX²{^… A{^àoV§ Mjw[a{V... `X{n "V¡OgËdmX²' B{VgmYZ‘² CŠV§ VX{n A wŠV‘² A{gÕËdmV²... AZw‘mZ~mY… M VWm{h Mjw…V¡Og§ Z ^d{V ^mgwaê$nmoîUñne©a{hVËdmV². `ÚV² VWm{dY§ VÎmV² V¡Og§ Z^d{V `Wm ‘¥pËnÊS>m{X…. ^mgwaê$nmoîUñne©a{hV§ M Mjw… Vñ‘mV² V¡Og§ Z^dVr{V. VWm Z V¡Og§ Mjw… V‘…àH$meH$ËdmV². `V² nwZ… V¡Og§ Z VX² ZV‘…àH$meH§$ `Wm AmbmoH$…. V‘…àH$meH§$ M Mjw… Vñ‘mX² Z V¡Og‘² B{V...{H$ÄM Añ` àmß`H$m[aËdo {df`… MjwX}e‘² AmJÀN>oV² Mjw… dm {df`Xoe‘²?VÌ AmÚ{dH$ëno àË`j~mYm... {ÛVr`{dH$ëno@{n AÜ`j{damoYmo {df § à{V

Mjwfmo J‘ZmàVrVo…. Mjw… JËdm Z AW}Z A{^gå~ÕçVo BpÝÐ`ËdmV² ËdJm{XdX²B{V AZw‘mZ{damoY… M. VX{deofo@{n Ñï>m{VH«$‘oU H$ñ`{MV² VÌ JËdmgå~ÝYmä`wnJ‘o `WmàVr{V… Agå~ÕEd qH$ Z Aä`wnJå`Vo? Ab§àVrË`nbmn oZ... {H$ÄM Mjw… JËdm AWª MoX ² Úm oV`{V V{h ©...H$mMm^«nQ>bñdÀN>moXH$ñ’${Q>H$mÚÝV[aVmWm©Zm‘² Cnbå^… ñ`mV² Mjwf… VÌJÀN>V… H$mMmÚd`{dZm à{V~ÝYmV²? AW H$mMm{XH§$ {^Îdm Mjyaí‘`mo AW©Xoe§JÀN>pÝV V{h© VX²ì`d{hVmWm}nbå^g‘`o H$mMmXo… AZwnbå^…... EVoZemImMÝБgmo… H«$‘oU AZw^do@{n Amewd¥Î`m CËnbnÌeVì`{V^oXdX²`wJnËà{VnÎ`{^‘mZmo ^«mpÝV{Z~ÝYZ… B{V àË`m»`mV‘²... earamnoj`mMjw{d©f`ñ` gpÝZH¥$ï>{dàH¥$ï>VmonnÎmo… Xya{ZH$Q>m{Xì`dhmamZwnnÎmo…. VWm{h `X²BpÝÐ`gpÝZH$f}U àVr`Vo Z VÌ Xya{ZH$Q>m{Xì`dhmamo Wm agmXm¡, BpÝÐ`gpÝZH$f}UàVr`Vo M Mjw{d©f`… B{V. àmß`H$m[aËdo M Mjwf… g§e`{dn`m©gmZwnn{Îm…,gm‘mÝ`dX² {deofmUm‘{n gpÝZH¥$ï>mZm‘² Cnb‘ägå^dmV². {deofmZwnbpãY{Z{‘Îmmo{h g§e`mo {dn`m©g… M. ZM Mjwfm gpÝZH¥$ï>Ëdm{deofo@{n gm‘mÝ`‘od Cnbä`VoZ {de of… B{V A{^YmVì`‘ ², {de ofm^mdmV ² ''(Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX o.1àË`jn[aÀN>oXo bKr`ñÌ o : 1&4).

6Ðï>ì § : ñ`mX²dmX‘ÄO`mª : 28.

7""gd©JV§ {MXmË‘mZ‘² Amd¥Ë` pñWVm ^mdê$nm A{dÚm {d{dYOJXmH$maoU{ddV©Vo. VÌ eara‘Ü o pñWVmo "AÝV…H$aUm'»`mo A{dÚm{ddVm} Y‘m©Y‘©ào[aVmoZoÌm{XÛmam {ZJ©Ë` `Wmo{MV§ KQ>m{X{df`mZ² ì`mß` VÎmXmH$mamo ^d{V. `Wm bmoHo$nyU©VQ>mH$ñW‘² CXH§$ goVwJVpÀN>ÐmX² {ZJ©Ë` Hw$ë`màdmhê$noU Ho$XmamZ² à{dí`MVwîH$moUËdoZ {ÌH$moUËdoZ dVw©bËdoZ dm VÎmËHo$XmamZwgm[a Ad{Vð>Vo VX²dV².Z{h CXH$dX² AÝV…H$aU§ n[añ`ÝXVo `oZ A{VXyad{V©MÝÐZjÌY«wdm{XàmpßV…PQ>{V Z {gÜ oV². {H$ÝV{h©? gy ©apí‘dV² V¡OgËdmX² XrK©à^mH$maoU n[aU‘Vo.AVEd apí‘dV² ghgm gL²H$moMmo@{n CnnÝZ…. CnnÝZíM AÝV…H$aUñ` jram{XdV²gmd`dËdmV² n[aUm‘…. VÀM n[aUV‘² AÝV…H$aU§ Xohmä`ÝVao KQ>mXm¡ M gå`J²ì`mß` XohKQ>`mo… ‘Ü`oXoeo@{n XÊS>m`‘mZ‘² A{dpÀN>ÝZ§ ì`d{Vð>Vo. VÌX ohmdpÀN>ÝZmÝV…H$aU^mJm o "Ah §H$mam'»`… "H$Vm © ' B{V CÀ`V o.

99 100

Xoh{df`‘Ü`d{V©XÊS>m`‘mZ… VX²^mJmo "d¥{ÎmkmZm'{^Ym "{H«$`m' B{V CÀ`Vo.{df`ì`mnH$… VX² mJmo {df`ñ` kmZH$‘©ËdgånmXH$‘² "A{^ì`pŠV`mo½`‘²' B{VCÀ`Vo. Vñ` {Ì^mJñ` AÝV…H$aUñ` A{VñdÀN>ËdmV² M¡VÝ § VÌ A{^ì`Á`Vo.Vñ` A{^ì`ŠVñ` M¡VÝ`ñ` EH$Ëdo@{n A{^ì`ÄOH$mÝV…H$aU^oXmV² {ÌYmì`nXoemo ^d{V : H$V¥©^mJmdpÀN>ÝZ… {MX§e… à‘mVm, {H«$`m^mJmdpÀN>ÝZ…{MX§e… à‘mU§, {df`JV`m o½`Ëd^mJmdpÀN>ÝZ… {MX§e… à{‘{V[a{Và‘mV¥à‘mUà{‘VrZm‘² Agm§H$ ©‘².''({ddaUà‘o g§J«ho : 1&113/E)

""BpÝÐ`m{U nÄM K«mUagZMjw…lm oÌËdJmË‘H$m{Z gdm © {U Mñdñd{df`g§ wŠVmÝ od àË`jkmZ§ OZ`pÝV. VÌ K«mUagZËdJmË‘H$m{Z BpÝÐ`m{UñdñWmZpñWVmÝ od JÝYagñnem}nbå^mZ² OZ`pÝV. Mjw…lmoÌoVw ñdVEd {df`Xoe§JËdm ñdñd{df`§ J¥ôUrV…, lm oÌñ`m{n Mjwam{XdV² n[apÀN>ÝZV`mo m©{XXoeJ‘Zgå^dmV².''(doXmÝVn[a^mfm`m§ : 1)

8""{H$ÄM ñ`mX² EVX² Ed§ `{X KQ>mÚ{Yð>mZM¡VÝ`ñ` KQ>m{XkmZËd§ ñ`mV²VXod VmdX² AZwnnÝZ‘². VWm{h M¡VÝ`ñ` KQ>m{XkmZËd§ dXZ² àï>ì`… : H$ñ‘mX²BX‘ ² AZmZ w^{dH$ H$ëß`V o? ѽÑí``m o … gå~ÝYÝVam`m oJmX ²AÜ`mgê$ngå~ÝYKQ>ZmWª MoV² VÌ dŠVì` : AÜ`mggå~ÝY{dYwam KQ>d¥{Îma{nKQ>kmZ§ ^d{V Z dm? Z VmdX² {ÛVr`… nQ>d¥Î`m{n KQ>mkmZ{Zd¥Î`mnmVmV². AmÚoH$W§ Vñ` VÁkmZVm? VXmH$maËdmX² B{V MoX² Z, VWm g{V Vdm{n Amdí`H$ËdmV²VÎmXmH$ maVÎmX ²d ¥ Î m o a od VÎmÁkmËdgå^d oZ A{Yð > mZM ¡VÝ`ñ`m{nVÁkmZËdm“rH$mad¡`Ï`m©nmVmV².KQ>mÝVañ`m{n AnaKQ>r`ËdmnmVmV² M.AmH$ma{deofa{hVê$ng§»`mgm‘mÝ`m^mdm{XkmZmZm§ kmZËdm^mdmnmVmV² M.nam ojkmZ oZ Mjwa m {XH$aUghH$ma m^md oZ AWm ©gå~ÕmÝV…H$aUñ`VXmH$maËdmgå^doZ namojkmZñ` VÁkmZËdm`moJmV² M. ñdVmo {ZamH$mañ`AÝV…H$aUñ` Hw$ë`m{XÛmam ~{h{Z©…g¥VVQ>mH$Obñ` Ho$Xmagå~ÝYmV² VXmH$maBdMjwam{XH$aUÛmam ~{h{Z©J©Vñ` VÎmËH$aUgå~ÕmW©gå~ÝYmXod {h VÎmXmH$ma…...Z{h VQ>mH$mÝVd©{V©gmonmZnaånam ~mh² nwaÛma§ Obñ` Ho$XmaJ‘ZÛma§ dm {H$ÝVwC^`gå~pÝYHw$ë ¡d. VWm AÝV…H$aU~mh² nXmW©gå~ÕMjwamXoaod Ëd`m{n ÛmaV`mCŠVËdmX² wŠVËdmV² M... {H$ÄM KQ>mH$mad¥Î`m KQ>m{dÚm {ZdV©Vm§ M¡VÝ`m{dÚmHw$Vmo {ZdV}V {^ÝZ{df`ËdmV²? `{XM g¡d d¥{Îm… M¡VÝ`‘{n {df`rH$amo{V B{V

‘V§ V{h© {H$‘² BX§ d¥Îmo… ñdmZÜ`ñV{ZamH$maM¡VÝ`{df`rH$aU§ Zm‘? VXwëboI…MoV² V{h© gd©Ì VZ¡d VÎmÁkmZËdgå^doZ {H$‘² AZmZw {dH$H$mamÜ`mgH$ënZ`m?{H$ÄM H$W‘² BX§ Zrê$nM¡VÝ`{df`H$Ëd§ Mmjwfd¥Îmo…? ñd{df`H$KQ>mZwñ yVËdmV²MoV² V{h© VmÑeJJZ§ JwéËd§ dm Hw$Vmo Z {df`…? KQ>nQ>g‘yhmbå~ZkmZmZwì`dgm`dX²"KQ>VX{Yð>mZM¡VÝ`o Ah§ OmZm{‘' B{V AZwì`dgm`mnmVmV² M...''(lrdm{XamO`{VH¥$Vo {ddaUd«Uo : n¥.90-91).

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101 102

gå~Õ§ gd} wJnX² mgoV níMmX² mJm{XpñWV§ M...'' (VÎd‘wŠVmH$bmngdm©W©{gÕm¡: 1&40).

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11""BÀN>mê$n§ {h ‘Zmo ì`mnma… Vñ` ^d{V gL²H$ënmo ~wÕçjm{U lmo̧ ËdJ²ÑJ² {Oôdm M Zmgm M... J«mh² mñVofm§ eãX… ñnem} ê$n§ agíM JÝYíM...eãXmXrZm§ J«hU§ ì`mnma… H$s{V©V… H«$‘mX² Efm‘²... eãX… Am{X… `ofm§ VoeãXmX`… Vofm§ J«hU§ VXmH$ma^OZ‘² Efm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ ì`mnma… CŠV… VÎdk¡…B{V AW©…'' (lr^moOamOH¥$Vo VÎdàH$meo : 4&7-9)

12""kmZàYmZmX² ‘hÎmÎdmV² {H«$`mepŠV… Ah§H$ma… g‘wËnÝZ…. gM {Ì{dY….CËnÎ ¡d VW¡d g‘nÚV, {H«$`m {h o{XH$m H$maU yV§ JwUÌ § H$m } {^ÝZV ¡d

CËnm{XVdVr... "d¡H$m[aH$…'=gmpÎdH$… "V¡Ogmo'=amOgVm‘g… M... V… {Ì{dYmX²‘Zg… BpÝÐ`mUm§ yVmZm§ M gå^d…. "‘hVm§'=VÝ‘mÌmUm‘{n... ~wÕo… CËn{Îm‘²Amh "V¡OgmÎmw' B{V... "{dHw$dm©UmX²'=amOgmX² ~w{ÕVÎd‘² A yV²... "g{V'={df odm, gd©{df{`H¡$d ~w{Õ… CËnÚVB{V... `Wm BpÝÐ`àoaH$Ëd§ ‘Zg… VWmBpÝÐ`mZwJ«mhH$Ëd§ ~wÕo…. ~wÕç¡d AZwJ¥hrVm{Z BpÝÐ`m{U ní`pÝV Hw$d©pÝV M.AVEd ~w{ÕVmaVå oZ BpÝÐ`kmZ{H«$``mo… VmaVå`‘². EVV² H$m`m©Zwgm[a bjU§"Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZ‘²' B{V ñdê$nbjU‘². Ðì`ñ` K`mXo… ñ’w$aUo g{V eãXoZ,g§ñH$maoU, AmbmoHo$Z dm `X² {d{eï>kmZ§, `ñ‘mV² Ho$db§ Mjwfm kmZo VmaVå § Zñ`mV². ñdV…ñ’w$aU§ `moJOY‘m©{X{^a{n ^d{V AVmo Ðì`ñ’w$aUEd {dkmZ§ ~wÕo…bjU‘². "V¡Ogm{Z' B{V, kmZH$aUH$m{Z {H«$`mH$aUH$m{Z M C^`{dYmÝ`{namOgmÝ od, ZVw kmZH$aUH$m{Z gmpÎdH$m{Z {H«$`mH$aUH$m{Z Vm‘gm{Z dm...{H«$`m`m§ àmUmo ‘yb§ kmZo ~w{Õ…... ~w{Õ… amOgr{V VXZwJ¥hrVm{Z BpÝÐ`m{Ugdm©{U amOgmÝ`od... àmUmo@{n gd}pÝÐ`mZwJ«mhH$…...ê$nñ` bjU‘² Amh"Ðì`mH¥${VËd‘²' B{V. Ðì`ñ` KQ>mXo… `m AmH¥${V… g¡d ê$nñ`. n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$ma§ê$n‘{n AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H§$ M. Ðì`ñ od AmH¥${V[a{V Ðì`ñ`Vw Z Cn‘o Ëd‘².AVmo ê$nñ ¡d bjU‘². "JwUVm'=gd©Xm CngO©ZV`m àVr{V…. Z Ed§ eãXm{XfwñdVÝÌV`m{n àVr`‘mZËdmV². ì`ŠVo… g§ñW¡d g§ñWm `ñ`, `{X ì`pŠV… dH«$m^doX² ê$n‘{n dH«§$ ^do{X{V. Cn{dï>o ê$nd{V ê$n‘² Cn{dï>§ ^d{V... "VoOgíMVoOñËd§' ê$nVÝ‘mÌËd§ gyú‘mdñWm B{V AW©…. "VoOmoJwU{deofmo AWm} `ñ` VV²Mjw… CÀ`Vo'...=VoOmoJwU{deofmo ê$n‘²'' (lrdëb^mMm ©H¥$Vm`m§ mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§: 3&26&23-48).

13""`Xm {df opÝÐ`g§ moJmV² {Z{d©H$ënH§$ VXm BpÝÐ`Xoeo ~wÕo… d¥{Îm…. V`mBpÝÐ`mZwJ«ho g{dH$ënH$‘², AZZwJ«hoVw Z. d¥Î`ÝVaoU nyd©d¥Îmo… Zmeo g{dH$ënH$ñ`g§ñH$maê$noU AdñWmZ§, Vñ` CX²~moYH¡$… CX²~moYo ‘m`monñWm{nV-‘m{`H$mW©-ghH¥$Vm ñ‘¥{V…, amOg¡… amJm{X{^… g§ñH$maàm~ë`o ‘m``m {df`mdaUnyd©H§$‘m{`H$nXmW©g{hVñ` kmZñ` JmobH$mJ« mJo jono «‘…... AV… ~w{ÕJwUOÝ`mVXdñWm d¥{Îm…. gm `Xm AZwJ¥ôUm{V VXm dú`‘mUà{H«$``m g{dH$ënH§$ kmZ§OÝ`Vo... VÌ A § H«$‘mo : X¡dmZwHy$ë oZ AÝV`m©{‘Um ‘Z… H$m`m©Wª ào ©Vo, VV² MBpÝÐ`àoaUm` VÎm{XpÝÐ oU g§ wÁ`Vo. VÌ VÎm{XpÝÐ`XodVmZwHy$ë o {df`g§g¥ï>¡…

103 104

BpÝÐ ¡… ñdmdpÀN>ÝZo ‘Z{g nydª {Z{d©H$ënH$‘² CËnmÚVo. VXm BpÝЧXoeo ~wÕo…d¥{Îm…. VVmo ~wÕçm{n d¥{ÎmÛmam VXZwJ«ho g{dH$ënH§$ d{V... MmjwfoVw Z`Z{H$aUm…{df`n`©ÝV§ JÀN>pÝV, BpÝÐ`mÝVaoVw {H$aUm^mdmX² BpÝÐ`oU gh {df`§ ‘Z…àmßZmo{V VXm, H«$‘oU gh¡d dm, {Z{d©H$ënH§$ g{dH$ënH§$ M VÎm{XpÝÐ`g§g¥ï>o‘Z{g CËnÚVo. kmZÛ o@{n {df opÝÐ`ñnem©{XH§$ ì`mnma…... ZM Z`Z{H$aUm“rH$maoMjwfmo ì`mnH$ËdmnÎ`m "AUd… M' (~«.gy.2&4&7) B{V gyÌ{damoY… eL²H$Zr`…,AMuê$nmUm§ {H$aUmZm§ gy ©‘ÊS>bmX² oXñ` "Am{XË`mo dm Ef…' (‘hmZm.Cn.12&2)B{V AZwdmHo$ lmdUmV². V¡… ApIb‘oê$ÎmaXoeXoemZ² ì`mßZwdmZñ` Am{XË`‘ÊS>bñ`Xeghò`moOZn[a‘mUñ‘aUoZ Vofm§ VËn[aUm‘m~mYH$ËddV². gy m©Ü`mpË‘H$Mjwf…{H$aUmZm‘{n VWmËdoZ gyÌm{damoYmV²... "JwUmX² dm AmbmoH$dX²' (~«.gy.2&3&25)B{V g yÌ o Ambm oH $ñ` J wUËdm“rH$ ma mV ² V ¡Ogñ` Mjwf…Ambm oH $ê$nJ wUì`mßË`“rH$ma o@{n AXm of…... `m n wZ… Ambm oH o $Z‘m`mH$m`©V‘moOZZà{V~ÝYo H¥$Vo Á`moVrê$ngy`©XodV`m AÊdmË‘H$Mjw{fgÝ‘wImì`d{hV-XoeñW-n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$mao {d{eï>ê$no àm{nVo gÎdàYmZ~wÕo…AÝVaod VXmH$maVmgånÎmm¡ AUwê$n§ Ord§ à{V kmZm{lVmÜ`mÜ`mpË‘H$-KQ>m{^ì`pŠVaod Mmjwf§, XyañWJÝYeãXmX`moñVw dm`wZm K«mUlmoÌg‘rnàmnUoAÝV…gÎdmË‘H$~wÕo… VXmH$maVmgånÎmm¡ kmZm{lVmÜ`mpË‘H$JÝYeãXm{^ì`pŠVaodKmUO§ lmdU§ M àË`j{‘{V AmÜ`mpË‘H$m{Y^m¡{VH$`mo… A^oXmV² Z~mh²`KQ>mJ«hU{Z~ÝYZmo Xmof… B{V Ho$fmpÄMV² àË`jà{H«$`m. VÌ AbmoHo$ZV‘moOZZà{V~ÝYH$WZ‘² A wŠV§, "`Wm{h ^mZmo… CX`mo Z¥Mjwfm§ V‘mo {ZhÝ`mX²'(^mJ.nwam.11&28&34) B{V EH$mXeñH$ÝYr`^JdX²dmŠ o V‘mo{ZhÝV¥ËdH$WZmV².Ed§ Á`moVrê$ngy`©XodVm`m… nwéfMjw{f {df`{Zð>ê$nàmnH$ËdH$WZ‘{n VWm,~hþfw ní`Ëgw VmZ²-VmZ² à{V ê$no àm{nVo {df`ñ` Zrê$nVmàg“oZ nmíMmË`mZm§VXXe©Zàg“mV²... gÝÜ`m`m‘² AñV§JVo gy } ê$nàmnH$XodVm`m… JVËdmV² VXmZtKQ>mÚXe©ZmnÎmo… M... AVmo "ZoV¥Ëd§ Ðì`eãX`mo…' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&37) B{VdX²Am{XË`aí‘rZm § ê $nàmnH$Ëdñ` AeãXJm oMaËdmV ² g y` ©X odVm`m…ê$nàmnH$Ëdm“rH$ma… gd©Wm Z `wŠV…. {H$ÄM Mjw{f ê$nàmpßVíMà{V{~å~^dZê$n¡d, gmVw ‘m``m "F$Vo@Wª `V² àVr oV' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&33)B{V dmŠ`mV², Vñ`m… {djonH$ËdmV² M. EdÄM ~wÕçmH$mag‘g‘n©H$Ëd{nà{V{~å~ñ ¡d. AmÜ`pË‘H$ê$n‘{n ‘m`m‘ § ‘Zmo‘`ËdmV². Vñ`M Z gË`Vm-AW©{H«$`mH$m[aËd‘mÌ‘².'' (àñWmZaËZmH$ar`-àË`jà‘mH$aUàH$aUo).

V‘g²Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñdê$n Am¡a CZH$s AZw y{VAm| Ho$ ~mao‘|Hw$N> nwa…ñ’y${V©H$ {dMma (dmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moUgo)

(1.CnH«$‘)AZoH$VÝÌH$mÝVmaV‘gmd¥VdË‘©{Z&

‘m‘m‘wŠWm…n`©Q>ÝV§‘m§H¥$îUËd§g`wH²$gIm&&

Ú{n àñVwV {dMmaJmoð>r‘| {dMm ©{df`V`m Omo AÝYH$ma m V‘g² A{^àoVh¡, dh Vmo yVbna AZw yV hmoVo gm¡a MmÝÐ Am½Zo `m XrnÁ`mo{V Am{XHo$ MmjwfàH$mego {dnarV Emperical darkness AWm©V² Mmjwf V‘g² `m AÝYH$ma hrh¡. {’$a ^r Non-emperical, Psychological, Metaphysical, Spiritul

`m Transcendental AWm©V² àË`jmJå`, ‘mZgemñÌr`, nam^m¡{VH$,AmÜ`mpË‘H$ AWdm Abm¡{H$H$ `m Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$n ^r AÝYH$maHo$ emñÌ‘|CnbãY hmoVo hr h¢. AnZo d¡Mm[aH$ {j{VOgo CÝh| ~mha aI H$a AWm©V² CZHo$gÝX ©H$mo AmoPb hmoZo XoZona Mmjwf V‘g²Ho$ ñdê$nH$m ^r `WmdX² AmH$bZgwH$a Zht ah OmVm. AV… gÝX^m}nmÎmV`m CZHo$ {d‘e©Ho$ ~mX hr {dMm ©{df`Ho$à{V à`mU dmëb^ {dMmagaUrH$mo gwJ‘ ~Zm nmVm h¡.

lwË`m{X emñÌdMZm|‘| AÝYH$ma `m V‘g² Ho$ AZoH$ ê$n {Zê${nV hþdo h¢.BZ {d{^ÝZ {Zê$nUm|‘| {Og EH$ VÏ`Ho$ gÝX ©‘| EH$gyÌVm CnbãY hmoVr h¡,dh Vmo `hr h¡ {H$ Á`mo{V `m àH$me H$s AZw y{Vgo {dnarV {H$gr AZw y{VHo$àH$maH$mo `m VX²JmoMa{df`H$mo "AÝYH$ma' `m "V‘g²' H$hm OmVm h¡. A~ ñd §Á`mo{V `m àH$me Ho$, Š`m|{H$, AZoH$ ê$n `m àH$ma {dMmao Om gH$Vo h¢; AV…,VÎmX² Á`mo{V `m VÎmV² àH$me Ho$ ñdê$nm|go {déÕ ñd^md àH$Q> H$aZoHo$ H$maUAÝYH$maHo$ ^r AZoH$ ê$n gå^d h¢ hr.

gy ©, MÝÐ, VmamJU, {dÚwV², Ap½Z, ‘{U, ~mh² {df`m|H$m àH$meH$~w{ÕOÝ` kmZ, AmÝVa AZw y{VH$s àH$m{eH$m dmUr, àmH¥$VJwUmÝVJ©V ‘w»`V`m

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Vmo gÎdJwU naÝVw Jm¡UV`m AÝ`moÝ`{‘{lV aOmoJwU Am¡a V‘moJwU r, AmË‘M¡VÝ`,Xodñdê$n, ~«÷M¡VÝ` Am{X AZoH${dY àH$meê$n VÎdm|Ho$ ñdnadñVwHo$ àH$meZê$nì`mnmaHo$ {dnarV H$ht AmË`pÝVH$ AàH$meZ `m H$ht ñd § BÝh| `m BZHo$ ÛmamàH$mí` {df`H$mo Amd¥V H$aZodmbr Cnm{YAm|H$m AÝYH$ma `m V‘g² Ho$ ê$n‘|{Zê$nU CnbãY hmoVm h¡.

(2.Am{YX¡{dH$ V‘g²H$m ñdê$n)lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)g¥{ï>nyd© VWm (I)àb`moÎma V‘g²Ho$ ñdê$n :

(H$/1)""Z AgX² AmgrX² Zmo gX² AmgrV² VXmZt ZmgrX² aOmoZmo ì`mo‘m namo `V² {H$‘² Amdard… Hw$h H$ñ` e‘©Z²? Aå^… {H$‘²AmgrX² JhZ§ J^ra§? Z ‘¥Ë w… AmgrX² A‘¥V§ Z V{h© Z amÍ`m…AôZ… AmgrV² àHo$V… AmZrX² AdmV§ ñdY`m VX² EH§$, Vñ‘mX² hAÝ`X² Z na… {H$ÄMZ Amg V‘… AmgrV² V‘gm JyT>‘² AJ«o AàHo$V§g{bb§ gd©‘² Am BX§ VwÀN²>çoZ Am w… A{n{hV§ X² AmgrV² Vng…VX² ‘{hZm AOm`V EH$‘²'' (F$Šg§{h.10&11&129&1-3).

(H$/2)""qH$ VX² AmgrV²? Vñ‘¡ g h CdmM "Z gX² ZAgX² Z gXgX²' B{V. Vñ‘mV² V‘… gÄOm`Vo. V‘gmo yVm{X…,^yVmXo… AmH$me‘², AmH$memX² dm`w…, dm`mo… Ap½Z…, A½Zo…Amn…, Aز … n¥{Wdr, VX² AÊS§> g‘^dX²...(gw~m.Cn.1&1).

(I)""gmo AÝVo d¡ídmZamo yËdm gÝX½Üdm gdm©{U yVm{Z,n¥{Wdr Aßgw àbr`Vo, Amn… VoO{g àbr`ÝVo, VoOmo dm`m¡{dbr`Vo, dm`w… AmH$meo, AmH$me‘² BpÝÐ`ofw, BpÝÐ`m{UVÝ‘mÌofw, VÝ‘mÌm{U yVmXm¡ {dbr`ÝVo, yVm{X… ‘h{V, ‘hmZ²Aì`ŠVo, Aì`ŠV‘² Ajao, Aja§ V‘{g, V‘… nao Xodo EH$s^d{V.nañVmX² Z gV² Z AgX² Z gXgX² BË oVX² {Zdm©UmZwemgZ‘² B{VdoXmZwemgZ‘² B{V'' (gw~m.Cn.2).

(H$)em§H$a doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma `hm§, g¥{ï>nyd© Omo ~«÷ na‘mW©V… Wm hr Cggo,`h lwË wŠV V‘g² gXgX²{dbjUê$n AZm{X AkmZ A{dÚm `m ‘m`m hmoZoHo$H$maU Cg na‘VÎdHo$ H¡$dë`H$mo hm{Z Zht nhþ§MmVm h¡. dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$AZwgma, naÝVw-

(1)gX² Am¡a AgX² Ho$ Abmdm Vrgar gXgX²{dbjU {‘Ï`mËdê$nH$mo{Q> àm‘m{UH$ Z hmoZogo `hm§ AkmZê$n V‘g² A‘mÝ` hr h¡.

(^J.JrVm.13&12)dMZm |‘ | ^r ñd`§ na~«÷H$m o ^r"gXgX²{dbjU' H$hm J`m hmoZogo h gXgX²d¡bjÊ` H$W‘{n {‘Ï`mhmoZoHo$ A{^àm`de H$hm J`m ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡.

(3)""Z AgX² AmgrV² Zmo gX² AmgrV² VXmZr‘²'' dmŠ`m§e‘|gd©gÝXohdmaH$ "VXmZt'nXHo$ CnÝ`mgHo$ H$maU; Š`m|{H$, Omo H$moB©nXmW© dh Wm dh V~ hr gXgX²{dbjU Wm. AWm©V² g¥{ï>Ho$ ~mX dhd¡gm Zht ahm, ’$bV… em§H$a doXmÝVm{^‘V kmZmd[aH$m ‘m`m `mA{dÚm g¥ï²>çwÎmaH$mb‘| ^r gXgX²{dbjU hr ahVr hmoZogo, `hm§ dhà{VnmXZr` ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr h¡.

(4)"ñdY`m'nX‘| "ñd'nX Cgr na‘mW© VÎdH$m dmMH$ h¡. AV…"ñdYm' CgH$s `moJ{ZÐm hmoZogo CgrHo$ {OVZr na‘mW©ê$n hmoZona ^r,Cg na‘mW© dñVwgo {ÛVr`V`m {ZéŠV Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU Cgo "V‘g²'H$hZm {dd{jV bJVm h¡.

(5)`{X lw{V‘| "VwÀN²>çoZ' nXHo$ à`moJHo$ H$maU Cgo VwÀN>H$ën‘mZZm hmo Vmo-Omo dñVwV… VwÀN> `m AgX² go {dbjU hmo Cgo-AgËgbjU ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. Eogm ‘mZZona Vmo gwñnï> dXVmoì`mKmVhmoJm. BgHo$ Abmdm V~ gV²go {dbjU hmoZona ^r gËgÑe ^r CgoŠ`m| Zht H$hm Om gHo$Jm? Am¡a `{X Eogo H$hm-‘mZm Om o VmoVwÀN>H$ënVm AH$ëß` hmo Om`oJr. Š`m|{H$ ñd`§àH$me M¡VÝ`Ho$Abmdm V~ à‘mVm Vmo H$moB© Wm Zht {OgHo$ kmZHo$ gÝX ©‘| dhV‘g² Cg ñd §àH$me na‘M¡VÝ`H$mo "Am-A{n{hV'=Amd¥V H$anm o. gmo ñd §àH$me M¡VÝ`ê$n A{Yð>mZ‘| dh V‘g² VXoH$à{V^mñ`hmoZoHo$ H$maU, àm{V^m{gH$s gÎmmHo$ Abmdm ‘m`m{dÚmH$s Vmo A{V[aŠV

107 108

gÎmm Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r, ñd § CgH$m AmdaU Vmo dh hmo hr ZhtgH$Vm. AJ{VH$V`m "VwÀN²>çoZ' nXH$m VwÀN> hr AW© ñdrH$maZonaVmo nwZ… dXVmoì`mKmV hr hmoJm, AgX²d¡bjÊ` {ZañV hmo OmVmhmoZogo.

(6)"gX²'-"AgX²'nXm|H$mo, AVEd, ^mdm^mdmW©H$ ‘mZZonaVmo ""V‘ AmgrV²'' dMZ ^r ñdVmoì`mhV hmo Om oJm.

(7)""V‘… AmgrV² V‘gm JyT>‘² AàHo$V‘²'' A§ena Ü`mZXoZona `h Am¡a g‘P‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ Omo V‘g² Wm dh V‘g² ^r V~V‘ñËdoZ AdJV Vmo Zht Wm. `h Vmo {~bHw$b {ZÐmH$mbrZ AkmZAWdm kmV¥kmZko {dH$ëna{hV {Z{d©H$ën g‘m{Y Ho$ O¡gr hr H$moB©H$Wm bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ {ZÐmH$mbrZ AkmZ ñd § {ZÐmH$mb‘| g§doXZmH$m{df` Zht ~ZVm naÝVw OmJZona CgH$s ""JmT>§ ‘yT>mo Ah‘² Añdmßg§Z {H$pÄMX² Ado{Xf‘²'' Eogr àVr{VOZH$Vm gdm©Zw y{VJmoMa ~ZVrh¡. Eogr hr H$Wm {Z{d©H$ëng‘m{YH$s ^r H$hr OmVr h¡.

(8)""Vng… VX² ‘{hZm AOm`V EH$‘²'' Am¡a ""gXod,gm¡å`, BX‘² AJ«o AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr §... VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§àOm o '' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-3) `m| BZ XmoZm| dMZm|‘| "Vng…'-"EojV' VWm "AOm`V EH§$'-"EH$‘odm{ÛVr §...~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o 'nXm|H$s g‘mZm{^àm`H$Vm {Z{d©dmX bJVr hmoZogo ^r VX{V[aŠV‘m`m{dÚmê$n H$maUmÝVaH$s hoV wVmHo $ A“rH$ma‘| lwË`wŠVEH$‘odm{ÛVr`VmH$m gd©Wm AZmXa hr àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

(9)AVEd Bg V‘g²H$mo `moJ{ZÐmê$n ‘mZ boZona ""AmgrX² BX§V‘mo yV‘² AàkmV‘² AbjU‘² AàVŠ ©‘² A{dko § àgwßV{‘dgd©V…. VV… ñd`å w… JdmZ² Aì`ŠVmo ì`ÄO`Z² BX§ ‘hm yVm{Zd¥Îmm¡Om…1 àmXwamgrV² V‘moZwXmo `mo@gm¡ AVrpÝÐ`J«mh²`… gyú‘moAì`ŠV… gZmVZ… gd© yV‘`mo A{MÝË`… gEd ñd`‘² CX²~^m¡''(‘Zwñ‘¥.1&5-7) `hm§ "BX§'nXHo$ à`moJgo nwamodpñWV n[aÑí`‘mZ{dñVma hr ñd`å w d¥Îmm¡Om Aì`ŠV ^JdmZ²‘| V~ àgwßVmon‘ WmEogm {dd{jV

1.""Aà{VhV‘² Am¡O… g¥{ï>gm‘Ï ª `ñ` g….''Hw$ëbwH$^Å>r.bJVm h¡. Cg àgwßË`wn‘ V‘g²H$mo {Zd¥Îm H$aHo$ dh gd©^yV‘`gZmVZ A{MÝË` VÎd ñd`‘od ‘hm yVm{X gH$bg¥{ï>H$m A{^ì`ÄOH$~Zm h H$ÊR>moŠV A{^J‘ h¡. AV… gXgX²{dbjU ‘m`m{dÚm{XgÑeAgËH$ën VÎdH$s gå^mdZmH$mo `h ‘ZwdMZ ^r {Z…eof H$a XoVm h¡,Š`m|{H$ em§H$a doXmÝV‘| AkmZ{Zd¥{Îmny{d©H$m OJËg¥{ï> ñdrH$mar ZhtJ`r h¡.

AV… Bg A§e‘| em§H$a doXmÝVH$s Vah hr dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ^r BgàgwpßVH$ën ñdmË‘oVaHo$ AkmZH$mo kmZà{V`mo{JH$ Ho$db A^mdHo$ ê$n‘| XoIZoHo$~Om` ^mdê$n {Z{d©H$ëng‘m{YdV² ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢"" "V‘ AmgrX²' B{V V‘mo@{n ~«÷¡d, gd©V… gwßVËdoZ gmå`mV²''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&32).

AV… `hm§ `h Adí`mdYo` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ em§H$a doXmÝV‘| AkmZì`mdhm[aH$ AZw y{V‘| ^mdê$n hmoZona ^r na‘mW©V`m gXgX²{dbjU ‘mZm J`mh¡. dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|, O~{H$, ì`mdhm[aH$ AZw y{VHo$ ñVana hr Zht àË wV^JdÀN>pŠVê$n hmoZogo nma‘m{W©H$ ñVana ^r na‘mË‘JV {Z{d©H$ëng‘m{Y `m`moJ{ZÐm Ho$ gÑe Bg {Xì` V‘moê$n ñdmË‘oVaHo$ AkmZH$mo AmË‘a‘UHo$ ê$n‘|‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgr Vah OrdJV ^r AZoH${dY AkmZm|H$mo gË` ^mdê$n hr ‘mZmJ`m h¡ : ""{dÚm{dÚo hao… epŠV… ‘m` ¡d {d{Z{‘©Vo Vo Ordñ ¡d ZmÝ`ñ`Xw…pIËd§ Mmß`ZreVm...AmË‘Z… ñdê$nbm^mo {dÚ`m Xohbm^mo A{dÚ`mB{V. C^`mo… OrdY‘©Ëd§ ì`mdV© {V "hao… eŠVr' B{V. VoZ ^Jd{XÀN> ¡dV`mo… Am{d^m©d{Vamo md`mo… hoVwËd‘² B{V CŠV‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&31)2.

2.Ðï>. : ""{dÚm{dÚo ‘‘ VZy {d{Õ CÕd ear[aUm§ ~ÝY‘mojH$ar AmÚo ‘m` ¡d{d{Z{‘©Vo, EH$ñ ¡d ‘‘m§eñ` Ordñ ¡d ‘hm‘Vo ~ÝYmo Añ` A{dÚ`m

(I)àb`moÎmaXemHo$ {Zê$nU ^r ""Aì`ŠV‘² Ajao, Aja§ V‘{g, V‘…nao Xodo EH$s^d{V'' lw{VdMZ àË`mn{ÎmHo$ dU©ZmW© h¡. `hm§ "Aja'=H$mb-

109 110

H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéf h¡. gmo nÄM{dY Aja~«÷H$s AdñWm{deof hr `hm§{dd{jV h¡. gH$b{dY Û¡VK{Q>V g¥{ï>H$s ñdàË`mn{Îm hr "V‘…'nXdmÀ`g¥ï²>çVrV {Z…înÝXmdñWm h¡. Am¡a na~«÷‘| Bg AdñWmH$m EH$s^md r {XIbm`mhr J`m h¡3. AVEd `h ^r Bg VÏ`H$m à~b à‘mU ‘mZm OmZm Mm{h o {H$`h "gXgX²d¡bjÊ`' V¥Vr` {‘Ï`mH$mo{Q>Ho$ AW©‘| à wŠV Zht àË wV O¡gm {H$^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm © nyd©{Z{X©ï> ^JdX²JrVmñW ""Z "gV²' VX² Z "AgX²'CÀ`Vo'' Ho$ ^mî`‘| H$hVo h¢ ""gdm}{h eãXmo AW©àH$meZm` à`wŠV…ly`‘mU… M lmoV¥{^… Om{V{H«$`mJwUgå~ÝYÛmaoU g§Ho$VJ«hU§ gì`nojmoAWª àË`m`{V'' (JrVm.em§H$.^m.13&12) VXZwgma ""Am w…'nX{Z{X©ï> ~«÷Cg AdñWm‘| eãXgm‘Ï }Z A{Zê$nUr` hmoZoHo$ hr A{^àm`de CgH$s CgAdñWmH$mo ""VwÀN>çoZ Am-A{n{hV§'' {Zê${nV {H$`m J`m h¡. AWm©V² BgrhoVwde Cgo "V‘g²' H$hm J`m h¡. AVEd ""nañVmX² Z gV² Z AgX² Z gXgX²BË oVX² {Zdm©UmZwemgZ‘² B{V doXmZwemgZ‘² B{V'' dmŠ`m§e ^r F$Ow AW©‘|gwg“V hmo OmVm h¡.

ñ‘mV©gÝX^© : CpëbpIV V‘g²H$s ^JdX²JrVm-^mJdVnwamUmoŠV`moJ{ZÐmê$nVm :

(H$)""gd© yVm{Z, H$m¡ÝVo , àH¥$qV `mpÝV ‘m{‘H$m§

AZm{X… {dÚ`m M VWm BVa…... AW ~Õñ` ‘wŠVñ` d¡bjÊ § dXm{‘ Vo{déÕY{‘©Umo… VmV pñWV`mo… EH$Y{‘©{U... AmË‘mZ‘² AÝ § M g doX {dÛmZ²A{nßnbmXmo, ZVw {nßnmbmXmo, `mo A{dÚ`m wH²$ gVw {ZË`~Õmo, {dÚm‘`mo `…gVw {ZË`‘wŠV…''(^mJ.nwam.11&11&3-7).

3.Ðï>. : ""~«÷Hy$Q>ñWmì`ŠVm{XeãX¡dm©À`mo {ZaÝVa§... "Am{X'eãXoZ "AgV²-V‘…'eãXmX`mo J¥h²`ÝVo. VWm{n Z nwéfmoÎm‘mX² {^ÝZV`m AdpñWV… {H$ÝVw{ZaÝVaEd''(V.Xr.{Z.2&100).

H$ënj o, nwZ… Vm{Z H$ënmXm¡ {dg¥Om{‘ Ah‘². àH¥$qV ñdm‘²Adï>ä` {dg¥Om{‘ nwZ…-nwZ… yVJ«m‘‘² B‘§ H¥$ËñZ‘² Ade§ àH¥$Vo…

demV². ZM ‘m§ Vm{Z H$‘m©{U {Z~ÜZpÝV, YZÄO`, CXmgrZdX²AmgrZ‘² AgŠV§ Vofw H$‘©gw. ‘`m AÜ`joU àH¥${V… gy`VogMamMa§, h oV wZm AZoZ, H$m ¡ÝV o`, OJX² {dn[adV©V o''(^J.JrVm.9&7-10). (I/1)""gEd BX§ ggO© AJ«o ^JdmZ² AmË‘‘m``m gXgÐÿn`m (ZVw

gXgX²{dbjU`m) M Agm¡ JwU‘æ`m AJwUmo {d w…. V`m {db{gVofw EfwJwUofw JwUdm{Zd AÝV…à{dï>… Am^m{V {dkmZoZ {dO¥på^Vmo,`Wm{h Ad{hVmo dpôZ… Xméfw EH$… ñd`mo{Zfw ZmZod ^m{V{dídmË‘m ^yVofw M VWm nw‘mZ². Agm¡ JwU‘`¡… ^md¡…

yVgyú‘opÝÐ`mË‘{^… ñd{Z{‘©Vofw {Z{d©ï>mo w§ŠVo yVofw VX²JwUmZ².^md`{V Ef gÎdoZ bmoH$mZ² d¡ bmoH$^mdZmo brbmdVmamZwaVmoXod{V ©L²>Zam{Xfw. OJ¥ho nm¡éf§ ê$n§ ^JdmZ² ‘hXm{X{^… gå yV§fmoS>eH$b‘² AmXm¡ bmoH${gg¥j`m. `ñ` Aå^{g e`mZñ``moJ{ZÐm§ {dVÝdVmo Zm{^öXmå~wOmX² AmgrX² ~«÷m {dídg¥Om§n{V…''(^mJ.nwam.1&3-4&30-2). (I/2)""V‘mo‘mÌm‘² CnmXm` à{Vg§éÕ{dH«$‘… H$mboZ AZwJVmeof…AmñVo VyîUt {XZmË``o. V‘od AÝdnrYr`ÝVo bmoH$m… ^yamX`…Ì`mo, {Zem`m‘² AZwd¥Îmm`m§ {Z‘w©ŠVe{e^mñH$a§ {ÌbmoŠ`m§Xh²`‘mZm`m§ eŠË`m g§H$f©Ump½ZZm... VmdV² {Ì^wdZ§ gÚ…H$ënmÝV¡{YV{gÝYd… ßbmd`pÝV CËH$Q>mQ>monMÊS>dmVo[aVmo‘©`…AÝV… g Vpñ‘Z² g{bbo AmñVo AZÝVmgZm o h[a…`moJ{ZÐm{Z‘rbmj…''(^mJ.nwam.3&11&27-31).

BZ emñÌdMZm|Ho$ n`m©bmoMZ H$aZona Bg V‘g²H$m `moJ{ZÐm hmoZm ñnï> hmoOmVm h¡. AVEd `hm§ `moJ{ZÐmH$mo gXgX²{dbjU AkmZê$nm ‘m`mHo$ ê$n‘|lrlrYañdm‘rZo ^r Zht ñdrH$mam h¡ O¡gm {H$ ""`ñ` "Aå^{g'=EH$mU©do"e`mZñ`'={dlmÝVñ` VÌM "`moJ…'=g‘m{Y… VÐÿnm§ {ZÐm§ {dñVma`Vmo''(^mdm.Xr{n.1&3&2) Bg ì`m»`mgo gwñnï> hr h¡. AmË‘g‘m{YH$mo ‘m{`H$‘mZZona Vmo OrdÝ‘wŠVH$s AmË‘H¡$dë`mZw y{VH$mo ^r {‘Ï`m ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm AñVw,Bg {df`‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m Ñ{ï>H$moU Vmo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaUH$s

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""ZZw e`Z§ Zm‘ ñdê$n{dñ‘aUoZ, ‘m`m`m… ^JdVmo dm g‘rnJ‘Z§, VV²H$W§ Jd{V gå^d{V? B{V Ame§Š` Amh "`moJ{ZÐm‘²' B{V. Z{h JdmZ²eoVo dñVwVmo, ApñV M `moJ^yV{ZÐm H$m{MV² epŠV…. gm{h OrdmZm§ŠboeZm{eZr ñdg‘rn§ M AmZ`{V Jwh ²` § M àH$Q>rH$am o{V.''(^mJ.gw~mo.1&3&2) Bg ì`m»`mgo gd©Wm gwñnï> hr h¡. AVEd Bg ñnï>rH¥$VgÝX ©‘| hr àb`{Zê$nH$ dMZHo$ ì`m»`mJV nXm|H$m ^r A{^àm` J¥hrV H$aZmMm{h o. O¡gm {H$ ‘hmà w {XIbmVo h¢-

""AÌ A § H«$‘… : `Xm ^JdmZ² {ee{`fw… ^d{V VXmV‘mo J¥ôUm{V níMmV² M eoVo... OJ{V ñdpñ‘Z² à{dï>o@{n^JdmZ² Z n[anmbZmWª ËZ§ H$amo{V {H$ÝVw VyîUr‘od {Vð>{V. Vñ`VyîUrå^md‘Zw ^wdZmË‘H$m… ^yamX`… CÁOQ>J«m‘{^Îm`Bd{Vamo{hVm… ^dpÝV. VXm AÝYH$mao àd¥Îmo am{Ì… gwVam§ àd¥Îmm^d{V. VXm g§H$f©U‘wImX² CpËWVmo AZb… {ÌbmoH$s¨ Xh{V...VXm Vpñ‘Z² g{bbo "eofm'naZm‘m AZÝVm o,AÝV…pñWVgd©bmoH$mZm§ Xw…IhVm©, `moJ{ZÐ`m {Z‘r{bVmj…...AmñVo.''(^mJ.gw~mo.3&11&31).

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ V‘g²H$m H$moB© EH$ Am{YX¡{dH$ `m Abm¡{H$H$ñdê$n ^r h¡ {Ogo ^JdmZ²H$s `moJ{ZÐm ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h `moJ{ZÐm ~«÷H$sg¥ï²>çZwHy$bm gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm ‘m`mepŠVHo$ {dnarV àb`mZwHy$bm epŠVhmoVr h¡. BZ XmoZm| epŠVAm|‘|go Woï> epŠVH$m Cn`moJ ~«÷ AnZr Aà{VhVoÀN>mê$nmgË`g§H$ënepŠVH o $ Ûmam H$aVm h ¡. E ogm ‘hmà^ wH$s "" "{l`mnwï²>çm...{dÚ`m{dÚm eŠË`m ‘m``m M {Zfo{dV‘²'-"{dÚm'=kmZê$nm‘mojXm{`Zr, "A{dÚm'=~pÝYH$m... "epŠV…'=BÀN>mepŠV… Efmgd©{Z`m{‘H$m, "‘m`m'=gd© dZgm‘Ï ª ì`m‘mo{hH$m Mo{V C^`{dYm{nn[aJ¥hrVm "M'H$maoU... VoZ ‘w»`m ÛmXe AdmÝVa^oXm… Ag§»`mVmEd^dpÝV'' (^mJ.gw~mo.10&39&55) ì`m»`mHo$ AmYmana {gÕ hmoVm h¡. EVmdVm""ê$n§-ê$n§ à{Vê$nmo ~ yd VX² Añ` ê$n§ à{VMjUm` BÝÐmo ‘m`m{^…nwéê$n B© Vo, wŠVm {h Añ` ha`… eVm Xe B{V. A § d¡ ha`mo A § d¡ Xe

M ghòm{U M ~hÿ{Z M AZÝVm{Z M VX² EVX² ~«÷ Anyd©‘² AZna‘²A~mh² ‘² A`‘² AmË‘m gdm©Zw y… B{V AZwemgZ‘²'' (~¥h.Cn.2&5&19)`h ~¥hXmaÊ`H$dMZ ^r ~«÷H$s AmË‘ê$nm epŠVAm|H$s H$aUVm VWm epŠVEd§ epŠV‘mZ² Ho$ VmXmËå`Ho$ {Zê$nUnaH$ hmo H$a gwg“V hmo OmVm h¡.

Bgo OrdmË‘JV AkmZ/A{dÚmê$n V‘g²Ho$ ê$n‘| Z XoIZoH$m Ñ‹T> AmJ«hdmëb^ doXmÝV Bg{b o ^r aIVm h¡, Š`m|{H$, Cn{ZfX²‘| OrdJV AkmZH$sg¥{ï> CÎmaH$m{bH$ àmH$Q²>çHo$ ê$n‘| {Zê${nV hþ r h¡ : ""gmo AH$m‘`V² "~hþñ`m§ àOm o ' B{V g Vnmo AVß`V². g Vn… VßËdm BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV. `X²BX§ {H$ÄM VV² g¥îQ²>dm VXod AZwàm{deV². VX² AZwà{dí` gV² M Ë`V² MA^dV²... {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M, gË § M AZ¥V§ M gË`‘² A^dV²''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6). hm§ AdYo h¡ {H$ "{dkmZ-A{dkmZ'nXm|go Z Vmo Ord-O‹S>-g¥{ï>H$s {ddjm em§H$a doXmÝVHo$ AZwHy$b hmoJr; Am¡a Z "A{dkmZ'nXgo ‘ybmkmZHo$~Om` VybmkmZH$s {ddjm hr em§H$a doXmÝVHo$ AZwHy$b hmo nm oJr. Š`m|{H$àW‘ H$ën‘| OrdMoVZmH$mo g¥ï> ‘mZZona dh A{ZË` {gÕ hmoJr Am¡a "A{dkmZ'nXgoO‹S>g¥{ï> ‘mZZona Cgo "AZ¥V'go {^ÝZ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. O~{H$ em§H$a doXmÝV‘| O‹S>AZ¥V EH$mW©H$ ‘mZo J o h¢. O‹S>g¥{ï>H$mo ì`mdhm[aH$ gË`V`m ñdrH$maZona Am¡aàm{V^m{gH$ gË`H$mo AZ¥V ñdrH$maZona ^r àm{V^m{gH$ dñVwAm|H$mo ^rna‘oídag¥ï>V`m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. h gd©à‘mV¥Jå` hmo H$a CÝh| nwZ… ì`mdhm[aH$hr AH$m‘V`m {gÕ H$a XoJm. AÝ`Wm àm{V^m{gH$ dñVwHo$ ~mao‘| ^rVËà‘mÌoH$JmoMaVmê$n à{V^mg‘mÌearaVmH$m àË`m»`mZ hr hmo Om oJm. AV…lwË`wŠV "AZ¥V§ M' dMZÛmam "‘ybmkmZm'»` nXmW© ^r AZ¥VËdoZ em§H$adoXmÝV‘| g“¥hrV hmoZm hr Mm{h`o. Bg Vah g¥{ï>ê$nÛ¡VHo$ àmH$Q²>ç‘| Cgna~«÷go A{V[aŠV AÝ` {H$grH$s hoVwVm ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nmVr. AWm©V² CgHo$gË`g§H$ënH$m A{df` H$moB© r g¥{ï>JV nXmW© hmo Zht gH$Vm, hr ""BX§ gd©‘²Ag¥OV `X² BX§ {H$ÄM VV² g¥îQ²>dm'' nXm|H$m ñdma{gH$ A{^àm` àVrV hmoVmh¡.

{ZîH$f©V`m AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m n¥WŠn¥WH²$ à{d^mOZ m àH$meZAWdm CZ‘| a‘U O¡go gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷‘| g¥{ï>ê$n hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr CZHo$

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AàH$meZ `m {d^mJ{dbmonZ Ûmam gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$m nwZ… AmË‘¡H$a‘UAZw dmVrV Am{YX¡{dH$ V‘g² ‘mZm J`m h¡.

AVEd {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${V ^r dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma EH$‘odm{ÛVr`gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷VÎdH$m AnZo Y{‘© yV {MXmZÝXm§em|Ho$ {VamoYmZnyd©H$ Ho$dbY{‘© yV gX§eH$m {dbmg h¡. EVXW© ‘hmà wHo$ eãXm|‘| Bg à{VnmXZH$m AdbmoH$ZCnH$mar hmoJm-

"" "gÎd§ aOñV‘B{V {ZJ©wUñ` JwUm… Ì`… pñW{VgJ©{ZamoYofwJ¥hrVm… ‘m``m {d^mo.' `Wm D$U©Zm{^… g¥ï²>çW©‘² EH$m‘² D$Um©‘²CX²d‘Vo VWm ^JdmZ{n {Ì{dYg¥ï²>çWª ÌrZ² JwUmZ² CX²d‘Vo...gÐÿnoU {ZJ©V§ "gÎd‘²' B{V CÀ`Vo. Ho$db{MÐÿnoU {ZJ©V§,{H«$`mepŠVàYmZËdmV² gXmZÝXm^mdmV² M "aO…' B{V CÀ`Vo.AmZÝXm§emV² M V‘…. Vo JdÐÿnmEd JdVm g¥ï>m…. ZM Jd{VVo nyd©pñWVm…, VWm g{V Vo JdXmË‘H$m… Z do w…. Wm H$mnm©gogyÌ‘². VXod {h níMmV² ñdmd`d¡… nm¡dm©n ©‘² AmnÚ‘mZ§ gyÌVm‘²AmnÚVo. AVEd ^JdmZ² {ZJ© wU…. Vo J wUm… nwZ…pñW{VgJ©{ZamoYofw CËn{ÎmpñW{Vb`mWª J¥hrVm…. Vofm‘{n J¥hU§‘m``m. Efm {h ‘m`m OJËH$Ìu ZVw ì`m‘mo{hH$m, VX² Amh"{d^mo…' B{V. g‘W©ñ` OJËH$Vw©… B{V AW©…. gm{h VÀN>pŠV…gd©ê$n^JdËgå~ÝYmV² gd©à{VH¥${Vê$nm. gm OJËH$aUoH$aUê$nm. AV… H$aUm§eñ` VXr`ËdmV² H$aUê$noU¡d {ZJ©Vm…JwUmB{V ‘m` ¡d J¥hrVm…''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&5&18).

AV… {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${VH$s KQ>H$ JwUÌ`rHo$ AÝV ©yV Omo V‘moJwU ñdrH$mamJ`m h¡ dh ^r Z Vmo gXgX²{dbjU ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a Z A~«÷mË‘H$ hr.AVEd ""AOm‘² EH$m§ bmo{hVewŠbH¥$îUm§ ~ôdr… àOm… g¥O‘mZm§ gê$nm…''(ídoVm.Cn.4&5) lw{VdMZ‘| ^r "bmo{hV-ewŠb-H¥$îU' nXm|Ho$ Ûmam aOg²-gÎd-V‘moJwUm|H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡. ~«÷Ho$ Y{‘© yV AmZÝXHo$ {Vamo{hVhmoZona ^r Y‘© yV AmZÝX‘|go AnZo àmXw m©dH$s à{H«$`mH$mo "H¥$îU'nXdmÀ`

V‘moJwU Úmo{VV H$aVm h¡. Bgr Vah gÎdJwU Ed§ aOmoJwU H$mo ^r `Wm`WY{‘© yV gX§e Ed Y{‘© yV {MX§e Ho$ {Vamo{hV hmoZona ^r Y‘© yV gX§e Am¡a{MX§e ‘|go Xmo àmXw m©d{deof g‘PZm Mm{h o. CX`mñVHo$ nyd© Am¡a níMmV²gy ©Ho$ {Vamo{hV ahZona ^r gy ©àH$me Hw$N> g‘`Ho$ {b o, Y‘uHo$ àH$Q> aho {~Zm^r, O¡go àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡ VÛV². {’$a ^r Bg àmH¥$V JwUÌ`rHo$ demV² g¥{ï>‘|àH$Q> hmoZodmbo kmZ H$‘© H$Vm© ~w{Õ Y¥{V gwI lÕm Amhma `k Vn XmZ Am{XH$sOmo {d{dYVm AZw yV hmoVr h¢, CZ‘| Ohm§ ^r V‘moJwU àYmZ hmoVm h¡, dhm§kmZH$m {df`, H$‘©H$m ’$b, ~w{Õ^mV H$V©ì` m {df` H$m ñdê$n, Y¥{V=YmaUmH$m{df`, gwIH$m ñdê$n, m Vmo AgX² hmoVm h¡ m AgmYw hmoVm h¡. h JdX²JrVmHo$gÌhd|-AÆ>mahd| AÜ`m`Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona AdJV hmoVm hr h¡. ^JdmZ²Ho$dMZ ""Z VX² ApñV n¥{Wì`m§ dm {X{d Xodofw dm nwZ… gÎd§ àH¥${VO¡… ‘wŠV§`X² E{^… ñ`mV² {Ì{^… JwU¡…'' (^J.JrVm.18&41) Ho$ AdJmhZ H$aZona `hñnï> hmo OmVm h¡.

OJV²Ho$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-àb`mW© na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îUHo$ O¡go-~«÷m{dîUw Ed§ {ed-VrZ Am{YX¡{dH$ aOñgÎdV‘moJwUm{^‘mZr {Z`m‘H$ê$n ‘mZoJ`o h¢; d¡go hr, BZHo$ AZwê$n Aja~«÷‘| ^r-H$‘© ñd^md Ed§ H$mb-CËnÎ`m{XÌ`rHo$ {Z`‘ê$n aOñgÎdV‘moJwUmZwê$n VrZ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$n ^r ‘mZoJ`o h¢. Aja~«÷Ho$ Ad{eï> Xmo nhbw àH¥${V VWm nwéf ‘|go àH¥${V, OmoCpëbpIV JwUÌ`rH$s gmå`mdñWm h¡, Cgo {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m ‘mZm J`m h¡. BgàH¥${V‘| gÎdm{X JwUÌ`rHo$ Jm¡UàmYmÝ`^mdde àË`oH$ CËnÚ‘mZ {dÚ‘mZVWm br`‘mZ dñVw‘| H$WpÄMX² CËn{Îm, Vmo H$WpÄMV² pñW{V, Vmo H$WpÄMV²b` ^r {ZaÝVa MbVm hr ahVm h¡. EVXW© ‘hmà wHo$ o dMZ AdbmoH$Zr` h¢:

""Ed§ H$mb… VWm H$‘© ñd^mdmo h[aaod g…... gd}fm§{ÌJwUËdm{Õ Ì`mo oXm… n¥WL²> ‘Vm… Am{YX¡{dH$‘² AÜ`mË‘‘²A{Y yV‘² B{V ñ‘¥Vm…... AÝV`m©‘r Aja§ H¥$îUmo ~«÷ oXm…, VWmnao ñd^mdH$‘©H$mbm… M éÐmo ~«÷m h[a…... na§ ~«÷¡d {ÌàH$maoU

115 116

dV©VB{V Ì`mo ^oXm…... Ajañ` ñd^mdH$‘©H$mbm…, éÐmX`…H¥$îUñ`''.

(V.Xr.{Z.2&115-121).

Bg Vah V‘g²Ho$ Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$nHo$ {ddoMZHo$ ~mX A~ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ñdê$nH$s {ddoMZmHo$ hoVw AJ«ga hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡.

(3.AmÜ`mpË‘H$ V‘g²H$m ñdê$n)lm¡VgÝX^© : (H$)AkmZOÝ` V‘g² VWm (I)V‘moOÝ` AkmZ H$s nañnaOÝ`OZH$Vm :

(H$)""AñV{‘Vo Am{XË o, `mkdëŠ`, MÝБ{g AñV{‘Vo,emÝVo A¾m¡, emÝVm`m§ dm{M, qH$Á`mo{Vaod A`§ nwéf…? B{VAmË‘¡d Añ` Á`mo{V… ^dVr{V AmË‘Z¡d A § Á`mo{Vfm AmñVonë``Vo H$‘© Hw$éVo {dnë o{V B{V'' (~¥h.Cn.4&3&6).

(I)""‘¥Ë w… d¡ V‘mo Á`mo{V… A‘¥V‘²''(~¥h.Cn.1&3&28). (J)""Agw m©… Zm‘ Vo bmoH$m… AÝYoZ V‘gm Amd¥Vm… VmZ² Vo

àoË` A{^JÀN>pÝV o Ho$ M AmË‘hZmo OZm…... `ñVw gdm©{U^yVm{Z AmË‘Ý`od AZwní`{V gd©^yVofw M AmË‘mZ§ VVmo Z{dOwJwßgVo. `pñ‘Z² gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘¡d A yX² {dOmZV… VÌH$mo ‘moh… H$… emoH$… EH$Ëd‘² AZwní`V…... AÝYÝV‘… à{depÝV

o A{dÚm‘² CnmgVo VVmo y Bd V‘mo o C {dÚm`m§ aVm…. AÝ`XodAmhþ… {dÚ`m AÝ`X² Amhþ… A{dÚ`m B{V ewlw‘ YramUm§ o Z…VX² {dMM{jao. {dÚm§ M A{dÚm§ M `… VX² doX C^`§ gh,A{dÚ`m ‘¥Ë w§ VrËdm© {dÚ`m A‘¥V‘² AíZwVo'' (B©em.Cn.2&11).

BZ lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `h OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ gm¡a MmÝÐAm½Zo VWm dm{MH$ Á`mo{Vgo {^ÝZ H$moB© EH$ AmË‘M¡VÝ`ê$n Á`mo{V `m àH$me^r hmoVm hr h¡. {d{dY yVm|‘| AZwJV VWm {dÚm-A{dÚm‘| ^r AZwJV Bg

AmË‘¡H$ËdHo$ AZw dHo$ {~Zm `m Vmo ‘¥Ë wê$n `m {’$a AmË‘KmVê$n AÝYÝV‘H$sAZw y{V H$WpÄMX² hmoZo bJVr h¡. Bgr Vah AmË‘¡H$ËdmZw mdde emoH$‘mohm{VJm‘rAmË‘àH$meZ ^r eŠ` hmo hr OmVm h¡. `h AmË‘àH$me VWm AmË‘mÝÜ` Ho$‘ybH$maUV`m AmË‘mHo$ gmW Ow‹S>Zodmbr ^JdmZ²H$s ÛmXeepŠVAm|‘| AÝV y©VA{dÚm `m ì`m‘m o {hH$ m ‘m`mH o $ H$ maU AmË‘M oVZm‘ | àH$Q > rñdê$n{dñ‘¥{V={ZOñdê$nmkmZ VWm àmH¥$V JwUmÝV©JV V‘moJwU Ho$ ~rM nañnaOÝ`OZH$^mdH$m MH«$ ^JdX²JrVm‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.

gd©àW‘ AkmZOÝ` V‘g² ""Vofm‘od AZwH$ånmW©‘² Ah‘² AkmZO§ V‘mo*Zme`m{‘ AmË‘^mdñWmo kmZXrnoZ ^mñdVm'' (^J.JrVm.10&11) VWmV‘ñVw AkmZO§* {d{Õ ‘mohZ§ gd©Xo{hZm§ à‘mXmbñ`{ZÐm{^… VX²{Z~ÜZm{V'' (^J.JrVm.14&8) BZ dMZm|‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.

Bgr Vah V‘moOÝ` AkmZ ^r ""H$‘©U… gwH¥$Vñ` Amhþ… gmpÎdH§$ {Z‘©b§’$b§ aOgñVw ’$b§ Xw…I‘² AkmZ§ V‘g… ’$b§+, gÎdmV² gÄOm`Vo kmZ§ aOgmobmo Ed M à‘mX‘mohm¡ V‘gmo ^dVmo AkmZ‘od+ M'' (^J.JrVm.14&16-17) BZ dMZm|‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h‘ nmVo h¢.

Bg {df`‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V à{H«$`mHo$ AZwamoYde `h H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ Ohm§* V‘g²H$mo AkmZOÝ` H$hm Om ahm h¡ dhm§ AkmZ ^JdmZ²H$sÛmXe{dY epŠVAm|‘| AÝV y©V A{dÚm `m ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$s Cnm{Ygo OÝ`H$moB© AZw y{V{deof h¡. Bgr Vah `hm§ {Zê${nV hþdm V‘g²H$m Omo OZZ h¡ dhàmH¥$V V‘moJwUH$m CÐoH$ h¡. Bgr Vah Ohm§+ V‘moJwUOÝ` AkmZ H$hm Om ahmh¡ dhm§ AàmH¥$V AmË‘mHo$ gmW Ow‹S>r àmH¥$V JwUÌ`rHo$ AÝVJ©V V‘moJwUHo$CÐoH$de Á`moVrê$n AmË‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$m AmdaH$ AkmZ {dd{jV h¡. BZXmoZm|H$m MH«$dV² nañna OÝ`OZH$^md `m EH$VaHo$ {ZagZde AÝ`VaH$m{Zamg Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^mdê$n hr ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AVEd Z Vmo OZZ-ZmehoVwH$ A^mdMVwï>`r Am¡a Z gXgX²d¡bjÊ`ê$n {‘Ï`mËd hr dmëb^doXmÝV‘| A{^‘V à{H«$`m h¡. h gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ ~«÷monmXmZH$ g¥{ï>‘| ~«÷H$V¥©H$Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m d¡{dÜ`nyU© àH$meZ `m AàH$meZ hr Ho$db h¡-"" o M¡d

117 118

gmpÎdH$m… mdm… amOgm… Vm‘gm… M o ‘ÎmEd B{V VmZ² {d{Õ ZVw Ah§ VofwVo ‘{`'' (^J.JrVm.7&12); AVEd, `h Z Vmo {ZaÝd`Zme h¡ Am¡a ZÌ¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JVmê$n ~mY hr. `m| V‘g²H$m Hw$N> AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ñdê$n^r {gÕ hmoVmhr h¡.

{ZîH$f©V`m V‘moJwUê$n Cnm{YH$s CÎmamoÎma d¥{ÕHo$ de AmË‘MoVZm‘| à‘mXAmbñ` AkmZ ‘moh «mpÝV {ZÐm ‘yN>m© ‘¥Ë w AÝYÝV‘ ZaH$ Am{X AZoH$ ê$nAmÜ`mpË‘H$ V‘g²Ho$ emñÌdMZm|‘| {Zê${nV hþdo h¢. o Aja~«÷mÝV y©V {MX§eg‘{ï>MoVZmH$s ì`{ï>ê$n MoVZm‘| CgHo$ ñd^mdde K{Q>V Zht hmoVo. o K{Q>V hmoVo h¢AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZde MoVZmHo$ gmW ^JdmZ²H$s ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ Ow‹S>OmZoHo$ à^mdde hr. o nÄMndm© A{dÚmHo$ ê$n‘| Am¡nm{YH$V`m dhm§ ^m{gVhmoVo h¢. AV… V‘g²H$m AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Cn[a{Z{X©ï> ñdê$n AmË‘MoVZmHo$ ñdm^m{dH$JwUY‘©V`m Zht àË wV Am¡nm{YH$ JwUY‘©V`m àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. Am¡nm{YH$ JwUY‘©ghOñd^mdà wŠV Zht hmoVo naÝVw EVmdVm CÝh| {‘Ï`m, dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| H$‘goH$‘, ‘mZm Zht OmVm.

`m| AmÜ`mpË‘H$ V‘g²H$s ñdê$n{ddoMZmHo$ ~mX A~ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ V‘g²Ho${ddoMZmW© àd¥Îm hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡.

(4.Am{Y^m¡{VH$ V‘g²H$m ñdê$n)lm¡VgÝX © : Z¥MjwJ«mh² àH$me Am¡a CgHo$ {Vamo mdde àH$Q> hmoVm V‘g²:

(H$)""g BV² V‘mo Ad wZ§ VVÝdV² gy }U d wZdV² MH$ma''(F$Šg§{h.6&21&3).

(I)""Ah… M H¥$îU‘², Ah… AOw©Z§ M, {ddV}Vo aOgrdoÚm{^…, d¡ídmZamo Om`‘mZmo ZamOm Adm{VaX² Á`mo{Vfm Ap½Z…V‘m§{g'' (F$Šg§{h.6&9&1).

(J)""`… V‘{g {Vð>Z² V‘gmo AÝVamo, § V‘mo Z doX. `ñ`V‘… eara§, `… V‘mo AÝVamo `‘`{V, Ef V AmË‘m AÝV`m©‘rA‘¥V…. `… VoO{g {Vð>Z² VoOgmo AÝVamo, § VoOmo Z doX. `ñ`VoO… eara§, `… VoOmo AÝVamo `‘`{V, Ef V AmË‘m AÝV`m©‘rA‘¥V…''.

(~¥h.Cn.3&7&13-14).

(K)""VX² EojV "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o o'{V VV² VoOmo Ag¥OV. VV²VoO… EojV "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o o'{V VX² Anmo Ag¥OV... Vm Amn…EojÝV "~ˆ²`… ñ`m‘ àOm`o`o'{V Vm… AÝZ‘² Ag¥OV... go`§XodVm EojV "hÝV Ah‘² B‘m… {Vòmo XodVm… AZoZ OrdoZ AmË‘ZmAZwà{dí` Zm‘ê$no ì`mH$admUr{V Vmgm§ {Ìd¥V‘² EH¡$H$m§H$adm{U' B{V... X² A½Zo… (Am{XË`ñ` MÝБgmo {dÚwVmo) amo{hV§ê$n§ VoOg… VÐÿn§, `V² ewŠb§ VX² Anm§, `V² H¥$îU§ VX² AÝZñ`.AnmJmX² A½Zo… Ap½ZËd§ (Am{XË`ñ` Am{XË`Ëd§ MÝÐmV² MÝÐËd§{dÚwVmo {dÚwÎd§) dmMmaå^U§ "{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo § "Ìr{U ê$nm{U'BË od gË`‘²''.

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3-4&4).

BZ lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ V‘g²H$m H$moB© Am{Y^m¡{VH$ñdê$n ^r {ZíM oZ hmoVm hr h¡. (H$)^JdmZ²Zo O¡go gm¡a àH$meH$mo kmZOZH$~Zm`m h¡ Cgr Vah V‘g² ^r ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ûmam hr AkmZOZH$ ~Zm`m J`m h¡.(I){XZ Am¡a am{Ì H$mo ewŠb Am¡a H¥$îU ~Zm`m J`m h¡, Omo XmoZm| ybmoH$na Am¡aAÝV[aj‘| MH«$dV² doÚV`m Ky‘Vo ahVo h¢. gy ©H$s Vah Ap½Z ^r {H$ÝVw yVbnaàH$Q> hmo H$a AnZo àH$mego V‘g²H$mo {ZañV H$a XoVm h¡. (J)V‘g² Am¡a Á`mo{VXmoZm|Ho$ ^rVa dh AÝV`m©‘r {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡, {Ogo V‘g² Am¡a Á`mo{V OmZ ZhtnmVo naÝVw do XmoZm| hr CgHo$ earaê$n hmoVo h¢. Omo BZ V‘g² Am¡a Á`mo{V XmoZm|Ho$^rVa ah H$a CZH$m {Z`‘Z H$aVm h¡ dhr h‘mao ^rVa ^r ahZodmbm A‘¥VAÝV`m©‘r h¡. (K)Cg na‘mË‘mZo gmoMm {H$ dh AZoH$ê$n YmaU H$ao gmo dh VoO~Z H$a Ob, Am¡a Ob ~Z H$a, AÝZ ~Z J`m. CgZo gmoMm {H$ dhr BZ

119 120

XodVmAm|Ho$ ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmo H$a àñVwV OrdmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| AZwà{dï> hmo H$aZm‘ê$nm|H$m {dñVma H$ao gmo CgZo àË oH$H$s {ÌnwQ>r ~Zm Xr. AVEd Ap½ZAm{XË` MÝБm Am¡a {dÚwV² ‘| Omo apŠV‘ àH$me h¡ dh V¡Og h¡, Omo ídoVàH$me h¡ dh Obr` h¡ Am¡a Omo H¥$îUdUu àH$me h¡ dh AÝZmonb{jV nm{W©dàH$me hmoVm h¡. AV… BZ Ap½Z Am{XË` MÝБm `m {dÚwV² H$mo "VoO-dm w-n¥{WdrHo$ {dH$ma' Zm‘go nwH$maZm Vmo dm½ì`dhmaH$s ‘`m©Xm h¡. dmñV{dH$ Zm‘Vmo BZH$m "VrZ ê$n' hr g‘PZm Mm{h o.

`hm§ {Ìd¥ËH$aU `m CnbjU{dY`m nÄMrH$aU H$s doXmÝVm{^‘V à{H«$`mHo$AZwamoYde àË oH$ nmÄM^m¡{VH$ ñWyb VÎd‘| ñd §Ho$ Abmdm Ad{eï> Xmo `mMma VÎd {dÚ‘mZ ahVo hr h¢. AV… H$ht ^r {H$grH$m AmË`pÝVH$ A^md `mAÝ`moÝ`m^md Vmo hmo hr Zht gH$Vm h¡. AV… ^JdX²JrVmoŠV-""Z AgVmo{dÚVo ^mdmo Z A^mdmo {dÚVo gV…''(^J.JrVm.2&16) {gÕmÝVHo$ AmYmana^r VoOg² VÎdH$m A^md hr {gÕ Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU AÝYH$ma `m V‘g² Ho$VoOmoê$n àH$meH$m AË`ÝVm^mdê$n hmoZm m VoOmoê$n àH$meH$m AÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$nhmoZm CnnÝZ hmo Zht nmVm.

{ZîH$f©V`m {H$gr VahHo$ àH$meHo$ H$ht-H$^r Am{d^m©dde, Vmo {H$grVahHo$ àH$meHo$ H$ht-H$^r {Vamo mdê$n hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| V‘g²H$m EH$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ñdê$n AH$m‘V`m ‘mÝ` aIZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡. AVEd ""CÕgÎm{S>Xå^moXKQ>`mZï>^mJUo ì`mopåZ à{dï>V‘gm Z ñ‘ ì`mÑí`Vo nX‘²''-""`Wm KZmoAH©$à^dmo AH©$X{e©Vmo AH$mªe yVñ` M Mjwf… V‘…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&17&6-12&4&32) BZ ^mJdVdMZm|‘| ñnï>V`m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ‘oKKQ>mê$n AÝYH$maHo$de Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ^mê$n àH$meH$m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Zme; VWm, gy ©apí‘OÝ`KZH$s gy ©àH$meÑí`Vm VWm gy mªeê$n Z¥MjwAm|Ho$ à{V gy m©daH$ hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘|V‘moê$nVm Omo {Zê${nV hþ r h¡ dh ^r g§JV hmo OmVr h¡. gy ©apí‘OÝ` KZm|‘|CnmXmZH$maUV`m AZwJV hmoZogo gy ©H$m H$W‘{n A^md Vmo gå^d hr Z hmoZogo{Vamo md hr ñdrH$maZm C{MV hmoJm. AV… gy ©àH$meH$m {Vamo md ì`m‘mo{hH$m‘m`mH$m AdmñV{dH$ ‘m{`H$ H$m © Z hmoZogo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ àH$meH$m Am{Y^m¡{VH${Vamo mdê$n hr Am{Y^m¡{VH$ V‘moê$n H$m © hr ‘mZZm `hm§ C{MV bJVm h¡.

Á`mo{VHo$ `o Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^md ^r ""AmË‘VEd Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mdm¡...AmË‘VEd BX§ gd©‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&26&1) dMZmZwgmar na~«÷H$s~hþ dZoÀN>mHo$ hr EH$ AZw mdHo$ ê$n‘| V‘g²H$mo ^r {gÕ H$aVo h¢. AñVw.

AVEd AmYw{ZH$ ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma ^r V‘g²H$m Omo ñdê$nà{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡, CgHo$ gmW àñVwV {Zê$nUHo$ g§dmX `m {dg§dmX na^r `pËH$pÄMV² Ñ{ï>nmV àñVwV {df`Ho$ gå`J² AmH$bZmW© CnH$maH$ hmo gH$Vmh¡.

AmYw{ZH${dkmZgÝX © : Z¥Mjw Ûmam J«mh² àH$me Am¡a Z¥Mjw Ûmam AJ«mh²àH$me Ho$ {Vamo mdde àH$Q> hmoVo AZoH${dY V‘g² :

AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma Z¥MjwJ«m©h² àH$meH$m joÌ{dñVma AË`ën‘mZm J`m h¡. O~{H$ Z¥Mjwgo AJ«mh² àH$meH$m joÌ{dñVma ~hþV ~‹S>m ‘mZmJ`m h¡. EVXW© AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZm{^‘V EH$sH¥$V BboŠQ´>mo‘o½Zo{Q>H$ joÌ{dñVmaHo$ñdê$nH$mo Ñ{ï>JV H$a boZm CnH$maH$

hmoJm:

EH$sH¥$V BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ Va“{dñVmaH$m ì`mnH$joÌ bKwVa§J - Va§JX¡¿ ©gmaUr - XrK©Va§J----------&---------&----&-------&----------

H$m°pñ‘H$a¡µO² Jm‘ma¡µO² EŠga¡µO² d¥ÝVmH$H¥$îUmVrV(MjwJ«m©h² )bmo{hVmY… amS>ma ao{S> moVa§J(E’²$E‘² Q>rdr EE‘²)

------------&------àH$meVa§J--------&----------

(Ðï>ì` : {’«$˵Omo’$ H$màmH¥$V "X VmAmo {’${µOŠg²' n¥.60)

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Bg Va§JX¡¿`©gm[aUrHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `h {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$Z¥MjwJ«m©h²` àH$meH$m joÌ{dñVma {d{dY Va§Jm|H$s {H$aUm|Ho$ joÌ{dñVmaH$sVwbZm‘| {H$VZm AënV‘ h¡ Cg àH$meHo$ MjwJ¥©hrV Z hmoZona ‘Zwî`Ho$ Z`Zm|‘|ñdm^m{dH$V`m AÝYH$ma `m V‘g² H$s AZw y{V hmoZo bJVr h¡. naÝVw Z¥MjwJ«m©h²V‘g²Ho$ gmW hr gmW AÝ`mÝ` Va§Jmo Ûmam dñVwH$m àH$meZ ^r CVZm ghOgå^d h¡. AVEd ‘mZdr` Mjwgo Ohm§ V‘g² hr J¥hrV hmoVm hmo dhm§ ^r A~AÝ`mÝ` Va§Jm|H$s {H$aUm|go àH$meZ AeŠ` Zht ahm h¡. ’$bV… V‘gmd¥V hmoZm`m Z hmoZm ^r CZ-CZ Va§J{H$aUm|Ho$ J«mhH$ Z`Zm|Ho$ AWdm CnH$aUm|Ho$ gÝX ©‘|hr A~ gmoMm-H$hm OmZm Mm{h o AÝ`Wm Zht. BZHo$ CXmhaUV`m Z¥Mjw ÛmamJ«mh² àH$me{H$aUm|Ho$ X¡{hH$ ËdMmHo$ AmdaUHo$ ^rVa à{dï> Z hmo nmZoH$spñW{V‘| ^r EŠg²ao `m Üd{Z{H$aUm| Ûmam ËdJÝV…àdoeZHo$ VWm CZHo$ namdV©ZHo$de earamÝV…pñWV A§Jmonm§Jm|H$m àXe©Z Ed§ {MÌU AmYw{ZH$ EŠgao/gmoZmoJ«m’$sê$nr CnH$aUm| Ûmam AVrd gwH$a Omo hmo J`m h¡, Cgo Ü`mZHo$ ~mha Zht aIZmMm{h o. Jhao gmJaVb‘| Sy>~r hþ r dñVwHo$ BX©{JX© Z¥Mjwgo V‘g² Ohm§ àË`j{gÕhmoVm h¡ dhm§ r Üd{Z{H$aUm|Ho$ àjonU Ûmam AÝVñVbmdpñWV dñVwH$m Xe©Z Ed§{MÌJ«hU gwb^ hmo J`m h¡. gZ² 1883go Amaå^ H$a AYwZmVZ {H$ o J o AZoH$à`moJ-{ZarjUm|Ho$ AmYmana h r {gÕ hþdm h¡ {H$ MtQ>r XpâZAm(Ob‘{jH$m)‘Yw‘{jH$m H$mð>^jr H$sQ> (wasp) ’$b‘{jH$m VWm AÝ` Hw$N> njr ^rZ¥Mjw Ûmam AJ«mh² d¥ÝVmH$H¥$îUmVrV ultraviolet {H$aUm|H$mo XoI nmVo h¢ (Ñï>.: nr.B©.hm°H²$~O©a²H¥$V "A {hñQ>moar Am°’²$ AëQ´>mdm`moboQ²> ’$moQ>mo~m`mobmoOr ’$moa²øw‘Ýg², E{Z‘ëg² E§S²> ‘mBH«$moAmoJ©{ZµO‘²' AmboI n¥.566).

BZ {d{dY Va§J{H$aUm|Ho$ ~rM Z Vmo AmË`pÝVH$ Amngr oX hmoVm h¡ Am¡aZ AmË`pÝVH$ A oX hr. EVmdVm {H$gr EH$ àH$maH$s Va§J{H$aUHo$ MjwJ¥©hrVZ hmo nmZoH$s pñW{V‘| AZw^yV hmoVo V‘g² Am¡a Xygar ^r {H$gr àH$maH$sVa§J{H$aUm|go J¥hrV Z hmo nmZodmbo V‘g² Ho$ ~rM ^r Z Vmo AmË`pÝVH$ oX Am¡aZ AmË`pÝVH$ A oX hr ñdrH$mam Om gHo$Jm. {’«$˵Omo’²$ H$màm H$hVo h¢ {H$""Today we know that radio waves, light waves or X-rays, areall electromagnetic waves, electric and magnetic fields, differingonly in the frequency of their oscillation, and that visible light isonly a tiny fraction of the elctromagnetic spectrum'' (The TaoPhysics p.61). Š`m|{H$ `h ghO gå^d h¡ {H$ {OZ EH$ `m Xmo VahH$s

Va§J{H$aUm|Ho$ J¥hrV Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU H$ht V‘g² AZw yV hmo ahm hmo dhm§ hrVrgar àH$maH$s {H$gr Va§J{H$aU Ûmam dñVwàË`j Ed§ {MÌJ«hU gd©Wm gweH$hr hmo. BZ {d{dY Va§J{H$aUm|Ho$ à oX BZH$s n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Va§J-b§~mB©‘mÌHo$AmYmana {Z ©a hmoVo h¢. Am¡a h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Ñí` Am¡a lì` H$m à oX^r Ho$db Va§Jm|H$s n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ b§~mB©Am|H$m hr oX A~ ah J`m h¡. Am¡a VmoAm¡a Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho$ à oX ^r A~ Amno{jH$ hmo J o h¢. ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$JAnZr "~«r’$ {hñQ>ar Am°’$ Q>mB‘' J«ÝW‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$-

""In this theory, particles no longer had separate,well-defined positions and velocities that could beobserved. Instead, they had a quantum state, which wasa combination of position and velocity... Although lightis made up of waves, Planck's quantum hypothesis tellsus that in some ways it behaves as if it were composedof particles‹:‹it can be emitted or absorbed only inpackets, or quanta. Equally, Heisenberg's uncertaintyprinciple implies that partlicles behave in some respectslike waves: they do not have a definite position but are"smeared out' certain probabilty distribution. The theoryof quantum mechanics is based on an entirely new typeof mathematics that no longer describes the real worldin terms of particles and waves; it is only the observationsof the world that may be described in those terms.There is thus a duality between waves and particles inquantum mechanics: for some purpose it is helpful tothink of particles as waves and for other purposes it isbetter to think of waves as particles.'' (A ~«r’$ {hñQ>arAm°’$ Q>mB‘² n¥.59-61).

Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV lì` Va§Jm|Ho$ Ûmam Ñí`md^mgZ ^r eŠ` hmo J`mh¡. AVEd àH$mem^mdHo$ ê$n‘| V‘g²H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZo OmZona gd©àW‘ `hñnï>rH$aU A{Zdm © hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$g VahHo$ Va§J{H$aUm|H$s {ddjmHo$ deH¡$gm àH$mem^md {dd{jV h¡, Š`m|{H$ EH$ VahHo$ Va§J{H$aUH$m Ohm§ A^mdhmo dhm§ AÝ` àH$maHo$ Va§J{H$aUH$m A^md hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht hmoVm. BgrVah g^r VahHo$ Va§J{H$aU g^r Vah Z`Zm|go `m {H$gr ^r EH$ CnH$aUgo

123 124

J¥hrV hmo Zht nmVo. n[aUm‘V`m Eogr pñW{V‘| Z`ZJmoMa hmoVo V‘g²Ho$ gmW-gmW AÝ` àH$maHo$ Va§J{H$aUJ«mhr CnH$aU{deof Ûmam dñVwàH$meZ m gmjmËH$ma^r eŠ` hmoVm hr h¡. hmb hr ‘| BamH$-A‘arH$s wÕ‘| A‘arH$s g¡{ZH$m|H$moAÝYoao‘| ^r XoI nmZoHo$ infra-red (bmo{hVmY…) àH$me{H$aUJ«mhr CnZoÌ àXmZ{H$`o OmZoHo$ g‘mMma àH$m{eV hþdo Wo. EVmdVm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H${dÚwÀMwå~H$s` ì`mnH$ Va§JjoÌHo$ {dñVma‘| Z Vmo g^r VahHo$ Va§J{H$aUm|H$mA^md gå^d h¡ Am¡a Z Ðï>m Am¡a/AWdm CnH$aU go {ZanojV`m V‘g² `màH$meZ H$m Mmjwf AZw d gå^d hmo nmVm h¡. AV… `hm§ ^r gmnojVmdmXH$mohr ‘wI[aV hmoVm hþdm h‘ nmVo h¢. nr.B©.hm°H²$~O©a² Vmo `hm§ VH$ H$hVo h¢ {H$""One of the more contraversial discoveries is the observationthat cell produce, transmit and perceive ultraweak electromagneticradiation (‹also called ultraweak photon emission, low-levelbioluminescence and bioelctromagnetism).(nydm}Õ¥V AmboI n¥.572).AWm©V² EH$H$moer` OrdmUw ^r A{VjrU {dÚwÀMwå~H$s` Va§J{H$aUm|H$mo àH$Q>H$aVo h¢, CÝh| gåào{fV H$aVo h¢ VWm CÝh| AZw yV ^r H$aVo h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘|AÝYH$ma‘| AdpñWV {H$gr àmUr ì`pŠVH$m Ho$db Z¥Mjwgo gmjmËH$ma eŠ`Z hmoZona ^r A{VjrU {dÚwÀMwå~H$s` Va§J{H$aUJ«mhr CnH$aU{deof ÛmamgmjmËH$ma eŠ` hmoVm hr h¡.

{ZîH$f©V`m AÝYH$maH$mo Ho$db àH$mem^mdHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV H$aZm A~AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZm{^‘V H$Wm àVrV Zht hmoVr h¡.

`hm§ V‘íMmjwf àË`jH$s à{H«$`mH$m ^r `V{H$pÄMX² {ddoMZ, AmYw{ZH${dkmZHo$ AZwgma, OmZ boZm gÝX^m}nmÎm hr hmoJm. dh ^r nwZ… Á`mo{VíMmjwfàË`jH$s à{H«$`mHo$ gmW Ow‹S>r hþ r ~mV hmoZogo nwZ… VXoH$gÝX^m}nmÎm hr ~ZOmVr h¡. àH$meVa§J{H$aUm|H$s {ddoMZm H$aVo hþdo Light and Vision J«ÝW‘|gr.Or.å yba² VWm ‘mE éS>moë’²$ H$hVo h¢:

""Light waves, unlike water waves, need no medium‹; theycan travel in a vacuum without ever diminishing'' (p.46).

""Light passing into the eye remains essentiallyunchanged, although its path is altered so that it reachesthe retina in proper focus. It is at this point that thedramatic conversion takes place, and light is transformedinto signals, partly electrical and partly chemical in theirnature. Although triggered by light, these signals can nolonger be described in terms of light units. In fact, thelight is gone}dissipated. It is used up just as the energyof a gun's hammer is used up when it strikes the bullet.At this point, it is important to keep in mind that light isenergy. Light is not a substance nor a picture, but energy,the ability to do work. The eye harnesses light energyto see by the process of vision just as plants harnesslight energy to grow by the process known asphotosynthesis.'' (ibd.p.75-76).

AWm©V² ObVa§Jm|go {dgÑeV`m àH$meVa§Jm|H$mo {H$gr ‘mÜ`‘H$s AnojmZht ahVr; do eyÝ`mdH$me‘| jrU hþdo {~Zm {ZaÝVa `mÌm H$a nmVr h¢. ZoÌm|Ho$^rVa àdoe H$aVo g‘` Ñ{ï>nQ>b VH$ Ho$pÝÐV hmo H$a nhþ§M nmZoHo$ nWn[adV©ZHo$Abmdm àH$me‘| Am¡a H$moB© n[adV©Z Zht AmVm. Bg Ñ{ï>nQ>b VH$ nhþ§M OmZonaàH$meHo$ ñdê$n‘| Adí` hr ZmQ>H$s` n[adV©Z K{Q>V hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ àH$meA~ g§Ho$VHo$ ê$n‘| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVm h¡, A§eV… d¡ÚwV Am¡a A§eV… agm`{ZH$ñdê$n‘|. BZ àH$meOÝ` g§Ho$Vm|H$m àH$meH$s` BH$mB©Am|‘| {Zê$nU A~ eŠ`Zht ah OmVm. dñVwVñVw àH$me Vmo ì``r yV hmo H$a {VVa-{~Va hmo OmVm h¡.~ÝXyH$Ho$ ^rVa Ow‹S>r bKwH$m` hWm¡‹S>r O¡go Jmobrna AmKmV H$a MwH$ZonaH$m ©{Zd¥Îm hmo OmVr h¡ VÛV². `hm§ EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© AdYo VÏ` `h ^r hmoVm h¡{H$ àH$me EH$ D$Om© h¡. yb Zht OmZm Mm{h o {H$ àH$me EH$ D$Om©ê$n nXmW©hr h¡, Z Vmo Ðì`ê$n Am¡a Z {MÌê$n hr. àH$meê$n D$Om©H$m ZoÌ A{YJ«hU H$aVoh¢, XoIZoH$s {H«$`m gånÝZ H$aZoH$mo, R>rH$ Cgr Vah Vah O¡go àH$meH$Ug§íbofUH$sà{H«$`m Ûmam dZñn{V AmË‘m{^d¥ÕçW© àH$meH$Um|H$m A{YJ«hU H$aVr h¢.

`hm§, {H$ÝVw, Hw$N> ~mVo ‘wPo Xe©ZemñÌr` {díbofUmW© {dMmaUr` àVrVhmoVr h¢. gd©àW‘ Vmo `h {H$ àH$meH$mo Amno{jH$V`m Ðì` Am¡a/AWdm D$Om©AWm©V² C^`ê$n `m d¡H$pënH$V`m AÝ`Vaê$n Z ‘mZ H$a Ho$db D$Om©ê$n ^r‘mZ H$a Mbm Om o V~ ^r {dkmZH$mo CgH$s j{UH$Vm `m jU §J H$s à{H«$`m

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Vmo ‘mÝ` Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ H$amo‹S>m| àH$medf© XyadVu Á`mo{VpînÊS>m|go ì wËg¥ï>àH$me ybmoH$ VH$ nhþ§MVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AV… ZoÌJmobH$Ho$ ^rVa K{Q>V hmoVoàH$meHo$ d¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ n[adV©Z‘| àVrË`g‘wËnmXdmXmZwgmar à{H«$`m Vmo AnZmnmZm XwîH$a h¡. Amaå^dmXmZwgmar à{H«$`mH$mo ñdrH$maZo‘| ^r g~go ~‹S>r ~mYm`hr gm‘Zo AmVr h¡ {H$ ZoÌJmobH$H$mo ‘pñVîH$go Omo‹S>Zodmbr Zm{‹S>Am|Ho$ ^rVad¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ VÎd Vmo nhbogo hr {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡. nydm}Õ¥V nr.B©.hm°H²$~O©a²Ho$""One of the more contraversial discoveries is the observationthat cell produce, transmit and perceive ultraweak electromagneticradiation (‹also called ultraweak photon emission, low-levelbioluminescence and bioelctromagnetism).(nydm}Õ¥V AmboI n¥.572){dYmZ Ûmam ^r BgH$s nw{ï> hmoVr hr h¡. AV… BZ d¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ g§Ho$Vm|‘|àH$meHo$ ê$nmÝVaUH$s Amaå^dmXr ì`m»`m ^r eŠ` Zht bJVr. àH$me VmoMjwJ«m©h²` hmoZogo H$WpÄMX² Ñï²>ç{Yð>mZH$ {ddV© ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ naÝVwàH$meHo$ d¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ ê$nmÝVaUH$mo MjwJ«m©h²` ~ZmZodmbo Z Vmo CnH$aU{Z{‘©V hmo nm o h¢ Am¡a Z {dkmZ CÝh| àH$meH$s VwbZm‘| {df‘gÎmmH$ hr ‘mZVmh¡, AWm©V² Ý yZgÎmmH$ Z ‘mZVm hmoZogo, CÝh| àH$me{ddV©V`m ñdrH$maZm ^rAeŠ` hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| `m Vmo {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXr `m A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXrCËn{Îmà{H«$`m‘|go hr {H$gr EH$H$mo ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

Ohm§ nyd© mdmn{Îm eŠ` Z hmo Am¡a H$m ©ê$n‘| H$maUñdê$nmZwJ‘ eŠ` Zhmo dhm§ {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmar CËn{Îmà{H«$`m A{^àoV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a nyd© mdmn{ÎmVWm H$maUñdê$nmZwJ‘ Ho$ eŠ` hmoZona A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmar CËn{Îmà{H«$`mdmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo A{^‘V h¡. Am¡a dhr `hm§, ‘oar {dZ‘« g‘PHo$ AZwgma,eŠ` àVrV hmoVr h¡.

ê$gHo$ d¡km{ZH$ ‘|Xobr`od Ûmam gmaUr~Õ {H$`o J`o àH¥${V{gÕ 92‘m¡{bH$ VÎd Am¡a AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ Ûmam {Z{‘©V 14 ‘m¡{bH$ VÎd, `m| g^rHo$^rVa A~ BboŠQ´>m°Z Ý yQ´>m°Z Am¡a àmoQ>m°Z ê$nr H$maUñdê$nHo$ AZwJ‘Ho$ VWm{díbofU Ûmam nyd©^mdmn{Îm ^r eŠ` hmoZogo A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmarCËn{Îmà{H«$`m hr `hm§ ‘mÝ` aIZr Mm{h`o. ñd`§ gr.Or.å`yba² VWm ‘mEéS>moë’²$ ^r BVZm Vmo ñdrH$maVo hr h¢ {H$-

""It assumes that a single photon of light is strongenough to power the chemical and electrical processesthat actually produce the sensation of vision in the brain.But one photon could not do that. It is far too weak; justto provide dim light from a small flashlight requiresbillions and billions of photons per second. Scientistsare certain that the pigment reaction must be amplifiedfor any perception of vision to occur. As yet, they donot know how this amplification takes place in eye.George Wald of Harvard's Biological Laboratories hassuggested two possibilities. It may be that the absorptionof photon activates chemical boosters{enzymes{in thepigment. These enzymes may then able to generate fargreater amounts of energy than the original moleculecould produce by itself.''

(bmB©Q²> E§S²> drµOZ² n¥.80).

EH$ Am¡a `mpÝÌH$s à{H«$`m ’$moQ>mo[agoßQ>g©²‘| ’$moQ>m°Z H$Um| Ûmam {N>ÐrH$aU(punching) H$s ^r àñVm{dV H$s J`r h¡. BZ‘|, naÝVw, àW‘ à{H«$`mHo$ gÝX ©‘|Vmo A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmar A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZdmbr CËn{Îmà{H«$`mH$s g§J{Vgd©Wm gmoMr hr Om gH$Vr h¡. {ÛVr` à{H«$`m Hw$N> Xwê$h bJVr h¡ VWmA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmHo$ {dMmana Am{lV Z hmo H$a Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmH$maUVmHo${dMmana Am{lV àVrV hmoVr h¡.

àH¥$VmZwgaUmW© ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²Ho$ ""`… EH$mo AdUm} ~hþYmepŠV`moJmX² dUm©Z² AZoH$mZ² {Z{hVmWm} XYm{V {d M¡{V M AÝVo {díd‘²AmXm¡ g Xod…'' (ídoVm.Cn.4&1) VWm ""gßV wÄOpÝV aW‘² EH$MH«$‘²EH$mo Aídmo dh{V gßVZm‘m, {ÌZm{^ MH«$‘² AOa‘² AZdª oZ B‘m {dídm…

wdZm{Z VñWw…...ídoVmo apí‘… n[a gdª ~ yd'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&11&8-10)BZ lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona AdU©H$m gd©dU© mdmnÝZ hmoZm VWm ídoVapí‘gy ©H$s apí‘Am|H$m hr gßVdUu ^r hmoZm B©gmHo$ 18d| eVH$‘| hþdo BñgmH$Ý yQ>Z²go ~hþV nhbo doXm|‘| à{Vnm{XV Wm hr. Ý yQ>Z²Ho$ à{gÕ à`moJ {H$ {Ìnmíd©H$mM‘|go gy ©apí‘Ho$ {Z…gmaU {H$ o OmZona ídoVapí‘‘| go g^r a§Jm|H$s {H$aU|

127 128

n¥WH²$ hmo H$a ~mha àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¢. `h à{gÕ d¥ÎmmÝV h¡. AV… àm{VHy$ë oZ,AWm©V², AÝVo ì o{V M {díd‘²'' (`WmoÕ¥V) Bg à{H«$`mHo$ ZoÌ‘| gånÝZ ZhmoZona V‘g²H$s AZw y{VH$m D$h gabV`m gånÝZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. naÝVw`h H$Wm dñVwV… BVZr gab Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ V‘g² O¡go H¥$îUdUu hmoVm h¡ d¡gohr MjwJ«m©h² dñVwAm|Ho$ àH$meg§ wŠV hmoZona ^r H¥$îUdU©H$s AZw y{V ^r hmoVrhr h¡. AV… Cg H¥$îUdU© Am¡a V‘g²Ho$ H¥$îUdU© Ho$ ~rM aho AÝVaH$m Am¡aCgHo$ Mmjwf àË`jH$m {d‘e© ^r `hm§ Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡.

gr.Or.å yba² VWm ‘mE éS>moë’²$ AnZo nydm}Õ¥V J«ÝW‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî`Ho$ZoÌHo$ ^rVa àH$meg§doXZerb VÎd Xmo VahHo$ hmoVo h¢ : 1.ebmH$m VWm2.e§Hw$. ebmH$m grYr VWm ‘hrZ hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ e§Hw$ Hw$N> A{YH$ ’y$bo-’y$bo go ‘hrZ Jwã~mao O¡go hmoVo h¢. o XmoZm| h‘mao Ñ{ï>nQ>bHo$ nmíd©‘| EH$ gmWRw>§go hþdo ^ao ahVo h¢-H$ar~ Voah H$amo‹S>H$s g§»`m‘| EH$ N>moQ>r gr S>mH$H$s{Q>{H$Q>Ho$ {OVZr OJh‘| ^ao ahVo h¢. Am¡a Š`m|{H$ AÝ` ^r H$`r newAm|H$s Vah‘Zwî` ^r {XZ Am¡a amV XmoZm| VahHo$ Ñí`OJV²‘| OrZodmbm àmUr h¡. AV…Z¥Mjw‘| H$ar~ 70 bmI e§Hw$ Vrd« M‘H$sbo àH$meHo$ gw{deX narjUmW© ^aoahVo h¢ Am¡a ‘hrZ ebmH$m Vmo BZgo AÆ>mah JwZr Á`mXm ‘ÝXàH$meHo$ A{YJ«hUmW©^ar ahVr h¢. O¡go Ho$‘amHo$ ^rVa `WoÀN> ídoVH¥$îU `m a§JrZ {’$ë‘ ^ar OmgH$Vr h¢, R>rH$ Cgr Vah o ebmH$m | ‘w»`V`m Ñí`dñVwHo$ ídoVH¥$îUdU©H$sJ«m{hH$m hmoVr h¢ Am¡a e§Hw$ ‘w»`V`m {d{dY dUu Ñí`Ho$ J«mhH$ hmoVo h¢. {’$a^re§Hw$ nr{V‘m`wŠV h[aV² dUu Ñí`Va§JHo$ {deofV`m J«mhH$ hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ebmH$m`| Jm¡UV`m Zr{b‘m`wŠV h[aV² dU©Ho$ Ñí`Va§JHo$ à{V ^r AnZrg§doXZerbVm àH$Q> H$aVr h¢. AVEd apŠV‘ nwîn VWm Zrb nwîn {XZHo$àH$me‘| g‘mZV`m M‘H$sbo bJVo h¢ O~{H$ am{ÌHo$ Yw§YbHo$‘| XmoZm| dUm]H$sM‘H$ H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡ (VÌ¡d n¥.76-77). `hm§ `h CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma ‘m¡{bH$ dU© `m Vmo bmo{hV h[aV² Am¡a Zrb hmoVo `mbmo{hV nrV h[aV² Am¡a Zrb ‘mZo J o h¢. d¡go 18dt eVmpãXHo$ ‘moµOog² ho[ag²ZoAnZo dU©ì`dñWmÚmoVH$ MH«$mH$ma H$moð>H$‘| nañna {‘lUde 1aŠV 2Ho$ga-aŠV 3aŠV-Ho$ga 4Ho$ga 5nrV-Ho$ga 6Ho$gar-nrV 7nrV 8h[aV²-nrV 9nrV-h[aV²10h[aV² 11Zrb-h[aV² 12h[aV²-Zrb 13Zrb 14nV§Jr-Zrb 15Zrb-nV§Jr 16nV§Jr

17aŠV-nV§Jr 18nV§Jr-aŠV (VÌ¡d n¥.129) dUm]Ho$ oXmon oX {XIbm o Wo. AV…`hm§ AdYo h¡ {H$ ídoV Am¡a H¥$îU H$mo dU© Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ gd©{dYdUm]H$s àH$meVa§Jm|Ho$ g‘mhmago OÝ` Mmjwf AZw y{V‘| ídoVH$m Ad^mgZhmoVm h¡ VWm gd©{dY àH$meVa§Jm|‘|go {H$gr ^r àH$maH$s àH$meVa§JHo$ ZoÌnQ>bVH$ à{dï> Z hmo nmZona H¥$îUdU©H$m Ad^mgZ hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡. gr.Or.å yba²VWm ‘mE éS>moë’²$ H$hVo h¢ {H$-

""Light is the only source of color in the world. Theripest tomato, the most spectacular peacock, the gaudiestclown's costume{all are merely reflectors, absorbersand transmitters of one or more colors that make uplight. Without it, not even the faintest color exists...This is not an easy concept to accept because colorseems an inherent part of everything man sees... If lightis only source of color, how does nature achieve it'sendlessly divert palette, and how does man get theremarkable effects he does with color‹? The answer tothese questions lie in the nature of and interrelatioshipof three elements‹:‹light, the source of color; the materialand it's response to color; and the eye, the perceiver ofcolor.'' (bmB©Q²> E§S²> drµOZ² n¥.97).

`m| BZ g^r a§Jm|H$s Va§Jm|Ho$ EH$ gmW ZoÌnQ>b‘| à{dï> hmoZona ídoVdU©J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BZ‘|go {H$gr bå~mB©H$s H$moB© ^r Va§J O~ Ñ{ï>nQ>b VH$nhþ§M Zht nmVr Vmo dhm§ H¥$îUdU© J¥hrV hmo OmVm h¡.

Eogr pñW{V‘| Ohm§ V‘g² J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ dhm§ dñVwV… àH$meH$m A^md ZhtàË wV g‘yMm àH$me dhm§ AÝV…emo{fV ahVm h¡. AVEd AÝ`mÝ` àH$meVa§Jm|Ho$‘Ü`‘| Bg ídoVàH$me-MjwJ«m©h² gd©{dY àH$meVa§Jm|Ho$ g‘mhma-H$m AÝV…emofUH¥$îUdUm©Ë‘Zm J¥hrV hmoVm h¡. O~{H$ H¥$îUdU© Ohm§ ^m{gV hmo ahm hmo CgHo$MVw{X©H²$ AÝ`mÝ` àH$meVa§Jm|H$m ^r namdV©Z VWm Ñ{ï>nQ>b VH$ AÝV…àdoe`{X gånÝZ Zht hmo nmVm V~ dhm§ V‘g² `m AÝYH$ma ^m{gV hmoZo bJVm h¡.{H$gr dñVwVbna àH$meVa§Jm|Ho$ àjonU `m g§ moJ Ho$ ~mX Cg dñVwVb Ûmam

129 130

àH$meH$m AÝV…emofU hmoZona àH$meVa§Jm|H$m A^md(=AgÎd) K{Q>V hmoOmVm h¡ {H$ {Vamo md(gÎd hmoZona ^r AZw dmJmoMaVm `m gÎd hmoZona {ZOAW©{H«$`mH$s AH$m[aVm) `h Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$ ‘V VWm dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ ~rM{ddmXJ«ñV {df` hmo gH$Vm h¡. C^` Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$ VWm dmëb^ doXmÝV H$mo,{H$ÝVw, A{^‘V àH$meg§ wŠV dñVwHo$ gmW Mjwg§ moJHo$ gånÝZ hmoZona dñVwHo$Mmjwf àË`jH$s à{H«$`m AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$mo ‘mÝ` Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ AmYw{ZH${dkmZ MjwH$mo àmß`H$mar Zht ‘mZVm. àË wV dñVwHo$ gmW àH$meg§ moJ gånÝZhmoZona dñVwÛmam Ademo{fV àH$meVa§Jm|Ho$ Abmdm {OZ àH$meVa§Jm|H$m dñVwVbÛmam à{VjonU hmoVm h¡ do namd¥V hmo H$a h‘mar Mjw‘| à{dï> hmo H$a dñVwH$mMmjwf àË`j àH$Q> H$aVr h¢. `h àË`j{gÕV`m gd©Wm {Z{d©dmX {gÕ A~‘mZm OmZm Mm{h o. Eogr pñW{V‘| nyd©{Zê${nV à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma {H$gr dñVwHo$H¥$îUdU©H$m Mmjwf AZw d VWm V‘g²Ho$ H¥$îUdUu hmoZoH$m Mmjwf AZw d `m|XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM gånÝZ hmoVr AZw y{Và{H«$`mAm|‘| pËH$pÄMV² nmW©Š` VWm A{YH$m§e‘|AnmW©Š` AWm©V² àH$meHo$ AnamdV©Zde ZoÌJmobH$mÝVJ©V ZoÌnQ>bmÝV…pñWVebmH$mAm|H$m AZwÔrnZ hr H¥$îUdUm}noV m¡{VH$ dñVw m AÝYH$ma H$s AZw y{VH$mOZH$ hmoVm h¡.

gr.Oo.å`yba² VWm ‘mE éS>moë’²$ H$m `h ^r H$hZm h¡ {H$ dU©MmjwfàË`jHo$ ~mao‘| à`moJm| Ûmam `h {ZYm©[aV hmo J`m h¡ {H$ bmb Am¡a hao a§Jm|H$mnmW©Š` ‘ÝXàH$me‘| ^r gå^d h¡ O~{H$ Zrbo Am¡a nrbo a§Jm|H$m nmW©Š`‘ÝXàH$me‘| OmZ nmZm CVZm gab Zht hmoVm. O~{H$ Vrd«àH$me‘| ZrbnrVdUm]H$m nmW©Š` Hw$N> A{YH$ hr àH$Q>V`m ^m{gV hmoVm h¡. d¡go {H$gr dU©naZ`Zm|H$mo AË`{YH$ Ü`mZ¡H$mJ« ~ZmZona dh Cg dU©Ho$ à{V h‘mao ‘pñVîH$H$sé{MH$mo jrU ~Zm XoVm h¡. Am¡a dhm§ Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVm dU© `m Vmo AmoPb hmoZobJVm h¡ `m {’$a {gboQ>r (ídoVí`m‘{‘lUOÝ`=gray) dU©H$m hr Am^mgàH$Q> hmoZo bJ OmVm h¡. `Ú{n àñVwV AmboIH$maH$mo Eogr AZw y{V hmoVr Zhth¡ naÝVw gr.Oo.å yba² VWm ‘mE éS>moë’²$ H$m `h ^r H$hZm h¡ {H$ AVEd JhZAÝYH$ma‘| h‘mar Ñ{ï> KZm {gboQ>r a§J hr XoI nmVr h¡ H¥$îUdU© Zht Š`m|{H$H¥$îUdU© `m Vmo AÝ` dUm]Ho$ gmhM © `m CZHo$ AZwdV©Z Ho$ ê$n‘| hr AZw yVhmoVm h¡. AV… BZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ""For black does not exist except asa sensation that accompanies or follows other colors; the lighter

those colors are, the the deeper the black that will appear. Blackis blackest in contrast to white'' (bmB©Q²> E§S> drµOZ² n¥.136).

‘yb‘| ^maVr` dUm©Zw y{VH$s ar{V‘| Z Vmo Zrbo Am¡a H$mbo a§Jm|Ho$ ~rMeãXmÝVam|H$s H$moB© ì`dñWm h¡ Am¡a Zht dUm}Ho$ oXmon oXm|Ho$ hr ~hþV gwì`dpñWVZm‘H$aU {H$ o J o CnbãY hmoVo h¢. n[aUm‘V`m ""Z gmo@pñV àË``mo bmoHo$ `…eãXmZwJ‘mX² F$Vo'' Ho$ {Z`‘mZwgma dU©Mmjwf àË`j‘| r Wmo‹S>r-~hþV Ag‘ÄOgVmh‘mar AZw y{V‘| PbH$Vr hr h¡; Am¡a, BgH$m àË`m»`mZ eŠ` Zht `h h‘XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ BÝÐZrb ‘{UH$s Zr{b‘m, JJZH$s Zr{b‘m, {namoOm ‘{UH$sZr{b‘m, V‘mbd¥jH$s Zr{b‘m, Zrb KQ>H$s Zr{b‘m, JO-‘{hf-H$mH$m{Xàm{UAm|H$s Zr{b‘m, AÝYH$maH$s Zr{b‘m Am{X AZoH$ dUm]Ho$ Am^mgm|Ho$ {b oEH$ hr "Zr{b‘m' eãX à wŠV hmoVm hþdm h‘ nmVo h¢

{H$gr ^r gyaV‘| BVZm Vmo ñnï> hr h¡ {H$ Photon àH$meH$Um|Ho$ A§eV `mgdmªe ‘| AdemofU hmo OmZoH$s gyMZm Z¥Mjw H¥$îUdU©Ho$ Am^mgZ Ûmam XoVr h¡.EVmdVm AÝ`mÝ` Va§Jm|H$m ^r AdemofU hþdm ‘mZ Zht boZm Mm{h o. A~ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$J² Vmo `hm§ VH$ à{VnmXZ H$aZo CÚV hþdo h¢ {H$ AÝV[aj‘|AdpñWV AmgÝZmË‘{db` "H¥$îUJVm©'»` Black Holes {nÊS> ^r gdm©Ë‘Zmgd©{dY Va§Jm|H$m AÝV…emofU Zht H$aVo h¢.

ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$J² H$hVo h¢- ""The idea of radiation from black holes was the

first example of a prediction that depended in an essentialway on both the great theories of this century, generalrelativity and quantum mechanics... However, in theend most people... have come to conclusion that blackholes must radiate like hot bodies, if our other ideas ofgeneral relativity and quantum mechanics are correct.Thus even though we have not yet managed to find aprimordial black hole, there is fairly general agreementthat if we did, it would be emitting a lot of gamma raysand X rays.''

131 132

(A ~«r’$ {hñQ>ar Am°’$ Q>mB©‘² n¥.119).

`h EH$ {dñ‘`OZH$ gmå` h¡ {H$ doXmÝV VWm gm§»` {gÕmÝVm|H$moA{^‘V CËn{Îm-pñW{V-b`Ho$ {Z`m‘H$ aOñgÎdV‘mo JwUm|Ho$ aŠV ídoV VWmH¥$îU dUm]H$m {Zê$nU AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ ^r àH$mamÝVago ñdrH$maVm h¡. ‘ybV…{Zhm[aH$mAm|‘| {~Iar hþ r Jog Am¡a aoUw Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ‘oKm|‘| O~ H$ht AmÝV[aH$nañnamH$f©UdemV² EH${ÌV hmo H$a g§{npÊS>V hmoZoH$s à{H«$`m ewé hmoVr h¡ V~AmH$mer` {nÊS>m| `m VmamAm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡. AV… CZ Vmam{nÊS>m|Ho$ Ho$ÝБ|hm`S´>m°µOZ² Jog²Ho$ H$U {ng-{ng H$a hr{b`‘² Jog²‘| ê$nmÝV[aV hmoZo bJVo h¢.CZ {nÊS>m|H$s `h AdñWm H$ar~ Xg Id© dfm] VH$ MbVr ~Vm`r OmVr h¡.h‘mam gy ©, AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma, A^r Bgr AdñWm‘| hr dV©‘mZ h¡.naÝVw O~ gmam hm`S´>m°µOZ² Ob OmVm h¡ V~ dh àÁdbZerb Vmam{nÊS> {damQ>M‘H$sbo apŠV‘ {nÊS>H$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVm h¡. dhr eZ¡…-eZ¡… jrU hmo H$aídoV dm‘Z {nÊS> ~Z OmZona AÝV‘| W§S>m n‹S> H$a VWm {gHw$‹S> H$a amIHo$ EH$H¥$îUdUu dm‘Z JmobmHo$ ê$n‘| eof ah OmVm h¡. naÝVw A{YH$ Ðì` wŠV {nÊS>ídoV dm‘Z AdñWm àmßV H$aZogo nyd© hr AmÝV[aH$ {dñ’$moQ> Ûmam AË`{YH$KZr yV Ý yQ´>m°Z² Vmam ~Z OmVo h¢. Am¡a V~ BZHo$ ^rVa àË`mn{ÎmH$s à{H«$`mAmaãY hmoZo bJVr h¡. `h ~hþV Hw$N> Cgr VahH$s hmoVr h¡ O¡gr {H$gw~mbmon{ZfX²Ho$-

""gmo AÝVo d¡ídmZamo ^yËdm gÝX½Üdm gdm©{U ^yVm{Z,n¥{Wdr Aßgw àbr`Vo, Amn… VoO{g àbr`ÝVo, VoOmo dm`m¡{dbr`Vo, dm`w… AmH$meo, AmH$me‘² BpÝÐ`ofw, BpÝÐ`m{UVÝ‘mÌofw, VÝ‘mÌm{U yVmXm¡ {dbr`ÝVo, yVm{X… ‘h{V, ‘hmZ²Aì`ŠVo, Aì`ŠV‘² Ajao, Aja§ V‘{g, V‘… nao Xodo EH$s^d{V.nañVmX² Z gV² Z AgX² Z gXgX² BË oVX² {Zdm©UmZwemgZ‘² B{VdoXmZwemgZ‘² B{V''.

(gw~m.Cn.2) -dMZ‘| ~«÷Ho$ ~mao‘| {Zê${nV hþ r h¡. Am¡a V~ Bgo "H¥$îUJV©' Black Hole

H$hm OmVm h¡. AÝVa Bg H¥$îUJV©Ho$ V‘g² Am¡a ~«÷H$s `moJ{ZÐmê$n V‘g² Ho$

~rM BVZm hr h¡ {H$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| H¥$îUJV© Vmo AZoH$mZoH$ gå^d h¢. àË`mnÎ`ml`~«÷, {H$ÝVw, EH$‘odm{ÛVr` hmoZogo CgHo$ Am{YX¡{dH$ V‘g²Ho$ ~mha Hw$N> ^reof ~M Zht gH$Vm.

Bg ‘wÔoH$mo Cng§öV H$aZogo nhbo ZmgmHo$ yVnyd© à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$ H$mb©²goJmZ²H$s EH$ CpŠV XmohamZm Mmhÿ§Jm-

""The Hindu religion is the only one of the world'sgreat faiths dedicated to the idea that the Cosmos itselfundergoes an immense, indeed an infinite, number ofdeaths and rebirths. It is the only religion in which thetime scales correspond, no doubt by accident, to thoseof modern scientific cosmology. It's cycle run from ourordinary day and night to the day and night of Brahma,8.64 billion years long, longer than the age of Earth orSun and about half the time of since the Big Bang. Andthere are much longer time scale still'' (H$m°ñ‘mog² n¥.258).

AV… Bg H¥$îUJV©ê$n Am{Y^m¡{VH$ V‘g²H$s ~«m{÷H$ Abm¡{H$H$ V‘g²Ho$gmW H$moB© VwbZm AÝ`Wm eŠ` Zht {gdm` {H$ àË`mn{Îm Am¡a nwZ… ZyVZì`wÀMaU Ho$ (Ðï>. : ""`Wm A½Zo… jwÐm… {dñ’w${b“m… ì`wÀMapÝV Ed‘odAñ‘mX² AmË‘Z… gd}... bmoH$m…... ì wÀMapÝV'' ~¥h.Cn.2&1&20). AmYw{ZH${dkmZ‘| ^r Bgo ì wÀMaU Am¡a àË`mn{Îm H$m MH«$ ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… g‘yMolm¡V {MÝVZH$s ì`m»`m AmYw{ZH$ eãXmdbr‘| H$aZr hmo Vmo Z Vmo AnZo `hm§"{~J ~|J {WAar' h¡ Am¡a Z "EŠñnm§qS>J² w{Zdg©² {WAar' hr. Š`m|{H$ lm¡V{MÝVZ Vmo "nëgoQ²> {WAar'H$mo AnZm H$a Mbm h¡. AVEd Z Bg `moJ{ZÐmê$nAm{YX¡{dH$ V‘g²H$m, Z ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mgo OÝ` AmÜ`mpË‘H$ V‘g²H$m; Am¡aZ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ V‘g²H$m hr EH$mpÝVH$ m AmË`pÝVH$ {ZagZ dmëb^ doXmÝVH$moA{^‘V à{H«$`m h¡. hm§, MH«$mÝV…nm{V Amno{jH$ {ZagZ hr Cn{ZfX² ^JdX²JrVmAm¡a nwamUm|Ho$ AmYmana {gÕ hmoVm hmoZogo dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡.EVmdVm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr {deof MH«$mÝV…nm{VV`m V‘g²H$m {ZagZeŠ` hmoZona r dh AmË`pÝVH$ {ZagZ Z hmoZogo V‘g² r ~«÷H$s Vah ñdê$nVmo

133 134

{ZË` AWm©V² {ZË`{gÕ Z hmoZona r àdmhVmo {ZË` AWm©V² Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdembrhmoZogo H$WpÄMV² Vmo {ZË` hmoVm hr h¡.

ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²‘| EH$ AVrd ldUr` CX²Kmof h‘| `h {‘bVm h¡ {H$""H$mb… ñd^mdmo {Z`{V… `ÑÀN>m yVm{Z `mo{Z… nwéf… B{V, {MÝË`m…,g§`moJ… Efm§ ZVw AmË‘^mdmX² AmË‘m{n AZre… gwIXw…IhoVmo…. VoÜ`mZ`moJmZwJVm… Aní`Z² XodmË‘epŠV§ ñdJwU¡… {ZJyT>m§, `… H$maUm{Z{ZpIbm{Z Vm{Z H$mbmË‘ wŠVm{Z A{Y{Vð>{V EH$….'' (ídoVm.Cn.1&2-3) AWm©V² H$mb, ñd^md, {Z`{V, `ÑÀN>m, ñWybV`m ì`ŠV nmÄM^m¡{VH$Ðì`, Aì`ŠV àH¥${V, nwéf; AWdm, BZH$m nañna g§ moJ, BZ‘| {H$grH$m ^rAñdrH$ma {H$ o {~Zm BZ g^rH$mo {H$gr naXodVmH$s AmË‘epŠV Ûmam A{Y{ð>V‘mZ J`m h¡. EH$ Eogm XodVm {H$ Omo ñd §H$mo ñd §Ho$ JwUm| Ûmam {ZJy‹T> aIVm h¡.`h EH$ Cn{ZfX{^‘V à{H«$`m h¡. R>rH$ Bgr Vah AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$m|‘| ^rg^r nXmWm] Am¡a à{H«$`mAm| Ho$ EH$sH$aU Ûmam {H$gr EH$ à‘o H$mo ImoO A~Omoa nH$‹S>Vr Om ahr h¡.

AVEd {d{dY Va§Jm|Ho$ EH$sH$aUH$s à{H«$`mgo CËgm{hV hmo H$a ‘hm-EH$sH$aUH$s à{H«$`mH$s ImoO‘| AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ ^r OwQ>o hþdo h¢. Bg {df`‘|ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$J²Ho$ Hw$N> CX²Jmam|H$mo CÕ¥V H$aZoHo$ bmo H$m g§daU eŠ` Z hmoZogoH$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm-

""The success of the unification of the electromagneticand weak nuclear forces led to a number of of attemptsto combine these two forces with the strong nuclearforce into what is called a grand unified theory (orGUT)''(p.79).

""GUTs allow quarks to change into antielectron athigh energy. The also allow the reverse process,antiquarks turning into elctrons and antielectrons intoantiquarks and quarks'' (p.82).

""The uncertainty principle is a fundamental featureof the universe we live in. A successful unified theory

must therefore neccessarily incorporate this principle.''(p.164).

""But can there really be such a unified theory‹?Or are we perhaps just chasing a mirage‹? There seemsto be three possibilities‹:‹1.There really is a completeunified theory, which we will someday discover if weare smart enough. 2.There is no ultimate theory ofuniverse, just an infinite sequence of theories thatdescribe the universe more and more accurately. 3.Thereis no theory of the universe; events cannot be predictedbeyond a certain extent but occur in a random andarbitrary manner.'' (P.176).

""However, if we do discover a complete theory, itshould in time be undrestandable in broad principle byeveryone, not just a few scientists. Then we shall all,philosophers, scientists, and just ordinary people, beable to take part in the discussion of the question ofwhy it is that we and the universe exist. If we find theanswer to that, it would be the ultimate triumph ofhuman reason‹{‹for then we would know the mind ofGod.''(p.185).

h‘Zo XoIm {H$ H¡$go Cn{ZfX² AZoH$ H$maUm|H$mo EH$ ~«÷Ho$ ê$n‘| EH$sH¥$V~Zm H$a AÛ¡VH$s à{H«$`m àñVwV H$aVo h¢. Cn{ZfXm|‘| h‘o `h ^r XoIZoH$mo{‘bVm h¡ {H$ H¡$go EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«÷ hr àH$Q>màH$Q> dmÀ`mdmÀ` {dkmZ-A{dkmZ gË`-AZ¥V ‘yVm©‘yV© ì`ŠVmì`ŠV gmYma-{ZamYma ‘Ë`m©‘¥V pñWampñWahr Zht àË`wV Á`mo{V-V‘g² ê$nmË‘Zm ^r ê$nmÝV[aV hmoVm h¡. ñd`§ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²‘| hr `h ñnï>rH$aU ^r h‘ nmVo h¢ {H$ `ÑÀN>m AWm©V²princple of uncertainty ^r ~«÷H$s {H$gr epŠV{deofH$m hr EH$ AZw mdh¡. ~«÷mÊS>H$s gånyU© ì`m»`mHo$ {b o àd¥Îm hmoZodmbo {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r OmoVrZ VahH$s CËàojm ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$J² H$aVo h¢, CgHo$ gÝX^©‘| Vmo ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$ `o CX²Jma hr XmohamZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$ ""gd©dmXmZdga§ZmZmdmXmZwam o{Y VX² AZÝV‘y{V © VX² ~ «÷ Hy$Q >ñW§ Mb‘od M{déÕgd©Y‘m©Um‘² Aml`§ `wŠË`JmoMa‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&70-71). ahmApÝV‘ ‘wÔm {H$ Š`m| h‘mam ApñVËd h¡ Am¡a Š`m| Bg ~«÷mÊS>H$m ApñVËd h¡?Bg àíZHo$ CÎmaV`m V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""AgÝZod g ^d{V AgX² ~«÷ B{V

135 136

doX MoX² ApñV ~«÷ B{V MoX² doX gÝV‘² EZ§ VVmo {dXw… B{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6)dMZ hr A{dñ‘V©ì` bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ Omo gå^m{dV VWm AZw yV g^rnXmWm]H$m EH$sH¥$V ‘hmnXmW© (Ðï>. : ""nao Aì` o gd} EH$s^dpÝV'' :‘wÊS>.Cn.3&2&7) hmo Cgo AñdrH¥$V H$aZm ñd § AnZo-AmnH$m AñdrH$ma h¡.

`m| Am{Y^m¡{VH$ àH$me{VamoYmZde àH$Q> hmoVm V‘g² `{X àH$mem^mdê$nZ hmo Vmo; Am¡a, dh ~«÷H$s hr Vah ñdê$nVmo {ZË`{gÕ Z hmoZona ^r àdmhV`mVmo {ZË` hr hmo Vmo, CgH$s ñdà{VnÝZmonm{Y‘| Ì¡H$m{bH$s {ZfoYà{V`mo{JVm ^r{gÕ Zht hmo nm oJr. Eogr pñW{V‘| ""F$Vo AWª `V² àVr oV Z àVr oV MAmË‘{Z VX² {dÚmX² AmË‘Zmo ‘m`m§ Wm Am^mgmo Wm V‘…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&33)Bg dMZH$s Š`m g§J{V? Š`m|{H$ àH$meH$m {Vamo md h‘mar MoVZm‘| hmoVrAZw y{V‘| àH$Q> Zht hmoVm Am¡a V‘g² Vmo Omo àH$Q>V`m AZw yV hmoVm hr h¡,CgH$s AZw^y`‘mZ ~mh²` AW©V`m gÎmm {gÕ ^r Zht hmoVr. Bg àíZHo$g‘mYmZmW©, A~, V‘g²H$m EH$ AgV² naÝVw ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m Ûmam àX{e©V ê$n^r nwañH$aUr` ~ZVm h¡. VXW© {ZîH$f©V`m ‘yb {df`na bmoQ>ZoH$mo gmW hr gmWJmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘{da{MV AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V AÝYH$madmXH$s ^rg§J{V {dMmaZoH$mo A~ CÚV hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡.

(5.‘m{`H$ V‘g²H$m ñdê$n)lm¡VgÝX © : ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m Ûmam àX{e©V AgV² V‘g²H$m ñdê$n :

""‘m``m AÝ`{Xd g dm Ef AmË‘m. naEd EfEd gd©‘².VWm{h àmko g¡fm A{dÚm OJV² gd©‘². AmË‘m na‘mË‘¡dñdàH$memo@{n A{df`kmZËdmX² OmZÝZod {h AÌ Z {dOmZm{V.AZw yVo… ‘m`m M V‘moê$nm. AZw yVo… VXoVX² OS§> ‘mohmË‘H$‘² AZÝV§VwÀN>‘² BX§ ê$n‘² Añ`, Añ` ì`pÄOH$m {ZË`{Zd¥Îmm{n ‘yT>¡…AmË‘od Ñï>m. Añ` gÎd‘² AgÎd§ M Xe©`{V{gÕËdm{gÕËdmä`m § ñdVÝÌmñdVÝÌËdoZ g¡fmdQ>~rOgm‘mÝ`dX² AZoH$dQ>epŠV… EH¡$d. VÚWmdQ>~rOgm‘mÝ`‘² EH$‘² AZoH$mZ² ñdmì`{V[aŠVmZ² dQ>mZ² ~rOmZ²CËnmÚ VÌ-VÌ nyUª gV² {Vð>{V Ed‘od Efm ‘m`m

ñdmì`{V[aŠVm{Z n[anyUm©{Z joÌm{U Xe©{`Ëdm Ordoem¡Am^mgoZ H$amo{V. ‘m`m M A{dÚm M ñd`‘od ^d{V.''

(Z¥qg.CÎm.Vmn.Cn.9).

`hm§ `hr ~mV ‘w»`V`m AdYo h¡ {H$ Bg bmoH$g¥{ï>go n¥WH²$ Hw$N> {Xì`Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© Eogo ^r ~«÷‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ {H$ {OZ‘| ~«÷Ho$ gpÀMXmZÝXñdê$nH$m AZwJ‘ àH$Q>V`m emñÌ{Z{X©ï> h¡. Hw$N> bm¡{H$H$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© Eogo^r ~«÷‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ {H$ {OZ‘| gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ Ho$db gX§eH$m hrAZwJ‘ àË`j{gÕ, lw{V{gÕ (Ðï>. : ""gÝ‘ybm…, gmoå`, B‘m… gdm©… àOm…gXm`VZm… gËà{Vð>m…'', ""Z¡d dmMm Z ‘Zgm àmßVw§ eŠ`mo Z Mjwfm"ApñV' B{V ~« wdVm o AÝ`Ì H$W§ VX² Cnbä`Vo''-N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&6,H$R>mon.2&3&12) VWm ~«÷km{Z`m|Ho$ ~«÷gmjmËH$ma Ûmam ^r{Zê${nV hmoVm nm`m OmVm h¡. naÝVw Z Ho$db lw{VdMZm|‘| A{nVw CpëbpIV^mJdVnwamUHo$ dMZm|‘| ^r Hw$N> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}‘| ~«÷H$m gX§e ^r Z VmoCnmXmZH$maU ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a Z CZH$s bm¡{H$H$ AZw y{V`m|Ho$ ~bna ^r {H$grVahH$m gÎd dhm§ m{gV hmoVm h¡. Bg brbmÌ¡{dÜ`H$mo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU`m| XagmVo h¢ ""Z‘mo ^JdVo Vñ‘¡ H¥$îUm` AX² wVH$‘©Uo 1ê$nZm‘{d oXoZ `…H«$sS>{V 2ê$nZm‘{d oXoZ `mo OJX² ( yËdm) H«$sS>{V 3ê$nZm‘{d oXoZ `VmoOJV² (H«$sS>{V)-B{V H«$sS>m`m§ ñdmVÝÍ`‘² CŠV§, {Zb}nËdm` EVmÑe§ OJX²`V… B{V'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&1). AV… Hw$N> Zm‘ ê$n VWm H$‘© Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢ Omo~«÷H$s Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmH$maUVmHo$ de àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| ~«÷H$m ñdê$n ZhtHo$db ì`m‘mohH$ gm‘Ï © hr PbH$Vm h¡. Bg gm‘Ï ©H$mo hr dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m ‘mZm J`m h¡. V‘g² h‘| {H$gr àH$me{deofHo$ {Vamo mdHo$ê$n‘| PbH$Vm {XIbm`r Zht XoVm àË wV ""Zrb§ V‘… Mb{V'' m| MbZH$‘© wŠV,Zrbê$n wŠV VWm "V‘mo'ZmåZm A{^{hV EH$ {dbjU nXmW©Ho$ ê$n‘| MmjwfAZw y{VH$m JmoMa ~ZVm h¡. Bgo hr ""F$Vo AWª `V² àVr oV Z àVr oV MAmË‘{Z VX² {dÚmX² AmË‘Zmo ‘m`m§ Wm Am^mgmo Wm V‘…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&33)dMZ‘| ~mh² mW©{dhrZ {‘Ï`m AZw y{VHo$ CXmhaUV`m ‘mZm J`m h¡. AVEd‘hmà w H$hVo h¢-

137 138

"" "VX² {dÚmX² AmË‘Zmo ‘m`m‘²' B{V `ñ‘mV² H$maUmV²A{dÚ‘mZ‘od ~moY`{V {dÚ‘mZ§ M Z ~moY`{V Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²Vm§ ‘m`m‘od {dÚmV². Z{h {df`… Mjw… dm {Z`Vñd^md‘²AÝ`WmàVr{VhoV w… ^d{V... ZZw ‘m`m`m… H$W‘² Ed§nXmW©OZH$Ëd§ ì`m‘mohOZH$Ëd‘od Vñ`m… ZM {df`m{V[aŠVm{df`Vm Šd{MX² CnbãYm B{V Ame§Š` Amh "`Wm V‘…' B{V.`Wm AÝYH$ma… nXmW©… VoOmo@^mdo* OÝ`Vo. `Ì¡d VoOmo@^md…VÌ¡d AÝYH$ma§ OZ`{V ‘m`m. B`‘od ì`m‘mo{hH$m. AVEd{Xdm^rVmZ² à{V Z AÝYH$ma§ OZ`{V. VoVw VoOmo@^md‘odJ¥ôUpÝV. Vofm§ Ñï>o… H$mo‘bËdmV² ~bdÎmoOmo Ñ{ï>à{V~ÝYH§$^d{V. VX^mdo gwIoZ {df`mZ² J¥ôUpÝV... "`Wm {h ^mZmo…CX`mo Z¥Mjwfm‘²' B{V dmŠ o Mjw…gå~pÝYZEd V‘gmo ZmeH$Ëd§ZVw ñd^mdV… {H$pÄMV² V‘mo AÝ`Wm ñne}Zm{n kmZo VV²à{V~ÝYH§$ ñ`mV²; ñne}Z dm VX² J¥h² oV''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&33).

`hm§ ‘hmà^wH$mo "A^md'nXH$m Omo AW© A{^àoV h¡ CgH$m CZHo$ hreãXm |‘ |-""A^mdmñVw Añ‘Ý‘Vo {Vam o^mdm{V[aŠVm… Z ^dpÝV''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&32) AZwgÝYmZ H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm. EVmdVm `h ’${bVhþdm {H$ JdËàH${Q>V Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Am{YX¡{dH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$à^oXm|H$s Vah EH$ à^oX ‘m{`H$ ^r dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡,emñÌdMZm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AZwamoYde hr.

g§jon‘| nwZ… VoOmoÐì`H$m {Vamo md V‘g²H$m EH$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ê$n h¡ OmodmñV{dH$ hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah VoOmoÐì`Ho$ {Vamo^mdde h‘mar ~w{Õ‘|, `mAmYw{ZH$ eãXmdbr‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo ‘pñVîH$‘|, {df`dñVw{dhrZ K{Q>V hmoVràVr{V ^r V‘g²H$m EH$ ‘m{`H$ ê$n hmoVm h¡. Bgo V‘g²H$mo AgV² ‘mZm J`m h¡.^mJdVnwamUJV ""N>m`màË`môd`m^mgm… {h AgÝVmo@{n AW©H$m[aU…''(^mJ.nwam.11&28&5) dMZHo$ AmYmana. Bg Am¡a Eogo AÝ` ^r AZoH$ì`m‘mohH$‘m`md^m{gV nXmWm]H$s Z Ho$db àVr{V^mñ`Vm A{nVw AgV² hmoZona^r AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` aIr J`r h¡.

AVEd AÛ¡V{g{Õ‘| {Zê${nV nÄM{dY {‘Ï`mËd‘| go Bg V‘g² Am¡a EogoAÝ` r ì`m‘mohH$‘m`màX{e©V nXmWm]Ho$ {‘Ï`mËdHo$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| h ñnï>rH$aUA~ Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ 1"gXgX²d¡bjÊ`', 2"ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡Ì¡H${bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JËd', 3"kmZ{ZdË ©Ëd', 4"ñdml`{Zð>mË`ÝVm^mdà{V`mo{JËd'AWdm 5"gX²{d{dŠVËd' ‘|go {ÛVr` VWm nÄM‘ bjUmZwê$n {‘Ï`mËd BZ‘m{`H$ nXmWm]H$m A“rH$ma H$aZo‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ^r H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$H$Wm Zht bJVr.

naÝVw O¡gm {H$ nhbo H$hm Om MwH$m h¡, V¥Vr` H$mo{Q> ‘mÝ` Z hmoZogo,Ad{eï> 1"gXgX²d¡bjÊ`'ê$n {‘Ï`mËd dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ñdrH$aUr` Zht.3"kmZ{ZdË ©Ëd'ê$n {‘Ï`mËd dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo Bg {b o AñdrH$aUr` bJoJm{H$ ~«÷kmZHo$ àH$Q> hmoZona OmJ{VH$ Û¡V {Zd¥Îm Zht hmoVm naÝVw Bg^Jd{XÀN>màH${Q>V Û¡V `m AZoH$Vm ‘| ~«÷¡Š`Ho$ à{V^mgZdemV² ""gdª IbwBX§ ~«÷'', "EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gd©‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1, 6&12&7) dMZmoŠVCnmgZm Z Ho$db ’$bdVr A{nVw à‘m{nVm ^r ~Z OmVr h¡. AV… Am{YX¡{dH$AmÜ`mpË‘H$ m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ àH$maHo$ V‘g² r ~m{YV hmoZoHo$ ~Om` ~«÷mË‘H$V`mAd^m{gV hmoZo bJVo h¢. AVEd 4"ñdml`{Zð>mË`ÝVm^mdà{V`mo{JËd' bjUHo$~mao‘| ^r `h AdYo hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ "ñd'nXdmÀ` {‘Ï`m V‘g²H$mo AgV² ‘mZmOmVm hmoZogo ñd § CgHo$ AgV² hmoZoHo$ H$maU CgH$m H$moB© Aml` ^r dñVwV… Vmohmo Zht gH$Vm. `h Vmo ~mh² OJV²H$m H$moB© nXmW© Z hmo H$a h‘mao AmÝV[aH$OJV² `m Ho$db ~w{Õ‘| ^m{gV hmoVm nXmW© h¡. AV… ~m¡{ÕH$ àË``Ho$ ê$n‘| dhdñVwV… ~w{Õ‘| àH$Q> hþdm hmoZona r Wmñdê$n AnZo ~mh² mbå~ZHo$ {dahdemV²AgV² ‘mZm J`m h¡.

2"ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡ Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JËd'ê$n {‘Ï`mËdHo$ ~mao‘| BZXmoZm| doXmÝVm|Ho$ ~rM ‘V oX Ohm§ Ohm§ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡, Cgo AÛ¡V{g{ÕH$maHo$eãXm|‘| naIZm hmo Vmo ""gd©Ì Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JËd§ `Ú{nVwÀN>m{Zdm©À``mo… gmYmaU§ VWm{n "Šd{MX{n CnmYm¡ gÎdoZ àVrË`Zh©Ëd‘²AË`ÝVmgÎd§' VÀM ewpŠVê$ß`o ànÄMo M ~mYmV² nydª ZmñË`odo{V Z

139 140

VwÀN>Vmn{Îm…'' (AÛ¡.{g.1&{ÛVr`{‘Ï`mËd{ZépŠV) `h {dYmZ AZwgÝYo h¡.`hm§ dmëb^ doXmÝV `hr H$hZm MmhoJm {H$ àm{V^m{gH$ V‘mo@d^mgZ `mewpŠVaOVmd^mgZ; AWdm, ì`mdhm[aH$ ~mh² KQ>nQ>m{X dñVwànÄM `m| H$ht^r Ohm§ {Zénm{YH$ ^«mpÝV hmoVr h¡ dht kmZ~mÜ`Vm hmoVr h¡. O¡gm {H$ewpŠVaOV Am¡a ñdßZ Ho$ CXmhaUm|‘| naIm Om gH$Vm h¡. naÝVw gmonm{YH$«mpÝVHo$ CXmhaUm|‘|, `Wm ""nrV… e§I…'' ""Zrb§ JJZ‘²'' ""Zrb§ V‘… Mb{V''

`m ""‘é‘ar{MH$m`m§ Ob‘²'' AWdm XohmË‘gå~ÝY ‘| ^r `Wm`W Cnm{YAm|Ho${db` {~Zm Am¡nm{YH$ «mpÝV {Zd¥Îm Zht hmo nmVr. AV… g^r {‘Ï`md^m{gVnXmW© kmZ{ZdË © Zht hmoVo. AV… {‘Ï`mËdH$m `h bjU Bg ‘m{`H$ V‘g²Ho$~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ñd § AnZo A{^àoVmW©‘| Amn{ÎmOZH$ Zht bJVm. BgrVah 5"gX²{d{dŠVËd'ê$n {‘Ï`mËd ^r ñdrH$maZo‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo H$moB©Amn{ÎmOZH$ H$Wm Zht bJVr, JrVmoŠV ""Z AgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo Z A^mdmo{dÚVo'' (2&16){Z`‘Ho$ gmW AnZr Ñ‹T> à{V~ÕVmHo$ de hr.

(6.Cng§hma) àñVwV {df`Ho$ Cng§hmaV`m, AV… `h Xmoham XoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ `Ú{n

AdVmadmXmdbrH$ma{da{MV AÝYH$madmX‘| V‘g²Ho$ BZ Am{YX¡{dH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$`m Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñdê$nm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> ^r Zht H$hm J`m h¡ VWm{n V‘g²Ho$ BZê$nm|H$m ñdrH$ma emñÌàm‘mÊ`Ho$ AZwamoYdemV² ‘wPo An[ahm © bJVm h¡. àñVwVAmboI AVEd AÝYH$madmXgo {déÕ Hw$N> à{VnmXZ H$aZm Zht MmhVm {’$a^rCgHo$ gmW `h ñnï>rH$aU Omo‹S>Zm Vmo Adí` MmhVm h¡. Bg‘| `{X ‘hmà wlrdëb^mMm`©MaUH$s A{^‘{Vgo Hw$N> d¡narË` hmo Vmo lr‘XmMm`©MaUlrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU Ed§ Amn g^r {dÛÁOZm|go Bg AnamYH$s j‘màmW©ZmHo$ gmW

g§Jmoð²>çwÎmaboIZ§(àW‘‘²)

lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or{da{MV AdVmadmXmdbr‘| AÝ`»`m{VdmXHo$ ~mX à{V{~å~dmXAm¡a AÝYH$madmX Ho$ n¥WH²$ à{VnmXZH$s H$moB© Anojm hmoZr Zht Mm{h o Wr,AÝ`»`m{VHo$ à{VnmXZgo CZHo$ JVmW© hmoZoHo$ H$maU. AV… `h {Okmñ` bJVmh¡ {H$ BZHo$ n¥WH²$ à{VnmXZH$m H$moB© à`moOZ{deof Vmo Adí` hr hmoZm Mm{h o?

AWm©V² Š`m à{V{~å~ Am¡a V‘g² AÝ`»`m{Vê$n «mpÝVkmZHo$ {df` ZhthmoVo? `{X hmoVo hm| Vmo AÝ`»`m{VHo$ {dMmago BZH$m {dMma JVmW© ‘mZ boZmMm{h o Wm. `{X Zht Vmo, BÝh| n¥WŠV`m ‘m{`H$ à{V^mg {gÕ H$aZoH$m VWmAdñVw ‘mZZoH$m hoVw Š`m hmo gH$Vm h¡? Š`m| BÝh| ^r nwamo@dpñWV J¥h² ‘mUdñVw yV AW©go AÝ` {H$gr dñVwH$m ‘m{`H$ à{V^mg Zht ‘mZ {b`m OmVm?Š`m| BÝh| Z Vmo A^mdê$n Am¡a Z nwamodpñWV dñVw yV AW©go {^ÝZ H$moB© AW©‘mZm J`m h¡?

BZ Ame§H$mAm|Ho$ {ZagZmW© gd©àW‘ Vmo lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU{da{MVàñWmZaËZmH$aJV àË`jkmZH$s H$aUê$n BpÝÐ`m|H$s ì`mnmaê$nm Abm¡{H$H$VWm bm¡{H$H$ àË`mg{ÎmAm|H$m {d‘e© Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡. dhm§ J«ÝWH$maZo `m|{XIbm`m h¡•

""VÌ BpÝÐ`m{U CŠVm{Z. Vofm§ ì`mnmamo {dMm`©VoàË`mg{Îmê$n…. g VmdV² bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$^oXoZ {ÛYm. VÌAbm¡{H$H$… {ÌYm : (H$)gm‘mÝ`-(I)`moJO-(J)‘m`m-^oXmV².(H$)VÌ gm‘mÝ`‘² AZwJVmH$maoU VX²ì`pŠVkmZo Cn wÁ`Vo, Vñ`VWmËd§ M AZw^d{gÕ§, (I){ÛVr`mo AZmJVmVrVmVrpÝÐ`m{X-dñVwgmjmËH$mao, ^JdX²Ü`mZmXoa{n AÌ¡d {Zdoe…, (J)V¥Vr`mVwA{dÚ‘mZmZm§ nXmWm©Zm§ ~wÕm¡ CnñWmnZo... bm¡{H$H$ñVwnÄM{dY… : (H$)g §`m oJ… (I)VmXmËå`§ (J)g§` wŠVVmXmËå`§

141 142

(K)g§`wŠV{deofUVmXmËå`§ (L>)ñdê$n§ M. VÌ Mjwfm Ðì`J«hog§`moJEd àË`mg{Îm…. Ho${MÎmw BVaopÝÐ`md¡bjÊ`mV² MjwfmoAàmß`àH$meH$m[aËd§ ñdrH¥$Ë`XyaËdì`dYmZm^mdghH¥$V`mo½`Vm‘mÌoU àVr{V{Zdm©hmV²VËg§ moJ§ Z ñdrHw$d©pÝV. AÝ oVw ZoÌopÝÐ`JmobH$ñ` ñdÀN>ËdoZ VÌdñVwZ… à{V{~å~o g{V `mo½`Vm‘mÌoU ‘m`mÛm[aH$m§ àmpßV§ñdrH¥$Ë` g§ moJñ` ÛmaËd§ IÊS> pÝV. VX² C^`{n Ag§JV§ JdVmg§ moJñdrH$mamV² ""Mjw… Ëdï>[a g§ moÁ` Ëdï>ma‘{n Mjw{f VÌ‘m§ ‘Zgm Ü`m`Z² {díd§ ní`{V XyaV…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&15&20)B{V EH$mXeo ^JdX²dmŠ`mV². AÌVÎmËà{V`m o{JH$g§`m oJÛ`{Zê$nUoZ `m o½`Vm-à{V{~å~njmZ“rH$aUmV²... à{V{~å~ñVw AXÊS>dm[aVËdmX²^d{V. VoZ ‘m`m{n àË`m`Vr{V Mjwfm ^y`mokmZ‘² CËnÚVoVoOñg§ moJ~mhþë`Bdo{V Z Vñ` JVmW©Vm... Vñ‘mX² ApñV Mjwf…g§`m oJm o Ðì`J«hUo ì`mnma…. gEd`mo½`JwU{H«$`mOm{VgmjmËH$mao@{n Cn`wÁ`Vo, Vofm§ dñVwVmoÐì`m{^ÝZËdmV². g§ wŠVVmXmËå § dm AñVw... ‘ZñVw ~{h{d©f oñdg§`moJÛmaH$… BpÝÐ`g§`moJm{X…, ñdY‘m©Um` kmZgwImXrZm§J«hUo VmXmËå §, d¥ÎmrZm§ J«hUoVw d¥{Îmñdê$n‘od Ûma‘². {Vamo mdñVwBpÝÐ`g§`wŠV{deofUV`m J¥h²`Vo.''

(àñWm.aËZm.à‘mH$a.H$bmo.Va§.V¥Vr.)

EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ n[aJ{UV àË`mg{ÎmAm|‘ogo Ho$db ‘m`mê$nmàË`mg{Îm hr H$ht nwamo@dpñWV J¥h² ‘mU dñVwgo {^ÝZ {H$gr dñVw `m dñVwY‘©H$s J«m{hH$m ~ZVr h¡ Vmo H$ht gd©Wm AgV² dñVwH$s J«m{hH$m ^r ~Z gH$Vr h¡.

AVEd g¥{ï> oXdmX‘| J«ÝWH$maZo Omo MVw{d©Y g¥{ï>Am|H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`mh¡, VXZwgma,-

""Ed§ ànÄM… gm‘mÝ`V… MVwYm© {gÕ… : 1. ~«÷U…ñdVEd gdm©H$maËdmX² ~«÷ê$nmo JwUmVrV… EH$…, 2.Ho$Zm{n lm¡VoZnm¡amUm{XZm dm H«$‘oU BÀN>`m ‘w»`eŠË`m dm {ZJ©{‘VmoAZoH${dYmo K¥VÐdËddX² ~«÷mË‘H${dH$maembr ~«÷n[aUm‘ê$nmo{ÛVr`…... 3.EVXwnXoh^yVm o ‘m`m onmXmZH$…àmH¥$V{dH$maem{bì`mdhm[aH$mo ~«÷{ddVm©Ë‘m V¥Vr`…...4.A{dÚm`m… {ZÐm{MÝVm{X^oXoZ AZoH$ËdmV² VpÝZ{‘ÎmH$…VXwnmXmZH$m o dm ewpŠVaOVñdmpßZH$m{Xê$nm oAÝV…H$aU{dH$mamË‘m ì`dhmaXwï>opÝÐ`m{XJmoMa… Vwar`…. EVm¡Ûmd{n ‘m{`H$m¡ ànÄMm¡ {df`Y‘©ËdmX² "{df`Vm'eãXoZ AÌn[a^mî oVo, ‘m{`H$Ëdo@{n {df`{Zð>V`m ^mg‘mZËdmV². `WmgÑeY‘m©… {^ÝZ{Zð>mA{n VX²JËdoZ CÀ`ÝVo, ""VX²{^ÝZËdo g{VVX²JV^y`moY‘©dÎd‘'' B{V VX²dV². AÌ AmÚm {df`Vmì`m‘mohH$‘m`mH$m`©ËdmV² ‘m`m{Zð>m{n ‘m``m {df`monXohmX²{df o àVr`VB{V ‘m`mdm{XZmo {df § ‘m{`H§$ B{V A{^‘Ý`ÝVo.~wYmñVw {Z{d©{MH$Ëgo emñÌkmZo OmVo CnXohmpË‘H$m§ {df`Vm§KQ> «‘UdV² ní`ÝVmo@{n Vm§ Ý`ŠH¥$Ë` {df § ~«÷mË‘H§$ dXpÝV.OmVgmjmËH$mam… ewH$m{XVwë`mñVw, `Wm Añ‘XmX`…à{V{~å~‘², Ed‘² A{V[aŠVm‘od {df`Vm § ní`ÝVr{VVmÑŠVmÑJ{YH$m[afw VWm-VWm dXpÝV... ewpŠVaOVm{XH§$ MAÝV…H$aUm{XJV‘od. Ordì`m‘mo{hH$`m V`m VXÝV…H$aU-~{h…H$aU`m oa od VXwËnmXZmV². {df`Xoeo àVr{VñVwg§ñH$mam{Xàm~ë`V`m ì`Ë`mgmV².''(g¥{ï>^o.dm.)

`hm§ Bg à{VnmXZ‘| ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m Ûmam OÝ` àVr{VHo$ JmoMaV`m {Og{df`VmH$m {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡ CgHo$ Xmo à^oX Vmo J«ÝWH$maZo H$ÊR>V…{Zê${nV {H$ o h¢ : 1.{df`monXoh yVm {df`Vm VWm 2.{df`md^mgmonXoh yVm{df`Vm.

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‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ `h Vmo à{VnmXZH$s EH$ {dYm hþ r. Xygar {dYm `m| ^reŠ` h¡ {H$ ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m VrZ-Mma Vahgo H$m © H$aVr h¡ : 1.{dÚ‘mZH$mAàH$meZ/AmdaU/AmÀN>mXZ/AZd^mgZ, 2.namojXoeH$mbmdpñWV dñVw `mdñVwHo$ JwUY‘©{H«$`mAm| H$m AnamojXoeH$mbmdpñWV dñVwV`m AWdm dñVwHo$JwUY‘©{H«$`mËdoZ Ad^mgZ, 3.gd©Wm AgX² dñVw AWm©V² g^r Xoe-H$mb‘|AgX² dñVwH$m gÎdoZ Ad^mgZ. Am¡a AÝV‘| 4.O¡go {H$gr EH$ {dÚ‘mZdñVwH$m {H$gr Xygar {dÚ‘mZ dñVwgo AmÀN>mXZ m AmdaU hmo OmZona AmÀN>m{XV`m Amd¥V dñVwH$s {dÚ‘mZV`m AàVr{V AWdm A{dÚ‘mZ hmoZoH$s àVr{VàH$Q> H$aVm h¡, d¡go hr JdÀN>pŠVê$nm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$m Eogm r AgmYmaUgm‘Ï © hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh AgX²dñVwHo$ Ûmam ^r gX²dñVwH$mo Amd¥V `m AmÀN>m{XVH$a nmVr h¡. Bgr Vah g§{Z{hV XoeH$mbmdpñWV dñVwH$m Ag§{Z{hVXoeH$mbmdpñWV dñVwV`m O¡go Am^mg àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ d¡go hr gd©Wm AgX²dñVwH$mAm^mg ^r àH$Q> H$a gH$Vr h¡.

EVXW© ñd § lrdëb^mMm ©MaUHo$ Ûmam AmbopIV ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo${Zê$nUH$m AdbmoH$Z hr CnH$maH$ hmoJm. VXZwgma-

""`X² dñVw ñdê$no AÝ`Wm à{V^mgVo VX² AmË‘Zm§ OrdmZm§ì`m‘mo{hH$m `m ‘m`m nydª {Zê${nVm Vñ`m… H$m ©‘². gm{h Ord§ì`m‘moh{`Ëdm VËgå~pÝYZ‘² AÝV…H$aU~wÕçm{XH$‘{nì`m‘moh`{V. V`m ì`m‘mo{hVm ~w{Õ… nXmWm©Z² AÝ`Wm ‘Ý`VoZVw nXmWm©… ^dpÝV... ‘m`m M {ÛYm «‘§ OZ`{V : 1.{dÚ‘mZ§Z àH$me{V 2.A{dÚ‘mZ§ M àH$me`{V XoeH$mbì`Ë`mgoZ.à‘mU yVmo doX… "gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷' B{V Amh ~«÷{dXm§ àVr{Va{nVWm. «mÝVàVrVoñVw AW©{Z`m‘H$Ëd‘² AÝ`Wm «‘Ô¥ï²>çm J¥hrV§OJV² ^«‘X²ê$n‘od ñ`mV². AVmo {df`o {df`Vm H$m{MV²ñdrH$V©ì`m ``m Ñ{ï>… g{df`m ñ`mV². AÝ`Wm nXmWm©Zm§pñWaËdmX² «‘Ô¥{ï>… {Z{d©f`m ñ`mV². AVmo AÝ`Ì¡d {gÕm «{‘…‘m``m nwa…pñWVo {df o g‘mZr`Vo, Ñï>çZwamo{YËdmV² Vñ`m…...{df`Vm ‘m`mOÝ`m {df`mo ^JdmZ². ‘m`m`m‘od {df`Vmê$n§

^JdV… ñdê$n§ àH${Q>V{‘{V VX{n {Z…ñd^md‘²,AmË‘epŠVËdmV² ‘m`m{n Z {Z…ñd^mdm. {MX²{dbmgËdmX² ~wÕo…na§ Vm‘od ì`m‘moh`{V `mdX² Z ~«÷^md…. gm{h ^JdXr ¡… gd£…nXmW£… {déÕçVo. Vo {h ^JdX²{df`H§$ kmZ§ OZ`pÝV. AVmo{df`VmO{ZV§ kmZ§ ^«mÝV § {df`O{ZV§ à‘mB{V''(^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&33)

EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~«÷Ñï>çm Hw$N> ^r `hm§ AgÎdoZ `mVwÀN>ËdoZ H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm hmoZona ^r ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mÛmam ‘mo{hV ~w{ÕH$sAnojmgo Hw$N> nXmW© «‘^mV Eogo hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| "AgV²' H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡.AVEd «‘kmZHo$ ñdê$nbjUV`m AÝ`»`m{V hr A^rï> hmoZona ^r CgHo$H$maUbjUV`m Omo ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m Ûmam O{ZV AkmZ Am¡a AÝ`WmkmZ hmoVoh¢ CZ‘| H$^r gXmË‘H$ dñVwAm|H$m ^mZ hmoVm h¡ Vmo H$^r Amno{jH$V`mAgËnXmWm]H$m ^mZ ^r hmoVm hr h¡. `Wm à{V{~å~V`m Ad^m{gV hmoVm nXmW©{~å~V`m AÝ`»`m{VH$m {df` hmoZona ^r Xn©UJV {~å~V`m AgV² nXmW©‘mZm-H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah AÝYH$ma ^r àH$meHo$ {Vamo yV hmoZonaZrbJwU{d{eï> MbZ{H«$`m{d{eï> O¡gm {H$ MjwJmoMa hmoVm h¡ Cgo ‘m{`H$ nXmW©hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| AgV² H$hm-‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ àH$meHo$ {Vamo mdH$mo EVmdVm‘m{`H$ `m AgV² ‘mZZm Amdí`H$ Zht.

{ZîH$f©V`m AÝ`»`m{VdmXHo$ AmYmana à{V{~å~ Ed§ AÝYH$ma H$mo ‘m{`H$Am^mg ‘mZ boZona ^«mpÝVJmoMa nXmW©V`m A{V[aŠV {Zê$nU AZmdí`H$hmoZona r, AkmZ Am¡a AÝ`WmkmZ Š`m|{H$ «mpÝVkmZH$s H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝV y©Vh¢, ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| Zht AV… BZ XmoZm| dmXm|H$s AÝ`»`m{VdmXgo AJVmW©VmH$mobú`‘| aI H$a BZH$m ñdVÝÌ ^r {Zê$nU Cn`moJr {Zê$nU hr h¡.

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&&lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…&&&&lr‘XmMm`©MaUH$‘boä`mo Z‘…&&

»`m{VdmXH$s MMm©‘| Hw$N> nwa…ñ’y${V©H${dMma{~ÝXw

(1) »`m{Vgå~ÝYr MMm©‘| gd©àW‘ Omo Xmo à‘wI Am`m‘ h‘mao gm‘Zo C^a H$a

AmVo h¢ do o h¢ :

1.^«mpÝVkmZHo$ {df`H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n Š`m h¡? Š`m«mpÝVkmZ gX²{df`moËnm{XV AZw d (An experience caused by

objective reality) ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ `m Zht? 2. «mpÝVkmZH$m ñd §H$m ñdê$n (Subjective nature) Š`m

h¡? Š`m dh AZw y{Vê$n Am¡a/AWdm ñ‘¥{Vê$n kmZ‘| {H$gr VahH$sÝ yZVm h¡ `m ì`Ë`mg h¡? AVEd Bg gÝX ©‘| `hm§ o {dH$ën ^rà‘wI {ddmXmñnX ~Z OmVo h¢ {H$ «mpÝV EH$amí`mË‘H$ kmZ (Simple

unit of Experience) h¡ m am{eÛ`mË‘H$ (Compound/Complex

unit of Experiences) h¡.

VXZwgma- 1. «mpÝVkmZH$m {df` gV² hmoVm h¡ m AgV² m gXgV² m gXgX{Zd©MZr`

AWdm MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠV eyÝ`? `h àW‘ Am`m‘JV {Okmñ` {~ÝXw ~ZVo h¢.

BgHo$ AÝVJ©V BZ nÄM{dY {dH$ënm|‘| H«$‘e… o {d^ÝZ ‘V à{gÕ h¢ :H$.am‘mZwOm|H$mo A{^àoV gË»`m{VdmX, I.~m¡Õm| VWm ‘mÜdm| H$mo A{^àoVAgË»`m{VdmX, J.gm§»`H$mo, Bgr Vah {dnarV»`m{VdmXr nyd©‘r‘m§gH$m|H$mo^r, A{^àoV gXgË»`m{VdmX, K.em §H$a d oXmpÝVAm |H$m o A{^àoV

gXgX{Zd ©MZr`»`m{VdmX VWm L >.‘mÜ`{‘H$m |H $ m o A{^à oVMVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠVeyÝ`»`m{VdmX. `m| BZ g^r {dMmaYmamAm|‘| XoIm Om gH$Vmh¡ {H$ «mpÝVkmZ{df`Ho$ gXgXm{X {dH$ënm|Ho$ ‘wÔoH$mo à‘wIV`m C^mam J`m h¡.

2.{OkmgmHo$ Xygao Am`m‘Ho$ AÝVJ©V, O~{H$, ^«mpÝVkmZHo$ {df`Ho$~Om` ñd § «mpÝVHo$ ñdê$nHo$ ‘wÔoH$mo A{YH$ {dMmaUr` ‘mZm J`m h¡. AVEdBg Am`m‘Ho$ AÝVJ©V Hw$N> à‘wI {dH$ën Bg VahHo$ gm‘Zo AmVo h¢ :H$.AmË‘»`m{VdmX, `h `moJmMmadmXr ~m¡Õm|H$mo Ed§ àË`{^kmdmXr H$mí‘rare¡d ‘VH$mo1 ^r A{^‘V à{H«$`m h¡, I.A»`m{VdmX, BgHo$ AZoH$ àH$mam|Ho$AÝVJ©V à{gÕ àH$ma àm^mH$am|H$m {ddoH$m»`m{VdmX h¡, J.AÝ`Wm»`m{VdmXAm¡a {dnarV»`m{VdmX `Wm`W Z¡ m{`H$m| Am¡a O¡Zm| Ed§ ^mÅ> ‘r‘m§gH$m| H$moA{^àoV «mpÝVkmZH$s ì`m»`mE§ h¢.

Cn w©ŠV {df`gå~ÝYr nÄM{dY »`m{VAm|H$m| BZ {df{`gå~ÝYr A»`m{VAm¡a AÝ`Wm»`m{V H$s {Û{dY à{H«$`mAm|go {ÛJw{UV H$aZo‘mÌgo Ho$db ewÕJ{UVemñÌr` gå^mdZmHo$ Vm¡ana »`m{Vgå~ÝYr {dMmaà{H«$`mHo$ Xe{dYCn^oX Vmo ghO hr gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢. CXmhaUV`m H${Vn` AKmo{fV-AàñVm{dV »`m{Và{H«$`m Hw$N> Bg Vah ^r gmoMr hr Om gH$Vr h¢ :1.gX»`m{VdmX, Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`H$ma2 Ûmam AZOmZo òmoVm|go CÕ¥V Mmdm©H$m|H$moA{^‘V à{H«$`mHo$ gÑe EH$ gå^m{dV à{H«$`m, 2.gXgX²{ddoH$m»`m{VdmXàm^mH$am |H $ m o A{^‘V J «hUñ‘aU{dd oH $ m»`m{VdmXH o $ V µO ©na,3.gXgpÝZéŠË`»`m{VdmX, em §H $a m |H $ m o A{^‘VgXgX{Zd©MZr`mÝ`Wm»`m{VdmXHo$ VµO©na, 4.AgXÝ`Wm»`m{VdmX Vmo ‘mÜdm|H$moA{^‘V A{^ZdmÝ`Wm»`m{VdmXH$m hr EH$ ghO n`m©` hmo gH$Vm h¡.5.ñdXoeH$mbmdpñWV gX²dñVwH$m AñdXoeH$mbñWV`m Ad^mgê$ngXÝ`Wm»`m{VdmX, ^mÅ> ‘t‘m§gH$m|H$s {Zê$nUe¡br‘| `h ^r Üd{ZV hmoVm hrh¡. Bgr Vah 6.ñd § AmË‘»`m{VdmXH$mo r "" o- o àË``m… Vo-Vo {Zambå~Zm…àË`ËdmV² ñdmpßZH$àË``dV²'' gyÌ3Ho$ AZwgma AmË‘oVa AgX²dñVwH$m AmË‘ËdoZAWdm AmË‘mH$m AZmË‘dñVwV`m AÝ`Wm»`mZ AgXÝ`Wm»`m{V AWdmgXÝ`Wm»`m{V H$s à{H«$`mHo$ ê$n‘| ^r {Zhmam Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg VahH$s

147 148

gå^m{dV à{H«$`mAm|H$s gyMrH$mo Am¡a A{YH$ ~‹T>mZoHo$ ~Om` {Og N>moQ>ogoVÏ`na Ü`mZmH$f©U A{^àoV h¡ dh Vmo `hr h¡ {H$ gm‘mÝ` ê${T>Ho$ AZwgmaàM{bV YmaUm {H$ »`m{VdmXHo$ ‘yb àH$ma nm§M hr hmoVo h¢4, `h ~hmoVgw{dMm[aV YmaUm Zht bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ EVX²{df`H$ {dMmaHo$ {dH$mgH«$‘‘|H$^r nm§M hm|Jo naÝVw EVmdVm nm§M hr àH$ma hmo gH$Vo h¢ Eogm gmoMm Zht OmgH$Vm. AV… «mpÝVHo$ ì`m»`m oXm|H$mo H$^r Bg Vah nÄMV`m n[aJ{UV H$aboZoH$m, Vmo H$^r A»`m{V Am¡a AÝ`Wm»`m{V ê$nr Xmo hr VahHo$ »`m{VdmXm|5Ho$gr{‘V {j{VOd¥Îm‘| »`m{VMMm©H$mo n[apÀN>ÝZ ~Zm boZoH$m H$moB© R>mog Am¡{MË`{gÕ Zht hmoVm.

BZ XmoZm| Am`m‘m|Ho$ n[aàoú`‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| «mpÝVkmZH$m A{^‘Vñdê$n {Okmñ` hmo Vmo Cgo "AÝ`»`m{V'Ho$ ê$n‘| àñVm{dV {H$`m J`m h¡.^JdX²JrVmon{Xï> ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo Zm^mdmo {dÚVo gV…''6 {gÕmÝVHo$AZwgma dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Ý`m`emñÌm{^‘V MVw{d©Y A^mdm|‘|go {H$gr ^ràH$maHo$ A^mdH$mo ‘mÝ` Zht aIm J`m h¡. AV… Mmam| hr àH$maHo$ A^mdm|H$sAZw y{VAm|H$s ì`m»`m `hm§ Am{d^m©d Ed§ {Vamo md Ho$ AmYmana hr ImoOrOmVr h¡. {ZîH$f©V`m «mpÝVkmZHo$ {df`H$m VmpÎdH$ A^md hr O~ ñdrH$m ©Zht V~ «mpÝVkmZHo$ {df`H$m AgV² hmoZm ^r ñdV… A‘mÝ` hmo OmVm h¡. EogrpñW{V‘| gXgXmË‘H$Vm gXgX{Zd©MZr`Vm `m eyÝ`Vm Vmo AàgŠV hr R>haVoh¢. AV… ah OmVr h¡ am‘mZwO doXmÝV‘| A{^‘V gË»`m{VdmXH$s YmaUm. CgHo$~mao‘| Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUHo$ o CX²Jma {H$

(1)""VX² Añ‘mH$‘² A^rï>§ na§ H$píMX² {deofmo ApñV''(2)""Vñ‘mX² `o nyU©km{ZZ… nyU©`mo{JZmo dm Vofm§ gd©Ìgd©àË`j‘² "AZmJV‘VrV§ M'(^mJ.nwam.10&61&21)BË`m{XdmŠ`mV². AV… Vofm§ kmZñ` `WmW©ËdmV² VÌ CŠVmA»`m{V… C{MVm Z gd©Ì''7.

BZHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona h ñnï>V`m g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ""VÌ CŠVm''nXm|H$m AW© hmoJm : nyU©kmZr AWdm nyU© moJr H$mo hmoVo AZw dm|Ho$ ñdê$nHo$gÝX ©‘| am‘mZwO doXmÝV‘| H$hr J`r gXW©H$s A»`m{V C{MV hmo gH$Vr h¡. ""Z

gd©Ì'' nXm|H$m Ame` A^md nXmW©Ho$ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ AñdrH$maHo$ ~mdOyX `h VmoñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ {OZH$m kmZ emñÌr` eãXmW©~moY‘mÌê$n hmo, AWm©V²gmjmX² ~«÷mZw d‘| n ©dgm`r Z hmo, Eogo kmZ `m AZw d Ho$ gÝX ©‘|; AWdm,bmoH$ì`dhmamon`moJr «‘-à‘m {ddoMH$m|H$mo hmoVo AZw dHo$ gÝX ©‘|, A^md~moYH$sì`mdhm[aH$ Anojm Hw$N> Z Hw$N> Vmo ahVr hr h¡. AVEd ñd § Cn{ZfXm{XemñÌm|‘| ^r Bg ì`mdhm[aH$ AnojmH$s ny{V© Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$s à{H«$`mÛmamCn{Xï> hþ r h¡8. AV… ì`dhma‘| Ohm§ {Og dñVwH$m A^md àVrV hmoVm h¡ dhm§Cgo {Vamo{hV ‘mZm J`m h¡. gd©kH$s AZw y{V XoeH$mbHo$ {j{VOHo$ ^rVa {KarZht hmoVr; AV…, CÝh| {H$gr^r dñVwHo$ H$ht/H$^r {Vamo{hV `m AJmoMa hmoZoH$sAZw y{V hmoVr Zht. `m| X¡{eH$ `m H$m{bH$ g§gJm© mdHo$ ñWmZna `h X¡{eH$ `mH$m{bH$ {Vamo mdH$s YmaUm àñVwV hþ r h¡. `h {Vamo mdH$s YmaUm VÎmV² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m|©Ho$ d¡{dÜ` AWm©V² VmXmËå`m^mdH$s ì`m»`m H$aZo‘| ^r gj‘ YmaUmh¡. Š`m|{H$ {ZpIb Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© gX¡H$ag ~«÷‘| àH$Q> hþdo ‘mZo OmVo h¢. ñd §~«÷ gd© Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}H$m EH$mH$s {Zdm©hH$ hmoVm h¡. Bg lm¡V YmaUmHo$AZwê$n9 g^r Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| ~«m{÷H$ gX§e gd©Xm AZwJV ahVm h¡. AV…ewpŠVê$nmdpÀN>ÝZ ~«÷Ho$ gX§e‘| aOVê$n {Vamo{hV Vmo ah gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw H$^r^r AgV² Zht hmo gH$Vm, ""VX{^ÝZñ` VX{^ÝZm{^ÝZËd''Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgma.{’$a^r ì`dhma‘| ewpŠVeH$bH$mo "aOV'Zm‘go OmZm-nwH$mam `m ñdrH$mam ZhtOm gH$Vm, Š`m|{H$ Cg ê$n‘| dhm§ aOVê$n Am¡a VXZwHy$bm AW©{H«$`m ^r Vmo~«÷Zo g¥{ï>‘| àH$Q> Zht H$s h¡. AV… g¥{ï>‘| ~«÷Ho$ gmjmËH$ma Z hmoZoHo$ H$maUh‘| ewpŠVê$nHo$ ~mao‘| "aOV'Zm‘H$m à`moJ àm‘m{UH$ Zht bJVm. CgH$maOVHo$ gmW ahm ~«m{÷H$ VmXmËå` ^r; AVEd, h‘| AZw yV Zht hmo nmVm. ZaOVmo{MV gmao H$‘© hr dhm§ ewpŠV‘| àH$Q> hmo nmVo h¢. Bg AW©‘| ~«÷ñdê$nH$s`m ~«÷VmXmËå`H$s Am¡a VÔ‰maH$ dñVw‘mÌHo$ BVaoVaVmXmËå`H$s A»`m{V ñdrH$m ©~ZVr h¡. ~«÷Ho$ A§{eê$noU Bg {Vamo mdH$s Vah ewŠVrVa Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m^r ewpŠVeH$b‘| {Vamo md A»`m{VH$m Ambå~Z ~ZVm h¡10. ewpŠV‘| BgrñdoVa Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ {VamoYmZde, Omo Hw$N> Ad{eï> àH$Q> `m Am{d y©VJwUY‘© h¢, CZHo$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr `m {H$Ýht JwUY‘m}H$m ^mZ, ewpŠVgo AÝ`Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m ^mZ hmoZogo Cgo "AÝ`»`m{V' H$hm OmVm h¡. AV…{déÕY‘m©l`ê$n ~«÷Ho$ ‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$nHo$ Am`m‘‘| gË»`m{V ñdrH$mar OmgH$Vr hmoZona ^r g¥{ï>ê$n ~«÷Ho$ gË`g§H$ënmoËW AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$

149 150

EopÀN>H$ Û¡Vde EopÀN>H$ AÝ`Vm ^r CVZr hr ñdrH$m © h¡. AV… dhr EopÀN>H$sAÝ`Vm AÝ`»`m{VH$m Ambå~Z ~ZVr h¡, ~«÷Ho$ gd© dZg‘W© VWm gË`g§H$ënhmoZoHo$ H$maU. Bg Vah ~«÷Ho$ ‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$nH$s AZwnmVr Omo {ZpIb Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s BVaoVamË‘H$Vm, CgH$m Aà{V^mg/A»`m{V «mpÝVH$s H$maUH$mo{Q>‘|g‘m{dï> hmoVr h¡. ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| Vmo gd© dZg‘W©-gË`g§H$ën ~«÷‘| àH$Q>EopÀN>H$ Û¡V `m AnañnamË‘H$Vm Ho$ {dMmade AÝ`»`m{VH$mo hr à{Vð>m{nV{H$`m J`m h¡. Bg A»`m{VH$mo à^mH$a‘Vm{^àoV {ZpIb Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}H$s‘m¡{bH$ AnañnamË‘H$VmHo$ {ddoH$Ho$ Aà{V^mg `m A»`m{V go Omo‹S> XoZm AV…Amdí`H$ Zht ah OmVm. AV… lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUH$s ""VÌ CŠVm A»`m{V…C{MVm'' dMZmdbrHo$ gå`J² {ddoMZ H$aZona am‘mZwO‘VmoŠV A»`m{VHo$Am¡{MË`H$m Omo md àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Cgo r «mpÝVkmZH$s An[ahm © H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$gÝX ©‘| hr g‘PZm Mm{h o Z{H$ «mpÝVkmZH$s ñdê$nH$mo{Q>Ho$ gÝX ©‘|.

(2) dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V «mpÝVkmZHo$ dmXarË`m CnnmXZH$m ma O¡go Jmoñdm‘r

lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo dhZ {H$`m, d¡go hr ^«mpÝVkmZHo$ H$maU Ed§ ñdê$n H$sà{H«$`mAm|H$mo ‘yb^mJdVm{X à‘mU VWm VÝ‘ybH$ ‘ybmMm`m}Ho$ dMZm|Ho$ì`m»`mZgÝX ©Ho$ gmW à{VnmXZH$m ^ma bmby Å>monZm‘H$ lr~mbH¥$îU ^Å>OrZoCR>m`m h¡. à‘o aËZmU©dHo$ CÎmamY©‘| g‘m{dï> »`m{V{ddoH$‘| VWm {ZU© mU©d(4&6)‘|Bg {df`H$s CÝhm|Zo {deX {ddoMZm H$s h¡. BZ‘|go à‘o aËZmU©d‘| J«ÝWH$maZoewpŠVaOVm{X {Zénm{YH$ «‘ Am¡a nrVeL²I$m{X Am¡nm{YH$ «‘ XmoZm|H$mo hrAÝ`»`m{VHo$ ê$n‘| hr ñdrH$mam h¡. {ZU© mU©d‘|, {H$ÝVw, {Zê$nm{YH$ «‘H$mohr AÝ`»`m{VV`m VWm ""nrV… eL²I$…''-""KQ>mo «må`{V'' gÑe Am¡nm{YH$«‘m|H$mo «‘ Z ‘mZ H$a «‘ Am¡a à‘m XmoZm|go {^ÝZ AÝ`WmkmZV`m ñdrH$maZoH$m

à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡11. Bg {dMma oX‘| nm¡dm©n ©H$m AWm©V² ""nrV… eL²I$…'' O¡goAm¡nm{YH$ Ad^mgm|H$mo nhbo «‘ ‘mZm Wm naÝVw ~mX‘| AÝ`WmkmZ ‘mZmAWdm nhbo CÝh| AÝ`WmkmZ ‘mZm Wm Am¡a ~mX‘| «‘, Eogr Eo{Vhm{gH$s{ddoMZmHo$ {b o Z Vmo `hm§ AdH$me h¡ Am¡a Z H$moB© àg§Jm¡{MË` hr. {’$a^rBVZm Vmo Adí` H$WZr` bJVm h¡ {H$ ^mJdVH$s ""F$Vo@Wª `V² àVr oV...''(^mJ.nwam.2&9&33) ""g§e`mo@W {dn`m©g…...'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&30) VWm

""kmZ‘² EH§$ namMrZ¡… BpÝÐ ¡… ~«÷ {ZJw©U‘² Ad^m{V AW©ê$noU «mÝË`meãXm{XY{‘©Um'' (^mJ.nwam.3&32&28) H$m[aH$mAm|H$s gw~mo{YZr‘|-

1.""`X² dñVw ñdê$no AÝ`Wm à{V^mgVo VX²"AmË‘Zm§'=OrdmZm§ ì`m‘mo{hH$m `m ‘m`m... Vñ`m… H$m`©‘².gm{h Ord§ ì`m‘m oh{`Ëdm VËgå~pÝYZ‘²AÝV…H$aU~wÕçm{XH$‘{n ì`m‘moh`{V. V`m ì`m‘mo{hVm ~w{Õ…nXmWm©Z² AÝ`Wm ‘Ý`Vo ZVw nXmWm©… AÝ`Wm ^dpÝV... ‘m`mM{ÛYm ^«‘§ OZ`{V : {dÚ‘mZ§ Z àH$me`{V, A{dÚ‘mZ§ MàH$me`{V, XoeH$mbì`Ë`mgoZ. VX² Amh "AWm} Z àVr`Vo-AW©‘² F$Vo àVr`Vo' B{V. Vñ‘mV² nXmWm©Zm§ `mWmËå`kmnZmWªà‘mU‘² B{V CŠV§ d{V. ZZw dñËdod Hw$Vmo Z VWm AñVw? H¡$píMX²dm{X{^… OJVmo ‘m{`H$ËdñdrH$mamX² B{V MoX², ^doX² EVX² Ed§`{X {dMmao n ©dñ`{V. à‘mU yVmo doX… "gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷¡'dB{V Amh. ~«÷{dXm§ àVr{Va{n VWm. ^«mÝVàVrVoñVw ZAW©{Z`m‘H$Ëd‘². AÝ`Wm «‘X²Ñï>çm J¥hrV§ OJX² «‘Ðÿn‘odñ`mV². AVmo {df`o {df`Vm H$m{MV² ñdrH$V©ì`m ``m Ñ{ï>…g{df`m ^d{V. AÝ`Wm nXmWm©Zm§ pñWaËdmX² ^«‘X²Ñ{ï>…{Z{d©f`m ñ`mV². AVmo AÝ`Ì¡d {gÕm «{‘… ‘m``m nwa…pñWVo{df o g‘mZr`Vo... gmM {df`Vm {ÛYm : AmÀN>m{XH$m EH$mAÝ`WmàVr{VhoVw… M Anam. gm C^`{dYm{n ‘m``¡dOÝ`Vo...'' (gw~mo.2&9&33).

2."""{dn`m©g…'=g§ñH$maàm~ë`mV², VoO… VXZwJwU‘od Y‘ªàH$me`{V. "AW'=B{V EH$ñ’w$aU{Z`m‘H$Ëdm`. {dn`m©gmo{^ÝZmW©à{VnmXH$…, {H«$`mkmZ`mo… M {^ÝZ{df`Ëd‘². AZoZAÝ`»`m{Vaod B{V {gÕmÝV…...'' (gw~mo.3&26&30).

3."""kmZ‘² EH$‘²'=B{V dñVwV… gdª OJX²~moYmÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZwgaUmX² ~moY‘mÌ‘² B{V Adgr`Vo. `…H$íMZ bm¡{H$H$m o d ¡{XH$… gdm }@{n ì`dhmam o ~m oYEdn`©d{gVB{V. `Wm gd} Va“m… g‘wÐo n`©d{gVm… B{V. AV…EH$‘od kmZ§ "namMrZ¡…'=àmH¥$V¡… BpÝÐ`¡…, ì`mnH$ËdmX²

151 152

~¥§hUËdmV² M {ZJw©U‘od, JwUmZm§ VX{V[aŠVmZm‘² A^mdmX²,KQ>nQ>mÚW©ê$noU ^«mÝË`m Ad^m{V. AV… ewpŠVH$m aOVdV²à{V^mgVB{V AmgpŠV… Z C{MVm. Vo{h àmH¥$Vm…ñd~wÕçZwgmaoU¡d VX² J¥ôUpÝV. EH$XoeJ«hUoZ ñdñd^mdJ«hUoZM VX² AÝ`Wm J¥hrV§ ^d{V. AV… ñdopÝÐ`Y‘m©Ed VÌ Amamoß`J¥h² ÝVB{V »`m{VdmXm… ~hþ{dYm… CËnÝZm…. Y‘m©Um‘od dñVwV…à{V^mZ{‘{V AÝ`»`m{V…. AmYma‘{n nwañH¥$Ë` VÌ H$ÄMZmWªn[aH$ëß` J«mhH$Y‘©gå~ÝYmX² AÝ`Wm BË`{n Amhþ…. `WmàVr{V… ^«mÝVm VWm H$ënZmnr{V Z AË`ÝV‘² AmJ«h…...''(gw~mo.3&32&28)..

1.CÕaU‘| ‘hmà wZo `hm§ ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mgo OÝ` {df`Vmê$n Xmo H$m ©{JZm o h¢ : (1){dÚ‘mZ dñVwH$m AàH$meZ=AmÀN>mXZ AWm©V² AkmZ{df`Vm(2)VÔoeH$mb‘| A{dÚ‘mZ({Vamo{hV)dñVwH$m ñdXoeH$mbì`Ë`mgnyd©H$ àH$meZ,AÝ`WmàVr{V{df`Vm=AÝ`WmkmZ{df`Vm. o XmoZm| hr «mpÝVkmZH$s CËn{ÎmHo$hoVw h¢. Bg {Zê$nU‘| bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ " «mpÝVkmZ'KQ>H$"kmZ'nX à{V^mg Am¡a/AWdm {ZíM` Ho$ Ame`go à wŠV hþdm nX h¡. AVEdH${Vn` {Zénm{YH$ «‘m|Ho$ CXmhaUm|‘| à{V^mg Am¡a {ZíM` XmoZm|‘| hr ì`Ë`mg,AWm©V² Bg AW©‘| EH$ê$nVm hmoVr h¡, AÝ` ~hmoV gmao Am¡nm{YH$ «‘m|‘| {ZíM`Am¡a à{V^mg Ho$ ~rM EH$ê$nVm Zht ^r hmoVr h¡.

2.CÕaU‘| Eogr pñW{V‘| «mpÝVkmZHo$ ñdê$nH$s ì`m»`m ""A»`m{Vny{d©H$mAÝ`Wm»`m{V'' XoZoHo$ ~Om` ‘hmà wZo AÝ`»`m{V Š`m| ñdrH$mar? Bg Ame§H$mHo$g‘mYmZV`m `hr kmVì` h¡ {H$ Š`m|{H$ BZ XmoZm|Ho$ H$maU AÝV‘| AÝ`»`m{Vhr àH$Q> hmoZr ñdrH$mar J`r h¡, «‘mpË‘H$m ñ’w$aUmHo$ ñdma{gH$ EH$ËdHo$AZwamoYde O¡gm{H$ "EH$ñ’w$aU{Z`m‘H$Ëdm`' nXgo àH$Q> hmo ahm h¡; VWm,^«mpÝVkmZOZH$ AkmZ `m AÝ`WmkmZ Ho$ Ambå~Zr^yV {df`m|H$s Am¡a«mpÝVkmZgo O{ZV àd¥{Îm={H«$`mHo$ {df`H$s {^ÝZVmHo$ AZwamoYde. h ""{dn`m©gmo

{^ÝZmW©à{VnmXH$…, {H«$`mkmZ`mo… M {^ÝZ{df`Ëd‘²'' dMZgo ñ’w$Q>V`m àH$Q>hmoVm hr h¡.

3.V¥Vr` CÕaUna AmnmVV… Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZona ‘hmà^wH$m ‘V `m Vmo‘m`mdmXr em§H$a doXmÝV AWdm H$mí‘ra e¡d àË`{^kmXe©Z Ho$ gÑe bJVmh¡. ~«÷H$mo, naÝVw, AIÊS>gpÀMXmZÝX¡H$ag ‘mZm J`m hmoZogo ~«m{÷H$ M¡VÝ`Ho$gÝX ©‘| AW© Am¡a kpßV Ho$ ~rM AmË`pÝVH$ Û¡V AWm©V² AmË`pÝVH$ oXK{Q>V{df`-{df{`^mdH$mo A‘mÝ` H$aZoH$mo ‘hmà wZo Eogr eãXmdbrH$m à`moJ {H$`mh¡. VXZwgma «mpÝVkmZ {Zénm{YH$ {ZJw©U {Zad`d ì`mnH$ BpÝÐ`mVrV ~¥hX²AmË‘M¡VÝ`ê$n ñd §àH$meZ (Pure sensitivity or pure consiousnes)

Zht hmoVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ Bg AÝV{Z©Jy‹T> ‘m¡{bH$ kmZHo$ ñVana Vmo kmZ-ko H$m hrnmW©Š` {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm Vmo AÝ`»`m{V H$hm§go {gÕ hmo nm oJr? «mpÝVkmZnwamodpñWV dñVwH$m Am¡nm{YH$ naÝVw {Zad`d {Z{d©H$ënH$ àH$meZ (The

simplest atomic unit of experience) ^r {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm, eãX-g§ñH$mam{XOÝ` {deofmdJmhr amOgVm‘g JwUdmbm g{dH$ënH$ kmZ hmoZogo12.O¡gm {H$ XoI hr MwHo$ «mpÝVkmZH$mo kmZÛ`amer (A compound unit of two

different experiences) r ñdrH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm. «mpÝVkmZ Vmo g{dH$ënH$à‘mZw^y{VH$s Vah {Z{d©H$ënkmZmoÎma Om`‘mZm g{dH$ënmZw^y{V (A single

Complex unit of two experiences) H$m EH$ àH$ma{deof h¡. XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM`{X H$moB© AÝVa h¡ Vmo Ho$db BVZm hr aOVà‘mZw y{V, Ý`m`^mfmHo$ VµO©‘| H$hZmhmo Vmo, ""{Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ{df`r^yVo aOVËdd{V aOVËdàH$maH$mo AZw^d…''hmoVm h¡; O~{H$, aOV «‘mZw y{V, ""aOV{Vamo mdd{V {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ{df`r yVoewpŠVeH$bo ~wÕçm{d y©VaOV{df`H$mo AZw d…'' hmoVm h¡.

{H$gr^r dñVw(Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©)H$m Am{d^m©d `m {Vamo md Am¡a VÝ‘ybH$àH$meZ m AàH$meZ r m Vmo gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVmhoVwH$hmoVm h¡ AWdm Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmVmhoVwH$. àW‘ H$ën‘| dh àH$meZ VÔoeH$mb‘|Am{d^m©dê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AàH$meZ VÔoeH$mb‘| {Vamo mdê$n. {ÛVr` H$ën‘|àH$meZ ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mgo ~w{ÕHo$ ì`m‘w½Y Z hmoZona ~wÕçwnmXmZH$ dñËdmH$m[aH$md¥{ÎmHo$ àH$meZê$noU hmoVm h¡. `h, naÝVw, ñd § dñVwHo$ `hm§ {Vamo{hV hmoZoHo$H$maU namoj àH$meZê$n hr ah OmVm h¡. ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mgo, naÝVw, ~w{ÕHo$ì`m‘w½Y hmoZona Cg‘| A{Vamo{hV dñËd{Yð>mZH$ {Vamo{hVdñËddJmhr ‘m`mH$aUH$~wÕçwnmXmZH$ àH$meZ hmoVm h¡. Bg {Vamo{hV dñVwHo$ A{Vamo{hV`m àH$meZH$mo

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AÝ`»`m{Vê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bg àH$meZ‘| Z Ho$db H$aUê$nm ~w{ÕH$s~«÷mË‘H$Vm A{nVw ghH$m[aH$maUê$nm ^JdÀN>pŠVê$nm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$s^r ~«÷mË‘H$Vm lm¡V {gÕmÝVm{^‘V h¡. `h EH$ COmJa VÏ` h¡ {H$ Bgà{H«$`m‘| `{X H$ënZmJm¡admon‘ ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$mo ~rM‘| Z ^r bm`m Om` Vmo^r «mpÝVkmZH$s ì`m»`m gwMméV`m eŠ` h¡ hr. Eogm H$aZona, naÝVw, dmëb^doXmÝV ""`Ì oZ `Vmo `ñ` `ñ‘¡ `X² `X² `Wm `Xm ñ`mX² BX§ ^JdmZ²gmjmV²'' 13 dMZ‘| ñdà{VkmVmW©H$mo “ H$aZoH$m Xmofr R>haoJm. AV… JrVmoŠV14

kmZmkmZñ‘aUm{X g^r‘| ^JdËH$maUVmHo$ {gÕmÝVHo$ {Zdm©hmW© {Og emñÌ{gÕ^JdÀN>pŠVH$mo ~rM bmZogo JdËH$maUVm {gÕ hmo nm o CgH$m Zm‘ "ì`m‘mo{hH$m‘m`m' h¡. AñVw, ì`m‘w½Y~wÕçwnmXmZH$ H$m ©ê$n ~w{Õd¥{Îmê$n àH$meZH$s ^r~«÷mË‘H$Vm Vmo {Z…gpÝX½Y hr h¡15. {’$a^r VÔoeH$mb‘| {Vamo{hV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©H$m dhm§ A{Vamo{hVV`m ^mZ `m kmZ AÝ`»`m{Vê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡, `h«‘^mV AÝ` {df`H$s ~«÷mË‘H$VmHo$ {ZagZmW© Zht àË wV {Zdm©hmW© gmoMr

J`r Cnn{Îm h¡. Bg‘| VÔoeH$mb‘| {dÚ‘mZH$m AàH$meZ Am¡a VÔoeH$mb‘|A{dÚ‘mZH$m àH$meZ ^JdÀN>pŠVê$nm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ H$m © h¢. g§jon‘|^JdmZ²H$s AZoH$mZoH$ epŠVAm|‘| Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdepŠV Am¡a ì`m‘mohH$epŠV^r AÝ`V‘ epŠV`m§ h¢16. BZ‘|go àW‘epŠVàH$m{eV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© gpÀMXmZÝXA§er ~«÷Ho$ gX§emonmXmZH$ {MX§emonmXmZH$ `m AmZÝXm§emonmXmZH$ hmoZonaAm{Y^m¡{VH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ `m Am{YX¡{dH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo ~«÷monmXmZH$ ^r~«÷H$V¥©H$ ^r ‘mZm OmVm h¡17. o gË»`m{VHo$ {df` hmoVo h¢. {ÛVr` ì`m‘mo{hH$mepŠVÛmam àH$m{eV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©, Omo gX§e^yV ~w{Õ VXwnmXmZH$ hmoZogoñdê$nV… gÐÿn hmoZona ^r, VÔoeH$mbñW {Vamo^mdepŠVÛmam A»`m{VJmoMa~Zm o J o hmoZoHo$ H$maU n ©dgmZ‘| AÝ`»`m{VJmoMa hmoVo ‘mZo J o h¢.

`h lrbmby^Å>OrH$mo {Zénm{YH$ Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ C^`{dY ^«‘kmZ‘|g‘mZê$noU ñdrH$m © hmoZm Mm{h o Wm. {ZU© mU©d‘|, {H$ÝVw, J«ÝWH$maÛmam Am¡nm{YH$àVr{VAm|H$mo AÝ`WmkmZ ‘mZ H$a Cgo ^«‘à‘mgo {^ÝZ ‘mZZoHo$ {dYmZH$mA{^àm` ~w{Õ‘| ghgm Amê$‹T> Zht hmo nmVm h¡. {ZîH$f©V… dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$AZwgma AkmZ Am¡a AÝ`WmkmZ AÝ`»`m{Vê$n «mpÝVHo$ ì`m‘w½Y nwéfJVhoVwÛ` h¢ Z{H$ «mpÝVHo$ bjUmon‘ ñdê$n.

(3) Am¡nm{YH$ «mpÝVkmZ `m à‘mkmZ Ho$ gÝX ©‘| {H$gr nXmW©H$m Cnm{Y hmoZm

`m kmZH$aUm|H$m ghH$mar H$maU `m H$aU hmoZm, kmZmoËnÎ`ZwHy$b Am¡Ëg{J©H$sAnojm `m Amndm{XH$s Anojm Ho$ {dMmade gm‘mÝ`V`m ñdrH$ma {b`m OmVmh¡. Eogm naÝVw {ZanojV`m {ZYm©[aV H$a nmZm AVrd XwîH$a hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ewÕOrdmË‘M¡VÝ`H$s ñd`§àH$meVmH$m {dMma H$aZona Vmo ñd`§ g{dH$ënH$àË`jà‘mH$mo ^r Z Ho$db BpÝÐ`-‘Zmo-~wÕçh§H$mag§{ZnmVm¡nm{YH$ A{nVweãX-g§ñH$mambmoH$mÚwnm{YOÝ` ^r hmoZoHo$ H$maU Am¡nm{YH$ kmZ hr ‘mZZmn‹S>Vm h¡18, O¡gm{H$ dhm§ dMZ ^r CÕ¥V {H$`m hr J`m h¡ ""Mjwfm AmbmoÀ`dñVy{Z {dH$ëß` ‘Zgm VWm "Ah§'‘Ë`m{n AhL²H$mamX² ~wÕç¡dh² Ü`dñ`{V'' (bú‘rVÝÌ : 13&34).

^maVdf©‘| `moJmMma-‘mÜ`{‘H$ ~m¡Õm|Zo Ed§ em§H$a doXmpÝVAm|Zo ^r eãX-g§ñH$mam{XH$s Cnm{Ygo OÝ` hmoZoHo$ H$maU g^r g{dH$ënH$ à‘mZw y{VAm|H$moewÕ àË`jà‘m ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` «‘mZw y{VHo$ {ZåZ ñVana CZH$s nXmdZ{V H$sh¡. nmíMmË` Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZ‘| ^r gd©àW‘ bm°H$(Locke)Zo àË`jJmoManXmWm]Ho$ àmW{‘H$ JwUY‘© Am¡a AmZwf§{JH$ JwUY‘m] Ho$ nmW©Š`H$s CX² mdZmàñVwV H$s Wr. CgHo$ ~mX Vmo ~H©$bo Am¡a h² y‘ Ho$ r Cgr {Xem‘| AJ«ga hmoZoHo$H$maU AZw ddmXr(Empiricistic) Am¡a H$ënZmdmXr(Idealistic) boIZnaånamH$mXm¡a Mb n‹S>m. AÝVV… ~«oS>²bo, ~Q´>}ÝS> agob, E.Oo.E`a Am{X {MÝVH$m|Ho$ ^rAmJo AmZona {Z{d©H$ënH$ àË`j (Sensation) g{dH$ënH$ àË`j(Perception) Am¡a gm‘mÝ`àË`j (Conception) H$s EH$mWm©dbpå~VmAñdrH$m © hr ‘mZr OmZo bJr. AV… AZw y{VHo$ CpëbpIV VrZ àH$mam|‘|goApÝV‘ Xmo àH$ma ewÕ àË`jV`m ‘mÝ` Zht ah J o. `Ú{n Bgr Ad{Y‘| dhm§yamon‘| `WmW©dmXr {MÝVH$ ^r Adí` hþdo naÝVw dh Xygar H$Wm h¡.

àñVwV {dMmaH$s hr {Xem‘| AmJo ~‹T>ZoH$mo h AdYo h¡ {H$ bmoH$ì`dhmamVrVemñÌ¡H$Jå` {Zénm{YH$ ewÕ AmË‘M¡VÝ`Ho$ gÝX ©H$mo Wmo‹S>rgo X¡aHo$ {b o ybH$a bmoH$ì`dhmamZwJwU àm‘mÊ`H$s n[a{Y‘| hr Bg {d‘e©H$mo gr{‘V aIVo hþdo

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Hw$N> gmoMZm hmo Vmo AmYw{ZH$ H$mb‘| ImoOo J o AZoH$ d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aU Hw$N>AÝ` hr VÏ`m|na h‘mam Ü`mZ ~a~g AmH¥$ï> H$aZm MmhVo h¢. CXmhaUV`màmMrZ H$mb‘| àm`… {ddmXa{hV ‘mZr OmVr gm§»`H$m[aH$mH$s YmaUm-

""1A{VXyamV² 2gm‘rß`mX² 3BpÝÐ`KmVmX² 4‘Zmo@ZdñWmZmX²5gm¡úå`mX² 6ì`dYmZmX² 7A{^^dmX² 8g‘mZm{^hmamV² M...AZwnbpãY… Z A^mdmV²...''

(gm§»`H$m[a.7) BZ‘| H$m[aH$moŠV XoeXmofê$n 1A{VXyaVm Am¡a 2g‘rnVm, BpÝÐ`Xmofê$n

3BpÝÐ`KmV Am¡a 4‘Zmo@ZdñWmZ, {df`Xmofê$n 5gyú‘Vm; Am¡a AÝV‘|,AWm©ÝVaXmofê$n 6ì`dYmZ 7A{^^d Am¡a 8g‘mZm{^hma, BZ Am¡a Eogo AÝ` ^ràË`j~mYH$m|H$s ~mYH$VmH$mo A{H$pÄMËH$a ~ZmZodmbo d¡km{ZH$ CnH$aUm|Ho$A~ {Z{‘©V hmo OmZogo Bg {Xem‘| nwZpíMÝVZ gÚmo@no{jV bJVm h¡.

CXmhaUV`m XoeXmofH$mo A{H$pÄMËH$a ~ZmZodmbo Q>o{bñH$m°n Xn©U Am{XHo$à`moJÛmam A{VXya Am¡a A{Vg‘rn H$mo A~ àË`j {Zhmam Om gH$Vm h¡.BpÝÐ`Xmofm|H$mo ^r Mí‘m H$m°ÝQ>oŠQ>-b|g Am{Q©>{’${e`b H$m°{Z©`m-[aßbog‘|Q>{hA[a¨JES²> Am{X Cnm`m|Ûmam VWm ‘Zmo@ZdñWmZê$n XmofH$mo g§‘mohZ{dkmZnahþdo g§emoYZm|Ho$ AmYmana r A{H$pÄMËH$a ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. BZ CnH$aUm|ÛmamhmoVo àË`jH$mo ì`dhma‘| Am¡nm{YH$ «‘ ‘mZZm m Am¡nm{YH$ à‘m? {df`Xmofê$ngyú‘Vmna ^r ‘mBH«$moñH$m°nHo$ Cn`moJÛmam H$m~y nm`m Om gH$Vm hmo Vmo Eogogyú‘dñVwAm|Ho$ àË`jH$mo ^«‘ ‘mZZm `m à‘m? AWm©ÝVaXmofê$n 6ì`dYmZ7A{^^d Am¡a 8g‘mZm{^hma H$s g‘ñ`mAm|H$m {ZamH$aU Q>o{bH$mpñQ>§J EŠgaogmoZmoJ«m’$s amS>ma Am{X AmYw{ZH$ CnH$aUm|Ûmam eŠ` hmo OmZoHo$ H$maU BZgo hmoVoàË`jH$mo Am¡nm{YH$ à‘m ‘mZZm m Am¡nm{YH$ «‘ h A~ {Za{Ve` {dMmaUr`{df` hmo J`m h¡.

àmMrZ H$mb‘| {dH$ënmdJmhr kmZm|Ho$ gmao àH$mam|H$m o, ^maVr`~mh² mWm©nbmndm{XAm|Zo, «mpÝVê$n ‘mZ H$a {Ogo {Z{d©H$ënH$ àË`j ‘mZm dh{Z{d©H$ënH$ à‘m ^r, A~ Mmjwf àË`jH$s AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma Omo

ì`m»`m àH$Q> hþ r h¡, VXZwgma {H$VZr {dH$ënmdJmhZa{hV h¡, `h {dMmaUr`hmo J`m h¡

AmYw{ZH$ Ñ{ï>{dkmZ{dXm|Ho$ AZwgma MmjwfàË`jJmoMa hmoZodmbr dñVwHo$gmW CgHo$ dU©(color), AmH¥${V(shape), n[a‘mU (size), àH$ma (pattern),

X¡{eH$s pñW{V (position) Am¡a dñVwHo$ J{V‘mZ hmoZona J{V(movement) ^ràË`jJmoMa hmoVr ‘mZr OmVr h¢. BZ‘| gd©àW‘ dU©àË`jHo$ hr {ddoMZm‘| `hH$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ dU© Z Vmo ~m¡{ÕH$ H$ënZm h¡ Am¡a dñVw{Zð> JwUY‘©. dU©,AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma, àH$meVa“m|H$s {d{dY b§~mB© Am¡a CZHo$ à{Vg§doXZerb ZoÌnQ>b‘| bJo hþdo e§Hw$, ebmH$m Am¡a e§Hw$+ebmH$m Ho$ nmañn[aH$CÎmoOZ Am¡a g§doXZ Ho$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoVm Am¡nm{YH$ Mmjwf à{V^mg h¡.EVmdVm Oo.nr.{Jb’$m°S©> H$hVo h¢:

""Z Vmo àH$meVa“ {XIbm`r XoVr h¢, Am¡a Z CZgo CÎmo{OVhmoZodmbm ZoÌnQ>b, Am¡a Z Cgo ‘pñVîH$Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>ZodmbmZm‹S>rVÝÌ hr, Am¡a Z CZ Zm‹S>rVÝÌm|go ‘pñVîH$H$mo {‘bZodmbogÝXoe hr h‘ XoI nmVo h¢. {’$a^r BZ à{H«$`mAm|Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZdUm]H$mo XoI nmVo h¢. `o àH$meVa“, Zm‹S>rVpÝÌH$moÎmoOZ Am¡adU©VÎd àmH¥${VH$ D$Om©H$s VrZ gd©Wm {d{^ÝZ KQ>Zm | h¢, `hH$^r ybZm Zht Mm{h o''.19

ñnï> h¡ {H$ Eogr pñW{V‘| `WmW©dmXr {MÝVH$m|H$m dU©Ho$ dñVwJV JwUY‘©hmoZoH$m Xmdm Am¡a H$ënZmdmXr {MÝVH$m|H$m dU©Ho$ H$ënZm‘mÌ hmoZoH$m Xmdm,XmoZm| hr EH$hob`m {ZañV hmo OmVo h¢. Bg gÝX ©‘| EH$ ghO ñnï>rH$aU, naÝVw,^JdX²JrVm Am¡a mJdVnwamU Ho$ AZwgma h‘| h r {‘bVm hr h¡ : ""n¥WŠËdoZVw`X² kmZ§ ZmZm^mdmZ² n¥Wp½dYmZ² do{Îm gd}fw yVofw VÁkmZ§ {d{Õ amOg‘²'',""aOmo d¡H$pënH§$...ñ‘¥V‘²'' ""gpÝZnmVñVw "Ah‘²'B{V "‘‘'B{V... `m‘{V…, ì`dhma… gpÝZnmVmo ‘Zmo‘mÌopÝÐ`mgw{^…''20. `m| AmË‘M¡VÝ`Ho$ñdê$nH$mo Ñ{ï>JV aIZona {dH$ënmdJmhr kmZ Am¡nm{YH$ Vmo hmo gH$Vo h¢ naÝVwEVmdVm CZH$m ñdßZkmZmon‘ {Zambå~Z hmoZm m gXgX{Zd©MZr`{df`mbå~ZH$

157 158

hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm. JdËnmX lreL²H$amMm ©Zo Bg ~mao‘| Omo à^mdembrdŠVì` {X`m h¡ dh gd©Wm A{dñ‘aUr` bJVm h¡. do H$hVo h¢-

""`X² CŠV§ ~mh²`mWm©nbm{nZm ñdßZm{XàË``dX²OmJ[aVJmoMamA{n ñVå^m{XàË``m {dZ¡d ~mh²`mW}Z ^do`w…àË``Ëdm{deofmX² B{V, VV² à{VdŠVì`‘². AÌ CÀ`Vo ZñdßZm{XàË``dX² OmJ«ËàË``m… ^{dVw‘² Ah©pÝV. H$ñ‘mV²?d¡Yå`m©V². d¡Yå ª {h d{V ñdßZOmJ[aV`mo…. qH$ nwZ… d¡Yå ©‘²?"~mYm~mYm¡' B{V ~« y‘…. ~mÜ`Vo{h ñdßZm onbãY§ dñVwà{V~wÕñ`... Z ¡d § OmJ[aVm onbãY§ dñVw ñVå^m{XH§$H$ñ`mpÄMX{n AdñWm`m§ ~mÜ`Vo. A{nM ñ‘¥{V… Efm `V²ñdßZXe©Z‘²-CnbpãYñVw OmJ[aVXe©Z‘²... VÌ Ed§ g{V ZeŠ`Vo dŠVw § {‘Ï`m OmJ[aVm onbpãY… CnbpãYËdmV²ñdßZmonbpãYdX² B{V C^`mo… AÝVa§ ñd`‘² AZw^dVm. ZMñdmZw^dmnbmn… àmk‘m{Z{^… `wŠV… H$Vw ©‘ ². A{nMAZw^d{damoYàg“mX² OmJ[aVàË``mZm§ ñdVmo {Zambå~ZVm§dŠVw‘² AeŠZwdVm ñdßZgmYå`m©X² dŠVw‘² Bî`Vo. ZM `mo `ñ`ñdVmo Y‘m} Z ^d{V gmo AÝ`ñ` gmYå`m©V² Vñ` gå^{dî`{V.Z{h Ap½Z… CîUmo AZw y ‘mZ… CXH$gmYå`m©V² erVmo ^{dî`{V.X{e©VÝVw d¡Yå ª ñdßZOmJ[aV`mo…''.

(~«.gy.em§.^m.2&2&29)

AVEd AmYw{ZH$ Ñ{ï>{dkmZ ^r bm¡{H$H$ ì`mdhm[aH$ àË`jm|H$sAm¡nm{YH$Vm=gpÝZnmVê$nVmH$m Vmo g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡ naÝVw ~mh² mW©Ho$ gd©WmH$pënV hmoZoH$s H$Wm Vmo AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZmÝdofUm|H$mo H$ënZmdmXr Am¡a/AWdmAZw ddmXr nydm©J«hgo J«ñV hmo H$a {ZhmaZoH$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$m hr n[aUm‘ bJVm h¡.Mmjwfà{V^mgHo$ Am`moOZH$s ‘r‘m§gm‘| AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo Hw$N> ~mh² Am¡aHw$N> Amä`ÝVa KQ>H$m|H$m à`moJmÝdofU {H$`m h¡. VXZwgma ~mh² Ñí`dñVw‘|1gm‘rß`(Contiguity), 2gmÑí`(Similarity), 3gmVË`(Continuity), Am¡a

4AÝV^m©d Ed§ n[apÀN>ÝZVm(Inclusiveness and Closure), `o MmaMmjwfàË``Ho$ ~mh² KQ>H$ ‘mZo h¢. Bgr

Vah 1n[a{MVVm(Familiarity), Am¡a 2‘mZgd¥{Îm (Mental set) o Amä`ÝVaKQ>H$ ‘mZo h¢#B22#A. BZ‘| gwñnï>V`m XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ gm‘rß` gmÑí`gmVË` Am¡a AÝV^m©d-n[apÀN>ÝZVm Ñí`‘mZ dñVwHo$ Ñï¥>{Zanoj Ñ{ï>-Am`moOH$~mh² dmñV{dH$ Y‘© h¢ Z{H$ Ñï¥>n[aH$pënV Amä`ÝVa KQ>H$.

Omo ~mV dU©Ho$ Mmjwf à{V^mgHo$ ~mao‘| H$hr J`r h¡, dhr Wmo‹S>o-~hmoVh¡a’o$aHo$ gmW AmH¥${V, n[a‘mU, àH$ma, X¡{eH$s pñW{V, Am¡a J{V Ho$ ~mao‘| ^rH$hr Om gH$Vr h¡. Š`m|{H$ AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ MjwH$mo àmß`H$mar Vmo ‘mZVm Zhth¡. gd©àW‘ nwamodVu dñVwgo namd¥Îm àH$me ZoÌJmobH$Ho$ nmaXeu AmdaU(Cornia)‘|à{dï> hmoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX VXÝVd©Vu g§H$moM{dH$mgerb AmdaU(Iris) Ho$‘Ü`dVu ZoÌJmobH${dda(Pupil)‘| à{dï> hmoVm h¡. dhm§go VËnmíd©dVu nmaXeuZoÌmÊS>H$(lens)‘| à{dï> hmoVm h¡. dhm§go ZoÌnQ>bmÝVK©Q>H$ àH$meHo$ Ý yZVm/Am{YŠ`Ho$ AZwgma H¥$îU/ídoV dUm©Zw^m{dH$m ebmH$mAm|(Rods)H$mo Am¡abmb-Ho$gar-nrV-h[aV-Zrb-~|JZr dUm]Ho$ AZw mdH$ e§Hw$Amo (Cones)H$moCÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡. V~ CÝh| ‘pñVîH$go Omo‹S>Zodmbr Zm{‹S>`m|(Optic‹nerves)Ho$Ûmam; Am¡a, CZHo$ g§J‘ñWb (Optic Chiasma)H$s Ñí`g§`moOZmpË‘H$mà{H«$`mÛmam ñd § ‘pñVîH$mÝVJ©V ZoÌàH$moð> (Visual Cortex) n ©ÝV VXZwgmargÝXoe nhþ§MVm h¡. Bg b§~r à{H«$`mHo$ AÝV‘| n[aUm‘V`m Mmjwf à{V^mggånÝZ hmoVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡23.

àH$memd^mgZH$s Bg à{H«$`mH$s ImoOHo$ d¥VmÝV àH$Q> hmoVo hr AZw ddmXrAm¡a H$ënZmdmXr {MÝVH$m|Zo XyZ| CËgmhgo `h H$hZm ewé H$a {X`m {H$ gmaodUm©{X JwUm|H$m à{V^mg dmñV{dH$ Z hmo H$a `m Vmo {d{^ÝZ {Z{d©H$ënH$AZw y{VAm|H$m Ho$db ‘mZ{gH$ g§KmV‘mÌ h¡ AWdm o JwU ~m¡{ÕH$ H$ënZm‘mÌh¢. h‘ OmZVo h¢ {H$ Ho$‘oamHo$ ^rVa Z Vmo ‘Z hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z ~w{Õ {’$a^r h‘maoZoÌm|H$s g§aMZmHo$ AZwH$aUÛmam {Z{‘©V hmoZo‘mÌgo Cg‘| r dhr {MÌ à{V{~på~Vhmo OmVm h¡, H¥$îU-ídoV (achromatic) ^r Am¡a ~hþdUu (chromatic) ^r.

159 160

AV… dUm]H$s gÎmm dñVw{Zð> hmo `m Z hmo naÝVw dUm]H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ g§KmV(AgË»`m{V) m H$ënZm‘mÌ (gXgX{Zd©MZr`»`m{V) ‘mZ boZoH$s ~mV àm‘m{UH$Zht bJVr h¡. Bg VH©$H$mo Ho$db dUm©Zw y{V‘| hr n ©d{gV hmoVm Z ‘mZ H$aAmH¥${V n[a‘mU X¡{eH$ pñW{V Am¡a J{V Ho$ à{V^mgm|na ^r à^mdembr ‘mZZmMm{h o. g‘mZ`moJjo‘Ý`m oZ hr H$Wm Üd{Z JÝY ñdmX Am¡a ñne© Ho$ àË`jm|Ho$~mao‘| ^r gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¡. AWm©V² BZ àË`jm|H$mo ^r Am¡nm{YH$ »`m{V ‘mZboZona ^r AmË‘»`m{V AgË»`m{V AÝ`Wm»`m{V A{Zd©MZr`»`m{V `mA»`m{V BÝh| ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. ahr ~mV AÝ`»`m{VH$s Vmo CgH$s MMm©AmJo H$aZm Mmh|Jo. AñVw.

àH¥$VmZwgaUmW© Bg H«$‘‘| `{X H$moB© {df` hr àH$meH$m AÝV…emofU H$abo, AWdm àH$meH$s `mÌm‘| H¥${Ì‘ `m AH¥${Ì‘ ì`dYmZ CnpñWV hmo Om o,AWdm ZoÌJmobH$Ho$ nmaXeu AmdaU m VXÝVd©Vu g§H$moM{dH$mgerb AmB[agHo$^br^m§{V H$m ©H$mar Z hmoZona, `m nmaXeu ZoÌmÊS>H$-b|g‘| {H$gr VahH$sJ‹S>~‹S>r hmo OmZona, AWdm Bg b|g Am¡a ZoÌnQ>bHo$ ~rM ^ao nmaXeu bMrbonXmW©(Vitrous Humor)‘|, m ZoÌnQ>bmÝVd©Vu e§Hw$-ebmH$mAm|Ho$ Ý yZm{YŠ`‘|AWdm BZgo Ow‹S>r Zm{‹S>H$mAm|Ho$ à‘mXr hmo OmZona, AWdm ‘pñVîH$mÝVd©VuZoÌàH$moð>Ho$ ñd § AmKmVm{X hoVwAm|Ho$ H$maU AñdñW hmo OmZona Z Vmo {Z{d©H$ënH$Mmjwf à{V^mg Am¡a Z g{dH$ënH$ hr gå^d ah OmVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|Mmjwf{H$aUm|H$m ZoÌÛmago nwamodpñWV, `m XmofdemV² AnwamodpñWV, {df`Xoen`©ÝV J‘Z Am¡a dhm§ Om H$a gX² AgX² gXgX² AWdm gXgX{Zd©MZr`{df`mH$mago AmH$m[aV hmoZoH$s H$ënZmH$mo A~ AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ ñdrH$maZoH$moCÚV Zht. Eogr hr à{H«$`mÝVa lmdU, amgZ Am{X àË`jHo$ ^r àH$mam|Ho$ ~mao‘|AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo Üd{ZVa“ Am{XH$s ImoOHo$ AmYmana àH$Q> H$sh¡.

bm¡{H$H$ {df`m|Ho$ ~mao‘| r emñÌdMZm|H$mo hr na‘à‘mU ‘mZZoH$s {dMmae¡br‘|Vmo bm¡{H$H$ dñVwHo$ bm¡{H$H$à‘mUm|go AJ«mh² {H$gr eãX¡H$Jå` njH$s YmaUm`m àË wnn{Îm àñVwV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. bm¡{H$H$ {df`m|‘|, naÝVw, emñÌdMZm|H$mogd©Wm AZwn`moJr ‘mZ H$a àË`jmZw{‘{V Am¡a bmKd-Jm¡adHo$ VH$m]na hrAdbpå~V hmoZodmbr {MÝVZe¡brHo$ g‘j AgH¥$V² à`moJ-narjU{gÕ d¡km{ZH$

VÏ`m|go {damoYH$s g‘ñ`m ZyVZ n[a^mfm, ZyVZ à{H«$`m{ZX}e Am¡a ZyVZ hoVw{ZX}eê$nr àVrH$mam|H$s {dH$Q> ‘m§J àñVwV H$a ahr h¡.

19dt eVmpãXHo$ ‘Ü`‘| Am§½b g¡ÕmpÝVH$-^m¡{VH$s{dX² Ooåg ŠbH©$‘oŠgdobH$s Bg ImoOHo$ ~mX {H$ àH$me Vmo Ho$db Cg ì`mnH$ BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$joÌ{dñVma‘| K{Q>V hmoVo CpËH$aUH$m EH$ jwÐ A§e h¡ Omo Mjw m©ñ` hmoVm h¡24,Bggo d¡Mm[aH$ OJV²H$m nyam {MÌ hr ~XbZm ewé hmo J`m. Š`m|{H$ A~ àH$meÑí` Ðì` Z ah H$a D$Om©Ho$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV hmoZo bJm. nadVu ‘oŠg ßb|H$,Zrëg ~moh²a, Aë~Q>© AmB©ÝñQ>rZ, byBg X ~«m°½br, doZ©a h¡µOZ~J©, Ea{dZ lm°qS>JaAm{X AZoH$ d¡km{ZH$m|Ho$ g§emoYZ-AÝdofUm|Ho$ H$maU, H$hm OmVm h¡25 {H$,CŠV BboŠQ>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ CpËH$aUm|‘| Va“ê$nVm Am¡a AmU{dH$JwÀN>ê$nVm m| C^`{dY{déÕY‘m©l`VmH$m ñd^md àH$Q> hmoVm nm`m J`m. Bg H$maU Aë~Q>© AmB©ÝñQ>rZZoÐì`, X¡{eH$ AdH$me, D$Om©, H$mb Am¡a J{VH$‘© Ho$ nañna gmnoj hmoZoH$sYmaUm àñVwV H$s. EVmdVm `Ú{n Ðì`H$m D$Om©‘| ê$nmÝVaU Vmo à`moJ{gÕ ^rhmo J`m h¡ naÝVw Vmo r A^r VH$ D$Om©Ho$ Ðì`‘| ê$nmÝVaUH$s eŠ`Vm {ddmXJ«ñV{df` h¡. ha gyaV‘| BVZm Vmo {ZpíMVV`m H$hm hr Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Ðì`Ho$MjwJ«m©h² ^md `m A^md A~ Ðì`H$s gÎmm `m AgÎmm Ho$ {ZpíMV à‘mnH$ hoVwah Zht J o h¢ Eogr pñW{V‘| O‹S> `m MoVZm Ho$ EH$-Xygaogo ~mh² ^mdm^mdm|H$sH$ënZmHo$ de {H$gr EH$ `m Xygao H$s gÎmm `m AgÎmm H$s MMm© A~AZdganamhV hmoZo Om ahr h¡. Š`m|{H$ O‹S> Am¡a MoVZ XmoZm| hr Bg BboŠQ>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ì`mnH$ D$Om©joÌ{dñVmaHo$ gmVË`Ho$ AÛ¡V‘| Am{d^y©V-{Vamo^yV hmoVo Ho$dbZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V‘mÌ ah J o h¢. Ú{n CÎmaH$mbrZ AÝdofUm|‘| BboŠQ>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ì`mnH$ D$Om©joÌ{dñVmaHo$ Abmdm ^r BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ D$Om©go ^r nyd©{gÕJwéËdmH$f©U D$Om© Omo Ðì`g§KmVm|Ho$ ~rM nmañn[aH$ AmH$f©UH$m hoVw hmoVr h¡.Bgr Vah AeŠV Zm^rH$s` D$Om© Omo ao{S>`moEŠQ>r{dQ>rHo$ hoVwV`m CËào{jV hþ rh¡. Am¡a geŠV Zm^rH$s` D$Om© Omo na‘mUwAm|Ho$ ‘Ü`dVu àm°Q>moZ Am¡a Ý yQ´>moZHo$ ^rVa KQ>H$ ŠdmŠg©²H$mo Omo‹S>Zodmbr geŠV Zm^rH$s` D$Om©Ho$ ê$n‘| CËào{jVhþ r h¡. `m| VrZ Am¡a D$Om©Am|H$mo Omo‹S> H$a D$Om©MmVw{d©Ü`H$m ñdrH$ma EH$Amdí`H$ CËàojm ‘mZ br J`r. naÝVw nwZ… H$B© d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofUm|‘| AeŠVZm^rH$s` D$Om© Am¡a BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ D$Om©Ho$ g’$b EH$sH$aUHo$ AmYmana BZ

161 162

XmoZm| D$Om©Am|Ho$ ^r geŠV Zm^rH$s` D$Om©Ho$ gmW EH$sH$aUÛmam EH$ ‘hmZ²EH$sH¥$V à{H«$`mH$mo ImoOZoHo$ à`mg ^r Mb aho h¢.26 A^r H¡$go-Š`m H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ H$~ BZ Mmam|Ho$ ^rVa H$m‘ H$aVr H$moB© EH$ hr D$Om© d¡km{ZH$m|H$mo{‘b Zm Om o `hm§ VwbZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ^mJdVnwamU (2&5&14) ^r ""Ðì §H$‘© M H$mbíM ñd^mdmo OrdEd M dmgwXodmV² namo... ZM AÝ`mo AWm}ApñV VÎdV…'' {Zê$nUÛmam Hw$N> Bgr VahHo$ ~«÷mÊS>H$m ‘m°S>b àX{e©V H$aZmMmhVm h¡. IwbmgmHo$ Vm¡ana Hw$N> ‘moQ>o g‘rH$aU ñdrH$ma H$a Mb| {H$""Ðì`=Matter'', ""H$‘©=Kinetic Energy'', ""H$mb=Time'', ""ñd^md=Static

Energy'', Am¡a ""Ord=Consciousness'', `m| ^mJdVr` VÎdm|Ho$ g‘H$jAmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ VÎdm|H$mo {Zhma| Vmo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ MmoIQ>Ho$ ^rVa Omo {MÌ àH$Q>hmoVm h¡ dh `hr {H$ ""AÝ`mo AWm} VÎdVmo ZmpñV'' AWm©V² AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ hr o gmao oX h¢.

CŠV BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ joÌH$m ñdê$n AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma `m| ‘mZmJ`m h¡:

BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ Va“{dñVmaH$m ì`mnH$joÌ27

bKwVa§J - Va§JX¡¿ ©gmaUr - XrK©Va§J------------------------------------------- Jm‘m EŠgao nam~|JZr & MjwJ«m©h²` & aŠVmÝV[aV = amS>ma ao{S>`mo-Q>o{b{dµOZ ~«m°S>H$mñQ>~|S>

-------------------------------------------

BZ {d{dY {H$aUm|Ho$ à oX BZH$s n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Va§J-b§~mB© ‘mÌHo$ AmYmana{Z ©a hmoVo h¢. Am¡a h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Ñí` Am¡a lì` H$m à oX ^r Ho$dbVa§Jm|H$s n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ b§~mB©Am|H$m hr oX h¡. Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV lì`Va§Jm|Ho$ Ûmam Ñí`md^mgZ ^r eŠ` hmo J`m h¡. AV… nXmWm]Ho$ ~rM AWdmCZHo$ JwUY‘m]Ho$ ~rM nañna AmË`pÝVH$ oXH$s YmaUm AmYw{ZH$ {MÝVZH$m{df` hmoZoHo$ ~Om` yVH$m{bH$ Xe©Zo{VhmgH$m {df` ~ZZo Om ahr h¡. AV…

""~«÷¡d BX§ {díd‘²'' ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gd©‘²'' ""gEd BX§ gd©‘²'' ""VV²gd©‘² A^dV²'' ""nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X² yV§ `ÀM ^ì`‘²'' ""gd¡ gd©‘² BX§OJV²'' ""`ÀM {H$pÄMX² OJV² gdª Ñí`Vo ly Vo@{n AÝV~©{híM VV² gdªì`mß` Zmam`U… pñWV…'' ""gdª gd©‘`‘²''28 Am{X AZoH$mZ oH$Cn{ZfX²dMZm|H$m CX²Kmof {H$ gd©Ì oXg{hîUw A oXê$n VmXmËå` hr h¡ Am¡adhr eZ¡…-eZ¡… AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ‘| ^r ‘mÝ` hmoVm Om ahm h¡. AñVw.

àH¥$VmZwgaUmW© Bg BboŠQ´>m°‘o½Zo{Q>H$ Va§J{dñVma‘| AdpñWV Mjwgo AJ«mh²Va“m|H$mo Z Ho$db àH$Q> {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ A{nVw CÝh| XoI-gwZ nmZoHo$CnH$aU ^r O~ CnbãY hmoVo hr h¢. AV… A~ BZ CnH$aUm|go J«mh² nXmWm]H$mo«‘{df` `m à‘m{df` ‘mZZm? `h gmoMZoH$mo A~ ~m{YV hmoZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡.

Xg H$amo‹S> àH$medf©H$s Xyarna AdpñWV {H$gr {nÊS>Ho$ Xg hOma df©nyd© {dZï>hmo OmZoHo$ ~mX ^r AmO-A^r CgH$s àmË`{jH$s à‘m, ""AZmJV‘² AVrV§M dV©‘mZ‘² AVrpÝÐ`§ {dàH¥$ï>§ ì`d{hV§ gå`H²$ ní`pÝV `mo{JZ…''(^mJ.nwam.10&61&21)Ý`m oZ àH$Q> hmo gH$Vr h¡. AdYo h¡ {H$ "gå`H²$'AWm©V² ""ZVw AgX{Zd©MZr`mÝ`Wm»`mË`m{Xê$noU''.

AV… Mmjwf lmdU ñnme©Z Am{X àË`jm|Ho$ {Zénm{YH$ Ed§ Am¡nm{YH$à‘mAm|Ho$ à oX, {Zénm{YH$ Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ «‘m|Ho$ à oX, ñdmn ‘yN>m© ‘pñVîH$mKmVAm¡fYm{XOÝ` «‘ gå‘mohZ Am{X ê$nm|‘| K{Q>V hmoVr AZw y{VAm|Ho$ {d{dYàH$mam|H$m nwZ‘y©ë`m§H$Z Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡.

(4) AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ‘|, AVEd. »`m{VH$s MMm©Ho$ AÝVJ©V-

(1)gmYmaU «mpÝV (Normal illusions)

(2)AgmYmaU «mpÝV (Abnormal illusions)

(3){Za{Yð>mZH$ «mpÝV (Hallucination)

163 164

`m| ‘yb‘| VrZ à oX {XIbm o OmVo h¢. BZ‘| gmYmaU «mpÝVHo$ ^r H$B©Cn oX CnbjU{d{Ygo `m| {XIbm o h¢ : (1/H$)g‘H$m{bH$ d¡gmÑí`‘ybH$«mpÝV, CXmhaUV`m, g‘mZ n[a‘mUHo$ Xmo dVw©bm|‘ogo EH$H$mo bKwn[a‘mUdmbo

dVw©bm|go Mmam| Koa boZona Am¡a XygaoH$mo XrK©n[a‘mUdmbo dVw©bm|go Koa boZona EH$~‹S>m Am¡a Xygam N>moQ>m {XIbm`r XoVm h¡. (1/I)nydm}ÎmaH$m{bH$ d¡gmÑí`‘ybH$«mpÝV CXmhaUV`m 30 goÝQ>r‘rQ>aH$s EH$ ‘w‹S>r hþB© aoImH$mo EH$mJ«Ñ{ï>go Hw$N> X¡a

VH$ {ZhmaZoHo$ ~mX VwaV grYr aoImna Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZona dh^r ‘w‹S>r hþB© {XIbm`rXoZo bJVr h¡. (1/J)^m¡{‘{VH$ «mpÝV`m§, BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ^r g‘mZ hmoZona^rCÝZVmH¥${V {V ©JmH¥${VH$s VwbZm‘| Á`mXm b§~r bJVr h¡. A{YH$mdH$meì`d{hVAmH¥${V g‘mZ hmoZona ^r AënmdH$meì`d{hV AmH¥${VH$s VwbZm‘| XrK©n[a‘mUdmbr bJVr h¡. Xmo g‘mZ n[a‘mUdmbo A§em|‘|go EH$H$mo AnojmH¥$V‘hËn[a‘mUdmbo A§er‘| `mo{OV {H$`m Om o Am¡a XygaoH$mo Aënn[a‘mUdmboA§er‘| `mo{OV {H$`m Om o Vmo ‘hX§erH$m A§e ‘hËn[a‘mUdmbm bJVm h¡.H$^r-H$^r A§erHo$ à{V^mgH$s àYmZVmHo$ de A§eH$m Aà{V^mg ^r hmoOmVm h¡ Vmo H$^r-H$^r A§eHo$ à{V^mgH$s àYmZVmHo$ de A§erH$m ^rAà{V^mg hmo OmVm h¡. Xmo g‘mZmÝVa aoImAm|na ~mh² H$moU `m AmÝVaH$moUdmbr aoImAm|H$m Ý`mg H$aZona ~mha `m ^rVa H$s Amoa Mm¡‹S>r hmoVr `m {gHw$‹S>Vrdo bJZo bJVr h¢. hëHo$ a§JH$s AmH¥${V Jhao a§JH$s AmH¥${VH$s VwbZm‘|‘hËn[a‘mUdmbr bJVr h¡. o Eogr «mpÝV`m§ h¡ Omo g^rH$mo gmYmaUê$noU hmoVrhr h¢, Z^moZ¡ë` `m BÝÐYZwf Ho$ à{V^mgH$s Vah. BZ Am¡nm{YH$ à{V^mgm|H$mo" «mpÝV' Bg{b o H$hm OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ AÝ` narjUm|Ho$ AmYmana BZ‘| ^m{gVhmoVo {df` ~m{YV hmo OmVo h¢29. Bg VahHo$ à{V^mgm|‘| ~mh² Cnm{Yde àVrVhmoVo VÏ`go AdJV hmoZona ^r Eogm Ad^mg {Zd¥Îm Zht hmo nmVm, O~{H$ AÝ`à‘mUm|Ho$ AmYmana d¡gm Z hmoZm ^r {gÕ hmoVm h¡. AV… BÝh| "gmYmaU «mpÝV'H$hm OmVm h¡.

àñVwV boIH$H$mo Bg {df`‘| AmJ«hHo$ gmW BVZm hr H$WZr` bJVm h¡ {H$"gmYmaU «mpÝV' Zm‘go nwH$mao OmVo BZ à{V^mgm|H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ g§KmV `m ~m¡{ÕH$H$ënZm AWm©V² AgË»`m{V `m AmË‘»`m{V `m A{Zd©MZr`»`m{V Ho$ AWm]‘|^ « m pÝVV`m ñdrH$ma boZ oH$s Ym §Yb Zht H$aZr Mm{h` o. Š`m | {H$

‘Zmo~wÕçh§H$ma{MÎma{hV Ho$‘oam ^r BZ VWmH${WV «mpÝVà{VnÝZ dñVwAm|H$m{MÌ d¡gm hr àH$Q> H$aVm h¡, O¡gm {H$ g^r gmYmaUOZm|H$mo à{V^mg hmoVm h¡.{Zd©ñÌ {XJå~a ewH$m{XgÑe AdYyV ‘w{Z`m|Ho$ gmjmËH$maH$s VwbZm‘| dëH$bm{XdñÌê$n {deofUm{X{d{eï> CZHo$ nyd©O d{eð> namea ì`mg Am{X ‘w{Z`m|Ho$gmjmËH$maH$mo, Ho$db {dH$ënmdJmhr hmoZoHo$ Xmofde, Š`m A{Zd©MZr`»`m{V`m AgË»`m{V ê$nm «mpÝV ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Š`m ewH$m{XgÑe {XJå~aAdYyVm|Ho$ hr gmjmËH$maH$mo, Ho$db {Z{d©H$ënmdJmhr kmZ hmoZoHo$ JwUde,àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZZoH$m {gÕmÝV ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡? AV… "gmYmaU «mpÝV'Ho$ê$n‘| H$ho OmVo BZ à{V^mgm|H$mo Š`m| Z "Am¡nm{YH$à‘m' Zm‘go nwH$maZmMm{h o? Ý`m`‘VHo$ AZwgma BVZm Vmo ñnï> hr h¡ {H$ dñÌ Am¡a d{eð>m{X ‘w{Z`m|Ho$ ~rM g‘dm` gå~ÝY Z hmoZogo {H$gr gmjmËH$ma‘| dñÌd¡{eï>çH$s VmoAÝ`Wm dñÌm^mdd¡{eï>çH$s à‘m ^r gå^d Vmo h¡ hr AV… BÝh| AZw y ‘mZdñVwAm|Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ JwUY‘© ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` AmJÝVwH$ JwUY‘© ‘mZZo‘| Š`mAmn{Îm hmo gH$Vr h¡? `h Y¡ ©nyd©H$ {d‘e© H$aZm Mm{h o.

^maVr` »`m{V{dMmaHo$ gÝX^©‘| ""A{Yð>mZHo$ `WmW© kmZgo {ZdË`©ewpŠVaOVgÑe «‘''H$mo {Zénm{YH$ «‘ ‘mZm J`m h¡; O~{H$, ""A{Yð>mZHo$`WmW© kmZgo A{ZdË © {H$ÝVw Cnm{YZmego {ZdË © AbmVMH«$ `m e§Inr{V‘mO¡go «‘m|''H$mo Am¡nm{YH$ «‘ ‘mZm J`m h¡. Eogm {d^mOZ AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ‘|BVZo ñnï> eãXm|‘| Zhr nm`m OmVm. d¡go hr Ho$emoÊS´>H$ (Flying Gnats)

H$U©Hw$hamÝVJw©ÄOZ (Humming sound in eardrum) O¡go {Za{Yð>mZH$ «‘m|Ho$~mao‘| AnZo `hm§ ^r gm§Jmonm§J {ddoMZm hmo Zht nm`r, ñdmpßZH$ à{V^mgHo$AndmXH$mo N>mo ‹S> H$a. AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZZo, naÝVw, {Za{Yð>mZH$ ^«‘(Hallucination) Am¡a gm{Yð>mZH$ «‘ (Illusion) Ho$ nmW©Š`Ho$ ~mao‘| ñdê$n,H$maU Am¡a {Zd¥Î wnm` Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moUgo n`m©ßV {ddoMZm H$s h¡. Oo.nr.{Jë’$m°S©>Zonydm}XmöV AnZo gm‘mÝ`‘Zmo{dkmZ‘| BZHo$ nmW©Š`H$mo BZ eãXm|‘| g‘Pm`m h¡""Bë wµOZ Hw$N> Z Hw$N> Vmo EopÝÐ`H$ CÔrnH$ Ambå~ZHo$ de hmoVm h¡ O~{H$hoë w{gZoeZ Vmo eVà{VeV H$ënZmde hr. d¡go `h gå^d h¡ {H$ `h ^r{H$gr BpÝÐ`H$mo AnZm AmYma ~Zm H$a àH$Q> hmo''30. gr.Q>r.‘m°J©Z Bgà oXH$mo BZ eãXm|‘| g‘PmVo h¢ "" «mpÝV`m§(gm{Yð>mZH$) BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam AÝV{Z©{dï>

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gyMZmAm|H$s àmË`{jH$ Am`moOZê$nm hmoVr h¢. «mpÝV(gm{Yð>mZH$) ñ‘¥{V Am{XAÝ`V‘ ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$`mH$bmnm|Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr ^r ~mh² H$maUgoAOÝ` H$^r Zht hmoVr, `m| dh Ho$db AÝV{Z©{‘©V àË`jmZw^y{Vê$nm^«mpÝV({Za{Yð>mZH$) Zht hmoVr''31. EVX²{df`H$ ^maVr` gÝX^m]‘o Hw$N> H$hZm-gmoMZm hmo Vmo ^mJdVnwamU (10&77&25-29)‘o lrH¥$îU Am¡a emëd-gm¡ Ho$wÕ‘| ~ÝXrHo$ ê$n‘| CnñWm{nV dgwXodHo$ à{V^mgH$m dU©Z `m Bg VahH$s

AÝ`^r BÝÐOmb{dÚm(Rope-trick) {Za{Yð>mZH$ «mpÝV`m§ hmo gH$Vr h¢.

»`m{VHo$ {d{eï>kmZ hmoZoH$s AWm©V² ~w{ÕH$s {d{dY d¥{Îm`m|H$s MMm©Ho$AÝVJ©V ñdßZH$mo {dn`m©ggo n¥WH²$ EH$ kmZHo$ àH$maV`m à{Vnm{XV H$aZoH$sCnn{Îm ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©Z o ^r, AVEd, BZ eãXm |‘ | Xr h ¡"""ñdmn…'=ñdßZê$nmo, {^ÝZg¥{ï>{df`ËdmV² Z nydm}ŠVofw AÝV^m©d…''32.

AVEd ñdßZ Am¡a {dn`m©g AWdm {Za{Yð>mZH$ Am¡a gm{Yð>mZH$, `m|‘yb‘| «‘Ho$ Xmo à oX ‘mZZo Mm{h o. h {Za{Yð>mZH$Vm Amamoß`‘mUgmÑí`moX²~moYH$A{Yð>mZHo$ A{^àm`de hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷ ^r A{Yð>mZ Z ~Z nm o Vmo EogrVmo H$moB© AZw y{V hr eŠ` Zht. AVEd ‘hmà wZo ^JdËH«$s‹S>mHo$ VrZ àH$mañdrH$mao h¢ ""1.`… H«$sS>{V 2.`mo OJX² yËdm H«$sS>{V Am¡a 3.`Vmo OJV²H«$sS>{V''33. BZ‘| V¥Vr` H$mo{Q>H$s H«$s‹S>mHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà^wH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$^JdmZ² Bg àH$maH$s H«$s‹S>m‘| {Z{b©ßV ahVo h¢. AWm©V² gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«÷AnZo gX§ego Bg àH$ma‘| {bßV Zht hmoVm. AV… dh AX² wVH$‘m© AnZr{deofepŠVÛmam Bg VahH$s H«$s‹S>m‘| Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m Ho$db à{V^mg hrCËnÝZ H$aVm h¡. AWm©V² Bg VahHo$ «mpÝVkmZ‘| kmZH$m CnmXmZ hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyXkm`‘mZ {df`H$m dh CnmXmZ Zht ~ZVm. AñVw.

Bgr Vah {dn`m©gHo$ nwZ… {Zénm{YH$ VWm Am¡nm{YH$ `m| Xmo Cn oX Am¡ahmoVo h¢. BZ‘| {Zénm{YH$ «mpÝVH$s ^maVr` {ddoMZmHo$ AZwgma `h H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ 1A{Yð>mZdñVw{df`H$ gm‘mÝ`kmZ, 2{deofmd^mg‘| à{V~ÝY,3A{Yð>mZ-Amamoß`H$m gmÑí`, 4Amamoß`‘mU dñVw{df`H$ nydm©Zw d, 5Amamoß`‘mUdñVw{df`H$ hmZmonmXmZmonojmpË‘H$m dmgZm, 6VÁOÝ` ho`monmXo`monojmË‘H$

g§ñH$mamoÔrnZ Am{X ^«mpÝVkmZH$s H$maUgm‘J«rH$mo Cnm{Y Zht ‘mZm OmVm.Š`m|{H$ A{Yð>mZHo$ VÎdkmZ hmoVo hr {Zénm{YH$ «mpÝV {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVr h¡. BgHo$Abmdm ~hþYm Bg VahH$s H$maUVmgm‘J«r gd©OZgmYmaU Z hmo H$a ì`pŠV{deofHo$gmW hr ahVr hmoVr h¡. AV… «mpÝVHo$ Bg àH$maH$mo gmYmaU àH$ma Zht ‘mZmOmVm.

O¡go gmYmaU Am¡a AgmYmaU «mpÝVAm|H$m n¥WŠH$aU ^maVr` {MÝVZ‘|gw{deX Zht hmo nm`m, Eogo hr gm{Yð>mZH$ Am¡a {Za{Yð>mZH$ ^«mpÝVAm|Ho$à oXH$m ^r gw{deX {Zê$nU hmo Zht nm`m h¡. ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ hoVw Bg‘| h‘maré{M «mpÝVkmZHo$ {df` Am¡a ñdê$n H$s {ddoMZm H$aZoH$s A{YH$ ~bdVr ahr~Om` {H$ «mpÝVkmZHo$ H$maUm|H$s {ddoMZmHo$.

d¡go `h Vmo gË` h¡ {H$ Ý`m`{~ÝXw‘|34 AmMm © Y‘©H$s{V©àXÎm «mpÝVkmZHo$CXmhaUm|H$s {ddoMZm H$aVo hþdo AmMm © Y‘m}ÎmaZo AnZr Q>rH$m‘| «mpÝVkmZHo$hoVwAm|Ho$ Mma dJ© {XIbm o h¢ :

1.BpÝÐ`JV2.{df`JV3.~mh²`ml`JV4.AÜ`mË‘JV.

`h n`m©ßV ‘hÎdnyU© n¥WŠH$aU h¡ naÝVw gmW hr gmW AVrd An`m©ßV ^rh¡. Š`m|{H$ gd©àW‘ Vmo BÝh| {Zénm{YH$ Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ hmoZoHo$ à oX‘mÌgo{ÛJw{UV H$aZona MmaHo$ ~Om` AmR> g§»`m {‘b gH$Vr Wr, d¡go AdmÝVa à oXAm¡a ^r A{YH$ BZHo$ gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢ :

1.BpÝÐ`JV hoVwHo$ AÝVJ©V : H$.ñd § H$aUJV (CXmhaUV`m MÝÐÛ`H$s«mpÝV) I.ì`mnmaJV (CXmhaUV`m Ho$emoÊS>H$H$s «mpÝV) Am¡a J.ghH$m[aH$maUJV

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(CXmhaUV`m n`m©ßV Am¡a Aën àH$me oXde dñVwHo$ dUm]‘| {^ÝZVmH$s «mpÝV).o hoVw ghO hr gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢.

2.Bgr Vah {df`JV hoVwHo$ AÝVJ©V : H$.Y{‘©{Zð> «mpÝVhoVwVm (CXmhaUV`mXyañW Z^…{nÊS>m|Ho$ Aënn[a‘mU hmoZoH$s «mpÝV) I.ñdm^m{dH$Y‘©{Zð> «mpÝVhoVwVm(CXmhaUV`m A{VgmÑí`de hmoVr A^oXH$s ^«mpÝV) J.AmJÝVwH$Y‘©{Zð>«mpÝVhoVwVm (CXmhaUV`m AmMm © Y‘©H$s{V©àXÎm AbmVMH«$H$s `m CnamJde

gy ©-MÝБ| H¥$îUdU© hmoZoH$s «mpÝV AWdm ‘mbVrHo$ ewîH$ nwînH$mo gy§KZonaAÝYOZH$mo A‘mbVr hmoZoH$s «mpÝV).

3.Bgr Vah ~mh² ml`Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ : H$. «mpÝVkmZHo${df`H$m ~mh² ml` (CXmhaUV`m E`anm°Q>©na H$ÝdoAa ~oëQ>Ho$ MbZona gm‘mZHo$MbZoH$s AWdm ~oH²$àm°OoŠeZde pñWa H$maHo$ MbZoH$s «mpÝV) I. «mpÝVkmZHo$H$aUH$m ~mh² ml` (CXmhaUV`m Í`m`m{‘H$ Mb{MÌm|H$mo XoIZo‘| à wŠV gì oVaaŠV Am¡a Zrb-h[aV dUm]Ho$ CnZoÌgo OÝ` «mpÝV) J. «mpÝVkmZHo$ H$Vm©H$m~mh² ml` (CXmhaUV`m ñd § Y‘©H$s{V©Ûmam àXÎm Zm¡H$mHo$ VoO MbZona VQ>ñWpñWa d¥jm|Ho$ Mbm`‘mZ hmoZoH$s «mpÝV).

4.AÜ`mË‘JV H$maUHo$ ~mao‘| ^r : H$.ghO (CXmhaUV`m gmh{OH$AkmZHo$ Xmofde ~«÷mZw y{V Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~«÷Ho$ AË`ÝVm^mdH$s «mpÝVAWdm h‘mao gm¡a n[admaH$s A§{eV`m AmH$meJ§JmHo$ Ñ{ï>JmoMa Z hmo nmZoH$s^«mpÝV) I.AmJÝVwH$ Xm ofde (CXmhaUV`m AmMm`© Y‘©H$s{V©àXÎmÁdam{Xg§{ZnmVde hmoVo Ád{bVñVå^m{X {df`m|H$s «mpÝV) Eogo AmÜ`mpË‘H$Xmofm|Ho$ à oX ^r gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢.

Bg Vah «mpÝVkmZH$s H$maUVmHo$ {dMmaHo$ ~mX A~ Wmo‹S>m-~hmoV ñdê$nEd§ dJm] Ho$ {dMmaHo$ gmW Bg MMm©H$m Cng§hma H$aZm h¡.

(5)

^ « m p ÝVkmZH o $ ~ma o‘ | {d{dY ‘Vm |H $ m O ¡gm n[an yU © g §H $bZ‘mZ‘o`ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$H$ma lrbú‘rnwa§ lr{ZdmgmMm`©OrZo {H$`m h¡, dhdñVwV… AÝ`Ì Xwb© g§H$bZ h¡. Bg‘| AmË‘»`m{V, AgË»`m{V, AÝ`Wm»`m{V,A»`m{V, gXgX{Zd©MZr`»`m{V, gË»`m{V, eyÝ`»`m{V, {Za{Yð>mZ»`m{V,AW©g§gJ©OmH$ma»`m{V Am¡a ~mh² mH$mam{n©VmH$ma»`m{V. BZ Xe{dY »`m{VdmXm|‘|AÝV y©V hmoVr Hw$N> Am¡a ^r à{H«$`mAm|H$m Bg J«ÝWaËZ‘| {Zê$nU-g§H$bZCnbãY hmoVm hr h¡. `h {H$gr ^r {OkmgwHo$ {b o dhtgo AÜ oVì` h¡. Bgà~ÝY‘| CgH$m nwZamdV©Z Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm. `hm§ Vmo ‘wPo dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|»`m{VHo$ ~mao‘| Omo {Zê$nU CnbãY hmoVm h¡ CgHo$ ì`m»`mZV`m Hw$N> {Zê$nUA{^àoV h¡.

^mJdVnwamUHo$ V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYH$m N>ã~rgdm§ AÜ`m` dmëb^ doXmÝVH$skmZ‘r‘m§gmH$m à‘wI AmH$a ñWb h¡. hm§ {MÎm-Ah§H$ma-‘Zmo-~w{ÕHo$ àmXw m©d,ñdê$n, bjU Ed§ {H«$`mH$bmnm| H$s MMm© ‘ybH$m[aH$mAm|Ho$ AZwgma AnZrgw~mo{YZr ì`m»`m‘| ‘hmà wZo H$s h¡. AV… dhm§Ho$ CÝVrg Am¡a Vrgd| íbmoH$‘|‘hmà wZo g§e`, {ZíM`, ñ‘aU, ñdßZ ê$nr kmZHo$ à oXm|Ho$ gmW {dn`m©gH$mo^r ~w{Õd¥{ÎmV`m à{Vnm{XV {H$`m h¡. ~w{ÕH$m ñdê$nbjU "Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZ'H$h H$a {X`m h¡. Bgr Vah ~w{ÕH$m H$m ©bjU CgHo$ "BpÝÐ`mZwJ«m{hH$m' hmoZoHo$ê$n‘| {X`m h¡. VXZwgma ~w{Õ AnZoÛmam `m ñd § AnZo ^rVa ~moÜ` dñVwH$moCËnÝZ Zht H$aVr naÝVw CËnÝZmZwËnÝZ(=Am{d^y©V-AZm{d^y©V) gX²dñVwHo$ñ’w$aU(={Z{d©H$ënH$mZw y{V)H$mo g{dH$ënH$mZw y{VV`m AWm©V² gm‘mÝ`V`m kmVdñVwH$mo {dH$ën{d{eï>V`m {dkm{nV H$aZoHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. `h ~w{ÕH$mñdê$nbjU h¡. H$m ©bjU, naÝVw, BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h H$aZm h¡. AWm©V² {OZAm§I m H$mZ Am{X BpÝÐ`m|go, Omo {XIbm`r m gwZm`r Xo ahm h¡, CZ {XIbm`r`m gwZm`r XoVr dñVwAm|H$mo ^br^m§{V XoI `m gwZ nmZo Am{X‘| ghm`Vm H$aZm~w{ÕH$m BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h h¡, BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ kmZopÝÐ` hmoZona. ~w{Õ Bgr Vah {H$grH$‘m©W© Moï>m H$aVr H$‘}pÝÐ`m|H$mo ^r H$‘© gånÝZ H$adm XoZo‘| ^r ghm{`H$m~ZVr h¡. h O{Q>b CÎmaXm{`Ëd ~w{Õ AnZr g§e` {dn`m©g {ZíM` ñ‘aU Am¡añdßZ ê${nUr n§M{dY d¥{ÎmAm|Ûmam gånÝZ H$aVr h¡.

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AVEd {H$gr ^r gOrd àmUrHo$ {b o BZ nm§Mm| d¥{ÎmAm|‘|go {H$gr^r EH$d¥{ÎmH$s Cn`mo{JVm AÝ` d¥{Îmgo Ý yZ Zht hmoVr. àË oH$ {ZíM`Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo‘|g§e`H$s H$moB© Cn`mo{JVm AJa Z hmoVr Vmo doXmÝV{dMmaHo$ A{YH$aUHo$ nm§MA§Jm|‘|go àW‘m§J {Z{d©H$ënkmZñWmZr` {df`dmŠ`Ho$ {ZX}eHo$ ~mX {ÛVr`m§Jg§e`H$m H$moB© ñWmZ hr hmoZm Zht Mm{h o Wm. Bgr Vah {ÛVr`m§J g§e` `{Xn`m©ßV hmoVm Vmo {dn`m©gñWmZr` nyd©njH$mo H$^r V¥Vr`m§JV`m ‘mÝ` Zht aIZmMm{h o Wm. nyd©njH$m {ZagZ {Og MVwWmªJ CÎmanjÛmam hmoVm h¡, dh `{X{ZíM`mH$maH$ Z hmo Vmo ~mV hr Zht ~Z nmVr h¡. ApÝV‘ A§J g§J{V ^r{dMm ©{df`Ho$ nydm}Îma^mdHo$ {d{dY àH$mam|Ho$ ñ‘aUHo$ {~Zm eŠ` hr Zht.

ahr ~mV ñdßZHo$ {Zambå~Z kmZ hmoZoH$s Am¡a CgHo$ Eogo àMmaH$s Omo`moJmMmadmXr ~m¡Õm|Zo O‘ H$a {H$`m. naÝVw ñd § JdmZ² ~wÕH$s OZZr ‘m`mXodrH$modh ‘mÝ` hmoJm {H$ Zht `h {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ ^XÝV AídKmof H$hVoh¢ ""àm½J ©YmZmX² ‘ZwOoÝÐnËZr {gV§ XXe© {ÛnamO‘² EH§$, ñdßZo {deÝV§dnw… AmË‘Z… gm Z VpÝZ{‘Îm§ g‘dmn Vmn§, gm Vñ` Xodà{V‘ñ` XodrJ }U d§e{l`‘² CÛhÝVr'' 35. AV… ^JdmZ² ~wÕHo$ J^©àdoeHo$ ñdßZH$mo{Zambå~Z hmoZogo gd©Wm A{dídgZr` Vmo ‘m`mXodr ‘mZVr Zht hm|Jr Am¡a ZA{YH$m§e ~m¡Õm|Zo Eogm H$^r ‘mZm ñd § Cn{ZfX²H$mo r AmË‘mHo$ ñd`ÄÁ`mo{Vï‰>H$mà{VnmXZ ñdmpßZH$ kmZHo$ {~Zm {Zê$nU H$aZm gwhmVm Zht h¡ ""AÌ A §nwéf… ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V… ^d{V'' 36. Bgr Vah ñd § ~«÷gyÌH$ma ^r ñdmpßZH$kmZH$mo lw{VHo$ ~bna `WmW©H$m gyMH$ Vmo ‘mZVo hr h¢37. AV… doXmÝV O¡go‘hZr` Jå^ra {dMmajoÌ‘| ^r O~ ñdmpßZH$ kmZH$m BVZm ‘hÎd ‘mÝ` aImJ`m hmo V~ gmYmaU OZm|Ho$ X¡ZpÝXZ ì`dhma‘| BZH$s An[ahm © Cn`mo{JVmH$mAñdrH$ma H¡$go gå^d h¡?

EH$ Am¡a ~mV Omo Bg ‘mo‹S>na gmdYmZrHo$ gmW g‘P boZr Mm{h o dh `hh¡ {H$ BZ ~w{Õd¥{Îm`m|Ho$ Ag§H$sU© ñdê$nHo$ à{VnmXZHo$ AmYmana, AVEd, Eogm{gÕ Zht hmo nmVm {H$ BZ n§M{dY d¥{Îm`m|Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ AÝ`moÝ`g§{‘lUHo$ deAÝ`moÝ`g§H$sU© ñdê$n hmo hr Zht gH$Vo.

`h Vmo gM h¡ {H$ gåàXm`‘| ‘mÝ` dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ {H$gr ^r nyd©J«ÝW‘|BgH$m {Zê$nU CnbãY Zht hmoVm naÝVw ‘hmà wH$s ‘mÝ`VmHo$ {dnarV `{X `hm§Hw$N> H$hm Om ahm hmo Vmo ‘hmà wgo Bg AnamYH$s j‘m`mMZmHo$ gmW AÝ`Wmnydm©Mm ©dMZgo A{déÕ à{VnmXZ ‘mZ boZoHo$ Xw…gmhgHo$ gmW Hw$N> {Zê$nU ‘¢H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm.

CpëbpIV V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYgw~mo{YZr‘| CnbãY hmoVr kmZ‘r‘m§gmHo$ AmYmana‘wPo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ gd©àW‘ M¡VÝ`Ho$ Xmo à oX ñdrH$maZo Mm{h o : 1.H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdê$nr epŠV`m| Am¡a Zm‘-ê$nm|Ho$ AZÝV d¡{dÜ` H$s gå^mdZmAm|H$moAnZo ^rVa g‘m{hV aIZodmbm Xoe-H$mb-dñVw-n[aÀN>oXa{hV ~«m{÷H$g‘{ï>M¡VÝ` 2.ì`{ï>M¡VÝ` {H$ {Og‘| g‘{ï>H$s An[apÀN>ÝZ gm‘Ï ©H$s A§eê$nmgd©{dY `m Ý yZm{YH$ g^r gm‘Ï © n[apÀN>ÝZ n[a‘mU‘| {Vamo{hV `m Am{d y©VahVr hm|.

Bg Y{‘©JV VWm Y‘©JV A§eê$nm n[apÀN>ÝZVmHo$ H$maU, Bg‘|~mh² mä`ÝVaH$m à oX I‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡, Omo g‘{ï>MoVZmHo$ gÝX ©‘| gmoMm ZhtOm gH$Vm Wm. AVEd Bg ì`{ï>MoVZm‘| ko (^d{V) Am¡a kmZ(AZw dm{‘) H$mà oX AnZogo ~mh² Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ KQ>ZmAm| `m VÏ`m| Ho$ ê$n‘| à{V^m{gVhmoVm h¡. Ohm§ ~mh² mä`ÝVa XmoZm|‘| g§dmX bJVm h¡, dhm§ à‘mË‘H$ kmZ hmoVmh¡. Ohm§ {dg§dmX bJVm h¡ dhm§ Aà‘mË‘H$ kmZH$m AZwì`dgm` hmoVm h¡.ì`{ï>MoVZmH$s AmË‘mZw y{V(AZw dm{‘) r {Zénm{YH$ àVr{V Z hmo H$a Am¡nm{YH$AWm©V² {MÎm Ah§H$ma ‘Z Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$ CnH$aUm|Ûmam hr gånÝZ hmoZodmbrAZw y{V ‘mZr J`r h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm Bg ì`{ï>MoVZm‘| ko mZw y{V(^d{V)Ho${b`o Ho$db AÝV…H$aU ^r n`m©ßV Zht hmoVo A{nVw ~mh²` kmZopÝÐ` Am¡aH$‘}pÝÐ` r ~mh² CnH$aUV`m Ano{jV hmoVo h¢. AVEd hm§ "Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZ'Am¡a "BpÝÐ`mZwJ«h' ñdê$nbjU Am¡a H$m ©bjU dmbr ~w{ÕH$m Cn`moJ Ano{jVhmoVm h¡. o Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZ Am¡a BpÝÐ`mZwJ«h Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdê$n{Zdm©h Am¡aH$m ©{Zdm©h ~w{Õ AnZr g§e` {dn © {ZíM` ñ‘aU Am¡a ñdßZ ê$nm n§M{dYd¥{ÎmAm|Ûmam gånÝZ H$aVr h¡.

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AV… ì`{ï>MoVZmHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZHo$ gÝX ©‘| gd©àW‘ :

1.`WmWm©Zw d 2.`mWmÏ`m©ZZw d 3.A`WmWm©Zw d -`m| VrZ àH$ma ñdrH$maZo Mm{h o.

`WmWm©Zw dHo$ gw~mo{YZrH$maZo VrZ àH$ma {XIbm o h¢ : 1/H$.àË`j 1/I.AZw{‘{V 1/J.emãX.

`mWmÏ`m©ZZw dHo$ Mma àH$ma `m| gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢ : 2/H$.{Z{d©H$ënH$2/I.AkmZHo$ {d{dY àH$ma {ZÐm-‘m¡T²>çm{X 2/J.g§e` 2/K.ñ‘aU.

A`WmWm©Zw d AWm©V² {dn`m©gHo$ ‘yb‘| Xmo àH$ma : 3/H$.gm{Yð>mZH$ Am¡a3/I.{Za{Yð>mZH$. BZ‘| gm{Yð>mZH$ {dn`m©gHo$ nwZ… Xmo : 3/H$/1.{Zénm{YH$Am¡a 3/H$/2.Am¡nm{YH$. Bgr Vah {Za{Yð>mZH$Ho$ nwZ… Xmo àH$ma : 3/I/1.g§‘mohZ EoÝÐOm{bH$ amoJ AmKmV Am{Xgo OÝ` «mpÝV 3/I/2.ñdmpßZH$s^«mpÝV.

BZ {Ì{dY kmZm|Ho$ àH$mam|Ho$ nañna{‘lUgo AÝ` AZoH${dY Cn oX àH$Q>hmo gH$Vo h¢ Eogm ‘wPo àVrV hmoVm h¡. VXZwgma {ZíM`mÝVJ©V àË`j AZw{‘{VemãX Am¡a A{ZíM`mÝVJ©V ñ‘¥{V Am¡a ñdßZ BZ nm§Mm|‘| g§e`mH$maH${dn`m©gmH$maH$ {ZíM`mH$maH$ ñ‘aUmH$maH$ Am¡a ñdßZmH$maH$ g§H$sU© kmZghO gå^d bJVo h¢.

1.g§H$sU© g§e`: ({dn`m©gmË‘H$ g§e`)Hw$N> g§e` {dn`m©gmH$maH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢, `Wm, XodXÎmH$mo XoI H$a

Eogm g§e` hmoZm {H$ ""`h XodXÎm hmo ^r gH$Vm Am¡a H$Xm{MV² Z ^r hmo''.({ZíM`mË‘H$ g§e`)Bgr Vah Hw$N> g§e` {ZíM`mÝVJ©V àË`jmH$maH$ hmoVo h¢, CXmhaUV`m,""A § ñWmUwdm© nwéfmo dm'' Hw$N> g§e` AZw{‘Ë`mH$maH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢, CXmhaUV`m,

""eãXmo {ZË`mo dm A{ZË`mo dm'' Hw$N> g§e` emãX~moYmH$maH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢,`Wm, XodXÎmmoŠV ""ZÚmñVrao nÄM ’$bm{Z gpÝV'' Am¡a `kXÎmmoŠV ""ZÚmñVraonÄM ’$bm{Z Z gpÝV'' Eogo Xmo dMZm|H$mo gwZZona emãX~moYmË‘H$ g§e` hmoVmh¡ {H$ ZXrHo$ VQ>na nm§M ’$b h¢ {H$ Zht (ñ‘aUmË‘H$ g§e`)Bgr Vah Hw$N> g§e`ñ‘aUmH$maH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ """ZÚmñVrao nÄM ’$bm{Z gpÝV' dMZ§ XodXÎmmoŠV§`kXÎmmoŠV§ dm''.

2.g§H$sU© {dn`m©g: (g§e`mË‘H$ {dn`m©g)Bgr Vah ewpŠVHo$ ~mao‘| ""BX§ aOV§ Z dm'' kmZ g§e`mË‘H$

{dn`m©g h¡. ({ZíM`mË‘H$ {dn`m©g){ZíM`mË‘H$ {dn`m©gHo$ AÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ àË`jmË‘H${dn`m©g ""BX§ aOV‘²''Ho$ ê$n‘| {d»`mV hr h¡. hoËdm^mgm|Ho$ de hmoVrAZw{‘{VAm|H$mo AZw{‘Ë`mË‘H$ {dn`m©g Š`m| Zht ‘mZZm? Bgr Vah ""VX² EojV~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o '' lw{V‘|37 {Zénm{YH$ ~«÷ {dd{jV h¡ `m ‘m`monm{YH$ ~«÷Eogo àíZHo$ CR>Zona Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr doXmÝVrH$mo {Zénm{YH$ ~÷H$m ~moYemãX~moYmË‘H$ {dn`m©g bJoJm Am¡a ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr doXmÝVrH$mo gmonm{YH$ ~«÷H$m~moY emãX~moYmË‘H$ {dn`m©g bJoJm. AV… Cgo emãX~moYmË‘H$ {dn`m©g Š`m|Zht ‘mZZm? (ñ‘aUmË‘H$ {dn`m©g)‘oao EH$ n[a{MV gÁOZH$mo ~hmoV AagoHo$ ~mX AH$ñ‘mV²{‘bZ hmoZona ‘¢Zo nyN>m {H$ ""AmnZo ‘wPo nhMmZm?'' Vmo do ~mobo ""Aao AmnH$moH¡$go yb gH$Vm hÿ§ Amn Xr{jVOrHo$ nwÌ CÎm‘íbmoH$ hmo'' ‘¢Zo CÝh| `mX {Xbm`m{H$ dh Vmo ‘oam AZwO h¡. ‘oam Zm‘ Vmo "í`m‘‘Zmoha' h¡ Vmo ~mobo Zm‘ Mmho OmoHw$N> hmo, hmo Vmo Xr{jVOrHo$ nwÌ hr Z R>rH$ `hr Vmo ñ‘aUmË‘H$ {dn`m©g hmo J`m

3.g§H$sU© {ZíM`: (g§e`mË‘H$ {ZíM`)g§e`g§H$sU© {ZíM` ~hþYm aÁOwHo$ ~mao‘| `m| hmoVm h¡ : ""aÁOw

AWdm gn© Xmo‘|go EH$ Vmo Hw$N> h¡ hr'' . ({dn`m©gmË‘H$ {ZíM`) «‘g§H$sU© {ZíM`H$mo~hþYm ""Jwé‘V§ ZVw Jwamo… ‘V‘²…'' O¡go {ZÝXmdMZm|Ûmam àH$Q> {H$`m OmVm h¡.(ñ‘aUmË‘H$ {ZíM`)ñ‘¥{Vg§H$sU© {ZíM` ""ñ‘ ©‘mUÝVw BËW‘od'' O¡go dMZm|ÛmamàH$Q> {H$`m OmVm h¡. (ñdßZmË‘H$ {ZíM`)ñdßZg§H$sU© àË`j, {X {dÛmZm|H$mo Amn{ÎmOZH$Z bJVm hmo Vmo, ‘¢ AmgpŠV «‘OÝ` ""gm gm gm gm OJ{V gH$bo H$mo@`‘²AÛ¡VdmX…'' O¡go {XdmñdßZm|Ho$ CX²Jmam|‘| ImoOZm Mmhÿ§Jm.

173 174

4.g§H$sU© ñ‘aU: (g§e`mË‘H$ ñ‘aU) ge§ mË‘H$ ñ‘aU ""VÌ VXm XodXÎm… AmgrX² `kXÎmmo

dm?'' {H$go Zht hmoVm? ({dn`m©gmË‘H$ ñ‘aU) Bgo hr XodXÎm hmoZoHo$ `mWmÏ`©Ho$gÝX ©‘| ""`kXÎmEd AmgrX²'' dMZmdbr‘| àH$Q> H$aZona ñnï>V`m nhMmZmOm gH$Vm h¡. ({ZíM`mË‘H$ ñ‘aU) CpëbpIV XodXÎmH$s yVH$mbrZ {dÚ‘mZVmHo$gÝX^©‘| ""XodXÎmEd AmgrX²'' dMZmdbrÛmam àH$Q> hmoVr ~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$mo{ZíM`mH$maH$ ñ‘aUV`m H¡$go Zht ñdrH$maZm?

5.g§H$sU© ñdmn: (g§e`mË‘H$ ñdmn) g§e`g§H$sU© ñdmpßZH$ kmZ ñdßZHo$ AÝVJ©V hmoVr g§e`mH$m[aH$m

~w{Õd¥{ÎmHo$ ê$n‘| AZoH$ bmoJm|H$mo hmoVr hr h¡ Eogm nyN> H$a XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡.({dn`m©gmË‘H$ ñdmn) {dn`m©gg§H$sU© ñdßZH$m à‘mU ^r ñdßZ‘| ^r ""BX§ aOV§-ZoX§aOV‘²'' ê$n Amamon Am¡a AndmXmË‘H$ kmZHo$ Ûmam ~hþOZmZw yV VÏ` h¡.({ZíM`mË‘H$ ñdmn) AWm©V² {ZíM`g§H$sU© ñdmpßZH$ kmZHo$ Vmo EH$ Zht AZoH$mZoH$CXmhaU {dÛmZm| d¡km{ZH$m| H${dAm| {MÌH$mam| ‘y{V©H$mam| Ed§ g§JrVH$mam| Ho$ BVZogmao ñdmZw d CpëbpIV h¢ {H$ CZH$s Vm{H©$H$ empãXH$ dUm©H¥${Vgå~pÝYVamJ-Vmbm{XH$s {OZ g‘ñ`mAm|H$m g‘mYmZ OmJVo g‘` ~w{Õ ImoO Z nm`rCÝh| gmoZoHo$ ~mX ñdßZàXe©ZÛmam ~w{ÕZo OVm {X o. (ñ‘aUmË‘H$ ñdmn) d¡go Vmo ñ‘¥{VAm¡a ñdßZ H$m nañna gå~ÝY BVZm K{Zð> h¡ {H$ ""Ñï>… lwVmo@Zw yVíMàm{W©V… H$pënVñVWm ^m{dH$mo XmofOíM¡d ñdßZ… gßV{dY… ñ‘¥V…''38

à{gÕ CpŠVHo$ AZwgma gmV‘|go nm§M àH$maHo$ ñdßZ Vmo ñ‘¥{VH$s Vah hrnydm©Zw yV dñVw{df`H$ g§ñH$maHo$ CX²~wÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. ñ‘¥{VHo$àmH$Q²>ç‘| naÝVw ""gÑemÑï>{MÝVmÚm… ñ‘¥{V~rOñ` ~moYH$m…''39 CpŠVHo$AZwgma OmJ«ËH$mbrZ gÑeXe©Z Am{X hoVw ~ZVo h¢ O~{H$ ñdßZ‘| Vmonydm©Zw^yVdñVw{df{`Ur H$m‘-H«$moY-bmo^-‘moh-‘X-‘mËg`m©pË‘H$m AgÝVwï>dmgZm | hr ~hþYm ñdßZXe©ZmW© OrdH$mo CH$gmVr h¢. Bg Eogo ñdê$nHo$ H$maUZht àË`wV ñd`§ ñdßZ‘| ñdßZmpÝVH$ g§e` {ZíM` ^«mpÝV H$s hr VahñdßZmpÝVH$ ñ‘aU ^r àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡. Bg AW©‘| ñ‘aUg§H$sU© ñdßZHo$dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nH$mo g‘PZm Mm{h o.

6.{H«$`mg§H$sU© n§M{dY ~w{Õd¥{Îm`m§: AÝV‘| ~w{ÕH$mo, Š`m|{H$ "BpÝÐ`mZwJ«m{hH$m' H$hm J`m h¡ Am¡a BpÝÐ` Ho$db

kmZopÝÐ` hr Zht hmoVr A{nVw H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ ^r hmoVr hr h¢. AV… ~w{Õ AnZr BZn§M{dY d¥{ÎmAm|Ho$ Ûmam H$‘}pÝÐ`m|na ^r AZwJ«h AZZwJ«h `m Cnojm ^r H$aVrhmoZoHo$ H$maU nX-dmŠ`moÀMmaUm{X dmŠH$‘©, J«hU-Ë`mJm{X H$aH$‘©,J‘ZmondoeZm{X MaUH$‘© Am{X {H«$`mAm|Ho$ AZwð>mZ‘| g§e` {dn`m©g {ZíM`VWm ñ‘aU ê$nm d¥{Îm`m§ àH$Q> H$aVr hr h¡. {H«$`mg§e` {H«$`m{dn`m©g {H«$`m{ZíM`VWm {H«$`mñ‘aU ^r H$‘}pÝÐ`m|‘| `Wm`W àH$Q> hmoVo hr h¢.

(6) Cng§hma‘| nwZ… `hr H$hZm A{^àoV h¡ {H$ kmZmZwf§{JH$ {H«$`m kmZV`m hr

br OmZr Mm{h o Am¡a H$‘m©Zwf§{JH$ kmZ H$‘©V`m. O¡go {ZíM`mZwf§{JH$ AkmZg§e` {dn`m©g Am¡a ñ‘aU doXmÝVH$s A{YH$aUmpË‘H$m {dMmaar{V‘| {ZíM`m§JhmoZogo {ZíM`ê$n hmoVo h¢. Ed‘od, CXmhaUV`m, nd©Vna Yy{bnQ>bXe©Z‘y{bH$m""nd©Vmo dpôZ‘mZ² Yy‘mV² ‘hmZgm{XdV²'' AZw{‘{V {ZíM`mpË‘H$m hmoZona ^r«mÝË §JV`m «‘mpË‘H$m ~Z OmVr h¡. O¡go AZw{‘Ë §JV`m ì`mpßVñ‘aU ñ‘¥{Vê$n

Z hmo H$a AZw y{Vê$n hr hmo OmVm h¡. AWdm O¡go {bpIVmja Üd{Z `m eãXê$n Z hmoZona ^r ÜdÝ §J yV `m eãXm§J yV àË`jJmoMa g§Ho$V-{MÝh hmoZogoemãX~moYOZH$ hmo OmVo h¢. dhr H$Wm ~w{ÕH$s ^r AÝ`moÝ`g§H$sU© d¥{Îm`m|‘|ñdrH$ma boZr Mm{h o. AVEd ‘hmà wH$m Bg ~mao‘| h EH$ AVrd ‘ZZr` CÒmah¡ : ""dñVwVñVw ~«÷kmZo V{XVakmZm^mdmo@{n kmZñdê$n‘od''40.

{ZîH$f©V`m Omo AZw y{V gd©Ñï¥>gmYmaU hmoZona ^r VH©$V… CnnÝZ Z hmoVrhmo, gmW hr gmW Eogr àVr{VH$m ~mYkmZ ^r H$^r hmoVm Z hmo; Am¡a,‘Zmo~wÕçh§H$ma{MÎma{hV CnH$aUm|go d¡go àVr`‘mZ AW©H$s d¡go ñdê$nH$mà{V^mgZ ^r hmoVm hmo, Vmo Cgo Am¡nm{YH$ «‘ ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` Am¡nm{YH$àË`jV`m ‘mÝ` H$aZm Mm{h o. BgHo$ CXmhaUV`m, Z^moZ¡ë`Ho$ à{V^mgH$mo{JZm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. AÝ`Wm AmU{dH$ g§aMZm, Ý`m`ñWm{nV ‘mZXÊS>H$moAZwgaZm hmo Vmo, ÌgaoUwgo gyú‘Va ÛçUwH$ `m na‘mUw Ho$ AWdm AmYw{ZH${dkmZH$s n[a^mfm‘| ‘m°boŠ yb `m EQ>{‘H$ AWdm g~EQ>{‘H$ ñQ´>ŠMa Ho$, BZ‘|

175 176

Hw$N>H$m à{V^mgZ Vmo VÎmX² {deof CnH$aUm|Ûmam gd©Wm eŠ` hmo hr J`m h¡. CZCnH$aUm|Ho$ gmhmæ`Ho$ {~Zm {H$ÝVw Xe©Z-ñne©Z Am{X eŠ` Z hmoZogo Š`mCnH$aUmonm{YH$ à{V^mgZm|H$m| ^r ^«‘ ‘mZ boZm? Š`m Eogo à{V^mgm|H$moAm¡nm{YH$ «mpÝV ‘mZZodmbm AnZo EŠgao `m gmoZmoJ«m’$s Am{X CnH$aUm|goearaHo$ ^rVa {H$gr {dH$Q> {H$ÝVw eë`{M{H$ËgmÛmam {ZamH$aUr` {dH¥${VH$mo«mpÝV ‘mZ boZoH$m Xw…gmhg A~ H$a gH$Vm h¡? ñnï> h¡ {H$ Eogr pñW{V‘|

àVr`‘mZ {df`Ho$ Am¡nm{YH$ ê$n, JwU, Y‘©, AmH¥${V, H$‘© `m gå~ÝYAm{XH$mo, O~ H$moB© ‘Zmo~wÕçh§H$ma{MÎmdmZ² àmUr {Zénm{YH$ à{V^mg ‘mZ bo,V~ Vmo Cgo "Am¡nm{YH$ «mpÝV' ‘mZZr Mm{h o. BgHo$ àmMrZ CXmhaUV`m VoO~hVr Zm¡H$m‘| ~¡R>o ì`pŠVH$mo ZXrVQ>JV d¥jm|Ho$ J{Verb hmoZoH$s àVr{V,e§Inr{V‘mH$s àVr{V `m Ho$emoÊS´>H$H$s àVr{V H$mo `{X H$moB© Ñ{ï>{dH$mamonm{YH$‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` {dbjU Ñí` dñVw ‘mZ bo Vmo dh Am¡nm{YH$ «mpÝV hmo gH$Vrh¡. AÝ`Wm Am¡nm{YH$ àË`jH$s {dYmHo$ ê$n‘| hr BÝh| ‘mÝ` H$aZm Mm{h o.Am¡a Zht Vmo Š`m|? `h Jå^ra {dMma A~ ‘m§JVm h¡.

gÝX^©1.»`m{VdmXHo$ ~mao‘| H$mí‘raàË`{^kmXe©ZHo$ AZwgma «mpÝVkmZHo$ hoVw Am¡a

ñdê$n `m| {Zê${nV hþdo h¢ : #B(hoVw)#A""{Û{dYÄM AkmZ§ ~w{ÕJV§ nm¡éf§ M.VÌ ~w{ÕJV‘² A{ZíM`ñd^md§ {dnarV{ZíM`mË‘H§$ M. nm¡éfÝVw{dH$ënñd^md§ gL²Hx${MVàWmË‘H$‘². VXodM ‘ybH$maU§ g§gmañ` B{V dú`m‘mo‘b{ZU©`o''(lr‘Ý‘hoídamMm`© A{^ZdJwßVH¥$Vo VÝÌgmao AmpôZ.1-4).(ñdê$n)""VVmo `mdVm nyU}Z ê$noU à»`mVì`‘² {d‘e©n ©ÝV§ VmdV² Z à»`mVr{VAn yU ©»`m{Vê$nm A»`m{Va od ^ « m p ÝVVÎd‘ ². VÛe oZ {hAgX²{dnarVm{Zd©MZrdMZr`»`mV`mo@{n CÀ`ÝVm‘²({d‘.). "`mdVm nyU}Zê$noU'={d‘e©n ©ÝVoZ "BX§ aOV‘²' B{V, gË`{d‘e©n ©ÝV§ {dlmpÝVn ©ÝV§"à»`mVì`§'=àH$Q>rH$aUr`‘² AmgrV² "VmdX² Z à»`m{V'=àH$Q>rH$amo{V«mpÝV…...B{V AnyU©kmZê$nm ZVw »`mË`^mdê$nm "A»`m{V…'=AkmZ§...

^ « m p ÝVñdê$n § ^d{V... An yU ©»`m{Vde oZ V ¡ñV ¡ … dm{X{^…"AgX²{dnarVm{Zdm©À`m{X»`mV`mo@{n CÀ`ÝVm§' H$m hm{Z… AnyU©kmZÝVw AÌ

VmdX² ApñV ewŠVo… aOVV`m J«hUmX² B{V ^md…. "Am{X'eãXoZAmË‘»`m{VJ «hU‘ ²'.' (^mñH$.) (B ©ídaàË`{^km{d‘e ©Zr VWm^mñH$ar.A{Y.2&AmpôZ.3&H$m[a.13). `h hoVw Am¡a ñdê$n H$m {Zê$nUhþdm naÝVw «mpÝV^mV {df`Ho$ ñdê$nH$s {Okmgm hmo Vmo lrA{^ZdJwßVH$màñVwV dMZ AdYo` h¡ ""{H$ÄM ^«mÝVm¡ AgX² dm AmË‘mH$mamo dmà»`m{V'.'(B©ídaàË`{^kmd{d‘e©Zr A{Y.1&AmpôZ.3&H$m[a.4) AV…{df`Ñï>çm AmË‘»`m{V ^r gå^d bJVr hr h¡.

2.Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX` (bKr`ñÌ`H$m[aH$m : 1&3). `hm§ `Ú{n ñd § ‘ybH$malrAH$b§H$ `m ì`m»`mH$ma lrà^mMÝÐ Zo "Mmdm©H$'Zm‘moëboInyd©H$A»`m{VH$m {d‘e© Zht {H$`m VWm{n {dÛmZ² gånmXH$Zo AÝ`mÝ` J«ÝWm|H$sEH$dmŠ`VmHo$ AmYmana Bgo Mmdm©H$‘VV`m gy{MV {H$`m h¡.

3.""Vñ‘mX² {d^ŠV… AmH$ma… gH$bmo dmgZm~bmX² ~{h… AW©Ëda{hV… VVmoAZmbå~Zm ‘{V…. AVEd gd} àË``m AZmbå~Zm… àË``ËdmV²ñdßZàË``dX²...'' àkmH$aJwßVH¥$V dm{V©H$mb§H$ma (3&330 n¥.22 amhþbgm§H¥$Ë`m`Zg§ñH$aU).

4.""AmË‘»`m{VagË»`m{Va»`m{V… »`m{VaÝ`Wm VWm{Zd©MZ»`m{V…BË oË»`m{VnÄMH§$, `moJmMmam ‘mÜ`m{‘H$mñVWm ‘r‘m§gH$mA{n Z¡ m{`H$m…‘m{`ZíM nÄM »`mVr… H«$‘mX² OJw…''(^r‘mMm © PbH$sH$a{da{MV Ý`m`H$moe: "»`m{V'/1).

5.em§H$a doXmÝVm{^‘V gdm©ZW©hoVw yV A{dÚmH$s AmdaU VWm {djon epŠVAm|Ho${dMmago, AWdm dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$s AmÀN>m{XH$mAm¡a AÝ`WmàVr{VhoVw^yVm epŠVAm|Ho$ {dMmago ^r àË`oH$ ^«mpÝVkmZgo{Z`Vnyd©d{V©VmHo$ de A{Yð>mZH$m A^mZ/AkmZ Am¡a Amamoß`‘mU {df`Ho$AÝ`Wm^mZ/AÝ`WmkmZê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU A»`m{V Am¡a AÝ`Wm»`m{Vg^r {dMmaH$m|Ho$ «mpÝVH$maUV`m AWdm «mpÝVñdê$nV`m Jbon{VV hràVrV hmoVr hmoZogo Ðï>ì` : ""A»`mVm¡ dm AÝ`Wm»`mVm¡ {dl‘…gd©dm{XZm‘²''(‘mZ‘o ahñ`íbmoH$dm{V©H$=60-61&295-306).

6.^JdÒrVm : 2&16.7.Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaU{da{MV »`m{VdmX(n¥ð>:12).

177 178

8.""VÕoX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV² VX² Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`V Agm¡Zm‘m`‘²BX§ê$n‘²''(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&7)-""Vñ` h dm Ed§ ní`V… Ed§‘ÝdmZñ` Ed§ {dOmZV…... AmË‘V… Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdm¡'' (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²: 7&26&1).

9.""Ì § dm BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©. ~«÷ EV{Õ gdm©{U Zm‘m{Z {d^{V©...~«÷ EV{Õgdm©{U ê$nm{U {~^{V©...~«÷ EV{Õ gdm©{U H$‘m©{U {~^{V©. VXoVV² Ì §gX² EH$‘²-A`‘² AmË‘mo EH$… gZ² EVV² Ì`‘²''(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² :1&6&3).

10.""hÝV {Vamo@gmZr{V gm Jm¡… A^dV² F$f^… BVa…... dS>dm BVam Aídd¥f…BVa…... VV² gd©‘² A^dV². gmo doX Ah§ dmd g¥{ï>… Apñ‘ Ah§ {h BX§ gd©‘²Ag¥{j B{V VV… g¥{ï>… A^dV². g¥ï>çm§ h EVñ`m§ ^d{V ` Ed§doX''(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&4).

11.""EdÄM {Zénm{YHo$ aÁOw wO“m{X «‘o Mjwfm gÐÿn¡d aÁOw… J¥h² Vo wO“ñVw~w{ÕH$pënVmo ~wÕçm {df`r{H«$`Vo... Am¡nm{YH$ «‘oVw Mjwfm gÐÿnmo KQ>mo{‘Ï`m yVmo {df`Vmê$nmo «‘UY‘©… M B{V C^ § {df`r{H«$`Vo. VXZÝVa§gXmof~wÕçm "KQ>mo «‘UdmZ²' B{V ñWmß`Vo'' (à‘o aËZmU©d-»`m{V{ddoH$),""VV… MjwJ«m©h²`mV² ewŠË`mXo… AÝ`ñ` aOVmXo… »`m{V… ~w{Õd¥{Îmê$nmAÝ`»`m{V… " «‘'eãXdmÀ`m. AÝ`WmkmZÝVw g§e`{dn`m©gm{Xä`mo {^ÝZ§‘m{`H§$ kmZmÝVa‘od ZVw «‘…... Apñ‘Z² AÝ`WmkmZo ‘m`mOÝ`Y‘© wŠVmo{df`m o ^mgVo. "KQ>m o ^«må`{V' "{gVm H$Q ‰ > r' "eL²I$… nrV…'BË`mXm¡...''({ZU© mU©d.4&6).

12.Ðï>ì` : àñWmZaËZmH$a (à‘mUn[aÀN>oX àW‘H$ëbmob MVwW©Va“).13.‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©{da{MV VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY(1&69).14.""gÎdmV² gÄOm`Vo kmZ§ aOgmo bmo Ed M à‘mX‘mohm¡ V‘gmo ^dVmo@kmZ‘od

M''(^JdX²JrVm : 14&17), ""gd©ñ` Mmh§ ö{X g§{Z{dï>mo ‘Îm… ñ‘¥{V…kmZ‘² AnmohZ§ M''(^JdX²JrVm : 15&15).

15."" y{‘amnmo... ‘Zmo ~w{Õaod M Ah§H$ma BVr § ‘o {^ÝZm àH¥${V… Aï>Ym''(^JdX²JrVm : 7&4),""gmo AH$m‘`V ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o B{V... BX§ gd©‘²Ag¥OV `X² BX§ {H$ÄM VV² g¥ï‰>m... gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV²... {dkmZ§ MA{dkmZ§ M'' (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&6). ""‘m`m M A{dÚm M ñd`‘od

^d{V''(Z¥qghmoÎmaVmnZr`mon{ZfX² : 9). ""kmZ‘oH§$ namMrZ¡… BpÝÐ ¡… ~«÷{ZJw ©U‘² Ad^mË`W©ê$noU ^«mÝË`m eãXm{XY{‘©Um''(^mJdVnwamU :3&32&28)H$s gw~mo{YZr ^r.

16.""{l`m... {dÚ`m@{dÚ`m eŠË`m ‘m``m M {Zfo{dV‘²'' (^mJdVnwamU :10&39&55). ""‘Ý‘m`m‘mo{hV{Y`… nwéfm…...''(^mJdVnwamU : 11&14&9).

17.""VX² AmË‘mZ‘² ñd`‘² AHw$éV'' (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&7), ""AmË‘H¥$Vo…n[aUm‘mX²''(~«÷gyÌ : 1&4&26) BZna ‘hmà wH¥$V AUw mî` ^r.

18.Ðï>ì` : lrbmby Å>H¥$V »`m{V{ddoH$ (n¥ð> : 83) VWm àñWmZaËZmH$a(à‘mUn[aÀN>oX àW‘H$ëbmob {ÛVr`-V¥Vr`-MVwW© Va“).

19.General Psychology(Chpt.9/Seeing Colors) by J.P.Guilford.

20.^JdX²JrVm(18&21), mJdVnwamU(11&25&24-11&25&6).21.Ðï>ì` : Introduction to Psychology by Clifford T. Morgan

(Chpt.Perception/OrganiZation in Perception) and GeneralPsychology by J.P.Guilford (Chpt.10 Seeing:Forms Space andMovement).

22.Ðï>ì` : Light And Vision by C.G.Mueller and Mae Rudolph

(Chpt.3).

23.VÌ¡d(Chpt.2 p.38).

24.VÌ¡d(Chpt.2 p.39).25.A Brief History of Time(Chpt.5 p.74-79) by Stephen Hawking.

26.Ðï>ì` : Introduction To Psychology by C.T.Morgan (Chpt.10

p.293)

27.‘wÊS>H$m on{ZfX²(2&2&11), N>mÝXm o½`m on{ZfX²(6&8&7-7&25&1),~ ¥hXmaÊ`H$m on {ZfX ²(1&4&10), íd oVmídVam on{ZfX ²(3&15),‘hmZmam`Umon{ZfX²(23&1).

28.General Psychology by J.P.Guilford(Chpt.10 p.253-256) .29.ibid.(Chpt.13 p.320).30.Introduction To Psychology (Chpt.11.p.338‹).

31.^mJdVgw~mo{YZr (3&26&30).

179 180

32.VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY (1&1).33.^XÝV Y‘©H$s{V©H¥$V Ý`m`{~ÝXwna Y‘m}Îmar Q>rH$m (1&6).34.^XÝV AídKmofH¥$V ~wÕM[aV (1&4-5).35.~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² (4&3&14).36.~«÷gyÌ (3&2&4).37.N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² (6&2&3).38.Am wd}XemñÌr` CpŠV AmH$añWb A{Zkm©V.39.AmH$añWb A{Zkm©V.40.^mJdVgw~mo{YZr (10&25&13).

gË`Ho$ H${Vn` AZyR>o Am`m‘("gË`'n`m© dmMH$ nXm|Ho$ AW© Am¡a ì wËn{Îm Ho$ gÝX ©‘| àH$Q> hmoVo)

gË`d«V§ gË`na§ {ÌgË § gË`ñ` `moqZ {Z{hV§ M gË o&gË`ñ` gË`‘² F$VgË`Zo̧ gË`mË‘H§$ Ëdm§ eaU§ ànÝZm…&&(^mJ.nwam.10&2&26)

CnH«$‘ : "gË`' nXHo$ Ûmam A{^àoV AW©Ho$ ~mao‘| Vrd« ‘V oX {d{^ÝZ {MÝVZar{VAm|‘|

nm`m OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `m Vmo h‘ Xoe H$mb ñdê$n VWm MoVZm Ho$ n[aÀN>oXH$gÝX^m]Ho$ {~Zm hr Cgo n[a^m{fV H$aZm MmhVo h¢; `m {’$a BZ Xoe-H$mbm{X‘|gË`H$mo n[apÀN>ÝZ ‘mZ H$a hr. AWdm gË`H$s AZw y{V‘| ghmZw y ‘mZ XoeH$mb VWm ñdê$n H$mo gË`{df{`Ur MoVZmHo$ Ûmam n[aH$pënV `m Amamo{nV ‘mZH$a AWdm Vmo ñd § MoVZmHo$ AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡VH$s YmaUmgo ‘mo{hV hmo H$aMoVZmHo$ Abmdm gË`Ho$ AÝ` {H$gr ñdê$nH$mo gd©Wm ZH$maHo$ hr `m| AZoH${dYYmaUm | ‘mZdr` {MÝVZ‘| Ñ{ï> oXde C^aVr {‘bVr h¢. gË`H$m, {H$ÝVw, Xoe-H$mbm{Xgo AVrV hmoZm O¡go EH$ CgH$m Am`m‘ hmo gH$Vm h¡ Cgr Vah Xoe-H$mbm{X‘| àH$Q> hmoVo gË`Ho$ ê$n oX ^r gË`Ho$ AZoH${dY Am`m‘ Š`m| Zht hmogH$Vo? EVmdVm `h ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ gË` AZoH$m`m‘r (multi-

dimensional) ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, Mmho h‘ AnZo ‘Vr` XwamJ«hde Cgo ñdrH$ma|`m Z ñdrH$ma|

AVEd """ y'=gÎmm`m‘²'' VWm """Ag²'= w{d'' YmVwAm|H$s gd©{d{XVEH$mW©dm{MVmHo$ ~mdOyX {ZéŠVH$ma ‘h{f© `mñH$Zo -

""VX² `m{Z EVm{Z MËdm[a nXOmVm{Z : Zm‘m»`mVo MCngJ©{ZnmVm… M Vm{Z B‘m{Z ^dpÝV. VÌ EVX² Zm‘m»`mV`mo…bjU§ à{XepÝV : ^mdàYmZ‘² Am»`mV§-gÎdàYmZm{ZZm‘m{Z. "AX…' B{V gÎdmZm‘² CnXoemo : Jm¡… Aíd… nwéfmo hpñV

181 182

B{V.... "^d{V' B{V ^mdñ` : AmñVo eoVo d«O{V {Vð>{V B{V.''({Zé.1&1&1)

Bg CX²Jma‘| "gV²'=Ðì` Am¡a "^md'={H«$`m Ho$ ~rM Being Am¡a Becoming

Ho$ O¡gm à oX ñdrH$mam hmo Eogm bJVm h¡. d¡go `h H$Wm Am¡a h¡ {H$ "gÎd' Am¡a"gË`' nXm|Ho$ KQ>H$ ñd § "gV²' nXH$s ì wËn{Îm ^r """Ag²' w{d ApñVB{V="gV²'''H$s Vah hr """fX²b¥' {deaUJË`dgmXZofw grX{V B{V="gV²'''^r ì`m»`mH$mam|Zo eŠ` ‘mZr h¡. {’$a ^r gdm©{YH$ ‘OoXma ~mV ‘wPo Vmo `hrbJVr h¡ {H$ "gÎd' nX‘| ""ApñV B{V gV²'' ì wËn{ÎmH$mo ‘mÝ` aIVo hþdo ^r{ZéŠVH$ma ""fS²> ^md{dH$mam… ^dpÝV B{V dmî`m© {U… : 1Om`Vo 2ApñV3{dn[aU‘Vo 4dY©Vo 5Anjr`Vo 6{dZí`{V... "ApñV' B{V CËnÝZñ`gÎdñ` AdYmaU‘²'' (VÌ¡d) `m| dmî`m©`{U F${fH$mo A{^‘V gÎdHo$CËnÎ`m{Xembr hmoZoH$m {ZamH$aU ^r Zht H$aVo h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘| `m Vmo gÎdAm¡a ^md Ho$ ~rM ñd{Zê${nV à oX bwßV hmoVm gm bJVm h¡ `m {’$a gÎd ‘yV©hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ^md A‘yV©, Eogm ñdrH$maZona "fS²>{dY^md{dH$ma' nXH$m à`moJAnmW©H$ hmo OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ ^md{dH$ma Ðì`‘| K{Q>V hmoVm h¡ Z{H$ {H«$`m‘|.AV… BÝh| "gÎd{dH$ma' H$hm OmZm Mm{h o Wm Eogm Jbon{VV hmoVm h¡. AVEdBg g‘ñ`mHo$ g‘mYmZmW© AmJo ~‹T>Zm hmo Vmo EH$ {Xem `hr gwJ‘ bJVr h¡ {H$gË`Ho$ H$‘go H$‘ Vmo AZoH${dY `m dñVwV… Vmo AZÝV{dY Am`m‘ hmoZo hrMmqh o. Eogm ñdrH$ma boZo‘| ‘h{f© `mñH$H$mo {dà{Vn{Îm hmo, Eogm ^r bJVm VmoZht h¡. ñnï> h¡ {H$ EVmdVm gV² `m gË` H$m O¡go Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nH¥$Vn[aÀN>oXa{hV EH$ ì`mnH$ emídV VWm gdm©ZwJV A{dH$mar Am`m‘ eŠ` h¡d¡go hr {H$gr Xoe{deof, H$mb{deof Ed§ ñdê$n{deof ‘| OZZ-pñW{V-{dn[aU{V-d¥{Õ-Anj`-{dZme‘wI ‘yV© VWm {dH$mar Am`m‘ ^r eŠ` hmoZmMm{h o. Bg {dYmZ‘| Omo Vm{H©$H$ {damoYm^mg C^aVm h¡ dh ^r Vmo ñd § gË`Ho$AmË`pÝVH$V`m VH$m©Zwgmar hr AWdm AmË`pÝVH$V`m VH$m©Jå` hr hmoZoHo${damoYm^mgna Adbpå~V h¡. naÝVw h‘mar VH©$UmH$s gm‘Ï ©H$mo V¡aZoH$s gm‘Ï ©Ho$Vah ñdrH$ma| Am¡a gË`H$mo EH$ Anma gmJaH$s Vah Vmo h r g‘Pm Om gH$Vmh¡ {H$ h‘ gmJa‘| gd©Wm V¡a hr Z nmVo hm| Eogm Zht hmoVm Am¡a Z V¡a H$a nmahr H$a nmZoH$s gm‘Ï © ‘mZdeara‘| CnbãY hmoVr h¡. g‘mZÝ`m oZ gË`Ho$ ^r

AnmagmJa‘| h‘ AÀN>r-Imgr Xyar VH$ VH©$UmH$s gm‘Ï ©Ûmam V¡a ^r nmVo h¢Am¡a nma OmZm ^r eŠ` Zht bJVm. VH$m}nnÝZVm VWm VH$m©VrVVm ^r gË`H$mEH$ AZyR>m Am`m‘ h‘| ‘mÝ` H$aZm Mm{h o

{’$a ^r VH©$à`moJ ^mfmHo$ A‘wI[aV AmÝV[aH$ `m ‘wI[aV ~mh² à`moJ{~Zm eŠ` Z hmoZogo h‘mar ^mfm‘| à wÁ`‘mZ nXm|Ûmam gË`H$m Omo ñdê$n àH$Q>hmoVm h¡ CgH$m {MÝVZ H$aZm Bg Z‘« à`mgH$m à‘wI à`moOZ h¡.

"gË`'nXHo$ bm¡{H$H$s ^mfm‘| n`m© : A‘aH$mof‘| : ""1gË`‘² 2VÏ`‘² 3F$V‘² 4gå`H²$'' (A‘.H$mo.1&9&354)H$s

am‘ml‘r ì`m»`m‘ | 1""g{V gmYw gmYw=gË`‘²'' 2""VWm=gË`ogmYw=VÏ`‘²'' 3""A ©Vo ñ‘ "F$=JVm¡' ŠV…=F$V‘²'' 4""g‘ÄO{V g§JÀN>Vo"AÄMw JVm¡' pŠdZ²=gå`H²$''ì wËn{Îm`m§ Xr J`r h¢.

BZHo$ AmYmana `h H$hm-gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àW‘ nXH$m AW© Omo hmoZobm`H$ hmo Cgo "gË`' H$hZoH$s àoaUm XoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX AmZodmbo nXÛmam `hH$hm OmZm A{^àoV bJVm h¡ {H$ Omo gË` hmoZo bm`H$ hmo Cgo "VÏ`' H$hZmMm{h o. Bgr Vah "" o JË`W©H$m… Vo kmZmW©H$m…'' Zr{VHo$ AZwgma "F$V' nXHo$Ûmam A{^àoVmW©V`m "AdJV VÏ`'H$mo {b`m OmZm Mm{h o. Am¡a Bgr Vah"gå`H²$' nXHo$ Ûmam Omo gå`ŠËd n[ab{jV hmo ahm h¡ dh AdJV VÏ`Ho$ AÝ`VÏ`m|Ho$ gmW gwg§JV hmoZoH$s Amdí`H$Vmna ^ma XoVm hþdm gm bJVm h¡. `m|CÎmamoÎma n`m©`dmMH$ nX nyd©nyd© nXm|Ho$ dmÀ`mW©gmnoj àVrV hmoVo h¢. `o{ZpíMV hr gË`Ho$ Hw$N> {dbjU Am`m‘m|H$m bm¡{H$H$s ^mfm‘| Am{dîH$aU h¢.

`h Vmo bm¡{H$H$ ^mfm‘| "gË`' nXHo$ n`m© m|Ho$ àH${Q>V F$Ow Am`m‘H$m{dh§JmdbmoH$ZbãY Ñí` h¡.

"gË`' nXHo$ d¡{XH$ n`m© :

183 184

d¡{XH$ ^mfm‘| ^r, Bgr Vah, "gË`' nXHo$ N>h {d{dY n`m© ‘h{f©`mñH$Zo n[aJ{UV {H$ o h¢ : 1"~Q²>' 2"lV²' 3"gÌm' 4"AÕm' 5"BËWm' 6"F$V‘²'({Zé.{ZK.3&3&10) BZ‘| àW‘ nm§M nX, ì`m»`mH$mam|Ho$ AZwgma, {ZnmVê$nh¢ VWm ApÝV‘ O¡gm {H$ h‘ XoI hr MwHo$ H¥$XÝV Zm‘ê$n h¡. naÝVw {ZéŠVH$maO~ gwñnï> eãXm|‘| ""gË`Zm‘m{Z CÎmam{U fQ²>'' ({Zé.3&3&10) H$hVo h¢ Vmogå^dV… d¡{XH$ dMZm|‘| BZHo$ Zm‘mË‘H$ à`moJ ^r CnbãY hmoVo hm|Jo naÝVwCZH$s AW©N>m`m Š`m Wr `h AÝdoï>ì` h¡. BZ‘| "~Q²>' VWm "lV²' nXm|H$sì wËn{Îm Vmo H$ht àñVwV boIH$H$mo Ñ{ï>JV hþ r Zht. {’$a^r 1"gÌm' Am¡a2"AÕm' H$s ì wËn{Îm ì wËn{Îm lrdËgm§H$mMm ©Zo AnZo "Aì``H$mof'‘| H«$‘e…1"""gÌm ‘hm± A{g lwV…' (F$H²$ 4&30&2) BË`Ì {ZíM`mW©H$Ëd‘{nd¡{XH$gå‘V‘² Añ` B{V ko ‘²''-2""ñ’w$Q>mWm©dYmaU`mo…''(Aì`.H$mo.25-785) Xagm`r h¢. EVmdVm h Üd{ZV hmoVm h¡ gË`H$m {ZíM`mH$maH$ ~moYJmoMaê$n "AÕm' nXdmÀ` ~Z OmVm h¡. AWm©nÎ`m Hw$N> gË` A{ZpíMV ^r ‘mZZohr n‹S>|Jo. Bgr Vah {H$gr gË`Ho$ ñ’w$Q> `m AdYm[aV hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| "AÕm'nXH$m à`moJm¡{MË` {dMmam Om gH$Vm h¡. nwZ… AWm©nÎ`m Hw$N> gË` Añ’w$Q> `mAZdYm[aV ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢, `h Jbon{VV hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah "BËWm' nXH$mAW© CŠV Aì``H$m ofH$ma ""BËW‘² BXåàH$mao-BËWm BËWåàH$mao''(Aì`.H$mo.202-201) `m| XoVo h¢. AV… ghO gå^d bJVm h¡ {H$ nwamodVu{H$gr dñVwH$m nwa…àH${Q>V-àH$maVmembr gË` hmoZm "BËWm' nXgo A{^{hVhmoZm Mm{h o. Ad{eï> Omo "F$V‘²' nX ahm CgH$s ì wËn{Îm Vmo h‘ XoI hr MwHo$h¡. {’$a ^r d¡{XH$ à`moJH$m gd©Wm bm¡{H$H$ ì wËnÎ`Zwgmar hr hmoZm Z Vmo {Z`VAm¡a Z CnnÝZ hr bJVm h¡. Bgna AmJo Mb H$a {d‘e© H$aZm C{MV hmoJm.

ñnï> h¡ {H$ gË`Ho$ o gmao Am`m‘ AZw y ‘mZ Xoe H$mb VWm ñd § AZw y{VHo$ à oXde àH$Q> hþdo Am`m‘ h¢.

gË` Am¡a àkm H$m nañna gå~ÝY : lr‘wHw$ÝX Pm Ûmam {Z{‘©V {ZéŠV{dd¥{V‘| {ZéŠVH$maÛmam àkmW©H$ Zm‘m|Ho$

~mX gË`mW©H$ Zm‘m|Ho$ g§H$bZH$s g§J{V `m| {XIbm`r J`r h¡ : ""àkmdÝVEd{h gË`dm{XZm o ^dÝVr{V àkmZm‘ä`… CÎmam{U gË`Zm‘m{Z''

({Zé.{dd¥.3&3&10). `h g§J{V Amdí`H$ Ed§ CnnÝZ ^r bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$gË`Ho$ AÝ`V‘ n`m© "F$V‘²'Ho$ Ûmam ^r `h A{Zdm © Vmo àVrV hmoVm hr h¡.AVEd "àkm' nXHo$ ^r bm¡{H$H$ n`m© m| VWm d¡{XH$ n`m© m| na ^r `V²{H$pÄMV²Ñ{ï>nmV AnojUr` ~Z OmVm h¡.

àkm Am¡a Ì¡H$m{bH$ gË` H$s AÝ`moÝ`m{lVVm `m AÝ`moÝ`ê$nVm : d¡go bm¡{H$H$ ^mfm‘| "àkm' nX ~w{ÕHo$ AÝ`V‘ n`m© V`m hr A‘aH$mof‘|

g§H${bV hþdm h¡ : ""~w{Õa² ‘Zrfm {YfUm Yr… àkm eo‘wfr ‘{V… àojmCnbpãY… {MV² g§{dV² à{VnX² kpßV… MoVZm'' (A‘.H$mo.1&8&278) VWm{nEH$ ~hþYm CÕ¥V H$m[aH$m-

""1ñ‘¥{Va² ì`VrV{df`m 2‘{Va² AmJm{‘Zr ‘Vm&3~w{Õg² VmËH$m{bH$s àmoŠVm 4àkm Ì¡H$m{bH$s ‘Vm&&5à{V^m ZdZdmoZ‘ofem{bZr H${WVm ~wY¡…&&''

BZ‘| 1Omo gË` yVH$mb‘| Vmo Wm naÝVw dV©‘mZ‘| dh `{X {Z`VV`mgË`ËdoZ Ad^mV Z hmoVm hmo Vmo Cgo ñ‘¥{VH$m {df` ‘mZ H$a gË`H$m EH$nyd©H$m{bH$ Am`m‘ àH$Q> {H$`m OmVm ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah 2OmodñVw dV©‘mZ‘| gË`V`m Ad^mV Z hmoZona r {dî`‘| gË`V`m AmË‘àmH$Q²>çH$moB§{JV H$a ahr hmo Cgo ‘{V{df`r yV gË`V`m à{Vnm{XV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.`h nwZ… gË`Ho$ CÎmaH$m{bH$ Am`m‘H$m à{VnmXZ h¡. gË`H$m 3Omo dV©‘mZH$m{bH$Am`m‘ h¡ dh ~w{ÕJmoMa hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡ naÝVw gË`H$m 4Omo Ì¡H$m{bH$ Am`m‘hmoVm h¡ Cgo Vmo àkmJmoMa hr ‘mZm J`m h¡.

CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ BZ g^r njm|‘| MoVZm Am¡a gË` Ho$ ~rM {Z{H«$` `mg{H«$` gm{j^mdK{Q>V J«mh² JmhH$^mdmË‘H$ gå~ÝYH$mo {ZH$f ‘mZ H$a MbmJ`m h¡. H$m¡Z Zht, naÝVw, OmZVm {H$ gË` Am¡a MoVZm Ho$ ~rM, 5g{H«$`-^mì`^mdH$VmK{Q>V g¥Á`gO©H$^mdmË‘H$ gå~ÝY ^r {dkmZ gm{hË` H$bmVH${ZH$s Am{X AZoH${dY àkmAm|Ho$ de Š`m àH$Q> Zht hmoVm? Š`m-Š`m

185 186

Agå^d `m AeŠ` bJVo Am`m‘, CÝh| "AgË`' H$hmo `m "gË`', Z Ho$dbàH$Q> A{nVw, ‘h{f© `mñH$Ûmam à wŠV nXmdbr‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo, ~Q²> gÌm AÕmEd§ BËWm Ho$ ê$nm|H$mo ^r àkmH$s BZ {dYmAm|Ho$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoVo nm o J o h¢BZ àkm{Z{‘©V gË`m|H$mo Ho$db AZoH${dY H$maUH$bmnm|go CËnÝZ `m {H$grCnmXmZ{deofH$s n[aU{V{deof hmoZoHo$ AnamYde ‘Zmo «mpÝV m Ho$db ì`mdhm[aH$gË` ‘mZZm gË`H$s AZoH$m`m{‘VmHo$ gmW An[aM`H$m hr àH$meZ h¡. `h VmogmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àkm Ì¡H$m{bH$ gË`H$mo àH$m{eV H$aVr Eogm ñdrH$maZonaàkoVa MoVZmAm|Ûmam gË`Ho$ Ì¡H$m{bH$ Am`m‘H$m àH$Q>rH$aU eŠ` Z ^r ‘mZmOm o. naÝVw àkmHo$ hr à`moJÛmam hr Bg VÏ`H$mo ^r OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$MoVZmHo$ ñ‘¥{V-‘{V-~w{Õ-à{V^m Am{X ì`mnma ^r Ì¡H$m{bH$ gË`Ho$ hrH${Vn` AÌ¡H$m{bH$ Am`m‘m|H$mo Vmo àH$Q> H$aVo hr h¢. AÝ`Wm MoVZmH$moñ‘¥Ë`m{X ì`mnmam|go AmË`pÝVH$V`m ‘wŠV H$aZona Vmo àkmonbpãY ^r eŠ` Zhtah Om oJr. AZw{‘{Vê$nm `m emãXr à‘m ^r ñ‘¥{VH$m Adbå~Z gd©Wm Ë`mJH$a Vmo AmË‘bm^ Zht nm gH$Vr. Š`m `h gM Zht {H$ dñVw `m gË` Ho$à‘mnU‘| BZ AZw‘{V-emãXm{X à‘mAm|H$m ñdmVÝÍ` hmoZona ^r AmË‘moËn{Îm‘|ñ‘¥Ë`m{XH$bmnm|go ñdmVÝÍ` gwdM Zht?

dñVwV… Vmo VWmH${WV XoeH$mbmVrV doXmÝVà‘o`Ho$ ~moYmW© A§JrH¥$VA{YH$aUmË‘H$ {dMmaHo$ nm§Mm| A§J-1{df` 2g§e` 3nyd©nj 4CÎmanj VWm5g§J{V- ^r dñVwV… Vmo MoVZmHo$ 1AkmZ 2g§e` 3 «mpÝV 4{ZíM` Am¡a 5ñ‘¥{VHo$ hr emñÌÛmam n[aîH¥$V m g§ñH¥$V ñdê$n h¢ Vmo O~ AkmZm{X MoVZmì`mnmam|H$s^r XoeH$mbmVrV à‘o Ho$ ~moYmW© BVZr Cn`mo{JVm hmo V~ ñ‘¥{V-‘{V-~w{Õ-à{V^m ì`mnmam|Ho$ Ûmam Ad^m{gV VÏ`H$mo gË` Zht ‘mZZm XwamJ«hnyU©Vm{H©$H§$‘Ý`VmHo$ Ambmdm Am¡a Hw$N> Zht ah OmVm

"àkm' nXHo$ d¡{XH$ n`m© : ‘h{f© `mñH$Zo "àkm'Ho$ n`m© m|H$s n[aJUZm Bg Vah Xagm`r h¡ :

1"Ho$V…' 2"Ho$Vw…" 3"MoV…' 4"{MÎm‘²' 5"H«$Vw…' 6"Agw…' 7"Yr…'8"eMr…' 9"‘m`m' 10"d wZ‘²' 11"A{^»`m'. ({Zé.3&3&9)

àkmHo$ BZ n`m©`nXm|H$s ì`wËn{Îm lrXodamO`ÁdH¥$V"{Zd©MZ' Zm{‘H$m Q>rH$m‘| `m| {XIbm`r J`r h¡ :

1-2"Ho$V…' VWm "Ho$Vw…'"""Mm ¥' nyOm{Zem‘Z`mo…( y.C.)"Mm`… H$s…'(C.1&75) B{V "V'àË``mo YmVmo… "H$s…' AmXoemoJwU… M. nyÁ`Vo...''.

3-4"""MoV…'-"{MÎm‘²' "{M{V' gÄkmZo (^y.n.)"ApÄMK¥{gä`…' (C.3&86) B{V ~mhþbH$mV² "ŠV…'.

5"""H«$Vw…' {H«$`Vo AZ`m Y‘m©{X{dMma…''. 6"""Agw…' Añ`Vo… "e¥ñd¥pñZ{hÌß`{gd{g' (C.1&10)

B{V "C'àË``…. "Agw…' B{V àmUZm‘ ({Z.3&8) B{V ^mî oAñ`{V {jn{V AZWm©Z², AñVm…={jßVm… Añ`m‘² AWm©… B{Vàmß`mZW©n[ahmamË‘H$‘² C^`‘{n. àmßZmo{V''.

7-8"""Yr…'-"eMr…'. "Y¥Äm²' AmYmao {Xdm{X… Yma`{VH$Vm©a§ ’$bàXmZoZ... `Ûm Ü`m`Vo {MÝË`Vo H$V¥©{^… Ed§ H$V©ì`‘²B{V. "eMr' "eM²' ì`ŠVm`m§ dm{M. ydm{X… AmË‘ZonXr. "BZ²gd©YmVwä`…' (C.4&114) "H¥${XH$mamV²' (4&1&4 dm.) B{V"L>rf²'. eMÝVo ì`ŠVm dmM… Hw$d©pÝV Añ`m‘² (/AZ`m) B{VeMr…''.

9"""‘m`m' "‘mL²>' ‘mZo (AXm.Am.) "‘mN>mg{gä`mo `…'(C.4&106) B{V "`'àË``…. ‘r`ÝVo n[apÀN>ÚÝVo AZ`mnXmWm©…''.

10"""d`wZ‘²' ì`m»`mV§ àeñ`Zm‘gw AOVo…"A{O`{O{‘erL²>ä`íM' (C.3&58) B{V "CZZ²' àË``modr^md… JVm¡ eMrdX² AW©… jonUo AgwdX²''.

11"""A{^»`m' "»`m' àH$WZo (AXm.n.)."AmVíMmongJ}' (3&3&106) B{V "AL²>'. àH$f}U H$Ï`ÝVoAZ`m AWm©…''.

({Zé.{Zd©.3&3&9).

187 188

"àkm'Ho$ BZ n`m© nXm|H$s ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona AVrd {dñ‘`hmoVm h¡ {H$ Ì¡H$m{bH$ gË`H$s à‘m{nH$m Bgr àkmHo$ AZoH${dY ì`mnma ‘h{f©`mñH$Ho$ g‘` VH$ d¡{XH$Jmoð>r‘| {H$g Vah OmZo-‘mZo OmVo Wo AmO, naÝVw,‘Ü`H$mbrZ ~mh² {MÝVZm|Ho$ à^mdde lm¡V {MÝVZ‘| ^r nyÁ`mnyÁ`H$m {ddoH$H$aZodmbr àkm, Y‘m©Y‘©H$m {ddoH$ H$aZodmbr àkm, AWm©ZW©H$m {ddoH$ H$aZodmbràkm, gmYZ’$b^mdH$m {ddoH$ H$aZodmbr àkm, Cgo ì`ŠVdmUr‘| àH$Q> H$aZodmbràkm; AWdm BZ Am¡a Eogo AZoH${dY dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXH$m|Ho$ AmYmana CZHo${Zd©MZ H$a nmZodmbr àkm H$mo, H¡$go {H$gr AdmÀ` AàVŠ © An[a^mî`Anamoj gË`Ho$ EH$m`m‘r ñdê$nHo$ njnmVr ~Z H$a Aàkm `m «mpÝVê$nm ‘mZ{b`m J`m

Š`m "àkm' Am¡a "‘m`m' An`m© dmMr nX hmo gH$Vo h¢? : d¡go bmo{H$H$s VWm d¡{XH$s XmoZm| hr ^mfmAm|‘| "‘m`m' nX-""ñ`mX² ‘m`m

eå~ar'' (A‘.H$mo.2&11&1951) VWm """AYoÝdm Ma{V ‘m``m Ef dmM§ewlwdm§ A’$bm‘² Anwînm‘²' (F$H²$.g§.8&2&23)... AYoÝdm h² of Ma{V ‘m``mdmŠà{Vê$n`m'' ({Zé.1&6&20)-AVÏ`à{V^mgZHo$ AW©‘| à wŠV hþdm nmVoh¢.

Bg {df`‘|, naÝVw, AÝdoï>ì` `hr h¡ {H$ Š`m àkm{deofde `mMmVwar{deofde AVÏ`àH$meZ ^r eŠ` hmoZogo "‘m`m' nXZo `h AW©N>m`mñdmÝV…píbï> H$s hmoJr? AWdm ‘yb‘| {‘Ï`màXe©ZepŠVHo$ AW©‘| à wÁ`‘mZ`h nX, àkm{deofde ^r H$^r Eogr KQ>Zm eŠ` hmoVr hmoZogo, àkmnan`m© V`mà wŠV hmoZo bJm hmoJm?

BZ XmoZm| VahH$s gå^mdZmAm|‘| àW‘ A{YH$ ghO bJVr h¡ XygarHo$~Om`. Š`m|{H$ ""n§Ho$ OmV§=n§H$O‘²'' O¡go moJê${T>Ho$ à`moJH$s Vah gm‘mÝ`mW©H$`m¡{JH$ nXH$m nwîn{deofê$n AW©‘| ê${T>ê$n {ZJ‘Z nXà`moJH$mo Aàm‘m{UH$

Zht ~ZmVm; O~{H$, Xygar gå^mdZm‘| ""Jmo… dm{hH$…'' Jm¡Ur à`moJH$sH$ënZmHo$ H$maU àkmn`m© rH$aU Aàm‘m{UH$ ~Z OmVm h¡.

AV… "‘m{`H$' nXH$m ^r ‘ybmW© Vmo àkm{Z{‘©V dñVw hr hmoZm Mm{h o WmnaÝVw Jm¡Ur d¥{Îmgo níMmV² dh ""AgÎdo@{n ^mg‘mZ dñVw'' hmoZoHo$ AW©‘|à wŠV hmoZo bJm hmoJm. EVmdVm ""BÝÐmo ‘m`m{^… nwéê$n B© Vo'' (~¥h.Cn.2&5&19)lw{VdMZ‘| r EH$ BÝÐê$n gË`H$s ‘m`mH$a{UH$m AZoH$ê$nVmH$mo AVÏ`àH$meZHo$ê$n‘| boZm ~hmoV Adm © Zht bJVm, àkmH$a{UH$m AZoH$ê$nVmHo$ gw{Zê$ß`hmoZogo.

"gË`' nXH$m ‘hm-EH$sH¥$V Am`m‘ XagmZodmbm "~«÷'nX : AVEd gË`Ho$ Eogo AZÝV{dY Am`m‘m|Ho$ {Zê$nUmW© hr V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘|

"""gË §' (+) "kmZ§' (+) "AZÝV§'="~«÷''' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) g‘rH$aUKmo{fV {H$`m J`m. AWm©V² Omo gË` h¡ dh kmZê$n ^r hmoVm h¡ VWm Omo kmZê$nh¡ dh XoeV… H$mbV… VWm ñdê$nV… AÝVhrZ hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| "~«÷' H$hbmVm h¡.`m| gË` AnZo, CpëbpIV, VÏ` F$V Am¡a gå`H²$ hmoZoH$s n[anyU©Vm‘| "~«÷'H$hbmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷Ho$ kmZ/{dkmZ hmoZoHo$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| Cn{ZfX² `m|{Zê$nU H$aVm h¡-

""AÝ`mo AÝVa AmË‘m {dkmZ‘`…... Vñ` lÕ¡d {ea…,F$V§ X{jU… nj…, gË`‘² CÎma… nj…... {dkmZ§ ~«÷ MoX² doX.Vñ‘mV² MoV² Z à‘mÚ{V, earao nmß‘Zmo {hËdm gdm©Z² H$m‘mZ²g‘íZwVo... Vñ‘mÛm EVñ‘mX² {dkmZ‘`mX² AÝ`mo AÝVa AmË‘mAmZÝX‘`…... Vñ` {à`‘od {ea…, ‘moXmo X{jU… nj…, à‘moX…CÎma… nj… AmZÝX AmË‘m, ~«÷ nwÀN>§ à{Vð>m... AgÝZod g^d{V "AgX² ~«÷' B{V doX MoX². "ApñV ~«÷' B{V MoX² doXgÝV‘² EZ§ VVmo {dXw…''. (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&4-6)

189 190

O~ lÕm F$V Am¡a gË` {dkmZHo$ A§J ~Z OmVo h¢ V~ ^r {dkmZH$mo~«÷V`m=AZÝVV`m OmZo {~Zm n[apÀN>Z Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$ndmbo earaHo$ ^rVaàH$Q> hmoVo nmnm|H$m {dkmZÛmam {ZamH$aU gå^d Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… Bg{dkmZ‘` H$moe‘| AÝV{Z©{hV AmZÝË`=AmZÝXH$m gmjmËH$ma Cn w©ŠV """gË §'(+) "kmZ§' (+) "AZÝV§'="~«÷''' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) g‘rH$aUH$mo M[aVmW©~ZmVm h¡.

`h ‘hm-EH$sH$aUH$m Am¡n{Zf{XH$ {gÕmÝV, {Ogo ""Vñ` Cn{ZfV²"gË`ñ` gË`‘²' B{V'' (~¥h.Cn.2&1&20) r H$hm J`m h¡ gË`H$m ~«÷rH$aUh¡. V¡{Îmar`mon{ZX² gË`Ho$ Bg ‘hm-EH$sH¥$Vê$n ~«÷H$m AñdrH$ma dXVmoì`mKmV‘mZVm hmoZogo `hm§ VH$ H$hVm h¡ {H$ ""AgÝZod g ^d{V "AgX² ~«÷' B{VdoX MoX². "ApñV ~«÷' B{V MoX² doX gÝV‘² EZ§ VVmo {dXw… B{V.'' (VÌ¡d2&6). Bg CX²JmaHo$ Jmå^r ©H$m AdJmhZ V^r eŠ` h¡ O~ h ~mV h‘ {dMma|{H$ h‘mar VH©$UmàdU ~w{Õ‘| ""àH$Q> {dé. AàH$Q>'', ""dmÀ`/n[a^mî` {dé.AdmÀ`/An[a^mî`'', ""{dkmZ {dé. AkmZ'', ""gË` {dé. AgË`'', ""F$V{dé. AZ¥V'' gÑe {damoYm^mg h‘mar ~w{ÕH$mo {H$VZm ì`{WV `m CÝ‘{WV H$aXoVo h¢ o hr, naÝVw, Bg ‘hm-EH$sH¥$V gË`‘| {H$g Vah ""`Ì {díd§ ^d{VEH$ZrS>‘²''-""nao Aì``o gd} EH$s^dpÝV'' (‘hmZm.Cn.2&3-‘wÊS>.Cn.3&2&7) dMZmoŠV AnZr EH$ZrS>Vm `m EH$s yVVm ^r àH$Q> H$aVo h¢

AVEd V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| H$hm J`m h¡ :

""gmo AH$m‘`V "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ' B{V. g Vnmo AVß`V.g Vn… VßËdm BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV. `{XX§ {H$ÄM VV² g¥ï²>dm VXodAZwàm{deV². VXZwà{dí` gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV², {ZéŠV§ MA{ZéŠV§ M, {Zb`Z§ M A{Zb`Z§ M, {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M,gË § M AZ¥V§ M gË`‘² A^dV². `{XX§ {H$ÄM VV² "gË`‘²' B{VAmMjVo''.

(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6)

{ZpIb {déÕVmAm|Ho$ EH$ A{damoYr Aml`ê$n Bg ‘hm-EH$sH¥$V gË`‘|gonañna {damoYm^mgr dñVw JwU Y‘© {H«$`mAm| Ho$ àmH$Q²>ç{Zê$nH$ Bg dMZH$sVah hr ñdê$n{Zê${nH$m {dYm‘| ^r Eogo hr à{VnmXZmW©-

""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no : ‘yVª M A‘yVª M, ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M,pñWV§ M `V² M, gV² M Ë`V² M... AWmV… AmXoemo """Z' B{V"Z' B{V''...AW Zm‘Yo`§ "gË`ñ` gË`‘²' B{V''.(~¥h.Cn.2&3&1-6)

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Bgr dMZH$m {ZîH$f© g‘PmZoH$mo ‘h{f© ~mXam`U ^r""àH¥$V¡VmdÎd§ à{VfoY{V VVmo ~«dr{V M y …, VX² Aì`ŠV‘² Amh {h,A{nM g§amYZo àË`jmZw‘mZmä`m‘²...AVmo AZÝVoZ VWm{h {b“‘²,C^`ì`nXoemÎmw A{hHw$ÊS>bdV², àH$meml`dÛm VoOñËdmV²... na‘² AV…goVyÝ‘mZgå~ÝYì`nXoemV²'' (~«.gy.3&2&22-31) gyÌm|‘| Bgr "na‘gË`'`m ""gË`ñ` gË`‘²''H$mo {gÕ H$aZoH$s lm¡V Cnn{Îm Xo aho h¢. Bg dMZ‘|CnbjU{dY`m n¥Ïdr-Ob-VoOH$mo "‘yV©' VWm dm w-AmH$meH$mo "A‘yV©' H$hH$a, ‘yV© hmoZoHo$ H$maU Omo ^r àH$Q> ‘Ë © Am{X hmoVo h¢ Am¡a A‘yV© hmoZoHo$ H$maUOmo AàH$Q> Ed§ A‘¥V Am{X hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| n[ab{jV hmoVr AÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$nVm

gË`=(gV² (àH$Q>) + Ë` (AàH$Q>)) Ho$ ê$n‘| EH$sH¥$V hmo H$a AnZm nañna{damoY wbm XoVr h¡. BZ‘| naÝVw Ho$db gV² `m Ho$db Ë`V² H$mo, AnZr é{Mde,gånyU© gË`V`m ‘mZ boZodmboH$mo AWm©V² àH¥$V EVmdÎmmH$mo hr gË` ‘mZZodmboH$molw{V """Z'B{V-"Z'B{V'' H$hZm MmhVr h¡. `{X Amamo{nVHo$ AnmohZ‘mÌ‘|lw{VH$m VmËn © hmoVm Vmo """Z'B{V-"Z'B{V'' H$h XoZoHo$ ~mX ""AW Zm‘Yo"gË`ñ` gË`‘²' B{V. àmUm… d¡ gË § gË § Vofm‘² Ef gË`‘²'' (VÌ¡d)H$hZm dXVmoì`mKmV hmoJm. AV… Cgo Ho$db "Aì`ŠV' H$hZm H$hZm `m ‘mZZmBg{b o g§JV Zht hmoVm Š`m|{H$ AmamYZm `m g§amYZm Ûmam CgHo$ gmjmËH$maH$mCnXoe lwË`m{X emñÌm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm hr h¡. AV… CgHo$ XoeV… H$mbV… VWmñdê$nV… AmZÝË`H$m hr à{VnmXZ lw{V{dd{jV bJVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m gn© ^rAnZr gn©UmHo$ g‘` F$ÁdmH$ma VWm pñW{VHo$ g‘` Hw$ÊS>bmH$ma hmoZoHo$

191 192

{déÕVm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ VÛV² ~«÷ ^r C^`{dY Š`m| Zht hmo gH$Vm? AWdmO¡go V¡Og nXmW© àH$meê$nm Y‘©Vm VWm àH$meH$ê$nm Y{‘©Vm XmoZm| àH$Q> H$aVoh¢ VÛV² ~«÷ ^r Š`m| hmo Zht gH$Vm? AV… lw{V‘| Eogo ~«÷H$m {Zê$nU""AmË‘m g goVw… {dY¥{V… Efm§ bmoH$mZm§ Agå oXm`'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&4&1){H$`m J`m hmoZogo Cgo C^`{dY ñdrH$ma boZm Zm Mm{h o. `h ‘h{f© ~mXam`UHo$à{VnmXZH$m gma h¡.

^JdX²JrVm‘| ^r, AVEd ""`Xm yVn¥W½^md‘² EH$ñW‘² AZwní`{VVVEd M {dñVma§ ~«÷ gånÚVo VXm''-""gd© yVofw oZ EH§$ md‘² Aì``‘²B©jVo A{d^ŠV§ {d^ŠVofw VÁkVZ§ {d{Õ gmpÎdH$‘²'' (^.Jr.13&30-18&20) Bgr gd©^oXm|Ho$ EH$ ‘hm-A^oXrH$aU `m EH$sH$aU H$mo ~«m{÷H${dñVmaHo$ ê$n‘| à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡.

Cng§hma : AÝV‘| nm¡añË` `m nmíMmË` Xe©Zm|‘| gË`=à‘m{df`Ho$ ~mao‘| Omo-

1.`WmWm©Zw d… à‘m (nm¡añË`)=Theory of Correspondence .2.AZ{YJVm~m{YVmW©{df`H$kmZ§ à‘m(nm¡añË`) =Theory of Coherence.3.’$bm{dg§dm{Xàd¥{ÎmOZH$kmZ§ à‘m(nm¡añË`) =Theory of Utility.

m| BZ VrZm| VahH$s àkmH$s ì`mnma{deofê$nm à‘mAm| Am¡a CZHo$ {df`r yVgË`m|Ho$ {d{dY ê$nm|H$m g§dmX h‘ "gË`/VÏ`' "F$V' Am¡a "gå`H²$' nXm|Ho$Ûmam àË`{^kmV H$a gH$Vo h¢.

Š`m|{H$ AZw dH$m mWmÏ © gË` m VÏ` Ho$ gmW g§dmX (correspondence)

Ho$ {~Zm eŠ` Zht ~Z nmVm. Bgr Vah H$moB© gË` `m VÏ` AZdJV Ed§A~m{YV dñVw{df`H$ h¡ {H$ Zht EVXW© àñVwV kmZH$m AÝ`mÝ` kmZm|Ho$ gmWg§dmX (coherence) naIo {~Zm eŠ` Zht hmoVm. Vrgao {H$gr kmZH$m

’$bm{dg§dm{Xàd¥{ÎmOZH$ hmoZm Cg kmZ Am¡a g’$b ì`dhma Ho$ ~rM nañnag§dmX (utiliterian value) Ho$ {~Zm eŠ` Zht hmoVm. AV… BZ {Ì{dYà‘mAm|Ho$ {df`, nmíMmË` Xe©ZH$s nXmdbr‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo H«$‘e…, g|g²-So>Q>mH°$ÝgoßQ²> Am¡a ng}ßQ²> Ho$ Amngr {damoYm^mgm|H$m "~«÷' nX‘| EH$sH¥$V ê$n ImoOmOm gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ""nwéfEd BX§ gd©‘²''-""‘Zgm dMgm Ñï²>çm J¥h² VoAÝ`¡a{n BpÝÐ`¡… Ah‘od Z ‘Îmm o AÝ`X² B{V ~wÕçÜd‘² AÄOgm''(F$H²$.g§{h.10&90&2-^mJ.nwam.11&13&24).

""VXod yV§ VXw ^ì`‘mZ‘² BX§ VX² Ajao na‘o ì`mo‘Z²&`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n§ {díd nwamU§ V‘g… nañVmV²&&VXod F$V§ VXw gË`‘² Amhþ… VXod ~«÷ na‘§ H$drZm‘²&Bï>mnyVª ~hþYm OmV§ Om`‘mZ§ {díd§ {~^{V© wdZñ`Zm{^…&&''

(‘hmZm.Cn.1&2-6)

193 194

AÝV…H$aUH$m ñd^md Am¡a {H«$`mH$bmn(ZoMa² E§S²> ’§$ŠeZ² Am°’²$ ‘mBÝS²>)

(dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma)

1.CnH«$‘: dmëb^ doXmÝV, AnZo-Amn‘|, CËàojm‘ybH$ Xe©Z Z hmo H$a lw{V ñ‘¥{V

gyÌ Am¡a nwamU Am{X d¡{XH$ emñÌm|Ho$ nañna g‘pÝdV-gwg§JV ì`m»`mZmW©àd¥Îm hþAm EH$ Xe©Z h¡(1). AVEd AnZr Bg à{V~ÕVmHo$ AZwê$n CpëbpIVerf©H$go Ow‹S>r d¡Mm[aH$ YmaUmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r dmëb^ doXmÝV AnZo CpëbpIVCnOrì` à‘mUòmoVm|go {ZH$b H$a ~hZodmbr AWm©V² BÝhtna {Z ©a hmoZodmbrEH$ ì`m»`mê$nm {MÝVZYmam h¡. h‘mao Bg à~ÝY‘|, {H$ÝVw, CZ CnOrì`à‘mUdMZm|Ho$ CÕaUm|Ho$ AmYmana dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s YmaUmAm|H$m g‘W©ZAWdm `Wmì`m»`mV A{^àm`m|Ho$ Am¡{MË`H$m CnnmXZ A{^àoV Zht h¡. `hm§Vmo Ho$db g§jon‘| ñdrH¥$V ñdê$nH$m {Zê$nU àñVwV H$aZm hr h‘| A{^àoV h¡.AñVw.

2."‘mBÝS²>' nXH$m dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| gå^m{dV n`m© : ~mobMmbH$s A§J«oµOr ^mfm‘| "‘mBÝS²>' eãX AZoH$mZoH$ AWm]‘| à wŠV hmoVm

h¡. ~w{Õ/^mdmdoJHo$ ÛÝÛHo$ gÝX^©‘| "‘mBÝS²>' nXH$m à`moJ, CXmhaUV`m,""hmQ>²©Ho$ ~Om` AnZo ‘mBÝS²>Ho$ AZwgma ~aVmo'' O¡go {dYmZ‘| ~w{ÕdmMH$ ~ZOmVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV ""‘mBÝS²> AngoQ²> hmo J`m'' O¡go {dYmZ‘|, O~{H$,"‘mBÝS²>' nX C{Û½ZVmHo$ ‘Zmo mdm|H$m ^r dmMH$ ~ZVm hr h¡. "‘mBÝS²>/~m°S>r'Ho$ÛÝÛ‘| `h nX earamÝV y©V ‘pñVîH$ê$n A§J `m CgHo$ ì`mnmam|H$m O¡go dmMH$~ZVm h¡, d¡go hr "‘mBÝS²>/‘oQ>a²'Ho$ ÛÝÛ‘| `h A^m¡{VH$ MoVZ Ðì`H$m dmMH$^r ~Z OmVm h¡. AV… Eogr AZoH${dY AW©N>m`mAm|H$mo AnZo gmW g‘oQ>oaIZodmbo Bg nXH$m nyU© n`m© Am¡a dmÀ` yV nXmW© ^maVr` Xe©Z‘| ghgmCnbãY Zht hmoVm. {’$a^r dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| à wŠV "AÝV…H$aU' nX "‘mBÝS²>'nX‘| àH$Q> hmoVr, gmar {H$ gmar Zht Vmo ^r, H$B© gmar AW©N>m`mAm|H$mo Üd{ZVH$aVm h¡. AV… Cgo AmË‘m MoVZm {dMma gmdYmZr ^mdmdoJ `m ‘Z Am{XHo$

A{^Ym`H$ nXHo$ ê$n‘| boZoHo$ ~Om` AÝV…H$aUHo$ dmMH$ nXHo$ ê$n‘| boH$a{ddoMZ H$aZm A{YH$ Cn`wŠV Ed§ àmg§{JH$ bJVm h¡. AVEd nmíMmË`Xe©ZHo$ gÝX ©‘| AÝV…H$aUH$s `h {ddoMZm, `{X Aàmg§{JH$ bJVr hmo Vmo Bgg§‘mÝ` {dÛÒmoð>rgo j‘m`mMZmnyd©H$ hr, VXW© àd¥Îm hmoZm Mmhÿ§Jm.

3.AÝV…H$aUHo$ ñdê$n-{H«$`mH$bmnH$m doXmÝVm{^‘V nyd©gÝX ©: Bg g¥{ï>‘| AZw^y`‘mZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ AZoH${dY Û¡Vm|H$s ì`m»`m,

dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|, EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ gd©^dZgm‘Ï`© Am¡agË`g§H$ën Ho$ AmYmana àñVwV H$s OmVr h¡. `h gwdU©-Am yfUHo$ ~rMAZw^yV hmoVo A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ (nominal formal and functional

transformation of immutable substance) Ho$ CXmhaUÛmam {gÕH$m ©H$maU^mdHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mar J`r h¡(2). AV… gmaoHo$ gmao ^m¡{VH$ nXmW©Cg gpÀMXmZÝX(=gV²+{MX²+AmZÝX)ê$n ~«÷Ho$ AZoH$mZoH$ A{dH¥$V gX§em|Ho$g§KmVm|‘| àH$Q> hþE {deof-{deof Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ n[aUm‘ h¢(3).

Bg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s VrZ : H$ñdê$n IH$maU VWm JH$m ©ê${nUr H$mo{Q>`m§ (Categories) ñdrH$mar JB© h¢(4).

BZ‘| gd©‘yb ñdê$nH$moQ>rHo$ AÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ H$moQ>r H$/1{H«$`m Am¡a kmZê$nr Xmo Y‘m]go {d{eï> EH$ Y‘u na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU ñdrH$mao J oh¢(5). Xygar Cgr na~«÷H$s H$/2gÎmm MoVZm Am¡a Xoe-H$mb-dñVwn[aÀN>oXa{hVVmê${nUr Y‘© yV Ed§ Ym‘ yV r EH$ "Aja~«÷' Zm‘H$ H$moQ>r gd©H$maUH$maUV`m‘mÝ` H$s J`r h¡. Bgr Aja~«÷Ho$ VrZ AdmÝVa nhbw : H$/2/AH$mb H$/2/AmH$‘©Am¡a H$/2/Bñd^md Zm‘H$ ñdrH$mao J o h¢(6).

IH$maUH$moQ>rHo$ AÝVJ©V AÆ>mB©g : I/1-3 gÎdm{X JwUÌ`r I/4CZH$s gmå`mdñWmàH¥${V I/5nwéf I/6‘hX² I/7Ah§H$ma I/8-12n§MVÝ‘mÌm I/13-17n§M‘hm yV I/18-27Xe{dYBpÝÐ` Am¡a I/28‘Z Zm‘H$ VÎd ñdrH$mao J o h¢(7).

195 196

JH$m ©H$moQ>rHo$ AÝVJ©V J/1O‹S>JU Am¡a J/2OrdJU à oX ñdrH$mao J o h¢. BZXmoZm|‘| nwZ… O‹S>Ho$ : J/1/Aì`{ï> Am¡a J/1/Amg‘{ï> ê$n ^r ñdrH$mao J o h¢. Bgr VahOrdJUHo$ ^r nwZ… J/2/Aì`{ï> Am¡a J/2/Amg‘{ï> à oX ñdrH$mao J o h¢(8).

àË oH$ m¡{VH$ O‹S> ê$n, CXmhaUV`m KQ>, O‹S>JUHo$ AÝVJ©V EH$ ì`{ï>ê$nhmoVm h¡. VWm I/13-17n§M‘hm yVmÝVJ©{UV n¥{Wdr ñdê$noU H$maUH$mo{Q>H$ hmoZona^r gH$b O‹S> nm{W©d nXmWm]H$s H$m ©g‘{ï>Ho$ ê$n‘| H$m ©H$mo{Q>H$ ^r ‘mZr OmgH$Vr h¡.

Bgr Vah àË oH$ gOrd àmUr, CXmhaUV`m "XodXÎm'Zm‘H$ nwéf `m CgH$mKmo‹S>m, OrdJUHo$ AÝVJ©V ì`{ï>ê$n hmoVo h¢. Am¡a H$maUH$moQ>rHo$ AÝVJ©{UV I/

5nwéf ñdê$noU H$maUH$mo{Q>H$ hmoZona r AnZo H$m ©g‘{ï> hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| H$m ©H$mo{Q>V`m^r n[aJ{UV hmo nmVm h¡.

`hm§ h‘ `h XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ H$m ©H$moQ>r‘| àm`… AZHo${dY VÎdm|H$m g§KmVhr {H$gr Z {H$gr {deofê$nV`m àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

4.AÝV…H$aUH$m ñdê$n: CpëbpIV ñdê$n-H$maU-H$m ©H$mo{Q>Am|Ho$ gÝX ©Ho$ n[aàoú`‘| "AÝV…H$aU'

nXdmÀ` VÎd ^r H$maUH$moQ²>çÝVJ©{UV I/5nwéfH$s A§e^mdmnÝZ ì`{ï>MoVZm Ed§H$maUH$moQ²>çÝVJ©{UV I/6‘hX² I/7Ah§H$ma I/28‘Z Ho$ ì`{ï>^mdmnÝZ H$m ©ê$nm|Ho$g§KmVV`m EH$ {d{eï> ñdê$n Ed§ {H«$`mH$bmnm|H$mo {ZînÝZ H$aZodmbm{MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n nXmW© h¡. `h h‘ àË oH$ àm{UAm|Ho$ ^rVa àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Am¡a`hr AÝV…H$aU h‘mao Bg à~ÝYH$m ‘w»` à{VnmÚ {df` ^r h¡.

H$m ©H$moQ>rHo$ g^r nXmW© àm`… BZ H$maU VWm H$m © H$mo{Q>Am|Ho$ AÝVJ©{UVAZoH${dY VÎdm|Ho$ g§KmVê$n hmoVo h¢ Omo ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. AV… BgVÏ`H$mo Wmo‹S>m gm Am¡a gwñnï> H$a boZm àñVwV {d‘e©‘| Hw$N> CnH$maH$ hr hmoJm.Š`m|{H$, CXmhaUV`m, h‘mam eara n§M{dY ‘hm yV, Xe{dY BpÝÐ`, n§M{dY

àmU, MVw{d©Y AÝV…H$aUm|Ho$ g§KmV‘| àH$Q> hþAm EH$ {deof Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ n[aUm‘ h¡. Bg‘| g§KmVKQ>H$ VÎmV² gX§e Vmo A{dH¥$V hr ahVo h¢naÝVw EH$ {d{eï> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ g§KmVê$n `h eara fS²>{dY CËn{ÎmpñW{V {dn[aU{V d¥{Õ Anj` Am¡a {dZme ê$nr ^md{dH$mam|‘| JwOaVm gmàVrV hmoZona ^r AnZo gËñd^mdH$m Ë`mJ Zht H$aVm Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡.AÝ`Wm CËnÎ`m{X {H«$`mAm|H$mo {ZamYma ‘mZZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>oJm. AV… ZVmo CËn{Îm àmJ^mdê$n ‘mZr OmVr h¡ Am¡a Z {dZme àÜd§gm^mdê$n hr, ~«m{÷H$gX§e g^r AdñWmAm|‘| A{dH¥$VV`m AZwJV ahVm AZw^yV hmoVm hmoZogo.gX§em|Ho$ A{dH¥$V n[aUm‘ê$n BZ AZoH$mZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| {MX§e Am¡aAmZÝXm§e Ho$ Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^mdH$s à{H«$`mHo$ A§JrH$maÛmam N>hm|Ho$ N>h^md{dH$mam|H$s àVr{V Am¡a MVw{d©Y A^mdm|H$s àVr{V H$s ^r ì`m»`m,dmëb^ doXmÝV, Bgr Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AmYmana XoZm MmhVmh¡(9). AWm©V² CËnÎ`m{X AdñWmAm|‘| JwOaVo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© H$^r JwßVV`m `mgwfwßVV`m {dÚ‘mZ (latent) ahZoHo$ H$maU `m Vmo {ZO AW©{H«$`mH$mo H$aVoahZona ^r AZw y{VJmoMa(manifest) Zht hmoVo. `m AZw y{VJmoMa hmoZona ^r{ZO-AW©{H«$`mH$mar (activated) Zht hmoVo. AWdm H$^r Z Vmo AZw y{VJmoMa(non-evident) hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Z {ZO-AW©{H«$`mH$mar hr (non-activated)

hmoVo h¢(10).

Bgr Vah gmar MoVZmE§ CgHo$ A{dH¥$V {MX§e‘|go CÒV AUwê$n hmoVr h¢.àË oH$ MoVZm AnZo AUwñdê$n‘| Xygar AUwê$n MoVZmgo {^ÝZ hmoZona ^r {H$gr{deof Zm‘ `m {deof ê$n H$mo àH$Q> H$aVr Z hmoZogo CËn{Îm {dn[aU{V d¥{ÕAnj` `m {dZme AdñWmAm|H$mo XagmVr Zht h¡. AV… MoVZm‘| J‘mnJ‘H$s{H«$`m Vmo AZw yV hmoVr h¢ naÝVw CËnÎ`m{X ^md{dH$maH$s Zht. MoVZmH$m Eogmñdê$n nmíMmË` Xe©Zm|‘| ñdrH¥$V "gmob' "goë’$' "AmB{S>`m' "WmoQ²>' "bmoJmog²'"‘m°ZmS²>' `m "‘mBÝS²>' Am{X nXm|Ho$ à`moJÛmam ^br^m§{V A{^ì`ŠV Zht hmonmVm. Š`m|{H$ Bg VahH$s H$m°ÝerAgZog²H$mo "g|goeZ²' H$hZm ^r O~ eŠ`Zht, V~ "arµOqZJ²' `m "aoeZo{bQ>r' Ho$ ê$n‘| Vmo ñdrH$maZm gd©Wm Aàmg§{JH$hr hmoJm. AV… MoVZm EH$ Eogr goë’$Adoa g|{g{Q>{dQ>r h¡ Omo {H$gr {df`Ho$gånH©$‘| AmZona {df`ñ’w$aUm {df`mZw y{V {df`H$m‘Zm {df`g§H$ën {df`ñ‘¥{V

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{df`H$ënZm {df`g§H$bZm {df`mkmZ {df`g§e` {df`^«mpÝV AWdm{df`ì`m‘moh Am{X AZoH${dY ~m¡{ÕH$ `m ‘mZ{gH$ ì`mnmam|Ho$ àmH$Q²>çH$mAÝ`Va hoVw ~ZVr h¡. CXmhaUV`m BboŠQ´>r{gQ>rH$mo h‘ H$åß wQ>a² Q>onaoH$mS©>a² `mQ>r.dr. ao’«$sOoaoQ>a² Am{X {~ObrHo$ CnH$aUm|‘| {ZînÝZ hmoVo AZoH${dY {H«$`mH$bmnm|H$mAÝ`Va hoVw Vmo ‘mZ gH$Vo h¢ naÝVw EH$‘mÌ hoVw Zht, Š`m|{H$ BZ CnH$aUm|Ho$Z hmoZona, AHo$br {~Obr BZ AZoH${dY {H«$`mH$bmnm|H$mo {ZînÝZ Zht H$anmVr.

5.AÝV…H$aUHo$ {H«$`mH$bmnm|Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZoH$s ar{V: Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~«m{÷H$ gX§e àH¥${V ‘hmZ² Ah§H$ma Am{Xgo

‘Z n ©ÝV CÎmamoÎma àd{V©V CnmXmZ-n[aUm‘^mdmnÝZ hmoZoH$s à{H«$`m, O~nwéfHo$ gmpÝZÜ`demV² AnZo‘| ~«m{÷H$ {MX§eê$n M¡VÝ`go H¥${Ì‘V`m à{Vg§H«$mÝVhmoVr h¡, V~ dh EH$ ì`{ï> AÝV…H$aUH$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¡. BgHo$ H$maUAÝV…H$aU ñd § O‹S> hmoZona ^r MoVZm{`V hmo H$a MoVZmon‘ ì`dhma H$aZobJVm h¡. Am¡a {MX§eê$nm MoVZm ñd §‘| AÝV…H$aUÛmam {ZînÝZ hmoVr {H«$`mAm|H$mo{ZînÝZ H$aZo‘| gj‘ Z hmoZona ^r AÝV…H$aUH$s Cnm{YHo$ demV² {df`ñ’w$aUm{df`mZw y{V {df`H$m‘Zm {df`g§H$ën {df`ñ‘¥{V {df`H$ënZm {df`g§H$bZm{df`mkmZ {df`g§e` {df`^«mpÝV AWdm {df`ì`m‘moh Am{X AZoH${dYgMoVZì`mnmam|Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡(11).

6.AÝV…H$aUHo$ {d{^ÝZ {H«$`mH$bmnm|Ho$ Ho$ÝÐê$n Mma {d^mJ: dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| AÝV…H$aUHo$ Mma {d^mJ : 1{MÎm 2Ah§H$ma 3‘Z Am¡a

4~w{Õ ñdrH$mao J o h¢(12). AVEd "‘mBÝS²>'Ho$ n`m© dmMH$ nXV`m "AÝV…H$aU'nXH$mo ñdrH$maZona Bg MVwJ«©ÝWr AÝV…H$aUHo$ {H«$`m-H$bmnm|H$s OmZH$marCgHo$ {d{^ÝZ Ho$ÝÐm| `m {d^mJm| Ho$ ñdê$nm|H$mo OmZo {~Zm gå^d Z hmoZogo{d^mJe… {H«$`m-H$bmnm|Ho$ ~mao‘| {d‘e© H$aZm A{YH$ Cn wŠV hmoJm.

7.AÝV…H$aUHo$ àW‘ {d^mJ {MÎmH$m ñdê$n Am¡a CgHo$ {H«$`mH$bmn:

nyd©{Z{X©ï> gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s ñdê$nH$moQ>rHo$ AÝVJ©V H$/2na~«÷H$s gÎmmM¡VÝ` Am¡a Xoe-H$mb-dñVwn[aÀN>oXa{hVVm ê$nr Y‘©^yV-Ym‘^yV VWmgd©H$maUH$maU yV Aja~«÷ hmoVm h¡ `h h‘Zo {XIbm`m. Cg‘| Cgr ~«÷H$sH$maUH$moQ>r‘| AÝV y©Vm I/1-3gÎdm{X JwUÌ`rH$s AjwãY gmå`mdñWm ê${nUr I/

4àH¥${V àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Bg àH¥${V‘| H$/2/AH$mbHo$ de {Vamo{hV M¡VÝ` nwZ… I/

5nwéfM¡VÝ`ê$noU à{Vg§H«$mÝV hmoVm h¡. Bg à{Vg§H«$mpÝVHo$ de dh jwãY hmoOmVr h¡. n[aUm‘V`m Cg‘| JwUd¡få` àH$Q> hmoZo bJVm h¡. Am¡a Bg Vah dhI/6‘hV² VÎdHo$ AmH$maV`m nwZ… n[aUV hmo OmVr h¡. Bg ‘hV² VÎd‘| gX§e VmoàmH¥$V hr hmoVm h¡ naÝVw {MX§e nm¡éf. Bgo "‘hmZ²' Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡ Š`m|{H$AmJo Mb H$a n¡Xm hmoZodmbo gånyU© OJV²H$m àgdhoVw `hr ~ZVm h¡. `hr{dídmYmaê$n hmoVm h¡. {S>å~H$moegÑe àmH¥$V gX§e‘| aoVmo~rOgÑe {MX§eH$mà{Vg§H«$‘U `m àdoe hmoVm h¡. Am¡a V~ `h OJV²H$m «yUê$n `m A§Hw$aê$n ~ZVmh¡. `m| ~moÜ`~moYH$^mda{hV V‘moê$n àmH¥$V gX§e‘| nm¡éf {MX§eHo$à{Vg§H«$‘UdemV² ~moÜ`~moYH$^mdH$m CØdê$n V‘mo{ZagZ Bg ‘hV² VÎdHo$H$maU eŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡. AV… d¥jHo$ ~rOH$s Vah AnZo‘|go àH$Q> hmoZodmbo{dídH$s gyú‘mdñWm Bg‘| A§Hw$aUm{^‘wIr ~ZVr h¡. AV… Bgo ãbw{àÝQ²>H$s VahOJËàH$meH$, d¥j~rOH$s Vah OJÁOZH$ VWm A{Vg‘W© V‘moZmeH$ hmoZoHo$ê$n‘| ^r àH$Q> hmoVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. `h A{V{Z‘©b emÝV VWm gpÀMÐÿn hmoVmh¡. na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU(13)H$s AZw y{VH$m {dídgZr`AmZÝXmZw^mdH$ dmgwXodmË‘H$ H$aU ^r `hr ~ZVm h¡(14). h‘mao ^rVaAÝV…H$aUH$s Omo {ZJy‹T>mdñWm `m {ZJyT>V‘ {d^mJ "{MÎm' Zm‘H$ h¡, Cgo Bgr‘hV² VÎdH$m ì`ï>ç§e g‘PZm Mm{hE. `h A{V ñdÀN> hmoVm h¡ AV… Bgo~w{Õgo n¥WŠV`m g‘PZm Mm{hE. ~w{Õ kmZê$nm hmoZona ^r ñdÀN> Zht hmoVr.{MÎm, O~{H$, {Z{d©f` Ho$db gwfwßË`dñWmgm{jH$ AmË‘md~moYê$n ñdÀN>hmoVm h¡.

AmË‘md~moY gmao {df`md~moYm|H$m ~rOê$n hmoVm h¡. O¡go H$åß wQ>a²H$mñdrM Am°’$ H$a XoZona ^r Am°’$ Z hmoZodmbm ñdrMAm°’$-AdñWmgm{jH$CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

{ZOmË‘md~moYê$n hmoVm h¡. AWm©V² dh ñd §Ho$ à{V g^mZ hmoVm h¡ VÛV². dh

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O¡go AnZo hmS©>{S>ñH²$ VWm g‘` Am{XHo$ ~mao‘| H$åß wQ>a²H$s g^mZVm h¡, d¡go hr{MÎm r {ZÐmdñWm‘| r AZñV{‘V AmË‘g^mZVm h¡. AV… h {MÎm {dH$maa{hVhmoVm h¡. H$åß wQ>a²‘| O¡go RAM (Random Acces Memory) hmoVr h¡ d¡gmM§Mb ‘Z, O~{H$, {ZaÝVa {dH$maerb hmoVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh {H$gr ^r {df`H$s’$mBb `m àmoJ«m‘ H$mo H$åß wQ>aHo$ Am°Z/Am°’$ H$aZoH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma hrgåhmb nmVm h¡ AWdm Imo XoVm h¡.

Bgr Vah emÝV Kmoa {d‘y‹T> Ah§H$ma ^r Ho$db emÝV H$^r Zht hmo nmVm,O~{H$ {MÎm Vmo Ho$db emÝV hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ah§H$mago ^r {dgÑe hr hmoVm h¡.~wÕçwnm{YdemV² H$^r-H$^mH$ {dH¥$V AemÝV gm H$mbwî` gm Bg‘| àVrVhmoZona ^r {MÎm ñd^mdV… Vmo {Z{d©H$ma emÝV hr ahVm h¡(16).

h‘Zo XoIm {H$ d¡go Vmo dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Am{Y^m¡{VH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ `mAm{YX¡{dH$ g^r ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm ~«÷ ñd § EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎd h¡.{’$a^r gÎmm M¡VÝ` Am¡a {Ì{dY An[apÀN>ÝZVmH$mo {b o aIZodmbm Aja~«÷àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$ ê$n‘| {ÛYm {d^ŠV hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX AnZr Bg ‘hX²-AdñWm‘| nwZ… {MX{MX²J«pÝW^mdmnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. VXZwê$n àË oH$ àmUr‘| ahmhþAm ‘hX§e yV {MÎm ^r {MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n hmoVm h¡.

‘yb‘| `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AnZo `hm§ ^maVdf©‘| Mmdm©H$ ‘V Ho$db ^m¡{VH$nXmWm]H$s hr gÎmm ñdrH$maVm h¡ Vmo {dkmZdmXr ~m¡Õ VWm em§H$a doXmÝV Ho$dbAmË‘m `m MoVZ nXmW©H$s hr gÎmm ñdrH$maVo h¢. Bgr Vah yamon‘| ^r Hw$N>^m¡{VH$dmXr {MÝVH$ Ho$db ‘oQ>aH$s hr gÎmm ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo Xygao AmË‘dmXr{MÝVH$ Ho$db ‘mBÝS²>H$s hr gÎmm ñdrH$maVo h¢. XmoZm| hr AnZo-AnZo Ñ{ï>H$moUm|Ho$AmJ«hm|Ho$ AZwê$n gmaoHo$ gmao material phenomina m mental phenomina

H$s Mind `m Matter Ho$ ê$n‘| ì`m»`m H$a nmVo h¢. `h Reductionistic

approach ñd`§ {MÎmHo$ {MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n hmoZogo CnnÝZ ^r hmo OmVm h¡.AVEd AZ}ñQ²> dmëS>’«$mB©S²> Omogo’²$ d|µOob² ‘°H²$H$mo `{X Neutral Monism

wpŠVg§JV bJVm h¡ Vmo ~Q´>oÝS²> agob ""What is Mind? Does not matter.

What is Matter? Never mind.'' CnhmgÛmam Neutral Atomic Pluralism

^r àñVm{dV H$a nmVo h¢

dmëb^ doXmÝV Bg gÝX ©‘| H$hZm MmhoJm {H$ ‘yb VÎd C^`mË‘H$ h¡ Am¡aC^`mVrV ^r(16). AVEd àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ nXmW©H$s O¡go g|goeZ‘| ì`m»`meŠ` hmo nmVr h¡, d¡go hr g^r ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$`mH$bmnm|H$s ^m¡{VH$-amgm`{ZH$ì`m»`m ^r CVZr hr gweŠ` bJVr h¡. ‘ybV… `h Bgr{bE gå^d hmo nmVmh¡ Š`m|{H$ {dídHo$ ‘yb‘| ahm ‘hV² VÎd C^`mË‘H$ hmoVm h¡. h ‘hV² ñd § {OgH$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfmË‘H$ Aja~«÷H$m Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ì`mH$aU `m {dñVma h¡ dh C^`mË‘H$ ^r hmoVm h¡ Am¡a C^`mVrV ^r(17).AV… O‹S>OrdmË‘Zm {d^ŠV hþAm Aja~«÷ ‘hV² VÎdHo$ ê$n‘| nwZ… C^`{‘{lVhmo OmVm h¡. ‘hV² Ah§H$maV`m n[aUV hmoVm h¡. Ah§H$mago {df`m|Ho$ JwUY‘©ê$nVÝ‘mÌmAm|H$m n[aUm‘ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ VWm VX²J«mhH$ BpÝÐ`m§ ^r n[aUV hmoVr h¢.BÝht VÝ‘mÌmAm|Ho$ ñWyb n[aUm‘ê$n n§M‘hm yV hmoVo h¢. AV… Bg Ñ{ï>H$moUgoh‘mar AZw y{VAm|H$m AmH$bZ H$aZona g¥{ï>H$s à{H«$`m‘| hr {MX{MXmË‘H$VmAÝ`moÝ`g§H«$mÝV ahVr hmoZogo {H$gr ^r {df` `m AZw y{V H$s {ddoMZm {OgN>moago H$s Om` Cg N>moago CgH$m d¡gm ê$n {XIbmB© XoZo bJZm EH$ ñdm^m{dH$H$Wm bJVr h¡. AVEd hmb hr ‘| ñdna~moYerb ñdVmoOZH$ ‘m°boŠ ybHo${Z‘m©U-AZwgÝYmZ‘| {ZaV Zm°~ob Cnm{Ygo nwañH¥$V lr Á`m± ‘m[aE boÝhHo$ hmbhr ‘| ‘w§~B©‘| Times of India g‘mMmanÌH$mo {X o EH$ gmjmËH$ma‘| CZHo$ ÛmamàH$Q> `h CÒma g^r {dMmaH$m|Ho$ {bE ‘ZZr` h¡:-

""Imagine bricks that can get together to form ahouse, (if) the information is in the bricks tospontaneously assemble. Bricks can't do it, of course,but molecules can... Life for me is a much simplerproblem than, say, consciousness. Indeed, the distancefrom non-livling matter to living matter is much shorterthan that from living matter to thinking matter. Howcome natural evolution has led to an entity able to thinkover the very thing which produced it‹? This ability{tobe a part of nature and to be apart...{is what I findabsolutely awesome.''

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`hm§ Z Ho$db O‹S>-OrdHo$ ~rM AmË`pÝVH$ oXH$m A{nVw AmË`pÝVH$A oXH$m ^r {ZagZ Üd{ZV hmo ahm h¡. AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ VmpÎdH$ A oXAm¡a Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©JV oX H$mo ñdrH$maZo OmZoH$s {Xem‘| hr lr Á`m± ‘m[aEboÝhH$m AZwgÝYmZ AJ«ga hmoVm Om oJm. AV… O‹S>{df`Ho$ ~moYmË‘H$ Y‘m]go‘pÊS>V hmoZo‘| AWdm O‹S>{df`H$ ~moYHo$ ñd § O‹S> CnH$aUm|go OÝ` hmoZo‘|Xe©ZemñÌH$mo A~ {dpñ‘V hmoZoH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îmna H$m~y nmZm n‹S>oJm Š`m|{H$AZw^y{V{df`ê$n O‹S>Ðì` `m O‹S>Ðì`{df{`H$m AO‹S>-AZw^y{V H$sBVaoVaOÝ`OZH$Vm A~ ghO hr g‘Pr Om gH$Zodmbr ~mV ~ZZo Om ahr h¡

7.AÝV…H$aUHo$ {ÛVr` {d^mJ Ah§H$maH$m ñdê$n Am¡a CgHo$ {H«$`mH$bmn: kmZàYmZ ‘hV² VÎdgo {H«$`mepŠVê$n ì`{ï> VWm g‘{ï> ê$n Ah§H$ma

n[aUV `m àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ì`{ï>ê$n {MÎm Am¡a g‘{ï>ê$n ‘hV² XmoZm| hr{MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n hmoVo h¢. AV… AnZo CnmXmZH$maUmZwê$n Ah§H$ma r C^`J«pÝWê$nhr àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. V‘moJwUHo$ CÐoH$de, Bg‘|go, VÝ‘mÌmAm|H$m, aOmoJwUHo$CÐoH$de Xe{dY BpÝÐ`m|H$m Am¡a gÎdJwUHo$ CÐoH$de ‘ZH$m n[aUm‘ àH$Q>hmoVm h¡(18).

ewÕ AmË‘MoVZm‘| H$V¥©Ëd~moY Bgr Ah§H$mago H¥${Ì‘ VmXmËå`^mdmn{ÎmdemV²gå^d hmoVm h¡. Bgo `m| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AmË‘MoVZmHo$ {~Zm Z VmoAh§H$maê$n AÝV…H$aUHo$ {d^mJ‘| Ah§~moY eŠ` hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z AmÝV[aH$Ah§H$aUHo$ {~Zm AmË‘MoVZm‘| hr Ah§{d{ÎmdoÚVm gå^d hmo nmVr h¡. Jm‹T>{ZÐm‘| Ah§{d{ÎmdoÚ AmË‘mHo$ {dÚ‘mZ ahZona r Ah§~moY ah Zht OmVm. AV…,O¡gm {H$ nhbo hr MVwJ«©ÝWr AÝV…H$aUHo$ ~mao‘| h‘ XoI hr MwHo$, H$åß wQ>a²JVCMOS Ho$ g‘mZ O¡go {MÎm hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr ROM (Read Only Memory)

H$s Vah Ah§H$ma hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `h Ah§H$ma ^r Hw$N> d¡gm hr CÎmaXm{`Ëd{Z^mVm h¡ {H$ O¡gm H$m ©{ZînmXZ H$åß wQ>a²‘| ROM (Read Only Memory)

H$aVm h¡. h‘mao g^r VahHo$ MoVZmì`mnmam|H$mo EH$gyÌ H$aZodmbm {ZOmË‘g§doXZmê$n`h {d^mJ `m AmÝV[aH$ g§H$f©Uê$n CnH$aU h¡. h‘mao ~mh²` eara Am¡aAmÝV[aH$ ‘Zmo~w{ÕHo$ {ZË`n[adV©Zerb hmoZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| `h Ah§H$ma

An[adV©Zerb hr ahVm h¡, arS²> Am°Ýbr ‘o‘m°ar= y H°$Z² Zm°Q²> M|O² Amoa ar‘yd²ìhm°Q²> BµO ñQ>moS©²> BZ² BQ²>

Bgr Ah§H$ma‘|go àmU Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$ nhbw ^r eZ¡… n[aUV `m àH$Q> hmoVoh¢. AV… BÝh| Ah§H$maHo$ ê$nmÝVaV`m ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡(19). àmU h‘mao^rVa dh {H«$`mepŠV ^aVm h¡ {H$ {Oggo H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ ñdñdH$m © {ZînÝZ H$aZo‘|g‘W© hmo nmVr h¢. ~w{Õ Bgr Vah kmZopÝÐ`m|Ho$ Ûmago {df`m|H$mo J¥hrV ~Zm H$a{df`~moY {df`ñ‘¥{V {df`mkmZ {df`g§e` {df`{d «‘ {df`ñdßZ `m {ZÐmCËnÝZ H$aVr h¡. BgH$m {ddoMZ AmJo {H$`m Om oJm.

8.AÝV…H$aUHo$ V¥Vr` {d^mJ ‘ZH$m ñdê$n Am¡a CgHo$ {H«$`mH$bmn: O¡gm {H$ h‘ H$h MwHo$ Ah§H$ma‘| gmpÎdH$ JwUHo$ CÐoH$demV² ‘ZñVÎd

ê$nr n[aUm‘ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. `h ‘Z ^r {H«$`m Am¡a ~moY C^`{dY JwUY‘m]gowŠV hmoVm h¡. BgH$m ñdê$n g§H$ën-{dH$ënmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡(20).

Omo ^r Hw$N> H$‘© h‘| AnZo ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢ `m gm‘Ï ©Ho$AZwê$n h‘ H$aZm MmhVo h¢, CÝh| H$aZoH$m g§H$ën Am¡a CZH$s H$m‘Zm h‘maog{H«$` ‘ZHo$ ^rVa n¡Xm hmoVr ‘mZr J`r h¢. Bgr Vah {Og {df`H$m h‘| ~moYhmoVm h¡ CgHo$ `mWmÏ ©Ho$ gmao gå^m{dV Am¡a Agå^m{dV {dH$ën ^r g^mZ‘ZHo$ ^rVa D$hmnmohHo$ ê$n‘| C^aVo-Sy>~Vo ahVo h¢. CXmhaUV`m KQ>Ho$ ~moYHo$g‘` dh {H$g/{H$Z CnmXmZ Am¡a {H$g/{H$Z {Z{‘Îm H$maUm|go {Z{‘©V hþAm h¡,dh {H$g/{H$Z a§Jm|H$m h¡ `m hmo gH$Vm h¡, dh ObYmaUmW© h¡ `m g§JrVJmo{ð>‘|VmbdmXZmW© h¡, dh AnZo g‘mZdJu` AÝ` KQ>m|H$s VwbZm‘| N>moQ>m h¡ `m ~‹S>mh¡, `h Añdm{‘H$ h¡ `m ì`pŠV{deofñdm{‘H$ h¡, Am{X-Am{X AZoH$mZoH${dH$ënm|H$m D$hmnmoh ‘Z KQ>mZw y{VH$s AmÚjUHo$ eVm§e‘| H$a boVm h¡. AVEdgwI-Xw…I amJ-Ûof X`m-Z¡ðw> © H$m‘-AH$m‘ H«$moY-AH«$moY bmo -Abmo ‘moh-A‘moh ‘X-A‘X ‘mËg ©-A‘mËg © g§H$ën-{d{M{H$Ëgm lÕm-AlÕm Y¡ ©-AY¡ © bÁOm-AbÁOm AWdm ^`-A^` Am{X g^r ‘Zmod¥{Îm`m§ ‘Z…H$a{UH$mhr hmoVr h¢. h‘mar {df`mZw y{VAm|H$mo h‘mar ^mdZmAm|Ho$ a§J‘| a§J XoZoH$m H$m‘^r ‘Z hr H$aVm ahVm h¡. JwUÌ`rHo$ gmpÎdH$gmpÎdH$ gmpÎdH$amOg

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gmpÎdH$Vm‘g, amOggmpÎdH$ amOgamOg amOgVm‘g AWdm Vm‘ggmpÎdH$Vm‘gamOg Vm‘gVm‘g Am{X BVaoVaJw{UV AZoH${dY {Z{‘Îmm|Ho$ de jwãY hmoH$a ‘Z hr BZ AZoH${dY ‘Zmo mdZmAm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡. `h Vmo h‘ XoI hrMwHo$ h¢ {H$ `h ‘Z H¡$go H$åß wQ>a²Ho$ RAM (Random Acces Memory)

O¡gm M§Mb hmoZoHo$ H$maU {ZaÝVa n[adV©Zerb hr ahVm h¡.

g^r kmZopÝÐ`m§ Am¡a g^r H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ ‘ZHo$ AmYrZ ahVr h¢. AVEd BgoA{ZéÕê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ {~abo `moJr hr Bgo {ZéÕ H$a nmVo h¢(21).{ZÐmH$mb‘| Vmo `h ‘Z Ah§H$maH$s hr Vah g{H«$` Zht ahVm naÝVw ñdßZ-OmJaU‘| Ah§H$maH$s hr Vah OmJ CR>Vm h¡. BgH$m gm‘Ï © ^r AÝV…H$aUHo$g‘mZ AÝ` g^r {d^mJm|na ~hþYm ~bdÎma hr hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ gh`moJ {~ZmH$moB© ^r BpÝÐ` AnZo ê$nagm{X {df`m|Ho$ J«hUmW© g‘W© Zht hmo nmVr. AVEdàË`jmZw y{V AnZo àmW{‘H$ ñVana {Z{d©H$ënH$ gÝ‘mÌJ«m{hUr hmoZoHo$ H$maUBg AdñWm‘| àË`j ‘Z…g§ wŠV BpÝÐ`m|go OÝ` ‘mZm J`m h¡(22). ‘Z {OZ{dH$ënm|H$m CØmdZ H$aVm h¡ dh CÝh| ~w{ÕHo$ ñ‘¥{VHo$ÝБ|go hr ~mha {ZH$mbVmh¡ Am¡a ñdg§`wŠV BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam àm{nV {df`gyMZmAm|Ho$ gmW-gmW J¥hrV-dñVw-Xoe-H$mb-go gå~Õ `m Agå~Õ AZoH$mZoH$ {dH$ënm|H$m AdJmhZ~w{Õgo `h ‘Z hr H$admZo bJ OmVm h¡.

9.AÝV…H$aUHo$ MVwW© {d^mJ ~w{ÕH$m ñdê$n Am¡a CgHo$ {H«$`mH$bmn: Ah§H$ma‘| amOg JwUHo$ CÐoH$de ~w{ÕVÎdH$m àmH$Q>ç hmoVm h¡. ‘Z, `{X,

BpÝÐ`m|H$m àoaH$ ~ZVm h¡ Vmo ~w{Õ BpÝÐ`m|na AZwJ«h H$aZodmbr ‘mZr J`r h¡.H$‘}pÝÐ`m|go Omo Hw$N> h‘ H$a nmVo h¢ `m kmZopÝÐ`m|go Omo Hw$N> h‘ OmZ nmVo h¢,dh Cg {H«$`m `m Cg {df` Ho$ ~wÕ²çmê$‹T> hmoZona hr eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡. AVEd~w{ÕH$s gmpÎdH$m{X AdñWmAm|Ho$ AZwê$n h‘go H$moB© H$m © `m {df` {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ar{Vgo gånÝZ `m J¥hrV hmo nmVo h¢. `h ~w{ÕH$m H$m © h¡. ~w{ÕH$m ñdê$n`m| g‘Pm`m J`m h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r KQ>m{X gÑe {df`Ho$ ñ’w$aU hmoZona eãX `mg§ñH$ma AWdm AmbmoH$ Ho$ de Omo {d{eï> kmZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ dh ~m¡{ÕH$ hrhmoVm h¡(23). AWm©V² h‘mam gmam g{dH$ënH$ kmZ ~w{ÕOÝ` kmZ hr hmoVm h¡.g‘ZñH$ BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam ~w{ÕHo$ {d^mJ‘| CnñWm{nV gm‘mÝ`kmZ{df`r yV {df`m|Ho$

gmW `WmW©/A`WmW© {d{dY {dH$ënm|H$m g‘m`moOZ ~w{ÕÛmam hr {deofkmZHo$ê$n‘| {Zînm{XV hmoVm h¡(23).

H$åß wQ>a²Ho$ ~o{µOH$ ’§$ŠeÝg²Ho$ CXmhaUm|‘| MVwW© BIOS (Basic Input/

Output System) Ho$ g‘mZmÝVa AÝV…H$aU‘| ~w{ÕH$m {d^mJ hmoVm h¡. O¡goBIOS H$åß wQ>a²Ho$ AÝ` gmao {H«$`m-H$bmnm|‘| ghm`H$ ~ZVm h¡, Eogo hr ~w{Õ^r {MÎm Ah§H$ma Ed§ ‘Z Ho$ AmYrZ ah H$a CÝh| gd©{dY H$m`m]H$mo gånÝZH$aZo‘| ghm{`H$m ~ZVr h¡. BIOS O¡go ROM Ho$ rVa ñQ>m°S©²> hmoVm h¡, Bgr Vah~w{Õ ^r h‘mao Ah§H$mana Am{lV hmoVr h¡. AVEd Jm‹T>{ZÐmdñWm‘| Ah§H$maHo$^r gmo OmZona {MÎm Vmo OJVm h¡ naÝVw ~w{Õ gmo OmVr h¡. AÝV…H$aU‘| ñ’w$[aV(input) Ðì`H$s gÎdm{XJwUhoVwH$ ñ’w$aUmAm|‘| VmaVå`de ~w{Õ r VaV‘^mdmnÝZmhmo OmVr h¡. `m| dh ^r ZmZm{dYm ~Z OmVr h¡. AV… ~w{ÕHo$ Output ,Zm‘e…,g§e` {dn`m©g= «‘ {ZíM` ñ‘¥{V ñdßZ ê${nUr n§M{dY d¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢(25).`m| ~w{ÕHo$ {H«$`m-H$bmnm|H$s ^r AZoH$ {dYmE§ àH$Q> hmoVr h¢.

Bg‘| Amdí`H$V`m AdYo ~mV hr h¡ {H$ gm‘mÝ`V`m dñVwHo$ {dH$ënm|H$mAdJmhZ H$aZodmbm gmamH$m gmam ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ d¡go Vmo amOg ñd^mdH$m ‘mZmJ`m h¡. ‘yb‘|, Š`m|{H$, Ah§H$maHo$ ^rVa amOgJwUmoÐoH$H$m hr n[aUm‘ ~w{ÕH$mo‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgo dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ nwZ… gÚ…àH$Q> àñWmZaËZmH$a(26)Ho$AZwgma XoI boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm:

g§e` : Cg ‘m¡{bH$ amOgVmHo$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr EH$ Y‘uHo$ ~mao‘|{déÕ ZmZmH$mo{Q>H$ Y‘m]H$m AdJmhZ H$aZodmbm g§e`ê$n kmZ nwZ…amOg-amOgê$n kmZH$m EH$ àH$ma hmoVm h¡. gå^mdZm Am¡a VH©$H$mo, dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|, g§e`H$mo{Q>H$ kmZHo$ AÝV© yV hr ‘mZ {b`mJ`m h¡.

{dn`m©g : AWm©V² BpÝÐ`m|go J¥hrV {df`go {^ÝZ {H$gr {df`H$sñ’w$aUm H$amZodmbm amOg-Vm‘gê$n kmZH$m àH$ma «‘ê$n hmoVm h¡.

205 206

`Ú{n àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maHo$ AZwgma `h {df`Xmof Am¡a/AWdmH$aUXmof Ho$ de n¡Xm hmoVm h¡. EVmdVm gmonm{Y «‘ VWm {Zénm{Y «‘XmoZm| VahHo$ «‘ oX dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| A‘mÝ` `m Aì`m» o Zht hmoOmVo.

{ZíM` : AWm©V² `WmW© AZw y{V. Bgo "à‘m' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡.kmZHo$ Bg àH$ma‘| AZw y{V AWm©Z{Vd{V©Zr hmoVr h¡. AWm©V² {OgXoe-H$mb‘| Omo dñVw O¡gr hmo CgH$m Cgr Xoe-H$mb‘| Cgr VahAZw yV hmoZm. `h amOg-gmpÎdH$ê$n àH$ma kmZH$m hmoVm h¡. Bg{ZíM`mH$maH$ kmZHo$ àË`j Am¡a namoj `m| Xmo oX ñdrH$mao J o h¢.{ZíM`mÝVJ©V àË`jHo$ AdmÝVa à oX {Z{d©H$ënH$ AWm©V² gÝ‘mÌJ«mhrgm‘mÝ`kmZ hmoVm h¡-g{dH$ënH$ AWm©V² {dH$ënmdJmhr {d{eï>kmZhmoVm h¡. namoj kmZHo$ àH$mam|‘| AZw{‘{V emãX Am¡a Eo{Vh² H$mo{JZm`m J`m h¡. AÝ` Omo Cn‘mZ AWm©n{Îm AZwnbpãY Am{X AÝ`mÝ`Xe©Zm|Ûmam àñVm{dV {H$ o J o namojà‘mHo$ àH$ma h¢ CZH$m AZw{‘{V‘|AÝV^m©d ñdrH$ma {b`m J`m h¡.

ñ‘¥{V : ~mh² {df`Ho$ CnH«$‘Ho$ {~Zm hr nydm©Zw yV dñVw{df`H$g§ñH$mam|Ho$ H$maU n¡Xm hmoZodmbm ñ‘¥{Vê$n ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ amOg-amOgàH$maH$m hmoVm h¡. `h ~mh² mW©OÝ` Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU AWm©V² Ho$dbAmÝV[aH$ g§ñH$made n¡Xm hmoZoHo$ H$maU Aà‘mUV`m ‘mZm J`m h¡.AVEd ñ‘¥{VV`m ñ‘¥{VHo$ àm‘m{UH$ hmoZona r AWm©V² Ñï>mW©g§dm{XZrhmoZona ^r, Ho$db AmÝV[aH$ H$aUm|Ho$ ì`mnmana {Z ©a OÝ`VmHo$H$maU ñ‘¥{V à‘o {g{Õ‘| gm{YH$m Zht ~ZVr h¡. AV… Bg nm[a^m{fH$AW©‘| ñ‘¥{VH$mo Aà‘mU kmZHo$ àH$maV`m ‘mZm J`m h¡.

ñdßZ : AWm©V² {ZÐm Am¡a OmJaU Ho$ ~rM àH$Q> hmoVm ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZamOg-Vm‘g àH$maH$m kmZ hmoVm h¡. BgH$s Jm‹T> AdñWm‘| OmZonaAWm©V² ~w{ÕHo$ g‘oV ‘Z Am¡a Ah§H$ma Ho$ gmo OmZona gwfwpßVê$n{MÎmH$aUH$ kmZ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. AWm©V² ~w{ÕH$s {ZpîH«$`VmHo$ ê$n‘|

Bgo ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZH$m oX ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ dZm© `h {MÎmH$aUH$kmZH$m àH$ma h¡ {Ogo h‘ XoI hr MwHo$ h¢.

~m¡{ÕH$ kmZHo$ BZ nm§M àH$mam|‘| à‘mUV`m Omo {ZíM`mH$maH$ kmZH$mo‘mZm J`m h¡ CgH$m ñnï>rH$aU ñd § lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà w BZ eãXm|‘| XoVo h¢""AWm}{h kmZñ` AY©‘² A“‘²; AVEd, ñ‘¥{V… Z {ZíM`mpË‘H$mAWm© mdmV²'' (27).AWm©V² AZw y ‘mZ nXmW© AZw y{VH$m AmYm A§J hmoVmh¡. AV… O~ H$moB© AZw y{V AZw y ‘mZ nXmW©go CËnÝZ Z hmo H$a AÝ`mÝ`H$maUm|go CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡ Vmo Cg ~m¡{ÕH$ KQ>ZmH$mo nyU©V`m K{Q>V Z ‘mZ H$aAY©K{Q>V KQ>ZmHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZm Mm{hE. O¡go EH$ ^mfm‘| H$hr J`r {H$gr~mVH$m Xygar ^mfm‘| AZwdmX hmoVm h¡, Cgr Vah Xoe-H$mb‘| K{Q>V {H$grdmñV{dH$ KQ>Zm `m dñVw H$m XoeH$mbmVrV MoVZm‘| nwZ… AZwK{Q>V hmo OmZm"AZw y{V' H$hbmVr h¡. ""`X² d{V VXod AZw y Vo'' Eogm hmoZona hr yVdñVwH$mAZw d `WmW© hmoVm h¡. AÝ`Wm VÔoed{V©Vm VËH$mbd{V©Vm VÕ‘©{d{eï>Vm goa{hV AZw y{V yVdñVwH$s AZwH$m[aUr Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU A`WmW©(=ñ‘¥{V g§e`«‘ ñdßZ ê${nUr) ~Z OmVr h¡. ~mdOyX BgHo$ dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| «‘kmZH$mo

AÝ`Wm»`m{Vê$n Z ‘mZ H$a AÝ`»`m{Vê$n Omo ‘mZm J`m h¡, CgH$m hoVwHo$db `hr h¡ {H$ gmao «‘kmZ BpÝÐ`gåà wŠV Xoe-H$mb-dñVwàH$mago {^ÝZ{H$gr Xoe-H$mb-dñVwàH$ma{df`H$ hmoVo h¢. `h {df`JV AmÝV[aH$/~mh²Xmofm|Ho$ Am¡a/AWdm kmZHo$ AmÝV[aH$/~mh² H$aUm|Ho$ Xmofm|Ho$ de K{Q>V hmoVmhmoZogo AÝ`»`m{Vê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡.

dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V AÝV…H$aUH$m ñdê$n Am¡a CgHo$ {H«$`mH$bmnm|Ho${Zê$nU‘| Bg Vah gm§»`m{^‘V kmZ à{H«$`mH$m ^JdÒrVm Am¡a ^mJdVnwamUHo$ AZwgma Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ gmH$ma~«÷dmXHo$ gmW g‘Ýd`H$m {ZXe©Z ñnï> hmoVm h¡.

‘ybdMZgÝX ©1.""AIÊS§> H¥$îUdV² gd© `Wm VÎmw {Zê${nV§ AmË‘¡d gdª g¥Á`Vo g¥O{V à w…

Ìm`Vo Ìm{V {dídmË‘m {õ`Vo haVrída… "AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gd©' "~«÷¡d V{XX§'

207 208

VWm B{V lwË`W©‘mXm` gmÜ © gd£… `Wm‘{V, A`‘od ~«÷dmX… {eï>§ ‘mohm`H$pënV‘²'' V.Xr.{Z.2&182-184.

2."""VXmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘Hw$éV' B{V ñdñ ¡d H$‘©H$V¥© mdmV², "gwH¥$V'ËddMZmÀMAbm¡{H$H$Ëd§ VWm{n kmZmW©‘² Cnn{Îm‘² Amh "n[aUm‘mV²', n[aU‘VoH$m`m©H$maoUo{V A{dH¥$V‘od n[aU‘Vo gwdUª gdm©{U M V¡Ogm{Z... Vñ‘mX²~«÷n[aUm‘bjU§ H$m ©{‘{V OJËg‘dm{`H$maUËd§ ~«÷UEd B{V {gÕ‘²''AUw m.1&4&26.

3.""g§hV¡… Cn{MV¡… Ad`d¡… JwßVmo Ad`dr àH$Q>r{H«$`Vo'' gw~mo.2&1&24.4.""à‘o § h[aaod¡H$… gJwUmo {ZJw©UíM g… JwUm… H$m ª VWm Y‘©… {H«$`moËnÎ`mX`íM

g…... ~w{Õgm¡H$`©{gÕçWª {Ìê$noUmondÊ`©Vo H$maUoZ M H$m`}U ñdê$noU{deofVmo Aï>mqde{V oXmñVw H$maUo VÎd oXV… JdÎd§ VñVofm§ Vñ‘mÎmÎdm{ZVm{Z Vw…'' V.Xr.{Z.2&84-86.

5.""ñdê$noVw Ì`mo ^oXm… {H«$`mkmZ{d^oXV… {d{eï>oZ ñdê$noU {H«$`mkmZdVmohao…'' V.Xr.{Z.2&89.

6.Ðï>.V.Xr.{Z.2&98-116.7.""gÎd§ aOñV‘íM¡d nwéf… àH¥${V‘©hmZ² Ah§H$ma… nÀM‘mÌm eãXñnem©H¥$Vr

ag… JÝYmo yVm{Z nÄM¡d I§ dm wÁ`m}{Vapßj{V… {H«$`m‘`mZrpÝÐ`m{U dm½Xmoa²-‘oÊT´>mL²>{K«nm`d… lmo̧ Ëd½K«mUÑp½Oˆm ‘Z… f{S>{V oXV…'' V.Xr.{Z.2&94-95.

8.Ðï>.V.Xr.{X.2&118-120.9.""gd©dmXmZdga§ ZmZmdmXmZwamo{Y VX² AZÝV‘y{V© VX² ~«÷ Hy$Q>ñW§ Mb‘od M

{déÕgd©Y‘m©Um‘ml § wŠË`JmoMa‘² Am{d^m©g{Vamo md¡… ‘mohZ§ ~hþê$nV…''V.Xr.{Z.1&70-72.

10.Ðï>.V.Xr.{Z.2&141-146.11.Ðï>.V.Xr.{Z.1&27-33.12.""EH$‘od AÝVamË‘H$‘² AÝV…H$aU§ ‘Zmo~wÕçm{X^oXoZ MVwYm© bú`Vo''

gw~mo.3&26&14.13.""`ñ‘mV² ja‘² AVrVmo Ah‘² AjamX{n M CÎm‘mo AVmo@pñ‘ bmoHo$ doXo M

à{WV… nwéfmoÎm‘…'' ^J.JrVm.15&18.

14.""{MÎmo ^JdËào‘ gånmXZr`‘². VV… ào‘g§d{bV§ {MÎm§ gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ§^JdÝV§ {df`rH$[aî`{V. `Wm `Wm agoZopÝÐ`g{hVm {Oˆm Ðì ofw {dÚ‘mZmZ²agmZ² ñd`‘od J¥ôUm{V, ZVw VÐgkmZ§ nyd©‘² AnojVo. VWm ^ŠË`m{dï>§ {MÎm§ñd`‘od JdÝV§ J¥ôUm{V. à{V{Z`VopÝÐ`dX² JdX²ì`pŠV…'' . gw~mo.2&6&33.

15.Ðï>.gw~mo.3&26&19-22.16.""àmnpÄMH$nXmWm©Zm§ gd}fm§ VX² {dbjU§ OJV… g‘dm{` ñ`mV² VXod M

{Z{‘ÎmH$‘²'' V.{X.{Z.1&67-68,""‘`m VV{‘X§ gdª OJXì`ŠV‘y{V©Zm''^J.JrVm.9&4, ""{dï>ä`mh{‘X§ H¥$ËñZ‘oH$m§eoZ pñWV§ OJV²'' VÌ¡d 10&42.

17.""na§ ~÷Vw H¥$îUmo {h gpÀMXmZÝXH§$ ~¥hX² {Ûê$n§ V{Õ gdª ñ`mX² EH§$Vñ‘mX² {dbjU‘²'' {gÕm.‘wŠVm.3.

18.Ðï>.àñWmZaËZmH$a H$moQ>rÌ`{Zê$nH$ H$ëbmobJV {ÛVr` Va§J.19.VÌ¡d.20.""g§H$ën{dH$ënê$nËd§ñdê$nbjU§H$m‘OZH$Ëd§H$m ©bjU§''gw~mo.3&26&27.21.Ðï>.VÌ¡d.3&26&28.22.Ðï>.àñWmZaËZmH$ar`à‘mUn[a.àW‘H$ëbmo.{ÛVr`Va§.23.Ðï>.gw~mo.3&26&29.24.VÌ¡d.25.VÌ¡d.26.Ðï>.àñWm.aËZm.à‘m.n[a.àW‘H$ëbmo.{ÛVr.Va§.27.gw~mo.3&26&29.

209 210

H$m ©H$maU^md‘r‘m§gm(dmëb^ doXmÝV VWm ~méH$ pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘VH$m VwbZmË‘H$ {d‘e©)

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$m doXmÝV{MÝVZ Z Vmo CZH$m AnZm H$moB© ‘m¡{bH${MÝVZ h¡ Am¡a Z d¡gm H$moB© Xmdm hr CÝhmoZ| H$ht {H$`m h¡. ""AWm}@`‘od{ZpIb¡a{n doXdmŠ ¡… am‘m`U¡… g{hV^maVnÄMamÌ¡… AÝ ¡íM emñÌdMZ¡…ghVÎdgyÌ¡… {ZUu`Vo göX § h[aUm gX¡d''1 H$s CÓmofUm H$aZodmbogo EogoXmdoH$s Anojm aIZoH$m Am¡{MË` ^r Š`m hmo gH$Vm h¡ ‘hmà wH$m Vmo Bg{df`‘| gwñnï> A{^àm` `hr h¡ {H$ ""doXmW©~«÷Umo doXmZwHy$b{dMma…. {H$‘²AÌ wŠV§? ì`m»`mZ‘² B{V, ì`m»`mZVmo {deofà{VnÎmo…''-""nwéfmW©ñ`emñÌmW©ñ` dm ñdê$n§ emñÌ¡H$g‘{YJå § Z ñd~w{Õn[aH$pënV‘². AV…ñd~wÕçm emñÌmWª n[aH$ëß` VÌ doX§ `moO`ÝVmo ‘hmgmh{gH$m… gX²{^…Cnoú`m…''2. d¡go BgHo$ Abmdm h r EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ` h¡ {H$ lre§H$amMm ©gonyd©H$mbrZ H$B© EH$ doXmÝVì`m»`mVmAm|H$s ‘mÝ`VmAm|Ho$ Ì-VÌ {‘bVo CÕaUm|Ho$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona, Zm‘e…, ~«÷ZÝXr V©¥ànÄM ~«÷XÎm Am{X AZoH$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXrdoXmpÝVAm|Ho$ {dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo hr h¢.3

naÝVw àñWmZaËZmH$aH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ Á oð> g‘H$m{bH$ ~méH$pñnZmoµOm (OÝ‘:B©.g. 24Zd§.1634 EåñQ>S©>‘², ‘¥Ë w:21’$a.1677) H$m {MÝVZAnZo nyd©dVu {dMmaH$m|go à^m{dV hmoZona ^r, AWm©V² gËH$m ©dmXr YmaUmAm|go{dnarV Z hmoZona ^r(), {H$gr J«ÝWHo$ ì`m»`mZV`m àH$Q> hþdm Z hmo H$a CgH$sAnZr {dMmaar{V Ed§ kmZ‘r‘m§gmgå~ÝYr YmaUmAm|Ho$ AmYmana àH$Q> hþdm{MÝVZ h¡. ~méH$ pñnZmoµOm Rationalistic Monism Vm{H©$H$VmdmXr AÛ¡VdmXHo$à‘wI {MÝVH$m|‘| go EH$ hþdo h¢. ~Q´>|S²> agob² AnZo à{gÕ J«ÝW "{dµÁS>‘ Am°’$doñQ>'‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$ pñnZmoµOmH$m Xe©Z nmíMmË` Xe©ZHo$ loð>V‘ ñ‘maH$m|‘|go EH$h¡4 . Bgo pñnZmoµOmgo nyd©H$mbrZ wZmZr {MÝVH$m|-Woëg AZ°ŠµOr‘|Xa AZ°ŠµOr‘mB©Znm‘}ZmB©S²>g² h°amŠbrVg; Bgr Vah, ‘Ü`H$mbrZ AÝ` ^r ’$sbmo, ßbm°{Q>Zg,Om°Z ñH$mQ>g E[aOoZm, ~«yZmo, Vmo‘mgmo H°$ånmZ°bm gÑe AmYw{ZH$ yamo{n` Xme©{ZH$m|H$s‘mÝ`VmAm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ñnï>V`m Bgo XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡.5

H$m ©-H$maU^mdHo$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s YmaUmAm|Ho$ ‘yb‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXrlm¡V àm½YmaUm H$m‘ H$a ahr h¢. Û¡V `m AÛ¡V Ho$ ~mao‘| {H$g gåàXm`H$m Š`mÑ{ï>H$moU h¡ Bg AmYmana VÎmV² gåàXm`m|H$mo nhMmZZoH$s doXmÝVXe©Zm|H$s ê${T>àM{bV hþ`r h¡. AV… doXmÝVHo$ AÝ`mÝ` gåàXm`m|H$s ^m§{V hr dmëb^doXmÝVH$s ^r nhMmZ ""O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV² Am¡a ~«÷ Ho$ ~rM Û¡V h¡ `m AÛ¡Vh¡?'' àíZHo$ g‘mYmZê$n "ewÕmÛ¡V'V`m àM{bV hþ r h¡. `h ‘hmà wHo$ ~hmoV~mX Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ ^r Hw$N> ~mX hr àM{bV hþ r h¡. ñd § ‘hmà wAnZo ‘VH$mo "~«÷dmX' H$hZm n`m©ßV g‘PVo Wo. ‘hmà wHo$ H${Zð>mË‘O Jmoñdm‘rlr{dÆ>bZmW à^wMaU "gmH$ma~«÷dmX' H$hZm. ~mX‘| "ewÕmÛ¡V'Zm‘m{^YmZÛmam dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s nhMmZ A{YH$ ê$‹T> hmo J`r. BgH$m ^r AnZm Hw$N>Am¡{MË` Vmo h¡ hr. AV… H$m ©H$maU^mdHo$ {d‘e©go nhbo Bgo EH$ ~ma ~w{ÕJVH$a boZm Cn wŠV hmoJm. VXZwgma AYmo{Z{X©ï> VwbZmË‘H$ Vm{bH$mHo$ AmYmanaBgo gabVmgo ~w{ÕJV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡:

(1)1"EH$‘odm{ÛVr §'+2"Zoh ZmZmpñV {H$ÄMZ'=emL²H$a doXmÝV nma‘m{W©H$ AÛ¡V+‘m{`H$ Û¡V=Ho$dbmÛ¡V

(2)"EH$‘odm{ÛVr §'+3"`… gd}fw yVofw {Vð>Z²...'=am‘mZwO doXmÝV {d{eï>-AÛ¡V+{deofU-{deoî`-Û¡V={d{eï>mÛ¡V

(3)"EH$‘odm{ÛVr`§'+4"kmkm¡ ÛmOmdremZrem¡'=‘mÜd doXmÝV Am¡nMm[aH$ AÛ¡V+nma‘m{W©H$ Û¡V=Ho$dbÛ¡V

(4)"EH$‘odm{ÛVr §(+)VX¡jV ~hþñ`m§ àOm o '=dmëb^ doXmÝV ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V (‘|) EopÀN>H$ Û¡V=ewÕmÛ¡V (1.N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1, 2.~¥h.Cn.4&4&19, 3.~¥h.Cn.3&7&15,4.ídoVm.Cn.1&9)

211 212

`hm§ gmdYmZV`m AdYmaUr` Hw$N> VÏ` h¢. gd©àW‘ Vmo àË`jmJå` `màË`j{déÕ Eogo AÛ¡VHo$ lm¡V à{VnmXZ‘| àË`j{damoYH$m n[ahma H¡$go H$aZm?EVXW© Û¡VHo$ {dd{jV ñdê$nH$s {Zê${nH$m AÝ`mÝ` KQ>H$ lw{V`m§ `mo{OVH$aZr n‹S>Vr h¢. h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ BÝht KQ>H$ lw{VAm|Ho$ AmYmana VÎmX²doXmÝVm|H$s ‘m¡{bH$ YmaUm | àH$Q> hþ r h¢. dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s, naÝVw, `h‘m¡{bH$ YmaUm {H$ ~«÷Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V‘| OmJ{VH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V,ñd § ~«÷H$s gd© dZgm‘Ï © VWm CgHo$ gË`g§H$ën Ho$ H$maU àH$Q> hþdo h¢,{H$gr AÝ` KQ>H$ dMZH$s Anojm Zht aIVm. ñd § ~«÷mÛ¡VH$s à{Vnm{XH$m Omolw{V h¡ dhr EopÀN>H$ Û¡VHo$ à{VnmXZÛmam àË`j{damoYHo$ n[ahmag{hV ewÕAÛ¡VH$m à{VnmXZ H$aVr h¡. Xygao Bg BÀN>`m àH$Q> hþdo Û¡VH$mo BX{‘ËW§ mdoZn[agr{‘V Z {H$`m Om o Vmo dh Û¡V ‘m{`H$ Û¡V ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, {deofU-{deoî`n ©dgm{` Û¡V ^r, nma‘m{W©H$ Û¡V ^r `m| AÝ` ^r AZoH$ ê$nm|‘| CgoñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. AVEd Cg na‘VÎdHo$ Mma nhbw 1Aja~«÷2na‘mË‘m=AÝV`m©‘r 3^JdmZ²=nwéfmoÎm‘ 4lrH¥$îU H«$‘e… Wm`W 1Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXrlm¡V ‘m§J, 2{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXr lm¡V ‘m§J, 3Ho$dbÛ¡VdmXr lm¡V ‘m§J VWm4ñdH¥$VdaU¡H$bä`VmH$s lm¡V nw{ï>^pŠVH$s ‘m§J H$mo ^r nyU© H$aZodmbo h¢.AVEd Hw$b {‘bm H$a AÝ`mÝ` Xe©Zm|H$s^r ‘m¡{bH$ ‘m§Jm|H$mo nyU© H$aZoHo${b o‘hmà^w

H$hVo h¢:

H$.`h ànÄM Z Vmo àmH¥$V h¡, Z na‘mUwAm|go OÝ`, ‘m{`H$«‘mamonê$n hr, Z OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ nyd©H¥$V H$‘m}Ho$ {Z{‘ÎmdemV²

àH$Q> hþdm hr; Am¡a, Z nhbo AgV² hmoZona ^r ~mX‘| gÐÿnV`màH$Q> hþdm h¡. `h Vmo ^JdmZ²H$m ~Zm`m hþdm h¡. AWm©V²na‘H$mð>mnÝZdñVw na~«÷H$s H¥${Vgo àH$Q> hþdm VXmË‘H$ AWm©V²^JdÐÿn H$m © h¡.

I.Aja~«÷Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢ : EH$ ê$n‘| Vmo dh g~ Hw$N>~Zm hþdm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Xygao ê$n‘| dh g~go {dbjU r. na~«÷‘|OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV Aja~«÷Ho$ ~mao‘| VÎmX² dm{XAm|H$s ~hþ{dYYmaUm | àH$Q> hþ r h¢ {H$ dh ‘m{`H$ Am^mg h¡, {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m

àH¥${VH$s {dH¥${V h¡, AZoH$ na‘mUwAm|Ho$ nañna Ow‹S> OmZogoCËnÝZ hþdm H$m`© h¡, ñdV… `m OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ H$‘m]Ho$ deCËnÝZ-{dZï> hmoVr ahVr EH$ Am{X-AÝVhrZ à{H«$`m h¡,BË`m{X AZoH$ àH$maH$s YmaUm | h¢. lw{VH$m ‘V, naÝVw, `hr h¡{H$ dh na~«÷ hr g~ Hw$N> ~Zm h¡.6.

AVEd lm¡V dMZm|Ho$ AmYma {b o {~Zm {dMmaH$m|Ûmam ñdV… CËào{jV BZàH¥${V na‘mUw ‘m`m AÑï>ê$n H$‘© A^md Am{XHo$ AmË`pÝVH$ {Zamg H$aZo~Om` BZH$s Ho$db A~«÷mpË‘H$s H$maUVmH$m hr {ZagZ dmëb^ doXmÝVH$moA{^àoV h¡. ~«÷Ho$ ~hþYm^dZH$m, `WmlwV, àH$ma dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ` h¡,EVmdVm ~hþ{dY Xe©Zm|Ûmam CËào{jV AÝ`mÝ` VÎdm|H$s AmË`pÝVH$ AñdrH¥${V^r dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo A{^àoV hmoJr hr Eogo Zht ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o. AVEdna~«÷H$s ñdm^m{dH$ gm‘Ï ©Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘m`m O¡go ‘mÝ` h¡, Cgr Vah gpÀMXmZÝXna~«÷Ho$ Y‘© `m Ym‘ ê$nr Aja~«÷7‘| H$mb H$‘© ñd^md àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$AÝVJ©V Z Ho$db H$mb H$‘© Am¡a ñd^md hr A{nVw AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZH$sà{H«$`mde nwéf Am¡a {MXmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZH$s à{H«$`mde àH¥${V ^rgmL²I$çà{H«$`mH$s Vah hr ‘mÝ` h¡8. Bgr Vah ~«÷H$m AUwgo ^r AUwVa `mna‘mUwê$n hmoZm ^r dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ñdrH$m © h¡. g¥{ï>Ho$ Amaå^‘| nyd©H$ënr`mg¥{ï>Ho$ A wŠVeof ~«÷mË‘H$ H$‘© ^r ZyVZ g¥{ï>‘| VÎmÐÿn d¡{dÜ`Ho$ {Z{‘Îm ~ZVoh¢, `h dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ` h¡. Bgr Vah àmJ^mdm{X-MVwï>` ‘mÝ` ZhmoZona ^r g¥{ï>H$mo na‘oídaH$s AmË‘{Z{‘©{V `m H¥${V ‘mZZoHo$ H$maU, H$m ©-H$maU^mdmZwamoYr, g¥pîQ>H$m Am{d^m©d `m {Vamo md ^r ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. oAm{d^m©d-{Vamo md hr VÎmX² X¡{eH$ H$m{bH$ Ed§ ñdê$nmË‘Zm h‘mar n[apÀN>ÝZ^mdm^mdmZw y{V`m|Ho$ {Z{‘Îm ~ZVo h¢, Eogr dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s YmaUm h¡.

EVXW© ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s H$m ©-H$maU^md gå~ÝYr YmaUmAm|Ho$ ‘yb‘|, OmoHw$b Zm¢ lm¡V àm½YmaUm | H$m‘ H$a hr h¢, CZH$m lwË wnÝ`mgnyd©H$ n[aJUZ H$aboZm AË wnH$maH$ hmoZogo VXW© àd¥Îm hmoZm h‘ Mmh|Jo:

213 214

(1)~«÷dmX: lm¡V gÝX^© : (H$)V§ V w Am ¡n{ZfX§ n wéf § n ¥ÀN>m{‘

(~¥h.Cn.3&9&26), (I)~«÷ Vo ~«dm{U (~¥h.Cn.2&1&1), (J)`Vmodm B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo... VX² ~«÷ (V¡{Îm.Cn.3&1)(K)gË § kmZ‘ZÝV§~ «÷ (V ¡ {Îm.Cn.2&1), (L>)qH$pñdX ² dZ § H$ C g d ¥jAmg...?(F$Šg § {h.10&81&4), ~ «÷ dZ § ~ «÷ g d ¥jAmg...(V ¡ {Î m.~ « m÷.2&8&9&17)(M)gd ª Ibw BX § ~ «÷(N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gdª g¥Á`Vo g¥O{V à^w…Ìm`Vo Ìm{V {dídmË‘m {õ`Vo haVrída…, AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gdª ~«÷¡dV{XX§ VWm B{V lwË`W©‘mXm` gmÜ § gd£… `Wm‘{V…, A`‘od ~«÷dmX…{eï>§ ‘mohm` H$pënV‘² (V.Xr.{Z.2&183-184)

(2){déÕY‘m©l`VmdmX:lm¡VgÝX^© : (H$)AUmo… AUr`mZ² ‘hVm o ‘hr`mZ²...

(H$R>mon.1&3&20), (I)`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n‘²...(‘.Zm.Cn.1&5), (J)~¥hÀM VX² {Xì`‘² A{MÝË`ê$n§...XyamV² gwXyaoVX² Bh ApÝVHo$ M...(‘wÊS>.Cn.3&1&7), (J)`{XX§ {H$ÄM VV²g¥ï²>dm VXod AZwàm{deV²... gÀM Ë`ÀM A^dV² {ZéŠVÄMA{ZéŠVÄM {Zb`ZÄM A{Zb`ZÄM {dkmZÄM A{dkmZÄM gË`ÄMAZ¥VÄM gË`‘² A^dV² (V¡{Îm.Cn.3&6), (K)Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no‘yV©ÄM¡d A‘yV©ÄM ‘Ë ©ÄM A‘¥VÄM pñWVÄM `ÀM gÀM Ë`ÀM(N>mÝXmo.Cn.2&3&1), (L>)~«÷ dm BX‘J« AmgrV² VX² AmË‘mZ‘odAdoX "Ah§ ~«÷mpñ‘'. Vñ‘mV² VV² gd©‘² A^dX² (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : Z{h ñd~wÕçm doXmWª n[aH$ëß` VXWª {dMma…H$Vwª eŠ`…. ~«÷ nwZ… `mÑe§ doXmÝVofw AdJV§ VmÑe‘od ‘ÝVì`‘².AUw‘mÌmÝ`WmH$ënZo@{n Xmof… ñ`mV² (~«.gy.^m.1&1&1)

(3)A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZH$maUVmdmX:

lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)`Wm D$U©Zm{^… g¥OVo J¥øVo M Wm n¥{Wì`m‘²AmofY`… gå^dpÝV, `Wm gV… nwéfmV² Ho$ebmo‘m{Z gå^dpÝV VWmAjamV² gå^d{V Bh {díd‘²... (‘wÊS>.Cn.1&1&7-9), (I) gÎdodgm¡å` BX‘J« AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr § VX² EojV ~hþñ`m§ àOm o B{V(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3). (J)VX² AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : OJV… g‘dm{` ñ`mV² VXod M {Z{‘ÎmH§$H$Xm{MX² a‘Vo ñdpñ‘Z² ànÄMo@{n Šd{MV² gwI§, `Ì oZ `Vmo `ñ``ñ‘¡ `X² `X² `Wm `Xm ñ`mX² BX§ ^JdmZ² gmjmV² àYmZnwéfoída…(V.Xr.{Z.1&68-69).

(4)A{dH¥$Vñdê$nn[aUm‘dmX:lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)dmMmaå^U§ "{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo § "‘¥{ÎmH$m' BË od

gË`‘² (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&1&4), (I)gd© Ibw BX§ ~«÷ "VÁObmZ²' B{VemÝV… CnmgrV (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : ""VX² AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV'' B{V ñdñ ¡dH$‘©H$V©¥ mdmV²... VWm{n kmZmW©‘² Cnn{Îm‘² Amh "n[aUm‘mX²' B{V,n[aU‘Vo H$m`m©H$maoUo{V A{dH¥$V‘od gwdUª, gdm©{U M V¡Ogm{Z.d¥ÕoíM Abm¡{H$H$ËdmX² ~«÷H$maUËdEd KQ>Vo. nyd©ñ` AÝ`Wm^mdñVwH$m ©lwË`ZwamoYmX² A“rH$V©ì`…. dú`{VM ""lwVoñVw eãX‘ybËdmX²''B{V (~«.gy.^m.1&4&26).

(5)gËH$maUVmdmX:lm¡VgÝX^© : (H$)gÝ‘yb‘² ApÝdÀN> gÝ‘ybm… gm¡å` B‘m…

àOm… gXm`VZm… gËà{Vð>m… (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&4).ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : A`§ ànÄMmo... Zm{n AgV… gÎmmê$n…

(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&23).

(6)gËH$m ©dmX:

215 216

lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)gXod gm¡å` BX‘² AJ« AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr §.H$W‘² AgV… gX² Om oV? (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-2).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : ""AgX² dm BX‘² AJ« AmgrX²'' B{V lwË`màmJ² CËnÎmo… H$m`©ñ` AgÎd§ ~moÜ`Vo B{V MoV²,Z, Aì`mH¥$VËdoZY‘m©ÝVaoU VWm ì`nXoe…. Hw$Vmo? dmŠ`eofmV², ""VX² AmË‘mZ‘odñd`‘² AHw$éV'' B{V ñdñ ¡d {H«$`‘mUËdmV², "AmgrV²'nXà`moJmV²M(~«.gy.^m.2&1&17).

(7)H$m`©-H$maUVmXmËå`dmX VWm A§em§{eVmXmËå`dmX:lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)Ì § dm BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©... ~«÷ EV{Õ

gdm©{U Zm‘m{Z {~^{V©... ~«÷ EV{Õ gdm©{U ê$nm{U {~^{V©... ~«÷EV{Õ gdm©{U H$‘m©{U {~^{V©. VXoVV² Ì § gX² EH$‘² A`‘² AmË‘m.AmË‘mo EH$… gZ² EVV² Ì`‘² (~¥h.Cn.1&6&3) (I)g ` EfmoA{U‘m EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gd©‘². VV² gË`‘². g AmË‘m. VV² Ëd‘² A{g(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&9&4).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : {Û{dYm {h doXmÝVo g¥{ï>… : yV^m¡{VH§$ gd©~«÷UEd {dñ’w${b“Ý`m`oZ EH$m. Anam {d`Xm{XH«$‘oU, gmMAZm‘ê$nmË‘Z… Zm‘ê$nËdoZ A{^ì`pŠV…, gm OS>ñ ¡d H$m ©ËdmV².Vñ` Ordñ`Vw A§eËdoZ¡d Z Zm‘ê$ngå~ÝY…. A{ZË o(OSo>) OZZ§{ZË`o n[apÀN>ÝZo (OrdmË‘{Z) g‘mJ‘…, {ZË`mn[apÀN>ÝZVZm¡(^JdËñdê$no) àmH$Q²>ç§ Mo{V gm(g¥{ï>…) {ÌYm (~«.gy.^m.2&3&1),`Xm AIÊS>mÛ¡V^mZ§ gwdU©J«mhH$dV² VÎdoZ¡d gdª J¥ôUm{V VXmAdmÝVa{dH$ën{df{`Ur ~w{Õ… "KQ>…'-"nQ>…' B{V gm ~mÜ`Vo, gd©Ì~«÷¡do{V. ZVw ñdê$nVmo@{n KQ>nQ>m{XnXmWm}@{n Y‘u ~mÜ`Vo B{VAW©…(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&91).

(8)Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^mddmX:

lm¡VgÝX^© : (H$)VÕoX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV² VV²Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`V ""Agm¡ Zm‘m`‘²-BX§ ê$n‘²'' B{V(~¥h.Cn.1&4&7).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdm¡ eŠVr d¡ ‘wad¡[aU…...gdm©H$mañdê$noU ^{dî`m‘r{V `m hao… drjm `Wm `Vmo oZ VWmàmXw ©dË`O…, ‘¥Xm{X JdÐÿn§ KQ>mÚmH$mag§ wV§ ‘yboÀN>mVñVWm Vpñ‘Z²àmXw^m©dm o haoñVWm, {Vam o^mdñVW¡d ñ`mX² ê$nmÝVa{d^oXV…(V.Xr.{Z.2&141-142).

(9)brbmW©g¥{ï>dmX:lm¡VgÝX © : (H$)g d¡ Z¡d ao‘o Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g

{ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ² Amg. `Wm ñÌrnw‘m§gm¡ gån[aîdŠVm¡g B‘‘od AmË‘mZ§ ÛoYmnmV`V². VV… n{VíM nËZr M A^dVm‘²(~¥h.Cn.1&4&3).

ewÕmÛ¡{V{ZîH$f© : "bmoH$dV² brbm', Z{h brbm`m§ {H$pÄMV²à`moOZ‘² ApñV, brbm`mEd à`moOZËdmV², B©ídaËdmXod Z brbmn ©Zw moŠVw§ eŠ`m, gm "brbm'. "H¡$dë §' ‘moj…, Vñ` brbmËdo@{nAÝ`ñ` VËH$sV©Zo ‘moj… B{V AW©…. brb¡d Ho$dbm B{V dm(~«.gy.^m.2&1&33), Z‘mo ^JdVo Vñ‘¡ H¥$îUm`mX²^wVH$‘©Uoê$nZm‘{d oXoZ OJV² H«$sS>{V `mo `V… (V.Xr.{Z.1&1).

Bg à{H«$`mZdH$‘| àË oH$ nyd©nyd©H$mo{Q> CnZ`mon‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm CÎmamoÎmaH$mo{Q>{ZJ‘Zmon‘. Bg gÝX ©‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$ `Ú{n ~méH$ pñnZmoµOmH$m ‘V {H$gremñÌ, Zm‘e… ~m`~b, na Adbpå~V Z hmoZona ^r CgHo$ eãXm|H$m àm‘mÊ`pñnZmoµOmH$mo ‘mÝ` h¡ hr. Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV eãXàm‘mÊ`dmX Am¡a VXZwgmaremñÌr` dMZm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZHo$ Amdí`H$ {Z`‘ Am¡a ar{V H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbo"{W`mobm°{OH$mo-nm°{b{Q>H$b Q´>r{Q>µO' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| Bg {df`H$s Jå^ra VWmgw{deX ‘r‘m§gm CÝhm|Zo H$s h¡. Bg J«ÝWH$s y{‘H$m‘| ñd § J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢:

217 218

AnZr Bg emñÌ‘r‘m§gm‘| ‘wPo Eogm Hw$N> ^r ~m`~b‘|{‘bm Zht {H$ h‘mar g‘PHo$ gmW {OgH$m ‘ob Z ImVm hmo `mOmo Cggo {déÕ OmVm hmo, Am¡a O¡gm{H$ ‘¢Zo XoIm {H$^JdËào[aVmË‘m boIH$m|Zo Eogm H$moB© ^r CnXoe Zht {X`m h¡ {H$Omo gabVmgo g^rHo$ g‘P‘| Z nm o, gmW hr gmW CÝhm|Zo AnZoCnXoeH$mo Eogr e¡brH$m ~mZm ^r nhZm`m h¡ {H$ do VH©$g§JVbJZoHo$ gmW-gmW OZ‘mZgH$mo na‘oídaH$s pŠVHo${b o ào[aVH$a nmVo h¢. EVmdVm ‘¢ nyU©V`m AmídñV hÿ§ {H$ ~m`~b h‘marVm{H©$H$ ~w{ÕH$mo gd©Wm AnamYrZ hr aIZm MmhVr h¡. AV…~m`~bH$s Xe©ZemñÌHo$ gmW Z Vmo H$moB© g‘mZVm hmo gH$Vr h¡Am¡a Z ~m`~bemñÌr` gmjmËH$mam| Am¡a Xe©ZemñÌr` YmaUmAm|Ho$ AmYma hr H$^r g‘mZ hmo gH$Vo h¢.9.

emñÌì`m»`mVmAm|Ho$ à oX Hw$N> Bg àH$maHo$ àm`… Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVoh¢:

(1)ì`m»`o`emñÌàm‘mÊ`dmXrH$.`Wmon{Xï>J«mhr I.`Wmon{Xï>mJ«mhrI-1.VH$m©{lVlÕmdmXrI-2.lÕm{lVVH©$dmXr

(2)ì`m»`o`emñÌmàm‘mÊ`dmXr

Bg dJuH$aUHo$ AZwgma `{X ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$mo (1)/H$ dJm©ÝV y©V‘mZ| Vmo ~méH$ pñnZmoµOmH$mo (1)/I-1 dJm©ÝV y©V ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡.

~méH$ pñnZmoµOmHo$ CpëbpIV J«ÝWHo$ gmam§eV`m emñÌr` ì`m»`mH$mam|Ho$g‘j {dMmaUr` à‘wI g‘ñ`m Bg VahH$s CnpñWV hmoVr h¢:

1.{OZHo$ {Xì` gmjmËH$ma‘ybH$ dMZm|H$mo à‘mUV`m ‘mÝ` {H$`mOmVm h¡ CZ ‘ÝÌÑï>mAm|Ho$ F${fËd `m VÎdXeuAm|Ho$ AmßVËd Ho$ {ZH$fŠ`m? Š`m d¡gm F${fËd `m AmßVËd CÝht‘| hr Ho$db gå^d h¡ AÝ`^r CZHo$ AZwJm‘r `m AZZwJm{‘Am|‘| ^r dh gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡?

2.CZHo$ àË oH$ dMZ; AWdm, H¡$go Am¡a H$m¡Zgo dMZ emñÌV`m‘mÝ` aIZo Mm{h o Am¡a H¡$go `m H$m¡Zgo dMZ Zht?

3.CZHo$ ñd §Ho$ hr {Zê$nU `m CnXoe ‘| hr O~ H$^r nañna{dg§dmX àVrV hmoVm hmo Vmo-

H$.g‘J« emñÌHo$ VmËn ©{df`r yV AW©Ho$ AZwamoYdeàH$aUm| dmŠ`m| Ed§ nXm| Ho$ VmËn ©{df`r yV AWm|©H$m {ZYm©aUH$aZm Mm{h o `m nXm| dmŠ`m| Am¡a àH$aUm| Ho$ AZwamoYde g‘J«emñÌHo$ VmËn ©{df`r yV AW©H$s CÅ>§H$Zm H$aZr Mm{h o?

I.nXm|Ho$ A{^{hVmWm]Ho$ AZwamoYde dmŠ`mW©{ZYm©aUH$aZm Mm{h o `m dmŠ`mWm©ZwamoYde nXm|Ho$ A{^{hV `m Jm¡UAWm]H$mo VmËn ©{df`r yV ‘mZZm Mm{h o?

J.Ohm§ EH$ hr nXHo$ AZoH$ AW© à{gÕ hm| dhm§ {H$grdmŠ`{deof‘| à wŠV H$moB© nX {H$g AW©{deofH$m dmMH$ h¡ `hH¡$go {ZYm©[aV H$aZm?

K.Añnï>mW©H$ nXm|Ho$ VmËn ©{df`r yV AWm]H$m {ZYm©aUH¡$go H$aZm?

L>.{OZ nXm|Ho$ AW© hr Aà{gÕ hmo J o hm| CZHo$ ahVodmŠ`mW©{ZYm©aU H¡$go H$aZm?

4.àË`j `m VH©$ go ~m{YV AW©H$m H$ht {Zê$nU{‘bVm hmo Vmo dhm§ àm‘mÊ`{Zdm©h H¡$go H$aZm?

Bg VahHo$ AZoH$mZoH$ ‘wÔm|H$s gw{deX ‘r‘m§gm pñnZmoµOmHo$ CpëbpIVJ«ÝW‘| H$s J`r h¡. BgH$m àmMrZ ^maVr` ì`m»`memñÌ `m dmëb^ doXmÝV Ho$gmW VwbZmË‘H$ AÜ``Z EH$ ñdVÝÌ J«ÝWH$bodaH$s Anojm aIVm h¡. BgbKwH$m` {Z~ÝYHo${b o Cg {dñVma‘| Vmo àdoe AeŠ` hr h¡.

219 220

1.{’$a^r àW‘ ‘wÔoHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà w Am¡a CZHo$ AZwJm‘r àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maJmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or Ho$ {dMmam|Ho$ AmYmana Hw$N> {ZîH$f© `m| {ZH$mbo OmgH$Vo h¢. `Wm-

H$.àË`jmZw{‘{Vê$n bm¡{H$H$ à‘mUm|Ho$ bm¡{H$H$ì`dhmamon`moJrñdV…àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AmYmana {ZJ‘ZmpË‘H$m wpŠVH$m Adbå~Z H$alw{VH$m BVaà‘mU{ZanojV`m ñdV…àm‘mÊ` dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ñdrH$m ©h¡.

I.lw{VVmËn`©H$s {d{d{XfmXem‘| lwË`{déÕV`m Ed§lwË`W©gÝXohdmaH$V`m ^JdX²JrVm ~«÷gyÌ ^mJdVnwamU H$m ^r d¡gmhr àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$m © h¡.

J.lwË`W©Ho$ {Z…gpÝX½YV`m {ZYm©[aV hmo OmZona gH$b doXm{damoYremñÌm|H$m àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$m © h¡.

K.BZ emñÌr` à‘mUm|Ho$ à‘o Ho$ gmjmËH$maHo$ ~mX {dÛÔem‘|bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$ eãX‘mÌH$m àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$m ©h¡.10

BgHo$ {dnarV `Ú{n pñnZmoµOmHo$ AZwgma kmZHo$ à oX `m| ñdrH$mao J oh¢:1Eo{Vh²`‘ybH$ ~moY, 2AZmbmo{MVmZw^y{V‘ybH$ ~moY, 3Vm{H©$H$mbmoMZ‘ybH$~moY VWm 4AÝV…ñ’y$V© VÎd~moY.11 BZ à^oXm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V V¥Vr` Ed§ MVwW©àH$maHo$ ~moYm|go A{déÕ emñÌdMZm|H$m do ‘w»` àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maVo h¢ AÝ`WmJm¡Uàm‘mÊ`. {’$a^r emñÌì`m»`mZar{VH$m {Zê$nU H$aVo g‘` do `h ^rgwñnï>V`m ñdrH$maVo h¢-

h‘| Bg ~mVH$s {deof gmdYmZr aIZr Mm{h o {H$ {H$gremñÌdMZHo$ A{^àm`H$s ‘r‘m§gm H$aVo g‘` h‘| AnZoñdm^m{dH$ ~moYH$s YmaUmna AmY¥V VH$m]Ho$ Pm|Ho$‘| Zht qIMOm | (nydm©J«hH$m Vmo àíZ hr Zht CR>Vm) {H$ Bg VahHo$ ~moYbãYVÏ`m|go h‘ emñÌdMZHo$ A{^àm`H$mo Omo‹S>Zo bJ Om |, dh Vmo

emñÌr` eãXm|Ho$ ‘w»`mW©Ho$ {d‘e©Ûmam hr Am¡a emñÌoVa AÝ`{H$gr ^r AmYmana AZdbpå~V VH©$Ûmam hr CÅ>§{H$V H$aZmMm{h o. h‘ emñÌdMZHo$ AW©H$mo AnZo VH©$ `m AnZr nyd©J¥hrVYmaUm Ho$ AmXoemZwgma AZwHy$b ~ZmZoH$mo Vmo‹S>‘amo‹S> Zht gH$Vo.~m`~bH$m gånyU© ~moY h‘| ~m`~bHo$ hr AmYmana CÅ>§{H$VH$aZm Mm{h`o12.

CpëbpIV 1-4 hr ‘wÔm|Ho$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV (VwbZr`:nydm}XmöV~«.gy.^m.1&1&1-1&1&3) Am¡a pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘V H$s VwbZmË‘H$ {ddoMZm AVrdA^rï> hmoZona ^r Bgo `ht Cng§öV H$a H$m ©-H$maU^mdH$s ‘r‘m§gmW© AJ«gahmoZm Amdí`H$ hmoZogo Cgr {Xem‘| A~ AmJo ~‹T>Zm Cn wŠV hmoJm.

(1)~«÷dmXgå~ÝYr YmaUmH$s VwbZm: Am¡n{ZfX ~«÷H$m ñdê$n ""EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1),

""gË § kmZ‘ZÝV§ ~«÷'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) VWm ""g AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7) Am{X dMZm |‘ | gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV^oXa{hVgpÀMXmZÝX(=gV²+{MV²+AmZÝX) ê$n VWm Bg O‹S>OrdmpË‘H$m g¥pîQ>Ho$ EH$‘mÌCnmXmZ Am¡a H$Vm© Ho$ Ho$ ê$n‘| à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡. EH$ hr VÎd na~«÷ËdoZOJËH$V©¥V`m nwéf{dY ^r h¡ Am¡a dhr Aja~«÷ËdoZ OJXwnmXmZV`m Anwéf{dY^r hmoVm h¡. `h Aja~«÷ ^r ""nyU©‘X… nyU©{‘X§ nyUm©V² nyU©‘wXÀ`Vo nyU©ñ`nyU©‘² AmXm` nyU©‘odmd{eî`Vo'' (B©em.Cn.1) dMZHo$ AZwgma {dídmË‘H$^r h¡ Am¡a {dídmVrV r. Eogm ñdrH$maZo‘| CnpñWV hmoVr Vm{H©$H$ AZwnn{Îm`m|Ho${ZamH$aUmW© {H$gr Vm{H©$H$ àË wnn{ÎmH$s AZmdí`H$Vm ^r ñd § ‘hmà w `m|àH$Q> H$aVo h¢:

~«÷ ì`mnH$ hmoZona ^r àmXoe‘mÌ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡aBg‘| {H$gr VahH$m {damoYm^mg ^r Zht gmoMZm Mm{h o Š`m|{H$~«÷{Zê$nU‘| emñÌà‘mUH$m AZwgaU H$aZm Mm{h`o Z{H$`wpŠVH$m... `wpŠVJå`m Vmo A~«÷{dÚm hmoVr h¡. {’$a^r{damoYm^mgHo$ Cne‘ZmW© H$moB© doXmZwgm[aUr `wpŠV Vmo XoZr

221 222

Mm{h`o, dmŠ`mW©‘r‘m§gmW© àd¥Îm hþdo hmoZogo. Bg AnojmHo$g‘mYmZV`m ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ {H$ gd©àW‘ Vmo {damoYm^mggmoMZm hr Zht Mm{h`o, emñÌr` à‘o`Ho$ dñVwñd^mdHo${dMmamZwamoYde... Š`m|{H$ gd©Ì ñd^md Am¡a à{‘{V go ~‹T>H$a H$moB© Cnn{Îm hmo hr Zht gH$Vr h¡.''13

Bg dMZHo$ {d‘e© H$aZona ‘hmà^wHo${b`o ì`m»`o` emñÌ‘| VH$m©VrVC^`{dYVm CnbãY h¡. pñnZmoµOmHo$ {b o, naÝVw, à‘mUV`m ì`m» o m|‘| Z Vmo~m`~b‘|, Z Vm{H©$H$mbmoMZ‘ybH$ ~moY‘| Am¡a Z AÝV…ñ’y$V©~moY‘ybH$ VH$m]‘|hr Eogr C^`{dYVmH$s CnbpãY eŠ` hmoZogo pñnZmoµOmHo$ Jm°S> H$mo ~«÷Vwë`‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ `m Zht?

Eogr {d{M{H$Ëgm Vmo ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ naÝVw BgHo$ àmW{‘H$ g‘mYmZV`m `hH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|go na~«÷ `m nwéfmoÎm‘ H$mo {ZH$mb {X`mOm` Vmo dh gd©Wm pñnZmoµOmH$m Jm°S> hr ~Z Om oJm; Am¡a, pñnZmoµOmHo$ Jm°S> ‘|Am¡n{Zf{XH$ nwéf{dY ~«÷H$mo {‘bm {X`m Om o Vmo dh dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V~«÷ ~Z Om oJm. {’$a^r Wmo‹S>r Am¡a Jå^raVmHo$ gmW BZ XmoZm| ‘Vm|H$mo A{^‘V‘ybVÎdH$s VwbZm H$aZr Mm{h o. ñd § pñnZmoµOmH$mo Omo Jm°S> H$m ñdê$n A{^‘Vh¡ Cgo do Bg Vah àñVwV H$aVo h¢-

H$."Jm°S>' nXgo Eogm gË` `m VÎd A{^àoV h¡ Omo gd©WmAn[apÀN>ÝZ hmo, AWm©V² Eogm nXmW© {H$ {Og‘| An[apÀN>ÝZJwUY‘© hm|; Am¡a CZ‘|Ho$ àË oH$ JwUY‘© CgHo$ ‘ybñdê$nH$sH$mbmVrV {ZË`Vm Am¡a An[apÀN>ÝZ VÎdVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo hm|.

I.AV… `h gwñnîQ>V`m {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| "Jm°S>'EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎd hr hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a dh Eogm Ðì` h¡ {H$ dhgd©Wm An[apÀN>ÝZ h¡.

Bggo nwZ… `h ^r {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ O‹S> Am¡a MoVZmA§J«oµOr‘| (extension and thought‹) m Vmo CgHo$ JwUY‘© h¢ m JwUY‘©Ho$H$m © h¢.

J.Omo ^r Hw$N> hmoVm h¡ dh "Jm°S>' ‘| hr hmoVm h¡; Am¡a,{~Zm "Jm°S>' Ho$ Z Vmo Hw$N> hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z gmoMm hr OmgH$Vm h¡.14.

BZ n[a^mfm {ZîH$f© Am¡a à{Vkm H$s VwbZm ‘hmà wH$mo A{^‘V ~«÷Ho$An[apÀN>ÝZ gm‘Ï ©H$s n[a^mfm ""H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘² AÝ`Wm H$Vwª g‘W© hmoZo''goH$aZona, Jm°S> H$Vwª An[apÀN>ÝZ gm‘Ï ©dmZ² hmoZona ^r AH$Vwª `m AÝ`WmH$Vwªg‘W© Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ pñnZmoµOmHo$ AZwgma, ñd § CZHo$ hr eãXm|‘|-

H$.Jm°S> Zo {OZ dñVwAm|H$mo {Og {H$gr ê$n‘| àH$Q> {H$`mCggo AÝ`Wm àH$mago `m AÝ`Wm H«$‘go do àH$Q> hmo hr ZhtgH$Vr Wr. I.{Q>ßnUr-.Hw$N> bmoJ na‘oídaHo$ XohdmZ² ‘ZmodmZ²VWm ‘ZAmdoJdmZ² hmoZoH$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo h¢. Eogo bmoJ VÏ`go{H$VZr Xya ^Q>H$ J o h¢, `h nyd©{Zê$nUHo$ AmYmana g‘PmgH$Vm h¡.15

dh Anwéf{dY h¡. {’$a^r Ðì`JV An[apÀN>ÝZ Ag§»` gm‘Ï ©Ho$ de hrVX²JwUY‘©ê$nm `m JwUY‘©n[aUm‘ê$nm `h n[apÀN>ÝZ Xoe-H$mb-dñVwê$nm `hO‹S>OrdmpË‘H$m g¥pîQ> O~ àH$Q> hþ r h¡, Vmo n[apÀN>ÝZVm Am¡a An[apÀN>ÝZVmê$nr XmoZm| {déÕ Y‘m]H$m Aml` Vmo Cgo ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm. {’$a nañna{déÕnwéf{dY Am¡a Anwéf{dY C^`{dYV`m Cgo ñdrH$maZo‘| pñnZmoµOmH$mo AÝV…ñ’y$V©VÎd~moYm{lV VH©$go {déÕ Š`m| bJVm Wm AñVw.

(2){déÕY‘m©l`VmdmXgå~ÝYr VwbZm: ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| AZoH$ àH$ma gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢ `Wm:1{ZJ©wU-

{ZamH$ma 2gJwU-{ZamH$ma 3gJwU-gmH$ma 4{ZJw©U-gmH$ma. ~m`~bHo$ nyd©IÊS>‘|

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gJwU-{ZamH$maH$s YmaUm à~b Wr naÝVw CÎmaIÊS>‘|, amo‘Z Ho$Wmo{bH$ XodemñÌH$sàd¥{Îm Cgo gJwU-gmH$maV`m {Zê${nV H$aVr gr àVrV hmoVr h¡.

dmëb^ d oXmÝV‘ | ""C^`ì`nXoemÎd{hHw$ÊS>bdV²''(~«.gy.3&2&27)Ý`m`go Am¡n{ZfX² ~«÷H$mo nwéf{dY Am¡a Anwéf{dY `m|C^`{dYV`m ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡:

~«÷ gpÀMXmZÝXê$n, ì`mnH$, Aì``, gd©epŠV,ñdVÝÌ, gd©k, àmH¥$V JwUm|go AnZo ‘ybê$n‘| d{O©V, gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV-Û¡Vd{O©V, gË`m{X ghòm| ghO JwUm|go gXm^anya, dñVw‘mÌH$m AmYma, ‘m`mH$mo de‘| aIZodmbm, CÎm‘AmZÝXmH$ma, àmnpÄMH$ g^r nXmWm]go {dbjU, OJV²H$mg‘dm`r AWm©V² CnmXmZ H$maU ^r Am¡a {Z{‘Îm H$maU ^r dhrhmoVm h¡. dh ñd §Ho$ gwIgo H$^r AmË‘a‘U H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$^rAmË‘{Z{‘©V ànÄM‘| ^r.16

h‘ XoI J o {H$ Bg ‘hmà wàXÎm ~«÷{Zê$nU‘| Omo ^r nwéf{dYVm àH$Q>H$aZodmbo JwUY‘© h¢ do pñnZmoµOmH$mo ‘mÝ` Zht hm|Jo naÝVw Ad{eï> JwUY‘m}H$mopñnZmoµOm ^r nyU©öX`go ñdrH$ma H$aZm Mmh|Jo.

(3)A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZH$maUVmdmXgå~ÝYr VwbZm: Jm°S> H$mo A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZV`m ‘mÝ`Vm ñd`§ pñnZmoµOmHo$ {dYmZm|Ho$

AmYmana ^r g‘P‘| Am OmVr h¡:

H$.Jm°S> Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` H$moB© ^r nXmW© Z Vmo hmo gH$Vm h¡Am¡a Z gmoMm hr Om gH$Vm h¡. I.Jm°S> EH$‘od A{ÛVr` hmoVmh¡, Š`m|{H$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| Ðì` EH$m{YH$ Zht hmo gH$Vo h¢, Š`m|{H$OJËH$maUV`m A{^‘V Omo ^r Ðì` hmoJm CgH$m gd©Wm(XoeV…H$mbV… Am ¡a ñdê$nV…àñVwV AZwdmXH$Ûmam `m o{OV)

An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZm A{Zdm © h¡.J.Bggo `h ^r {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$O‹S> Am¡a MoVZm `m Vmo Jm°S> Ho$ JwUY‘© hmoVo h¢ `m JwUY‘©Ho$ H$m ©.K.AVEd `h ^r {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~w{ÕJå` Omo Hw$N>ApñVËddmZ² dñVw h¢ CZH$m {Z{‘Îm H$maU ^r Jm°S> hr h¡. L>.Jm°S>AnZo ñd^mdHo$ hr AZwamoYde {H$gr {H«$`mH$mo H$aVm h¡, ñdoVa{H$gr ^r dñVwHo$ Ûmam {Z`pÝÌV `m ~m{YV hmo H$a Zht,M.Š`m|{H$ Cggo n¥WH²$ `m ~mh² Eogr {H$gr dñVwH$m ApñVËdhr gå^d Zht, Omo CgHo$ H$V©¥ËdH$s Cnm{Y `m {Z`m‘H$ ~Znm o. AV… Omo Hw$N> H$aVm h¡ dh AnZo ñd^mdHo$ AZwamoYdehr. N>.AV… `h {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ Jm°S> Ho$ ñd^mdgo {^ÝZEogo {H$gr ñdoVa Amä`ÝVa `m ~mh² H$maUH$m ApñVËd hr Zhth¡, Omo Cgo {H$gr H$‘©H$mo H$aZoHo${b o ào[aV H$a nm o. O.Jm°S>H$s H$m ©OZZmHy$b H¥${Vj‘Vm H$m ©dñVwAm|H$mo Ho$db ApñVËdàXmZH$s hr j‘Vm Zht A{nVw H$m`©dñVwH$m o CgHo$VmpÎdH$ñdê$nH$mo àXmZ H$aZoH$s ^r j‘Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `{X EogmZht ñdrH$mam OmVm Vmo CËnÝZ H$m`m]H$m VmpÎdH$ ñdê$n Jm°S> Ho$VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nHo$ {~Zm r {gÕ hmoZo bJoJm V~ Vmo Ðì`Û¡Vmn{ÎmCR> I‹S>r hmoJr17.

àñWmZaËZmH$a‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V CnmXmZ H$maUHo$ à oX Ed§ CZH$sn[a^mfm Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo Bg Vah {XIbm`r h¡:

H$maUHo$ Xmo à^oX hmoVo h¢:g‘dm`r Am¡a {Z{‘Îm. Ohm§g‘dm`gå~ÝYgo H$m © CËnÝZ hmoVm hmo Cgo "g‘dm`r H$maU'H$hm OmVm h¡. "g‘dm`' Am¡a "VmXmËå`' nañna n`m© dmMrnX h¢. CnmXmZ Xmo àH$maHo$ hmoVo h¢:H$.n[aUmå`wnmXmZH$m.{ddVm}nmXmZ. ñdg‘mZgÎmmH$ H$m`m©H$maoU Omo Am{d^y©VhmoVm hmo Cgo n[aUmå`wnmXmZ g‘PZm Mm{h`o. Š`m|{H$CnmXmZg‘gÎmmH$ AÝ`Wm^md n[aUm‘ hm oVm h ¡. `hAÝ`Wm^md r nwZ… Xmo Vahgo gå^d h¡:H$/1.A{dH¥$VV`m Am¡a

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H$/2.{dH¥$VV`m. àW‘Ho$ CXmhaU gwdU©{Z{‘©V Am yfU h¢.{ÛVr`Ho$ CXmhaU ‘¥{ÎmH$mgo ~Zo KQ>-Am{X hmoVo h¢. CnmXmZgo{df‘gÎmmH$ AÝ`Wm^md "{ddV©' H$hbmVm h¡, CXmhaUV`mewpŠVàË`j hmoZona ~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$m ewŠË`mH$mamË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoZoHo$~Om` aOVmH$maoU n[aUV hmo OmZm. g‘dm{`H$maUgo {^ÝZOmo ^r H$maU hm| do {Z{‘ÎmH$maU hmoVo h¢. CXmhaUV`m K‹S>oH$mo~ZmZodmbm Hw$åhma Am¡a X§S>m MŠH$m Am{X.18

Bg à{VnmXZHo$ gmW VwbZm H$aZona `h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ pñnZmoµOm Jm°S>H$mo Z Ho$db n[aUmå wnmXmZ H$maU A{nVw {Z{‘Îm H$maU ^r ñdrH$maVo h¢.

`h Vmo ^maVr` Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg{dXm|H$m o AZdJV Zht h¡ {H$A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmdmX Bg Xoe‘| AZoH$ àH$ma oXm|go àñVwV hmoVm ahmh¡. CZ‘|go H$m¡Zgo àH$maH$m A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVmdmX pñnZmoµOmH$mo A{^àoVhmoJm BgHo$ {ZYm©aUmW© CZ àH$ma oXm|na EH$ gagar {ZJmh ’o$a boZm AÀN>r ~mVhmoJr.

gd©àW‘ Vmo ñd § emL²H$a Xe©ZHo$ hr "{gÕmÝVboeg§J«h' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘|EVX²{df`H$ Xg-½`mah EH$Xo{e‘V g§H${bV {H$ o J o h¢.

H$moB© H$hVm h¡ {H$ ewÕ~«÷ CnmXmZ ~ZVm h¡ Vmo AÝ`Ho$ AZwgma ‘m`mon{hV.Hw$N> EH$Xoer ewÕ~«÷Ho$ ~Om` B©ídam{lV ‘m`mH$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZZodmbo {d`Xm{XnmÄM^m¡{VH$ OJV²H$m B©ídaH$mo {ddVm}nmXmZ Am¡a B©ídam{lV‘m`mH$moAÝV…H$aUm{XH$m n[aUmå wnmXmZ ‘mZVo h¢. BZHo$ nwZ… EH$Xoer Ordm{lV A{dÚmH$mn[aUm‘ AÝV…H$aUm{XH$mo ñdrH$maVo h¢. Hw$N> AÝ` AÝV…H$aUm{XH$m CnmXmZOrdH$mo hr ‘mZVo h¢. Xygao Hw$N> g‘J« ì`mdhm[aH$ ànÄMH$m CnmXmZ ~«÷H$moVWm àm{V^m{gH$ nXmWm]H$m CnmXmZ OrdH$mo ‘mZVo h¢. AÝ` {dMmaH$m|H$mH$hZm h¡ {H$ B©ídaHo$ g{hV g‘J« Û¡VànÄMH$m CnmXmZ Ord hr hmoVm h¡.ewÕ~«÷ ñd § Vmo H$m ©H$maU^mdmVrV hmoZogo CnmXmZ hmo Zht nmVm naÝVw ‘m`mHo$

gmW {‘b H$a CnmXmZ ~Z nmVm h¡. AÝ` {dMmaH$m|H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ~«÷CnmXmZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ‘m`m ÛmaH$maU ~ZVr h¡. Ordm{lV A{dÚm{df`r yV ~«÷OJV²H$m CnmXmZ ~ZVm h¡ Eogm lrdmMñn{V {‘lH$m A{^àm` h¡.19

Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|Ho$ BZ g^r àH$mam|‘| {‘Ï`mànÄMHo$ CnmXmZ H$maU {‘Ï`mhr ‘mZo J`m h¢-Mmho dh ‘m`m hmo, `m A{dÚm, `m ‘m`mon{hV~«÷, `mA{dÚmon{hV OrdM¡VÝ` `m ‘m{`H$ na‘oída=e~b~«÷-AWm©V² `o g^rAnma‘m{W©H$ hr hmoVo h¢. AV… Eogr {H$gr ^r YmaUmgo pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘VH$s g§J{VVmo H$Xm{n ~¡R> Zht nm oJr. {H$Ýht Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr EH$Xo{eAm|Ho$ ‘V‘| {X nma‘m{W©H$~«÷H$mo CnmXmZV`m ñdrH$mam ^r J`m h¡ Vmo dh {ddVm}nmXmZV`m hr.

O¡go pñnZmoµOm O‹S>-MoVZmpË‘H$m g¥{ï>H$mo Jm°S> Ho$ JwUY‘m]H$m n[aUm‘‘mZVm h¡, d¡go hr lr^mñH$amMm © ^r Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU AnZm H$aOJV²H$mo ~«÷H$s epŠVH$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZVo h¢; VWm, epŠV‘mZ² Am¡a epŠV Ho$~rM ñdm^m{dH$ oXm oX ñdrH$maVo h¢. gå^d h¡ {H$ lr^mñH$amMm ©H$m A{^àm`epŠV Am¡a epŠV‘mZ² Ho$ ~rM ñdm^m{dH$ oXm oX naÝVw epŠVn[aUm‘ê$nOJV² Am¡a epŠV‘mZ² ~«÷ Ho$ ~rM Am¡nm{YH$ oXm oX H$mo ‘mÝ` H$aZo‘| ahmhmoJm. lr^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ AZwgma Ap½Z Am¡a CgH$s Xm{hH$m àH$m{eH$m Am{XAZoH$ epŠVAm|H$m Ap½ZHo$ gmW Z Vmo AmË`pÝVH$ ^oX hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ZAmË`pÝVH$ A oX hr. do H$hVo h¢:""AàÀ wVñd^mdñ` epŠV{djonbjU…n[aUm‘m o `Wm VÝVwZm^ñ` nQ>VÝVwdX²''20 `h ^mñH$adMZA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmdmXH$s Jdmhr Vmo Adí` XoVm h¡. {’$a^r pñnZmoµOmHo$‘VHo$ gmW BgH$m Vmb‘ob ~¡R>Vm Zht bJVm. Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ AZwgma ""Jm°S>Ho$ ñd^mdgo {^ÝZ {H$gr ñdoVa Amä`ÝVa `m ~mh² H$maUH$m ApñVËd hrZht h¡, Omo Cgo {H$gr H$‘©H$mo H$aZoHo${b o ào[aV H$a nm o'' Bg nydm}Õ¥VpñnZmoµOmHo$ A{^àm`Ho$ {d‘e© H$aZona, {deofV`m VmXmËå`ê$n A oXHo$ OJhoXm oX ñdrH$maZoHo$ H$maU lr^mñH$am{^‘V ~«÷epŠV ~«÷oVa Amä`ÝVa Cnm{Yde

H$m © H$aVr gr àVrV hmoVr h¡. Am¡a pñnZmoµOmH$mo dh {H$VZr ‘mÝ` hmo nm oJr`h H$hZm ‘wpíH$b bJVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ pñnZmoµOm ñnï>V`m `h {Zê$nU H$aVo h¢{H$ Jm°S> H$s gm‘Ï © `m epŠV H$m Jm°S> Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ gmW gd©Wm VmXmËå`

227 228

hmoVm h¡. Jm°S> Ho$ ñdê$n‘mÌHo$ AZwamoYde `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh ñd`å yh¡ Am¡a H$m ©‘mÌH$m H$maU yV h¡. AV… CgH$s dh epŠV {H$ {Oggo dhAm¡a gH$b dñVw {dÚ‘mZ ahVr h¢ Am¡a VÎmX² AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm‘| gj‘hmoVr h¢, Cg epŠVH$m Jm°S> Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ gmW VmXmËå` hmoZm Mm{h o''21.AV… lr^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ ‘V‘| O~ VH$ BX{‘ËW§ mdoZ "" oXm oX=VmXmËå`'' H$mg‘rH$aU ‘mÝ`V`m {ZYm©[aV Zht hmo OmVm, V~ VH$ Hw$N> ^r {dYmZ H$aZm EH$d¡Mm[aH$ Ym§Ybr hmoJr. `h VmXmËå`ê$n oXm oX ^r nwZ… Cgr AW©‘| hmoZmMm{h`o {H$ ~«÷ê$n Ðì`m^oX‘| Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ^oX Omo àH$Q> hþdo h¢ doÐì`m oXH$mo {Z^mVo hþdo hr àH$Q> hmoVo h¢.

Bgr Vah ^mñH$a‘V‘| {ZíM oZ ~«÷ A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ H$maU hmoVm hrh¡. naÝVw Bg {Zê$nUHo$ {déÕ ^mñH$a‘VmbmoMH$m|Ûmam {dH$ënm|H$m EH$ O{Q>bOmb ~wZm J`m h¡:`h Û¡VKQ>H$ Cnm{Y ~«÷ñdê$nmpË‘H$m hmoVr h¡ m A~«÷mpË‘H$m?`{X ~«÷mpË‘H$m Vmo oX {gÕ Zht hmoJm Am¡a `{X A~«÷mpË‘H$m Vmo A oX {gÕZht hmo nm oJm. Eogo {dH$ënOmbgo lr^mñH$amMm ©H$mo Nw>‹S>mZodmbo H$moB© CÎmam{YH$marì`m»`mH$ma AmJo Zht Am o. AV… lr^mñH$amMm ©H$m {ZîH¥$ï> A{^àm` OmZnmZm XwîH$a àVrV hmoVm h¡. ñd § ‘hmà w ^r ^mñH$ar` à{H«$`mHo$ gmW AnZrAgh‘{V OVmVo hþdo H$hVo hr h¢-

H$m ©H$maUHo$ ~rM ñdm^m{dH$ oXm oXHo$ {ZamH$aUmW© hr""dmMmaå^U§ "{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo`§ "‘¥{ÎmH$m' BË`od gË`‘²''lw{V‘| ‘¥pËnÊS> Am{XHo$ CXmhaU {X o J o h¢. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVmh¡ {H$ EH$Ì kmV hmoZona ~«÷ gd©Ì A{^kmV hmo OmVm h¡. Bgo ZVmo gm‘mÝ`bjUmàË`mg{Îm‘| Inm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ZH$m ©H$mo AbrH$ ‘mZ H$a hr, Š`m|{H$ H$m`m]H$s H$maUËdoZ gÎmm`hm§ Bg dMZ‘| {dd{jV h¡ Z{H$ H$maU{^ÝZËdoZ.22

AVEd ""H$maU hr Ho$db gË` hmoVm h¡ m H$m © r'' Bg ~mao‘| ""dmMmaå^U§"{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo`§ "‘¥{ÎmH$m' BË`od gË`‘²''23 dMZ‘| {H$gr VahH$s{dà{Vn{ÎmH$s H$moB© gå^mdZm hr Ñ{ï>JmoMa Zht hmoVr. Š`m|{H$ `{X H$maUê$nm

Ho$db ‘¥{ÎmH$mH$m hr gË`Ëd `hm§ A{^àoV hmoVm Vmo dMZ ""‘¥{ÎmHo$Ë`odgË §''Ho$ ~Om` ""‘¥{ÎmH¡$d gË`m'' hmoZm Mm{h o Wm.

"B{V'eãX hoVw àH$ma ñdê$n g‘mpßV {ddjm@{Z`‘ eãXàmXw^m©dEd‘W© àH$f© ì`dñWm àH¥${V dú`‘mUnam‘e© g‘wÀM` AmÚW© {ZXe©ZAdYmaU àË`j ‘mZ àH$me Am{X AWm]‘| à wŠV hmoVm h¡. BZ‘|go ‘¥{ÎmH$mËdZ Vmo gË`ËdH$m hoVw, Z àH$ma, àm{Vn{XH$mW© hr hmo gH$Vm h¡, Š`m|{H$ V~ VmoÛ¡Vmn{Îm hmoJr. dmŠ`mW©ñdê$n g‘mpßV {ddjm@{Z`‘ eãXàmXw m©d àH$f© ì`dñWmdú`‘mUnam‘e© g‘wÀM` AmÚW© àË`j ‘mZ Am¡a àH$me AW© Vmo Aàmg§{JH$hr h¢. AV… eãXñdê$n Ed‘W© Am¡a {ZXe©Z `m| VrZ hr AW© ~M OmVo h¢. BZHo$CXmhaU H«$‘e… `m| à{gÕ h¢:1."""H¥$îU' B{V ‘“b§ Zm‘'' 2.""H«$‘mX² A‘w§ZmaX B{V A~mo{Y g'' 3.""Amnmo "Zmam' B{V àmoŠVm…''. BZ‘| àW‘ Am¡a V¥Vr`àH$mam|Ho$ AZwgma Vmo "‘¥{ÎmH$m'nXgo "B{V'nX Ow‹S>oJm Z{H$ ‘¥{ÎmH$mê$n nXmW©Ho$gmW. {ÛVr` àH$maHo$ gÝX ©‘| "gË §'nXHo$ gmW g‘mZ{b“r "Zm‘Yo 'nX O~dmŠ`monmÎmV`m nam‘¥ï> hmo gH$Vm h¡ V~ Ag‘mZ{b“r ‘¥{ÎmH$mê$n AW©go Ow‹S>mhþdm ‘mZZoH$m H$moB© Am¡{MË` Zht ah OmVm h¡.

Bgr Vah `{X {dH$mam|H$m {‘Ï`mËd hr A{^àoV hmoVm Vmo CXmhaU aÁOwgn©ewpŠVaOV `m ñdßZ {X o OmZo Mm{h o Wo. CXmhaU Vmo {ddVm}nmXmZHo$ ~Om`n[aUmå wnmXmZHo$ hr lw{V‘| {X o J o h¡. Bggo lwË`{^àm`H$m Hw$N> {deof g§Ho$V{‘bVm hr h¡.

`hm§ EH$ e§H$m `h CR> gH$Vr h¡ {H$ bmoh‘{U-bmoh Am¡a ZI{ZH¥$ÝVZ-H$mîUm© g Vmo A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXr CXmhaU h¢ naÝVw ‘¥pËnÊS>-‘¥{ÎmH$m Vmo,ñd`§ à.a.ñdrH¥${Vde ^r, {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXr CXmhaU h¢. lw{V naÝVw{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmar CXmhaUHo$ ~bna ^r H$m ©-H$maU‘| O~ VmXmËå`H$mà{VnmXZ H$a ahr hmo V~ A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXmZwgmar H$m ©-H$maU^md‘| VmoVmXmËå`Ho$ {dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ ~mao‘| {H$gr VahH$s e§H$mH$m H$moB© AdH$me hr Zhtah OmVm h¡. AVEd KQ>m{X H$m`m}XmhaUm|H$m gÀMm Zm‘ "‘¥{ÎmH$m'Am{X hmoVmh¡ "‘¥X²{dH$ma'Am{X Zm‘ gÀMo Zht hmoVo. Š`m|{H$ ‘¥X²-KQ>Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`K{Q>V

229 230

oXHo$ ~Om` AgËH$m ©dmXH$s YmaUmAm|H$m AZwgaU H$a AÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$n oX`{X ñdrH$mam OmVm hmo Eogr pñW{V‘| "‘¥X²{dH$ma'Am{X Zm‘ {‘Ï`m AWm©V²AW©hrZ {gÕ hm|Jo, ‘¥{ÎmH$mgo n¥WH²$ KQ>Ho$ {gÕ Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU.

`m| dmñV{dH$ Zm‘Ho$ {Zê$nUÛmam H$m ©H$maUHo$ ~rM Û¡V, Û¡VmË`ÝVm^mdAm¡a Û¡VmÛ¡V VrZm|Ho$ hr {ZamH$aUnyd©H$ ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV²Ëd‘² A{g''24 lwË wŠV ~«÷VmXmËå` m ~«÷¡VXmËå` ê$n A oX hr "BX§'nXm{^{hVO‹S>g¥{ï> Am¡a "Ëd§'nXm{^{hV Ordg¥{ï> H$m {dd{jV h¡. VXZwgma ^mñH$a‘Vr`mepŠV m Cnm{Y ~«÷ñdê$nmÝV y©V Z hmo Vmo dh ñdê$noU oXm oXmË‘Zm AdpñWVAmä`ÝVanXmW©hmoZogo pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘VHo$ gmW Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡V doXmÝVH$sg“{V‘| dh ì`dYmZ ~Z Om oJr.

àË`{^kmXe©Z Vmo gd©Wm ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr hr e¡d{MÝVZ Wm. AVEd amOmZH$lram‘H${d ({d.g§.1006) VWm ‘hm‘mhoída amOmZH$ lrA{^ZdJwßVmMm`©({d.g§.1124), Omo ‘hmà wgo r nm§Mgm¡-N>ñgm¡ df©nyd© hþdo, CZH$s JdÒrVmH$s"gd©Vm o^Ðm' VWm "JrVmW©g§J «h' Zm{‘H$m ì`m»`mAm |‘ | gwñnï>V`mA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVm à{Vnm{XV H$aVo hþdo {edH$s na‘epŠVH$mo nma‘m{W©H$sVWm {edgo An¥WŠV`m ‘mÝ` aIVo h¢25. AV… CZHo$ ‘VH$s g§J{V Vmo pñnZmoµOmHo$‘Vgo dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s Vah hr gd©Wm gw{Zê$ß` hmo OmVr h¡.

H$Um©Q>H$Ho$ {deofmÛ¡VdmXr lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm © ñd §H$mo lr^mñH$a‘VmZwJm‘r‘mZVo h¢26. d¡go BZHo$ ^mî`‘| CÕ¥V AJñË`‘w{ZH¥$V ~«÷gyÌd¥{Îm Xwdm©gmñ‘¥{VñH$mÝXnwamU Am{X AZoH$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ Omo CÕaU CnbãY hmoVo h¢, do ‘hmà wHo$boIZ‘| ^r d¡îUd nXmdbrHo$ gmW A{dH$b Á`m|Ho$ Ë`m| à wŠV hþdo h¢. AVEdBZHo$ {Zê$nUH$m dmëb^ doXmÝVgo A{Ve` gm‘rß` ^r {ZJmhm|‘| C‹S> H$aAmZodmbm Vmo EH$ VÏ` Vmo h¡ hr. `o ^r AnZo-AmnH$m o H$ÊR>V…A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVmdmXr ~VmVo h¢27. {’$a^r {Og A§e‘| {deofmÛ¡V Am¡aewÕmÛ¡V doXmÝVm|Ho$ {MÝVZ‘| à oX h¡, dh BZHo$ hr eãXm|‘| XoI boZm C{MVhmoJm:

H$.na‘{edepŠV AnZr g§Hw${MVmdñWm‘| H$maU hmoVrh¡ VWm na‘{edepŠVH$s àgm[aVmdñWm H$m © h¡ AV… oX hmoZona^r A^oX CnnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. I.g¥{ï>H$mb‘| ^oX hmoVm h¡àb`H$mb‘| A oX hmoVm h¡. J.O¡go bmohm nËWa H$mR> Vé Jwë‘Am{X AMoVZV`m gOmVr` nXmWm]‘| nañna oX ñd^md{gÕhmoVm h¡ VÛV² Ord Am¡a B©ída Ho$ ~rM ^r MoVZV`m gmOmË`hmoZona ^r ñdm^m{dH$ oX hmoVm h¡. O¡go hram bgw{Z`m Jmo‘oXH$‘m{UŠ` Am{X aËZOmVr` hmoVo h¢ Am¡a CZgo {^ÝZ ñdU© aOVAm{X YmVwOmVr` hmoVo h¢. Bg VahH$m oX ^r Ord Am¡a B©ída Ho$~rM ^r hmoVm hr h¡. K.‘oénd©Vna nhþ§M OmZona H$m¡Am ^r O¡gogwZham ~Z OmVm h¡ VÛV² AnZr ^pŠVgo {edH$mo nm boZodmbmOrd ^r {ed ~Z OmVmh¡.28

lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm © Cnm{YH$s g‘ñ`mgo ANy>Vo ~MZoHo${b o {edepŠVH$moCnm{YHo$ ê$n‘| à{Vnm{XV Zht H$aZm MmhVo h¢. {’$a^r AnZo-AmnH$moñdm^m{dH$Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXr ‘mZVo hr h¢. Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrH$s {ddoMZmHo$AmYmana {d‘e© H$aZona, `o {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXH$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþdoA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVm ñdrH$maVo h¢, Eogm H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. BZHo$ ‘V‘|OJXwnmXmZH$maU yV {edHo$ {dH$maV`m O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJX² CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡ae¡dgmYZmHo$ Ûmam hr dh nwZ… {edñdê$nmË‘Zm AdpñWV hmo nmVm h¡. AV… `hm§^r pñnZmoµOmHo$ gmW gh‘{V ImoO nmZm eŠ` Zht h¡.

lr{dkmZ {^jw Vmo AmH$medV² AmYmaH$maUVmH$s gd©Wm ZyVZ YmaUmHo$nwañH$Vm© hmoZoHo$ H$maU CZHo$ ‘VHo$ gmW Vmo g§J{VH$m {dMma hr Aàmg§{JH$hmoJm.

(4)A{dH¥$Vñdê$nn[aUm‘dmX: Bg Vah A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZVmHo$ AÝVJ©V {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ Am¡a

A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ H$s {d{^ÝZ YmaUmAm|Ho$ gyú‘ {ddoH$de pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZ‘|

231 232

A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘H$s à{H«$`mH$m AdbmoH$Z A~ H«$‘àmßV hmoVm h¡. VXW© nwZ…CÝhtHo$ eãXm|‘|:

H$.Jm°S> g^r dñVwAm|H$m dñËdÝV{Z©{hV H$maU hmoVm h¡,dh n[adV©Zerb (AWm©V² H$m`m}Ën{Îmà{H«$`m‘| Zï> hm oOmZodmbm) H$maU Zht. Š`m|{H$ g^r Hw$N> Omo ApñVËddmZ² h¢,do Jm°S> ‘| hr h¢ Am¡a Jm°S> Ho$ àË``mÝV y©V hmo H$a hr àË`m{`V hmonmVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ Omo Hw$N> Jm°S> go OÝ` h¡ dh Cgr‘| {dÚ‘mZahVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ Jm°S> Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` Vmo H$moB© nXmW© h¡ hr Zht.AV… Cggo ~{h y©V ^r Hw$N> hmo Zht gH$Vm h¡. I.Jm°S> Am¡aCgHo$ g^r JwUY‘© emídV hmoVo h¢. J.Jm°S> H$s gÎmm Am¡a ñdê$nnañnamË‘H$ hmoVo h¢. K.EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Jm°S> Am¡aCgHo$ JwUY‘© An[adV©Zerb `m A{dH$mar hmoVo h¢.29

Bggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoZona ^r Z Vmo ñdê$nm§e‘|Am¡a Z AnZo JwUY‘mªe Jm°S> Ho$ ñdê$n‘| {H$gr VahH$s VÎdmÝVaVm àH$Q> hmoVrh¡. AV… dmëb^ doXmÝV {Ogo "A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘'V`m n[a^m{fV H$aZm MmhVmh¡, dh à{H«$`m pñnZmoµOmH$mo ^r ‘mÝ` hmoZr hr Mm{h o.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo${b o àmU yV Bg A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXH$s YmaUmH$m àmMrZCëboI ì`mH$aU‘hm^mî`‘| ^r BZ g‘W© eãXm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡:

VWm gwdUª H$`m{MX² AmH¥$Ë`m `wŠV§ {nÊS>mo ^d{V,{nÊS>mH¥${V‘² Cn‘¥Ú H$Q>H$m… {H«$`ÝVo, H$Q>H$mH¥${V‘² Cn‘¥ÚñdpñVH$m… {H«$`ÝVo. nwZ… Amd¥Îm… gwdU©{nÊS>… nwZ… Ana`mAmH¥$Ë`m wŠV…... AmH¥${V… AÝ`m M AÝ`m ^d{V Ðì § nwZ…VXod. AmH¥$Ë wn‘X}Z Ðì`‘od Ad{eî`Vo... AWdm Z BX‘od{ZË`bjU§-""Y« wd § H y $Q >ñW§A{dMmë`Znm`moOZm{dH$m`©ZwËnÎ`d¥Õçì```mo{J `V² VV²

{ZË`‘²''. VX{n {ZË § `pñ‘Z² VÎd§ Z {dhÝ`Vo. qH$ nwZ… VÎd§?VX² md… VÎd‘². AmH¥$Vmd{n VÎd§ Z {dhÝ`Vo''30

AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXr {dMmaYmam ‘hmà wgo ~hmoVnhbo ^r ^maVdf©‘o àM{bV Wr hr.

H$Ðì`ñdê$nn[aUm‘ AWdm H$Ðì`ñdê$ngo An¥WH²${gÕ {H$gr IÐì`mÝVaH$mJÐì`mÝVaËdoZ `m Yå ©ÝVaËdoZ n[aUm‘, JwUmÝVaml`ËdoZ `m Y‘m©ÝVaml`ËdoZn[aUm‘, AmH¥$Ë`ÝVaml`ËdoZ n[aUm‘, AW©{H«$`mÝVaml`ËdoZ n[aUm‘ `m|n[aUm‘dmXHo$ ^r AdmÝVaà oX Vmo H$B© gå^d h¢ hr. n[aUm‘dmXHo$ {d‘e©‘| BZgyú‘VmAm|H$mo Ñ{ï>go AmoPb Zht XoZm Mm{h o. dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| H$Ðì`ñdê$nn[aUm‘A{^‘V h¡ Am¡a VX{dg§dm{XV`m hr JwUmÝVaml`ËdoZ `m Y‘m©ÝVaml`ËdoZn[aUm‘, AmH¥$Ë`ÝVaml`ËdoZ n[aUm‘, AW©{H«$`mÝVaml`ËdoZ n[aUm‘ A{^‘VhmoVo h¢. H$Ðì`ñdê$ngo An¥WH²${gÕ {H$gr IÐì`mÝVaH$m JÐì`mÝVaËdoZ `mYå ©ÝVaËdoZ n[aUm‘ dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s H$Wm Zht.AñVw.

Bg Eogo A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXH$mo yamonr` Xe©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V h‘ pñnZmoµOmHo${MÝVZ‘| gwñnï>V`m nhMmZ nmVo h¢, `h h‘Zo XoIm.

(5)gËH$maUVmdmX: AgËH$maUdmXH$m {ZamH$aU ñd`§ ~«÷gyÌHo$ {ÛVr`mÜ`m` {ÛVr`nmXHo$

26-27d| gyÌm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡. AgËH$maUVmdmX‘| à‘wI Amn{Îm dhm§ `hr{XIbm`r J`r h¡ {H$ AgËH$maUgo H$m`m}Ën{Îm ñdrH$maZona eee¥§Jgo ^r Hw$N>n¡Xm hmoVm hmoZm ñdrH$maZo‘| Š`m ~mYm ah Om oJr? Š`m|{H$ A^mdgo ^mdmoËn{ÎmñdrH$maZona, Omo ^mdnXmW© H$m ©OZZmW© CXmgrZ hmo, Cggo ^r H$m © CËnÝZhmoZm Mm{h o. {’$a Vmo H¥$î`m{Xê$n {H$gr H$m ©H$s CËn{ÎmHo${b o CgHo$ ~rOm{Xê$nCnmXmZH$maU Am¡a H¥$frdb-hb-Obm{Xê$n H$Vm© CnH$aU `m {Z{‘Îm H$maUm|H$s ^r Anojm ah Zht OmZr Mm{h o31. H$maUgm‘J«rHo$ H$m`m}Ën{ÎmjU‘| {dÚ‘mZahZona nwZ…H$m`m}Ën{ÎmH$s Amn{Îm Vmo H$m`m}Ën{ÎmHo$ ~mX ^r H$m ©gm‘½a²ç^mdHo$

233 234

A{deofoU AZwdV©‘mZ ahZoHo$ H$maU hr AgËH$maUdmX‘| ^r Ag‘mYo hr h¡.AV… H$m`m}Ën{Îmgo Aì`d{hVnyd©jU‘| H$maUgm‘J«rH$s {deof {dÚ‘mZVmHo$AmYmana hr g‘mYmZ ImoOZm C{MV hmoVm h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| pñnZmoµOmHo$ {dYmZm|H$m{d‘e© A~ H«$‘àmßV hmoVm h¡:

H$.Ðì` ñd^mdV… AnZo n[aUm‘m|go nyd©dVu hmoVm h¡.I.àË oH$ dñVw {OgH$m ApñVËd hmo dh `m Vmo ñdd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡`m nad¥{Îm... Ðì` `m CgHo$ n[aUm‘m|Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a Hw$N>ApñVËddmZ² Zht hmo gH$Vo. J.EH$ Ðì`go Ðì`mÝVa CËnÝZ hmoZht gH$Vm. AV… ~«÷mÊS>‘| Xmo Ðì`m|H$m hmoZm gå^d hr Zht h¡.K.Ðì` {ZO ApñVËd‘| AmË‘{Z ©a hmoVm h¡ O~{H$ n[aUm‘ {ZOApñVËdHo$ hoVw AnZogo {^ÝZ {H$grna {Z ©a hmoVm h¡. AV… CgH$màË`` ^r AnZo Aml`r yV Ðì`Ho$ àË``na {Z ©a hmoVmh¡.32

BZ {dYmZm|H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZogo pñnZmoµOmHo$ gËH$maUdmXr hmoZo‘| {H$grVahHo$ g§e`H$mo AdH$me Zht ah OmVm h¡.

(6)gËH$m ©dmX: ~«÷gyÌmUw^mî` {ÛVr`mÜ`m`Ho$ àW‘nmXHo$ 14-20 gyÌm|Ho$ ^mî`‘|

gËH$m`©dmXH$m ‘ÊS>Z VWm AgËH$m`©dmXH$m {ZagZ {H$`m J`m h¡.àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maZo Bg {df`‘| EH$ `h Cnn{Îm Am¡a ^r {XIbm`r h¡ {H$""gXod BX‘² AJ« AmgrX²'' ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷'' ""nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X²

yV§ ÀM ì`‘²''33 ~«÷kmZgm‘{`H$ hr Zht àË wV ì`dhmaXem‘| r Ñí`‘mZànÄMH$s CËn{Îmgo nyd©, CËnÝZ hmoZoHo$ níMmV² VWm Zme Ho$ ~mX ^r Omo~«÷ê$nVm {Zê${nV hþ r h¡, CgHo$ AmYmana OÝ`VmhoVwH$/ZmehoVwH$ A~«÷Vm{ZañV hmo OmVr h¡. AgV²H$s gÎmm Am¡a gV²H$s AgÎmm ^JdX²JrVm34‘| AñdrH¥$VhmoZogo àVr`‘mZ CËn{Îm-ZmeH$mo Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdV`m hr ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o35.AV… àmJ^mdà{V`mo{JV`m {gÕ hmoVr H$m ©H$s AgV²-Vm ewÕmÛ¡V doXmÝV‘|«mpÝVê$nm hmoVr h¡.

pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘V‘| n[aUm‘H$s n[a^mfmH$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo ‘mÌgo CZHo$gËH$m ©dmXr hmoZoH$m VÏ` gd©Wm ñ’w$Q> hmo OmVm h¡:

""mode‹(=ê$ngo) ‘oam VmËn © Ðì`Ho$ n[aUm‘m|Ho$ ~mao‘|h¡ AWdm Omo AÝ` {H$gr‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVm hmo Am¡a {OgH$màË`m`Z ^r AÝ`àË``mdbpå~V hmo.''36

ñnï> h¡ {H$ ê$n{deofmË‘Zm n[aUV Ðì`Ho$ àË``‘| ê$nàË``H$m AÝV^m©dA“rH¥$V hmoZogo VWm Ðì`Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a gÎmm Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå` ‘mÝ` hmoZogoVÎmÐÿnmË‘Zm gH$b Ðì`n[aU{VAm|H$s gÎmm ^r ñdrH$maZr n‹S>oJr.

(7)H$m`©-H$maUVmXmËå`dmX VWm A§em§{eVmXmËå`dmX: dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«÷ Am¡a CgH$s gX§eê$nm

O‹S>g¥{ï> Ho$ ~rM n[aUmå wnmXmZ Am¡a VÎmX² ({Z`V) Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s dhm§{Z`Vm{d y©VVmê$nm `m n[aUm‘ê$nm H$m ©Vm A{^àoV h¡. A§{eê$n gpÀMXmZÝX~«÷H$s {MX§eê$nm Ordg¥{ï>‘| {Z`V Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s {Z`Vm{d y©VVmê$nm `mn[aUm‘ê$nm H$m ©Vm A{^àoV Z hmo H$a Ho$db {MX§eê$nVm hr A{^àoV h¡. AV…H$m ©-H$maU Am¡a A§em§er XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM `Wm`W CnmXmZmonmXo ^mdmË‘H$ Am¡aA§em§{e^mdmË‘H$ {Û{dY VmXmËå` {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡. `h C^`{dY VmXmËå`""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘² A{g''37 lw{V‘| EH$hob`m à{Vnm{XVhþdm h¡. ah OmVr h¡ AmZÝXm§eê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ {d{dY Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$nm|H$s ~mVVmo dhm§ Vmo ‘ybê$nHo$ gmW VmXmËå` AZwŠV{gÕ hmoVm hr h¡, ""AmZÝXmo ~«÷o{Vì`OmZmV²''38.

Bg {df`‘| pñnZmoµOmH$m A{^àm` ñd § CZHo$ eãXm|‘| XoIZm hmo Vmo Bg Vah{‘bVm h¡:

235 236

H$.Thought(=kmZ) Jm°S> H$m EH$ JwUY‘© h¡ Am¡a Jm°S>kmZdmZ² nXmW© h¡. I.Extention‹(=O‹S>) Jm°S> H$m EH$ JwUY‘©h¡ Am¡a dh XoedVu nXmW© h¡. J.‘¢ `h à{Vnm{XV H$aZm MmhVmhÿ§ {H$ ‘Zwî`H$s n[apÀN>ÝZ MoVZm Cg Jm°S> H$s An[apÀN>ÝZ MoVZmepŠVgo A{^ÝZ h¡... Am¡a CgHo$ An[apÀN>ÝZ kmZH$m EH$ A§eh¡.39

Bg Vah H$m ©-H$maUVmXmËå` Am¡a A§em§{eVmXmËå` H$s ñdrH¥${VnaH${dYmZHo$ {d‘e© H$a boZona, gm‘mÝ` H$m ©H$maU^mdgå~ÝYr ApÝV‘ {ZJ‘ZAm{d^m©d-{Vamo mddmX d¡Mm[aH$ H«$‘àmßV hmoVm h¡. ‘yb‘| 1-7 YmaUmAm|H$moñdrH$ma boZona `m CZHo$ {gÕ hmo OmZona gm‘mÝ` H$m ©H$maU^md gå~ÝYrApÝV‘ AmR>dm§ {ZJ‘Z Vmo AWm©n{ÎmbãY hr hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ {’$aàmJ^mdà{V`mo{JVmH$ CËn{Îm Vmo {gÕ `m ñdrH$m © hr Zht hmo nmVr. Š`m|{H$Omo A~ VH$ {Vamo yV Wm dhr Am{d y©V hmo J`m Eogo ‘mZo {~Zm {’$a H$moB© MmamZht ah OmVm. Zd‘

g§jon‘| `h XoI boZm Cn wŠV hmoJm {H$ gm‘mÝ`V`m gX§e yV O‹S>nXmWm]H$mAm{d^m©d {H$gr {Z`V Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ho$ gmW hmoVm h¡ Am¡a `h {Z`{V nwZ:{ZË`{Z`{V Zht hmoVr. AVEd {H$gr EH$ Zm‘-ê$n‘| àH$Q> nXmW© {Z{‘ÎmmÝVademV²Ana Zm‘-ê$nmË‘Zm ^r nwZ: àH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡. AWm©V² AZw dJmoMa hmo nmVmh¡. o gmao àH$ma dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘hmà w Am¡a nwéfmoÎm‘Or Ho$ CnnmXZHo$AmYmana CÅ>§{H$V {H$ o Om gH$Vo h¢ naÝVw pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZ‘| Eogr CÅ>§H$ZmAZ{YH$maMoï>m {gÕ hmoJr, EVX²{df`H$ H$moB© gyÌmË‘H$ CpŠV O~ VH$ {‘bZht OmVr. EVmdVm Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$s YmaUm ^r pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZ‘|Ag“V hmo OmVr hmo Eogm H$hm Zht Om gH$Vmh¡.

EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«÷ O~ ""gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yra: Zm‘m{ZH¥$Ëdm{^dXZ² `X² AmñVo''-""`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n‘²''42

lwË wŠVarË`m O~ AZoH$mZoH$ Zm‘ ê$n VWm H$‘m] H$mo àH$Q> H$a ahm h¡ VmoCgHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V‘| AZÝV{dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V ""bmoH$dÎmw

brbmH¡$dë`‘²''43 ~«÷gyÌHo$ à‘mÊ`Ho$ AZwamoYde dmëb^doXmÝV Bgo^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| XoIZm MmhVm h¡.

d¡go lrJm¡‹S>nmXmMm ©Zo-

{d yqV àgd§ ËdÝ o ‘Ý`ÝVo g¥{ï>{MÝVH$m:&ñdßZ‘m`mgê$no{V g¥{ï>aÝ ¡: {dH$pënVm&&BÀN>m‘m̧ à^mo: g¥{ï>[a{V g¥ï>m¡ {d{ZpíMVm:&H$mbmV² àgyqV yVmZm§ ‘Ý`ÝVo H$mb{MÝVH$m:&&^moJmWª g¥{ï>[aË`Ý o H«$sS>mW©{‘{V Mmnao&Xodñ ¡f ñd^mdmo@`‘² AmßVH$m‘ñ` H$m ñn¥hm?&&44

`hm§ pñnZmoµOmH$mo A{^‘V ñd^mddmX `m {dñVmadmX H$m hr àË`m»`mZZht àË wV BÀN>mdmX-gL²H$ëndmX Am¡a brbmdmX H$m ^r àË`m»`mZ {H$`m h¡.^JdËnmX lreL²H$amMm © BZ H$m[aH$mAm|na AnZo ^mî`‘| {ddoMZ H$aVo h¢ {H$-

g¥{ï>{MÝVZ‘| nam`U {MÝVH$ B©ídaH$m {dñVma ‘mZVo h¢ dona‘mW©{MÝVZ‘| nam`U Zht hmo nmVo Bgr Vah ""g§H$ën‘mÌgog¥{ï> àH$Q> hþ r h¡'' Eogm H$hZona Vmo g¥{ï> g§H$ënZm‘mÌ {gÕhmoVr h¡ Cggo A{V[aŠV Zht. yVm|H$s g¥{ï> H$mbgo hþ r h¡ EogmH$mb{MÝVH$ (AWm©V² `hm§ ^r na‘mW©{MÝVH$ Zht Eogmg‘mZÝ`m oZ {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡.) ‘mZVo h¢. Hw$N> {MÝVH$ moJmW©`m H«$s‹S>mW© na‘oídaZo `h g¥{ï> àH$Q> H$s Eogm ‘mZVo h¢. BZ g^rnjm|H$m {ZamH$aU H$m[aH$mH$ma ""Xodñ` Ef ñd^mdmo A`‘²''A§eÛmam H$a XoVo h¢, Š`m|{H$ AmßVH$m‘Ho$ ^rVa ñn¥hm Vmo àH$Q>Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡. AkmZñd^mdHo$ {~Zm añgrH$s gnm©H$maoUn[aU{V gå^d Zht.45

237 238

hm§ ñd^mddmXH$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZoHo$ ~mdOyX Xodñd^md ñd § XodH$m ñd^mdZ hmo H$a Xodgå~ÝYr A{dÚmH$m ñd^md‘mZ{b`mJ`mh¡.

AV… `h Z Vmo pñnZmoµOmH$mo ‘mÝ` hmoJm Am¡a Z dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| hr, XodAm¡a Xod-A{dÚm Ho$ ~rM O~ VH$ VmXmËå` Zht ñdrH$mam OmVm V~ VH$. AV…nydm}XmöV ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª'' lw{Vgo g§JV ì`m»`m Zht bJVr h¡.ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²‘| ""ñd^md‘oHo$ H$d`mo dXpÝV H$mb§ VWmÝ o n[a‘wh² ‘mZm…Xodñ ¡f ‘{h‘mVw bmoHo$ oZoX§ «må`Vo ~«÷MH«$‘²''46 Bg dMZ‘| Xod‘{h‘mH$mhr {Zê$nU Z{H$ Xodgå~ÝYr A{dÚmH$s ‘{h‘mH$m. AV… Eogr ì`m»`mZar{VñdrH$ma H$a dmëb^ doXmÝV Xod‘{h‘m IpÊS>V H$aHo$ A{dÚmH$s ‘{h‘m ~‹T>mZmZht MmhVm h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w nyN>Vo h¢ {H$ ""H$mo@ § ~«÷dmXo àÛofmo oZ{‘Ï`mdmX… n[aH$ëß`Vo? AkmZmX² B{V MoV² nrVeL²I$à{V^mZdX² wŠV§‘VH$aU‘².''47

Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|‘| àm`… CnmgZmW© Amamo{nV Û¡V `m ^ŠË`W© H$pënV Û¡VH$mo CnmXo Ñ{ï>go ~ImZm OmVm h¡ ""^ŠË`Wª H$pënV§ Û¡V‘Û¡VmX{n gwÝXa‘²''naÝVw dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m A{^àm` Bg {df`‘| Eogm gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$Ho$dbmÛ¡VddmXHo$ AZwgma Ord ^r ‘m{`H$ h¡ Am¡a B©ída ^r ‘m{`H$ {’$a^r `hŠ`m H$maU h¡ {H$ OrdÛmam CnmgZmW© H$pënVÛ¡V lo ñH$a ‘mZm J`m h¡ Am¡aB©ídaÛmam a‘UmW© H$pënVÛ¡V hm{ZH$a. `{X lw{VAm|‘| Û¡VH$s {ZÝXm {Zê${nVhþ r h¡, Eogm g‘mYmZ {X`m OmVm h¡ Vmo CnmgZmW© H$pënVÛ¡V ^r {ZpÝXV hmoZmMm{h o Wm. `{X CnmgZmW© H$pënVÛ¡V ‘mohmdaUH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$ ~mX ñdoÀN>`mAmamo{nV hmoZogo hm{ZH$maH$ Zht hmoVm Eogo gmoMm Om o Vmo na‘oídaÛmam a‘UmW©g§H$pënV Û¡V ^r ñdm^m{dH$ Z hmo H$a EopÀN>H$ hr h¡ EVmdVm Cgo Am{dÚH$‘mZZm Vmo Amdí`H$ Zht ah OmVm `{X lwË wŠV Û¡V{ZÝXmnaH$ dMZm|H$mo H$htgmdH$me ~ZmZoHo${b o AmË‘a‘UmW© B©ídag§H$pënV Û¡V‘| AdH$me ImoOZoH$s~mV gmoMr Om o Vmo dh Bg{b o A{Zdm © Zht bJVm {H$ ^Jdëbrbmê$n Û¡VHo$Abmdm AmË`pÝVH$, ñdm^m{dH$, Am¡nm{YH$ AWdm ‘m{`H$ Û¡V‘| Û¡V{ZÝXmnaH$lw{VdMZm|H$mo gmdH$me ‘mZm Om gH$Vm Wm AV… AmË‘a‘UmW© ^JdËg§H$pënV

brbmË‘H$ Û¡VH$mo ñdrH$ma H$a A~ brbmdmXHo$ {d‘em©W© àd¥Îm hþdm Om gH$Vmh¡.

(9)brbmW©g¥{ï>dmX: àñVwV {Z~ÝYHo$ àmaå^‘| CÕ¥V ewÕmÛ¡VdmX{Zê${nH$m ""gÎdod gm¡å`

BX‘J« AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr § VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o B{V'' lw{VVWm brbmdmX{Zê${nH$m lw{V ""g d¡ Z¡d ao‘o Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g{ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ² Amg. `Wm ñÌrnw‘m§gm¡ gån[aîdŠVm¡ gB‘‘od AmË‘mZ§ ÛoYmnmV`V². VV… n{VíM nËZr M A^dVm‘²'' BZ XmoZm|dMZm|‘| EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gÝ‘mÌ VÎdH$s ~hþ^dZ{df{`Ur BÀN>mH$m {Zê$nUCnbãY hmoVm hmoZogo gÝ‘mÌ VÎdm{V[aŠV gXgX{Zd©MZr` ‘m`m `m A{dÚm Ho$de ~hþ dZH$m H$moB© àg§J hr CnpñWV ZhthmoVm.

`{X EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gÝ‘mÌ VÎd‘| lw{V{gÕ ~hþ^dZH$m‘ZmHo$ AÝ`WmAZwnnÝZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ‘m`m `m A{dÚm H$s H$m‘Zm ñdrH$maZr Amdí`H$bJVr h¡, Eogm gmoMm Om o Vmo O¡go Cg VÎdH$s gÎmm N>h ^md{dH$maa{hV hmoVrh¡, O¡go CgH$s kmZê$nVm AmÝVa-~mh² H$aU Ed§ {df`m| go AOÝ` hmoVr h¢,Eogo hr CgH$s H$m‘ZmH$mo ^r AkmZr Ordm|‘| n¡Xm hmoVr H$m‘Zmgo {dgÑe ‘mZH$a ^r H$m‘ Mbm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. EVmdVm ‘m`m `m A{dÚm H$mo ~rM‘| bmZm~hmoV Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm.

emñÌm|‘| ‘m`m `m A{dÚm H$m {Zê$nU {‘bVm hmoZogo CÝh| gXgX{Zd©MZr`Cnm{YHo$ ê$n‘| bmZm Amdí`H$ bJVm hmo Vmo ""Z Vñ` H$m ª H$aU§ M {dÚVoZ VËg‘íMmä`{YH$íM Ñí`Vo namñ` epŠV{d©{dY¡d ly Vo ñdm^m{dH$skmZ~b{H«$`m M''48 dMZ{Z{X©ï> {Xem‘| AJ«ga hmo H$a ‘m`m-A{dÚm Am{XepŠVAm|H$mo ^r CgHo$ gË`kmZmÝXmË‘H$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n hr ñdrH$maZmMm{h o. EVmdVm brbm~moY‘| {H$gr àH$maH$s ~mYm Zht Am nm oJr. AVEdCgH$s ~hþ dZH$m‘ZmH$m r ñdê$n CgHo$ gË`kmZmZÝXmË‘H$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$nñdrH$ma boZona lrJm¡‹S>nmXmMm`m}ŠV ""Xodñ ¡f ñd^mdmo@`‘²'' EH$ g‘rMrZCnn{ÎmHo$ ê$n‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ` hmo gH$Vr h¡. AV… ah OmVm h¡

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""AmßVH$m‘ñ` H$m ñn¥hm?'' AZwnn{ÎmH o $ n[ahmaH$s {MÝVm Vm o""AmßVH$m‘ñ`m{n AmË‘Ý`od AmË‘Zm gh AmË‘a‘UmpË‘Ho$`§ ñn¥hm ZAmßVH$m‘Vm{déÕm'' H$h H$a dmëb^ doXmÝV n[ahmaH$aZmC{MV‘mZoJm

Bg ‘wH$m‘na nhw§MZona ~«÷‘| g¥{ï>H$m àmXw m©d Mmho ~«m{÷H$ ñd^mddehþdm hmo AWdm ~«m{÷H$ H$m‘ `m g§H$ën Ho$ de hþdm hmo, Hw$N> ^r ñdrH$mam Om o~hm oV AÝVa Zht n‹S>Vm, Š`m |{H$ ""H$Vw ©‘H$Vw ©‘Ý`WmH$Vw ª''ê$n `m""AK{Q>VKQ>ZmnQ>r`grËd''ê$n gm‘Ï © ^r ~«m{÷H$ ñd^mdmZwnm{V hr ‘mÝ`H$aZm n‹S>oJm Z{H$ ‘m{`H$ ñd^mdmZwnmVr. AVEd ‘hmà w brbmH$s ì`m»`mH$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ ""g¥{ï> Am{XH$mo ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| OmZ nmZona^JdX² pŠV àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡ Ho$db ^JdËH$m ©V`m OmZ boZona Zht.''-""AZm`mg hfm}ÐoH$demV² H$s OmVr Moï>m "brbm' H$hbmVr h¡.''49 AVEdgpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ g‘J« gV² {MV² VWm AmZÝX A§em|go H$s OmVr brbmH$mo‘hmà w brbm{Zê$nH$ ñd{ZîH$f©dMZ‘|-

1.""`… (gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘m ñdgdmªe¡…) H«$sS>{V'' Ho$Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$nm|‘| `moJ‘m`m `m AmË‘‘m`m ê${nUr epŠVÛmam H$sOmVr ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| à{Vnm{XV H$aVo h¢.

2.Ohm§ AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZÛmam AZoH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ê$nm|‘|OrdmË‘Zm àH$Q> hmo H$a AWdm {MXmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZÛmam {d{dYAm{Y^m¡{VH$ O‹S>ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmo H$a ^JdmZ² brbm H$aVo h¢ CgH$snhMmZ ‘hmà^w gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm ‘m`m epŠVÛmam H$s OmVrbrbm ""`… OJX² yËdm H«$sS>{V'' Ho$ ê$n‘| H$amZm MmhVo h¢.

3.BgHo$ Abmdm AnZo ñdê$nH$mo wbm`m Z Om gHo$ Eogr{dÚmê$nm epŠVH$s Vah ^JdËñdê$nH$mo wbm`m ^r Om gHo$ EogrA{dÚm epŠV JdmZ²‘| ahVr h¡. Bg A{dÚm epŠVHo$Ûmam JdX§eê$nOrd {ZO A§erHo$ ñdê$n ñd^md Am¡a gm‘Ï © H$mo yb H$a ñd §Ho$jwÐ ñdê$n Ed§ ñd^md Ho$ AYrZ AnZr jwÐ Ðï¥>Ëd-H$V©¥Ëd-^moŠV¥Ëdê$nm gm‘Ï`m}Ho$ H$maU brbm~moYgo d§{MV {ZOñdê$nH$mo{dñ‘¥V H$a àmUmÜ`mg AÝV…H$aUmÜ`mg BpÝÐ`mÜ`mg VWm XohmÜ`mg

go J«ñV hmo H$a AhÝVmHo$ gr{‘V ~moYgo VWm CZ AhÝVmñnXXohm{Xgo Ow‹S>o AÝ`mÝ` O‹S>-MoVZnXmWm]‘| gr{‘V ‘‘VmHo$ ^mdgo ~§YOmVm h¡. Bgo ‘hmà w ""`Vmo OJV² H«$sS>{V'' brbmHo$ {Zê${nVH$aVo h¢.

pñnZmoµOmgo Eogo Am¡n{Zf{XH$ {Zê$nUH$s Anojm `Ú{n Aàmg§{JH$ hrH$hbm oJr {’$a^r VwbZmË‘H$ {d‘em©W© Bg {df`‘| ^r CZHo$ Hw$N> CÒmam|H$moCÕ¥V H$a XoZm Mmhÿ§Jm:

H$.Jm°S> H$s gm‘Ï © CgHo$ ñdê$ngo An¥WH²${gÕ hr hmoVrh¡. I.{Og VahH$s ~w{Õ Am¡a H$m‘Zm h‘ Jm°S> ñdê$nH$moK‹S>Zodmbr ~w{Õ Am¡a H$m‘Zm Ho$ ê$n‘| XoIZm MmhVo h¢ do {OgVahH$s ~w{Õ Am¡a H$m‘Zm h‘mar hmoVr h¢ CZgo CÝh| gd©Wm {dgÑehr g‘PZr Mmqh o... Š`m|{H$ do Vmo Bg g¥{ï>H$s g^r dñVwAm|Ho$ñdê$n Am¡a gÎmm H$s H$maUê$nm hmoVr h¢. J.Jm°S> ñd § Am¡a CgHo$JwUY‘© H$mbmn[apÀN>ÝZ emídV hmoVo h¢ K.ì`{ï> dñVwE§ Jm°S> Ho$JwUY‘m]Ho$ n[aUm‘ `m J¥hrV ê$n hmoVr h¢. L>.H$moB© ^r EH$ ì`{ï>dñVw O¡gr {Z`V AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVmdmbr hmoVr CgH$s d¡gr {Z`{VJm°S> Zo hr {ZYm©[aV H$a Xr hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ Omo {Og Vah Jm°S>Ûmam {ZYm©[aV Z hmo d¡go CgH$m ñdVmo{ZYm©[aV hmoZm Agå^dh¡50.

Bg Vah XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ bm¡{H$H$ ~w{ÕOÝ` kmZ Am¡a bm¡{H$H$H$m‘Zm go {dgÑe ~moY Ed§ H$m‘ pñnZmoµOmH$mo ^r CZHo$ Jm°S> ‘| ‘mÝ` Vmo h¢ hr.VXZwgma `h g¥{ï> ^r bm¡{H$H$ brbmAm|go {dgÑe H$moB© ""AmßVH$m‘ñ`AmË‘Ý od AmË‘Zm gh AmË‘a‘UmpË‘Ho$ § ñn¥hm'' OÝ` Am{YX¡{dH$s brbmhmo Cg‘| Š`m Amn{Îm hmo gH$Vr h¡

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~Q´>|S> agobZo pñnZmoµOmH$s {MÝVZHo$ ~mao‘| EH$ ‘ZZr` {dYmZ {H$`m h¡ {H$""pñnZmo µOmH$s {MÝVZàUmbr EH$sH¥$V {dkmZHo$ ^mdr g§H${bVì`m»`mZHo$ àmê$n O¡gr h¡.''51 Bgr VahH$m {dYmZ {’«$˵Omo’$ H$màmZo AmYw{ZH${dkmZHo$ ~mao‘| AnZo à{gÕ "X VmAmo {’${µOŠg' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {H$`m h¡ {H$""ŠdmÝQ>‘ {WAar h‘| ~m{YV H$aVr h¡ {H$ h‘ OJV²H$mo ^m¡{VH$ dñVwAm|Ho$Ho$db g§KmVHo$ ê$n‘| XoIZoHo$ ~Om` {H$gr EH$sH¥$V g‘J« VÎdHo$ {d{dYA§Jm|Ho$ nañna O{Q>b OmbHo$ ê$n‘| XoIZoH$m à`mg H$a|.''52

BgHo$ Abmdm EH$ Am¡a AVrd ‘ZZr` CÒma hmb hr ’«$m§gHo$ à{gÕagm`Z{dkmZ‘| g§emoYZmW© Zmo~bnwañH$ma{dOoVm Á`m§ ‘m[aE boh²ZZo `hm§ ‘w§~B©Ho$g‘mMmanÌH$mo {X o gmjmËH$ma‘| àH$Q> {H$`m {H$-

MoVZmH$s VwbZm‘| OrdZ ‘oao{b o H$m’$s gab g‘ñ`m h¡.Š`m|{H$ AMoVZ Am¡a MoVZ nXmWm]H$s VwbZm‘| AOr{dV Am¡aOr{dV nXmWm]Ho$ ~rM ahm AÝVa ~hmoV {gHw$‹S> J`m h¡. àmH¥${VH${dH$mg‘| Eogm H¡$go hþdm hmoJm {H$ H$moB© dñVw Eogr àH$Q> hmo Om o{H$ dh {Oggo àH$Q>r h¡ CgHo$ ~mao‘| gmoM nm o? EH$ Eogm gm‘Ï ©{H$ Hw$N> àH¥${VH$m A§e hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX àH¥${Vgo {^ÝZVm ^rXagVm hmo

‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ Z Ho$db pñnZmoµOmH$m {MÝVZ hr A{nVw ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm`©H$m doXmÝVì`m»`mZ ^r BZ {déÕY‘m©l`r VÎdm|go Ow‹S>rg‘ñ`mAm|H$mo gwbPmZo‘| H$m‘ AmZodmbr d¡Mm[aH$ MmoIQ> AnZo H$m ©H$maU^mdVWm A§em§{e^md gå~ÝYr {dMmam|Ho$ Ûmam àXmZ H$aZodmbo {MÝVZ h¢.

gÝX^© 1.V.Xr.{Z.1&104 2.~«.gy.^m.1&1&1, VÌ¡d 1&1&3,

3.Ðï>ì` : ~«÷gyÌmUw mî`(3)Jmo.í`m.‘.{bpIV y{‘H$m. lrdëb^{dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boeà wMaU Am.hmo. Q´>ñQ>(H$moëhmnwa). àH$meZdf©:{d.g§.2045

4.~Q´>|S> agobH¥$V "{dµÁS>‘ Am°’$ doñQ>' n¥.201.H«o$µO|Q> ~wŠg Ý`y`mH©$àH$meZdf©:1989. {db Sy>am§H¥$V "X ñQ>m°ar Am°’$ {’$bm°g’$s' àH$.4, VWmdŠg© Am°’$ pñnZmoµOm mJ-2:g§H${bV nÌì`dhma n¥.298. S>m°da npãbHo$eÝg²,AmB©EZgr. Ý y mH©$. àH$meZdf©:1951. Ama.EM.E‘.EpëdgH¥$V Am§½bmZwdmXHo$VÎmX² A§em|H$m {hÝXr-AZwdmX àñVwV {Z~ÝYH$maÛmam.

5.nmíMmË`Xe©Zo{Vhmg:pñnZmoµOmàH$aU:"{hñQ>m°ar Am°’$ ‘m°S>Z© {’$bm°g’$s'-bo.[aMmS©> ’$mëH$Z~J©, "X ~o{µOH$ Q>rqMJ Am°’$ X J«oQ> {’$bm°g’$a'-bo.Eg.B©.’«$mñQ>, "X ñQ>m°ar Am°’$ {’$bm°g’$s'-bo.{db Sy>am§.

6.V.Xr.{Z.à.1&23,lrdëb^{dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boeà^wMaU Am.hmo.Q´>ñQ>(H$moëhmnwa). àH$meZdf©:{gÕm.‘wŠVm.3-5,

7.Ðï>.^J.JrVm.^mJ.nwam. , 8.Ðï>.^J.JrVm. ^mJ.nwam. , 9.dŠg© Am°’$ pñnZmoµOm X {à’o$g n¥.9, 10.V.Xr.{Z.à.Am.1&7-12,lrdëb^{dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boeà wMaU Am.hmo.

Q´ >ñQ>(H$m oëhmnwa). àH$meZdf©:2039. à.a.lrdëb^- {dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boeà wMaU Am.hmo. Q´>ñQ>(H$moëhmnwa). àH$meZdf©:2056.

11.pñnZmoµOmg² ÌoŠVg X BÝVboŠV B©‘m§XoeZ=EM.EM.OmoAm{H$‘ n¥.25-33Am°Šg’$S©> àH$m.df©:1958.

12.VÌ¡d n[a.7 n¥.101, 103 13.~«.gy.^m.1&2&32 14.Xr E{WŠg.H$.n[a^mfm-1&6, I.{ZîH$f©.1&14&1-2 VWm J.à{Vkm.1&15 15.Xr E{WŠg.H$.1&30, I.1&15 16.V.Xr.{Z.1&58-65 17.Xr E{WŠg. H$.à{Vkm.1&14/ I.1&14-{ZîH$f©-1. J.1&14/{ZîH$f©-

2. K.1&16/{ZîH$f©-1. L>.1&17, M.1&17/à‘mU-1, N>.1&17/{ZîH$f©-1, O.1&25.VWm VÌ¡d à‘mU.

243 244

18.àñWmZaËZmH$a n¥.39,44.lrdëb^{dÚmnrR> lr{dÆ>boeà^wMaUAm.hmo.Q´>ñQ>(H$moëhmnwa) àH$meZdf©:{d.g§.2056.

19.{gÕmÝVboeg§J«h:1&17-27. 20.~«÷gyÌ^mñH$a^mî`:2&1&14. 21.Xr E{WŠg:à{Vkm.1&24-à‘mU. 22.~«÷gyÌmUw mî`:1&4&23. 23.N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&1&4. 24.N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&10. 25.Ðï>.gd©.4&6, 7&4-6-10-14 VWm Jr.g§.4&6-9, 7&6-14. 26.~«÷gyÌlrH$a^mî`:1&1&19. 27.VÌ¡d:1&4&24. 28.Xr E{WŠg:H$.2&19. I.2&22. J.2&23. K.VÌ¡d:2&22. 29.VÌ¡d:H$.à{V.1&18 VWm à‘m. I.à{V.1&18, J.à{V.1&19,

K.à{V.1&20-{ZîH$.2. 30.‘hm^mî`:1&1&1. 31.Ðï>ì`.~«÷gyÌmUw mî`-àH$me:2&2&26-27. 32.Xr E{WŠg:H$.à{Vkm.1&1, I.à‘mU.1&4, J.à{Vkm.1&6,

K.à{Vkm.1&8/{Q>ßnUr-2. 33.N>mÝXmo.Cn.1&2&1, VÌ¡d.3&14&1, nwéfgyŠV.2. 34.^J.JrVm.2&16. 35.à.a.n¥.189. 36.Xr E{WŠg:n[a^mfm.1&5. 37.N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&10. 38.V¡{Îm.Cn.3&5. 39.Xr E{WŠg:H$.à{Vkm.2&1, I.à{Vkm.2&2, J.pñnZmoµOm'g² H$m°añnm°ÝSo>g²

boQ>a.15. 40.YmVwnmR>.{Xdm{X-43-VÌ¡d-90.

41.V.Xr.{Z.1&72. 42.V¡{Îm.Ama.3&12&7-‘hmZmam.Cn.1&5. 43.~«÷gyÌ.2&1&33. 44.‘mÊSw>.Cn.Jm¡‹S>nmXH$m[aH$m.1&7-9. 45.VÌ¡d. 46.ídoVm.Cn.6&1. 47.~«.gy.^m.1&3&15. 48.ídoVmídVamon{ZfX².6&8. 49.gw~mo.1&1&4 VWm gw~mo.1&1&17. 50.H$.Xr E{WŠg.1&34, I.VÌ¡d.à{Vkm.1&17-{ZîH$f©.2-{Q>ßnUr,

J.VÌ¡d.1&19. K.VÌ¡d.1&25-{ZîH$f©, L>.VÌ¡d.1&26. 51.{dµÁS>‘ Am°’$ doñQ>, n¥. 52."X VmAmo {’${µOŠg'-bo.{’«$˵O H$màm. n¥.138V¥Vr` g§ñH$aU e§ b àH$meZ

~moñQ>Z àH$m.df©:1991.

245 246

dmëb^doXmÝV {Z~ÝY g§J«h: Y‘©

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a brbmdmX Ho$ gÝX ©‘| ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`H$s‘r‘m§gm

Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm Am¡a {díd‘| empÝV

lrñdm{‘Zmam`U ‘Vr` doXmÝV{gÕmÝV Am¡a ^pŠVgmYZmH$s {dH$gZà{H«$`m(1)

lrñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` Xe©Z{gÕmÝV Am¡a ^pŠVgmYZm H$s{dH$gZà{H«$`m(2) (gmYw lrlw{VàH$meXmgOrHo$g‘mYmZmË‘H$ AmboInÌH$s g‘rjm)

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a brbmdmX Ho$ gÝX ©‘|ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`H$s ‘r‘m§gm

Am¡nH«${‘H$ nyd©nj : 1ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma H$s OmVr JdÀN>aUmJ{VHo$ CnXoe‘| {Z…gmYZVmH$s

^mdZmH$m CnXoe ‘Zwî`H$mo AH$‘©Ê` ~ZmVm h¡. 2na‘oídaH$mo H$Vm©-H$ma{`VmAm¡a g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>H$mo brbmHo$ ê$n‘| àñVwV H$aZodmbo Bg {gÕmÝVHo$ H$maUOrdmË‘mH$mo ñd §Ho$ nwéfmW©‘| {dídmg ImoZoH$m àg§J Am o {~Zm Zht ah gH$Vm.AV… 3ewÕmÛ¡VdmX H¥$V H$‘m]Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{`ËdH$s ^mdZm IV‘ H$aZodmbr{dMmaYmam bJVr h¡. 4H$‘©Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{`ËdH$mo Jm¡U ~ZmZona H$‘©Ho$ ~mao‘|gXgX²{ddoH$H$s epŠVHo$ à`moJH$s àoaUm ^r é§Y OmVr hmo Eogm bJVm h¡. AV…h‘mam 5~moYñdmVÝÍ` BÀN>mñdmVÝÍ` Am¡a à`ËZñdmVÝÍ` `{X h‘ Zht ñdrH$maVoVmo Y‘m©Y‘©H$m {d^mJ ^r {Z^ Zht nmVm. 6n[aUm‘ê$noU ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`Ho$A^md‘| nw{ï>gåàXm`Ho$ ^r {d{Y-{ZfoY AÝV‘| AW©hrZ gm{~V hm|Jo. AV… `h‘wX²Xm Jå^ra {dMmaUm ‘m§JVm h¡.

Bg g‘ñ`mH$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZogo nhbo EH$ à‘wI àíZ `h {dMmaUr` h¡{H$ OJV²H$m ‘yb H$maU `{X ~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² Z hmo Vmo Xygam Am¡a Š`mhmo gH$Vm h¡?

ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` O‹S>{H«$`mHo$ de ~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ gÝX ©‘| : O‹S>ê$n‘| ^m{gV hmoVm `h ~«÷mÊS> ñd §H$s O‹S>ê$n H$maUmdñWm‘| àH$Q>r

{H$gr O‹S>à{H«$`mHo$ H$maU hr Bg H$m`m©dñWm‘| àH${Q>V hmo Vmo H$maUmdñWm‘|Š`m CËn{Îmà{H«$`mH$mo ñdV…{gÕ AWm©V² ñd^md{gÕ ‘mZZr? AWdm Vmo naV…{gÕAWm©V² ~mh² à^mdHo$ H$maU àH${Q>V ‘mZZr? `{X ~mh² à^mdHo$ H$maU ‘mZVoh¢ Vmo AÝV‘| AZdñWm Xmof àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ d¡gm ñdrH$maZo na BgAZwÎm[aV àíZH$mo hm§go YHo$b H$a dhm§ oOm Om ahm h¡ naÝVw EVmdVm {ZamH$aUVmo hmo Zht nmVm. AV… `{X ñdm^m{dH$ à{H«$`mHo$ ê$n‘| CËn{Îm ñdrH$maVo h¢ VmoAnZo ~moY BÀN>m `m à`ËZ Ho$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$mo ^r Cg ñd^mdHo$ AmYrZ ñdrH$maZm

247 248

n‹S>oJm. A~ `{X O‹S>{Z`‘m|Ho$ AmYrZ ‘Zwî`‘| ~moY BÀN>m Am¡a à`ËZ CËnÝZhmoVo ñdrH$maVo hm| Vmo CÝh| ~«÷Ho$ AmYrZ CËnÝZ hmoVo ñdrH$maZo‘| ^r Amn{ÎmVmo hmoZr Zht Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ EoH$mpÝVH$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$m nj Vmo Bg H$ën‘| N>mo‹S>hr {X`m J`m h¡.

Bg g‘ñ`mHo$ g‘mYmZê$noU Eogr ^r EH$ YmaUm àñVwV H$s OmVr h¡ {H$g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>H$mo EH$ H$m © ‘mZ H$a CgHo$ {H$gr EH$ H$Vm©H$s ImoO ñd §‘| EH$µJbV ewéAmV h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷mÊS> Vmo H$m ©-H$maU-AdñWmH$s {ZaÝVa MbVrEH$ e¥§Ibm h¡. AV… Cg‘| àË oH$ H$m ©H$m H$moB© EH$ {ZpíMV H$maU ImoOm OmgH$Vm h¡ naÝVw H$m ©g‘{ï>H$s H$maUg‘{ï> ImoOZoH$s Ym§Yb EH$ yb ^ar{dMmaar{V h¡. CXmhaUê$noU H$moB© d§e nÀMrg nr‹T>r ("H$' go "‘') VH$ Mbmhmo Vmo nÀMrg‘| "‘' ì`pŠVgo Amaå^ H$a "I' ì`pŠV VH$ H$m¡Z {H$gH$m {nVm`h ImoO~rZHo$ ~mX OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡. ~mX‘| H$moB© nyN>o {H$ A~ `h ~VmAmo{H$ "H$' go "‘' VH$ Mbo g‘J« "H$-‘'d§eH$m {nVm H$m¡Z? Vmo Bg‘| Ü`mZ‘|aIZo bm`H$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ "H$'Ho$ {nVmHo$ ê$n‘| "A…'H$mo ImoO ^r b| naÝVwCg "A…'H$m {nV¥Ëd ^r "H$' Ho$ hoVw hr gr{‘V ahoJm. Cgo g‘J« "H$-‘' d§eHo${nVmHo$ ê$n‘| Xagm`m Zht Om gHo$Jm.

Bg {dMmagaUrHo$ AZwgma ~«÷mÊS>g‘{ï>Ho$ gd©H$Vm© `m gd©H$maU hmoZoHo$ê$n‘| ~«÷ `m na‘oída H$mo ZH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg AñdrH$maHo$ ~mdOyX "H$'go "‘' VH$H$s H$m ©e¥§Ibm‘| àË oH$ "H$' "I' Am{XH$s "I' `m "J' Am{XH$moCËnÝZ H$aZoH$s gm‘Ï © ñdV…{gÕ ‘mZZr n‹S>oJr. AV… Eogo O‹S> `m MoVZñd^mdHo$ AmYrZ "H$' go "‘' VH$H$m ñdmVÝÍ` ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. AÝ`WmVmo CËnmXZ ñd^md{gÕ naÝVw CËnÝZ hmoZodmbo CZ-CZ ì`pŠVAm|H$s AÝ` g^r{H«$`mAm|H$mo ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`go ‘pÊS>V H$aZo na Vmo dh ñdmVÝÍ` {’$a {H$gr{ZpíMV Xm`ao‘| {ha-{’$a gH$Zo `m CR>-~¡R> gH$Zodmbo Iy§Q>rgo ~§Yo ~¡bHo$ O¡goñdmVÝÍ`H$s Vah hr àH$Q> hmoJm. Am¡a Bg VahHo$ g§Hw${MV gm‘Ï ©Ho$ ~mao‘| `{XAmn{Îm Z hmo Vmo, AWm©V² AH$‘©Ê` ~ZmZodmbr YmaUm bJVr Z hmo Vmo, ~«÷Ho$~mao‘| ^r Bgr Vah gmoMZm Mm{h o.

AV… gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²go g¥{ï>H$s CËn{ÎmH$s YmaUm;AWdm Vmo O‹S> nXmWm]H$s nañna H$maU-H$m © mdH$s e¥§Ibm‘| {ZaÝVa CËnÝZhmoVr g¥{ï>H$s YmaUm, BZ XmoZm| YmaUmAm|Ho$ ~rM‘| AÝVa BVZm gm hr ah OmVmh¡ {H$ EH$ YmaUmHo$ AZwgma H$maU MoVZ h¡ Vmo Xygar YmaUmHo$ AZwgma O‹S>.XmoZm|‘|go {H$gr ^r EH$go CËnÝZ hmoZodmbo H$m ©na H$maUnXmW©H$s OH$‹S>‘| oXàH$Q> Zht hmoVm

`Ú{n ^JdmZ² ~wÕZo Bg g‘ñ`mHo$ g‘mYmZmW© {H$gr ^r EH$ H$maUgoH$m ©H$s CËn{Îm ñdrH$maZo ~Om` H$maUV`m Ad^m{gV ~hmoV gmao nXmWm]Ho$EH${ÌV hmoZo na H$m ©H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ Am^mgH$m {gÕmÝV àñWm{nV {H$`m Wm.Bg‘| H$maU Am¡a H$m © XmoZm| AgV² hmoZo na ^r Ho${bS>moñH$m°n²Ho$ ^rVa a§J{~a§JoMy{‹S>`m|Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>o O¡go {S>µOmBZ²H$m Am^mg àH$Q> H$aVo h¢ d¡go hr AZoH$ hoVwAm|Ho$g§KmV‘| H$m ©-H$maU^mdH$m Am^mg àH$Q> hmoVm ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Bg ê$n‘|XoIZo na {ZamË‘H$ Ðì`m|Ho$ g§KmV‘| AmË‘m^mgê$nm ì`pŠVMoVZm H$m ©ê$n‘| `mH$maUê$n‘| EH$ Am^mg hr {gÕ hmoVr h¡, dñVw yV Zht. `m| ì`pŠVMoVZm ñd §`{X Am^mg hmo Vmo Cg‘| AZw yV ñdVÝÌVm ^r EH$ Am^mg hr {gÕ hmoJr. A~~hþ{dY hoVwgm‘J«rHo$ H$maU Ad^m{gV hmoVr ì`pŠVMoVZmH$m ñdmVÝÍ` `m^JdëbrbmHo$ H$maU Ad^m{gV hmoVr ì`pŠVMoVZmH$m ñdmVÝÍ`, XmoZm| hrAÝV‘| Vmo EoH$mpÝVH$ gË` Z hmo H$a Am§{eH$ gË` hr {gÕ hmo nm |Jo. Bg ~mao‘|~m¡Õ Am¡a dmëb^ {MÝVZHo$ ~rM ‘V oX ah Zht OmVm h¡.

ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` MoVZH$‘©go ~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ gÝX ©‘| : A~ O‹S> ñd §H$mo `m XygaoH$mo XoI `m OmZ Zht nmVm naÝVw gMoVZ àmUr

ñd §H$mo ^r Am¡a AnZogo BVaH$mo ^r XoI-OmZ nmVm h¡. Bg VÏ`Ho$ AmYmanaO‹S>mdñWm‘| `Ú{n g^r Hw$N> ñd^mdmYrZ hmoZo na ^r {dH${gV AdñWm‘|M¡VÝ`H$s Vah ñdmVÝÍ` ^r àH$Q> hmoVm ñdrH$ma| Vmo ~«÷mÊS>H$s g‘J«Vm‘| BgMoVZm `m ñdmVÝÍ` H$mo `m Vmo AmH$pñ‘H$ ñdrH$maZr n‹S>oJr AWdm Vmo O‹S>nXmW©‘| {ZJy‹T> ahZodmbr gå^mì`Vm (potentiality) `m epŠV (power) .Eogr gå^mì`Vm `m epŠV Ho$ H$maU `{X ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo Cgo dñVw mWmÏ ©(Reality) ‘| n[aUV H$aZodmbo n[a~b H¡$go `m Š`m ‘mZZ|? Š`m O‹S> nXmW©Ho$

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{Z`‘m|H$mo CZHo$ AmYrZ ‘mZZm `m ñdVÝÌ? O‹S> nXmW©Ho$ {Z`‘m|Ho$ AmYrZ‘mZZona ~mV dhm§H$s dht bm¡Q> AmVr h¡. Am¡a Cgo ñdVÝÌ ‘mZZona CZn[a~bm|H$m ñdmVÝÍ` à‘wI ñdmVÝÍ` H$hm Om oJm naÝVw ‘mZdr` ~w{Õ BÀN>m`m à`ËZ H$m ñdmVÝÍ` nwZ… ñd §go BVa {H$grna Adbpå~V {gÕ hmoJm.

AV… ~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{Îm-pñW{V-àb` {H«$`mHo$ AÝVJ©V àH$Q> hmoZodmbr{d{dY O‹S> {H«$`mAm|H$mo hr {H$gr V~µHo$na Om H$a h‘| gMoVZ nXmW©Ho$ H$‘©V`mê$nmÝV[aV hmoVm ñdrH$maZm hmo Vmo dh eŠ` h¡. Cg H$‘©H$mo, naÝVw, `m Vmo1ñd^mdê$n ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm `m 2OrdZ{Zdm©hmW© g§Kf©‘` dmVmdaU‘| ñd`§H$moAWdm Vmo ñd §Ho$ d§egmVË`H$mo ~Mm o aIZoHo$ Cnm`ê$noU {dH${gV gm‘Ï ©Ho$ê$n‘| ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AWm©V² H$amo‹S>m| dfm]go Mb aho g§Kf©‘| {dH${gV AmZwd§{eH$gm‘Ï ©Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. 3AWdm Vmo ~«÷ O¡go VÎdHo$ ApñVËdH$mo ñdrH$mao{~Zm ^r pñWampñWaMoVZm `m àdmhpñWaMoVZm Ho$ AZoH$ nyd©OÝ‘Ho$ H$‘m]Ho${Z`‘ `m dmgZm Ho$ H$maU {dH${gV hþ r gm‘Ï ©Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm.

1Bg‘| àW‘ nj AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ àmXw m©dgo nhbo ^m¡{VH$dm{XAm|H$mo,O¡go {H$ AnZo Xoe‘| Mmdm©H$ Am{X hþdo CZH$mo, ‘mÝ` nj h¡. Eogo ~MH$mZo^m¡{VH$dmXH$mo, naÝVw, AmO H$moB© ^r ñdrH$maVm Zht h¡.

2Xygam nj AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZÛmam àñVwV hmoZodmbm nj h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| EH$~mV A{Ve` `mX aIZo bm`H$ `h h¡ {H$ AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ AZwgma ‘mZdr`MoVZm ñd § EH$ nXmW© Z hmo H$a BboH²$Q´>mo-Ho${‘H$b² ñnÝXZ `m ~m`moHo${‘H$b²H$ånmC§S²> Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` Hw$N> hmo Zht gH$Vr. Vmo CgHo$ H$maU hmoVo ~moYBÀN>m `m à`ËZ H$m ñdmVÝÍ` ^r ~«oBZH$s AZyR>r g§aMZm AWdm Vmo Cg‘|gånÝZ hmoVr EH$ à{H«$`m h¡, Bgo AbJ àH$maH$s {Mßg² {~R>mZo na, AWm©V²AYwZm{dH${gV OoZo{Q>H$ Q>oH²$ZmobmoOrHo$ H$maU ‘Zng§X gm§Mo‘| àH$Q> {H$`mgH$Vm h¡. CgHo$ H$maU Z o T>§Jgo gwYmam `m {dH${gV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Eogo^rfU ‘mo‹S>na O~ d¡km{ZH$ {dH$mg nhþ§M ahm hmo V~ ~moYñdmVÝÍ` `mBÀN>mñdmVÝÍ` `m à`ËZñdmVÝÍ` H$m dñVw{Zð> ‘yë` {H$VZm ~M nm oJm?

3Vrgao njHo$ AÝVJ©V àW‘ nj O¡Zm|Ho$ {MÝVZÛmam àñVwV hþdm h¡. O~{H$VrgaoHo$ AÝVJ©V {ÛVr` nj ~m¡Õm|Ho$ {MÝVZÛmam àñVwV hþdm h¡. Cg‘| O¡Z{MÝVZ OrdmË‘mH$mo, AnZo AZoH$mÝVdmXr A{^àm`Ho$ AZwê$n, pñWampñWaMoVZm ‘mZVm h¡. ~m¡Õ {MÝVZ, O~{H$, OrdmË‘mH$mo AZm{XgmÝV MoVZmàdmhHo$ê$n‘| ñdrH$maVm h¡.

BZ XmoZm| {MÝVZmo‘| Ag§»` nyd©OÝ‘mo‘| {H$ o J o H$‘©’$b `m H$‘©dmgZm Ho$H$maU ‘Zwî`Ho$ dV©‘mZ OÝ‘m{YJV ~moY BÀN>m `m à`ËZ n§{H$b ‘mZo J o h¢.na nyd©OÝ‘m|‘| h‘ H$^r dZñn{V Vmo H$^r H$sQ> garg¥n ObMa WbMa `mZ^Ma ^r Adí` ~Zo hm|Jo hr. BZ `mo{ZAmo‘| ñdmVÝÍ`H$mo {Z^m nm | Eogm~moYepŠVH$m {dH$mg gmoMm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. AV… VÝ‘ybH$ BÀN>mñdmVÝÍ``m à`ËZñdmVÝÍ` H$s Vmo H$ënZm hr AeŠ`àm` h¡. A~ H$‘©{Z`‘ Omo O‹S> hmoVmo Ho$db ‘mZd`mo{ZH$mo hr bmJy n‹S>Vo h¢ ‘mZdoVa `mo{ZH$mo Zht Eogm H¡$go H$hmOm gH$Vm h¡? dmVmdaU m JwéËdmH$f©U Ho$ O‹S>{Z`‘ g^r mo{ZAm|Ho$ àm{UAm|nag‘mZê$noU à^mdembr hmoVo h¢. VXwnam§V Mm¡amgr bmI `mo{ZAm|‘| {H$ o H$‘m]Ho$’$bH$m à^md ApÝV‘ ‘mZd`mo{Z‘| {ZañV hmo H$a AMmZH$ ñdVÝÌVm `{XàXmZ H$aVm hmo Vmo dh Vmo n§I H$mQ> H$a njrH$mo ntOao‘|go ‘wŠV H$aZo O¡gr ~mVbJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ O~ VH$ ‘mZdoVa `mo{ZAm|‘| {H$ o J o H$‘m]Ho$ ’$bgo `mCgH$s dmgZmgo ^r Omo ‘wpŠV Xr Zht OmVr V~ VH$ ~moYoÀN>mà`ËZñdmVÝÍ`H$m‘yë` {H$VZm?

bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV Bg‘| `h h¡ {H$ ‘mZd O¡go gm‘m{OH$ newHo$CXmhaU‘| Vmo CgHo$ d¡ pŠVH$ H$‘©H$s Vah gm‘wXm{`H$ H$‘©H$m ^r CÎmaXm{`ËdCgH$m ñdrH$mao {~Zm H$moB© Mmam Zht. VXwnam§V d¡ pŠVH$ ~moY BÀN>m `m `ËZH$s Vah gm‘wXm{`H$ ~moY BÀN>m `m `ËZ H$m nañna VmaVå` Am¡a nañnaà^mdOZH$Vm r ñdrH$maZr n‹S>Vr hr h¡. OmnmZ XoeH$s gaH$maZo Xygao {díd wÕHo$g‘` gm‘«mÁ`dmXr Zr{V AnZm br Wr. CgHo$ n[aUm‘ê$noU {hamo{e‘m-ZmJmgmH$sHo$ {H$VZo {ZXm}f ZmJ[aH$m|H$mo AUw~‘H$s {dZmeH$mar ÁdmbmAmo‘|Ob H$a amI ~ZZm n‹S>m Wm Eogr n[apñW{V‘| ì`pŠVJV ~moY BÀN>m `m à`ËZ‘| AZw yV hmoVr ñdVÝÌVmH$m ‘yë` {H$VZm ~M OmVm h¡

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AV… gMoVZ àm{UAm|Ho$ H$‘©go àH$Q> hmoVo ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gÝX ©‘| ^r ì`pŠVH$m~moYoÀN>mà`ËZñdmVÝÍ` AjwÊU Vmo Zht ah nmVm.

ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` gm‘m{OH$ àmUr `m ‘mZdr` ì`dhma Ho$ gÝX ©‘| : Bg erf©H$Ho$ AÝVJ©V Mma àH$mamHo$ ñdmVÝÍ` {dMmao Om gH$Vo h¢ :

1H$mZyZr ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`, 2Z¡{VH$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`, 3Ym{‘©H$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`;Am¡a 4^pŠV‘mJu` ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`.

1H$mZyZr ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` : H$moB© ^r g‘mO CgHo$ {bpIV `m A{bpIVH$mZyZHo$ {~Zm {Q>H$ Zht gH$Vm h¡. AV… g‘mO hr ì`pŠVH$mo H$mZyZrì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` àXmZ H$aVm h¡. `h H$mZyZr ñdmVÝÍ` Z Vmo ñdm^m{dH$ hmoVmh¡ Am¡a Z EoH$mpÝVH$ hr. VXwnam§V VÎmX² Xoe-H$mb‘| VÎmV² g‘mO AnZo-AnZoZ o-Z o H$m`Xo-H$mZyZ K‹S>Vo aho Wo, ahVo h¢ Am¡a K‹S>Vo ah|Jo. nhbo H$^r Xmoì`pŠV AnZo {ddmX `m An‘mZ Ho$ {ZH$mbHo$ hoVw VbdmaHo$ ÛÝÛ wÕmW© EH$-XygaoH$mo bbH$maVo Wo. Bg‘| `{X {H$gH$s OmZ {ZH$b Om o Vmo OmZ boZodmboH$mohË`mH$m AnamYr Zhr ‘mZm OmVm Wm. V~ Eogm àmUKmVH$ ñdmVÝÍ` ‘mÝ` Wm.A~ {H$gr ^r gä` g‘mO‘| Eogo ñdmVÝÍ`H$mo ‘mÝ`Vm àXmZ Zht H$s OmVr.AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ì`pŠVH$m H$mZyZr H$‘©ñdmVÝÍ` g‘mOÛmam àXÎm Am¡aVÎmV² g‘mOH$s VÎmX² Xoe-H$mbH$s ‘mÝ`VmAm|na {Z ©a hmoVm h¡. ñdm^m{dH$ `mEoH$mpÝVH$ Zht. `hr ~mV ~moY, A{^ì`pŠV, BÀN>m `m à`ËZ Ho$ ñdmVÝÍ`Ho$~mao‘| ^r h‘ bmJy H$a gH$Vo h¢. H$B© ~mV| ì`pŠV OmZ bo; `m OmZ J`m hmoVmo gaoAm‘ Cgo àH$Q> H$aVm {’$ao; AWdm Vmo g‘mO‘| à{V~§{YV H$s J`r {H$gr~mVHo$ H$moB© ‘Zgy~o aI H$a f‹S>`ÝÌ K‹S>Vo hþdo nH$‹S>m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r g‘mOì`pŠVH$mo AnamYr Kmo{fV H$a XÊS>Zr` ‘mZ boVm h¡.

AWm©V² ‘moQ>o Vm¡ana àË oH$ ì`pŠVHo$ ~moY `m BÀN>m H$mo K‹S>Zo‘| g‘mOH$màXmZ ~‹S>m ^mar hmoVm h¡. AV… EH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì`pŠV ñd §Ho$ ~moY `m BÀN>mHo$ AZwê$n H$moB© à`ËZ H$aZm MmhVm hmo V~ ^r CgH$m g‘mOHo$ AZwê$n hmoZm

`m g‘mOÛmam AZwkßV hmoZm A{Zdm © hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ à`ËZ H$a nmZo‘|AZwHy$b dmVmdaU g‘mO hr ì`pŠVH$mo CnbãY H$amVm h¡. A~ `{X `hm§ Eogog‘mOmYrZ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`Ho$ H$maU AH$‘©Ê` `m AnwéfmWu hmoZo‘| Amn{ÎmbJVr Z hmo Vmo na‘oídamYrZ OrdñdmVÝÍ` Š`m| Amn{ÎmOZH$ bJVm h¡?

2Z¡{VH$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` : Zr{VemñÌ‘| {H$gr ^r H¥$Ë`Ho$ Z¡{VH$ ‘yë`m§H$ZHo$hoVw Hw$N> H$gm¡Q>r {dMmar J`r h¢. CXmhaUV`m H$moB© H¥$Ë` H$mZyZH$s Ñ{ï>goAmn{ÎmOZH$ Z ^r hmo V~ ^r Zr{VH$s Ñ{ï>go A wŠV hmo gH$Vm h¡. Bgr VahH$mZyZH$s Ñ{ï>go H$moB© H¥$Ë` Amn{ÎmOZH$ bJVm hmo V~ ^r Z¡{VH$ Ñ{ï>goAZwgaUr` hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… H$mZyZr AnamYH$m XÊS> ~mh² , emar[aH$ `mAm{W©H$ Am{X, ê$nm|‘| hmoVm h¡. Zr{VH$m XÊS>, naÝVw, ñd §H$s AÝVamË‘mH$moH$MmoQ>Zodmbm hmoVm h¡. H$mZyZHo$ Omb‘| H$ht ^r ’§$g Z nm o Eogr gånyU©gmdYmZr ~aV H$a EH$ ì`pŠV O~ {H$gr Xygao ì`pŠVH$m A{hV H$aVm h¡ V~dh H¥$Ë` CgHo$ AÝVamË‘mH$mo Vmo H$MmoQ>Vm hr h¡. H$mZyZH$s Ñ{ï>go à{V~pÝYVhmoZo na ^r AÝVamË‘mH$s Z¡{VH$ àoaUmHo$ AmYrZ hmo H$a ‘hmË‘m Jm§YrZo M§nmaZ{Obo‘| àdoe {H$`m Wm Am¡a A§J«oµO Ý`m`mYreH$mo A§J«oµOr H$m`XoHo$ AZwgma OmoXÊS> `mo½` hmo CÝh| XoZoH$mo ~o{PPH$ bbH$mam ^r Wm

AV… Zr{VemñÌÛmam {dMm[aV AZoH$ {ZH$fm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V Hw$N> {ZH$f `m|Xagm`o J`o h¢ : H$""~hþOZ gwIm`'', I""~hþOZ {hVm`'', J""AmË‘Z…à{VHy$bm{Z naofm§ Z g‘mMaoV²''. BZHo$ AÝVJ©V àW‘ Am¡a Xygao H$-IH$ënm|H$s~m~V‘| h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g‘mOHo$ {H$gr EH$ ì`pŠVHo$ H¥$Ë`go ~hmoV gmaobmoJm|H$m gwI `m {hV `{X {gÕ Z hmoVm hmo Vmo Eogm H¥$Ë` AZ¡{VH$ H¥$Ë` ~ZOmVm h¡. `h VÏ` {H$gr gr‘mVH$ gM bJVm hmoZona ^r H¡$go H¥$Ë`Ho$ H$maUg‘mOHo$ ~hþg§»` OZm|H$mo H$ï> `m CZH$m A{hV hmoVm h¡ Bg‘| ^r H$mb oXdeg‘mO‘| ~hþ‘VH$m EH$‘V hmoZm A{Zdm © Zht hmoVm. {dYdm{ddmh m OmVnm§VHo$oXm|H$mo qhXwg‘mO‘|go Xya H$aZoH$mo qhXwAm|H$m ~hþ‘V nhbo ñd §H$m A{hV ‘mZVm

Wm. A~ Bg‘| ñd §H$m {hV ‘mZZo bJm h¡. A~ ñd § g‘mO‘| hr Omo d¡Mm[aH$n[adV©Zm|Ho$ à{V EH$ê$n YmaUm {Z^Vr Z hmo Vmo ì`pŠVH$mo AnZo H¡$go H¥$Ë`H$moZ¡{VH$ ‘mZZm `m H¡$go H¥$Ë`H$mo AZ¡{VH$? AWm©V² OmVnm§VHo$ oX ñdrH$maZo `m

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Z ñdrH$maZo? {H$g‘| ì`pŠVH$s Zr{V‘Îmm àH$Q> hmoJr? AmO {ddmhg§ñWmH$mo~ÝYZH$mar ‘mZ H$a ñÌrnwéfm|Ho$ A{ddm{hV ghOrdZ‘| AZ¡{VH$Vm O¡gr H$moB©~mV Z ‘mZZo H$B© bmoJ Iwe h¢ Vmo AÝ` ZmIwe. Bg‘| ~hþOZgwI `m ~hþOZ{hVH$m {ZYm©a H$aZm H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡.

JAV… AÝV‘| ""AmË‘Z… à{VHy$bm{Z naofm§ Z g‘mMaoV²'' gyÌH$moZ¡{VH$VmHo$ {ZH$fHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZoH$mo Eogo H$hm Om o {H$ h‘mao gmW {H$ o OmVoO¡go ì`dhmaH$mo h‘ `mo½` Z ‘mZVo hm|, d¡gm ì`dhma h‘| ^r Xygam|Ho$ gmW H$aZmZht Mm{h o. Z¡{VH$VmHo$ Eogo AmXe©‘| ^r Hw$N> H${R>ZmB© m§ Vmo h¢ hr. Š`m|{H$ñd`§H$mo ‘ma {X`o OmZoH$s nadmh Z H$aZodmboH$m Xygao {H$grH$mo ‘maZoH$mA{YH$ma Z¡{VH$ ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Š`m? CXmhaUV`m Ý y moH©$ ehaHo$ W.T.C.

Ho$ XmoZm| Q>mdg©²Ho$ gmW AnZo {d‘mZm|H$mo Q>H$am H$a ñd § Am¡a AÝ` AZoH${ZXm}fm|H$mo ‘ma XoZodmbo CX²Xm‘dm{XAm|H$m H¥$Ë` Š`m Z¡{VH$ H¥$Ë`Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ`aIm Om gH$Vm h¡? AV… d¡ pŠVH$ ~moY BÀN>m `m à`ËZ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ~moYBÀN>m `m à`ËZ Ho$ ~rM {damoYm^mgH$m àíZ {dH$amb ~Z OmVm h¡. ‘moQ>o Vm¡anaì`pŠV g‘mOH$m A§J hmoZogo CgHo$ ~moY BÀN>m `m à`ËZ ^r g‘mOHo$ ~moYBÀN>m `m à`ËZ Ho$ A§J hmoZo Mm{h o Bg ‘mÝ`VmHo$ AmXe©Ho$ AZwê$n ì`pŠVH$mog‘mO{damoYr {Za§Hw$e ñdmVÝÍ` àXmZ H$aZm g‘mO‘| ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nmVm h¡. A~`hm§ `{X g‘mOmYrZ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`H$s YmaUmH$m A§JrH$ma Amn{ÎmOZH$ ZbJVm hmo Vmo ~«÷mYrZ OrdñdmVÝÍ` ^r Amn{ÎmOZH$ bJZm Vmo Zht Mm{h o.

3Ym{‘©H$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` : Y‘m]Ho$ Xmo dJ© à‘wI {XIbm`r XoVo h¢. EH$ dJ©Bg g¥{ï>H$s Vah Ym{‘©H$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|H$mo ^r ídar` {dYmZ {JZZodmbm|H$m h¡.Xygam dJ© g¥{ï>H$Vm©Ho$ ê$n‘| ídaH$mo ZH$maZodmbm|H$m hmoZogo {gÕ nwéfm|Ho$ {Xì`kmZHo$ AmYmana gmjmËH¥$V Y‘©{Z`‘m|H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbm|H$m h¡. BZ XmoZm|‘|goH$moB© ^r Y‘©gåàXm` AnZo-AnZo Y‘©J«ÝWm|‘| {‘bVo {d{Y-{ZfoYm|go {déÕ ZOmVo hmoZo na hr CVZo A§em|‘| Ho$db ‘Zwî`Ho$ ñd §Ho$ ~moY AmH$m§jm `m à`ËZHo$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$mo ‘mÝ` aIVo h¢. ‘yb‘| Vmo ñd §Ho$ Y‘©J«ÝWmo‘| Cn{Xï> ~moYgo{dnarV OmZo na {H$gr ^r ~moYH$mo o Y‘©gåàXm` AÝ`Wm~moY hr ‘mZVo hmoZogoCZH$s {ZÝXm hr H$aVo h¢. AV… ì`pŠV~moYHo$ AmYmana CX²^yV BÀN>m `m

AmH$m§jm Am¡a VXZwê$n à`ËZ H$mo ^r AY‘©Ho$ ê$n‘| hr Kmo{fV H$aVo h¢. AV…Ym{‘©H$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` ^r CZ-CZ Iy§{Q>Am|go ~§Ym hr ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` {gÕhmoVm h¡.

CXmhaUV`m d¡{XH$ `k`mJmo‘| newAm|H$s Amhþ{VH$mo Y‘© ‘mZZodmbr d¡{XH$slÕmH$mo O¡Z Y‘© AÝ`Wm~moY ‘mZVo h¢. d¡go kmZwð>mZm|H$s AmH$m§jmH$mo AY‘}ÀN>mAm¡a AZwð>mZH$mo gmjmV² nmnmMaU hr ‘mZVo h¢. Bgr Vah O¡Zm|Ho$ AÇ>‘ O¡god«Vm|H$mo AnZr ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""AemñÌ{d{hV§ Kmoa§ Vß`ÝVo `o Vnmo OZm…Xå^mh§H$mag§`wŠVm…... H$f©`ÝV… earañW§ ^yVJ«m‘‘² AMoVgmo ‘m§ M¡dAÝV…earañW§ VmZ² {dX²{Y Amgwa{ZíM`mZ²'' (^JdX²JrVm : 17&5-6)dMZHo$ AZwgma h‘ Amgwa H$‘m©Zwð>mZ ‘mZVo h¢. `hÿXr-‘wpñb‘ Y‘© ‘y{V©nyOZH$mo‘hmZ² nmn ‘mZVo h¢. ‘wgë‘mZ AV… ‘pÝXam| Am¡a ‘y{V©Am| H$mo Vmo‹S> XoZm ‘hmZ²nwÊ`H$m © ‘mZVo h¢. O~{H$ Xod‘y{V©H$s, `{X àmUà{Vð>m hþ r hmo Vmo Cgo Any{OVaIZo‘| h‘ ~‹S>m ^mar nmn ‘mZVo h¢. gmB Y‘©‘| àmMrZ H$mb‘|, hmb‘| OmZZm{‘bm {H$, ewH«$dmaH$mo ‘m§g ImZodmbm|H$mo ZaH$Jm‘r ‘mZm OmVm Wm. A~ {Z{fÕhmoZona ^r Cg AnamYH$mo ZaH$Xm`r Zht ‘mZm OmVm h¡. {H$gr ^r g§OmoJ‘| Bg‘|ì`pŠVHo$ ~moY AmH$m§jm `m à`ËZ H$s VwbZm‘| Y‘©g§ñWmAm|Ho$ ~moY Am¡a {ZYm©aH$mo hr à‘wI ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

4^pŠV‘mJu` ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` : gm‘mÝ` ~mobMmbH$s ^mfm‘| ^pŠVH$moY‘©Ho$ ê$n‘| hr ‘mZ {b`m OmVm h¡. AV… Ym{‘©H$ ñdmVÝÍ` Am¡a ^pŠV‘mJu`ñdmVÝÍ` H$mo n¥WŠV`m {dMmaZm Amdí`H$ Zht. Y‘©H$s, naÝVw, emñÌr`n[a^mfm `m ñdê$n H$m {dMma `{X Jå^raV`m {H$`m Om o Vmo ^pŠVH$mo Y‘©‘|Inm`m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. AbJ-AbJ g‘wXm`m|Ûmam g‘mÑV emñÌmo‘| Cn{Xï>{d{Y-{ZfoYm|Ho$ H$maU Omo H¥$Ë`=ì`dhma dmUr m {dMma h‘mao{b o ñdrH$aUr``m AñdrH$aUr` hm| CÝh| Y‘© `m AY‘© ‘mZm OmVm h¡. Eogm hmoZo na ^r H$moB©^r emñÌ ñd §H$s g‘J« {Xì`Vm `m loð>Vm Ho$ Cnam§V ^r IwXHo$ AmXoe‘mÌgo{H$gr ^r ‘Zwî`Ho$ ^rVa H$‘m©Zwð>mZ ì`dhma {dMma `m ^mdZm `m AmamÜ` dñVw`m ì`pŠV Ho$ à{V ñZoh CËnÝZ H$aZo gj‘ hmo Zht nmVm. AÝ`Wm emñÌm|Ho$hR>mV² H$am o J o nam`U‘mÌgo bmoJm|H$s YmaUm `m ^mdZm ‘| ZmpñVH$Vm {Zdmar

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Om gH$Vr Wr AWm©V² hR>mV² H$moB© ~mV {H$grH$mo g‘Pm`r Om gH$Vr hmo naÝVwhR>mV² {H$grHo$ ^r ^rVa ñZoh^md àH$Q>m`m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. AV… H$^r H$moB©{H$grgo ~bmV² ~mh² mXa àmßV H$a nmVm h¡ naÝVw {H$grH$s hm{X©H$ ^pŠVHo$^mOZ hmoZm Ho$db AmXoe `m CnXoe Ho$ AmYmana eŠ` Zht hmoVm. ñZohH$s^mdZmna ñd § ^mdwH$ ì`pŠVH$m ~g ^r H$^r MbVm Zht h¡ Vmo Xygao {H$grH$mAmXoe `m CnXoe Vmo H¡$go Mb nm oJm AV… Ym{‘©H$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$s VwbZm‘|^pŠV‘mJu` ñdmVÝÍ` n¥WH²$ {dMma ‘m§JVm h¡.

^pŠVgmYZm {dídHo$ bJ^J g^r Y‘m}‘| CnbãY hmoZodmbr {dídì`mnr‘Zmod¥{Îm h¡. {’$a^r H$ÊR>moŠV {d{Y-{ZfoYde `m àM{bV ì`dhmade g^r^pŠVgåàXm` AnZo-AnZo EH$ Bï>Xod `m EH$m{YH$ Bï>Xodm| Ho$ Abmdm XygaoXodm|H$s ^pŠVH$mo H$^r AZmdí`H$, Vmo H$^r AZw{MV ^Q>H$md, Vmo H$^r nmn^r ‘mZVo h¢. AVEd ""AÝ`ml`mo Z H$V©ì`… gd©Wm ~mYH$ñVw g…'' H$hmOmVm h¡. `Ú{n AmYw{ZH$ wJ‘| Ym{‘©H$ gåàXm`m|Ho$ gmW ~§Y H$a Z ahZoH$sY‘©{ZanojdmXH$s A§YmYw§YrHo$ H$maU ~hmoV gmao Y‘©gåàXm`m|Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|Zo{~Z‘m§Jr Ny>Q> Bg ~m~V‘| bo H$a g^r Xod‘pÝXam|‘| nyOm-Xe©Z^pŠV H$aZodmbmEH$ Z`m gåàXm` I‹S>m {H$`m h¡. BgH$m Cnm` Z Vmo emñÌHo$ Am¡a Z CgHo$CnXoeH$m|Ho$ nmg hr CnbãY h¡. AmYw{ZH$ `wJH$s Bg A§YmYw§YrHo$ H$maU{XZmZw{XZ {~’$aZodmbm ñdY‘©{Zð>mj` hr Bg‘| hoVw bJVm h¡, gd©Y‘©{Zð>m Zht.g^r Y‘m]Ho$ ~rM {ZaÝVa MbVr à{VñnYm© ^r Bg‘| Xygam à‘wI H$maU ~Zrh¡. {H$gr ^r VahHo$ A{YH$m[aVmHo$ {ddoH$H$mo dmnao {~Zm àË oH$ Y‘m}nXoeH$mo‘|AnZo Mobo ‘y§S>ZoH$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$m à~b hmo OmZm ^r AmYw{ZH$ wJH$s EH$ ~‹S>r{dS>å~Zm h¡. BgrHo$ H$maU àË oH$ Y‘©gåàXm`mo‘| Cgo g§{Zð>mnyd©H$ AZwga nm |Eogo AZwJm‘r A~ Aëng§»`H$ ah J o h¢. AÝ`Wm {H$gr ^r Y‘©gåàXm`‘|AnZo ‘yb CnXoeHo$ à{V {Zð>merb ahZona ^pŠVñdmVÝÍ` ì`pŠVH$mo {X`m J`m{XIbm`r Zht XoVm. d¡`pŠVH$ nm[adm[aH$ `m gm‘m{OH$ ghOVmHo$ H$maUAnZo-AnZo AmamÜ`Ho${b o ^pŠV^mdZm aIZoH$s Ny>Q> ‘mÝ` hmoZ na ^r Xygam|Ho$AmamÜ`Ho$ à{V ^pŠV^mdZm‘| ^pŠVgåàXm`m|H$mo Am{YX¡{dH$ ì`{^Mma O¡gmHw$N> bJVm h¡. dh AZÝ`^pŠVH$m ^md ^r AmO b½Zg§ñWmH$s Vah Qy>Q>ZodmbrH$Jmana I‹S>m hþdm h¡.

g‘mOemñÌr b½Zg§ñWmHo$ VrZ àH$ma g‘PmVo h¢ : 1~hþnËZrdmX {nV¥àYmZg‘mOH$s à‘wI Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVm ‘mZr J`r h¡ 2~hþn{VdmX ‘mV¥àYmZ g‘mOH$s3EH$n{VnËZrdmX C^`àYmZ g‘mOH$s. VXZwê$n hr Hw$N> ^pŠVgåàXm`1AmamÜ`-àYmZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU EoH$mpÝVH$ ^pŠVgåàXm` hmoVo h¢. am‘mZwO ‘mÜddmëb^ e¡d emŠV Am{X gåàXm`m|H$mo Bg loUr‘| {JZZm Mm{h o. AmamÜ`Ho$M`Z‘| Eogo gåàXm` ì`pŠVH$m ñdmVÝÍ` ‘mÝ` aIVo h¢ naÝVw {ZOmamÜ`go BVaAmamÜ`H$s ^pŠVH$m ñdmVÝÍ` ì`pŠVH$m ‘mÝ` Zht hmoVm. 2AmamYH$-àYmZ^pŠVgåàXm`m|‘| EH$ AmamYH$Ho$ AZoH$ AmamÜ` hmoZoH$s ar{V {ZXm}f ‘mZr J`rh¡. dñVwV`m, naÝVw, Eogo ñ‘mV© `m CnmgZmdm{XAm| Ho$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma ^pŠVbú` Z hmo H$a bú` VH$ nhþ§MZoHo$ EH$ gwJ‘‘mJ©V`m ‘mZr OmVr h¡. 3C^`-àYmZ ^pŠVgåàXm` àm`… dÝ`Om{VAm|‘| {XIbm`r XoVo h¢. Ohm§ CZ-CZOm{VAm|Ho$ AnZo-AnZo {d{^ÝZ AmamÜ` XodVm hmoVo h¢. AnZo Xoe‘| r AmYw{ZH$ZmJar g§ñH¥${VHo$ à~b hmoZogo nyd© J«m‘XodVm `m Hw$bXodVm AbJ-AbJ ‘mZoOmVo Wo. 4VXwnam§V àmMrZ dUm©l‘r ì`dñWm‘| r n¥WŠn¥WH²$ H$‘©XodVm CËgdXodVmAm¡a ñWmZXodVm H$s AmamYZm{d{Y CnbãY hmoVr h¡. VXZwgma Omo H$‘© `m {Ogàg§J `m {Og ñWmZ‘| {Og XodVmHo$ nyOZH$m {dYmZ hmo CgH$s OJh AÝ`XodVmHo$ `OZ-nyOZH$mo A{d{hVmMaU ‘mZm OmVm Wm. 5A~ nm§M‘r arV EH$AmYw{ZH$ ’o$eZH$s A{ddm{hV ghOrdZ O¡gr ^pŠV^md‘| ^r Mb n‹S>r h¡.Bg‘| ñd §Ho$ AmamÜ`Ho$ Abmdm Xygam|Ho$ AmamÜ`H$mo ^r ^OZo `m Z ^OZo H$mgånyU© ñdmVÝÍ` ì`pŠVH$m ‘mÝ` hmo J`m h¡. A{YH$m§e amOZr{Vkm|H$mo `h‘Zmod¥{Îm g‘mOHo$ àË oH$ dJ©Ho$ dmoQ²> nmZoH$mo A{YH$ amg AmVr h¡. d¡go BgàH$ma‘| ^pŠV^md {H$VZm Am¡a {XImdm `m XoImXoIr {H$VZr `h Vmo emÝV{MÎmgo {dMmaZoH$s ~mV h¡

ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ` brbmpË‘H$m {H«$`mê$n‘| ~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ gÝX ©‘| : ñd §H$s ñdmW©{g{Õ `m Xygam|H$mo N>bZo Ho$ hoVw {H$ o OmVo Xå^ `m H$nQ>nyU©

{Zðw>a ì`dhmam|go {dbjU, Bgr Vah agmZw y{VHo$ hoVw A{^ZrV ì`mdgm{`H$ZmQ>H$m|go {dbjU, AWdm Vmo Xmo àU`r wJbHo$ ~rM àU`^mdHo$ Ñ‹T>rH$aUmW©{‘Ï`m àU`dMZ m àU`H«$s‹S>m go r n¥WH²$ H$moB© EH$ dmñV{dH$Vm brbm^mdH$shmoVr h¡.

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Bg brbmHo$ VÏ`Ho$ à‘wI Vmo Xmo àH$ma na EH$ Jm¡U ^r, Eogo Hw$b VrZàH$ma gå^d h¢ : 1agmZw dmW© 2agmZw mdZmW© Am¡a 3^JdX²JrVmoŠV pñWVàkVm.

1àW‘ àH$maH$m bmoH${gÕ CXmhaU ~më`mdñWm `m {H$emoamdñWm Ho$Mmoa-{gnmhr O¡go IobH$m {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Eogr H«$s‹S>mAm|‘| Z Vmo H$moB©{H$grH$mo N>bZm MmhVm h¡ Am¡a Z {ZíN>b Iob-Hy$XÛmam agmZw y{V nmZoHo${gdm` Xygam H$moB© Jå^ra hoVw hr gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. Omo ~mbH$ Mmoa ~ZVmh¡ CgH$s Mmoa hmoZoH$s AhÝVm O¡go brbmpË‘H$m hmoVr h¡, d¡go hr Cg Ah§~moYHo$H$maU Iob-Iob‘| Mmoar H$aZoH$s BÀN>m ^r brbmpË‘H$m hmoVr h¡. Am¡a d¡grbrbmpË‘H$m BÀN>mHo$ H$maU Iob‘| Mmoar H$aZoH$s MVwamB© ^r brbmpË‘H$m hrhmoVr h¡. gm‘Zo nj‘| Omo ~mbH$ {gnmhr ~Zm hmo CgH$m ""‘¢ {gnmhr hþ§; Am¡a‘wPo MmoaH$mo nH$‹S>Zm Mm{h o'' Eogm AmË‘~moY Am¡a H$V©ì`~moY XmoZm| hr brbmË‘H$hmoVo h¢. CgHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoVm nwéfmW© ^r brbmË‘H$ hr hmoVm h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| g¥{ï>H$mo ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| {~aXm`m OmVm h¡. VXZwgma~«÷Zo ^r ñd`§H$s EH$‘odm{ÛVr`Vm‘|go AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V àH$Q>{H$`o. BZ AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ àmH$Q²>çH$s n¥ð>^y{‘‘| brbm^mdHo$Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr Jå^ra hoVwH$mo ZH$mam J`m h¡ :

""Z à`moOZdÎdmV² bmoH$dÎmw brbmH¡$dë`‘²'' (~«÷gyÌ :2&1&32-33). AVEd mî`H$ma r Iwbmgm H$aVo h¢ {H$ """gd¡Z¡d ao‘o Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². g h EVmdmZ²Amg' BË`m{X lw{VAm|Ho$ AmYmana, "Ef C Ed' Bg lw{VHo$AmYmana ^r CZ-CZ gmYZm|H$mo H$adm H$a CZ-CZ ’$bm|H$moXoVo hþdo JdmZ² ñdH«$sS>mW© hr OJX²ê$noU Am{d y©V hmo H$a H«$s‹S>mH$a aho h¢ Eogm d¡{XH$m|H$m {ZU© h¡''.

(AUw mî` : 1&1&11).

`h ~mV ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo bú`‘| aI H$s J`r h¡. ^JdëbrbmHo$ gÝX ©‘|`hr ~mV Hw$N> Am¡a AmJo H¡$go ~‹T>Vr h¡ Cgo ^r ‘hmà wHo$ eãXm|‘| XoI boZmC{MV hmoJm•

""`hr {ZpíMV H$aHo$ lrH¥$îUZo AOw©ZH$mo H$hm {H$ "Omo‘oar eaU‘| AmVo h¢ do hr ‘oar Bg ‘m`mH$m nma nm gH$Vo h¢' `hm§"hr' bJm H$a ^JdmZ²Zo AnZo Abmdm g^r gmYZm|H$sAZwnm`Vm H$h {XImB© h¡. Š`m|{H$ H$‘© kmZ `m ^pŠV Am{Xg^r ^JdmZ²Ho$ hr AmYrZ gXm hmoVo h¢. AV… g^r gmYZm| `mCnm`m| ‘| {dídmg N>mo‹S> H$a H¥$îUH$mo hr ^OZm Mm{h o, {OZH$m^JdËàmpßVHo$ Cnm`V`m {Zê$nU h‘Zo {H$`m do ^r {dîUwH$sH¥$nm hmo Vmo hr ’$bàX hmoVo h¢ AÝ`Wm Zht. AV… Omo kmZm{XCnm`V`m H$ho J`o h¢ do Vmo Ho$db bmoJm|H$mo ^JdmZ²H$s AmoaA{^‘wI ~ZmZoH$mo H$ho J o Cnm` h¢. ~mdOyX BgHo$ Eogo Zht‘mZ boZm Mm{h o {H$ emñÌmoŠV gmYZ gd©Wm {ZaW©H$ hr hmoVoh¢. Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nm hmoZona do hr ’$bgmYH$ ~Z OmVoh¢. AV… CnXoe àamoMZmW© hmoZona ^r dñVwVñVw ^JdËH¥$nm hrEH$ ‘w»` gmYZV`m {gÕ hmoVr h¡... ^JdËH¥$nmHo$ AbmdmAÝ` H$moB© gmYZ Zht Bg ~mao‘| à‘mU h¡ "Omo Z moJgo Z gm§»`goZ XmZ d«V Vn `m `k`mJm{Xgo AWdm doXm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZ `mñdmÜ`m` go `m g§Ý`mggo hr ~hþV à`ËZ H$a boZo na ^r nm`mOm gH$Vm h¡ Cgo nmZm hmo Vmo {d{Y-{ZfoY àd¥{Îm-{Zd¥{Îm Am¡almoVì`-lwV H$s {MÝVm N>mo‹S> H$a, g^r XohYm[aAm|Ho$ AmË‘ê$nHo$db EH$ ‘oar eaU‘| gdm©Ë‘^md aI H$a Am OmAmo, Vwåh|H$htgo ^`^rV hmoZoH$m H$moB© ^r H$maU ~M Zht Om oJm' `h^mJdVHo$ EH$mXeñH$ÝYmoŠV CnXoeH$m à‘wI gma h¡. Bgo ñd §^JdmZ²Zo g‘Pm`m h¡ Am¡a ñd § ^JdmZ²Ho$ Abmdm ^JdmZ²H$moA{YH$ H$m¡Z OmZ gH$Vm h¡? AV… Omo H$moB© Hw$N> ^r H$hVm hmoCgo {‘Ï`mdMZ hr g‘PZm Mm{h`o. H$‘©`moJ kmZ`moJ `m^pŠV`moJ Am{X‘| Hw$N> ^r H¥$îUH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoHo$ hoVw AnZmZo

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Mm{h o na h‘| `{X H¥$îUH$s VwbZm‘| gmYZm|na A{YH$ {Zð>mhmoJr Vmo ^JdmZ² ^r CXmgrZV`m hr àH$Q> hm|Jo Am¡a ñd`§^JdmZ²na {Zð>m hmoZm ^JdmZ²H$s CXmgrZVmH$mo Xya H$aZoH$m hoVw~ZoJm... `h R>rH$ h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ² AnZo dmŠ`m|H$mo gË`m{nVH$aZoH$mo H$‘© moJm{X‘| ^r àH$Q> Vmo hmoVo hr h¢ naÝVw AmJ«hdehr...

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&304-312).

A~ `h {gÕmÝV {Ogo Z éMVm hmo dh ì`pŠV BgH$m àË`m»`mZ H$agH$Vm h¡. naÝVw Omo gå^d Zht dh `hr {H$ brbmdmX ñdrH$maZoHo$ ~mXOrdmË‘mHo$ EoH$mpÝVH$ ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`H$s ‘Zmo «‘Um. Š`m|{H$ àË oH$ OrdmË‘mAÝV‘| Vmo na‘mË‘mHo$ YmaU {H$ o hþdo ê$nmÝVa hr h¢. AV… BZ ê$nmÝVam|‘| Omoñd §H$m ñdmVÝÍ` àVrV hmoVm h¡ Cgo dmñV{dH$ AZw y{V V^r ‘mZr Om gH$Vrh¡ O~ AZw dH$Vm© ñd §H$s gÎmm‘| na‘mË‘mH$m ^r AZw d H$aVm hmo. AÝ`WmVmo Omo Hw$N> ñdmVÝÍ` AZw yV hmo ahm h¡ dh d¡go brbmW© n[aJ¥hrV ñdê$nH$mo d¡goñdê$nH$s ‘`m©Xm‘| àXÎm ñdmVÝÍ` hr h¡. `h ì`pŠVñdmVÝÍ`H$s gr‘m ì`pŠVHo$~moY AmH$m§jm à`ËZ `m ’$bàmpßV H$mo ^r {H$gr gr‘m‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ H$a XoVrh¡. brbmW© g¥{ï>‘| {H$gr r EH$ ì`pŠVH$s ~moYj‘Vm BÀN>mj‘Vm m H¥${Vj‘VmAWdm Vmo dñVwH$s {H«$`mH$maH$ `m ’$bàmnH$ gmYZj‘Vm ^JdpÝZYm©[aVgr{‘V hr hmo gH$Vr h¡. g§»`mH$s Ñ{ï>go nMrg `m nMmg ‘| do Š`m| Z {JZrOmVr hm| AWm©V² àË oH$ ì`pŠV m dñVw AnZo n[agr{‘V gm‘Ï ©Ho$ AZwgma Hw$N>`m ~hþV Hw$N> H$m © H$aZoH$mo g‘W© hmoZona ^r AmË`pÝVH$ ñdVÝÌ `m gj‘ hmoZht nmVm.

2brbmH$m Xygam àH$ma bmoH${gÕ CXmhaU‘| XoIZm-OmZZm hmo Vmo àmMrZH$mb‘| CZ-CZ XodVmAm|Ho$ ^ŠVm|Ûmam {H$`o OmZodmbo AnZo AmamÜ`Xodm|Ho$M[aÌm|H$m brbmZwH$aU {JZm Om gH$Vm h¡. ^ŠVJU nañna {‘b H$a AnZoAmamÜ`XodHo$ ê$n JwU `m M[aÌmo ‘| ahZodmbr agmË‘H$VmH$m AZw d EH$-XyOoH$mo H$aZo-H$amZoHo$ hoVwgo hr am‘brbmgÑe brbmZwH$aU H$aVo Wo. AVEd^JdmZ² JrVm‘| H$hVo h¢ ""Ah§ gd©ñ` à^d… ‘Îm… gdª àdV©Vo B{V ‘Ëdm

^OÝVo ‘m§ ~wYm… ^mdg‘pÝdVm…, ‘pÀMÎmm… ‘X²JVàmUm… ~moY`ÝV… nañna§H$W`ÝV… M ‘m§ {ZË § Vwî`pÝV M a‘pÝV M, Vofm§ gVV wŠVmZm§ ^OVm§àr{Vnyd©H§$ XXm{‘ ~w{Õ`moJ§ V§ oZ ‘m‘² Cn`mpÝV Vo, Vofm‘od AZwH$ånmW©‘²Ah‘² AkmZO§ V‘mo Zme`m{‘ AmË‘^mdñWmo kmZXrnoZ ^mñdVm''(^JdX²JrVm : 10&8-11). `hm§ ^JdmZ²H$mo gd©H$maU Am¡a gd©àdV©H$ ‘mZH$a ^mdnyd©H$ ^OZ H$aZodmbm|Ho$ AkmZH$m Zme H$aHo$ OrdH$mo ^JdËàmpßVH$amZodmbm ~w{Õ`moJ ^r ^JdmZ² ñd § XoVo h¢, BVZm hr Ho$db ‘mZ H$a H$moB©{deof AndmXH$m CXmhaU Bgo ‘mZVm hmo Vmo `h H$Wm CVZr ‘mÌ Zht h¡.Š`m|{H$ Bggo nhbo ñd § ^JdmZ²Zo `h Iwbmgm H$a aIm h¡ {H$ ""~w{Õ… kmZ‘²Agå‘moh… j‘m gË § X‘… e‘… gwI§ Xw…I§ ^dmo A^md… ^ § M A^`‘odM Aqhgm g‘Vm Vw{ï>… Vnmo XmZ§ `emo A`emo ^dpÝV ^mdm… yVmZm§ ‘ÎmEdn¥WJ²{dYm…''(^JdX²JrVm : 10&4-5). AV… {ZandmXV`m ^ŠV `m A^ŠVg^rHo$ ^rVa ZmZm{dY ^md ^JdmZ² hr àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. AnZr ^pŠV‘mJu`gmYZmHo$ ‘yb Bgr agmZw mdZmH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm‘| aho hþdo h¢. Bgr{b o ^mJdV‘| ^r""CnJm`Z² J¥UZ² Z¥Ë`Z² H$‘m©{U A{^Z`Z² ‘‘ ‘ËH$Wm… lmd`Z²e¥ÊdZ²...'' (^mJdV : 11&27&44) `h ^OZar{V {XIbm`r

J`r h¡.

AmYw{ZH$ wJ‘| àË oH$ àH$maHo$ bmoJ àË oH$ gåàXm`‘| Kwg J o hmoZogo CgagmZw mdZmH$m hoVw Jm¡U ~Z J`m. AmO Vmo ì`mdgm{`H$ Zr{V‘ÎmmH$s ‘`m©Xm^r bm§K H$a AnZo noQ> ^aZoHo$ N>bànÄMHo$ ê$n‘| ^pŠVgmYZm EH$ gmd©O{ZH$ì`mdgm{`H$ Zm¡Q>§H$sHo$ ê$n‘| {dH¥$V hmo J`r h¡ Eogo ^pŠV^md{dhrZ bmoJ^pŠVgåàXm`‘| `m Vmo àH$Q>(?) hmo J o h¢ `m à{dï> hmo J o h¢ {H$ {OgHo$H$maU CZHo$ öX`‘| brbmZw mdZH$m ‘Zmo md Vmo OmJ hr Zht nmVm h¡. AVEdVmo Z§JmB©na CVa H$a nm[adm[aH$ Y§YoHo$ ê$n‘| ^JdËgodm Am¡a ^JdËH$Wm ÛmamAnZo n[admaH$m noQ> ^aVo h¢. Xygao Hw$N> MmbmH$ bmoJ OZgodm `m gåàXm`àMmaHo$ hoVw M§Xm OwQ>mZoHo$ ‘wIm¡Q>o nha H$a ^JdËgodmH$s Pm§H$s Am¡a ^mJdVgßVmhAm`mo{OV H$aVo hmoVo h¢ nw{ï>‘mJ©‘| à{dï> Eogo àdmhr OrdmË‘mAm|H$s H$Wm VmoAbJ h¡ h‘| BZH$m {dMma Zht H$aZm h¡ h‘| Vmo ‘yb AmXe©H$m hr {dMma H$aZmh¡.

261 262

AV… brbmHo$ àW‘ àH$ma‘| na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nmÛ¡V‘| {ZJyT>AZÝV{dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ brbmË‘H$ Û¡Vm|H$s agmZw y{V `{X eŠ` hmo Am¡adhr hoVw ~ZVr hmo Vmo brbmHo$ Bg Xygao àH$ma‘| Cg ^JdëbrbmHo${b o àH$Q>hþdo nw{ï>Ordm|H$m à{V^md `m ^pŠVagmZw md h¡. AÝV‘| ""~«÷ bQ>H$m H$aVm h¡~«÷Ho$ gm‘Zo'' H$m VÏ` H$^r ybZm Zht Mm{h o. AV… brbmË‘H$ ñdmVÝÍ`hmoZona ^r ñdê$nmË‘H$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$s H$ënZm `hm§ ^r eŠ` Zht.

3brbmHo$ Vrgao àH$maV`m ^JdX²JrVm‘| d{U©V pñWVàkVm h‘Zo {JZm`r.‘yb‘| CgH$m gma BVZm hr h¡ {H$ ""{dhm` H$m‘mZ² `… gdm©Z² nw‘mZ² Ma{V{Z…ñn¥h… {Z‘©‘mo {Zah§H$ma… g empÝV‘² A{YJÀN>{V'' (^JdX²JrVm : 2&71).A~ Wmo‹S>r YraO aI H$a `{X {dMma H$a| Vmo g‘PZo‘| boe‘mÌ Šboe Zht hmoJm{H$ `{X gM‘wM‘| AhÝVm-‘‘Vma{hV MoVZm {dH${gV hmo nm`o Vmo Cg‘|ñdmVÝÍ` O¡gm Hw$N> ^r ~M H¡$go Om oJm? Š`m|{H$ `{X ""ñd=Ah§'' g‘rH$aUgM hmo Vmo ""{Zah§H$ma={Z…ñd'' ^r H$~yb H$aZm n‹S>oJm. A~ {dMmamo {H$MoVZm‘| ñdH$m ^mg Z hmoVm hmo Vmo ñdVÝÌVmH$m ^mg H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡? V~àíZ C^aVm h¡ {H$ Š`m pñWVàkH$s MoVZm gwfwßVmon‘ ~Z OmVr hmoJr? Zht^JdmZ² ñd`§ BgH$m ahñ` g^PmVo h¢ ""Efm ~«m÷r pñW{V…... pñWËdmAñ`m‘² AÝVH$mbo@{n ~«÷{Zdm©U‘² F$ÀN>{V'' (^JdX²JrVm : 2&72).A~ `h Omo ~«m÷r pñW{V hmo Vmo Š`m "" o M¡d gmpÎdH$m… ^mdm… amOgm…Vm‘gm… M o ‘ÎmEd B{V VmZ² {d{Õ...{Ì{^… JwU‘ ¡… ^md¡… E{^… gd©‘²BX§ OJV² ‘mo{hV§ Zm{^OmZm{V ‘m‘² Eä`… na‘² Aì` §, X¡dr h² ofm JwU‘`r‘‘ ‘m`m XwaË``m ‘m‘od o ànÚÝVo ‘m`m‘² EVm§ VapÝV Vo'' (^JdX²JrVm :7&12-14) `h ^JdÀN>aUmJ{V, {OgHo$ H$maU ^JdmZ² ñd § {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m‘m`mgo nma nmZoH$m AmídmgZ XoVo h¢, dh Š`m ~«m÷r pñW{VHo$ {~Zm gå^dhmoJr? `h `{X eaUmJ{VH$s gmYZmdñWm‘| AeŠ` bJVm hmo Vmo pñWVàkHo$~mao‘| ^r Vmo ^JdmZ² AÝVH$mbHo$ Cnam§V ~«÷{Zdm©UH$s ’$blw{V à{Vnm{XV H$aaho h¢. AV… ~mV dht {H$ dht I‹S>r ahVr h¡. AV… ~«m÷r pñW{V gmYZmdñWmh¡ Am¡a ’$bmdñWm‘| ~«÷{Zdm©U {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.

EVmdVm {ZîH$f©ê$noU h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Cg EH$ na‘VÎdHo$ ~«÷ hmoZoHo$njHo$ AZwê$n kmZ‘mJ© h¡ {Og‘| eaUmJ{VHo$ ñWmZna pñWVàkVmH$m CnXoe{X`m J`m h¡. Cgr ~«÷Ho$ ^JdmZ² hmoZoHo$ njHo$ AZwê$n pñWVàkVmHo$ ñWmZnaeaUmJ{VH$m CnXoe {X`m J`m h¡. AmË‘^mdpñWV ^JdmZ² {Ogo H$‘© moJmZwê$nm~w{Õ XoVo h¢ Cgo H$‘©ê$noU àmßV hmoZm MmhVo h¢ `m {‘bo hmoVo h¢. {OgokmZ`moJmZwê$nm ~w{Õ XoVo h¢ Cgo ko ~«÷ê$noU àmßV hmoZm MmhVo h¢ `m {‘bo hmoVoh¢. {Ogo ^pŠV`moJmZwê$nm ~w{Õ XoVo h¢ Cgo ^OZr` na‘mË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| àmßV hmoZmMmhVo h¢ `m {‘bo hmoVo h¢. {Ogo eaUmJ{V àXmZ H$aZm MmhVo h¢ CgHo$ gmW{H$gr ^r H$‘© kmZ `m ^pŠV ê$n gmYZ `m gmYZm H$s Anojm aIo {~Zm CgoàmßV hmoZm MmhVo h¢ `m {‘bo hmoVo h¢. AV… ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ {H$grH$mogwIr Vmo {H$grH$mo Xw…Ir ~ZmZodmbo ^JdmZ² AÝV‘| Bg g¥{ï>H$m H$^r àb` ^rH$aVo hmoZo na ^r {df‘ `m {Zðw>a Zht ‘mZo Om gH$Vo. brbm‘| H$‘©Ho$ AZwgma’$bàXmZH$s ì`dñWm h¡. ~mH$s ñdê$nÑï²>çm Vmo ñd § A{YJ¥hrV AZoH${dYê$nm|Ho$ gmW ^JdmZ² {ZOmZÝXH$m hr AmñdmXZ ñd`§ hr H$a aho hmoVo h¢.(AUw mî` : 2&1&30-37).

Bg V¥Vr` àH$maH$mo Jm¡U H$hZoH$m hoVw BVZm hr h¡ {H$ ^pŠVHo$ Xmo nhbw‘mZo J o h¢ : 1‘mhmËå`kmZ Am¡a 2gwÑT>-gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZoh. na~«÷ na‘mË‘m^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nJV AÛ¡V Am¡a brbmW© àH$Q> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V BZ XmonhbwAm|Ho$ à{V gH$b Ed§ `mo½` à{V^md ^pŠVHo$ o XmoZm| nhbw hmoVo h¢. O~{H$Xmo‘|go EH$ nhbwH$s ~mH$s H$aZo na `m Vmo Cg na‘VÎdHo$ ñdê$nHo$ hoVw AWdmVmo Cg‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbr brbmHo$ hoVw gm§Jmonm§J à{V^mdHo$ ñWmZna AmYm-AYyam à{V^md hr àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. dh kmZ‘mJu`H$mo brbmHo$ AmZÝXmZw d‘|~mYH$ ~ZVm h¡. Cgr Vah H$‘©‘mJu` `m ^pŠV‘mJu` gmYH$H$mo dh Cgna‘VÎdHo$ ñdê$nmZÝXH$s AmZÝXmZw^y{V‘| ~mYH$ ~Z OmVm h¡. Bgr VaheaUmJ{V‘mJu`H$mo ^JdËñdê$nHo$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$ g‘j Ho$db X¡Ý` àH$Q> H$aZo‘|g’$b hmoVm h¡ na ñZoh àH$Q>mZo‘| g’$b hmo Zht nmVm. `m| gm§Jmonm§J à{V^mdàH$Q> H$aZo‘| g’$b Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU Jm¡U H$hm OmVm h¡.

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AV… O~ VH$ ^pŠV {dH${gV Zht hmo nmVr V~ VH$ ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ A§JV`meaUmJ{VH$mo EH$ AZwH$ënV`m ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. {H$gr H$maUde Ord H$‘©kmZ `m ^pŠVHo$ hoVw A{YH$mar Z^r hmo Vmo CZ g^r Cnm`m|Ho$ {dH$ënê$noU ^reaUmJ{VH$m ‘mJ© Vmo gd©Xm ghm`H$ hmoVm hr h¡.

Cng§hma : AV… CnH«$‘‘| `h Omo H$hm J`m {H$ 1""ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma eaUmJ{VHo$

CnXoe‘| {Z…gmYZVmH$s ^mdZmH$m CnXoe ‘Zwî`H$mo AH$‘©Ê` ~ZmVm bJVmh¡''. CgHo$ g‘mYmZmW© H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ eaUmJ{VHo$ CnXoeÛmam {OgHo$^rVa AH$‘©Ê` hmoZoH$m ‘Zmo md à~b hmoVm hmo CgHo$ Ûmam ^JdmZ² H$moB© H$‘©H$amZm Zht MmhVo hm|Jo. AÝ`Wm Vmo ^JdmZ² ñd § H$hVo h¢ ""AW MoV² Ëd‘²Ah§H$mamV² Z lmoî`{g {dZL²>ú`{g, `X² Ah§H$ma‘² Am{lË` Z `moËñ o B{V‘Ý`go {‘Ï`m Ef ì`dgm`… Vo àH¥${V… Ëdm§ {Z`moú`{V, ñd^mdOoZ H$m¡ÝVo{Z~Õ… ñdoZ H$‘©Um H$Vwª ZoÀN>{g `X² ‘mohmV² H$[aî`{g Ademo@{n VV²''(^JdX²JrVm : 18&58-59).

Xygar Ame§H$m 2""na‘oídaH$mo H$Vm©-H$ma{`Vm Am¡a g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>H$mobrbmê$noU àñVwV H$aZodmbo Bg {gÕmÝVHo$ H$maU OrdmË‘mH$mo ñd §Ho$ nwéfmW©‘|{dídmg ImoZoH$m Adga CnpñWV hmoJm hr'' Eogo Omo Xagm`m J`m CgHo$ ~mao‘|dh OmZ aIZm Cn wŠV hmoJm {H$ ^JdmZ²Zo AOw©ZH$mo ""‘ ¡d EVo {ZhVm…nyd©‘od {Z{‘Îm‘m̧ ^d gì`gm{MZ²''-""ída… gd©^yVmZm§ öÔoeo AOw©Z{Vð>{V «m‘`Z² gd© yVm{Z `ÝÌmê$T>m{Z ‘m``m V‘od eaU§ JÀN> gd© mdoZ^maV'' (^JdX²JrVm : 11&33-18&61-62) H$hm. Bg CnXoeHo$ AZwê$n^JdmZ²Zo AnZo {damQ> ñdê$n‘| ‘hm^maVH$s brbmH$m gmjmËH$ma H$am H$aAnZm H$Vm©-H$ma{`Vm hmoZm ^r g‘Pm {X`m. VXwnam§V AOw©ZZo AnZo H$V©¥Ëd‘|{dídmg ImoZoHo$ ~Om` nydm©noj`m CÎm‘ H$moQ>rH$m {dídmg àH$Q> H$aVo hþdo""Zï>mo ‘moh… ñ‘¥{V… bãYm ËdËàgmXmX² ‘`m AÀ wV pñWVmo@pñ‘ JVgÝXoh…H$[aî o dMZ§ Vd'' (^JdX²JrVm : 18&73) H$hm. AV… brbmW© g¥{ï>Ho${gÕmÝVH$mo Am¡a ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$Vm©-H$ma{`Vm hmoZoHo$ {gÕmÝVH$mo ldU H$aZoH$mOmo A{YH$mar hmoJm CgH$m Vmo H$^r ñd §Ho$ nwéfmW©‘| {dídmg ImoZoH$m àg§J

Zht Am oJm. {Ogo Am gH$Vm hmo CgH$m A{YH$ma Amgwar Ord hmoZoH$m ^JdmZ²Zo{ZYm©[aV {H$`m hr h¡. AVEd Bg {df`H$mo ^r ^JdmZ²Zo dht ñnï> H$a aIm h¡{H$ ""BX‘² AÚ ‘`m bãY‘² B‘§ àmßñ o ‘ZmoaW‘² BX‘² ApñV BX‘{n nwZ…^{dî`{V nwZ… YZ§... {gÕmo@h§ ~bdmZ² gwIr... `ú o Xmñ`m{‘ ‘mo{Xî oB{V AkmZ{d‘mo{hVm…'' (^JdX²JrVm : 16&13-15). AV… Eogo AmgwarOrdm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^JdmZ²Zo Omo J{V {ZYm©[aV H$a aIr hmo Cg‘| ZZw-ZM h‘| H$aZrZht Mm{h o.

CgHo$ ~mX Omo 3""ewÕmÛ¡VdmX H¥$V H$‘m]Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{`ËdH$s^mdZmH$mo IV‘ H$aZodmbr {dMmaYmam bJVr h¡'' Amjon {H$`m J`mCg ~mao‘| `h OmZ boZm Mm{h o {H$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmX hr EH$ Eogm dmX h¡ Omo""Ah§ H¥$ËñZñ` OJV… à^d… àb`… VWm''-"" yV^mdmoX² dH$amo {dgJ©…"H$‘©'g§{kV…'' (^JdX²JrVm : 7&6-8&3) BZ XmoZm| dMZm|H$s EH$dmŠ`VmHo$AZwamoYde H$‘©H$mo ^JdËñdê$n hr ‘mZVm h¡. AV… ^Jdëbrbmgo O¡go {daŠVZht hþdm OmVm d¡go hr H$‘©go ^r CXmgrZ hmo Zht gH$Vm.

CgHo$ ~mX AmVm h¡ 4""H$‘©Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{`ËdH$mo Jm¡U ~ZmZona Vmo H$‘©Ho$~mao‘| gXgX²{ddoH$ dmnaZoH$s epŠVHo$ à`moJH$s àoaUm ^r é§Y Om oJr'' BgAmjonHo$ g‘mYmZê$noU OmZ aIZm Mm{h`o {H$ H$Vm©H$m Ì¡{dÜ` ^JdmZ²Zog‘Pm`m hr h¡ VXÝV©JV ""‘wŠVg§Jmo AZh§dmXr Y¥Ë`wËgmhg‘pÝdV…{gÕç{gÕçmo… {Z{d©H$ma… H$Vm© gmpÎdH$… CÀ`Vo'' (^JdX²JrVm : 18&26)dMZHo$ AmYmana H$‘©Ho$ ~mao‘| brbm^md aIVo hþdo Omo H$‘m©MaU‘| àd¥Îm hmoVmhmo dhr gmpÎdH$ ‘mZm Om oJm. Xygao Vmo `m Vmo amOg `m Vm‘g hr H$Vm© ‘mZoOm |Jo. AV… H$‘©Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{`ËdH$mo VmZ H$a H$‘©H$Vm©Ho$ ^rVa amOg `mVm‘g ^mdm|H$mo CH$gmZm ewÕmÛ¡VdmX C{MV Zht ‘mZVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ""gd© yVofwoZ EH§$ ^md‘² Aì``‘² jVo A{d^ŠV§ {d^ŠVofw VO² kmZ§ {d{Õ gmpÎdH$‘²''

AmXe©Ho$ AZwê$n ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr H$Vm© ñd §Ho$ {d^ŠV H$V¥©Ëd‘| Cg na‘mË‘mHo$A{d^ŠV H$V¥©ËdH$mo {Zhma nmZoH$s ^JdXmkmgo ~§Ym hþdm ahoJm hr.

265 266

AVEd 5""~moYñdmVÝÍ` BÀN>mñdmVÝÍ` Am¡a à`ËZñdmVÝÍ` {X OrdmË‘mHo$^rVa ñdrH$mao Z OmVo hm| Vmo Y‘m©Y‘©H$m {d^mJ ^r {Z^ Zht nm oJm'' AmjonHo$~mao‘| ^r dmëb^ Xe©ZH$m gwñnï> A{^àm` `hr h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ²Zo ""~w{Õ…~w{Õ‘Vm‘² Apñ‘... o M¡d gmpÎdH$m… mdm… amOgm… Vm‘gm… M o ‘ÎmEdB{V VmZ² {d{Õ'' (^JdX²JrVm : 7&10-12) H$h H$a g^r ~m¡{ÕH$ EopÀN>H$`m H$m{‘©H$ ^mdm|Ho$ àdV©H$ hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| ñd §H$mo {~aXm`m h¡. AV… ^JdmZ²goAnamYrZ OrdmË‘mH$m ~moYñdmVÝÍ` BÀN>mñdmVÝÍ` à`ËZñdmVÝÍ` gå^d Zht.AV… ewÕmÛ¡VdmX-nw{ï>‘mJ©H$m {gÕmÝV Vmo ^JdËàXÎm {Xì`Ñ{ï>Ûmam H$am o J oñd`§Ho$ {damQ²> ñdê$nHo$ VmpÎdH$ gmjmËH$maH$m empãXH$ gmjmËH$ma O¡gm{gÕmÝV h¡. AV… {Z{‘Îm‘mÌ ~ZZo‘| nw{ï>‘mJu`H$mo H$^r jwÐ ~Z OmZoH$s nr‹S>mZht gVmVr h¡.

gdm©ÝV‘| 6""n[aUm‘ê$noU nw{ï>gåàXm`Ho$ ^r {d{Y-{ZfoY AÝV‘| AW©hrZgm{~V hm|Jo'' `h {dYmZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘yë`m§H$ZHo$ ê$n‘| hmo Vmo H$hZm n‹S>oJm {H$Amjon `{X gM hmoVm Vmo nw{ï>gåàXm` nm§M-nm§M eVmãXrH$s b§~r Ad{Y‘|{Q>H$ Zht nmVm. Omo ^{dî`dmUrHo$ ê$n‘| hmo Vmo hmb‘| Vmo Eogm Hw$N> XrI Zhtahm h¡. V~ ì`W© hr A{Zï>^mdZmHo$ CÐoH$de AmË‘nr‹S>ZH$m Am¡{MË` Š`m?Š`m| Z ^{dî`H$s {MÝVm N>mo‹S> H$a hmb‘| Vmo nw{ï>‘mJ©H$mo CgHo$ gÀMo ñdê$n‘|g‘P boZoHo$ ~mX hr H$moB© AnZm A{^àm` CgHo$ ~mao‘| àH$Q> H$aZm Mm{h o.nw{ï>‘mJ©Ho$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|Ho$ à{V AmYw{ZH$ nw{ï>‘mJu` {Zð>mhrZ hmo J o h¢ EogoAmamon bJmZm à`moOZ hmo Vmo g~go nhbo Vmo Eogm Amamon H$m¡Z bJm ahm h¡?nw{ï>‘mJu `m Anw{ï>‘mJu? Omo nw{ï>‘mJu Vmo nw{ï>‘mJ©Ho$ {gÕmÝV Cgo A{à` hmoZht gH$Vo. Š`m|{H$ ñd § ‘hmà wZo Bg ~mVH$m Iwbmgm Xo aIm h¡-

""àdV©H$ Vmo gd©Xm lrH¥$îU hr hmoVo h¢ {dÜ`W© Zht. do {H$gH$‘©Ho$ Ûmam H¡$gm ’$b {‘b gH$Vm h¡ Eogm ~moY CËnÝZ H$aHo$OrdmË‘mHo$ H$‘©àdV©H$ ~ZVo h¢''-""doXm|‘| {Zê${nV gmYZ Am¡a ’$bXmoZm| hr lrh[aHo$ Ûmam {b o J o {d{dY ê$n h¢. AV… ^JdmZ² {OggmYZ `m {Og nwéfmW© Ho$ ê$n‘| {Og OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa àH$Q> hmoVo h¢VXZwgma AnZm ’$bê$n ^r do Cg OrdmË‘mHo${b o àH$Q> H$a XoVo h¢.

gmYZê$n Am¡a ’$bê$n `m| C^`mË‘H$ lrh[aH$m doXm|‘| {Zê$nU{‘bVm h¡. AV… VXZwgma JdmZ²H$s A{^ì`pŠV hmoZo na gmao nwéfmW©{gÕ hmoVo ‘mZo OmVo h¢, Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ² hr gd©nwéfmW©ê$n ~Zo h¢.''

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&177-17)

A~ `{X Eogr Ame§H$m àH$Q> H$aZodmboH$mo Anw{ï>‘mJu ‘mZ| Vmo H$m¡Zgo Y‘©`m gåàXm` ‘| CgHo$ AZwJm‘r AnZo-AnZo Ym{‘©H$ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo gånyU© gpÝZð>mgoAnZm nm o h¢ {H$ Ho$db nw{ï>‘mJ©Ho$ ~mao‘| {deof {MÝVm H$aZoH$m àg§J I‹S>m{H$`m Om ahm h¡?

EVmdVm `h ‘wX²Xm ewÕmÕmÛ¡VdmX-nw{ï>‘mJ©Ho$ Jå^ra {dMma {H$ o {~ZmCnñWm{nV {H$`m bJVm h¡. Omo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU Am¡a CZHo$ AmË‘Olrà wMaU {da{MV J«ÝWm|H$m H$moB© Jå^ra AÜ``Z H$ao Vmo Eogo ‘wX²Xo CnpñWVhmo Zht gH$Vo.

~w{ÕàoaH$H¥$îUñ` nmXnÙ§ àgrXVw

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Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm Am¡a {díd‘| empÝV

CnH«$‘: h‘ g^r Y‘©ào‘r {díd‘| empÝV Vmo MmhVo h¢ naÝVw Eogr empÝV Vmo H$m¡Z

MmhoJm {H$ {Ogo "í‘emZempÝV' H$hm Om` Bgr Vah h‘ g^r AnZr-AnZrY‘© mdZmHo$ Vmo ào‘r hmoVo hr h¢. naÝVw {’$a ^r h‘mao Y‘©gåàXm`go BVa Y‘m]H$s^mdZmH$mo {Q>H$m`o aIZodmbo, CgH$s OrdZàUmbrH$mo K‹S>Zodmbo CZ-CZY‘m©Zwð>mZm|Ho$ à{V, Š`m| h‘mao ^rVa AmXa VWm g{hîUwVm Ho$ ‘Zmo md nZn `m{Z^ Zht nmVo? Omo Y‘©‘mÌHo$ ~mao‘| ñd § AlÕmbw hm| CZgo Vmo Eogr AnojmaIZoH$s ~mV Zht H$hr Om gH$Vr. naÝVw lÕmbwAm|go Eogr Anojm Zht aI| Vmo{H$ggo aIZr? AVEd ‘mZdg‘wXm`H$mo Eogr gw{dYm àXmZ H$aZodmbo ñd § h‘maoY‘©Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` Ym{‘©H$ Ho$ÝÐm|Ho$ {Z~m©Y ApñVËd VWm CZ‘| gånÝZ hmoVrJ{V{d{Y H$mo Š`m| öX`go h‘ gh Zht nmVo h¢? Y‘©H$mo OrdZàUmbr Z ‘mZ H$aHo$db AmñWmàUmbr ‘mZZodmbm|H$s H$Wm Vmo Xygar hmo gH$Vr h¡. naÝVw OmoOrdZàUmbr ‘mZVo hm| CZHo$ {b o `h g‘ñ`m AmO A{YH$ {dH$Q> ~ZVr Omahr h¡.

Xygar Amoa EH$ VÏ` `h ^r {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡ {H$ `{X o hr Y‘©Ho$Ho$ÝÐ, ñdY‘©Ho$ {Zdm©hHo$ ñWb hmoZoHo$ ~Om` EH$-XygaoHo$ gmW à{VñnYm©{VañH$ma VWm nmañn[aH$ {dÛof Ho$ àMma Ed§ àgma Ho$ Ho$ÝÐ ~Z OmVo hm| V~Š`m H$aZm?

`h Eo{Vhm{gH$ hH$sH$V h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ Y‘m]Ho$ Ho$ÝÐ hr ‘mZdg‘wXm`Ho$^rVa gwXya yVH$mbgo Amngr AempÝV ’¡$bmZodmbo ~ZVo nm o J o h¢, BgVÏ`H$mo ^r {N>nm`m Vmo Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. V~ Š`m H$aZm?

AV… {dídempÝV Am¡a Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm H$s ~mV MbVo hr AmO h‘mamöX` Xw{dYmgo ^a OmVm h¡. Š`m h‘mar {dídempÝVH$s MmhZm eoI{MëbrHo$

I`mbr nwbmd h¢? AWdm Y‘m]Ho$ ‘m¡{bH$ ñd^mdHo$ ~mao‘| h‘mar g‘P hr H$htµJbV Vmo Zht?

H$‘go H$‘ {d{^ÝZ Ym{‘©H$ gåàXm` Vmo {díd‘| AempÝVHo$ hoVw Z ~Z|,Eogr h‘mar ‘hÎdmH$m§jm Š`m gM‘wM‘| ‘é‘ar{MH$mgo V¥fm emÝV H$aZoH$s H$moB©h‘mar ‘Zmo «mpÝV h¡ `{X h‘mar Eogr Bg ‘ZmoJ«pÝWH$s ‘mZg{M{H$Ëgm ^r H$amboZ|H$mo h‘ CÚV hmo Om | Vmo Š`m `h ñdrH$ma H$a boZm {H$ g^r Y‘m]Ho$ {‘Q>OmZona hr gÀMr empÝV {díd‘| gå^d hmoJr? g^r Y‘m]H$m {‘Q> OmZm CZ-CZ Y‘m}‘| Ñ‹T>Va AmñWm aIZodmbo ‘mZdg‘wXm`Ho$ {‘Q>o {~Zm H¡$go eŠ` hmonm oJm? ’$bV… Eogo nme{dH$ ‘Zmo md {díd‘| Š`m í‘emZempÝVHo$ hoVw Zht~Z Om |Jo?

`{X h‘ Eogm gmoMVo hm| {H$ Xygao Y‘©Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo AnZo Y‘©Ho$AZwJm‘r ~ZZoH$mo ào[aV H$aZm hr h‘mao ñdY‘©H$m gÀMm {Zdm©h h¡. Vmo {gÕmÝVV…‘mZ bmo {H$ {Og {XZ gmao ‘mZd Eogo {H$gr EH$ Y‘©Ho$ AZwJm‘r ~Z ^r J o,Vmo Cg {XZgo dh Y‘© ñdV… hr AZwð>o` Zht ah Om`oJm Am¡a `m| h‘maoAdí`H$V©ì`ê$n Y‘©Ho$ {Zdm©hgo h‘| dpÄMV hmoZm n‹S>oJm !

Eogr pñW{V‘| Š`m| Z AmO hr Eogo Ym{‘©H$ CÝ‘mXgo h‘ AnZo-AmnH$mo‘wŠV H$a b|? ñd §Ho$ Eogo Bg H$V©ì`Ho$ Abmdm ^r H$moB© Vmo AÝ` H$V©ì`Y‘©V`m {Z`V hm|Jo hr, CÝh| Š`m| h‘ àYmZVm XoZm Zht MmhVo? dñVwV… Vmo Š`mEogr ñdrH¥${V `m Eogr J{V{d{Y {díd‘| AempÝVH$mo hr Am¡a A{YH$ ~‹T>mZoH$shoVw Zht ~Z Om |Jr? AV… ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ Eogr Vmo YmaUm hr ñdVmoì`mhVh¡.

yZmZr {MÝVH$ gwH$amVHo$ AZwgma ‘Zwî` EH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ new h¡ ""Man is

a rational animal'' AV… ‘mZdOm{VH$s ~w{ÕerbVmZo hr Vmo H$ht CgoY‘m}Ý‘mXr hmoZoH$m A{^emn Vmo Zht Xo {X`m h¡, Š`m Eogo ñdrH$ma boZm? AWdm‘mZdOm{VH$s Y‘©erbVmZo Cgo ~m¡{ÕH$ hmoZoH$m daXmZ {X`m h¡, Eogo ñdrH$maZm?

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B©ídampñVËdgo à{V~Õ Z hmoZodmbo {dH$mgdmXr {dkmZHo$ AZwgma Vmo nhbo‘mZdOm{V ~w{Õerb àmUrHo$ ê$n‘| {dH${gV hþB© Am¡a V~ Cg‘| Y‘© mdZm ^rOmJ¥V hþ r. naÝVw B©ídampñVËdgo à{V~Õ Y‘©emóm|Ho$ AZwgma Vmo ‘Zwî` AnZoY‘m©Y‘©H$m {ddoH$ ^br^m§{V H$a nm o, Bgr à`moOZde na‘oídaZo ‘mZdH$mo~w{Õerb àmUr ~Zm`m h¡. AVEd h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ n[a^mfmHo$ Vm¡ana""‘Zwî` EH$ Ym{‘©H$ new h¡''=""Man is a religious animal'' {dYmZ ^rCVZm VH©$g§JV Vmo bJVm h¡ {OVZr {H$ ""Man is a rational animal''

n[a^mfm.

AmO h‘mar Amdí`H$Vm naÝVw h‘mar ~m¡{ÕH$Vm VWm Ym{‘©H$Vm Ho$ BZ Xmo{d^mJm|Ho$ ~rM nañna g‘pÝdV hmo H$a H$m‘ H$aZodmbo Xmo {d^mJm|dmbrgwì`dñWm K‹S>ZoH$s A{YH$ h¡. AWm©V² Ym{‘©H$ AmñWmH$m ~w{Õg§JV Cn`moJ Ed§~m¡{ÕH$ gm‘Ï ©H$m Y‘©g§JV Cn`moJ H$aZoH$s A{YH$ h¡. `h Bg {b o Am¡aA{YH$ A{Zdm © àVrV hmoVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ `{X Eogm Zht ‘mZVo Vmo `m Vmo h‘mar~m¡{ÕH$VmHo$ rVa h‘| AYm{‘©H$VmHo$ ~rO ImoOZo n‹S>|Jo, AWdm h‘mar Ym{‘©H$VmHo$^rVa A~m¡{ÕH$VmHo$ Omo ‘mZd ñd^mdV… Ym{‘©H$ ^r h¡ Am¡a ~m¡{ÕH$ ^r, CgoŠ`m Eogr ImoO S>m°ŠQ>a² Oo{H$b² E§S> {‘ñQ>a² hmB©S²> Zht ~Zm XoJr? AV… ‘mZdì`pŠVHo$ì`pŠVËd‘| Bg VahH$m AÝV{Z©{hV ÛÝÛ n¡Xm Z H$aZm hmo Vmo h‘mar Ym{‘©H$VmVWm ~m¡{ÕH$Vm Ho$ g‘pÝdV à`moJ H$aZoH$s VmËH$m{bH$ hr Zht àË wV Eo{Vhm{gH$`m emídV Amdí`H$Vm AmO Vrd«Va hmo J`r h¡.

S>m{d©ZHo$ gdm©Bdb² Am°’$ {’$Q>oñQ²> {gÕmÝV‘| h‘ Y‘©{Zð>m|Zo hr OmZo `mAZOmZo AmñWm aI H$a, {dJV AZoH$ eVmpãXAm|‘| AnZr Y‘m©ñWmH$mo {’$Q>oñQ²>‘mZ H$a Xygao Y‘m]H$mo {‘Q>m XoZoHo$ ^agH$ nwéfmW© Ed§ g§Kf© H$aHo$ Vmo XoI {b ogwn[aUm‘, {H$ÝVw, Hw$N> {‘bm hmo Eogm Vmo Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. h‘ ^br^m§{VOmZVo h¢ {H$ Z Vmo AmO VH$ {H$gr ^r EH$ Y‘©H$s Eogr CÝZ{V hmo nm`r {H$CgHo$ Abmdm AÝ` Y‘m]H$mo bmoJ yb nm |. Am¡a Z Eogr gdm©{Vem{`Vm hr{H$gr ^r EH$ Y‘©H$s ñdrH$m © hmo nm`r {H$ H$moB© EH$ hr Y‘©, ^{dî`‘|,‘mZdOm{VH$m EH$‘mÌ ~w{Õ öX` Ed§ ì`dhma H$mo gÝVw{bV aIZodmbm Y‘©‘mZZo bm`H$ Kmo{fV {H$`m Om gHo$.

naY‘©g{hîUwVmH$mo ñdrH$maZoHo$ Ym{‘©H$ hoVw: h‘ ^br^m§{V OmZVo h¢ {H$ {OVZm emídV ew na‘oída h¡ CVZm hr

emídV Aew "e¡VmZ' H$hmo, "{‘Ï`mÑ{ï>' H$hmo, "‘m`m{dÚm' H$hmo; AWdm"{Z{fÕ nmnmMaU' H$hmo, dh ^r h¡ hr.

ñd § na‘oída hr Bg g¥{ï>‘| e¡VmZHo$ ApñVËdH$s Hw$N> Cn`mo{JVm ñdrH$maVmZ hmoVm Vmo gd©k-gd©g‘W©Ho$ {b o Cgo IV‘ H$a XoZoHo$ Cnm` Z ImoO nmZmh‘mao g‘P‘| Z AmZodmbr ~mV h¡ ! nam o Y‘©H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ e¡VmZr àoaUmH$mn[anmH$ ‘mZ gH$Vo h¢. naÝVw dh e¡VmZ ñd § `{X na‘oídaH$s H¥${V hmo Am¡ana‘oídaH$s AZwkm `m Cnojm Ho$ de g¥{ï>‘| H$m`©aV hmo Vmo ^r naY‘©Ho$gdm©Bdb²‘| na‘oídaHo$ ew g§H$ën ew àoaUm AWdm ew -AZwkm Vmo ñdrH$maZrn‹S>oJr. Š`m|{H$ na‘oída Hw$N> ^r Aew Vmo gmoM Zht gH$Vm Am¡a Z hmoZo XogH$Vm h¡ !

Bgr Vah {H$gr ^r Ñ{ï>H$m {‘Ï`m hmoZm Cg Ñ{ï>Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {díbofUH$mogh Z nmZoHo$ H$maU hr Vmo ‘mZm OmVm h¡. naÝVw AmO VH$ Eogm H$moB© ^r ~m¡{ÕH${díbofU ‘mZd g‘wXm`‘| àH$Q> Zht hmo nm`m h¡ {H$ Omo g^rHo$ {b o ~w{ÕJ«mh²~Z nm o ! naY‘©H$mo {‘Ï`mÑ{ï> ‘mZZodmbo Y‘©-gåàXm`m|‘| ^r ~hþYm AmÝV[aH$‘V oXdmbr {‘Ï`mÑ{ï>H$m EH$-Xygaona AmamonU {dídY‘©Ho$ B{Vhmg‘| AZdJVH$Wm Zht h¡.

Bgr Vah ‘m{`H$ AkmZH$s {Zd¥{ÎmHo$ ~mao‘| Ym{‘©H$ hR>mJ«hr CnXoeH$m|Ho$‘V‘| ^r ewÕ ~«÷M¡VÝ` ^r `{X ‘m`m{dÚmH$m A{Yð>mZ Am¡a àH$meH$ Z hmoVmVmo Cg ~«÷Ho$ Ho$dbmÛ¡V‘| ‘m`m{dÚmH$m ApñVËd hr ^m{gV H¡$go hmo nmVm?AV… Bg ‘m`m `m A{dÚm ê$nr e¡VmZH$m {Zdm©hH$ nwZ… na‘oídañWmZr` ewÕ~«÷M¡VÝ` hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

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Y‘©emñÌm|Ûmam {Z{fÕ H$V©ì` "nmn' H$hbmVo h¢ naÝVw "nwÊ`' {H$go H$hZmAm¡a "nmn' {H$go H$hZm Bg {df`‘| {X g^r Y‘© EH$‘V hmoVo Vmo Y‘©gåàXm`m|Ho$~rM {ddmX `m H$bh H$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm hr Zht CR> nmVr !

""H¥$ÊdÝVmo {díd‘² Am ©‘²'' H$m d¡{XH$ AmXe© `m AmXoe ^r `{X AnZoAbmdm AÝ` ‘mZdg‘wXm`H$mo AZm © ‘mZ H$a Am © ~ZmZoH$s XwXm©ÝV Ah§H$ma^ar ‘Zmod¥{Îmgo J«ñV hmo Vmo àË oH$ g§doXZerb ‘mZd nyN>Zm MmhoJm {H$ AZm ©~Zo ahZo‘| Š`m Amn{Îm hmo gH$Vr h¡?

h‘mao nm¡am{UH$ {ed XwJm© JUn{V H$m{V©Ho$` hZw‘mZ am‘ {dîUw `m H¥$îUHo$ EH$‘mÌ H$ë`mUH$mar, `m EH$‘mÌ {d¿Zhmar, `m EH$‘mÌ gd©ì`mnr; AWdmEH$‘mÌ ‘mZdr` AmXe©H o $ ‘y{V ©‘mZ AWdm ~hþAm`m‘r Xodm{YXod(Multidimensional divinity) ñdê$n hmoZm, àMma‘mÜ`‘m|Ho$ àMwa Cn`moJHo$~mX, ^r {díd‘| g^rH$mo ‘mÝ` hmo nmVm hmo Eogo bjU Vmo {XIbm`r Zht XoVoh¢.

Ú{n Ho$dbmÛ¡V doXmÝVZo ‘m`m{dÚmH$mo AZm{XgmÝV ‘mZ H$a Cgo AY©emídV~ZmZoH$m EH$ amoMH$ Cnm` àñVwV {H$`m h¡. {’$a ^r `h gmÝVVm ‘m`m{dÚmHo$ñdê$nmnoj`m Z hmo H$a ‘w‘wjw ~«÷kmZr ì`pŠVH$s d¡ pŠVH$ AnojmH$m hrAZwgaU H$aVr h¡. AV… ñd`§H$mo ~«÷kmZÛmam ‘wŠV ~Zm boZodmbo g‘W©~«÷kmZr ^r {díd‘| AempÝVH$s O‹S> ‘m`m{dÚmH$m d¡pídH$ gÝX ©‘| {ZdmaUH$sgmoM Zht nmVm.

‘mZdr` Y‘©MoVZmH$s Eogr XwadñWm Bg VÏ`H$s gmjr h¡ {H$ VWmJV ~wÕ^JdmZ²Ho$ gd©Ñ{ï>àhmUmW© {X o J o ""gdª eyÝ`‘²'' CnXoeH$m ^r ñd §H$mogd©Ñ{ï>Am|go D$na CR>mZoHo$ ~Om` h‘Zo AnZo Abmdm AÝ` g^r Ñ{ï>`m§ H¡$go{‘Ï`mÑ{ï> h¢, Bgr CbPZ Am¡a Q>H$amd ‘| AnZo-AmnH$mo ^agH$ ’§$gm o aIZo‘|A{YH$ Cn`moJ {H$`m h¡.

gd©Ñ{ï>Am|Ho$ AàhmUmW© ^JdmZ² ‘hmdraHo$ AZ¡H$mpÝVH$dmXgo AZwào[aV hmoH$a ^r h‘Zo ñ`mX²dmXHo$ A§J yV Z hm| Eogo AñdH$s` Z`m|H$mo Aà‘m{UH$ hr‘mZ H$a empÝVñWmnZmHo$ à`mgm|‘| nwZ… AemÝV H$bhm|H$s hr ~‹T>moÎmar H$s h¡.dmX-à{VdmXm|H$s H$‹S>rH$mo bå~r ~ZmZoH$mo EH$ dmXmÝVaH$s Am¡a ~‹T>moÎmar H$s h¡.’$bV… gd©Ñ{ï>Am|na AZwJ¥h hmo Zht nm`m.

Z B©gmB`VHo$ Y‘© wÕ Am¡a Z BÝŠdr{µOeZ² Am¡a Z XrZ-Xw…pIOZm|H$s{ejm-{M{H$Ëgm Am{XHo$ OZgodmHo$ íbm¿`V‘ nwéfmW© hr OJV²‘| g^rH$moAmO VH$ B©gmB© ~Zm nm o.

Bgr Vah Z VbdmaHo$ ~bna Am¡a Z íbm¿`V‘ gy’$s gÝVm|H$s ào‘^mdZmHo$àMmaHo$ ~bna hr AmOH$s VmarI VH$ Vmo g‘J« OJV²H$mo ‘wgë‘mZ ~Zm`m OmgH$m h¡.

AV… nañna à{VñnYm© A{dídmg VWm Ag{hîUwVm Ho$ ‘Zmo mdm|na H$WpÄMV²H$m~y nmZm AmOH$s g~go ~‹S>r Amdí`H$Vm h¡ : naY‘©Ho$ à{V AnZo g{hîUw~Vm©dH$mo EH$ Ym{‘©H$ d«VHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZm AmO ‘mZdg‘wXm`Ho$ na‘Y‘©V`mh‘| ñdrH¥$V hmoZm Mm{h o. "g{hîUwVm' H$m AW© `h Zht {H$ {H$gr EH$ Y‘©-g§àXm`Ho$ AZwgma Omo YmaUm `m H$V©ì` AZwgaUr` Z hmo Cgo ^r AnZm boZm.naÝVw AÝ` H$moB© ì`pŠV `m g‘wXm` AnZo Y‘©Ho$ AmXem]©go {dnarV ^r H$moB©YmaUm `m H$V©ì` {Z^mZm MmhVm hmo Vmo Cgo amoH$Zm-Q>moH$Zm `m CÝh| N>mo‹S> XoZoH$mo{H$grH$mo ~aJbmZm Zht Mm{h o. ~eV}, dh YmaUm m H$V©ì` AÝ` Y‘©g‘wXm`H$moA^rï> YmaUm Ed§ H$V©ì` H$mo Zï> H$aZoH$m H$moB© fS>`ÝÌ Z hmo Vmo

naY‘©g{hîUw hmoZo‘| ~wamB© Š`m h¡?: `{X `h h‘ Zht ñdrH$maVo Vmo gmoMZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ AmpIa

H$~ VH$ {d{^ÝZ Y‘©-gåàXm` Amngr à{VñnYm© AWdm Ho$db AnZo Y‘©H$mohr EH$‘mÌ {dídY‘© ‘mZZo Am¡a ‘ZdmZoHo$ {ZaW©H$ ^«‘ AmË‘gå‘moh `mAm`mgm|‘| AnZo-AmnH$mo CbPm o aI|Jo?

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{díd‘| OZ‘Zodmbo {H$gr ^r ì`pŠVHo$ {b o AZwgaUr` Y‘© hmoZoHo$ AW©‘|Vmo H$moB© ^r Y‘©-gåàXm` {dídY‘© hmo gH$Vm h¡. naÝVw {díd‘| OZ‘ZodmbmàË oH$ ì`pŠV {Ogo AZwga nm | Eogo {dídY‘© hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| Vmo ‘wPo Zht bJVm{H$ AÚmd{Y àH$Q> {H$gr ^r Y‘©H$m Xmdm `WmW© {gÕ hmo nm oJm

AV… Š`m| Z g^r Y‘©-gåàXm` àMma-àgmadmXr ~ZZoHo$ ~Om`ñdñdY‘m©Zwð>mZ‘| VËna ah H$a AnZo-AnZo AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo ñdY‘m©{^àoV {Xem‘|A{YH$m{YH$ AJ«ga ~ZmZoHo$ {H$gr ZyVZ nwéfmW©H$m ew maå^ H$a| Eogm H$aZo‘|{H$gr ^r Y‘©-gåàXm`H$mo H$moB© hm{Z nhm|M gH$Vr Zht Am¡a Y‘©-gåàXm`m|Ho$H$maU {díd‘| Am o {XZ ~‹T>Vo {ddmX `m H$bh go n¡Xm hmoZodmbr AempÝVH$moXya {H$`m Om gHo$Jm.

naY‘©g{hîUw ~ZZogo bm^ Š`m hmoJm?: {d{^ÝZ Y‘©-gåàXm`m|Ho$ ~rM Amngr N>rZm-PnQ>r Zht ah Om oJr Vmo

Adí` Amngr à{VñnYm© H$‘ hmo Om`oJr. Amngr à{VñnYm© H$‘ hmoZoHo$n[aUm‘V`m Amngr {dídmg ^r Adí` hr nZn nm oJm. AÝV‘| dh Amngr{dídmg Amngr gX² md Am¡a gm¡hmX© ‘| Š`m| pIb Zht nm oJm ! AÝVYm©{‘©H${ddmhHo$ Omo ^r Hw$N> bm^mbm^ g‘mOemñÌr {XIbmVo hm| ‘¢ ~hmoV g‘W©H$ ZhmoZona ^r EH$ ew bjU Bg‘| BVZm Adí` ‘mZVm hÿ§ {H$ h‘ Y‘©g§H$sU©VmH$s‘Zmod¥{Îmdmbo àm¡T> nrT>rH$s VwbZm‘| jrUVa Y‘©{Zð>mdmbr `wdmnrT>r EH$-XygaoHo$ à{V {dídmg Vmo àH$Q> H$a nmVr h¡ ! C{MV hmoVm {H$ AnZo-AnZo Y‘©-gåàXm`Ho$ à{V Ñ‹T> à{V~ÕVm aIVo hþdo h‘ BZ Zd wdH$-Zd wd{VAm|Ho$ O¡gmnmañn[aH$ {dídmg OJm nmVo ! AV… ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dídempÝVHo$ hoVwAmngr gX² md Am¡a gm¡hmX© Ho$ A{^d¥ÕçW© Amngr N>rZm-PnQ>r ~ÝX hmoZrMm{h`o.

g^r Y‘©-gåàXm`m|‘| Y‘m}nXoeH$m|Zo Ë`mJr {daŠV gÝV ‘hmnwéf hmoZoHo$VWm ñdY‘©Ho$ àMma-àgmaHo$ hoVw ‘‘VmñnX ^m¡{VH$ gwIgw{dYmAm|Ho$ Ë`mJHo$

CÀMVa AmXe© OZVm‘| {ZíM` hr ñWm{nV {H$ o hr h¢. naÝVw AmO CgAhÝVmHo$ Ë`mJH$s Amdí`H$Vm A{YH$ h¡ Omo AhÝVm h‘| h‘mao Abmdmg^rH$mo h‘mao AnZo Y‘©H$m AZwJm‘r ~ZmZoHo$ {d{dY Cnm`m|H$mo AnZmZoH$mo h‘|CH$gmVr ahVr h¡ !

Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm Bg g¥{ï>H$m gÀMm gm¡ÝX © h¡ ! : ‘¢ Zht ‘mZVm {H$ g^r Y‘m]H$mo `m {H$gr ^r EH$ Y‘©H$mo hR>mV² Xygao {H$gr

Y‘©Ho$ gmW {‘b OmZm Mm{h o AWdm g^r Y‘m}Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo g^r Y‘m]Ho$Ho$ÝÐm|‘| Zm°Z²-H$på‘Q>oS²> Qw>arñQ²>g² AWm©V² Aà{V~Õ g¡bmZrH$s Vah bQ>ma bJmZrMm{h`o.

Š`m|{H$ `{X {H$gr CÚmZHo$ ^rVa d¥jm| Ed§ nwînm| H$s {d{dYVm {ddmX `mH$bh H$m hoVw Zht ~ZVr. `{X {H$gr IoV `m I{bhmZ ‘| ImÚmÝZm| VWmImÚ’$bm| H$s {d{dYVm {ddmX `m H$bh H$m hoVw Zht ~ZVr. `{X {H$grhmoQ>b-aoñQ>moa|Q>‘| ImÚgm‘J«rH$s {d{dYVm O~ {ddmX `m H$bh H$m hoVw Zht~ZVr Vmo {’$a Š`m H$maU h¡ {H$ ‘mZdOm{V‘| na‘oída Am¡a Y‘© H$s g§H$ënZmAm|H$s{d{dYVmH$mo h‘Zo BVZo {ddmX, BVZo H$bh; Am¡a BVZr AempÝV H$m hoVw ~ZmaIm h¡? {H$grH$mo Jwbm~H$s gwJÝY ^mVr hmo Vmo Š`m H$moB© M‘obrdmXr ~Z H$a`m ‘moJamdmXr ~Z H$a CgHo$ gmW à{VñnYm© H$s gmoM nmVm h¡ Am¡a {H$grHo$M‘obrdmXr `m ‘moJamdmXr ~Z OmZona Š`m Jwbm~H$s Ý yZVm `m AdhobZm H$m‘Zmo md H$^r-{H$grHo$ ‘Z‘| C^aVm h¡ Š`m?

{’$a^r {ddmX Am¡a H$bh V~ ~‹T> OmVo h¢ O~ H$moB© M‘obrdmXr ~Z H$a`m ‘moJamdmXr ~Z H$a Jwbm~Ho$ CÚmZm|H$mo COm‹S> XoZoHo$ ‘ZmoaW à{Vkm `m`moOZm MwnMmn `m Mm¡‹S>oYm‹S>o K‹S>Zm MmhVm h¡. AWdm Jwbm~ào{‘Am|H$mo AnZrM‘obrdmXr `m ‘moJamdmXr jwÐ ‘mZ{gH$ é½UVmHo$ de H$moB© Jwbm~ nwînH$sMmhZm Nw>‹S>dm H$a M‘obr `m ‘moJao H$m MmhH$ ~ZmZm MmhVm h¡. ~g dhm§go{ddmX Am¡a nañna A{dídmg ~‹T>Zo bJ OmVm h¡. Z {H$grH$mo ~«oS> `m {~pñH$Q>ImVo XoI H$a nyar `m bÈx> ImZoHo$ emoIrZH$mo AnZo {à` ^moÁ` nXmW©H$s Ý yZVm

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`m AdhobZm bJVr h¡ Am¡a Z Bg‘| {H$gr Vah à{VñnYm©H$m ^md hr {H$gr‘Zwî`Ho$ ^rVa OJVm h¡.

Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm H$bhH$m hoVw Zht naÝVw EH$m{YH$m[aVmH$s ‘ZmoJ«pÝW‘|hr gmao H$bhHo$ ~rO ahVo h¢:

AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Y‘m]H$s {d{dYVm H$bhH$m hoVw Zht naÝVw Ho$dbAnZo hr Y‘©H$mo g~Ho$ CÕmaH$m EH$‘mÌ Cnm` ‘mZZm H$bhH$m ~rO ~ZVm h¡.O~ AÝ` g‘wXm` Eogr ‘hÎmm {H$gr EH$ Y‘©H$s ñdrH$ma Z nm o V~ AnZoY‘©J«ÝW Y‘©àdV©H$ VWm AnZo na‘oídaHo$ ñdê$nH$s AdhobZm ‘mZZm hr{díd‘| Ym{‘©H$ AempÝV Am¡a H$bh H$m ‘yb hoVw {gÕ hþdm h¡.

{dídmoÕmaHo$ EH$m{YH$mar hmoZoH$s ‘ZmoJ«pÝWna H$m~y H¡$go nm`m Om gH$Vmh¡?:

AV… Bg Xw{dYmH$mo {‘Q>mZm hmo Vmo g^r Y‘m]Ho$ {Zð>merb AZwJm{‘Am| Ed§àMmaH$m| Ho$ {b o EH$ Cn`moJr Cnm` `h C{MV bJVm h¡ {H$ g^r Y‘©-gåàXm` `{X B©ídadmXr hm| Vmo AnZo-AnZo na‘oídaHo$ ñdê$nHo$ AZwgÝYmZ‘|VËna ~Z|. AWdm AZrídadmXr hm| Vmo CZH$mo A{^‘V g¥{ï>Ho$ g§MmbH$ emídV{Z`‘m|Ho$ AZwgÝYmZ‘| VËna ~Z|. {dídempÝVHo$ hoVw nwZ… BZH$m ñdê$nmZwgÝYmZH$a| VWm Cg ñdê$nHo$ à{V AnZr AmñWmH$mo ñd § Ñ‹T>VmHo$ gmW {Z^m |. `m|AÝ`mÝ` Y‘m]Ho$ AZwgaU H$aZodmbo ‘mZdg‘wXm`Ho$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVmH$m AÝV‘|Ë`mJ H$a X|.

naY‘m©Zw mB©Am|Ho$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVmH$mo Ë`mJ XoZoHo$ H${Vn` hoVw: (1)‘m¡{bH$ {Z`m‘H$H$s EH$Vm : {dídY‘© hmoZoHo$ XmdoXma àm`… g^r Y‘©,

`{X B©ídadmXr hmoVo h¢ Vmo, Cg na‘oídaH$s EH$Vm CZ g^r Y‘m]H$s AmYma yVYmaUm ñdrH$mar hþ r {XIbmB© XoVr h¡. Omo Y‘© B©ídadmXr Zht do ^r AnZo-AnZo Y‘©gåàXm`H$mo A{^àoV {díd{Z`m‘H$ emídV Y‘©{Z`‘H$s EH$Vm‘| Vmo{dídmg aIVo hr h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘| {dídH$Vm© Am¡a/AWdm {díd{Z`‘ Ho$ EH$hmoZona àË oH$ Y‘©‘| AmñWm aIZodmboH$m `h H$V©ì` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {díd‘|

g^r ì`pŠVAm|H$mo Cg na‘oídaHo$ gË` Ed§ ew g§H$ënHo$ AZwgma; AWdm CZgË` Ed§ ew {Z`‘Ho$ AZwgma, ào[aV VWm em{gV ‘mZ|. Š`m|{H$ `{X H$moB© EH$hr na‘oída `m EH$ hr Y‘© g~H$m EH$‘mÌ {Z`m‘H$ hmo Vmo; Am¡a, dhAew epŠV Z hmo H$a gd©Wm gd©k gd©epŠV gd©ew hmo Vmo {H$gH$m H$~ {H$gY‘m}nm`go CÕma H$aZm `h CgHo$ g§H$ën Am¡a gm‘Ï © AWdm Eogo {Z`‘ Ho$^amogo MbZodmbr ~mV hmoZr Mm{h`o. ì`W©‘| AÝ`Y‘m]H$mo AZwgaZodmbm|H$s{MÝVm {H$gr EH$ Y‘©H$mo AZwgaZodmbo Agd©k Ag‘W© ‘mZdH$mo Š`m| H$aZrMm{h o? AnZo Y‘©J«ÝWHo$ AZwgma AÝ` H$moB© Y‘© AY‘©H$s Vah bJVm ^r hmoVmo ^r. g^r gä` g‘mO‘| gm‘m{OH$ AnamYH$Vm©H$mo XÊS> O¡go Ý`m`mb` hrXoVm h¡ ZmJ[aH$ Zht, Cgr Vah Ym{‘©H$ g‘mO‘| XÊS>XmVm hmoZoH$m EH$m{YH$marna‘oídaH$mo hr ‘mZZm Mm{h o. H$mZyZH$mo Cg na‘oídaHo$ hmW‘|go N>rZZm ^r EH$AZrídadm{XVmH$m bjU ‘mZm OmZm Mm{h o. AWm©V² na‘oídaH$s Ý`m{`VmHo$^amogo EH$-XygaoH$mo N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{h o. ~Om` Ho$ Cg na‘oídaHo$ A{YH$maH$moAnZo hmW‘| N>rZ boZoHo$. `{X h‘ Y‘©ào‘r BVZm ^r g§ ‘ Zht {Z^m nmVo VmoCgH$s EH$Vm‘|, CgH$s gd©kVm‘|, CgH$s gd©epŠV‘Îmm Am¡a Ý`m`nyU©Vm ‘|ñd § h‘Zo hr AmñWm Imo Xr Eogm ‘mZZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡. EVXW© h‘XoI gH$Vo h¢ na‘oídaH$s EH$Vm H¡$go {d{^ÝZ Y‘m}Ho$ {b o AmYma yV YmaUmahr h¡.

`Ú{n {hÝXwAm|H$mo Amaå^‘| EHo$ídadm{XAm|Zo ~hþXoddmXr ‘mZ {b`m WmdñVwV… Vmo {hÝXwAm|Ho$ Xodm|H$s ~hþbVm CZHo$ ~«÷H$s EH$‘odm{ÛVr`VmHo$ AÝVJ©Vhr ñdrH$mar J`r YmaUm h¡. O¡go EHo$ídadm{XAm|‘| AZoH$ gÝVm|H$m ñdrH$maEHo$ídadmXHo$ Ë`mJH$m à‘mU Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm R>rH$ d¡go hr. Eogo hr{hÝXwAm|‘| XodJUm|H$s AZoH$Vm ^r CZHo$ EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«÷Ho$ EH$ËdH$mo ybH$a ‘mÝ` Zht aIr J`r h¡. Bgo h‘ BZ lw{VdMZm|‘| gwñnï>V`m XoI gH$Vo h¢:-

1.{hÝXwY‘©:`mo Z… {nVm O{ZVm `mo {dYmVm Ym‘m{Z doX wdZm{Z {dídm `mo

XodmZm§ Zm‘Ym EH$Ed V§ g§àíZ§ wdZm `ÝË`Ý`m.

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(F$Šg§{hVm : 10&82&3) EH$mo Xod… gd© yVofw JyT>… gd©ì`mnr gd© yVmÝVamË‘m H$‘m©Ü`j…

gd© yVm{Ydmg… gmjr MoVm Ho$dbmo {ZJ©wUíM.(ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 6&11) AW h¡Z§ {dX½Y… emH$ë`… nàÀN>-H${V Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` !

B{V. gh EV ¡d {Z{dXm à{VnoXo `mdÝVmo d¡ídXodñ` {Z{d{X CÀ`ÝVo.Ì`… M, Ìr M eVmÌ`… M, Ìr M ghòm B{V. Amo‘² B{V hmodmM.

H$Ë od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` ! B{V. Ì`pņ̃eX² B{V. Amo‘² B{VhmodmM. H$Ë`od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` ! B{V. fS²> B{V. Amo‘² B{VhmodmM. H$Ë od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` ! B{V. Ì`… B{V. Amo‘² B{VhmodmM. H$Ë od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` B{V. Ûm¡ B{V. Amo‘² B{V hmodmM.H$Ë od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` ! B{V. AY©… B{V. Amo‘² B{V hmodmM.H$Ë od Xodm…? `mkdëŠ` ! B{V. EH$… B{V. Amo‘² B{V hmodmM...ghmodmM ‘{h‘mZEd Efm‘² EVo Xodm….

(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 3&9&2) g Wm D$U©Zm{^… VÝVwZm CÀMaoX² Wm A½Zo… jwÐm… {dñ’w${b“m

ì wÀMapÝV Ed‘od Añ‘mX² AmË‘Z… gd} àmUm… gd} bmoH$m… gd}Xodm… gdm©{U yVm{Z ì wÀMapÝV. Vñ` Cn{ZfV² gË`ñ` gË`‘² B{VàmUm… d¡ gË § Vofm‘² Ef gË`‘².

(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&1&20)

Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ O¡gm gdm}nmXmZ gd©{Z`m‘H$ gdm©Ë‘H$ VÎd ~m¡Õ Y‘©‘| ‘mÝ`Zht h¡. {’$a ^r ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n‘| OJV²H$mo eyÝ` ‘mZZm Am¡a Cg eyÝ`H$mo A-ZmZm‘mZZm g^r oXm|Ho$ ^rVa ^ar hþ r {H$gr ‘m¡{bH$ EH$VmH$m ñdrH$ma Vmo h¡ hr.`Wm-

2.~m¡ÕY‘©:

AnaàË` § emÝV§ ànÄM¡… AànpÄMV‘²A{dH$ën‘² AZmZmW©‘² EVV² VÎdñ` bjU‘².

(‘Ü`‘H$emñÌ‘² : 18&9)

AVEd b§H$mdVmagyÌ‘| Vmo `hm§ VH$ {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡ {H$ Eogo eyÝ`‘|Am^m{gV hmoVo ê$nm| Am¡a Zm‘m| H$mo wbm H$a XoIZoH$m à`mg H$aZona gmaooXJ«mhr àË`` {dbwßV hmo OmVo h¢. ê$nZm‘a{hV VÎdH$s AZw y{V‘| dñVwVÎdHo$

~mao‘| {H$gr ^r VahHo$ {dH$ënH$m {dYmZ eŠ` Zht ah OmVm h¡. Bgo hrdñVwVÎdH$s "VWVm' H$hm OmVm h¡. `h gd©gm‘mÝ` A{d^ŠV A{ddoÀ` VWVmhr na‘ gË` h¡. {H$ÝVw Bgo hr "gË`' "{dkmZ' "bmoH$mVrVàkm' "{ddoH$n[anmH$'Am{X H$hm OmVm h¡. `h {ZamH$ma g§{dX² hr na‘ gË`H$m Ma‘ñdê$n h¡ {Ogog^r ~wÕm|Zo Y‘© Kmo{fV {H$`m h¡. O~ BgHo$ AZwgma gmar VÏ`m|H$mo g‘PZoH$mCÚ‘ hmoVm h¡ V~ H$moB© nma‘m{W©H$ kmZgo gånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡ (Ð.b§H$mdVmagyÌ‘²: 83). O~ OJV²Ho$ à{V h‘ Eogr eyÝ`Ñ{ï>H$s ‘hÎmm ñdrH$ma gH$Vo hm| VmoH$maU Š`m {H$ Eogo OJV²Ho$ AÝVJ©V àH$Q>o Y‘©gåàXm`m|Ho$ ~mao‘| Cgr eyÝ`Ñ{ï>H$s‘hÎmm Z ‘mZ| ! Bg gÝX ©‘| eyÝ`Ñ{ï>H$s CnmXo VmH$mo H¡$go BÝH$mam Om gH$Vmh¡? nma‘m{W©H$ eyÝ`Vm‘| hr Y‘©gåàXm`m|Ho$ ê$nZm‘mË‘H$ à oX ^r ñdrH$maZonaBZ à oXm|‘| ahr AmYma yV eyÝ ¡H$VmH$m BÝH$ma ^r eŠ` Zht.

Bg Vah XoIZona `h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~m¡Õ Y‘©Ho$ AZwgma O~ gmaoOmJ{VH$ oXm|Ho$ nrN>o dmñV{dH$Vm eyÝ`mÛ`H$s hmo Vmo Y‘©-gåàXm`m|Ho$ {d oXHo$nrN>o ^r dhr eyÝ`mÛ` ñdrH$ma boZo‘| H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ H$Wm hmoZr Zht Mm{h o.`hr VÏ` `hþXr Y‘©Ho$ ^r B©ídagå~ÝYr {dYmZm|Ho$ AmYmana H$hm Om gH$Vmh¡.

3.`hþXrY‘©:

na‘oídaZo Bgam`b²go H$hm, ""Š`m|{H$ Vw‘Zo ‘wPo AZoH$mZoH$ê$nm|‘| XoIm h¡ Bg{b o Eogo ‘V ‘mZ boZm {H$ na‘oída AZoH$ hmoVo h¢.

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na‘oída Vmo gXm EH$ hr hmoVm h¡. ‘¢ hr EH$mH$s Vwåhmam na‘oída hÿ§''.a~mB bodrZo H$hm, ""na‘oída EH$ Xn©UH$s Vah CZHo$ gm‘Zo àH$Q>hþdm {H$ {Og‘| AZoH$ ‘wI à{V{~på~V hmo OmVo h¢; hOmam| bmoJ CgoXoI gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a AnZm à{V{~å~ {Zhma gH$Vo h¢.'' AVEdna‘oída O~ Bgam`{bAm|go ~mV H$aZo bJm Vmo àË`oH$H$mo EogràVr{V hþ r {H$ na‘oída ì`pŠVe… CgrHo$ gmW ~mV H$a ahm Wm.

(nopñVH$m H$hmZm 109~r-10E)

A{YH$ Xya OmZm gd©Wm AZmdí`H$ h¡ Ho$db Bg {Xì` ahñ`H$mo h‘öX`go ñdrH$ma nm | {H$ àË oH$ Y‘©g§ñWmnH$m| hþB© na‘oídaH$s {Xì`mZw y{V‘|na‘oídaZo `h AnZr na‘ào‘nyU© H¥$nmbwVm àH$Q> H$s hr Wr {H$ g^r Y‘© Eogmg‘P nm | {H$ na‘oída Ho$db Cg Y‘©Ho$ ñWmnH$ Am¡a CgHo$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho${b o hr {deofV… AZwJ«herb h¡. O~ VH$ EH$XygaoHo$ Y‘©J«ÝWm|H$mo XoI nmZoH$sgw{dYm CnbãY Zht Wr V~ `h na‘oídaH$s AZwJ«herbVmH$m bm^ {H$gr EH$Y‘©H$m EH$m{YH$ma ‘moZmonmobr ‘mZZm EH$ ~mbgwb^ ^mobmnZ hmo gH$Vm Wm.Am¡a Eogo Bg ^mobonZHo$ H$maU hþdo Ym{‘©H$ H$bh ^r ~mbH$bhH$s Vah jå`‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢. AmO naÝVw O~ h‘ EH$-XygaoHo$ Y‘©J«ÝWm|H$mo XoI nmVo h¢,CÝh| gÀMo gÝX ©‘| g‘P nmVo h¢, V~ ^r Ho$db AnZo hr Y‘©H$mo na‘oídaH$sH¥$nmH$m EH$m{YH$mar ‘mZZm h‘mar AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ahñ`m|H$mo ^br^m§{V Z g‘PnmZoH$s ‘y‹T>Vm hr bJVr h¡. AVEd B©gmB© Y‘©‘| ^r `h na‘oídaH$s EH$Vm CVZohr ^manyd©H$ ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. `Wm-

4.B©gmB©Y‘©:

‘¢ Vwåhmam na‘oída hÿ§ Am¡a ‘oao {gdm Xygam H$moB© h¡ Zht. ‘oao{gdm Xygam H$moB© na‘oída h¡ hr Zht.

(B©gmBAm : 45.5).

na‘oídaH$m Eogo H$hZm {H$ ""‘¢ Vwåhmam na‘oída hÿ§'' `{X {g’©$ go‘o{Q>H$Om{VHo$ {b o hmoVm Vmo ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm {H$ AÝ` Zm°Z-go‘o{Q>H$ Om{VHo$ {b odh na‘oída Zht hmoVm. V~ Vmo na‘oída hmoZm H$moB© MmMm `m VmC O¡goBVaoVagmnoj gå~ÝYH$s H$Wm {gÕ hmoJr. na‘oídaHo$ {Zanoj ñdê$nH$s Zht.~m`~b² naÝVw Eogo gmnoj gå~ÝYHo$ AW©‘| Cgo na‘oída Zht ‘mZVr A{nVw ""‘oao{gdm Xygam H$moB© na‘oída Zht h¡'' {dYmZÛmam CgH$m {Zanoj ñdê$n hr na‘oídahmoZoH$m {Zê${nV H$aVr h¡. V~ Vmo {gÕ hmo J`m {H$ dh g^rHo$ {b o na‘oídah¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| go‘o{Q>H$m|H$mo bJo {H$ dh CZH$m na‘oída h¡. ho‘o{Q>H$m|H$mo bJo{H$ CZH$m h¡. Bgr Vah AÝ` ^r {dídH$s ZrJ«mo, aoS> B§{S>`Ýg², ‘§Jmo{b`Z `m^maVr` Am{X g^r ‘mZdOm{V`m|H$mo bJo {H$ na‘oída Ho$db CZna hr H¥$nmerbh¡. Vmo Bgo ñnYm© m B©î`m© H$m hoVw Z ~Zm H$a na‘oídaHo$ àm{U‘mÌna AZwJ«herbhmoZoHo$ AmídmgZHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$ma boZm hr dmñV{dH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ gyP~yPH$hmbm`oJr.

5.Bñbm‘:

µHw$b² hþdëbmhþ AhXwZ², Aëbmhþñg‘Xw, b‘² `{bX², d b‘²ybX², d b‘² `Hw$ëbhþ Hw$’w$dZ² Ah²XwZ².

(Hw$Am©Z-ear’$,gyaVwb² B»bm{g : 112)

AWm©V² ""H$hmo {H$ Aëbmh EH$ h¡. AÝ`mYmaa{hV Aëbmh hr g~H$mAmYma h¡. Z dh {H$grH$s Am¡bmX h¡ Am¡a Z CgH$s H$moB© Am¡bmX hmoVr h¡. Am¡aZ H$moB© CgHo$ g‘mZ hr hmo gH$Vm h¡.'' o Hw$Am©Z ear’$H$m {dYmZ ^r `Ú{nB©gmB©Am|Ho$ hmobr ’$mXa Am¡a hmobr gZ² Ho$ Û¡VdmXr {gÕmÝVHo$ {déÕ OmVr ~mVbJVr h¡. naÝVw Hw$Am©Z ear’$‘| `h ñnï>V`m ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ {H$ ""æ wA²{Vb²-{hŠ‘V ‘¢`emC'' (Hw$.e.gyaVwb² ~µH$a… : 3&269) AWm©V² ""dh {OgH$moMmhVm h¡ Cgo hr g‘P XoVm h¡.'' Vmo `m Vmo Cgo njnmVr ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm {H${H$grH$mo gÀMr g‘P XoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$grH$mo ImoQ>r. AWdm {’$a dhr EH$Aëbmh g~H$mo EH$O¡gr g‘P Zht XoVm hmo Vmo. O¡gr g‘P dh {Ogo XoVm h¡Cgr g‘PH$mo AZwgaZm CgHo${b o Y‘© hmoZm Mm{h o. Mmho AÝ`m|H$mo CgZo d¡gr

281 282

g‘P Z r Xr hmo V~ r AnZoH$mo Xr hþ r g‘PHo$ AZwgma ~aVZm hr CgHo${b oY‘© hmo nm oJm AÝ`Wm Cg EH$‘od A{ÛVr`H$s BÀN>mHo$ {dnarV ^r {H$grH$moMbVm ‘mZZona, `m Vmo CgH$s gm‘Ï ©‘| {H$gr VahH$s Ý yZVm {gÕ hmoJr;AWdm CgH$s BÀN>mHo$ {dnarV MbZoH$m AnamYr ~ZZm n‹S>oJm. AVEd Hw$Am©Z-ear’$‘| `h ~`mZ ^r ’$‘m© m J`m h¡, ""h‘Zo (g‘`-g‘`na) Vw‘‘|go ha EH$({’$H}$)Ho$ {b o EH$ ear`V Am¡a VarH$… {X`m Am¡a AJa Aëbmh MmhVm VmoVw‘ g~H$mo EH$ hr XrZ na H$a XoVm. bo{H$Z (AbJ-AbJ ear`V Am¡a VarH$…XoZo‘|) `h ‘µH$gX ahm h¡ {H$ (g‘`-g‘` na) Omo hþŠ‘ Vw‘H$mo {X o OmVo ahoh¢ CZ (hr)‘| Vw‘H$mo AmµO‘m o. gmo (B©‘mZdmbmo) Vw‘ ZoH$ H$m‘m|H$s Va’$EH$Xygaogo AmJo ~‹T>ZoH$s H$mo{ee H$amo'' (Hw$.e.gyaVwb² ‘mBX… : 5&48).AVEd `ht AëbmhZo Omo EH$ Amkm ‘wgë‘mZm|H$mo Xr h¡, ""`m Eo whëbOrZAm‘Zy bm VÎmpIOwb²-`hÿX dÝZgmam Am¡{b`mA'' (Hw$.e.gyaVwb²‘mBX… : 5&51)AWm©V² ‘wgë‘mZm|H$mo `hþXr Am¡a B©gmB©Am|Ho$ gmW H$^r XmoñVr Zht aIZrMm{h o. Bg AmkmH$m ^r ‘yb VmËn © CZHo$ Y‘m]H$mo Zï> H$aZo‘| Z hmo H$a CÝh|{Og Vahgo Y‘m©km Xr J`r h¢ CZ Y‘m©kmAm|go ñd §H$s Y‘©{Zð>mH$mo ‘wgë‘mZH$ht {e{Wb Z ~Zm b| BVZo hr A{^àm`Ho$ AZwgma boZr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$Hw$amZonmH$‘| Aëbmh V²AmbmZo `h ^r ’$‘m© m h¡, ""dëbmhþ bm w{hã~wb‘w’²${gXrZ'' (dht : 5&64) AWm©V² Aëbmh ’$gmX ’¡$bmZodmbm|H$mo XmoñV ZhtahZo XoVm. AV… Y‘©Ho$ Zm‘na ’$gmX ’¡$bmZm AëbmhH$mo ^r ngÝX Zht h¡, `hVmo {gÕ hmoVm hr h¡.

EVmdVm {gÕ hþdm {H$ BZ g^r Y‘m]‘| na‘oída EH$ hr hmoVm h¡ Xygam H$moB©na‘oída Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm. gmo A~ Cgo "~«÷' "eyÝ`' "`hmo~m' "hmobr’$mXa'`m "Aëbmh' Omo Mmhmo Zm‘ Xo Xmo o gmao Zm‘ oX hr hmo gH$Vo h¢ VÎd oX VmoZht. `{X BVZr ~mV g‘P‘| Am o Vmo Xygao Y‘m]Ho$ na‘oídaHo$ à{V Ame§{H$V`m AmV§{H$V hmoZoH$s Oê$aV Š`m h¡?

EH$ AÝ` gÝX ©‘| ‘hmË‘m Jm§YrHo$ H$ho EH$ CX²Jma, ‘wPo bJVm h¡, `hm§^r bmJy H$aZo Mm{h |. CÝhm|Zo H$ht H$hm Wm {H$ ""`h YaVr AnZo D$naOZ‘Zodmbo ha BÝgmZHo$ noQ>H$mo ^aZo bm`H$ AZmO Vmo n¡Xm H$a gH$Vr h¡ naÝVw

ha O‘mImoaHo$ ^ÊS>maH$mo ^amnyam aI nm o BVZm AZmO n¡Xm Zht H$a gH$Vr.''Bgr Vah na‘oídaH$H$s EH$bVm àË oH$ Y‘©gåàXm`Ho$ ‘w‘wjwH$m CÕma H$aZo Vmog‘W© hmo gH$Vr h¡ naÝVw àË oH$ Y‘©gåàXm`Ho$ OJV²Ho$ àË oH$ ‘Zwî`Ho$ CÕmaHo$EH$m{YH$maHo$ XmdoH$mo Ý`m`mo{MV Zht R>ham nm oJr ! {H$gr r Y‘©gåàXm`m{^‘Vna‘oídaHo$ EH$Ëd‘| CVZr gm‘Ï © Zht h¡ CgHo$ gd©OZmoÕmaHo$ EH$m{YH$maHo$XmdoH$m dh {Zdm©h H$a nm o !

AV… àË oH$ Y‘©gåàXm`H$mo A{^‘V na‘oídaHo$ EH$ËdH$m {dMma H$aZonaY‘m]H$s {d{dYVm H$bh Zht àË wV na‘oídaHo$ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ CÕmamon`moJrgm‘Ï`©Ho$ {d{dY gm¡ÝX`m]Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZm hr {dídempÝVHo$ {b`o EH$‘hÎdnyU© hoVw ~Z gH$Vm h¡.

(2)na‘oídaH$m gdm©{Vem`r VWm gd©epŠV‘mZ² hmoZm : na‘oídaH$mgdm©{Vem`r VWm gd©epŠV‘mZ hmoZm ^r g^r Y‘m]H$mo A{^‘V h¡. AV…na‘oídaHo$ Eogo gm‘Ï ©H$m {dMma H$aZona ^r naY‘m©Zw m`rHo$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVmgog^r Y‘©gåàXm`m|H$mo ‘wŠV hmoZm Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡, {dídempÝVHo$ hµH$‘|.Š`m|{H$ O~ dh gdm©{Vem`r h¡ hr V~ AÝ`mÝ` Y‘m}H$mo A{^‘V ê$ndmbona‘oídaH$s bmoJ AmamYZm H$a| Bg ~mao‘| CgH$s ‘m¡Z AZw‘{V ‘mZo {~Zm H$moB©J{V hr Zht ah OmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ naY‘m©{^‘V na‘oídaH$m `{X ApñVËd Z hmoVmo S>aZoH$m H$moB© H$maU Zht Am¡a hmo Vmo àË oH$ Y‘©H$mo ñdY‘m©{^‘V na‘oídaHo$gdm©{Vem`r hmoZoHo$ VÏ`H$mo wbm Zht XoZm Mm{h o ! AV… Z Vmo ~«÷go eyÝ`H$sH$moB© à{VñnYm© hmo gH$Vr h¡. Z eyÝ`go `hmo~m hr à{VñnYm© H$a gH$Vm h¡. Z`hmo~mgo hmobr’$mXa à{VñnYm© H$a gH$Vm h¡. Am¡a Z hmobr’$mXago Aëbmh hr! Š`m|{H$ o g^r gdm©{Vem`r gd©epŠV‘mZ h¢ ! AVEd o AZoH$ hmo ZhtgH$Vo. AV… BÝh| Zm‘ oXgo hr Ho$db {^ÝZ hmoZm n‹S>oJm. Am¡a Eogm ñdrH$maVohr naY‘m©Zw m`rHo$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVmgo g^r Y‘©gåàXm`m|H$mo ‘wŠV hmo OmZm AmOh‘mam na‘Y‘© hmoZm Mm{h`o. g^rZo AnZo-AnZo na‘oídaH$mo gdm©{Vem`rgd©epŠV‘mZ H¡$go ‘mZm h¡, `h XoI boZm ^r AV… àmg§{JH$ hr hmoJm.

1.{hÝXwY‘©:

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V‘² B©ídamUm§ na‘§ ‘hoída§ V§ XodVmZm§ na‘§ M X¡dV§ nqV nVrZm§na‘§ nañVmX² {dXm‘ Xod§ wdZoe‘² B©S²>ç§, Z Vñ` H$m ª H$aU§ {dÚVoZ VËg‘… M Aä`{YH$… M Ñí`Vo. namñ` epŠV… {d{dY¡d ly Voñdm^m{dH$s kmZ~b{H«$`m M.

(ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 6&7-8)

AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cg Xodm{YXodHo$ ~am~a H$moB© O~ hmo Zht gH$VmVmo {’$a CgH$s BÀN>mHo$ {dnarV ~m¡Õ O¡Z `hþXr B©gmB© `m Bñbm‘ Am{X {d{dYY‘© {díd‘| Mb H¡$go gH$Vo h¢? AV… BZ Y‘m}H$mo AZwgaZodmbm|Ho$ CÕmaH$s{ZaW©H$ {MÝVm h‘ {hÝXwAm|H$mo Š`m| H$aZr Mm{h o? O¡Z VWm ~m¡Õ Y‘m]Ho$ AmÚàdV©H$m|H$mo nwamUm|‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dîUwHo$ AdVmaê$noU ‘mZm OmZm ^r ñnï>V`m BgVÏ`H$mo nwï> H$aVm h¡ {H$ h‘ {hÝXwAm|Ho$ na‘mamÜ` ^JdmZ² {dîUwHo$ g§H$ëndemV²hr {hÝXwY‘©Ho$ {damoYr Y‘m]H$s ^r àdV©Zm OJV²‘| hþ r h¡.

2,3.`hþXr VWm B©gmB© Y‘©: na‘oída hr gXm Am¡a gd©Xm emgZ H$aVm h¡.

(~m`~b²-EŠµOmoS>g² : 15&18) ‘Zwî`Ho$ {b o H$moB© H$m‘ AeŠ` hmo gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw na‘oídaHo$

{b o H$moB© H$m‘ AeŠ` Zht.(~m`~b² ‘mH©$ : 10&27)

EVmdVm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ `hþXr Am¡a B©gmB© Y‘m]Ho$ AZwgma ^r `{Xna‘oídaH$mo {d{dY Y‘© MbZo Z XoZo hmoVo Vmo CÝh| ~ÝX H$adm XoZm CgHo$ {b oAeŠ` Zht Wm. {’$a AÝ` {H$gr ^r Y‘©H$mo AZwgaZodmbo bmoJm|Ho$ CÕmaH$s{MÝVm `hþXr `m B©gmB©Am| H$mo ^r Š`m| H$aZr Mm{h o?

4.Bñbm‘:

(H$){bëbm{h ‘wëHw$ñg‘mdm{V db²A{µO© d ‘m {’${hÝZ d hþdAbm Hw$pëb e¡BZ µH$XréZ².''

(Hw$.e.gyaVwb²‘mBX… : 5&120) (I)Ab‘² Va AÝZëbmh IbµH$ñg‘mdm{V db²AµO© {~b²h²pµŠµH$

Bª eA² wO{hãHw$‘² d `A²{V {~Ib²{µH$Z² OXr{XZ².(Hw$.e.gya… B~«m{h‘² : 14&19)

AWm©V² (H$)AmH$me Am¡a y{‘ Ho$ ~rM‘| Omo Hw$N> h¡, Cg g~na CgAëbmhH$m hr A{YH$ma h¡. dh gd©epŠV‘mZ h¡. (I) (Eo BÝgmZ) Š`m VyZo Bg~mVna ZµOa Zht H$s {H$ AëbmhZo AmH$me Am¡a y{‘ H$mo AnZr BÀN>mHo$AZwê$n ~Zm`m h¡. AJa dh Mmho Vmo Vw‘H$mo hQ>m H$a ZB© g¥{ï> ^r àH$Q> H$agH$Vm h¡.

`h {H$VZo ~‹S>o gË`H$m {dYmZ h¡ ! AV… Bg g¥{ï>‘| AëbmhH$s BÀN>mHo${dnarV Vmo Hw$N> hmo hr Z gH$Vm hmo Vmo ì`W© hr h‘ {hÝXw Am¡a ‘wgë‘mZ Amng‘|EH$XygaoHo$ gmW Ûof {ddmX `m H$bh, Omo AëbmhH$mo ngÝX ^r Zht h¡, Cg‘|CbP H$a ì`W©‘| Š`m| {díd‘| AempÝV ’¡$bmVo h¢?

(3)na‘oídaH$m gd©ew VWm gd©H$ë`mUH$mar hmoZm : Vrgar ‘hÎdnyU©~mV `h h¡ {H$ g^r Y‘m]‘| na‘oídaH$mo ew V‘ Ed§ H¥$nmbw ‘mZm J`m h¡. {’$aZmhH$‘| h‘ AnZo Abmdm Xygam|Ho$ Y‘m]Ho$ H$maU Hw$N> Aew^ hmo OmZoH$s{MÝVmgo Š`m| J«ñV ahVo h¢? dh na‘oída {OZna H¥$nm H$aVm h¡ CÝhtHo$ {b o ewhmoVm h¡ AÝ`Wm Aew ^r, Eogm VH©$ XoZona Vmo `h àíZ CR> gH$Vm h¡ {H$ V~dh H¥$nm {H$gna H$aVm h¡? {H$gr {ZpíMV g‘wXm`na AWdm {H$Ýht gÝ‘{VgXme` Am¡a gXmMma {Z^mZodmbm|na hr? `{X MwZo hþdo g‘wXm`{deofna Vmo `mVmo AÝ` g‘wXm`m|na dh AnZm Eoíd © ñdrH$maVm Zht hmoZm Mm{h o AWdmIwXH$s n¡Xm H$s hþB© g¥{ï>‘| njnmV H$aZodmbm AÝ`m`r {gÕ hmoJm. na‘oídaAÝ`m`r Vmo hmo gH$Vm Zht, AV… MwZo hþdo g‘wXm`{deofna ‘mZ| Vmo H${R>ZmB© `hAmVr h¡ {H$ dh AnZm Eoíd © O~ ñdrH$maVm Z hmo Vmo Eogo g‘wXm`H$mo AnZo

285 286

Y‘©{Z`‘m|Ho$ VhX² AnamYr `m nmnr H¡$go ‘mZ nm oJm? `{X gÝ‘{V gXme`Am¡a gXmMma Ho$ AZwgma dh H¥$nm H$aVm hmo ñd § gÝ‘{V gXme` Am¡a gXmMmaCg na‘oídaH$s g¥{ï>‘| {d{^ÝZ Xoe Am¡a {d{^ÝZ H$mb‘| EH$ê$n‘| Vmo àH$Q> hþdoZht h¡ V~; Am¡a Omo {d{dYVm Bg ~mao‘| àH$Q> hþ r h¡ dh CgH$s BÀN>mHo${dnarV EH$ jU ^a ^r {Q>H$ Zht gH$Vr hmo V~, EH$ g‘wXm`H$s YmaUmHo${dnarV Xygao g‘wXm` gÝ‘{V gXme` `m gXmMma Ho$ ~mao‘| AnZr AbJ-AbJYmaUm aIVo hm| Vmo CZ‘| CZH$m Š`m Xmof hmo gH$Vm h¡? gXwnXoeê$n AbJ-AbJ Y‘©gÝXoe {díd‘| g^rH$mo {‘bo h¢ naÝVw do ^r EH$ê$nV`m Vmo {‘bo Zhth¡. A~ {Og ‘mZdg‘wXm`H$mo O¡gm Y‘©gÝXoe CZHo$ ~rM‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo {OgY‘©ñWmnH$ `m Y‘m}nXoeH$ Ûmam {‘bm hmo CÝh| dh Z ‘mZ H$a Xygam|H$mo OmogÝXoe {‘bm dh Š`m| ‘mZo? {H$gr EH$ Y‘©J«ÝWHo$ AZwgma {Og VahH$m CnXoeO~ {‘b hr J`m hmo Vmo Xygao Y‘©J«ÝWm|‘| Š`m-H¡$go CnXoe {X o J o h¢, BgH$s{MÝVm {ZaW©H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¡. CXmhaUV`m ^maV‘| ahZodmboH$mo A‘arH$m‘| dmhZXm`t Amoa MbmZm {Z`‘ h¡ naÝVw ~m`t Amoa MbmZm ‘mJ©{Z`‘m|H$m §J h¡, Bg‘|S>aZoH$s ~mV Š`m hmo gH$Vr h¡? AV… Ho$db AnZo hr Y‘©J«ÝWH$mo g‘J«‘mZdOm{VHo$ {b o na‘oídaHo$ Ûmam oOm J`m EH$‘mÌ gÝXoe ‘mZZodmbm|H$mog~go nhbo `h Iwbmgm H$aZm Mm{h o V~ na‘oídaZo Cg Y‘©Ho$ àdV©H$H$moàË oH$ ‘mZdHo$ nmg nhþ§M nm o Eogr gm‘Ï © `m gw{dYm Š`m| Zht Xr? Š`m|AbJ-AbJ ‘mZdg‘wXm`m|Ho$ ^rVa AbJ-AbJ Y‘©àdV©H$ n¡Xm hmoZo {X o?

’$bV… `h gmoMZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ g^r ‘mZdg‘wXm` {H$grEH$ hr Y‘©Ho$ AZwJm‘r ~Z Om | Eogm ñd § na‘oídaH$mo r A{^b{fV hmoZm ZhtMm{h o. V~ EH$ Y‘©H$mo AZwgaZodmboH$mo Xygao Y‘©Ho$ AZwgaZodmboHo$ CÕmaH$s{MÝVm Š`m| H$aZr Mm{h o Eogr AZoH$mZoH$ Ym{‘©H$ AmñWm OJV²‘o {dÚ‘mZ Vmoh¢ hr. AV… `m Vmo AZoHo$ídadmXH$mo àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZZm `m {’$a EH$ hrna‘oídaHo$ Omo gd©{Z`m‘H$ h¡ CgHo$ "na~«÷' "eyÝ`' "`hmo~m' "hmobr’$mXa' `m"Aëbmh' Am{X AZoH$ Zm‘ Ed§ ê$n hmo gH$Vo h¢, Eogm ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o. BgogM ‘mZ| Vmo {H$gr ^r Zm‘go Cgo nwH$mam Om o CgH$s BZ {d{^ÝZ Zm‘m| Am¡aê$nm| Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>r Ym{‘©H$ AmñWmAm|H$mo {Q>H$m o aIZoH$s BÀN>mHo$ {~Zm gå^dZht, `h {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.

{’$a h‘ h‘mar Ym{‘©H$ AmñWmHo$ {dnarV AmñWmAm|go K~am H$a CZHo$à{V Ame§{H$V `m AmV§{H$V Š`m| hmoVo ahVo h¢? h‘mao na‘oídaHo$ gd©g‘W©gd©H$Vm© gd©{Z`m‘H$ gd©ì`mnr gd©k gd©ew hmoZo‘| h‘| AmñWm Š`m| ImoZrMm{h o? Bgo ^r {d{^ÝZ Y‘m]Ho$ Bg {df`‘| {‘bVo {dYmZm|Ho$ AmYmana AÀN>rVah Om§M-naI boZm Mm{h o-

1.{hÝXwY‘©: AgÝZod g ^d{V AgX² ~«÷ B{V doX MoX². ApñV ~«÷ B{V

MoX² doX gÝV‘² EZ§ VVmo {dXw…... gmo AH$m‘`V² ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm oB{V... BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV. `{XX§ {H$ÄM VV² g¥ï‰>m VXod AZwàmdreV².VXZwà{dí` gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV², {ZéŠV§ M A{ZéŠV§ M, {Zb`Z§M A{Zb`Z§ M, {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M, gË § M AZ¥V§ M gË`‘²A^dV².

(V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&6) AmZÝXmÕçod Ibw B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo, AmZÝXoZ OmVm{Z

OrdpÝV, AmZÝX§ à`pÝV A{^g§{depÝV.(V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 3&6)

`… gd}fw yVofw {Vð>Z² gd}ä`mo yVoä`mo AÝVamo. § gdm©{UyVm{Z Z {dXw…. `ñ` gdm©{U yVm{Z eara‘². `… gdm©{U yVm{Z

AÝVamo `‘`{V. Ef Vo AmË‘m AÝV`m©‘r A‘¥V….(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 3&7&15)

gdm©ZZ{eamoJ«rd… gd© yVJwhme`… gd©ì`mnr g ^JdmZ² Vñ‘mV²gd©JV… {ed….

(ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 3&11) Z A`‘² AmË‘m àdMZoZ bä`mo Z ‘oY`m Z ~hþZm lwVoZ `‘od

Ef d¥UwVo VoZ bä`mo Vñ` Ef AmË‘m {dd¥UwVo VZw§ ñdm§. Z A{daVmoXwíM[aVmX² Z AemÝVmo Z Ag‘m{hVmo Z AemÝV‘Zgmo gm{n àkmZoZEZ‘² AmßZw mX².

287 288

(H$R>mon{ZfX² : 1&2&23-24)

BZ dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana `h {Z…g§H$moM H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfXm|Ho$AZwgma gmao OJV²‘| àË`j `m namoj, gmYma `m {ZamYma, {dkmZ `m A{dkmZAWdm gË` `m AZ¥V Omo ^r Hw$N> h¡ dh g~ CgrHo$ {b o hþdo ê$n h¢. dh ñd §AmZÝXê$n h¡ Am¡a gmao OJV²H$mo AnZo AmZÝX‘|go CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡, CËnÝZOJV²H$m AmZÝX‘| hr nmbZ H$aVm h¡, H$a AÝV‘| AnZo ñdê$n yV AmZÝX‘| hrbrZ H$a boVm h¡. Eogm na‘oída g^r àm{U`m|Ho$ ^rVa {~amO‘mZ hmo H$a CÝh|^br^m§{V OmZVm h¡, Mmho do Cgo OmZ nm | m Zht. Š`m|{H$ dh BÝh| AnZm eara~Zm H$a BZ g~Ho$ ^rVa ~g OmVm h¡ Am¡a g^r àm{U`m|H$m ^rVago {Z`‘Z ^rH$aVm h¡. Eogm dh na‘oída h‘ g^rH$s A‘¥V AmË‘m hmoVm h¡. AVEd h‘maogmao Mohao Am¡a JX©Z CgHo$ hr Mohao Am¡a JX©Z h¢. dh g^r àm{U`m|H$mo Jwhm ~ZmH$a Cg‘| {N>n H$a ~¡R>m hþdm h¡. Eogm dh gd©ì`mnr gd©JV {ed h¡. `hm§ `h^r H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ dh na‘mË‘m Z Vmo doXHo$ àdMZgo {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a Z AnZr~w{ÕH$s YmaUmepŠVgo Am¡a Z ~hþV gmao emñÌm|Ho$ ldU H$a boZogo hr. dh VmoCgo hr {‘bVm {OgH$m dh daU {‘bZoHo$ hoVw H$aVm h¡. Am¡a dh {OgH$m daUH$aVm h¡ CgHo$ g‘j hr dh AnZo ñdê$nH$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡. Omo XwamMa‘|nam`U hm|, Omo AemÝV hm| `m Ag‘m{hV hm| CÝh| dh àH¥$ï> kmZgo ^r {‘b ZhtnmVm. `m| h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ `hm§ Eogm Hw$N> ^r H$hm Zht J`m h¡ {H$ dhHo$db {hÝXwAm|Ho$ rVa hr ahVm h¡ ~m¡Õ O¡Z hþXr B©gmB© ‘wgë‘mZm| m Eogo AÝ`{H$grHo$ ^rVa Zht. àË wV Cgo gd©ì`mnr Am¡a gd©JV hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr "{ed'H$hm Om ahm h¡. gmW hr gmW dh {Ogo {‘bVm h¡ Cg {‘bZHo$ {dYmZmË‘H$hoVwV`m Ohm§ ñd § CgHo$ daUH$mo H$maU H$hm J`m h¡, dht {H$grHo$ àkmZrhmoZona ^r XwamMmar AemÝV `m Ag‘m{hV hmoZm CgHo$ Z {‘bZoHo$ {ZfoYmË‘H$hoVwV`m ^r {JZm`m h¡.

{hÝXwY‘©Ho$ ~mX A~ ~m¡ÕY‘©Ho$ Ñ{ï>H$moUgo XoI| Vmo nma‘m{W©H$s eyÝ`mÛ`VmHo$gmjmËH$mamW© Ohm§ Aï>m§{JH$ ‘mJ© Am¡a d¡am½`Y‘© H$mo loð> H$hm J`m h¡""‘½JmZQ²>R>§{JH$mo goÆ>mo... {damJmo goÆ>mo Yå‘mZ§'' (Yå‘nX : 20&1) dhm§ gå`J²Ñ{ï>,gå`H²$-g§H$ën Am¡a gå`J²-dMZ Y‘m©Zwð>mZmW© `Ú{n ""AÎmm {h AÎmZmo ZmW

H$mo {h ZmW namo {g`m'' (Yå‘nX : 12&4) H$m CnXoe {X`m J`m h¡. ~mdOyXBgHo$ ì`mdhm[aH$s H$éUm H$m ^r ~m¡ÕY‘©‘| {H$VZm ñWmZ h¡. `h Vmo AYmo{Z{X©ï>{dYmZHo$ AmYmana h‘ g‘P gH$Vo h¢-

2.~m¡ÕY‘©: EH$Ed Y‘m} ~mo{YgÎdoZ ñdmam{YV… H$V©ì`… gwà{V{dÕ….

Vñ` H$aVbJVm… gd} ~wÕY‘m©… ^dpÝV...Ed‘od ^JdZ² `oZ~mo{YgÎdñ` ‘hmH$éUm JÀN>{V VoZ gd} ~wÕY‘m©… JÀN>pÝV.

(~mo{YM`m©dVmanpÄOH$m : 9&76)

AVEd BgHo$ AmYmana BVZm Vmo Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡ {H$ Am ©gË`MVwï>`rHo$AÝVJ©V Xw…I Am¡a {ZamoYJm{‘Zr à{VnX²Ho$ ^r AZmXanyd©H$ O~ ""‘wÀ`‘mZofwgÎdofw o Vo àm‘moÚgmJam… V¡aod ZZw n`m©ßV§ ‘mojoUm{n AagoZ {H$‘²'' (~mo{YM`m©: 8&106) `h ‘mZm J`m h¡ Vmo ~m¡ÕY‘©Ho$ AZwgma ^r H$éUmH$m gdm©{Vem`r‘hÎd Vmo h¡ hr. dh H$éUm `{X {‘Ï`mÑ{ï>dmbm|na eŠ` Z hmo Vmo "‘hmH$éUm'nX‘| à wŠV "‘hm' {deofU {ZaW©H$ hr {gÕ hmoJm. ñnï> h¡ ‘hm`mZr YmaUm {H$gm§gm[aH$ Xw…Im|go H$ï> nmZodmbo àm{UAm|Ho$ CÕmaHo$ hoVw ^JdmZ² ~wÕ nwZ…nwZ…Amàb` àH$Q> hmoVo ah|Jo, BgHo$ ~mdOyX `{X H$éUmH$m `h gÝXoe g^ràm{UAm| VH$ nhm|M Z nmVm hmo Vmo `m Vmo Eogo ~wÕmdVmaH$s ì`W©Vm ‘mZZr n‹S>oJrAWdm {d{^ÝZ ê$nm|dmbr gmYZmAm|‘| ^r CÕmaH$s eŠ`VmH$mo H$WpÄMV²ñdrH$maZm hr EH$ ~w{ÕJå` g‘mYmZ bJVm h¡.

3,4.`hþXr VWm B©gmB© Y‘©: ^JdmZ² Vmo H¥$nmbw Am¡a X`mbw h¢, do amof H$aZo‘| ‘ÝX naÝVw Ñ‹T>

ñZohgo gXm N>bH$Vo ahVo h¢. JdmZ² g^rHo$ à{V bo hr hmoVo h¢ Am¡aCZH$s ~Zm`r g¥{ï>‘| CZH$s g^rHo$ à{V X`mnyU© ghmZw y{V gd©Ì-gd©Xm CnbãY ahVr hr h¡.

(~m`~b² gm‘ : 145&8-9) na‘mË‘m ñZohê$n h¡.

289 290

(~m`~b² 1Om°h²Z : 4.8)

{H$VZm ñnï> CëboI h¡ {’$a^r Eogo H¡$go gmoMm Om gH$V h¡ {H$ `hþXrY‘©`m B©gmB© V Ho$ Ûmam hr ^JdmZ² AnZr H¥$nm `m X`m àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. Eogm gmoMZm`m Vmo µJ¡a`hþXr Am¡a µJ¡aB©gmB©Am|H$mo `hmo~m `m hmobr’$mXa Ho$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V g¥{ï>go{^ÝZ {H$gr gO©ZhmaH$s H¥${V ‘mZZo‘| n ©d{gV hmoJm. AÝ`Wm {hÝXw ‘wgë‘mZ~m¡Õ O¡Z VWm AÝ` ^r Am{Xdm{gAm|Ho$ Y‘m]H$mo AZwgaZodmbo ‘mZd g‘wXm`H$mo^r ^JdËH¥$nm^mOZ ‘mZZm hr n‹S>oJm. Am¡a dh ñdrH$maVo hr `h {gÕ hmo OmVmh¡ {H$ AÝ`mÝ` Y‘m]Ûmam ^r ^JdËH¥$nm^mOZm|H$m CÕma eŠ` h¡ hr.

5.Bñbm‘Y‘©: µH$mb AµOm~r Cgr~w {~h ‘Z² AemC d ah‘Vr d{gAV² Hw$ëb

e¡BZ².(Hw$.e.gyaVwb² A@am{’$ : 7&156)

AWm©V² ""amof `m XÊS> Vmo ‘¢ {Ogo MmhVm hÿ§ XoVm hÿ§ na ‘oam X`m^md Vmog^rna EH$g‘mZ h¡.'' Eogr pñW{V‘| Hw$amZear’$Ho$ Abmdm ^r Omo Y‘©J«ÝWàH$Q> hþdo hm| CÝh| AZwgaZodmbm|na AëbmhH$mo H$moB© ZmamµOJr hmoJr Vmo dh XÊS>XoZo‘| g‘W© h¡ hr V~ ‘wgë‘mZm|H$mo naY{‘©Am|Ho$ ~mao‘| ZmhH$ {damoYr ^md Š`m|aIZo Mm{h o? Š`m| AëbmhHo$ X`m^mdHo$ g^rH$mo nmÌ ‘mZ H$a X`m^md Zht{Z^mZmMm{h`o?

{ZîH$f©: Bg Vah {dídHo$ à‘wI Y‘m]‘| na‘oídaHo$ ~mao‘| Omo YmaUm | h¢ CZH$m

{dMma H$aZona Ym{‘©H$ AempÝV `m H$bh h‘mar Ym{‘©H$ AmñWmHo$ {ddoH$nyU©Cn`moJ àVrV Zht hmoVo. Eogr Vmo AÝ` ^r ~hmoV g‘mZê$nVm {XIbm`r OmgH$Vr h¢. d¡go BZHo$ Abmdm ^r g^r à‘wI Y‘©J«ÝWm|H$m {Xì` AÝV…àoaUmdehr àmH$Q²>ç ‘mZm J`m h¡, Cg‘| EH$H$mo BÝH$maZona XygaoH$mo ^r BÝH$mam OmgH$Vm h¡. Am¡a EH$Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$mo ñdrH$maZona CÝht AmYmam|na Xygao Y‘©J«ÝWm|Ho$

àm‘mÊ`H$mo ^r ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm. AnZo-AnZo Y‘©J«ÝWm|Ho$ AZwgma Ym{‘©H$OrdZ OrZodmbm|Ho$ {Xì` M[aÌ r àm`… g^r Y‘m]Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho$ OrdZd¥ÎmmÝVm|‘|CnbãY hmoVo hr h¢.

{ZîH$f©Ho$ Vm¡ana nwZ… `hr Xmoham XoZm C{MV hmoJm {H$ AmO g^r Y‘©Jwéñd §Ho$ OJX²Jwé hmoZoH$s Ah§nrS>mgo J«ñV hmo H$a AnZo-AnZo Y‘©H$mo {dídY‘©‘ZdmZona Omo Vwbo hþdo h¢, BgHo$ H$maU Ym{‘©H$ OJV²‘| ^rfU à{VñnYm© VWmnmañn[aH$ A{dídmg Ed§ {dÛof ^a H$a do AempÝVH$s hr ~‹T>moÎmar H$a ah| h¢.g§ñH¥$V^mfmHo$ AZwgma "OJV²' nXH$m AW© J‘Zerb hmoVm h¡ Cg AW©‘| VmoOJV²Ho$ Bg H$moZogo Xygao H$moZo‘| {ZaÝVa Y‘m}nXoemW© m {eî`mÝdofUmW© J‘Zerb{OVZo ^r Jwé h¢ g^r OJX²Jwé ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢, Bg‘| H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV^r Zht h¡. Amdí`H$Vm naÝVw AÝ` Y‘m]Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho$ CÕmaH$s {MÝVmgoñd § BZ OJX²JwéAm|Ho$ ‘wŠV hmoZoH$s AË`{YH$ h¡. AmpIa‘| goå wAb² ~oHo$Q²>Ho$""doqQ>J ’$m°a JmoXmo'' Ho$ H$WmZm`H$ EñQ´>mJmoZH$s Vah ‘mZdOm{VHo$ EH$‘mÌCÕmaH$H$s àVrjmHo$ Ìmggo H$^r Vmo ‘mZdOm{VH$mo ‘wŠV H$a XoZm, Š`m g^rY‘©gåàXm`m| Ed§ CgHo$ CnXoeH$m|Ho$ {b o EH$ X`mnyU© gX² md Zht hmoJm ‘wPoC‘a I¡ m‘H$s EH$ é~mB `mX AmVr h¡ {H$ ""hmOr ~amhoH$m~m aâVo XmaX,Am{eH$ ~‘` Xmogmbm OãVoXmaX, ‘mby‘ Z ewX {H$ `ma ‘eJwb ~ H$sñV?haH$g I`mboIoe IßVoXmaX.'' dh H$hZm MmhVm h¡ {H$ AmpIa h‘mao nmg{ZpíM{V Š`m h¡ {H$ h‘mar Y‘©gmYZm hr na‘oídaH$mo {à` bJVr h¡, Xygar Zht.Amdí`H$Vm AnZr-AnZr Y‘©gmYZmH$s {Xì` AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ‘ñVr^ao OrdZOrZoH$s h¡. na‘mË‘m g^rH$mo Eogr gm‘Ï © Xo

‘mh§ ~«÷ {ZamHw$`mª ‘m ‘m§ ~«÷ {ZamH$amoX²A{ZamH$aU‘² AñVw A{ZamH$aU§ ‘o AñVw

291 292

lrñdm{_Zmam`U _Vr` doXmÝV{gÕmÝV Am¡a^pŠVgmYZm H$s {dH$gZà{H«$`m

(Ÿ1.CnH«$_Ÿ)

lrH¥$îU§ na_mZÝX§ Xebrbm wV§ gXmŸ&gd© ŠVg_wÕmao {dñ\w$aÝV§ na§ Zw_…Ÿ&&g lrH¥$îU… na§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm_…Ÿ&Cnmñ`… Bï>Xodmo Z… gdm©{d^m©dH$maU_²Ÿ&&{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXñ` H¥$îU^ŠVoíM nmofH$…Ÿ&{ejmnÍ`wnXoeoZ bmoH$moÕmanam`U…Ÿ&&ghOmZÝXñdm_r `… ghOmZÝXdY©H$…Ÿ&V_ñ_Ý_mJ©gwöX§ öX oZ d § Zw_…Ÿ&&

àñVwV AmboInÌ_| h_ lrghOmZÝX ñdm_rOr, BV…na "lrOr _hmamO'nXoZ A{^Yo`, Ûmam {b{IV {ejmnÌr VWm dMZm_¥V H$s hr Vah CZHo$AZwJm_r nadVu H«$moeñVå^ê$n J«ÝWH$mam| Ûmam ^r {Zê${nV Bg ZyVZdoXmÝVgåàXm`_| CÎmamoÎma n[ab{jV hmoVo `Wmd^mV {dH$mgH$m Hw$N> boIm-OmoIm àñVwV H$aZm Mmh|Jo.

g^r gåàXm`m|_| ~hþV gmar ~mV| àm`… _ybê$n_| _Vàd©VH$ AmMm ©Ûmamñd{eî`g_wXm`H$mo gå~mo{YV H$a Cn{Xï> hmoVr h¢. nadVu H$mb_|, naÝVwŸ,AÝ`mÝ` _Vm|Ho$ gmW hmoZodmbo g§dmX-{ddmXH$s à{H«$`mHo$ de AWm©V² _ybmonXoem|Ho$~rO^md_| ahr {dH$gZj_VmHo$ A§Hw$[aV hmoZoHo$ ~mX à{Vnjr _Vm|Ho$ ^rà^mdde ~hþVa _V {dbjU ar{Vgo nëb{dV nwpînV VWm \${bV hmoVo hþdo ^r{XIbm`r XoVo h¢. lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` _VH$m r {dH$mg Bg à{H«$`mHo$ AndmXê$noUhþdm hmo Eogm bJVm Vmo Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ àË oH$ Or{dV gåàXm` EH$ àdh_mUZXrH$s Vah hmoVm h¡. Z{X`m|H$m àdmh àm`… Hw$N> ghm`H$ Z{X`m|H$mo AmË_gmV

H$a H$^r àMwa VWm Jå^ra ~Z OmVm h¡, Vmo H$ht CgH$m àdmh {H$grAÝVÛunHo$ ì`dYmZHo$ H$maU {d^ŠV hmo H$a Xmo {d{^ÝZ {XemAm|_| ~§Q> OmVmh¡; AWdm H$ht Cg ZXrHo$ VQ>na AdpñWV H¥${Ì_ `m AH¥${Ì_ öXm|_| H$^rAm§{eH$ n ©dgmZHo$ Ho$ H$maU ^r Obàdmh jrU hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo H$ht-H$^rXygar hr Z{X`m|H$mo nwZ… AmË_gmV H$a dhr Obàdmh nwZ… à~b Ed§ Jå^ra ^rhmo nmVm h¡.

VXZwgma lrOr _hmamOZo ñdH$s` {gÕmÝV Am¡a gmYZm Ho$ ~mao_| AnZoA{^àm`m|H$mo ~rOê$noU {ejmnÌrŸŸ_| VWm A§Hw$aê$noU dMZm_¥VŸŸ_| àH$Q> {H$ oh¢. BZ_| A{YH$m§e dMZm_¥V _m¡{IH$ ê$n_| {X o J o CnXoe h¢. BZH$m g§H$bZ{H$Z bmoJm|Zo {H$`m Bg ~mao_| VWm BZH$s g§»`mHo$ ~mao_| ^r Hw$N> _V oX gmàVrV hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ _`me§H$amË_O {J[aOme§H$a empñÌH¥$V g§ñH¥$VmZwdmXê$ndMZm_¥VH$s Ah_Xm~mXgo Omo àW_md¥{Îm {dH«$_ g§dV² 1996 _| àH$m{eV hþ rWr, Bg g§ñH$aU_| dMZm_¥Vm|H$s g§»`m 273 ~Vm`r J`r Wr. Bg_|g§H$bZH$Vm©Am|Ho$ Zm_ ""_wŠVmZÝXmo AW JmonmbmZÝXmo _w{Z… CXmaYr…~«÷mZÝX_w{Z… {ZË`mZÝX… ewH$_w{Z… VWm V¡… nÄM{^… gwg§JË`lrh`©wpŠVgwYmoX{Y… {b{IV… emo{YV… Mm{n `Wm_{V `WmlwV_²''(ŸdMZm.3Ÿ&273Ÿ) CnbãY hmoVo Wo. ~mX_| {dH«$_ g§dV² 2036 _|^maVr`{dÚm^dZÛmam àH$m{eV VWm lram_dëb^ emñÌr Ûmam {hÝXr^mfm_|AZy{XV g§ñH$aU_| dMZm_¥Vm|H$s g§»`m 262 VWm g§H$bZH$Vm©Am|Ho$ Zm__wŠVmZÝX… M JmonmbmZÝXmo _w{Z… CXmaYr… {ZË`mZÝXewH$mZÝXm¡ MËdmamo_wZ`ñVw o EV¡… g§JË` {b{IVm{Z BËW§ Y_©OZo… hao… dMmo@_¥Vm{Z gdm©{U`Wm_{V `WmlwV_²'' (ŸdMZm.3Ÿ&39=262Ÿ) `m| dMZm_¥Vg§»`m VWmg§H$bZH$mam| Ho$ Zm_m|_| r {ddaUmÝVa CnbãY hmoVm h¡. AWm©V² 11 dMZm_¥Vm|H$mon[a{eï>V`m àH$m{eV {H$`m J`m h¡. gå_mÝ` àmÜ`mnH$ lr O.Am. `m{kH$_hmoX`H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ lrOr _hmamOHo$ {ZOr g{MdH$ën lrewH$_w{ZHo$àmW{_H$ àmê$nHo$ níMmV² lrOr _hmamOHo$ AÝ` VrZ {eî` _wŠVmZÝXñdm_rJmonmbmZÝXñdm_r Am¡a {ZË`mZÝXñdm_r `m| AÝVV… BZ Mmam| AZwJm{_Am|Ho$gånmXH$_ÊS>bZo {_b H$a àíZm| VWm g_mYmZm| Ho$ M`ZHo$ Ûmam BÝh| {b{n~Õ{H$`m (ŸÐï>."X {\$bmogmo\$s Am°\$ lrñdm{_Zmam`U' n¥.8-9Ÿ). BZ dMZm_¥Vm|H$mo

293 294

{b{n~Õ H$aZoH$s lrOr _hmamOH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma AZw{ð>V `h boIZH$m ©CZH$s {dÚ_mZVm_| hþdm `m CZHo$ níMmV² `h OVmZoH$mo ^r ""Ed§ {h Vm{Zgdm ©{U {ÌZJm{j{^…(nm.^o.{Ûagm{j{^…) gpÝV g§{b{IVm{Zlr_hmamO{ZXoeV…... Amß`m`Z² {ZOOZmZ² ñdH$s`dMZm_¥V¡… O`{Vlrh[añdm_r lr_ÔwJ©nwao à w…'' (ŸVÌ¡d 3Ÿ&39=262Ÿ) {ddaU r J«ÝWmong§hma_|{X`m J`m h¡. Bg CëboIHo$ AmYmana lrOr _hmamOH$s {dÚ_mZVm_| {b{n~ÕrH$aU^r àVrV Vmo Adí` hmoVm h¡. Bg g§H$bZH$m à_mnU, naÝVwŸ, ñd § lrOr_hmamO Ûmam hþdm `m Zht Bg ~mao_| gmåàXm{`H$ Eo{Vôçà_mU Š`m h¢ H$_goH$_ _wPo Vmo AdJV Zht h¡. {H$gr ^r gyaV_| BVZm gd©_mÝ`V`m Y«wd gË`bJVm h¡ {H$ {ejmnÌr ñd § CZHo$ H$aH$_bm|go {bIr J`r h¡. Eogr pñW{V_|BZ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|_| go àH¥$ï> àm_mÊ` ñdm{_Zmam`UgåàXm`_| {H$gH$m _mZm OmZmMm{h oŸ! H$B© {dÛmZm|Ho$ A{^àm`Ho$ AZwgma, naÝVwŸ, o Xmo hr àm_m{UH$V`mlrOr_hmamOHo$ dMZ h¢. AÝ`m|H$m àm_mÊ` gd©_mÝ` Z hmoZogo do `hm§ {d_em©W©A{Zdm © Zht bJVo h¢.

Ohm§ VH$ H$m{bH$ nm¡dmn ©H$m àíZ h¡ Vmo g§dV² 1876 H$s _mJ©erf©ewŠbm MVwWugo bo H$a g§dV² 1882 H$s _mKewŠbm V¥Vr`m Ho$ ~rM JT>S>mgma§Jnwa H$m[a`mUr bmo m n§Mmbm nwZ… JT>S>m VWm dS>Vmb _| Omo Hw$N> CnXoe{X`m dh dMZm_¥V H$m A{YH$m§e ^mJ {ejmnÌr go nyd© hr àH$Q> hþdm _mZmOmVm h¡. {ejmnÌr g§dV² 1882 H$s _mKewŠbm n§M_rHo$ {XZ BgHo$ ~mXdS>Vmb_| {bIr J`r. ~mX_| {d.g§.1882 go boH$a 1886 VH$Ho$ Ah_Xm~mXAm¡a JT>S>m _| {X o J o CnXoe A³Ë`àH$aUV`m `hm§ {b{n~Õ {H$ o J o h¢.BZHo$ Abmdm ^r H${Vn` J«ÝW àH$Q> hþdo _mZo OmVo h¢ {H$ÝVw CZH$m àm_mÊ`gd©_mÝ` h¡ {H$ Zht `h Vmo {Okmñ` hr h¡.

(Ÿ2.{d{M{H$ËgmŸ) AñVwŸ, BZ Xm oZm |_ o ñd`§ lrOr_hmamOHo$ {Xì` A{^àm`m|H$m

ñdhñVmjambo{IV gmamonXoe `m lmoV¥OZm|Ûmam `Wmñ_¥V CnXoe Omo CnbãYhmoVm h¡ `h `m| h¡ :

(1)""doXm… M ì`mggyÌm{U lr_X²^mJdVm{^Y§ nwamU§^maVoVw lr{dîUwZm_ghòH§$ VWm lr^JdX²JrVm Zr{VíM{dXwamo{XVm Y_©emñÌmÝVaJVm M `mkdëŠ`F$fo… ñ_¥{V…. EVm{ZAï> __ Bï>m{Z gÀN>mñÌm{U ^dpÝV {h. ñd{hVoÀNw>{^… EVm{Z_pÀN>î`¡… gH$b¡a{n lmoVì`m{Z AW nmR²çm{Z H$WZr`m{Z M{ÛO¡…...emaraH$mUm § ^JdX²JrVm`m… M AdJå`Vm §am_mZwOmMm ©H¥$V§ mî`_² AmÜ`mpË_H§$ __. EVofw m{Z dmŠ`m{ZlrH¥$îUñ` d¥fñ` M AË wËH$f©nam{U ñ w… VWm ^pŠV{damJ`mo…_ÝVì`m{Z àYmZm{Z VmÝ`od BVadmŠ`V…. Y_}U g{hVmH¥$îU^pŠV… H$m`m© B{V VÐh…''Ÿ-Ÿ""_V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ _o JmobmoH$moYm_ M B©pßgV§ VÌ ~«÷mË_Zm H¥$îUgodm _wpŠV… M Jå`Vm§''Ÿ-Ÿ""gd©d¡îUdamOlrdëb^mMm ©ZÝXZ… lr{dÆ>boe… H¥$VdmZ²...godmar{V… M H¥$îUñ` J«môçm VXw{XV¡d {h''(Ÿ{ejmnÌr : 93-102,121 VWm 81-82Ÿ).

(2)""h_ AnZm A{^àm` g§jon_| H$hVo h¢ : Am¡a dh `hh¡ {H$ e§H$añdm_rZo {Og àH$maH$m AÛ¡V ~«÷H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`mh¡, Cg_| h_mar é{M Zht h¡. am_mZwO ñdm_rZo {Og àH$ma ja-Ajago nao nwéfmoÎm_ ^JdmZ²H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m h¡, CZ nwéfmoÎm_^JdmZ²H$s Vmo h_ CnmgZm H$aVo h¢. Jmo{n`m|Ho$ g_mZ CZ nwéfmoÎm_^JdmZ²H$s h_ r pŠV H$aVo h¢. ewH$Or VWm O‹S>^aV Ho$ gÑeh_| ^r d¡am½` Am¡a AmË_{Zð>m h¡. `h h_mam A{^àm` VWm é{Mh¡. h_mar Bg dmVm© VWm h_mao Ûmam _mÝ` h_mao gåàXm`m|Ho$J«ÝWm|na Omo ~w{Õ_mZ nwéf nydm©na Ñ{ï>go {dMma H$a CÝh| XoIoJm,Cgo CZH$s g^r ~mV| g_P_| Am Om`|Jr''(ŸdMZm_¥V :bmo.à.14Ÿ&122Ÿ).

Bg Vah h_ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {ejmnÌrŸŸ_| CßV ~rO^mdmon_ CnXoeHo$gmW-gmW dMZm_¥VŸŸ_| A§Hw$[aV hþdo CgHo$ ê$nHo$ ~rM Š`m-{H$VZm VmaVå`àH$Q> hþdm. ñd_mÝ` emñÌm|H$s, naÝVwŸ, ì`mdhm[aH$s B`Îmm, CZ emñÌm|Ho${Z…gpÝX½Y VmËn`m©dJ_mW© nydm©Mm ©naånamJV mî`, CZH$m {H$g à`moOZ{deofde

295 296

Aml`UH$s Vah hr Cg à`moOZ{deofH$s ny{V©Ho$ hoVw VXmZwgaUr` gmYZmàUmbrH$m ^r Bggo A{YH$ {ZíN>b Ed§ gwñnï> eãXm|_| {Zê$nU Ed§ ñdrH$ma eŠ` Zhth¡. BZ CnXoem|Ho$ AmYmana g§jon_| lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` _VH$mo g§»`memñÌr`g_rH$aUH$s ar{V_| A{^ì`ŠV H$aZm hmo Vmo H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ-

""am_mZwOr` doXmÝVŸ+Ÿnw{ï>_mJu`m lrH¥$îU^pŠVŸ=Ÿlrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` _V''

d¡go `h g_rH$aU {OVZm gab àVrV hmoVm h¡, dñVwV… H$Wm CVZr A~gab Zht ah J`r h¡. Š`m|{H$ `h Vmo AnZr ~rO^mdmdñWmH$m ÚmoVH$ hrg_rH$aU hmo gH$Vm Wm. d¡go {ejmnÌrŸŸJV ""emaraH$mUm§ ^JdX²JrVm`m…M AdJå`Vm§ am_mZwOmMm`©H¥$V§ ^mî`_²''Ÿ-Ÿ""_V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ _o''{dYmZm|H$m hr Ho$db Adbå~Z H$aZona Vmo ñnï>V`m hr BVZm PbH$ OmVm h¡{H$ lrOr_hmamOHo$ _V_| Z Ho$db {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX A§JrH¥$V h¡ A{nVw am_mZwOr`{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX hr _mÝ` h¡. `h dMZm_¥V ""CÕdOr ñd § am_mZÝXñdm{_ê$nWo. lra§JjoÌ_| CZ am_mZÝXñdm_rZo ñdßZ_| gmjmV² am_mZwOmMm ©go d¡îUdrXrjm àmßV H$s. Bg{b`o am_mZÝXñdm_rHo$ Jwé am_mZwOmMm`© h¢. CZam_mZÝXñdm_rHo$ {eî` h_ h¢. E ogr Jwénaånam OmZZr''(ŸdMZm.daVm.18Ÿ&218Ÿ) Ho$ ^r AmYmana An[ahm © ~Z OmVm h¡.

Eogr pñW{V_| EH$ gåàXm`_| Xr{jV hmoZoHo$ ~mX ^r Cg gåàXm`Ho${gÕmÝVm|go AnZm nrN>m Nw>‹S>mZoH$s _Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo _mÝ` H$aZona Vmo H$b ñd §ñdm{_Zmam`U gåàXm`_| hr Xr{jV hmo H$a lrOr _hmamOH$mo A{^àoV _Vgon¥WH²$ _V àH$Q> H$aZoH$s ^r ñdVÝÌVm H$moB© Š`m lrOr_hmamOHo$ Zm_na bogH$Vm h¡ `m ZhtŸ?

`m| am_mZwOr` {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX Z Ho$db Xrjmnaånam{YJV h¡ A{nVw{ZOmñWmä wnJV r h¡ hr. AÝ`Wm A§eVmo am_mZwOr` _VH$m ñdrH$ma, CXmhaUV`mZmam`UHo$ gdm©ÝV`m©_r hmoZoH$m, {d{eï>mÛ¡VH$mo ñdrH$mao {~Zm ^r Û¡VdmXr VWmewÕmÛ¡VdmXr doXmÝV{gÕmÝVm|_| r à{gÕ hr h¡. Bgr Vah A§eVmo {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXH$m

A§JrH$ma ^r am_mZwOr` _VH$mo _mZo {~Zm ^r e¡d{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX_| ^r à{gÕ hrh¡. naÝVw am_mZwOmMm`©H¥$V ^mî`mZwgmar {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXŸŸH$m lrOr_hmamOÛmam{ZOH$ÊR>moŠV A§JrH$ma `hm§ Jå^ra g_ñ`m I‹S>r H$a XoVm h¡. O¡gm {H$ h_ XoIgH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mX_| Bg g_rH$aUH$mo {Og Vah A§Hw$[aV nëb{dV nwpînV VWm\${bV {H$`m J`m CgH$s {dbjUVmna Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZona lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur`_VH$s {dH$mgaoIm {ZíM` hr O{Q>bVa hmoVr Mbr OmVr h¡.

(Ÿ3.lram_mZwO_VŸ) EVXW© am_mZwOr` doXmÝVH$s _m¡{bH$ {deofVmAm|H$mo `{X g§jon_| Ñ{ï>JV

H$aZm hmo Vmo Omo am_mZwOr` doXmÝVm{^_V VÎd{d^mJ lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Zo AnZoVÎd_wŠVH$bmn Zm_H$ J«ÝW_| {Og Vah à{Vnm{XV {H$`m dh `m| h¡Ÿ:

""nXmW© Ÿ=ŸÐì`Ÿ+ŸAÐì`. Ðì`Ÿ=ŸOS> Ÿ+ŸAOS>.OS> Ÿ=ŸAì`ŠVŸ+ŸH$mb. AOS>Ÿ=ŸàË`H²$ Ÿ+ŸnamH² $.àË`H²$Ÿ=ŸOrdŸ+ŸB©e. namH²$Ÿ=Ÿ{ZË`m y{V(ewÕgÎd)Ÿ+Ÿ_{V''.

(ŸVÎd_wŠVmH$bmn : 6Ÿ).

Bg VÎd{d^mOZHo$ {MÌH$mo {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXH$s Mm¡IQ>_| H¡$go O‹S>m J`m`h XoIZoH$mo nwZ… lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$H$s hr Ý`m`{gÕmÄOZ J«ÝWJV `h EH$ gypŠVhr n`m©ßV h¡ :

""Aeof{MX{MËàH$ma § ~ «÷ EH$_od VÎd_². VÌàH$maàH$m[aUm o… àH$mamUm § M {_Wm o AË`ÝV^oX o@{n{d{eï> ¡Šç{ddj`m EH$Ëdì`nXoe…... BX_od BËWå^yV§gm_mÝ`V… à_m{df`V`m {deofV… àH$f}U _o V`m M à_o _²CŠV_². VXÝVJ©VÄM gdª Ðì`mÐì`mË_Zm {d^ŠV_². CnmXmZ§Ðì`_². AdñWml`… CnmXmZ_²''.

(ŸÝ`m`{gÕmÄmOZ : OS>Ðì`n[aÀN>oXŸ).

297 298

(Ÿ4.lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` AmYw{ZH$ {gÕmÝV_| àH$Q> hmoVm AÝV{d©amoYm^mgŸ) A~ lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` doXmÝV `{X `WmoŠV am_mZwOr` VÎd{d^mJ VWm

gm_mÝ` {gÕmÝV Ho$ Xmo {H$Zmam|Ho$ ~rM_| Z ~h H$a ñdVÝÌ VÎd{d^mOZ VWmZyVZar{VHo$ {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX H$mo àñVm{dV H$aZm MmhVm hmo Vmo Am¡a VXZwgmalw{V JrVm gyÌ nwamU Am{XH$s ^r ì`m»`m àñVwV H$aZo bJ Om o Vmo CgH$s_m¡{bH$Vm Vmo _mÝ` hmo nm oJr naÝVw am_mZwO^mî`mZwgmar {d{eï>mÛ¡Vdm{XVm `màm_m{UH$Vm ZhtŸ! Am¡a BgHo$ A^md_| lrOr _hmamOH$m Cpëb{IV CX²Kmof{ZíM oZ dXVmoì`mKmVmW©H$ hmoZogo Aàm_m{UH$ {gÕ hmoJm. H$moB© ^r lrOr_hmamOH$m AZwJm_r lrOr _hmamOHo$ dMZm|Ho$ \${bVmW©go AnZo-AmnH$mo ~ÝYZ_wŠVH¡$go _mZ gH$Vm h¡Ÿ? AV… Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ n[ahmaHo$ AZwð>mZ_| VËna H$moB©J«ÝW `m Vmo CnbãY hr Zht `m _wPo àmßV Zht hmo nm`m h¡. `h EH$ Jå^rag_ñ`m _wPo IQ>H$Vr h¡, lrOr _hmamOHo$ _ybdMZm|H$m dmñV{dH$ A{^àm`öX²JV H$aZo_|. Bg ~mao_| lrñdm{_Zmam`Ur` {dÛmZm|Ho$ Š`m ñnï>rH$aU gåàXm`_mÝ`h¢, `h _wPo kmV Zht h¢. AV… _wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ Bg {ejmnÌr Ho$ ~mX dMZm_¥VAm{X J«ÝWm|_| Omo-O¡gm à{VnmXZ CnbãY hmoVm h¡ CgH$s g§J{V Hw$N> Z Hw$N>~¡R>mZr hr Mm{h o.

Š`m|{H$ Ohm§ VH$ VÎd{d^mJH$m àíZ h¡ Vmo {MX{MX²{d{eï>-B©ídaê$nVÎdÌ`rH$m Vmo {ejmnÌr Ho$ BZ íbmoH$m|_| h_ à{VnmXZ gwñnï> eãXm|_| nmVo hrh¢. Bg àg§Jna ^r Bg ~rOmonXoeê$n J«ÝWaËZ_|, Ohm§ VÎdnÄMH$H$s ñdrH¥${VAVrd àgŠV Wr, CgH$m CnXoe àmßV Z hmoZm AVrd {dñ_`H$mar ~mV bJVrh¡. Ðï>ì` `Wm :

kmZÄM 1Ord2_m`m-3B©eê$nmUm§ gwðw> doXZ_²Ÿ&1öËñWmo@Uwgyú_píMÐynmo kmVm ì`mß`m{Ibm§ VZw_²Ÿ&kmZeŠË`m pñWVmo Ordmo ko mo@ÀN>oÚm{XbjU…Ÿ&&2{ÌJwUmË_m V_… H¥$îUepŠVa² XohVXr``mo…Ÿ&Ordñ` Mmh§__VmhoVwa² _m`mdJå`Vm_²Ÿ&&3öX o OrddX² Ordo `mo@ÝV`m©{_V`m pñWV…Ÿ&

ko … ñdVÝÌ B©emo@gm¡ gd©H$_©\$bàX…Ÿ&&g lrH¥$îU… na§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm_…Ÿ&Cnmñ` Bï>Xodmo Z… gdm©{d^m©dH$maU_²Ÿ&&g amY`m wVmo ko mo amYmH¥$îU B{V à w…Ÿ&épŠ_Ê`m a_`monoVmo bú_rZmam`U… g {hŸ&&ko mo@Ow©ZoZ wŠVmo@gm¡ ZaZmam`Um{^Y…Ÿ&~b^Ðm{X`moJoZ VÎmÝZm_moÀ`Vo g MŸ&&EVo amYmX`mo ^ŠVm… Vñ` ñ w… nmíd©V… Šd{MV²Ÿ&Šd{MV² VX§Jo@{VñZohmV² gVw ko … VX¡H$b…Ÿ&&

(Ÿ{ejmnÌr : 104-111Ÿ).

`hm§ A{V[aŠV Xmo VÎdm|, Zm_V… B©ída Am¡a Aja~«÷, H$m AZwëboI gmWhr gmW _yVu^yV Aja~«÷Ho$ ^rVa nwéfmoÎm_H$s AdpñW{VHo$ ~Om` ñd`§gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_Ho$ ^rVa BZ VWmH${WV B©ídaHo$ _y{V©ê$n nmíd©d{V©Am|H$sA{VñZohde AdñWmZH$s H$Wm gd©Wm {dnarV H$Wm hr bJ ahr h¡.

lr{ZË`mZÝX _w{ZH¥$V empÊS>ë`gyÌ^mî`_² Ho$ gmW BgH$m g§dmX ^rCnbãY hm oVm h ¡ `Wm ""ja§ àYmZ_² Aja§ nwéf…. AZoZ {_W…g§g¥ï>Îdñd^mdH$WZmV² VwfmVÊSw>b`mo[ad EH$s y ~rO^md… na_mË_Z…CnmXmZ^mdo Ûma_² B{V {deof… M Am{MVmo… X{e©V…... Ed§ _m`mOrdoemZm§ñdê$nñd^md{ZU© _² CŠËdm àH¥$V_² AZwga{V'' (Ÿem.gy.^m.2Ÿ&1Ÿ&17-18Ÿ). `hm§ h_ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g_yMo J«ÝW_| VÎdnÄMH$ H$ht ^r d{U©V Zhthþdm h¡ àË wV CÕ¥V dmŠ`m§e_| H$ÊR>V… Aja~«÷m@ÛmaH$ AWm©V² VwfmVÊSw>bÝ`m oZàYmZnwéfÛmaH$ na_mË_mH$s CnmXmZVm VWm _m`mOrdoeH$s {ÌnwQ>r hr à{Vnm{XVhþ r h¡Ÿ! ybZm Zht Mm{h o {H$ BÝht lr{ZË`mZÝX _w{ZH$m Zm_ dMZm_¥V Ho$g§H$bZH$mam|_| ^r Cpëb{IV h¡. AV… BZH$m `h VÎdnÄMH$Ho$ ~mao_| _m¡ZA{Ve` {df_ pñW{V_| VÎdnÄMH$H$s YmaUmHo$ àm_mÊ`H$mo aI XoVm h¡. `hrH$Wm EVËgåàXm`mZwgm[a lrJmonmbmZÝX ñdm{_H¥$V ~«÷gyÌ^mî`Ho$ AdbmoH$ZH$aZona ^r àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. `hm§ `Ú{n VÎdnÄMH$H$s YmaUm Vmo àñVwV hmo J`r

299 300

h¡ naÝVw {\$a^r Aja~«÷Ho$ _y{V©_mZ ñdê$nV`m ñÌr-AmH$madmbr amYmbú_rAm{XHo$ {ZîH$mgZnyd©H$ nwéfmH$ma lrJwUmVrVmZÝX ñdm_rH$s YmaUm H$_go H$__wPo H$ht {XIbm`r Zht Xr. Ðï>ì` : ""_hm_wŠV¡… go{dV_² AÝ`§jamjanwéf{^ÝZ_² B ©e§ gd©{Z`ÝVma § amYmbú_rn{V_²''(Ÿ~«.gy.^m.a.1Ÿ&2Ÿ&11Ÿ). `h {dYmZ {ejmnÌr Ho$ nydm}Õ¥V ""EVo amYmX`mo^ŠVm… Vñ` ñ w… nmíd©V… Šd{MV² Šd{MV² VX§Jo A{VñZohmV² gVw ko … VXmEH$b…'' go gd©Wm gwg§JV ^r bJVr h¡.

{\$a^r gå_mZZr` àmÜ`mnH$ lra_oe XdoH$m EH$ {dbjU dXVmoì`mKmV{H$ ""Akshar too has a divine personality...in human form. However,the mayika distinction of male or female do not apply to him forhe is beyond the three gunas of maya'' (ŸX ^ŠV^JdmZ² [aboeZ{enn¥.127Ÿ) `h Vmo lrOr _hmamOH$s _yb{dMmaYmamgo Ag§JV gm hr àVrV hmoVmh¡, `h _ybmg§J{V n§Mmbm_| {X o J o CnXoeHo$ AmYmana ^r {gÕ hmoVr h¡Ÿ-

""lrOr _hmamO ~mobo {H$ h_Zo ~hþV X¡a VH$ {dMma {H$`mAm¡a g_ñV emñÌm|na Ñ{ï> S>mb H$a XoIm Vmo h_| Eogm kmV hþdm{H$ "lrH¥$îU O¡gm gd©epŠVgånÝZ H$moB© AÝ` AdVma Zhthþdm'... dh {H$g àH$maŸ? gw{Z`o : gd©àW_ ñd`§ lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²Zo XodH$sH$s H$moIgo OÝ_ {b`m V~ e§I-MH«$-JXm-nÙ YmaU H$a CÝh| MVw w©Oê$n_| Xe©Z {X`m. BgHo$ Ûmam CÝhm|Zobú_rn{V d¡Hw$ÊR>ZmWH$m md AnZo ñdê$n_| {XIbm`m. CÝhm|Zo_mVm `emoXmH$mo AnZo _wI_| {dídê$n {XIm`m. Bggo CÝhm|Zoghòerf©ê$n Ûmam A{ZéÕ^md ñd §Ho$ ñdê$n_| {XIm`m VWmAH«y$aH$mo `_wZmH$s Ymam_| Xe©Z {X`m. Bggo eofem{`^md{XIm`m. VWm wÕñWb_| AOw©ZH$mo {dídê$n {XIbm`m... BgàH$ma AZÝV ~«÷mÊS> {XIbmH$a nwéfmoÎm_^md ~Vm`m. VWmñd § lrH¥$îUZo H$hm {H$ "`ñ_mV² ja_² AVrVmo Ah_² AjamX{nM CÎm_… AVmo Apñ_ bmoHo$ doXo M à{WV… nwéfmoÎm_…' Bg àH$malrH¥$îUZo ñd`§ AnZm nwéfmoÎm_^md {XIm`m. JmobmoH$dmgr

am{YH$mg{hV lrH¥$îU ^r ñd`_od Wo...Bg Ñ{ï>go ^rH¥$îUmdVma O¡gm H$moB© AdVma Zht h¡. dñVwV… hr gdm}n[a h¡.''(ŸdMZm.n§Mm.6Ÿ&132Ÿ).

AVEd _wPo `hr A~ AVrd {Okm{gV h¡. Š`m|{H$ _mZdr` ñdê$n `m VmonwéfmH$ma hmoVm h¡ `m ñÍ`mH$ma, n¥WH$ Vmo hmoVm Zht. Eogr pñW{V_| Ho$dbam_mZwO_Vm{^àoV bú_rgo{dV Zmam`UH$s na_nwéfVmHo$ ñWmZna nwéfmH$maÛ`rH$sna_nwéfVmHo$ à{VnmXZH$s g§J{V H¡$go ~¡R>mZrŸ! dh Z Vmo lrOr _hmamOH$sñdKmo{fV AZwJm{_VmHo$ AmYmana Am¡a Z CZHo$ {ejmnÌr _| Cnbä`_mZH$ÊR>moŠV dMZmoH|$ AmYmana {ZañV hmo nm oJr. Eogr pñW{V_| lrJwUmVrVmZÝXOrH$moAja~«÷Ho$ _y{V©_mZ ñdê$nHo$ ê$n_| àñVwV H$aZm Ho$db dMZm_¥V Ho$ ^rAmZw_m{ZH$ AmYmana hr gå^d h¡. AWm©V² {ejmnÌr H$m Bg {df`_| H$mð>_m¡ZA{Ve` IQ>H$Zodmbr ~mV _wPo bJVr h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm dMZm_¥V_| Cnbä`_mZCnXoem|H$m ^r Bg gÝX ©_| AdJmhZ H$aZona Bg {df`_| EH$ Am¡a ~mV ñ\w$[aVhmoVr h¡. `Wm ""O~ ^JdmZ² _m`m_| AmVo h¢ V~ _m`m ^r AjaYm_ê$n hmoOmVr h¡. `{X Mm¡~rg VÎdm|_| à{dï> hm| Vmo Mm¡~rg VÎd ^r ~«÷ê$n hmoOmVo h¢'' (ŸdMZm.daVm.7Ÿ&207Ÿ) Eogm gwñnï> eãXm|_| {gÕmpÝVV h¡ hr. {\$a^r ì`W© hr am_mZwOm{^_V lrepŠVH$mo _m{`H$ _mZZm `m namojd¥{Îmgo CgH$sJm¡UVm Üd{ZV H$aZr, Bg_| à`moOZ Š`m h¡ h ñnï> Zht hmo nmVmŸ! O~{H$ ñd §^mJdVnwamUHo$ ""{ZañVgmå`m{Ve oZ amYgm ñdYm_{Z ~«÷{U a§ñ`Vo Z_…''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&4Ÿ&14Ÿ) dMZH$s am_mZwOr ì`m»`m_| Vmo Ú{n Zht naÝVw {OZH$slrH¥$îUgodmar{VH$mo {Z`VmZwgV©ì` Kmo{fV {H$`m J`m Eogo _hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$sgw~mo{YZr_| Vmo "" "{ZañVgmå`o'{V H$m{MX² ^JdV… {g{Õ… ApñV"amYg²'eãXdmÀ`m. Z VmÑer {g{Õ… Šd{MX² AÝ`Ì Zdm VVmo@{nA{YH$m. V`m {gÕçm ^JdmZ² ñdJ¥hEd a_Vo. VÀM AjamË_H§$ ~÷."a§ñ`Z²' B{V ñd{Zð>_od ag§ VËgå~ÝYmX² A{^ì`ŠV§ H$amo{V B{V. EVmdVmñdê$npñW{Vì`{VaoHo$U Z AÝ`Ì a§ñ`{V B{V JdXr`mo ag… VÌ¡d àmßVì`….J¥hÄM Vñ ¡d. VËgmYZ§ M {ZañVgmå`m{Ve`m {g{Õ….''Ÿ-Ÿ""`Xm JdmZ²ñdepŠVê$noU Am{d y©V… VXm eŠVrZm§ _Ü o lr… àW_m. gm earaEd~bdV² nydª pñWVm. `Xm ^JdmZ² à wËdoZ Am{d y©V… VXm gm{n ^mo½`ËdoZ

301 302

Am{d^y©Vm ^m`}d... Vñ`m… earaÝVw ~«÷mZÝXê$n_²... gm{h Ajañ`AmZÝXê$nm.'' (Ÿ^mJ.gw~m o.2Ÿ&4Ÿ&14Ÿ-Ÿ2Ÿ&9Ÿ&13Ÿ) AV… _hmà^wlrdëb^mMm`m©{d^m©{dV lrH¥$îUgodmar{VH$mo AZwgaZm A{Zdm`© hmo Vmo""lr+H¥$îU=lrH¥$îU'' g_rH$aU{gÕ amYmg{hV H¥$îU hr gdm©{YŠ`oZ^OZr` hmoVo h¢. ~Om` {H$ lrJwUmVrVmZÝXñdm{_g{hV lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ OZHo$.

(Ÿ5.àH$Q>nwéfmoÎm_VmH$s à`moJmpÝd{V_| gr_mŸ) I¡a, g^r gåàXm`m|Zo AnZo-AnZo _ybmMm`m]H$mo ^JdXdVma Vmo _mZm hr

h¡. Bg gÝX ©_| _oao dMZm|H$mo AÝ`Wm Ame`_| Z {b`m Om o Vmo H$hZm Mmhÿ§Jm{H$ Ho$dbmÛ¡V gåàXm`Ho$ àdV©H$ ""Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_''Ho$ CnXoï>m ^JdËnmXlre§H$amMm ©Zo ñd §Ho$ nyOm_pÝXa Zht àË wV gm_mÝ`emñÌ{gÕ {d{dY XodVmAm|H$shr _y{V©Am|Ho$ hr _pÝXa {gÕ H$adm H$a nÄMXodmonmgZm AWdm e¡d emŠVñH$mÝX JmUnË` gm¡a VWm d¡îUd AmamYZmHo$ fS²>{dY _mJm]H$m àMma {H$`m Wm.`{Vda lram_mZwOmMm © r eofmdVmaV`m _mÝ` hmoZona r lrbú_r-lrZmam`UHo$hr _pÝXa ñWm{nV H$a J o. `hr H$Wm _mÜdgåàXm`_| ^r h¡. ñd § lrM¡VÝ`_hmà wH$mo ^r lrH¥$îUHo$ AdVma _mZm OmVm h¡, H$ht Vmo lrH¥$îUgo A{YH$ ^rnaÝVw lramYmH¥$îUH$mo Jm¡U ~Zm H$a CZH$s nyOmH$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZodmbo _pÝXa Aënhr h¡. dmëb^ gåàXm`_| ^r _hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$mo ""dñVwV… H¥$îUEd''(ŸJmoñdm{_lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUH¥$V lrdëb^mï>H$ íbmo.8Ÿ) _mZm J`m h¡ gmjmV²lrH¥$îU_wIma{dÝXHo$ AdVmaê$n. hmb_| BYa gmo-S>o‹T> gmo df©_| AZYrV{gÕmÝVAZwJm{_Am|Zo h_ A`mo½` _hmamOlrAm|_| AnZr lÕm Imo XoZoHo$ H$maU ZdrZdëb^nÝW Adí` Mbm`m h¡. AÝ`Wm AmamYZmW© lrH¥$îUH$s _hÎmm H$^rdmëb^ gåàXm`_| Jm¡U Zht ~Zm`r J`r.

lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ r gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm_ñdê$n hmoZo_|, AV… gåàXm`Ûofa{hV{H$grH$mo ^r {H$gr VahH$s H$moB© g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Amn{Îm Vmo hmo hr Zht gH$Vr. Am¡aZ lrOr_hmamOHo$ gh`moJr lrJwUmVrVmZÝXOrHo$ Aja~«÷ñdê$n hmoZo_| ^r. Omo~mV, naÝVwŸ, g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {ddoMZmHo$ AÝVJ©V g_P Zht AmVr dh `h h¡ {H$EVmdVm ñdm{_Zmam`Ur` _pÝXam|_| lrH¥$îU `m lrbú_rZmam`U H$s Omo A~Jm¡UVm àX{e©V H$aZoH$mo lrOr_hmamOHo$ nmíd©_| CZH$mo à{Vð>m{nV {H$`m OmVm

h¡, CgH$s dmM{ZH$ g§J{V H¡$go ~¡R>mZrŸ? Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ Cne_ZmW© Š`m-H¡$gr Cnn{Îm`m§ h¢ `h ^r _wPo {Okmñ` bJVm h¡.

(Ÿ6.AmYw{ZH$ EVÝ_Vm{^km|Ho$ _V Ed§ H$V©ì`Ÿ) lrñdm{_Zmam`U gåàXm`Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ {dÛmZm|H$m Eogr pñW{V_| `h

Adí`mZwð>o H$V©ì` ~Z OmVm h¡ {H$ Bg {df`_| gmåàXm{`H$ g_mYmZ àH$Q>H$a|. `{X BZ nm§M VÎdm|H$m AÝV^m©d am_mZwOr` VÎdÌ`r_| H$aZm A{^àoV _mZmhmoVm, O¡go {H$ VÎdÌ`rH$s ì`m»`mHo$ ê$n_| lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Zo Ðì`mÐì`m{XHo${d^mJH$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡, Vmo àH$Q> hmoVm AÝV{d©amoYm^mg Adí` hr Hw$N>{e{Wb ~Z OmVm. `h VÎdnÄMH$H$s H$ënZm naÝVw BVZr A{YH$ Z Ho$dbam_mZwO_Vmg{hîUw h¡ àË wV ñd § {ejmnÌr Ho$ gmW ^r {H$VZr Ag{hîUwVmàH$Q> H$aVr h¡, `h XoI H$a AVrd {dñ_` hmoVm h¡Ÿ! EVXW© lrOr_hmamOHo$dMZmoHo$ gmW ñnï>V`m PbH$Vo {damoYm^mgH$mo XoIZm hmo Vmo Bg gåàXm`Ho$AmYw{ZH$ {dÛmZm|Ho$ CX²Jmam|Ho$ gmW _ybdMZm|H$m VwbZmË_H$ {d_e© Amdí`H$bJVm h¡. EH$ Zht àË wV AZoH$ {dÛmZ g_doV ñdam|_| {ZaÝVa AnZo Xme©{ZH${gÕmÝVH$mo Aam_mZwOr` VWm AnZr AmamYZmàUmbrH$mo Anw{ï>_mJu` {gÕH$aZoH$s ^agH$ Moï>m H$aVo ahVo h¢. `h AnZo AYwZm{dH${gV ê$n_| EH$ {Zðw>agË` hmo gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw {ZOmMm`m}pŠVHo$ àm_mÊ`{Zdm©hH$m {dH$amb àíZAg_m{hV ah OmVm h¡.

d¡go Y_©-Xe©Zm|H$s {d{dYVmH$mo _¢ ^maVr` MoVZmH$s AmË_m _mZVm hÿ§.gmo AmO Zht Vmo H$b `h hmoZm Vmo Wm hr. `h, d¡go, {ZVmÝV A{^ZÝXZr` ^rhmoVm h¡Ÿ! Š`m|{H$ àË oH$ Y_©gåàXm`m|_| Hw$N> H$mbHo$ ~mX BVZr gmar {ZX©ê${T> VWm lÕmbw OZVmH$s lÕmHo$ emofUHo$ BVZo _{bZ ê$n C^a OmVo h¢ {H$ZdrZ gåàXm` C^a H$a CZH$m àVrH$ma Z H$a| Vmo OZgmYmaU AmÜ`mpË_H$VmHo$D$na hr {dídmg Imo XoZoHo$ H$Jma VH$ nhþ§M OmVm h¡Ÿ! àíZ `hm§, {H$ÝVwŸ,Ym{_©H$ AmñWmH$s {dew{ÕHo$ {Zdm©hH$m CVZm Zht h¡ {OVZm {H$ lrOr_hmamOHo$dMZm|Ho$ A{^àm`m|H$s `Wmon{Xï>_r_m§gmH$m h¡. EVXW© nydm}XmöV CnXoem|H$moXmoham H$a AYwZmàH$Q> {damoYm^mgH$mo XoI boZm àmg§{JH$ hmoJmŸ-

(1)""emaraH$mUm § ^JdX²JrVm`m… M AdJå`Vm §am_mZwOmMm ©H¥$V§ ^mî`_² AmÜ`mpË_H§$ __''. (2)""_V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ _o''. (3)""ko … ñdVÝÌ B©emo@gm¡ gd©H$_©\$bàX… g lrH¥$îU… na§~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm_… Cnmñ` Bï>Xodmo Z… gdm©{d^m©dH$maU§ gamY`m `wVmo ko`mo amYmH¥$îU B{V à^w…. épŠ_Ê`m a_`monoVmobú_rZmam`Um{^Y…''(`Wmnydm}Õ¥V).

{déÕIn Gujarat there is an active reforming sect called Swami-Narayanis who worship… Krishna and Radha. The founder,Sahajanand or Swami-Narayan, disgusted with the grossimmorality of the Vallabhas, began shortly aftter 1804 to

denounce them and to teach a purer system. He soon gathereda large compny of follwers and a sect was formed...Theirphilosophy is the Vishishtadvaita of Ramanuja, but in theirtheololgy they follow Vallabha... They retain the Vallabh

mantra...' Thus we see that Farquhar has allotted only oneparagraph to Swaminarayanism; and even in such a smalldescription, he has made more than five false statements

which have been put by us in italics'' (lr O.Am.`m{kH$H¥$V "X{’$bmogm°’$s Am°’$ lrñdm{‘Zmam`U' n¥.10).

d¡go Vmo dmëb^ XodemñÌ ^r lrOr ‘hmamOH$mo ‘mÝ` h¡ hr Am¡a Bgo{ejmnÌrHo$ AmYmana {gÕ ^r {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg VÏ`H$s, naÝVw, Cnojm^r H$a Ho$ Mb| V~ ^r BVZm Vmo Y«wd {ZpíMV h¡ {H$ Cn[a {Z{X©ï> {damoYm^mgHo$MbVo lrOr ‘hmamOH$s am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm{‘VmHo$ {ZOH$ÊR>moŠV dMZ A~ `m VmoAàm‘m{UH$ R>hamZo n‹S>|Jo `m {’$a am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm{‘Vm{d{eï> {d{eï>mÛ¡Vdm{XVmñdrH$mao {~Zm H$moB© g‘mYmZ hr Ñ{ï>JV Zht hmoVm.

gå‘mZZr` {dÛmZ² lr O.Am.`m{kH$ ‘hmoX`Zo 66d| B§{S>`Z² {’$bmogmo{’$H$b²H$m°ÝJ«og²‘| àñVwV {H$ o AmboInÌ ""{d{eï>mÛ¡V Am°’²$ ñdm{‘Zmam`U''Ho$ {ÛVr`

n[aÀN>oX‘| ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` doXmÝVH$mo am‘mZwOr` {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXgo n¥WH²$ {gÕH$aZoH$mo N>h hoVw {X o h¢. BZ‘| am‘mZwOr` {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXH$s YmaUm‘| XmofmoX² mdZm^r H$s J`r h¡.

d¡go dh ‘wPo BVZr Jå^ra Zht bJVr naÝVw CÝh| ‘mZ H$a ^r Mb| Vmo ‘wPo`h H$hZoH$s Vmo BÀN>m à~b hr hmoVr h¡ {H$ o gmao Xmof ñd § lrOr ‘hmamOHo$""emaraH$mUm§ ^JdX²JrVm`m… M AdJå`Vm§ am‘mZwOH¥$V§ ^mî`‘²''-""‘V§{d{eï>mÛ¡V§ ‘o''(`Wmnydm}Õ¥V) dMZm|na bmJy hmo H$a CZHo$ dMZm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$mo{ZañV hr H$a X|Jo

Bg‘| àW‘ hoVw VÎdnÄMH$H$s A§JrH¥${VH$mo ~Zm`m J`m h¡. BgH$m {dMmaVmo h‘Zo H$a hr {b`m. {ÛVr` hoVwV`m am‘mZwOYmaUmHo$ ~mao‘| gd©nëbrlramYH¥$îUZ²Ûmam CX² m{dV XmofH$mo gå‘mÝ` lr`m{kH$ ‘hmoX`Zo àñVwV {H$`mh¡. dh Xmof `h h¡ {H$ am‘mZwOr` {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX‘| ^JdmZ² gd}gdm© h¢ VWmOrdmË‘m VWm eara Vmo CZHo$ Ho$db CnH$aUê$n hmoVo h¢. Bgo lr`m{kH$ ‘hmoX`^JdmZ²H$s n[anyU©Vm bmoH$moÎmaVm VWm AnamYrZVm Ho$ {déÕ OmVr ~mV ‘mZVoh¢ Am¡a H$hVo h¢ {H$ Eogm Xmof ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` Ñ{ï>‘| Zht ImoOm Om gH$Vm,Š`m|{H$ Ho$db AÝV`m©{‘epŠVHo$ Ûmam hr `hm§ earaear[a^md ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.A~ An¥WH²${gÕ earaear[a^mdHo$ ~mao‘| lr`m{kH$ ‘hmoX`H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$am‘mZwO‘V‘|, Š`m|{H$, An¥WH²${gÕ {MX{MÀN>ara{d{eï> ‘mZm J`m h¡, AV…na‘VÎdHo$ ñdê$n‘| eara{Z ©aV`m {MX{MXVrVVm {gÕ Zht hmo nmVr. O~{H$Ho$db AÝV`m©{‘Vm‘ybH$ earaear[a^md‘| `h Xmof àgŠV Zht hmoVm. ‘wPo Bg{df`‘| `m| bJVm h¡ {H$ Bg AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV‘| ^r `{Xg¥{ï>go nyd© nwéfmoÎm‘ gyú‘{MX{MÀN>ara{d{eï> Z hm| Vmo Mma `m nm§M hr J{VAdbå~ZmW© ~M OmVr h¢:

(1)`m Vmo gyú‘ {MX{MV²H$mo A{ZË` ‘mZZm. (2)`m CÝh|gyú‘mdñWm‘| nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ Aeara^yV {H$gr VÎdê$n `m VÁOÝ`‘mZZm. (3)`m {’$a AmH$memon‘ Ho$db AmYma yV nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ñdê$n‘|hþdm àH$Q> ‘mZZm. (4)`m gwdUm}n‘ A{dH¥$Vn[aUm{‘-CnmXmZê$n

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nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ñdê$n‘|go n[aUV ‘mZZm. (5)`m ewpŠVaOVmon‘ {‘Ï`m‘mZ boZm.

(1)A{ZË` ‘mZZona VÎdnÄMH$H$m emídV VÎd hmoZm {ZañV hmo Om oJm.(2)nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ Aeara yV {H$gr VÎdê$n `m VÁOÝ` ‘mZZona nwéfmoÎm‘H$sì`mnH$Vm Bg Vah {ZañV hmo Om oJr {H$ dh AÝV`m©‘r r {gÕ Zht hmo nm oJm.AÝ`Wm nwéfmoÎm‘H$s na‘ì`mnH$Vm Cg‘| ear[aV`m AZwŠV{gÕ hr ahoJr.(3)H$ën‘| `m Vmo {dkmZ{^jwHo$ doXmÝV‘| àdoe Jbon{VV hmoJm. (4)H$ën‘|dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘VH$m AZwn{Xï> g‘mdoe Jbon{VV hmoJm.(5)H$ën‘| em§H$adoXmÝV‘| ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘V n ©d{gV hmo Om oJm.

g¥{ï>Ho$ AmYmaV`m `hm§ na~«÷H$mo àñVwV H$aZoHo$ ~Om` Aja~«÷H$moàñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡. VWm Cg Aja~«÷H$mo ^r nwZ… ñdê$noU Zht naÝVw ñWybOJV²Ho$ ñdê$noU n[aUm{‘-CnmXmZê$n àH¥${V-nwéfHo$ ì`mnH$ËdoZ VWm{Z`m‘H$ËdoZ ear[aH$maU ‘mZm J`m h¡.

^ma‘mnH$ `ÝÌna gmjmV² aIo {~Zm H$moB© nwéf AnZo gm‘mZH$mo {ZOH$ÝYm|na bmX H$a AnZm ^ma ‘mnZm Mmho Vmo Cg‘| gm‘mZH$m ^ma Š`mì`pŠV^maHo$ gmW Ow‹S> Zht Om`oJm `m| Ho$db AjaVÎdH$mo VWm àH¥${V-nwéfVÎdm|H$mo AÝVJ©Sw> ~ZmZogo ^r Amn{Îm Q>b Vmo Zht nm oJr Am¡a Q>bVr hmoJrVmo am‘mZwOr` doXmÝV‘| ^r Q>b Om oJr. Š`m|{H$ AmË`pÝVH$ oX Vmo XmoZm| hr‘Vm|‘| g‘mZ h¡ Am¡a Bgr Vah {d{eï>H$m EoŠ` ^r. AV… EH$mÝV[aV ÛçÝV[aVAWdm Í`ÝV[aV earamnojmHo$ ì`mOde am‘mZwO‘VH$m àË`m»`mZ gå^d ZhtbJVm.

Bgr Vah g¥{ï> ñdmW© h¡ m namW© Bg g‘ñ`mHo$ ~mao‘| r ‘wPo Vmo hr bJVmh¡ {H$ OrdmZwH$ånmW© ‘mZZona ^r AZwH$ånm `{X na‘mË‘mH$m ñd^md hmo VmoñdmW© hr {gÕ hmoJr VWm àm{W©V CnH$maàXe©Z hmo Vmo g¥{ï>nyd© dh AàgŠVhrhmoZogo hoVw Zht ~Z nm oJm.

V¥Vr` XmofV`m am‘mZwO‘V‘| {MX{MÀN>aram|H$s A{Zdm ©VmH$mo {JZm`m J`mh¡ {H$ÝVw dh ^JdmZ²Ho$ metaphysical aspect g¥{ï>H$V¥©ê$n‘| A{Zdm © hmoZona^r theological aspect ^JdmZ²Ho$ {Xì`Ym‘pñWV ñdê$n‘| dh am‘mZwO‘V‘|^r A{Zdm`© ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr. lr`m{kH$ ‘hmoX` H$hVo h¢ ""ThusVisistadvaitism of Sri Svaminarayanan does not regard the worldof matter and souls as an organic to the nature of God'' (VÌ¡dn¥.7) naÝVw ear[aV`m AÝV…àdoeHo$ ~mdOyX Am°J©{ZH$ Zht ‘mZZm dXVmoì`mKmVhr h¡. h‘ H$h MwHo$ h¢ {H$ AmË`pÝVH$ oX Vmo C^`‘Vm|‘| ‘mÝ` h¡. Ym ©YmaH$^mdê$nm{dY¥{V BVaoVaì`mn¥{V interaction Ho$ {~Zm eŠ` Zht hmo nmVr. VXm`ÎmmoËn{ÎmH$ËdVXm`ÎmpñW{VH$Ëd VXm`Îmàd¥{ÎmH$Ëd Am{X eararHo$ CËnmXH$ AmYma àoaH$ hþdo{~Zm eŠ` Zht. Am¡a Bggo ~MZoH$mo Omo Cnn{Îm ImoOr Om oJr CgH$m bm^am‘mZwOr` ‘VH$mo ^r {‘boJm hr.

lr`m{kH$ ‘hmoX` H$hVo h¢ {H$ am‘mZwO‘V‘| nañnamnojm Xmof h¡ Omoñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘V‘| Zht. ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ `{X Aja~«÷H$mo Ym‘ ‘mZm OmVmh¡ Vmo nwéfmoÎm‘H$mo AnZo AdñWmZmW© CgH$s Anojm ahoJr hr. àË wV {Z`VYm‘hmoZoHo$ H$maU Aja~«÷‘| Y{‘©ê$nVmH$s Am¡a na~«÷‘| Aja~«÷Ho$ Y‘©ê$n hmoZoH$sAme§H$m ^r CR> gH$Vr h¡, Y‘©H$s ì`m»`m hr ""VX²d¥{Îm‘Îd‘²'' (Ý`m`H$moen¥.386) ‘mZr OmVr hmoZogo.

AñVw h Vmo ñWm{bnwbmH$Ý`m oZ Hw$N> g‘mYmZ h¢ Omo ‘wPo lrOr ‘hmamOH$mo‘mÝ` {d{eï>mÛ¡VH$s CnnÝZVmHo$ hoVw ñ’w$[aV hmoVo h¢. Amdí`H$Vm Bg ~mVH$sZht naÝVw ñd § lrOr ‘hmamOHo$ dMZm|H$s Eogo AmYw{ZH$ {dYmZm|Ho$ gmW Š`mg§J{V ~¡R>mZr BgH$s hr ‘hVr h¡.

BZHo$ Abmdm "X ^ŠV ^JdmZ²' g§Jmoð>r‘| gmYw lrh[aXmgOOrZo AnZoAmboInÌ‘| H$hVo h¢ ""Swaminarayan accepts the fundamental principlesof Ramanuja as basis of his philosophy, but goes much beyondhim'' ("X ŠV JdmZ² [aboeZ{en' n¥.189) Bg am‘mZwOdoXmÝVm{VJm{‘VmH$s

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{g{Õ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ CÕmamW© ~«÷mÊS>moËn{ÎmHo$ Ûmam AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`‘V‘| H$s h¡. {Okmñ` Bg {df`‘| `hr h¡ {H$ g¥{ï>{Z‘m©U `{X OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$à{V H$éUm{VaoH$de CÕmaHo$ Jå^ra à`ËZê$n ‘mZr Om o Vmo nwéfH$mo àH¥${VHo$gmW Omo‹S>Zm Am¡a {’$a CÕma H$aZm ""àjmbZmX² {h n§H$ñ` XyamX² Añne©Z§ da‘²''Ý`m`oZ CÝ‘ÎmnwéfdV² XwîH«$‘mdbå~Z h¡. BgHo$ ~Om` Vmo am‘mZwOmMm`©H$s{Zîà`moOZ H$ÝXwH$H«$sS>m ""Z à`moOZdÎdmV² bmoH$dÎmw brbmH¡$dë`‘²''(~«.gy.2&1&32-33) gm¡Ì Amjon Am¡a g‘mYmZ Ho$ gmW A{YH$ gwg§JV àVrVhmoVo h¢.

BgHo$ Abmdm am‘mZwO‘V‘| ~«÷n[aUm‘dmX A§JrH¥$V h¡ O~{H$ AmYw{ZH$ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘V‘| na~«÷àem{gV àH¥${Vn[aUm‘dmX ‘mZm J`m h¡, EogmgmYw lrh[aXmgOrH$m H$hZm h¡. àíZ `hm§ `h CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Š`m am‘mZwO‘V‘oA{MV²àH¥${V na~«÷àem{gV Zht h¡? lram‘mZwOmMm ©H$m Bg ~mao‘| Š`m H$hZmh¡ h XoIZm hmo Vmo : ""Vñ‘mV² joÌkH$‘m©ZwJwU§ ‘Xr`m àH¥${V… gË`g§H$ënoZ‘`m AÜ`joU B©{jVm gMamMa§ OJV² gy Vo AZoZ joÌkH$‘m©ZwJwU‘XrjUoZhoVwZm OJX² {dn[adV©VB{V ‘Ëñdmå § gË`g§H$ënËd§ Z¡K©«Ê`m{XXmofa{hVËd‘²BË o‘m{XH§$ dgwXodgyZmo… Eoída§ `moJ§ ní`'' (JrVm^m.9&10) Bggo H$m¡Z grA{YH$ ~mV na~«÷àem{gV àH¥${Vn[aUm‘dmXV`m H$hr Om ahr h¡

(7.gmYZmàUmbr) d¡go lrOr ‘hmamOgo 303 df© nyd© hþdo lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà wZo ^r

Aja~«÷Ho$ ~mao‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m Adbå~Z H$a Ho$ ~hmoV gmar do hr ~mV|ñdrH$mar VWm {ZO J«ÝWm|‘| AZoH$Ì à{Vnm{XV ^r H$s h¢, `Wm, Aja~«÷^JdÕm‘ê$n hmoVm h¡, AÛ`kmZ‘mJu`monmgZmÛmam Aja~«÷gm wÁ` hmoVm h¡,Aja~«÷H$mo AZÝVH$mo{Q> ~«÷mÊS>m|Ho$ XoeH$mbdñVwn[aÀN>oXa{hV AmYmaV`m VWmCgHo$ gH$bH$maUH$bmnm|Ho$ CnmXmZH$maUV`m Ed§ {ZOXhamH$meV`m ^r {ZhmaH$a Cg‘| na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$mo AdpñWV ‘mZ H$a ^OZH$aZodmbm Aja~«÷mË‘H$ ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>‘| AjamË‘H$ Xoh àmßV H$a JdX² OZH$m‘mojmdñWm‘| ^r {Zdm©h H$a nmVm h¡ Am{X-Am{X. AV… dmëb^ doXmÝVH$sÑ{ï>go Aja~«÷H$s ñdrH¥${V JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘‘| gwÑT>-gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZohHo$ nydmªJê$n

‘mhmËå`kmZHo$ A§JV`m A{Zdm © hmoZogo ghO gå^d h¡ {H$ nw{ï>‘mJu` ^pŠVHo$AZwgaUmW© am‘mZwO ‘V‘| BX{‘ËWV`m A§JrH¥$V Z hmoZona ^r Cgo AnZm {b`mJ`m hmo. VWm am‘mZwO‘Vr` {d{eï>mÛ¡Vgo dh Ag§JV Z hmo Om`o EVXW©nwéfmoÎm‘go Cgo AË`ÝV {^ÝZ VWm earaê$n ^r ‘mZ {b`m J`m hmo. `m| am‘mZwOdoXmÝV VWm dmëb^ doXmÝV H$m EH$ AX² wV g‘Ýd` `hm§ H$aZoH$m à`mg OmoàH$Q> hmoVm dh Adí` maVr` Xe©ZemñÌHo$ B{Vhmg‘| EH$ CëboIZr` AÜ`m`H$moOmo‹S>m J`m ‘mZm OmZm Mm{h o. {’$a ^r lrOr ‘hmamOHo$ dMZm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ` Am¡aAmÝV[aH$g§J{VH$s g‘ñ`mH$m g‘mYmZ Š`m?

(8.g‘mYmZmonm`H$s gå^m{dV ê$naoIm) Bg {Xem‘| Hw$N> g§emoYZ VWm g‘mYmZ àmßV hm| VXW© ""‘Ðÿn{‘{V

‘X²dmUr ‘mÝ`m B § na‘mXmamV²'' CZH$s AmkmH$mo {eamoYm © H$ao {~Zm H$moB©Cnm` g‘mYmZH$mar àVrV Zht hmoVm. Š`m|{H$ AYwZm{dH${gV lrñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`‘V‘| Z Vmo lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$mopëbpIV VÎd{d^mOZH$mo {H$gr VahH$s g¡ÕmpÝVH$‘mÝ`Vm Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a Z {ZOmMm ©H$ÊR>moŠV am‘mZwOr`{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXH$mo hrAmYw{ZH$ lrñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘VHo$ {dÛmZ `WmdV² ñdrH$maZo CÚV h¢. H$^r"{d{eï>{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX' Vmo H$^r "Zì`{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX' H$h H$a am‘mZwOr`{dMmaar{Vgo AnZo-AmnH$mo n¥WH²$V`m àñWm{nV H$aZoH$m hr à`mg A{YH$‘wI[aV hmoVm nm`m OmVm h¡. EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ am‘mZwOr`{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX‘| ^r A~ EVÝ‘VmZw m{`Am|H$mo H$moB© Jhar {dà{Vn{Îm H$ht-Hw$N> IQ>H$Vr hmoJr. d¡go `h Vmo, H$hZm n‹S>oJm {H$, {ZOmMm ©Ho$ AmXoeHo$ à{VAZmXa àH$Q> {H$`m Om ahm PbH$Vm h¡

B‘m‘od VVmo {ZË`‘Zwg¥Ë` ‘‘m{lV¡…&`VmË‘{^… d{V©Vì § ZVw ñd¡a§ H$XmMZ&&ZoËW§ ` AmM[aî`pÝV VoËdñ‘ËgåàXm`V…&~{h y©Vm B{V ko § ñÌrnw§g¡… gmåàXm{`H¡$…&&{ejmnÍ`m… à{V{XZ§ nmR>mo@ñ`m ‘Xwnm{lV¡…&H$V©ì`mo@Zjak¡ñVw ldU§ H$m ©‘mXamV²&&

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dŠÌ^mdoVw nyO¡d H$m`m©@ñ`m… à{Vdmga‘²&‘Ðÿn{‘{V ‘X²dmUr ‘mÝ o § na‘mXamV²&&

({ejmnÌr : 205-209).

Bg Eogr AmkmHo$ H$maU Bg {Xì`J«ÝWH$m AZ{VgmYmaU ‘hÎd {gÕ VmohmoVm hr h¡. {’$a^r am‘mZwOr` doXmÝVgo {ZOnmW©Š`na ma XoZoH$mo ñdm^m{dH$V`mdMZm‘¥Vm|H$m A{YH$mdbå~Z AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho$ {b o Omo An[ahm © ~Zmh¡ Cg gÝX ©‘| A~ àm‘mÊ`VmaVå` {Okmñ` ~Z OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ dMZm‘¥VVWm {ejmnÌr Ho$ ~rM Ohm§ EH$ê$nVm Z PbH$Vr hmo dhm§ g‘àm‘mÊ`de XmoZm|J«ÝWm|H$m {dH$ënoZ Aml`U H$aZm AWdm VaV‘àm‘mÊ`de? `{X VmaËå`deVmo {H$gHo$ AmYmana {H$gH$m ì`m»`mZ H$aZm?

Š`m ~m¡Õ Y‘©‘| O¡go AmééjwHo$ Anan`m© ê$n {dZo OZ VWm Amê$T>Ho$Anan`m©`ê$n {dZrVOZ Ho$ A{YH$m[aVm^oXHo$ de Ñ{ï>^oXH$m CnXoe {X`mJ`m, Eogo hr ì`m»`mZr{V `hm§ ^r AnZmZr? AWdm O¡Zm|Zo O¡go {dH$bmXoeVWm gH$bmXoe H$s ^oXH$ënZmHo$ Ûmam gßV{dY Z` Am¡a à‘mU Ho$ ~rMAmno{jH$ ^oX VWm A^oX H$s ñdrH¥${Vê$n gH$bZ`g‘mhmaHo$ ÛmamCnXoegm‘ÄOñ` ~¡R>m`m h¡, VX²dV² `hm§ lrOr‘hmamOHo$ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|‘| gm‘ÄOñ`ImoOZm? AWdm dmëb^ gåàXm`‘| ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$ hñVmjam|‘|CnbãY hmoVr lr{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwJm{‘Vm Am¡a JdXmkßV nw{ï>^pŠVgåàXm`H$sñdVÝÌVmHo$ ~mao‘| O¡go mî`apí‘H$ma lrJmonoídaOrZo ‘hmà w-{da{MV fmoS>eJÝWm|‘|1{ZJ©wU‘V, mJdVgw~mo{YZr‘| 2Am{YX¡{dH$‘V, ~«÷gyÌ^mî`‘| 3AmÜ`mpË‘H$‘V;VWm VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY‘| 4Am{Y^m¡{VH$‘V Eogo MVw{d©Y ‘Vm|H$s H$ënZm H$aHo$H$WpÄMV² gm‘ÄOñ` ~¡R>mZm Mmhm Wm. Eogo hr lrOr‘hmamOH$mo ^r Š`mam‘mZwOr` doXmÝV Ho$db AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ‘VV`m hr A{^‘V Wm? AWm©V² {ejmnÌr‘| CÝh| Omo ‘V ‘mÝ` h¡ dh AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ‘VH$m CnXoe h¡ Am¡a dMZm‘¥V ‘| Š`mCÝh| Am{YX¡{dH$V`m ‘mÝ` {H$gr ‘VH$m CnXoe h¡? AWdm ‘hmà wHo$ C^`{dYhñVmjam|go {gÕ CZH$s C^`‘VmZwJm{‘VmHo$ ~mao‘| ñd § Omo ‘wPo C{MV àVrVhmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ CZH$s naånamàmßV Ñ{ï> Wr Am¡a Xygar CZH$s ñdVÝÌÑ{ï> Wr.BZ‘| nmW©Š` hmoZona ^r {damoYm^mg Z hmoZogo C^`Ñ{ï>`m|H$mo `Wm`W ñdrH$mam

J`m h¡. Eogr hr H$ënZm lrOr‘hmamOH$s ‘mÝ`VmHo$ ~mao‘| ^r H$aZr? AWdmEH$‘| H$V©ì`monXoeH$s àYmZVm h¡ Am¡a Xygao‘| VÎdmonXoeH$s Bg Vahnydm}Îma‘r‘m§gmÝ`m` Š`m hm§ AZwgaUr` h¡? AWdm AmYw{ZH$ nmíMmË` AmXe©Ho$AZwJm‘r {MÝVH$m|Ho$ O¡gr H$mbH«$‘de {dMman[adV©ZH$s H$ënZmÛmam `hm§gm‘ÄOñ` ~¡R>mZm? BZ {d{dY gå^mdZmAm|Ho$ ~rM Omo Hw$N> r ñdgåàXm`Ñï>çmC{MV hmo Cgo {ZYm©[aV H$aZm lrñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {dÛmZm|H$m ‘wPo Adí`mZwð>oH$V©ì` bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ Š`m H$maU h¡ {H$ am‘mZwO‘Vr` VÎd{d^mJ Bg ‘V‘|AYwZm ñdrH$mam Zht OmVm h¡? Š`m| CgHo$ ñWmZna na~«÷ Aja~«÷ B©ída OrdAm¡a ‘m`m ê$nr n§MYm VÎd{d^mJ, Omo dMZm‘¥Vm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡ Cgrna ^ma{X`m Om ahm h¡? Š`m| BZ n§M{dY VÎdm|H$m H$moB© ^r ñnï> g§Ho$V {ejmnÌr‘| Zht{‘bVm? BZ VÎdm|Ho$ A§JrH$made Cn{ZfX² ~«÷gyÌ `m ^JdX²JrVm Ho$ dMZm|‘|lram‘mZwO^mî`moŠV A{^àm`Ho$ {déÕ AW© Vmo ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. V~ `m Vmoam‘mZwO^mî`moŠV AW©H$mo Aà‘mU m {’$a BZ VÎdnÄMH$H$s H$ënZmH$mo Aà‘mU‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. `m| C^`V…nme‘| ~w{Õ OH$‹S> OmVr h¡. Omo ~mV BZ g~Ho$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Xw~m}Y bJVr h¡, dh `hr {H$ {Og Vahgo am‘mZwO‘VHo$~mao‘| AnZr {Zénm{YH$ ñdrH¥${V {ejmnÌr ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡ Cgo eZ¡…-eZ¡dMZm‘¥Vm|‘| Š`m| {e{Wb hmoVr hþ r VWm nadVu {dÛmZm|‘| gd©Wm Jm¡U hr ZhtàË wV XmofmoX² mdZ n ©ÝV AZwnmXo ~Zm`r Om ahr h¡ Š`m| nadVu boIH$ AnZo‘VH$m am‘mZwO‘Vgo nmW©Š`H$mo {gÕ H$aZo‘| AVrd AmJ«{hb nm o OmVo h¢?EVXW© {ZíM` hr àm‘mÊ`‘r‘m§gm A~ Bg gÝX ©‘| AVrd àmg§{JH$ ‘wPo àVrVhmoVr h¡.

(9.Cng§hma) VH$br’$ Bg ~mao‘| ‘wPo Am¡a Hw$N> ^r Zht {gdm` BgHo$ {H$ ñd § lrOr

‘hmamOHo$ dMZm|‘| nañna g‘Ýd` H¡$go gmYZm `hr à{H«$`m ‘wPo Z Ho$dbnaoemZ H$aVr h¡ naÝVw AnZr {dZ‘« {OkmgmH$mo ‘wI[aV H$aZo ^r CH$gmVr h¡.B{V e‘².

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&&lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…&&&&lr‘XmMm`©MaUH$‘boä`mo Z‘…&&

lrñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` Xe©Z{gÕmÝV Am¡a pŠVgmYZmH$s

{dH$gZà{H«$`m(2)(gmYw lrlw{VàH$meXmgOrHo$ g‘mYmZmË‘H$ AmboInÌH$s g‘rjm)

lrH¥$îU§ na‘mZÝX§ Xebrbm wV§ gXm&&gd© ŠVg‘wÕmao {dñ’w$aÝV§ na§ Zw‘…&&&1&&""g lrH¥$îU… na§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘…&&Cnmñ`… Bï>Xodmo Z… gdm©{d^m©dH$maU‘²''&&2&&nwéfmoÎm‘mo@ § JrVmoŠV… ghOmZÝXoï>XodVm&&na~«÷V`m gmo@ § lw{VgyÌà‘mUH$…&&3&&gd©‘mÝ ofw emñÌofw `Îmw Z¡dmonbä`Vo&&lw{VàH$meXmgr § ~«÷ VV² na‘§ Hw$V…?&&VV… ñdJmo{ð>{gÕ§ VV² {eî`lÕm{VaoH$V…&&4&&Z ‘VÄMm{n VV² VÌ ghOmZÝXñdm{‘Zm‘²&&{H$ÄM gd£{h© ñdJwé… na~«÷V`mÑV…&&5&&ñdJwê$ŠV§ naÝËdoV¡… {M̧ IëdYarH¥$V‘²&&emñÌmZwŠV§ à‘o § MoV² naVÎdoZ ê$ß`Vo&&6&&~mh²`ËdmnmXH§$ VËñ`mX² doXmÝVH$nQ>mo@Wdm&&AñdrH$m ©ñVw gmo@ § {h Jwê$ŠVmZmXamo ¥e‘²&&7&&Vñ‘mËgåà{V M¡Vofm§ Jwamodm©Š`{dMmaUmV²&&lw{VàH$meXmgmoŠV§ gmYyŠV§ ZmdYm ©Vo&&8&&

(1.CnH«$‘) ‘oar `h gwÑ‹T> YmaUm h¡ {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOr am‘mZwOdoXmÝV Am¡a

dmëb^doXmÝV Ho$ g‘Ýd` Ûmam {ZíM` hr EH$ {dbjU Am¡a ZyVZ doXmÝVà{H«$`màd{V©V H$aZm MmhVo hm|Jo; Am¡a, Bgr Vah d¡îUdr EH$mÝV^pŠV VWm ñ‘mV©nÄMXodmonmgZm Ho$ ^r AVrd AZyR>o g§íbofU Ûmam EH$ ZyVZ Y‘©gmYZmH$sàUmbrH$m ^r gyÌnmV do H$aZm MmhVo hm|Jo. `m| C^`doXmÝVm|H$m EH$ {dbjUg‘pÝdV ê$n hr Bg CZHo$ ‘VH$s Anyd©Vm Xe©Zo{Vhmg‘| ZyVZ àXmZ {gÕH$aZoH$m n`m©ßV Wm {’$a^r am‘mZwO dmëb^ VWm ñ‘mV© gåàXm`m|Ho$ VËH$mbrZAZwJm{‘Am|H$s Bg ZyVZgåàXm`Ho$ à{V Ag{hîUwVmHo$ de; VWm ñd`§ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|‘| ^r nZnr à{V{H«$`mdmXr ‘mZ{gH$VmHo$de ^r, ñd §H$mo AbJ-WbJ {gÕ H$aZoH$s XwX©‘ ‘hÎdmH$m§jmZo dV©‘mZ‘| BggåàXm`H$s Xme©{ZH$ VWm Ym{‘©H$ YmaUmAm|H$m Omo ñdê$n J‹T>m Am¡a ~hþàMm[aV{H$`m, dh ñd`§ CZHo$ lÕmerb AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo ñd`§ {ZOJwéHo$ H$ÊR>moŠVCnXoem|go AVrd Xya H$ht ^Q>H$m XoZoH$m EH$ {dnarV H$m © bJVm h¡

AnZo Bg A{^àm`H$mo àH$Q> `m àMm[aV H$aZoH$m Z Vmo ‘oao ^rVa H$moB©{ZOgmåàXm{`H$ CËgmhm{VaoH$ h¡ Am¡a Z d¡gm nagåàXm`{dÛof hr. Š`m|{H$lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrZo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU Am¡a Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmWà wMaU H$s àe§gm‘|-

gd©d¡îUdamOlrdëb^mMm`©ZÝXZ…&lr{dÆ>boe… H¥$VdmZ² § d«VmoËgd{ZU© ‘²&&H$m`m©g² V‘² AZwg¥Ë ¡d gd©Ed d«VmoËgdm…&godmar{VíM H¥$îUñ` J«mh² m VXw{XV¡d {h&&({ejmnÌr : 81-82).

Eogo gm¡hmX©nyU© CXma^md Omo àH$Q> {H$ o h¢, CZHo$ Eogo ^mdm|Ho$ {dnarVH¥$V¿ZVmnyU© gwöÔ«moh H$aZm àñVwV AmboInÌHo$ boIH$H$mo Xw…ñdßZ‘| r AmMaUr`H¥$Ë` Zht bJ gH$Vm h¡. AVEd `h g{deof CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ AnZo

311 312

AZwJm‘r OZ {ZaW©H$ hr AÝ`gåàXm`go H$ht à^m{dV Z hmo Om |, Eogr ^r{VaIZodmbo gåàXm`àdV©H$ AZoH$ Y‘m}nXoeH$m|go {dgÑe lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrHo$O¡gr {ZíN>b Xme©{ZH$ VWm Ym{‘©H$ AmË‘ñdrH¥${V ghgm CnbãY hmo Zht nmVr

Bg XoeHo$ {d{^ÝZ d¡{XH$ gåàXm`m|Ho$ àdV©H$ Z Ho$db ñd §H$mo ‘mÝ`A{nVw ~hþ‘mÝ` emñÌm|Ho$ hr AmYmana AnZr YmaUmAm|H$s gånw{ï> H$aVo h¢.CZH$s Omo r AmË‘ñdrH¥$V YmaUm | hm| CZHo$ H$maU BZ emñÌm|H$s {Og nyd©{gÕì`m»`mnaånamHo$ gmW do Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢, Cg ì`m»`mnaånamgo {déÕ OmZodmbrnaånamAm|H$s YmaUmAm|H$m ^r H$B© ~ma {ZO YmaUmHo$ gmW g‘Ýd` gmYVo h¢,`{X CÝh| {ZO{ddoH$de dh gË` Am¡a C{MV bJVm hmo Vmo. ^maVr` Y‘© Am¡aXe©Z Ho$ B{Vhmg‘| Eogm H$B© ~ma K{Q>V hþdm {XIbm`r XoVm hr h¡.

Bgo AnZr OZJ«mh² Vm àmßV H$aZoH$m N>Ù ‘mZZm ~hþYm gmåàXm{`H$nydm©J«hdmbr ‘mZ{gH$Vm ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡. AVEd lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOr `mCZHo$ gåàXm` Ho$ à{V {H$gr VahHo$ gmåàXm{`H$ {dÛof `m gwöÔ«moh Ho$ ê$n‘|Bg g‘rjmH$mo XoIZoHo$ ~Om` CZHo$ à{V {dZ‘« H¥$VkVmHo$ àH$meZHo$ ê$n‘| hrBgo {b`m OmZm Mm{h o. àñVwV AmboIZHo$ Amaå^‘| hr `h ñnï>rH$aU Xo XoZm‘wPo ‘oam H$V©ì` bJVm h¡.

{deof‘| Bg{b o ^r `h Ano{jV bJVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ ñd § g‘mXaUr` lr‘mZ²O. Am. `m{kH$ ‘hm oX`H o $ gmjmV ² ‘m ¡ pIH$ AË`mJ «hde {H$ñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`Ho$ Xe©Z Am¡a gmYZm Ho$ ~mao‘|, V~ Ah‘Xm~mX‘| Am`mo{OVhmoZodmbr g§Jmoð>r‘|, ‘wPo hr AmboInÌ àñVwV H$aZm Mm{h o. gmo d¥ÕnwéfHo$AmJ«hH$m AZmXa Z H$aZr ^mdZmde hr ‘¢Zo AmboIàÌ àñVwV H$aZm Mmhm Wm.AÝ`mÝ` {dÛmZm|Ho$ g‘j V~ CÝhm|Zo `h ^r H$hm {H$ ""Jmo.í`m.‘. `{X h‘marAmbmoMZm ^r H$a|Jo Vmo ^r h‘ CZHo$ AmboInÌH$mo n‹T>ZoH$mo CËH$pÊR>V h¢''AVEd ‘¢Zo AnZr g‘PHo$ AZwgma Hw$N> àíZ g‘mYmZmW© àñVwV H$aZo Mmho.~mX‘| ApIb ^maVr` Xe©Z n[afX², {OgHo$ VÎdmYmZ‘| dh g§Jmoð>r hmoZo Om ahrWr CgHo$ nXm{YH$mar AmXaUr` lr`wV lràH$me Xw~oOrZo AnZo nÌ({X.12&10&04) Ûmam ‘wPo `h gyMZm oOr :

""ñdm{‘Zmam`U goída doXmÝVH$m AmnH$m ì`m»`mZ Ah‘Xm~mXoOm J`m Wm, ì`dñWmHo$ AÝVJ©V. dhm§ Bgo n‹T>ZoHo$ CnamÝV lw{VàH$me

ñdm‘rZo ~Vm`m {H$ Bg‘| Hw$N> A§e Eogo h¢ {OZH$m dmMZ dhm§Ho$‘§Mgo Cn wŠV Zht hmoJm, naånamHo$ n[aàoú`‘| Hw$N> g§emoYZ Ano{jVh¡... CÝhm|Zo Hw$N> g§emoYZ H$aHo$ oOo h¢... `{X Amn BZ g§emoYZm|gogh‘V hm| Vmo BÝh| `WmdV² aIm Om`, daZm {ddmX‘| Z Om H$a Bgì`m»`mZH$mo ñW{JV H$aZm lo ñH$a hmoJm.''(AYmoaoIm§H$Z ‘oaoÛmam`mo{OV)

(2.g‘rjmaå^) m| Cg {dMmaJmoð>r‘| ew me`monoV àíZm|na VWm g‘mYmZmW© àñVwV {OkmgmAm|

na ^r à{V~ÝY bmJy {H$`m J`m. `h Vmo ‘wPo A{V {dñ‘`OZH$ hr bJm ‘¢g‘PVm hÿ§ {H$ gåà{V ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`Ho$ ZyVZ AZwJm‘r BZ Jå^raàíZm|H$m g‘mYmZ Z ^r gmoMZm `m ImoOZm MmhVo hm| Z gmoM| `m Z ImoO|. H$^rZ H$^r BZH$s ^mdr nr‹T>rH$mo ^{dî`‘| Vmo ImoOZo hr n‹S>|Jo. Š`m|{H$ lrghOmZÝXñdm‘rOrH$s-

""B{V g§jonVm o Y‘m ©… gd}fm § {bpIVm… ‘`m,gmåàXm{`H$J«ÝWoä`mo ko … EfmÝVw {dñVa…. gÀN>mñÌmUm§ g‘wÕ¥Ë`gd}fm § gma‘² AmË‘Zm, nÌr B`§ {bpIVm Z¦Um‘²A^rï>’$bXm{`Zr. B‘m‘od VVmo {ZË`‘² AZwg¥Ë` ‘‘ Am{lV¡…`VmË‘{^… d{V©Vì`§ ZVw ñd¡a§ H$XmMZ. d{V©î`ÝVo ` BËW§{h...{gqÕ àmßñ`pÝV {ZpíMV‘². Z BËW§ o AmM[aî`pÝV VoVwAñ‘ËgåàXm`V… ~{h^y©Vm… B{V ko`§ ñÌrnw§g¡… gmåàXm{`H¡$….{ejmnÍ`m… à{V{XZ§ nmR>mo Añ`m… ‘Xwnm{lV¡… H$V©ì`mo, AZja¡ñVwldU§ H$m`©‘² AmXamV². dŠÌ^mdoVw nyO¡d H$m`m© Añ`m…à{Vdmga§, ‘X²ê$n‘² B{V ‘X²dmUr ‘mÝ`m B`§na‘mXamV²''.({ejmnÌr : 203-).

313 314

BZ {ZOH$ÊR>moŠV {d{Y-{ZfoYm| Am¡a CZHo$ AZwgaU `m AZZwgaU H$sC^`{dY ’$blw{VAm|H$s AWm©n{ÎmH$m {dMma `{X {H$`m Zht J`m Vmo ^maVHo$EH$ {Xì` nwéfHo$ gmW {ZaW©H$ hr Ajå` AÝ`m` hmo Om`oJm. Š`m|{H$naånamH$s XwhmB© Xo H$a g§‘mÝ` gmYw lw{VàH$meXmgOr ‘oao AmboInÌ‘| O¡gog§emoYZmW© ‘wPo ào[aV H$aZm MmhVo h¢, dh Vmo gd©Wm Cnn{Îm{dhrZ hmoZogoAñdrH$m © hr bJVm h¡. ñd § CZHo$ eãXm|‘| XoIZm hmo Vmo-

(1)""emñÌ-{ZarjU‘| ~bm~bÝ`m` g^r Xe©Zm|‘|ñdrH¥$V h¡... EH$ hr Xe©ZH$m g‘ñV emñÌg‘yh EH$ hr AW©H$hVm hmo Vmo, H$^r nañna {damoYm^mg Z hmo Vmo, `h nydm}ŠV~bm~b{ZU© Am¡a VmËn ©{ZU© H$m à`mg hr {ZaW©H$ ~ZoJm...gåàXm`H$s {dñV¥{V Am¡a àd¥{Îm ‘| Xmo àH$ma g^r gmàXm{`H$Xe©Zm|‘| nm`o OmVo h¢... 1.gåàXm`Ho$ {dH$mgHo${bE AnZogåàXm`Ho$ nyd©dVu gåàXm`m|Ho$ Am{lV ‘w‘wjwAm|H$s ^r é{MCËnÝZ hmo, Bg{bE CZH$s AmñWmH$mo Yraogo ‘mo‹S>ZoHo${bE nyd©dVugåàXm`m| {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gmW g‘mZVm aIZodmbo àmW{‘H$J«ÝWm|H$s aMZm hmoVr h¡... AÝ`Wm àW‘go hr Bg gåàXm`goAnZm ‘w§h ‘mo‹S> boVm h¡. Bg àH$maHo$ emñÌm|H$mo "gXñ`J«ÝW'AWdm "gmYmaUJ«ÝW' H$hVo h¢. 2.gåàXm`‘| AZwaŠV‘w‘wjw{deofHo${bE O~ gåàXm`Ho$ ahñ`doÎmm, ‘VàdV©H$Ho$ gmWgmjmV² g‘mJ‘ H$aZodmbo, àYmZ {eî`m|go {‘bVm h¡. AWdmEogo àYmZ {eî`m|Ho$ J«ÝWm|H$mo AZw dr gmåàXm{`H$ {dÛmZm|gon‹T>Vm h¡ V~... Bg àH$maHo$ J«ÝW àmW{‘H$ g‘mJV ‘w‘wjwHo${bEAZwnmXo ~ZVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ do ‘w‘wjwHo$ gm‘Ï ©go A{YH$ Jå^rahmoVo h¢. Eogo J«ÝWm|H$mo "ahñ`J«ÝW' H$hVo h¢. (‘oao AmboInÌHo$g‘mYmZmW© oOo J o nÌ‘| IÊS> : 4.1).

(2){ejmnÌr‘| {bpIV OZgmYmaUVm AWm©V² gXñ`VmJ«ÝWmÝVJ©V {df`m|go OmZ gH$Vo h¢. `hm§ am‘mZwOr` VÎdÌ`H$m{Zê$nU, e§H$a‘Vm{^àoV nÄMXodnyOmH$s ‘mÝ`Vm,dëb^mMm`©àm oŠV CËgd{dYmZH$m ñdrH$ma,

{Zå~mH$m©Mm ©ñdrH¥$V JmobmoH$Ym‘H$s A{^‘{V, e¡dgåàXm`Ho$gmW g§dm{XVmHo${bE {ed‘pÝXaXe©Z Am¡a {ednyOm H$m {d{eï>{dYmZ BË`m{X am‘mZwO-{Zå~mH©$ dJ¡ah nyd©gåàXm`m|Ho${gÕmÝVm|Ho$ g‘Ýd`H$m hoVw g‘mO‘|Ho$ g^r gåàXm`m|Ho$ à{VAmXa^md h¡. H$moB© EH$ hr gåàXm` AnZm {gÕmÝV Zht h¡.h‘mam ahñ`JV {gÕmÝV Vmo {^ÝZ h¡ hr {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡. (VÌ¡d: 4.2).

(3)""`Ëna… g eãXmW©…'' Bg Ý`m`go {Og J«ÝWH$m OmoàYmZ {df` hmo Cg‘| Cgr {df`H$m àm~ë` Cg J«ÝWgo{ZH$mbZm Mm{h`o Z{H$ {df`mÝVaH$mo. {ejmnÌr Y‘© AWm©V²gXmMma{df`H$ J«ÝW h¡ Eogm, J«ÝWHo$ Am{X‘| AÝV‘| Am¡a ‘Ü`‘|~ma-~ma H$hm h¡... Bg àH$ma gXmMmadU©ZàYmZ Bg J«ÝW‘|Am¡a VÎdkmZdU©ZàYmZ dMZm‘¥V Ho$ ~rM H$moB© ~rOm§Hw$agå~ÝYZht h¡. XmoZm|H$m {df` hr {^ÝZ h¡. XmoZm|Ho$ boIZg‘`‘| oXh¡... BZ XmoZm|‘| VmpÎdH$ gÝX ©Ho${bE dMZm‘¥VH$m hr Cn`moJH$aZm Mm{h o, ~Om` {ejmnÌrHo$.(VÌ¡d : 4.2).

‘¢Zo ñd § r AnZo ‘yb AmboInÌHo$ 8d| IÊS>‘| EH$m{YH$ g‘mYmZmonm`H$sgå^m{dV ê$naoIm àñVm{dV H$s hr Wr. Cg‘| gd©àW‘ g‘àm‘mÊ` Am¡aVaV‘àm‘mÊ` H$m {dH$ën àñVwV {H$`m Wm. {ÛVr` VaV‘àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AÝVJ©VAmééjw Am¡a Amê$‹T> A{YH$m[a`m|Ho$ oXHo$ O¡gr {Ì{dY à{H«$`m àñVm{dV H$sWr. lrlw{VàH$meXmgOr BZ‘| VaV‘àm‘mÊ`Ho$ H$ënHo$ AÝVJ©V {df` oX Am¡aA{YH$m[a^oX Ho$ AmYmana {ejmnÌr Am¡a dMZm‘¥V JÝWm|‘| àH$Q> hmoVo{damoYm^mgH$mo AZ‘Zogo g‘m{hV H$aZm MmhVo h¢. `h Cn w©Õ¥V CZHo$ dMZm|Ho$AdbmoH$Zgo Am^m{gV hmoVm hr h¡. gmW hr gmW Bgo Ho$db {damoYm^mgHo$ê$n‘| hr XagmZm MmhVo h¢ nmañn[aH$ {damoYHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZm Zht MmhVo. d¡go‘oaoÛmam àñVm{dV {damoYm^mgHo$ {ZamH$aUmonm`V`m XmoZm| J«ÝWm|‘| ~rOm§Hw$a^mdH$m`hm§ {ZfoY H$aZoHo$ ~mdOyX AnZo àË wÎmaHo$ CnH«$‘‘| gmåàXm{`H$ {gÕmÝV{dH$mg‘|~rOm§Hw$a^md ^r ñdrH$ma H$a Mbo h¢. `Wm ""gåàXm` ghgm d¥jê$n Zht~ZVm... Bg A§Hw$[aV AdñWmH$m {MÌ Am¡a {dembH$m` AdñWmHo$

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{MÌH$mo XoI H$a H$^r-H$^r XmoZm|‘| {damoY {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡... {damoYAm¡a {damoYm^mg H$mo OmZZoH$m VarH$m `h h¡ {H$ 1.gåàXm`àdV©H$Ho$ g^r{dMmam|H$m gm‘y{hH$ {MÝVZ 2.gåàXm`àdV©H$H$s JwénaånamHo$ {dMmam|H$m{MÝVZ 3.g‘H$mbrZ AWdm {eî`g‘yh {OÝhm|Z o gmjmV² AnZogåàXm`àdV©H$H$mo gwZm, AZw d {H$`m hmo Eogo {dÛmZm|Ho$ J«ÝWm|H$m AmH$bZAm¡a {MÝVZ.'' (VÌ¡d : 1.CnH«$‘). AV… gd©àW‘ Vmo `h ‘wPo H$WZr`bJVm h¡ CpëbpIV XmoZm| J«ÝWm|‘| O~ {damoY hr Z hmo Vmo àm‘mÊ`‘| VmaVå`Š`m| ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o? XmoZm| J«ÝWm|H$m g‘àm‘mÊ` Cnnm{XV H$aZm hr C{MVhmoVm. naÝVw `h EH$ H$Qw>Va dmñV{dH$Vm h¡ {H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`UnÝWHo$ AmYw{ZH$AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo A~ {ejmnÌrH$s eãXmdbr, AnZr d¡Mm[aH$ YmaUmHo$ den`m©ßV à{VHy$b {XIbmB© n‹S>Vr h¡. Bg {df`H$mo AmJo Mb H$a A{YH$ ñ’w$Q>{H$`m Om oJm. AñVw.

gmYw lw{VàH$meXmgOr (BV…na "gm.lw.Or' Zm‘g§jonoU Cëbo»`) Ho$D$na {X`o VrZ CÕaUm|‘| Mma-nm§M YmaUm`| C^a H$a gm‘Zo AmVr h¢ :1{ejmnÌr gmYmaUJ«ÝW h¡ O~{H$ dMZm‘¥V ahñ`J«ÝW h¡. 2{ejmnÌr AÝ`mÝ`gåàXm`Ho$ AZw m{`OZm|H$mo AnZm {eî` ~Z OmZoH$mo bbMmZoHo$ hoVw {X`m J`mCnXoe h¡ O~{H$ dMZm‘¥V AnZo {eî`m|H$mo ewÕ^mdgo {X`m J`m CnXoe h¡.3{ejmnÌr ñdhñVmambopIV hmoZona ^r VÎd{dMmamW© AZwn`moJr gXmMmanaH$J«ÝW h¡ O~{H$ dMZm‘¥V lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ AZÝ` ^ŠVm|Ûmam AmbopIV AnZoJwéHo$ VÎd{dMmam|H$m à{VnmXH$ J«ÝW h¡. 4{ejmnÌr‘| CpëbpIV à`moOZdeVËH$mb‘| àM{bV AÝ`mÝ` gåàXm`m|Ho$ à{V Ho$db A{damoYmË‘H$ AmXa^md{XImZoHo$ hoVw {X`m J`m CnXoe h¡ O~{H$ dMZm‘¥V AnZo AÝVa§J ^ŠVm|Ho$ ~rMEogo à`moOZgo a{hV ñd‘VHo$ CnXoem|H$m g§H$bZ h¡.

1.AZwnn{Îm : Cn`w©Õ¥V lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ dMZm|‘| AYmoaoIm§{H$V A§em|H$m

Wmo ‹S>rgr gmdYmZrHo$ gmW AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `o g‘mYmZHw$eH$memdbå~Z `m AH$mÊS>VmÊS>d hr bJVo h¢ : 1gd}fm§,2gÀN>mñÌmUm§ g‘wÕ¥Ë` gd}fm§ gma‘² AmË‘Zm, nÌr B § {bpIVm,

3B‘m‘od VVmo {ZË`‘² AZwg¥Ë` ‘‘ Am{lV¡… `VmË‘{^… d{V©Vì § ZVwñd¡a§ H$XmMZ, 4Z BËW§ o AmM[aî`pÝV VoVw Añ‘ËgåàXm`V… ~{h y©Vm…B{V ko §, 5‘X²ê$n‘² B{V ‘X²dmUr ‘mÝ`m B § na‘mXamV²''.

ñnï> h¡ {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ AZwgma 1{ejmnÌr {ZOnÝW‘| Amééjw Am¡a Amê$‹T> XmoZm|Ho${bE AWm©V² g^rHo${bE {bIrJ`r h¡. `hm§ ""C{ÔYr{f©Vì`mZm§ àmW{‘H$mZm§'' nXà`moJHo$ ~Om`"gd}fm§' nXH$m à`moJ `hr {gÕ H$aVm h¡. gmW hr gmW 2`h{ejmnÌr lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rZo VÎdê$n Am¡a Y‘©ê$n C^`dñVwHo$à{VnmXH$ gÀN>mñÌm|Ho$ {ZOm{^‘V gmaH$m ñd § AmË‘H¥$V g‘wÕaUh¡. `h {ejmnÌr BÝht gÀN>mñÌm|na Adbpå~V hmoZodmbo BVaì`m»`mV¥gåàXm`m|Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ à{V Ho$db g‘mXa^md àH$Q>H$aZodmbr gypŠV`m|H$m g§H$bZ Zht. 3lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rna Am{lVCZHo$ gåàXm`Ho$ gmYmaU Am¡a ahñ`doÎmm g^rHo${bE `hr {ejmnÌr{ZË` lmoVì` ‘ÝVì` {Z{XÜ`m{gVì` CnXoe h¡ Z{H$ ahñ`~moYHo$~mX Cnoú` m AZZwgaUr` CnXoe. Bg {ejmnÌr‘| 4Cn{Xï> H$V©ì`m|Ho${dnarV AmMaU H$aZodmboH$mo {ZOgåàXm`go ~{h y©V ‘mZZoH$m ñnï>{dYmZ `hm§ {H$`m J`m h¡. AÝV‘| 5AÝ` dMZm‘¥V Am{X VWmH${WVahñ`J«ÝW Mmho lrghOmZÝXOrH$s empãXH$ H$m`m hm| `m Z hmo naBgo AnZr eãX‘`r H$m`mHo$ ê$n‘| hr na‘mXamñnX {XIbmZm doMmhVo h¢. AV… BgHo$ ~mao‘| Jm¡Uàm‘mÊ` hmoZoH$m Xwame` ñd`§{ZOmMm ©Ho$ dMZm| Am¡a ì`pŠVËd Ho$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ Ad‘yë`Z‘| hrn ©d{gV hmoJm.

2.AZwnn{Îm : {ejmnÌr‘| VËH$mbrZ AÝ`mÝ` gåàXm`m|Ho$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo

{ZOm{^‘wI ~ZmZoHo$ hoVw, CZ gåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ à{V Xagm`mJ`m AmXa^md, gXgX² ew^mew^ `m lo`ñH$amlo`ñH$a Ho$ ~mao‘|CnXoeH$Vm©Ho$ ñd § {ZOr {ddoH$ Am¡a {dídmg Ho$ AZwgma ‘mÝ` WmAWdm Ho$db AÝ`gåàXm`mZwJm{‘Am|Ho$ àamoMZmW© `m àVmaUmW©hr? `{X àW‘ H$ën ‘mÝ` aI H$a Mb| Vmo {ejmnÌrH$mo

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BVagåàXm`Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|H$m g§H$bZ ‘mZZm Ag§JV hmo Om`oJm.Š`m|{H$ AÝ`Wm ‘m§g^jU ‘ÚnmZ ì`{^Mma ñVoZH$‘© ÚyVH«$sS>mna{ZÝXm gÑe {Z{fÕmMaU lrñdm‘rZo O¡Z-~m¡Õm|Ho$ ‘Vm|Ho$ g§H$bZmW©`hm§ `mo{OV {H$ o Eogm ^r ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. Š`m|{H$ o CZHo$ `hm§ ^r{Z{fÕmMaUV`m d{U©V h¢. `{X BÝh| dhm§go {b o Zht ‘mZVo VmoVÎdÌ`{Zê$nU, nÄMXodnyOm, CËgd{dYmZ, JmobmoH$Ym‘ `m{ed‘pÝXaXe©Z am‘mZwO em§H$a dmëb^ Z¡å~mH©$ `m e¡d ‘Vm|Ho$g§H$bZmW© `m g‘mXaUmW© Z hmo H$a {ZOm{^àoV hr ñdrH$maZo n‹S>|Jo,{ZOmMm ©Ûmam gd© AmßVOZ‘mÝ` VÎdà{VnmXH$ Ed§ gXmMmaà{VnmXH$emñÌm|H$mo A{^àoV nXmW©Ho$ ê$n‘| A{^‘V hmoZogo hr. {ÛVr` H$ën‘|Vm o O ¡gm{H$ lrY‘ ©H $ s {V © Am ¡ a lrH$U ©Jm o‘r H$hV o h ¢""AmJ‘^« §eH$m[aUm § Amhm on wé{fH$`m VÔe©Z{dÛof oUVËà{VnÝZIbrH$aUm` YyV©ì`gZoZ AÝ`Vmo dm Hw$VpíMV²H$maUmV² AÝ`WmaMZgå^dmV².''-""`Wm ‘hm`mZ{d{Ûï>mZm§‘hm`mZà{VnÝZIbrH$aUm` ‘hm`mZà{Vê$nH$gyÌmÝVaaMZ§VËà{VnÝZIbrH$aUm`...ì`gZ‘² BX§ YyVm©Zm § `V² na…IbrH$V©ì`…'' (à‘m.dm{V©.3&332) d¡gm hr Hw$N> AmamonlrghOmZÝXOr ñdm‘rOrna ^r bJZo bJoJm ‘wPo Vmo `h gd©WmAmn{ÎmOZH$ bJVm h¡. AV… {ejmnÌrJV Cn{Xï> dMZm|‘| AmYw{ZH$AZwJm{‘Am|H$s lÕmH$m õmg Bg‘| à‘wI hoVw bJVm h¡. ‘yb CnXoeH$Ho$M[aÌ `m JwUm| ‘| AH$maU Eogr XwX©‘ {eî ofUmH$s {ZåZñVar`VmImoO {ZH$mbZm AÀN>r ~mV Zht hmoVr !

3.AZwnn{Îm : Š`m|{H$ Eogr YmaUmAm|H$mo ~hþàMm[aV H$aZona Vmo Bg nÝWH$mo

{dídHo$ AÝ`mÝ` y mJm|go H$b A{YH$ AZwJm‘r OZVm {‘b OmZona""lwË`m{X Amf© emñÌm|H$mo r Ho$db maVr` OZgmYmaUH$mo AmH${f©VH$aZoH$mo ‘mÝ` aIm J`m Wm'', Eogm Z H$hm Om oJm CgH$s Š`m{ZpíM{V? Š`m|{H$ V~ ^r `h H$hm Om gHo$Jm Bg ‘VH$mo "doXmÝV'^maVr` ‘w‘wjwOZm|H$mo AnZr Am¡a AmH¥$ï> H$aZoH$mo hr H$hm J`m Wm.

h‘mao Vmo "gËg§{JOrdZ' Am{X hr à‘wI ahñ`J«ÝW h¢ Cn{ZfX² Am{XZht

4.AZwnn{Îm : H$b {X dS>Vmb m ‘{UZJa Ho$ nrR>mYrem|‘| H$moB© "dMZm‘¥V'

Am¡a "gËg§{JOrdZ' J«ÝWm|na OZgmYmaUHo$ ~rM àdMZ H$a,lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$mo nwéfmoÎm‘V`m AnZm Cnmñ` ~Vm H$a,OZVmH$mo br^m§{V AnZm ŠV ~Zm boZoHo$ ~mX ahñ`Jmoð>r‘| ñd §H$molrghOmZÝX ñdm{‘ê$n AdVmaH$m ^r AdVmar Kmo{fV H$aZo bJo VmoŠ`m H$aZm? Eogm|Ho$ ^r ‘mZ‘moh-a{hV {Zanoj AÝVa§J ^ŠV d¡grgmjmV² AZw^y{VH$s enW ^r ImZo bJo Vmo Š`m H$aZm? Š`mñdm{‘Zmam`UnÝW‘| V~ CÝh| nyU©V‘ nwéfmoÎm‘ ñdrH$mam OmZm C{MVhmoJm {H$ Zht? `{X hm§ Vmo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$mo ^r""am‘H¥$îUmÚdVmamUm§ H$maU§ na‘oída‘²'' (gm.lw.OrH¥$V CŠVAmboInÌ‘| ‘§JbmMaU) ñdrH$maZoH$m Hw$N> Am¡{MË` {gÕ hmoJm.AÝ`Wm Eogm H¥$Ë` `{X ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘| C{MV Z hmo VmolwË`m{Xà‘mU¡H$Jå` doXmÝV `m lwË`m{Xgo A{déÕ nmÄMamÌm{XHo$^r à‘mUm|go Jå` d¡îUd gåàXm` ‘| ^r lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$s^r gH$bmdVmamdVm[aVm AZw{MV hr H$hbm oJr. CXmhaUV`m ‘mZbmo {H$ gmoI‹S>mdmbo ñdm‘rOr `{X OZmon`moJr ~‹S>o-~‹S>o Am`moOZm|‘|{demb OZ‘oXZrHo$ g‘j ñd §H$mo lr`moJrOr ‘hmamOHo$ EH$mÝVr^ŠV VWm dmñV{dH$ CÎmam{YH$mar hmoZoH$m Xmdm H$aZo bJo Vmo Š`m~moMmgUdmgr AjanwéfmoÎm‘ g§ñWmH$mo dh ‘mÝ` hmo nm oJm?

5.AZwnn{Îm : {XZmZw{XZ {dídì`mnr hmoVr Bg g§ñWm‘| H$moB© B©gmB© m ‘wgë‘mZ

AÝV…à{dï> hmo H$a, gXñ`J«ÝWHo$ ê$n‘| gËg§{JOrdZm{X gmåàXm{`H$J«ÝWm|H$m nmam`U-àdMZ H$ao Am¡a AnZo AÝVa§J lmoVmAm|H$mo `hg‘PmZm ewé H$ao {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOr ñd § B©gm ‘grh `m‘hå‘X n`Jå~a Ho$ AdVma Wo Am¡a Eogr {Xì` ahñ`mZw y{V ^r

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AnZo AÝVa§JOZm|H$mo àXmZ H$a| Vmo Š`m Cgo ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘|‘mÝ` H$aZr {H$ Zht? Omo hm§ g‘mYmZ hmoJm dhr ñd § ñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`na ^r bmJy hmoJm.

6.AZwnn{Îm : gmYmaUJ«ÝW Am¡a ahñ`J«ÝW H$s {d^mOH$aoIm AmßV‘mÝ`

lwË`m{XemñÌm|‘| {Zê${nV VÎdì`dñWm Am¡a Y‘©ì`dñWm go {^ÝZ VmoZht hmo gH$Vr. ""`Ëna… g eãXmW©…'' Ý`m oZ BZ lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$VmËn ©{df`V`m gd©Wm AH$ënZr` ""am‘H¥$îUmÚdVmamUm§ H$maU§na‘oída‘²'' (nydm}pëbpIV) ahñ`H$s ^r `hr J{V {XIbm`r XoVrh¡. d¡go BgHo$ Abmdm Am¡a Š`m ahñ` ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝVH$mhmo gH$Vm h¡? AV… `h ahñ` `{X BZ AmßVOZ‘mÝ` lwË`m{XemñÌm|H$m VmËn`©JmoMa hm| Vmo CÝht J«ÝWm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZÛmamñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ahñ`H$s ñdrH$m ©Vm à{Vnm{XV H$aZr Mm{h o Wr.{’$a gËg§{JOrdZ `m lrh[abrbm‘¥V gÑe AË`ÝV gmåàXm{`H$J«ÝWm|Ho$ AmYmana Zht. AÝ`Wm Bg nÝWH$mo doXmÝV `m d¡îUdY‘©‘mZZo Ho$ ~Om` doXm{XemñÌ~mh² {gÕmÝV Am¡a Ad¡îUd Y‘© hr‘mZZm Mm{h o, `{X BZHo$ Amê$‹T> AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo bw mZoH$m Xw m©döX`‘| Amê$‹T> Z hmo Vmo. d¡go gm.lw.OrH$m `h {dYmZ {H$ ""BZXmoZm|‘| VmpÎdH$ gÝX^©Ho${bE dMZm‘¥VH$m hr Cn`moJ H$aZmMm{h o, ~Om` {ejmnÌrHo$'' (nydm}pëbpIV) `h Vmo EH$ ‘hmZ²AH$mÊS>VmÊS>d hr h¡.

Š`m|{H$ Eogm H$hZona {Okmñ` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ :

""emaraH$mUm § ^JdX²JrVm`m… M AdJå`Vm §am‘mZwOmMm ©H¥$V§ mî`‘² AmÜ`mpË‘H§$ ‘‘. EVofw m{Z dmŠ`m{ZlrH¥$îUñ` (+) d¥fñ` M AË wËH$f©nam{U ñ w…... ‘ÝVì`m{ZàYmZm{Z VmÝ od BVadmŠ`V…. Y‘}U g{hVm H¥$îU^pŠV… H$m`m©B{V VX²ah…''({ejmn.100-102).

VwbZr`

""lra §JjoÌ‘| am‘mZÝXñdm‘rZo ñdßZ‘| gmjmV²am‘mOmMm`©go Xrjm d¡îUdr Xrjm àmßV H$s Wr. Bg{b`oam‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ Jwé am‘mZwOmMm © h¢. CZ am‘mZwOmMm ©Ho$ h‘{eî` h¢. Eogr Jwénaånam OmZZr Mm{h`o... Š`m|{H$ g‘ñVAdVmam|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbo ñd § lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ² hr h¢. CZlrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²Zo CÕdHo$ à{V JwU{d^mJHo$ AÜ`m`‘| H$hm h¡{H$ "‘¢ {ZJ©wU hÿ§ VWm Omo ‘oao gå~ÝYH$mo àmßV hmoVo h¢ do ^r {ZJ©wUhmo OmVo h¢'.''(dMZm.daVm.18&218).

""am‘mZwO ñdm‘rZo {Og àH$ma ja-Ajago nao nwéfmoÎm‘^JdmZ²H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m h¡, CZ nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$s Vmo h‘CnmgZm H$aVo h¢. Jmo{n`m|Ho$ g‘mZ CZ nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$s h‘^r ^pŠV H$aVo h ¢... `hr h‘mam A{^àm` VWm é{Mh¡.''(dMZm.bmo`m.14&122)

AV… `h Ho$db é{M Z hmo H$a A{^àm` ^r h¡. AV… BZ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|H$sBg {df`‘| BVZr Jm‹T> BVaoVag§dm{XVmH$s Cnojm ^r gå^d Zht. BgH$m O~AdbmoH$Z H$aVo h¢ Vmo Z Vmo gXmMmaì`dñWm Am¡a Z VÎdì`dñWm ‘| {H$grVahH$m {dg§dmX PbH$Vm {XIbm`r XoVm h¡. A~ BZHo$ Abmdm ^r Vrgao-Mm¡Wo`m AÝ` AZoH$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ dMZ gm‘Zo bm H$a BZ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|Ho$ nañnag§dmX~bgo{‘bVo VmËn ©H$m ^r AÝ`WmZ`Z H$aZm hr hmo Vmo dh Vmo ñdJmoð²>çoH$ CnXoí`Y‘© `m VÎd gå~ÝYr YmaUm H$hbm oJr. "doXmÝV' `m "d¡îUdY‘©' Zht.

(3.{ejmnÌrH$s VmËn`©{Z`m{‘H$m fS§>J‘r‘m§gm) lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢ ""{ejmnÌr Y‘© AWm©V² gXmMma{df`H$ J«ÝW

h¡ Eogm, J«ÝWHo$ Am{X‘| AÝV‘| Am¡a ‘Ü`‘| ~ma-~ma H$hm h¡''(`Wmnydm}pëbpIV).

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H$m¡Z Zht OmZVm {H$ {ejmnÌrHo$ (CnH«$‘mong§hmam¡) CnH«$‘ Am¡a Cng§hma XmoZm| hrlrOr ‘hmamOZo lrH¥$îUñVw{Vgo gånÝZ {H$`o h¢. (Aä`mg) g J«ÝW‘| {ZaÝVa(H$‘go H$‘ 35 ~ma) "lrH¥$îU' nXH$m nwZamdV©Z lrH¥$îUH$s hr EH$mÝV^pŠVHo$Aä`mgê$noU {H$`m J`m h¡. (Anyd©Vm) lram‘mZwOm`m}n{Xï> {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXHo$A“rH$manyd©H$ bú‘rZmam`Uê$n Am¡a amYmH¥$îUê$n ‘| A^oXÑ{ï> aIVo hþdoCnmñ`ê$nV`m lrH ¥ $ îUH$s ^pŠVH$m An yd © CnX oe Bg J « ÝWH$s{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXmZwgm[aUr lrH¥$îU‘mhmËå`naH$Vm {gÕ H$aVm h¡. AVEd ""öX oOrddX² Ordo `mo AÝV`m©{‘V`m pñWVmo ko`… ñdVÝÌ… B©emo Agm¡gd©H$‘©’$bàX… g… lrH¥$îU… na§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘… Cnmñ`… Bï>XodmoZ… gdm©{d^m©dH$maU‘². g amY`m wVmo ko mo amYmH¥$îU… B{V à w…, épŠ‘Ê`ma‘`monoVmo bú‘rZmam`U… g{h. ko mo AOw©ZoZ wŠVmo Agm¡ "ZaZmam`Um'{^Y…~b^Ðm{X`moJoZ VÎmÝZm‘m CÀ`Vo g{h'' ({ejmn.107-110) H$m[aH$mAm|‘|am‘mZwOr` VÎdÌ`mÝVJ©V B©ídaH$mo hr na§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU Am¡agdm©{d^m©dH$maU H$hm J`m h¡. AV… `h J«ÝW Ho$db gXmMmanaH$ Z hmo H$añd §H$mo A{^‘V VÎdà{VnmXH$ Ed§ Y‘©à{VnmXH$ gÀN>mñÌm|H$m gmaê$n CnXoenaH$J«ÝW h¡. Am¡a AVEd ‘r‘m§gH$s` Bg Anyd©VmHo$ {ZH$fna ^r Bg‘| Cn{Xï>VÎdñdê$nH$m ñdmW©‘| àm‘mÊ` AjwÊU hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. (ñVwË`W©dmX) VXwnamÝVlrH¥$îU^pŠVHo$ CnXoeH$ ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$s "gd©d¡îUdamO'V`m ñVw{V^r BgHo$ lrH¥$îU‘mhmËå`monXoenaH$ hmoZoH$m qS>{S>‘Kmof h¡. lr gm.lw.Or `hm§^r bwH$m{N>nr IobZm MmhVo hmoZogo AnZr ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo COmJa H$aVo hþdo Ho$db""dëb^mMm ©àmoŠV CËgd{dYmZH$m ñdrH$ma'' (nydm}pëbpIV) H$s ~mVH$a aho h¢. d¡go {ejmnÌrH$ma AnZo AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo Vmo ~‹S>r Xw…ñdßZmo‘Amkm `hm§ ""godmar{V… M H¥$îUñ` J«mh² m VXw{XV¡d {h'' ({ejmn.82)^manyd©H$ H$h aho h¢. AV… BgH$m gXmMa{df`H$ ^r Ho$db àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$ma|Vmo nw{ï>‘mJu` godmàUmbrHo$ {dnarV ‘ZJ‹T>§V godmàUmbr àñVwV H$aZodmbo BggåàXm`Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ‘pÝXam|H$mo AgXmMaUê$n AnamYH$m gmd©O{ZH$ àXe©Z‘mZZm n‹S>oJm {H$‘² AVmo@{YH§$ {MÌ‘² Bgr Vah ({ZÝXmW©dmX) ""H¥$îU^ŠVo… ñdY‘m©X²dm nVZ§ `ñ` dmŠ`V… ñ`mV², VÝ‘wImX² Z¡d lmì`m… H$WmdmVm©… M dmà^mo…... H¥$îUH¥$îUmdVmamUm§ IÊS>Z§ `Ì wpŠV{^… (`Wm gm.lw.AmXrZm§boIZofw) H¥$V§ ñ`mV² Vm{Z emñÌm{U Z ‘mÝ`m{Z H$XmMZ'' ({ejmn.25,29)

dMZm|Ûmam {ZÝXmW©dmX r Bg J«ÝW‘| Omo CnbãY hmoVm h¡ dh Am¡a lrH¥$îU‘mhmËå`Ho${dbmonH$m|H$s {ZÝXm ^r lrH¥$îU‘mhmËå`H$s hr AH$mQ²>çVm {gÕ H$aVr h¡. `hàñVwV J«ÝWHo$ VÎdmonXoenaH$ hmoZoH$m à‘mU h¡. AÝV‘| ‘r‘m§gH$s` N>Ç>m A§J(Cnn{Îm) ""doXm… M ì`mggyÌm{U lr‘X²^mJdVm{^Y§ nwamU§... VWmlr^JdX²JrVm... EVm{Z Aï> ‘‘ Bï>m{Z gÀN>mñÌm{U ^dpÝV {h.ñd{hVoÀNw>{^… EVm{Z ‘pÀN>î`¡… gH$b¡a{n lmoVì`m{Z AW nmR²>çm{ZH$WZr`m{Z M. VÌ AmMmaì`dö{V{ZîH¥$VmZm§ M {ZU©`o J«mh²`m{‘VmjamonoVm `mkdëŠ`ñ` Vw `m ñ‘¥{V…. lr‘X² mJdVñ` Efw ñH$ÝYm¡Xe‘nÄM‘m¡ gdm©{YH$V`m ko m¡ H¥$îU‘mhmËå`~wÕ o'' ({ejmn.93-98)BZ eãXm|‘| à‘mUmonn{Îm ^r CÝhm|Zo ñ’w$Q> H$a Xr h¡.

AV… {Og gXmMmanaH$ J«ÝW hmoZoH$m hoVw nwañH¥$V H$a lr gm.lw.Or Bg{ejmnÌrH$mo VÎdmW©{ZU© ‘| A{Z`m‘H$ {XIbm aho h¢ dh Vmo Zht {gÕ hmo nmVmh¡. Š`m|{H$ J«ÝWH$ma ñd § BZ AmR>m| gÀN>mñÌm|‘| lrH¥$îU‘mhmËå`Ho$ ~moYmW©lr‘X² mJdVHo$ n§M‘ Am¡a Xe‘ ñH$ÝYm|H$s gdm©{Vem`r ko VmH$m à{VnmXZH$a aho h¢. AV… VÎdì`dñWmHo$ ^r n[akmZmW© `hr gd©gÝXohdmaH$ emñÌ h¡.BgHo$ {dnarV AÝ` J«ÝWm|H$m Bggo Á oð> `m loð> àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maZm AgXmMmaAgXmbmn Am¡a AgÝ‘{V H$m à‘mU ~Z OmZm Mm{h o. AV… CÝh| Almì`AgÀN>mñÌ hr OmZZm Mm{h o. `h g~ ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrHo$ eãXm|go{gÕ hmo ahm h¡.

(4.Ñï>mÝVgÝX^©g‘rjm) lr gm.lw.Or ""`íMmo `mo… g‘mo Xmof… n[ahmaíM ``mo… g‘…'' Ý`m oZ

EH$ {dbjU wpŠVdmXHo$ à`moJÛmam ‘oao ‘yb AmboInÌ‘| CR>m o J o ‘wÔm|Ho$~mao‘| ‘oao ‘wI‘wÐUmW© g‘wÚV h¢. AVEd AnZo g‘mYmZnaH$ AmboInÌ‘|"Ñï>mÝVgÝX ©'Ho$ erf©H$Ho$ AÝVJ©V em§H$a am‘mZwO dmëb^ Am{X gåàXm`m|‘|^r g‘mZê$noU nydm©na YmaUmAm|‘| AZZwê$nVm ImoOZm MmhVo h¢.

‘oar AnZr g‘P Bg ~mao‘| Hw$N> Bg VahH$s h¡ {H$ na‘Jwé lrJm¡S>nmXmMm ©VWm CZHo$ à{eî` lre§H$amMm © Ho$ ~rM ImoOr OmVr Ag‘mZVm {H$ na‘JwéH$mogJwU-{ZJ©wU oXdmbo Xmo VahHo$ ~«÷ ‘mÝ` Zht Wo `m à{eî`Ûmam àñWm{nV

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{ddV©dmXHo$ ~Om` CÝh| Vmo AOm{VdmXH$s YmaUm hr A{^‘V h¡. d¡go VmoHo$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XAm|Zo ~hþV nhbo hr BgH$m g‘w{MV g‘mYmZ Xo aŠIm h¡ {H$""H¥$nUYr… n[aUm‘‘² CXrjVo j{nVH$ë‘fYrñVw {ddV©Vm§ pñWa‘{V… nwéf…nwZa² B©jVo ì`nJV{ÛVr § na‘§ nX‘²'' (g§jo.emar.2&89) {Ogo XoIZona {H$VZoN>moQ>ogo {VbH$m Vm‹S> ~Zm`m OmZm `hm§ gabVmgo g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$à{V^mg ì`dhma Am¡a na‘mW© ‘| à oX H$aZoH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AmYmana XmoZm| hrà{VnmXZe¡{b`m|H$m Ma‘ n ©dgmZ Vmo gd©{dY Û¡VHo$ nma‘m{W©H$ {ZfoY‘| hr’${bV hmo OmVm h¡.

{’$a^r AZwJm{‘Am| Ûmam JwédMZm|‘| AZwnbãY Eogr {H$gr YmaUm `mà{H«$`m H$s àñVw{V JwéJ«ÝWm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZV`m AWdm AnZo ñdVÝÌ J«ÝWm|‘|{Z`VV`m {ZOJwéH$s A{^‘{Vgo {dnarV‘{V Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡. ""gyÌmWm}dÊ ©Vo Ì nX¡… gyÌmZwgm[a{^… ñdnXm{Z M dÊ ©ÝVo mî § mî`{dXmo {dXw…''AmXe©Ho$ AZwgma Bgo Vmo ^mî`H$maH$m {deofm{YH$ma hr ‘mZm J`m h¡.

BgHo$ {dnarV naÝVw ""CŠVmZwŠVXwéŠVmZm§ {MÝVm `Ì àdV©Vo V§ J«ÝW§"dm{V©H§$' àmhþ…'' Zr{VH$mo AnZm H$a boIZ‘| àd¥Îm hmoZodmbo dm{V©H$H$ma~hþYm gyÌH$maHo$ à{V AnZo öX`‘| {ZíN>b AmXa^md aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX CÝh|na~«÷ gd©H$maUH$maUê$n gd©k na‘oída ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ê$n‘| ^OZoH$mCËgmhm{VaoH$ `m lÕm{VaoH$ àX{e©V Zht H$aVo. {’$a^r ^mî`H$maH$s Vah hrdm{V©H$H$ma ^r gyÌJ«ÝWH$mo EH$ d¥jH$s Vah hr {dH${gV H$aZoH$s à{H«$`mgånÝZ H$aZodmbo {MÝVH$ Vmo ‘mZo OmVo h¢. O¡gr à{H«$`m Ûmam dm{V©H$H$ma gm¡ÌrYmaUmAm|H$mo nëb{dV nwpînV `m ’${bV H$aVo h¢, dh gyÌmon{Xï> nXmW©H$m AnZoCŠVmonn{Îmê$n qgMZ Ûmam {H$ o J o {dH$mgHo$ ê$n‘| g‘mÑV hmoVm h¡. d¡go hrAZwŠV{MÝVZH$s ImX S>mb H$a dm{V©H$H$ma Cgo nmo{fV ^r H$aVo hr h¢. gmWhr gmW Ohm§ CÝh| gyÌm|‘| à{Vnm{XV nXmW©{deofê$nr H$moB© emIm g‘J« gyÌà{VnmÚ{gÕmÝVd¥jHo$ {hVHo$ {dnarV OmZodmbm XyamohU `m XwéŠV O¡gm bJVm h¡, V~Cg XwéŠVH$s H$b‘ H$mQ> H$a ^r d¥jH$s Am wî`H$mo do d¥qÕJV H$aVo hr h¢.H$moB© dm{V©H$ma, naÝVw, {Og y{‘na H$moB© d¥j CJm hmo Cgo y{‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`JmZH$aHo$ d¥jmoÀN>oXZ H$aVm hþdm H$^r XoIm Zht J`m

`h Vmo ghO hr g‘P‘| AmZodmbr ~mV h¡ {H$ O~ {H$gr CÚmZHo$aIdmboH$mo Eogo {H$gr d¥jHo$ àamohH$s ^r{V gVmVr hmo V~ Cg d¥j{deofHo$CÀN>oXZH$s ^r Cn`mo{JVmH$m ^r Cgo A{YH$ma hmoVm hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|,naÝVw, Xmï>m©ÝV‘| dm{V©H$ {bIZoHo$ ~Om` IÊS>ZmË‘H$ dmXJ«ÝW {bI XoZoH$sar{V hr A^rï> ‘mZr OmVr h¡!

ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` Xme©{ZH$ {gÕmÝV Am¡a Y‘©gmYZm Ho$ Am¡ÎmaH$m{bH$ñdê$n‘| Z Vmo ^mî`e¡br AnZm`r J`r Ñ{ï>JV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z dm{V©H$e¡br hr.AnZo gåàXm`àdV©H$ AmMm ©H$mo na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm‘ gd©k Am¡a gd©g‘W© hmoZoHo$qghmgZna nYam XoZoHo$ ~mX Omo ^r CÝhm|Zo {ZOH$ÊR>go {dYmZ `m {ZfoY {H$ oCZgo gd©Wm {dnarV hr (AZwŠV Zht àË wV {ZOmMm`m}pŠVH$mo XwéŠVH$s H$mo{Q>‘|nXmdZ{V H$a XoZodmbr) à{H«$`m `hm§ AnZm`r J`r hmo, Eogm ñnï> Ñ{ï>JmoMahmoVm h¡

am‘mZwOr` doXmÝV Am¡a dmëb^ doXmÝV Ho$ ~mao‘| lr gm.lw.OrHo$ AdbmoH$Zm|Ho$~mao‘| ^r ‘¢ `hr ~mV XmohamZm Mmhÿ§Jm. Š`m|{H$ am‘mZwOr` gåàXm`H$s Xme©{ZH$`m Ym{‘©H$ YmaUmAm|‘| nydm©na‘| AZwŠVH$s A§JrH¥${Vdmbr AZZwê$nVm hr lrgm.lw.Or {XIm nm o h¢. nydm©Mm`m}pŠV `m nyd©J«ÝWmopŠV H$mo XwéŠV‘| n ©d{gVH$a XoZodmbr AZZwê$nVm do {XIm Zht nm o. ‘wPo O~{H$ AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`{gÕmÝV Am¡a gmYZm Ho$ ~mao‘| gmoMZona Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ o ‘ybJ«ÝWm|‘|AZwŠVgo H$ht AmJo ~‹T> H$a ‘ybJ«ÝWm|H$mo XwépŠV‘| n ©{gV H$aZodmbr YmaUm |h¢. ‘wPo AV… AnZr {OkmgmH$m gÝVmofàX g‘mYmZ lr gm.lw.OrHo$ ñnï>rH$aUÛmam {‘b Zht nm`m.

doXMVwï>`rH$s g§{hVmAm|‘| "~«÷'nX na‘ VÎdHo$ dmMH$V`m à wŠV hþdm hmo`m Zht; naÝVw, CZ g§{hVmAm|‘| CnbãY hmoVo BÝÐ `m àOmn{V gÑe na‘oídaHo$O¡go ê$n, O¡go JwUY‘©; AWdm O¡go {H«$`mH$bmn {Zê${nV hþdo h¢, CZgo {dnarVCn{ZfXm|‘| ~«÷H$m à{VnmXZ Zht hþdm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ""BÝЧ {‘̧ déU‘² Ap½Z‘²Amhþ… AWmo {Xì`… g gwnUm} JéË‘mZ² EH§$ gX² {dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV Ap½Z§`‘§ ‘mV[aídmZ‘² Amhþ…'' (F$Šg§{h.2&3&22&46) {H$gr EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎdH$m

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g§Ho$V g§{hVm‘| {‘b hr ahm h¡. AVEd {ZéŠVH$ma ^r H$hVo h¢ ""‘hm^m½`mX²XodVm`m… EH$… AmË‘m ~hþYm ñVy Vo. EH$ñ` AmË‘Zmo AÝ o Xodm… àË`“m{Z^dpÝV. A{nM gÎdmZm§ àH¥${V^y{‘{^… F$f`… ñVwdpÝV B{V Amhþ….àH¥${Vgmd©ZmåÝ`mV² M'' ({Zé.{ZK.7&4&5). Bgr H$maUgo gd©Xodm|Ho$ VWmZm‘-ê$n-H$‘©^oXgo àH$Q> hmoZodmbo {ZpIb gX²Ðì`m|Ho$ àH¥${Vê$n ~«÷H$mdoXmÝVê$n Cn{ZfX²‘| ^r ~«÷V`m {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡. Bgr EH$‘odm{ÛVr`~«÷H$s AZoH${dY Am{Y^m¡{VH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ `m Am{YX¡{dH$ A{^ì`pŠVAm|Ho${Zê$nH$ B{Vhmg-nwamU EH$m`Z Xod{dÚm `m ~«÷{dÚm O¡go emñÌm|H$m CëboICn{ZfX²‘| ^r ""F$½doX§ ^Jdmo AÜ o{‘ `Owd}X§ gm‘doX‘² AmWd©U§ MVwW©‘²B{VhmgnwamU§ nÄM‘§ doXmZm§ doX§... EH$m`Z§ Xod{dÚm§ ~«÷{dÚm§...''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&1&2) {‘bVm hr h¡. Cn{ZfXm|‘| AZwn{Xï> VÎd `m A{d{hVH$V©ì` BZ {d{dY emñÌm|‘| {‘bVo hmoZona ^r ‘hm^maV, ^JdX²JrVm, ~«÷gyÌ,nwamUm| `m e¡d/d¡îUd VÝÌm|Ho$ X{jUmJ‘m|‘| ^r Cn{ZfX²{déÕ H$moB© VÎd `mH$V©ì` Cn{Xï> hþdm Zht h¡. CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ AVEd Cn{ZfX²dmŠ`mWm]H$s‘r‘m§gmHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> ~mXam`Ur` gyÌ‘| ~«÷H$mo "lw{V`mo{ZËdmV²' H$hZoHo$~Om` "emñÌ`mo{ZËdmV²' (~«.gy.1&1&3) hr H$hm J`m h¡.

AV… BZ emñÌm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V "B{Vhmg-nwamU' m "EH$m`Z' AWdm "Xod{dÚm-~«÷{dÚm' nXm|Ûmam A{^àoV H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgo emñÌ h¢, Bg ~ma‘| {d{^ÝZ mî`H$mam|‘|‘V oX gå^d h¡. naÝVw g^r BVZm Vmo ‘mZ H$a hr Mbo h¢ {H$ doXemñÌAZoH${dY {dÚmñWmZm|go Cn~¥§hUr` h¡ (Ñï>. : ~«.gy.em.^m.1&1&3). lr‘ÜdmMm ©Vmo ""F$½`Owñgm‘mWdm©íM ^maV§ nÄMamÌH§$ ‘yb§ am‘m`U§ M¡d "emñÌ‘²'B{V A{^Yr`Vo. ÀM AZwHy$b‘² EVñ` VÀM emņ̃ àH$s{V©V‘². AVmo AÝ`moJ«ÝW{dñVmamo Z¡d emņ̃ Hw$dË‘© VV²'' (~«.gy.‘m.^m.1&1&3) Eogm ñH$ÝXnwamUr`dMZ ^r "emñÌ'nXH$s AW©ì`mpßV {XIbmZoH$mo XoVo h¢. `m| gd©{eï>OZm| `mAmßVOZm| Ûmam ‘mÝ` BZ emñÌm|Ho$ A{^àm`m|Ho$ BVaoVa-g‘pÝdV A{^àm`goA{déÕ hr H$moB© AlwVnyd© nXmW© ^r ‘mÝ` hmo gH$Vm h¡. {déÕ Vmo, naÝVw, Hw$N>^r ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nmVm, {H$gr ‘VH$mo "doXmÝV'nXdmÀ` ~ZZm hmo Vmo (Ñï>. :{eï>mn[aJ«hm{YH$aU ~«.gy.2&1&4). EH$ ‘VH$mo ‘mÝ` {H$gr ~mVH$mo Xygam H$moB©A‘mÝ` Kmo{fV H$ao Vmo àW‘ ‘VHo${b o `h Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ dh

Xagm`o {H$ CgH$s ~mV H¡$go BZ emñÌm|Ho$ g‘pÝdV àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AmYmanaà‘m{UV hmoVr h¡. doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm`m|‘| `hr {dMmaar{V ñdrH$mar J`r h¡.AV… Bg {df`‘| Ny>Q>N>mQ> ñdm{‘Zmam`U‘VH$mo {‘b Zht gH$Vr, `{X Cgoñd §Ho$ doXmÝV hmoZoH$m Xmdm AmJo aIZm hmo Vmo.

Bg gÝX ©‘| `h AdYo hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ emñÌm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr EH$emñÌ‘| CŠVH$m à{VnmXZ `m nwZamdV©Z hr `{X Ana emñÌ‘| ^r {‘bZmA{Zdm © {ZH$f hmoVm Vmo AZ{YJVmWm©{YJ‘H$Ëdê$n àm‘mÊ` hr CgH$m {gÕhr Zht hmo nm oJm. AV… {eï>mÑV {H$gr EH$ emñÌ‘| AZwŠV {H$gr nXmW©H$mAna {eï>mÑVemñÌmoŠV nXmW©Ho$ gmW g‘Ýd` H$a {XImZoHo$ d¡Mm[aH$ à`mg‘|AÝV{d©amoY ImoOZm AnZr {eï>mÑV naånamH$m AkmZ h¡. AV… Bg VahH$sCnn{Îm/AZwnn{ÎmAm|H$mo àñVwV H$a lr gm.lw.Or àñVwV MMm©H$mo H¡$gm ‘mo‹S> XoZmMmhVo h¢ `h ñnï> Zht hmo nmVm. Š`m|{H$ emñÌ `m AmJ‘ Vmo O¡Z-~m¡Õ Am{XHo$^r h¢ hr. BZ {d{^ÝZ Y‘©-gåàXm`m|‘| ‘mÝ` BZ ~mh² mJ‘m| Am¡a Amf©emñÌm| Ho$~rM {d^mOH$aoIm A{dpÀN>ÝZnaånamH$m gmVË` hr ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

AVEd d¡{XH$ naånam‘| ‘mÝ` emñÌm|‘| AdVmaV`m {Zê${nV F$f^Xod `m^JdmZ² ~wÕ H$mo AdVmaV`m ‘mÝ` aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX BZHo$ CnXoe {eï>mÑVemñÌdMZm|go {déÕ OmVo hmoZoHo$ H$maU à‘mUV`m ‘mÝ` Zht {H$ o J o h¢. Bgnaånamgo ~{h y©V AmJ‘ BÝht emñÌm|‘| Cn{Xï> VÎd AWdm H$‘© H$m hr CnXoe`{X H$aVo hm| Vmo, CXmhaUV`m {d{dY Xodê$nm|H$m, `m emara AmË‘mH$m, CgHo$‘mojH$m; AWdm ‘wŠË`W© A^rï> gmYZmAm|H$m, Vmo CÝh| ñd § AnZo nmaån[aH$emñÌm|go A{YJV AW©Ho$ hr kmnH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU VËà{VnmÚËdoZ àm‘m{UH$ Zht‘mZm Om gH$Vm. Eogr pñW{V‘| ñdm{‘Zmam`UnÝW {X A{dpÀN>ÝZgåàXm`naånamgoH$Q> H$a lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$s nwéfmoÎm‘VmHo$ XmdoH$mo àñVwV H$aZm MmhVm hmoVmo CgHo$ {gÕmÝVH$mo "doXmÝV' H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?

‘mZ bmo {H$ `{X H$moB© npíM‘r `hÿXr B©gmB `m Bñbm‘r {MÝVH$ ñd §Ho$~mao‘| VÎdnÄMH$mÝVJ©V nwéfmoÎm‘ hmoZoHo$ XmdoHo$ gmW AnZo AmYrZ Ad{eï>Mma VÎd ~«÷ B©e Ord Am¡a ‘m`m O¡go nXm|Ho$ dhm§H$s {H$gr mfm‘| n`m© dmMH$

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nXm|Ho$ Ûmam AnZo ahñ`J«ÝWê$n dMZm‘¥Vm|‘| {Zê$nU H$aVm hmo Vmo Cgo"ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` doXmÝV' ‘mZZm {H$ Zht? `{X "hm§' Vmo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$mEH$mH$s nyU©nwéfmoÎm‘Ëd {ZañV hmo Om oJm Am¡a `{X "Zm' Vmo CgHo$ AñdrH$mamW©Omo hoVw CnñWm{nV {H$ o Om |Jo do lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rna ^r bmJy hm|Jo hr.

BZ àíZm|‘| CbPr g‘ñ`mH$s Jå^raVmHo$ {H$gr VahHo$ g‘mH$bZHo$ {~ZmYm§Ybr H$aZona O¡go nhbo r EH$ ~ma ""Is "Akshar' an unsolved riddle?''

AmboInÌ‘| {dÛmZ² boIH$Zo ^r ""The same Aksharbrahmansimultaniously express itself in personl and impersonal aspects.This is stated in shrutis and puranas:... """ wd…' B{V Ûo ~mhÿ Ûo EVoAjao'' (~¥h.Cn.5&5&3), ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no ‘yVª M A‘¥V§ M''(~¥h.Cn.2&3&11), """K¥{U…' B{V Ûo Ajao'' (Z¥qg.ny.Vm.Cn.4&2) . Allthese shruti statemednts speak of (a)Aksharbrahaman as personali.e. the form of Aksharbrahaman with qualities...'' (BµO² "Aja' EZ²AÝgm°ëìS> [aS>b²? n¥.135) Eogm hmñ`mñnX lm¡V à‘mU àñVwV H$a {X`mŠ`m|{H$ àW‘ dMZ‘| 1=" w' + 2="d…' O¡go Xmo Ajam|H$m {Zê$nU h¡ Z{H$Ym‘ê$n Am¡a ‘yV©ê$n Xmo Ajam|H$m. {ÛVr` dMZ‘| O¡go ~«÷Ho$ ‘yVm©‘yV Xmo ê$nà{Vnm{XV {H$`o h¢ d¡go hr "‘Ë`m©‘¥V' ê$n ^r d{U©V hþdo h¢ BZ‘| dm`w-AÝV[ajgo {^ÝZH$mo ‘yV© ‘mZm h¡ Am¡a dm w-AÝV[ajH$mo A‘yV© ‘mZm h¡. EogrpñW{V‘| A‘yV© AjaYm‘ ‘m`màH¥${VOÝ` ^m¡{VH$ dm`w-AÝV[ajê$n {gÕhmoJm Am¡a ‘yVm©ja n¥Ïdr-Ob-VoOmoê$n ‘m{`H$ hr {gÕ hmoJm, ‘m`mVrV Zht.Z¥qghnyd©VmnZr`mon{ZfX²Ho$ A{dH$b dMZ‘| Vmo """K¥{U…' B{V Ûo Ajao, "gy ©…'B{V Ìr{U, "Am{XË`…' B{V Ìr{U'' nmR> {‘bVm h¡ Vmo g~ {‘bm H$a AmR>Aja~«÷ {gÕ hm|Jo {H$‘míM ©‘² AV… na‘² AV… Egr Ym§Ybr Z H$s Om o VmoEH$ AÀN>r ~mV hmoJr. AV… doXmÝVemñÌr` à‘o `m gmYZm H$m {eï>mÑVemñÌm|Ho$ AmYmana à{VnmXZ hr C{MV hmoVm h¡ Z{H$ gmåàXm{`H$ ahñ`J«ÝWm|Ho$AmYmana. AñVw.

AVEd ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r ^r AYmo{Z{X©ï> dMZm|‘|-

""lr‘ÝZmam`Uñ‘¥Ë`m g{hVm… (H$)emñÌgå‘Vm…... doXmZm§M Z H$V©ì`m {ZÝXm lì`m ZM Šd{MV²''(21) (I)""dUm©l‘Y‘m}`… g hmVì`m o Z Ho $Z{MV². naY‘m } ZM AmM`m} ZMnmIÊS>H$pënV…''(24) (J)""g§ñH$mam… M AmpôZH§$ H$m ª ñd-ñdJ¥h²`mZwgmaoU H$V©ì`§'' (91) "(K)"doXmíM ì`mggyÌm{Ulr‘X² mJdVm{^Y§ nwamU§ ^maVoVw lr{dîUmo… Zm‘ghòH§$ VWmlr^JdX²JrVm Zr{V… M {dXwamo{XVm lrdmgwXod‘mhmËå`§ñH$mÝXd¡îUdIÊS>J‘². (L>)Y‘©emñÌmÝV©JVm M `mkdëŠ`F$fo…ñ‘¥{V… EVm{Z Aï> ‘‘ Bï>m{Z gÀN>mñÌm{U ^dpÝV {h'' (93-95) (M)""emaraH$mUm§ ^JdX²JrVm`m… M AdJå`Vm§ am‘mZwOH¥$V§^mî`‘² AmÜ`mpË‘H§$ ‘‘''(100) ""‘V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ ‘o'' (121)(N>)""gÀN>mñÌmUm§ g‘wÕ¥Ë` gd}fm§ gma‘² AmË‘Zm nÌr § {bpIVmZ¦Um‘² A^rï>’$bXm{`Zr''(204).({ejmnÌr).

`hm§ {eï>mÑV emñÌm|H$mo ‘mÝ` H$aZm MmhVo h¢. O¡gm{H$ (H$)A§e‘| àñVwV{ejmnÌrH$m àU`Z {eï>mÑV gH$bemñÌm|H$mo gå‘V gZmVZ Y‘©Ho$ CnXoemW©h¡ Z{H$ Xoe‘| Cg g‘` àM{bV gåàXm`m|H$s AZwJm‘r OZVmH$mo AnZo gåàXm`H$sAmoa ItMZoH$mo {H$`m OmVm N>Ù, `h J«ÝWmonH«$‘‘| hr J«ÝWH$maZo ñnï> H$a {X`mh¡. (I)A§e‘| CZ {eï>mÑV emñÌm|‘| {Zê${nV Y‘©go {dnarV Omo Hw$N> hmo Cgo"nmfÊS>' H$h H$a Cgr ~mVna A{YH$ ^ma S>mbm J`m h¡. (J)A§e‘| {ejmnÌrHo$AmYma^yV AmR> emñÌm |go A{V[aŠV AÝ` ^r {eîQ>mÑV emñÌm |H$sì`dhma{Z`m‘H$Vm Xagm`r h¡. (K)A§e‘| `h {ejmnÌr Ho$db gXmMmanaH$emñÌmoŠV Y‘m}Ho$ CnXoemW© àd¥Îm J«ÝW Z hmo H$a VÎdmonXoenaH$ emñÌmoŠVVÎdm|Ho$ CnXoemW© ^r àd¥Îm J«ÝW h¡ `h Xagm {X`m J`m h¡. (L>)A§e gXmMmanaH$emñÌm|na AmYm[aV H$V©ì`m|Ho$ CnXoemW© ^r h¡ `h Xagm`m. (M)A§e BZ àmMrZemñÌm|go grYo ñd § Ow‹S> OmZoHo$ ~Om` A{dpÀN>ÝZ ~mXam`UgyÌ Am¡a JdX²JrVmna Adbpå~V hmoZodmbo am‘mZwOgåàXm`H$s naånamgo AnZm gå~ÝY ñdrH$maH$a VXr` J«ÝW Am¡a VXwŠV {gÕmÝV XmoZm|Ho$ à{V AnZr {Zð>m Xagm`r h¡. (N>)A§eCng§hma‘| ^r CnH«$‘moŠV ~mVm|H$s hr nwZamd¥{Îm H$s J`r h¡.

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`m| nwZ…nwZ… ^manyd©H$ CpëbpIV d¡{XH$ F${f`m|H$s A{dpÀN>ÝZ naånam‘|g‘mÑV emñÌm|Ho$ hr gmW AnZo gå~ÝYH$m {ZX}e lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOr H$aaho h¢. `h Vmo R>rH$ hr h¡ {H$ CnXoeH$mb‘| `m {d{d{XfmdñWm‘| lrghOmZÝXñdm‘r AnZoH$mo ‘mÝ` AmR> emñÌ hr gH$b emñÌm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V àmYmÝ`oZAdbå~Zr` ‘mZ H$a Mbo h¢. Š`m|{H$ {ejmnÌrê$n J«ÝW BZ emñÌm|Ho$ gmaê$noUCÝhm|Zo ñd § g§H${bV {H$`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ ñd § Bg J«ÝWHo$ AmÝV[aH$ gmú`Ho$AmYmana ^r Aï>~{h ©yV "ñd-ñdJ¥h² gyÌ'H$m àm‘mÊ` ^r CÝh| gd©Wm A{^‘VVmo {gÕ hmoVm hr h¡. Bg {ZH$fH$mo ^br^m§{V `m Vmo öX`JV Z H$a nmZoHo$ H$maUAWdm {H$gr VahH$s Hw$N> d¡Mm[aH$ CbPZHo$ H$maU lr gm.lw.OrHo$ g‘mYmZ‘|ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` Xe©Z{gÕmÝV Am¡a Y‘©gmYZm Ho$ ~rM Xe©Z{gÕmÝVHo$ ~moYmW©{ejmnÌrH$s Jm¡UVm {XIbm`r J`r h¡.

dñVwV… VWmH${WV àñWmZMVwï>`H$m EH$ ~d§S>a gm Omo AmYw{ZH$ boIH$m|ZodoXmÝVHo$ AmYma yV emñÌm|Ho$ ~mao‘| CR>m aIm h¡, CgHo$ ~mao‘| `h H$WZr` h¡{H$ VWmH${WV doXm{X àñWmZMVwï>`r‘| {OZ ñdoVa emñÌm|H$mo à‘mUV`m ‘mÝ`{H$`m J`m h¡, CZHo$ A{damoY `m g‘Ýd` Ho$ {~Zm àñWmZMVwï>`rH$m àm‘mÊ`^r AjwÊU Zht ah nmVm AV… Eogr {dMmaar{V Ý`m`{gÕmÄOZH$ma lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Ho$ eãXm|‘| Hw$N> H$hZm Mmh| Vmo ""AlwV{gÕmÝVñ` nwñVH${ZarjUmX²A § Xmof…'' H$hZm hr C{MV hmoJm.

ahr ~mV ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$s ñd §H$s doXmÝVì`m»`m Am¡a ñd §H$mogwhmVr gmYZmàUmbr VWm Hw$bnaånamJV lr{dîUwñdm‘rH$s doXmÝVYmaUm Am¡agmYZmàUmbr Ho$ ~rM aho à oXHo$ ‘wÔoH$s. lr gm.lw.OrZo ñd § ‘hmà wHo$ dMZ,CZHo$ AmYma yV CnOrì` lr^mJdVnwamU, CZHo$ nadVu ì`m»`mH$mam|Ho$ {dYmZAm¡a gd©Xe©Z‘|go ^r dMZm| H$mo CÕ¥V H$a lr{dîUwñdm{‘‘V Am¡a dmëb^‘VHo$ ~rM nañna AÝV{d©amoY gm {XIbmZoH$s Moï>m H$s h¡-

""BVZo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ^oXHo$ ahZona"{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwd{V©Ëd'H$m Š`m AW© H$aZm Mm{h`o? Š`mdëb^ñdm‘r AnZo nyd©dVu AmMm`©go {déÕ AWdm {^ÝZ

{dMma aIVo Wo? AWdm {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwd{V©Ëd hr µJbV h¡?{MÝVH$m|H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU Ûmam ñdßZ‘|"{gÕmÝVahñ`' H$m kmZ hmoZona hr ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUHo$ à{VAZÝ`Vm AWdm ewÕmÛ¡V‘mJ© H$m àmaå^ hþdm. BgHo$ nhbo{dîUwñdm‘rHo$ {gÕmÝV hr gåàXm`‘| ‘mÝ` Wo''(g‘m.nÌ.2.3dëb^‘V).

gd©àW‘ Vmo {OZ {MÝVH$m|H$s ~mV lr gm.lw.Or H$a aho h¢, CÝhm|Zo ‘hmà wlrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ‘VHo$ ~mao‘| Amam‘Hw$guna ~¡R> H$a AnZm ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ{H$`m h¡ `m ‘hmà wHo$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ Jå^ra Am¡a {deX AdJmhZHo$ ê$n‘| {MÝVZ{H$`m h¡, Bgo OmZZoH$s Z Vmo ‘wPo H$moB© CËH$ÊR>m h¡ Am¡a Z ‘oao nmg H$moB©AmYmaàX gyMZm hr. {’$a^r BVZm Adí` H$h gH$Vm hÿ§ {H$ ñd § ‘hmà wZo Eogo{H$gr ñdßZH$s ~mV H$ht H$hr Zht h¡. gmåàXm{`H$ B{VhmgJ«ÝWm|‘| ^r H$htEogr {H$gr ~mVH$m H$moB© CëboI {‘bVm Zht h¡. ñd § ‘hmà wH$s H$ÊR>mopŠVOmZZr hmo Vmo ""lmdUñ`m‘bo njo EH$mXí`m§ ‘hm{Z{e gmjmX² ^JdVmàmoŠV§ VXjae… CÀ`Vo'' ({gÕm.ah.1) dMZ {‘bVm h¡. Eo{Vh²`J«ÝWm|Ho$AmYmana EH$mXerH$mo ‘hmà wHo$ am{ÌOmJaUHo$ {Z`‘Ho$ H$maU "‘hm{Z{e'nXH$m^r AW© ñdßZ Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm h¡. AV… `h Vmo {Zar Jßn hr bJVr h¡.

`h KQ>Zm ^r AmnHo$ Vrg df©H$s Am w‘| K{Q>V hþ r Eogm B{VhmgJ«ÝWm|Ho$AmYmana {gÕ hmoVm h¡. O~{H$ AmnH$m ewÕmÛ¡VdmXmZwgmar {MÝVZ Vmo Bggo~hþV nyd© àH$Q> hmo hr MwH$m Wm. AV… A~ Û¡VdmX `m AÛ¡VdmX Ho$ ‘V oXHo$~mao‘| ^r Hw$N> AdYo hmo OmVm h¡. ñd § ‘hmà wZo Ohm§ lr{dîUwñdm‘rHo$ ‘VH$mo"Vm‘g' H$hm h¡ Am¡a AnZo ‘VH$mo "{ZJ©wU', dhm§ dh Z Vmo lr{dîUwñdm‘rHo$‘VH$s {ZÝXmHo$ {b o H$hm h¡ Am¡a Z dh lr{dîUwñdm‘rHo$ ‘VHo${b o ñd §H$sAñdrH¥${V XagmZoHo$ A{^àm`de H$hm h¡. {OZ d«O^ŠVm|H$mo AmnZo AnZr^pŠVHo$ {b o Jwê$n‘ ‘mZm CÝh| ^r "Vm‘gbrbmHo$ ^ŠV' hr H$hm h¡.

ahr ~mV XmoZm| Ñ{ï>H$moUm|Ho$ ~rM aho oXH$s Vmo CgHo$ ~mao‘| ^r ‘hmà wZoñd`§ hr Cgr ñWbna AnZm `h CX²Jma ^r àH$Q> {H$`m h¡ {H$ ""^oX…

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nma‘m{W©H$… B{V emņ̃ nwañH¥$Ë` {Ì{dYmo pŠV`moJ… CŠV… (^JdVm mJdVEd)...V‘moaOñgÎd¡… {^ÝZmo, Añ‘Ëà{Vnm{XV… M Z¡Jw©Ê`…. Ed§ MVw{d©Ymo@{n^JdVm à{Vnm{XV…'' (gw~mo.3&32&37). AV… ybZm Zht Mm{h o {H$ Bg{dYmZ‘| "M'H$ma MVwW© ‘Vn[aJUZmHo$ nyaUmW© h¡ Z{H$ BVa‘Vm|H$s {ZOm{^àoVVmHo$dmaUmW©. Š`m|{H$ ‘hmà wHo$ ^r ‘V‘| BVa ‘VÌ`rH$s Vah oX Anma‘m{W©H$ ZhtàË wV nma‘m{W©H$ hr ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… Bg A§e‘| CZHo$ gmW d¡‘Ë` hmo ZhtgH$Vm h¡. hm§, ^JdmZ²Ho$ gd© dZgm‘Ï © Am¡a gË`g§H$ëngm‘Ï © Ho$ de dhnma‘m{W©H$ oX ‘hmà wH$mo H¥${Ì‘ bJVm h¡, ñdm^m{dH$ Zht. AV… ñdm^m{dH$Am¡a nma‘m{W©H$ H$m à oX H$^r ybZm Zht Mm{h o. oXH$mo ñdm^m{dH$ ‘mZZo‘|BVa ‘Vm|Ho$ gmW d¡‘Ë` Adí` h¡ na nma‘m{W©H$ ‘mZZo‘| Zht, `h gmdYmZV`mAdYo h¡, `{X ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VH$mo ^br^m§{V ~w{ÕJV H$aZm hmo Vmo. AVEd""`{X ~«÷ VmdÝ‘m̧ ^doV² VXm A § Xmof…. VV² nwZ… OrdmX² OJV… MA{YH$‘². Hw$Vmo? oX{ZX}emV²'' (AUw m.2&1&22) Bg {dYmZ‘| ‘hmà wZo~o{PPH$ nma‘m{W©H$ oXH$mo ñdrH$mam hr h¡. Ohm§ VH$ A{YH$aUg§J«hH$maHo$CÕ¥V dMZHo$ A{^àm`H$s ~mV h¡ Vmo dh ^r `h Zht H$h aho h¢ {H$ BZ VrZm|Ho$gmW ‘hmà wH$m Bg {df`‘| {H$gr VahH$m {damoY h¡. Š`m|{H$ dmëb^ gåàXm`‘|Eogm H$moB© H$hZm ^r Mmho Vmo ñd § CgH$m hr dMZ Aà‘mU hmo Om oJm,‘hmà wH$s Bg ñnï> ñdrH$mamopŠVHo$ MbVo. AV… A{YH$aUg§J«hH$ma Vmo `hrH$hVo go àVrV hmoVo h¢ {H$ lr{dîUwñdm‘r à ¥{V AmMm`m]Ho$ AZwgma goì`godH$^md,O‹S>OrdmË‘H$g¥{ï>-VXwnmXmZ yV~«÷ Am¡a BZHo$ ~rM A oXH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbrlw{V‘| nañna {damoY àH$Q> hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ Cg {XIbm`r XoVo {damoYH$mCne‘Z ‘hmà wZo AnZo {ZJw©U‘VHo$ AmYmana H$a {XIm`m h¡. AV… nma‘m{W©H$oXH$mo AH¥${Ì‘ ñdm^m{dH$ ‘mZZm Am¡a Cgo AmË‘brbmW© àH$Q> H¥${Ì‘ ‘mZZm,o Xmo {d{^ÝZ ~mV| h¢. Z Vmo oXH$mo nma‘m{W©H$ ‘mZZogo dh AH¥${Ì‘ ~Z OmVm

h¡ Am¡a Z H¥${Ì‘ ‘mZ boZogo dh Anma‘m{W©H$ hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. BZ XmoZm|YmaUmAm|Ho$ ~rM ahr gyú‘aoIm Z g‘PZoHo$ H$maU hr `hm§ `h AH$mÊS>VmÊS>dàH$Q> hþdm h¡

BgHo$ ~mX {dMmaUr` ~ZVr h¡ lr{dîUwñdm‘rHo$ lrZ¥qghmonmgH$ hmoZoH$sAm¡a ‘hmà wHo$ lrH¥$îUmonmgH$ hmoZoH$s H$Wm. Bg {df`‘| ^r `h ^br^m§{Vg‘P aIZm Mm{h o {H$ nw{ï>‘mJ©‘| ‘hmà wHo$ H$mbgo AÚmd{Y JdmZ² lrZ¥qghH$sCnmgZm g^r AmMm ©d§eOm|Ho$ J¥h‘| lrH¥$îUH$s ^pŠV^mdmonoV godmHo$ AÝVJ©V

hr AZw{ð>V hmoVr Am`r h¡. lrH¥$îUHo$ Mma nw{ï>-AdVmam|‘| lrZ¥qgh lrdm‘Zlram‘ Am¡a lr~bam‘ H$mo ‘mZm hr J`m h¡. àYmZnrR>‘| {~amO‘mZ ^JdmZ²lrZmWOrHo$ {dJ«hH$s nr{R>H$m‘| doXm{XemñÌê$n eof(=~bam‘) lrZmW{dJ«hH$sgH$bemñÌà{VnmÚVmHo$ ÚmoVZmW© h¡. Bgr Vah lrZmW{dJ«hH$s jamjamVrVmHo$ÚmoVZmW© Z¥qghmH¥${V CËH$sU© h¡. Bgr Vah ñd § dmë‘r{H$am‘m`UH$m r àm‘mÊ`,VWmH${WV àñWmZMVwï>`go ~{h^y©V hmoZona ^r, lr‘X²^mJdVH$s Vahg‘m{Y^mfmê$noU hr ‘hmà w ñdrH$maVo h¢ : ""Añ` ì`mgmo {dñVma… nyd©‘²AZoH¡$… CŠV…. gmåàV§ dmë‘r{H$… g‘mYm¡ Cnbä` gd©‘² CŠVdmZ². AV…gwVam§ BXmZrÝVZ§ à‘mU‘²'' (Ñï>. : V.Xr.{Z.à.2&81).

lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢-

""bo{H$Z ^mJdVHo$ g^r eãX g‘mZê$ngo CnmXo` h¢,Eogm H$h gH$Vo h¢? Eogm H$h|Jo Vmo lrH¥$îUH$mo H¥$îUHo$eH$hZodmbm gÝX^©... H$bmdVma H$hZodmbm gÝX^©jragmJadmgr {dîUwHo$ AdVma H$hZodmbm gÝX © H$m "H¥$îUñVw^JdmZ² ñd`§' H$m Bg gÝX^©go {dam oY n‹S > oJm. Š`m^mJdV‘VàdV©H$ ì`mgOr ñd § {déÕ ~mV H$a aho h¢?... g^rì`m»`mH$mam|Zo Hw$N> Z Hw$N> g‘mYmZ Xo H$a g‘Pm¡Vm {H$`m h¡.‘Vb~ `h {H$ ‘VàdV©H$ AnZo ‘V‘| nyd©àd{V©V emñÌ AWdm{dMmaYmam H$mo gåàXm`mZwHy$b AW© H$a Ho$ hr ñdrH$maVo h¢''(g‘m.nÌ.dëb.2.3).

lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$m ^r `{X Eogm A{^àm` hmoVm Vmo do ""EVm{Z Aï>‘‘ Bï>m{Z... lr‘X²^mJdVñ` Efw ñH$ÝYm¡ Xe‘nÄM‘m¡ gdm©{YH$V`mko m¡ H¥$îU‘mhmËå`~wÕ o'' ({ejmn.98) Eogo dMZ do H$^r {bIVo ZhtCÝhm|Zo AnZm ‘V BZ emñÌm|Ho$ AZwHy$b J‹T>Zm Mmhm h¡ Z{H$ BZ emñÌm|H$m AnZr‘mÝ`VmHo$ AZwHy$b ‘Z‘mZm AW© {ZH$mbZm Mmhm h¡. AV… `h Vmo lrghOmZÝXñdm‘rHo$ Cnmñ` Bï>XodHo$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$ Ad‘yë`Z H$aZoH$mo hr Ho$db CZHo$AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm‘r hmoZoH$m Xmdm H$aZodmbm|Ho$ öX`H$m {ZJy‹T> ‘Zmo md bJVm h¡.{’$a^r ‘¢ Vmo `hr H$hZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$ Omo ^r H$moB© AnZo {gÕmÝVH$mo doXmÝV

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‘mZVm hmo Vmo Cgo `h ~mV `m| Zht H$hZr Mm{h o; àË wV `m| H$hZr Mm{h o {H$""nyd©àd{V©V emñÌ AWdm {dMmaYmam H$mo gåàXm`mZwHy$b AW©‘| Zht naÝVwAnZo gmåàXm{`H$ ‘VH$mo nyd©{gÕ emñÌr` AW©Ho$ AZwHy$b T>mb H$a àñVwVH$aZm Mm{h o''. AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ ""Z{h ñd~wÕçm doXmWª n[aH$ëß`VXWª {dMma… H$Vwª eŠ`mo ~«÷ nwZ… `mÑe§ doXmÝVofw AdJV§ VmÑe‘od‘ÝVì`‘²'' (~«.gy.dmëb.^m.1&1&1). AÝ`Wm H$b H$moB© ñd § ñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`H$m AZwJm‘r hr Bg gåàXm`Ho$ ahñ`J«ÝWm|H$mo AnZo AZwHy$b AW©Ho$A{^àm`H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo ñdVÝÌ hmo Om oJm {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r B©gm ‘grh`m ‘hå‘X n`Jå~a Ho$ ^maVr` OZm|Ho$ CÕmamW© àH$Q>o AdVma Wo V~ Bg{ZH$fH$mo ‘mZZodmbm|Ho$ nmg Eogm|H$mo amoH$ZoH$m H$moB© Cnm` ~M Zht Om oJm.

lrH¥$îUHo$ AZoH$mZoH$ AdVma hþdo h¢. ñd § lrH¥$îU ^r g^r H$ënm|‘|nyU©nwéfmoÎm‘V`m àH$Q> Z hmo H$a H$^r A§emdVma, H$^r H$bmdVma, H$^rAmdoemdVma; Am¡a H$^r CZH$s gH$m‘monmgZm H$s OmZona jwÐXodV`m ^r àH$Q>hmoVo h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘| nwamUm|‘| {‘bVo lrH¥$îUM[aÌgå~ÝYr {d{dY {Zê$nU VmoCg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎdHo$ AZoH${dY ê$n-Zm‘-H$‘m]Ho$ g{hV AZoH${dYàmH$Q²>çH$m hr à‘mU ‘mZr OmVr h¡. `hr Vmo CZHo$ na~«÷ËdH$m qbJ ~ZVm h¡.AVEd ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ ""àË`ãX§ d¥jdV² H$ënm… ^wdZÐþ‘ê${nUmoAÝ`H$ënmoŠVarË`m{n H${WVmo ^JdmZ² ñd`‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&58-59).d¡go Eogm {d{MÌ {dYmZ H$aZogo nyd© lr gm.lw.Or ñd § lrghOmZÝXOrH$m Bg{df`‘| Omo A{^àm` h¡ Cgo ^br^m§{V öX²JV H$a boVo Vmo AÀN>r ~mV hmoVr :

""g amY`m wVmo ko mo amYmH¥$îU B{V à w…, épŠ‘Ê`m a‘`mCnoVm o bú‘rZmam`U… g{h, ko`mo AO© wZ oZ `wŠVmo Agm¡ZaZmam`Um{^Ymo, ~b^Ðm{X`moJoZ VÎmÝZm‘m CÀ`Vo gM...AVíM Añ` ñdê$nofw oXmo ko mo Z gd©Wm, MVwam{X wOËdÝVw{Û~mhmo… Vñ` M¡pÀN>H§$, Vñ ¡d gd©Wm ^pŠV… H$V©ì`m ‘ZwO¡…~wY¡…, {Z…lo ñH$a§ {H$pÄMV² VVmo AÝ`X² Z B{V Ñí`Vm§...H¥$îU…VXdVmam… M Ü o m… VËà{V‘m{n M.'' ({ejmn.109-115).

I¡a, ‘hmà w Vmo H$hVo hr h¢ {H$ ""Z‘mo JdVo Vñ‘¡ H¥$îUm` AX² wVH$‘©Uoê$nZm‘{d oXoZ `… H«$sS>{V, `mo OJX² yËdm H«$sS>{V; `Vmo OJV² H«$sS>{V''(Ñï>. : V.Xr.{Z.à.1&1).

dñVwV… Vmo lr gm.lw.OrHo$ ^rVa-"MVw w©O {dé.{Û wO', "d¡Hw$ÊR> {dé.JmobmoH$', "bú‘rn{V {dé. amYmn{V', "lrH¥$îU {dé.lrZ¥qghm{X AdVma'-EogoAZoH$ {damoYm|Ho$ {ZhmaVo ahZoH$s ‘ZmoJ«pÝW BVZr H$g H$a CbP J`r h¡ {H$ CÝh|ñd § CZHo$ AmMm ©Ho$ gwñnï> {dYmZ ^r `mX Zht AmVo Omo h‘ D$na CÕ¥V H$aAm o. lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ BZ eãXm|Ho$ AJå^ra AdJmhZÛmam ^r h‘maoH$Ï`H$s àm‘m{UH$Vm naIr Om gH$Vr h¡. `{X {ejmnÌrH$m hr, {H$ÝVw,VÎd{Zê$nU‘| àm‘mÊ` A{^‘V Z hmo Vmo, H$moB© J{V {’$a ~M Zht OmVr

I¡a, g§jon‘| lr{dîUwñdm{‘‘VH$m AZwJm{‘Ëd ‘hmà wH$mo Hw$bnaånamgoàmßV hr Wm, CZH$m OÝ‘ hr Bg d¡îUdgåàXm`Ho$ AZwJm‘r ~«m÷UHo$ Hw$b‘|hþdm Wm. AVEd O¡go CÝhm|Zo d¡{XH$-ñ‘mV© dUm©l‘Y‘©H$m Ë`mJ {H$ o {~ZmVX{damoYr gdm©{YH$maH$ d¡îUd ^pŠV‘mJ© Am¡a àn{Îm‘mJ© H$m ^r ^JdXmkmAm¡a ‘mÝ` gH$bemñÌm|go A{déÕV`m AdJV hmoZona àdV©Z {H$`m, R>rH$ CgrVah Hw$bnaånamàmßV VmpÝÌH$ d¡îUdgåàXm`H$m ^r Ë`mJ {H$ o {~Zm VX{damoYrAnZm CŠV nw{ï>^pŠVgåàXm` CÝhm|Zo àd{V©V {H$`m. AVEd ‘hmà wZo `hIwbmgm ñd § ^r {X`m hr h¡ {H$-

1.""^JdÀN>mñÌ‘² Amkm` {dMm © M nwZ…nwZ… `X² CŠV§h[aUm níMmX² gÝXoh{d{Zd¥Îm`o : EH§$ emņ̃ XodH$snwÌJrV‘²EH$mo Xodmo XodH$snwÌEd ‘ÝÌmo@{n EH$… Vñ` Zm‘m{Z m{Z H$‘m©{nEH§$ Vñ` Xodñ` godm. B{V AmH$bæ`gVV‘²...''(.V.Xr.{Z.1&3-5).

2.""{d{eï>ê$n§ doXmW©… ’$b§, ào‘ M gmYZ§, VËgmYZ§Zd{dYm ^pŠV…, VËà{Vnm{XH$m JrVm, g§jonV… Vñ` dŠVmñd`‘² A yX² h[a…. VX²{dñVmamo ^mJdV§ gd©{ZU© nyd©H§$ ì`mg…g‘m{YZm gd©‘² Amh H¥$îUmoŠV‘² Am{XV…. ‘mJm} A`§

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gd©‘mJm©Um‘² CÎm‘… n[aH$s{V©Vmo `pñ‘Z² nmV^ § ZmpñV ‘moMH$…gd©Wm `V…. dUm©l‘dVm§ Y‘} ‘w» o Zï>o N>boZVw {H«$`‘mUo ZY‘©… ñ`mX² AV… Vñ‘mX² Z ‘moMZ‘². ~w{Õ‘mZ² AmXa§ Vpñ‘Z² N>bogmÜ o@{n Xw…IV… Ë`ŠËdm ‘mJ} Y«wd’$bo ^pŠV‘mJ} g‘m{deoV².{déÕH$aU§ ZmpñV à{H«$`m Z {déÕçVo H$pënV¡aod ~mY… ñ`mX²AdmoMm‘ à‘mUVm‘²... ZmÌ lw{Vñ‘¥{V{déÕmMmamo, Zm{n à‘o §d oX{déÕ‘². AVm o ZmÌ {déÕgå^mdZm{n...''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&220-226)

`hm§ gwñnï>V`m h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ ‘hmà w lwË`m{X emñÌm|go A{déÕ hmoZoH$sH$gm¡Q>rna Iao CVaZoH$s {ZpíM{VHo$ gmW hr ZyVZ lrH¥$îUgodm^pŠV-eaUmJ{VHo$gåàXm`àdV©ZH$s enW bo aho h¡. ñd § AnZoH$mo {XIbm`r {X o ñdßZ `m‘Zmo «‘ Ho$ AmYmana Zht.

Bg ‘mJ©H$s CŠV gH$b emñÌm|Ho$ {gÕmÝVgo A{déÕVm {gÕ H$aZoH$moemñÌmW©àH$aUHo$ Ho$db CnXoeH$mb‘| à‘mUMVwï>`H$m g‘pÝdVàm‘mÊ` àñVm{dV{H$`m h¡, {eï>mÑV AÝ`mÝ` emñÌm|Ho$ Aàm‘mÊ`H$mo ‘mZ H$a `m Cgo B§{JVH$aZoH$mo Zht. AVEd Bgr {Z~ÝYHo$ AÝV‘| ""AWm} A`‘od {ZpIb¡a{ndoXdmŠ ¡… am‘m`U¡… g{hV^maVnÄMamÌ¡… AÝ ¡… M emñÌdMZ¡… gh VÎdgyÌ¡…{ZUu`Vo göX § h[aUm gX¡d... gd}fm§ à‘mUmZm‘² AÌ EH$dmŠ`Vm AÝ ofwdmŠ`m^mgmEd... AÝ`Wm MVwX©e{dÚmZm§ gañdVrê$nËdmX² EH${Zð>VmZ ñ`mV²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&104) Eogo CX²JmaÛma gH$b emñÌm|Ho$ g‘Ýd`‘| hr;AWm©V² EH$dmŠ`Vm {gÕ H$aZona hr emñÌàm‘mÊ`H$mo ñdrH$maZona ^ma XoVo h¢,Z{H$ Ho$db ^mJdVHo$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AÝYmZwH$aUna. AV… ‘hmà wH$mo ^mJdVH$mgdm}n[a Am¡a AÝ`mÝ` emñÌm|H$m Jm¡Uàm‘mÊ` ‘mÝ` Zht h¡, O¡gm{H$ lrgm.lw.Or gmoM aho h¢. ‘hmà w Vmo gwñnï> eãXm|‘|, AVEd, H$hVo h¢ ""EVÀMVwï> ‘²EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ§ gV² à‘mOZH$‘². Ed§ nyU©kmZmoX`md{Y `X² J«mh²`§à‘mUËdoZ, VX² {Zê$ß` VXZÝVa§ `V² à‘mU§ VX² Amh "AWdm gd©ê$nËdmV²Zm‘brbm{d^oXVm o {déÕm§en[aË`mJmV², à‘mU§ gd©‘ od {h''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&7-9). AVEd VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ AJbo gd©{ZU© àH$aU‘|

àm‘mÊ`Ho$ Bg à‘mUMVwï>`ê$n {ZH$fHo$ gmW ~§Yo ahZm ‘hmà wZo Amdí`H$Zht g‘Pm. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Bg VahHo$ à oXm|H$mo g‘Po {~Zm hr lrgm.lw.OrZo ^mJdVHo$ lwË`m{XemñÌmonOrdr gd©gÝXohdmaH$ Ma‘àm‘mÊ` Am¡aAÝ`mÝ` AZoH$emñÌm|go Cn~¥§hUr` lw{VHo$ gdm}nOrì` àW‘àm‘mÊ` Ho$ à oXH$mog‘PZoH$m V{ZH$ ^r H$ï> Zht CR>m`m h¡. Am¡a Z `hr H$ï> CR>mZoH$m à`mg {H$`mh¡ {H$ àñVwV à‘mUMVwï>`H$s EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ eãXam{e Ho$db {d{d{XfmH$mb`m CnXoeH$mbrZ àmW{‘H$s ì`dñWm h¡, Z{H$ emñÌHo$ Agå^mdZm-{dnarV^mdZma{hV nyU©~moY hmo OmZoHo$ ~mXH$s.

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rZo ^r BZ MmaHo$ ~Om` AmR>emñÌm|H$s {ejmnÌrHo$ CnXoeH$mb‘| Omo gÀN>mñÌV`m à‘mUV`m CnmXo`VmñdrH$mar h¡, dh AnZoH$mo ‘mÝ` gH$bemñÌm|H$s ApÝV‘oËW§ n[aJUZm Zht h¡.{’$a^r {ZOgåàXm`Ho$ ahñ`Ho$ n[akmZmW© BZHo$ ^r àm‘mÊ`H$m Ë`mJ `m CnojmH$a Ho$db gmåàXm{`H$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`na Adbpå~V hmoZm ñdJmoð>çoH$aå`H$Wm hmo gH$Vr na emñÌ{dÛX²Jmo{ð>‘mÝ` Zht. AñVw.

(5.Š`m {ejmnÌr‘| ^r VÎdnÄMH$ AWm©{jßV ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?) lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢ ""{’$a^r O~ {ejmnÌr‘|go hr VmpÎdH$ {dMmam|H$mo

àYmZmonmXo ‘mZ H$a H$moB© Amjon H$aVo h¢, V~ {ejmnÌr‘|go ^r àË wÎma{‘b gH$Vm h¡... : #B~«÷{Zê$nU#A"{ZOmË‘mZ§ ~«÷ê$n§ XohÌ`{dbjU§{d^mì` VoZ H$V©ì`m ^pŠV… H¥$îUñ` gd©Xm'-"VÌ ~«÷mË‘Zm H¥$îUgodm‘wpŠV… M Jå`Vm‘²' `hm§ "lrH¥$îU' nXgo na‘mË‘m, "{ZOmË‘m'nXgoOrdmË‘m Am ¡a "X ohÌ`'nXgo ‘m`mH$m {Zê$nU h¡ bo{H$Z"~«÷ê$n'eãXmÝVJ©V ~«÷ Š`m VÎd h¡? `h àíZ hmoVm h¡. "g{V Hw$S²>ço{MÌ‘²' Bg Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgma... Bg ~«÷VÎdHo$ kmZHo${b o gmåàXm{`H$J«ÝW "dMZm‘¥V' "gËg§{JOrdZ'...Am{X J«ÝWm |H$m o X oIZmn‹S>oJm.''(g‘m.nÌ.4.3.1dëb.).

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d¡go gmåàXm{`H$ J«ÝWm| Ûmam ‘Vahñ`H$mo g‘P boZo‘| Vmo H$moB© Amn{ÎmH$s~mV hmo hr Zht gH$Vr naÝVw O~ do ñd § {ejmnÌrHo$ Xwê$h ahñ`m|H$mo g‘PmZoHo$~Om` CgHo$ {dnarV `m CgH$m àË`m»`mZ hr H$aZo bJ| V~ Vmo CÝh| H$Xm{nZht XoIZo Mm{h o, ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ ""‘Ðÿn‘² B{V ‘X²dmUr ‘mÝ`mB`§ na‘mXamV²''-""H¥$îU^ŠVo…... nVZ§ `ñ` dmŠ`V… ñ`mV² VÝ‘wImX²Zd¡ lì`m''-""H¥$îUH¥$îUmdVmamUm§ IÊS>Z§ `Ì... Vm{Z emñÌm{U Z‘mÝ`m{Z H$XmMZ''-""B‘m‘od VVmo {ZË`‘² AZwg¥Ë` ‘‘ Am{lV¡…`VmË‘{^… d{V©Vì`§ ZVw ñd¡a§ H$XmMZ... ZoËW§ `o AmM[aî`pÝV VoVwAñ‘ËgåàXm`V… ~{h y©Vm… B{V ko ‘²'' Eogo H$R>moa {ZfoYH$s ^r{V öX`‘|aIVo hþdo.

Ohm§ VH$ Aja~«÷Ho$ ‘yV© Am¡a A‘yV© Eogo Xmo ê$nm|Ho$ ñdrH$maH$mo ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`{gÕmÝVH$m A{ZVagmYmaU ñdê$n H$hm Om ahm h¡, Vmo dh Vmo BVaXe©Zm|Ho$^br^m§{V AdbmoH$Z {H$ o {~Zm {H$`m J`m {dYmZ h¡. XopI o :

1.""na§ ~«÷Vw H¥$îUmo {h gpÀMXmZÝXH§$ ~¥hX² {Ûê$n§ V{Õgdª ñ`mX² EH§$ Vñ‘mX² {dbjU‘²'' ({gÕm.‘wŠVm.3).

2.""àH¥${V… nwéf… M C^m¡ na‘mË‘m A^dV² nwam `X² ê$n§g‘{Yð>m` VX² Aja‘² CXr ©Vo... à wËdoZ hao… ñ’y$Vm£ bmoH$ËdoZVXwX² d…... à w… d¡Hw$ÊR>dmgr, bmoH$mo d¡Hw$ÊR>mo, OrdOS>mH$maoUàmXw ©d{V B{V AW©…. AVEd d¡Hw$ÊR>dm{gZmo ‘wŠVm…. VVmo@{nnwéfmoÎm‘mo ‘hmZ²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&98-102).

3.""~«m÷oU ~«÷gå~pÝYZm ~«÷Um ^JdV¡dñd^moJmZ wê$nV`m gånm{XVoZ... eara oU... naàmßVo…‘wpŠVê$nËdmX² Aja~«÷U… nwéfmoÎm‘m`VZê$nËdmV² VXmË‘H$‘odeara§ Vñ` dŠVw‘² C{MV§ ZVw àmH¥$V‘²... `Ì H$‘©dmXr O¡{‘{Z…Ed§ ‘ZwVo, AÝ ofm‘² Ed‘² A“rH$mao {H$‘² AmíM ©‘² B{V kmnZm`VÝ‘VmonÝ`mgEd H¥$V…'' (~«.gy.dmëb.^m.4&4&2).

4.""^JdXwŠVdUm©l‘Y‘m©MaUoZ namonH$mam{XY‘m©MaUoZM d¡îUdmÝZ^jUoZ AÝ`ml`Ë`mJnyd ©H$^JdXml`oZ

à{V~ÝYH$nmnZmeo ^JdËàgmXo M {H«$`‘mUm`m…ldUm{Xê$nm`m… nmofo ~rO^mdXmT²>ç} ì`gZ^md… nyUm} ^d{V.VVmo d¥Õm¡ H«$‘oU JwUmZm§ Zmemo brbmg¥{ï>ñWmZm§ "Xe©`m‘mgbmoH§$ ñd§ JmonmZm§ V‘g… na§ gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§ `X² ~«÷Á`mo{V…gZmVZ‘²'' (^mJ.n wa m.10&25&14-15) B{V dmŠ`mX²ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>bmoH$mË‘H$m@jamZw d…; VWm, AÌ nydm}ŠVarË`mgod`m... JwUZmeo ~«÷^md…'' (à‘o.aËZm.’$b{ddo.).

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`U ‘V‘| à‘o ê$n VÎdm|H$s nm§Mg§»`m OwQ>mZona ^r H$moB© AgmYmaU Xme©{ZH$ àXmZ àH$Q> hmoVm Zht h¡. AWm©V²Bg‘| Hw$N> ^r ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝVH$m AZyR>mnZ PbH$ Zht nmVm. h‘ XoIMwHo$ h¢ am‘mZwOr` doXmÝV Am¡a dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ g‘Ýd`H$m Omo à`mg lrghOmZÝXñdm‘rZo {H$`m dh Adí` ZyVZ {d^mdZm Wr. naÝVw Bgo AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm‘rñdrH$maZogo H$VamZm MmhVo h¢. AVEd {ejmnÌrJV ~«÷ahñ`H$mo dMZm‘¥VHo$AmYmana g‘PZoH$m à`mg H$aZona^r H$moB© am‘mZwOr` doXmÝVgo ^r ZyVZ H$moB©~mV C^a H$a gm‘Zo AmVr Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$-

""na‘‘² Aja§ àH¥${V{d{Z‘w ©ŠV‘² AmË‘ñdê$n§...AZmË‘^yV‘² AmË‘{Z gå~Ü`‘mZ§^yVgyú‘VX²dmgZm{XH§$...VXw^`§ àmß`V`m Ë`mÁ`V`m M‘w‘wjw{^… kmVì`‘².'',"""`… à`m{V Ë`OZ² Xoh§ gm `m{V na‘m§J{V‘²' BË`Ì "na‘J{V'eãX{Z{X©ï >m o Aja…àH¥${Vg§gJ©{d`wŠVñdê$noU AdpñWV… AmË‘m''...""A{MËg§gJ©{d`wŠV§ ñdê$noU AdpñWV§ ‘wŠVñdê$n§ na‘‘²{Z`‘ZñWmZ§, VÀM AnwZamd¥{Îmê$n‘². AWdm àH$medmMr"Ym‘'eãX…'', """Aja'eãX{Z{X©ï >… H y $Q >ñW… AmË‘mA{MËg§gJ©{d wŠV… ñdoZ ê$noU AdpñWVmo ‘wŠVmË‘m'', ""na§~«÷ CnmgrZmZ² AmË‘mZ§ M àH¥${V{d wŠV§ ~«÷mË‘H$‘² CnmgrZmZ²Am{Vdm{hH$mo JUmo Z`{V B{V {gÕ‘²'', ""àË`JmË‘Z… na§Á`mo{V… CngånÚ {Zd¥Îm{VamoYmZñ` ñdê$nm{d^m©d…... ~«m÷oUAnhVnmß‘Ëdm{XZm B{V AW©…'' (Jr.am.^m.8&3,8&21,15&16VWm ~«.gy.am.^m.4&3&15,4&4&5).

339 340

`hr Vmo g~ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r dMZm‘¥V‘| ^r H$h aho h¢ `Wm-

""^JdmZ²H$mo A{VàgÝZ H$aZoH$s BÀN>m hmo, Vmo EH$ Cnm``h h¡ {H$ AnZo-AnZo dUm©l‘Y‘m]Ho$ gå~ÝY‘| AMb{Zð>m,AmË‘{Zð>mH$s A{Ve` Ñ‹T>Vm, EH$‘mÌ ^JdmZ²Ho$ {gdm AÝ`g‘ñV nXmWm]Ho$ à{V Aé{M Am¡a ^JdmZ²‘| ‘mhmËå`g{hV{ZîH$m‘^pŠV aIZr Mm{h o. BZ Mmam| gmYZm| Ûmam ^JdmZ²H$moA{Ve` àgÝZVm hmoVr h¡... Eogm EoH$mpÝVH$ ^ŠV Xoh Ë`mJH$a VWm ‘m`mHo$ g‘ñV ^mdm|go ‘wŠV hmo H$a A{M©‘mJ© Ûmam^JdmZ²Ho$ AjaYm‘ OmVm h¡. Cg AjaHo$ Xmo ñdê$n h¢ : BZ‘|EH$ Vmo {ZamH$ma EH$ag M¡VÝ` h¡. Cgo "{MXmH$me' Am¡a"~«÷Ym‘' H$hVo h¢ VWm Xygao ê$ngo nwéfmoÎm‘ Zmam`UH$s godm‘|ahVm h¡. Cg AjaYm‘‘| OmZodmbm ^ŠV ^r Aja~«÷Ho$gmYå © mdH$mo àmßV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AIÊS> godm‘| ahVm h¡. BgAjaYm‘‘| lrH¥$îU nwéfmoÎm‘ Zmam`U gX¡d(Z{H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`UnÝWHo$ ~hþOZ‘mÝ` Z hmoZoH$s Ad{Y‘| hr) {~amO‘mZ ahVoh¢...'' (dMZm.J.à.20).

""~«÷ Vmo nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$m {H$aUê$n h¡ {H$ÝVw ñd §^JdmZ² Vmo gX¡d gmH$ma ‘y{V© hr h¢.''(J.‘.10)

nVm Zht {H$ Bg nÝWH$m AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm‘r ~moMmgUdmgr Xb dMZm‘¥VH$sahñ`mW©Xr{nH$mH$m àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maVo h¢ `m Zht? CÝh| Omo Hw$N> ‘mÝ` hmo naÝVwCg‘| Bg dMZm‘¥VH$m ahñ` dñVwV… AX²^wV àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡.ahñ`mW©Xr{nH$mH$ma H$hVo h¢ : ""ZZw ^JdÎmoOmoê$nñ` YmåZmo ^Jd{Vlrñdm{‘Zmam`Uo ñdm{‘godH$^mdmo {dÚVo Zdm? B{V MoV² gy ©àH$meñ`gy } dpôZÁdmbm`m… M dôZm¡ `Wm Z¡d ApñV ñdm{‘godH$^md… VW¡d^JdÎmoOmoê$nmjaYmåZmo JdËñdm{‘Zmam`Uo Z¡d ApñV ñdm{‘godH$^md….`V… BX§ VoOñVw ‘yV}… H$m`©^yV‘² B{V Z¡d ApñV VVmo {^ÝZ§ {H$ÝVwH$m`©H$maU^md… earaear[a^md… M¡d {dÚVo. ZZw AjaYmåZm o

^JdX²{^ÝZËdm^md§ MoV² V{h©... Vñ`¡d {ÛVr`ê$noU ^JdËgodm`m§dV©‘mZËd§ `X² CŠV§ VÌ {ÛVr § ê$n§ H$W§ ko ‘²? godm M H$m? B{V MoX²^JdÎmoOgEd AjaYm‘Ëd‘²... Vñ`¡d M ‘y{V©‘Ý‘ybmjaear[aËd§VX²ì`mnH$Ëd§ VX²Ñï¥>Ëd§ VXmË‘Ëd§ VXmYmaËd§ M B{V ahñ`mW©ËdmV² M''(dM.ah.Xr{n.J.à.22&4). ‘wPo Vmo ahñ`mW©Xr{nH$mHo$ Eogo {dYmZH$mAdbmoH$Z H$aZona ‘hmà wHo$ ""àW‘‘² Aja‘² Amh... OrdmZm§ {MÐÿnmUm§{MÐÿno ñd`mo½`o ~«÷{U àdoe…... ZZw AmZÝXm§e{Vamo^mdo OrdËd‘odñ`mX²... B{V AmeL²>Š` Amh... ~«÷Hy$Q>ñWmì`ŠVm{XeãX¡… dmÀ`mo{ZaÝVa…... VWm{n Z nwéfmoÎm‘mX² {^ÝZV`m AdpñWV… {H$ÝVw {ZaÝVaEd.Vñ ¡d H$maUËd§ kmn{`Vw§ VÌ¡d H$m ©pñW{V‘² Amh gdm©daU wŠVm{Z Vpñ‘Z²AÊS>m{Z H$m o{Q >e… ‘ybm{dÀN> oXê$noU VXmYmaV`m pñWV…''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&98-102) dMZ `mX Am OmVo h¢. A~ ñd § ahñ`J«ÝWH$s ^rahñ`mW©Xr{nH$m Aja~«÷H$mo {^ÝZV`m àH$m{eV Z H$aVr hmo Vmo Š`m H$aZm `h^r h‘ `hm§ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Aja~«÷H$mo ^JdÎmoOmoê$n lram‘mZwOmMm ©Zo ^rñdrH$mam hr h¡. Cgo ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>mË‘H$ Ym‘ê$n ‘hmà wZo Am¡a A{YH$ ‘mZm h¡,àH$meê$nVmHo$ gmW-gmW. BZ XmoZm| ‘Vm|H$mo g‘pÝdV H$a EH$ ZyVZ {d^mdZm‘ybê$noU ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` doXmÝVH$s Wr. AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV{H$ÝVw BZH$m Ë`mJ H$aZm MmhVm h¡.

d¡go Vmo {MÌ{Z‘m©UHo${b o Hw$S²>çmÝdofU `m Hw$S²>ç{Z‘m©U Ho$ à`moOZdedMZm‘¥VH$m nmZ H$aZo OmZona ^r ""Cn{ZfX² doXmÝV lw{V`m| Am¡a ñ‘¥{V`m| ‘|{OZH$mo namojê$ngo ~«÷ Á`mo{V…ñdê$n kmZê$n VÎd gyú‘ {ZaÄOZ joÌkgd©H$maU na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm‘... ~Vm`m J`m...'' (dMZm.J.‘.39) BgdMZm‘¥V‘| "~«÷' Am¡a "nwéfmoÎm‘' nXm|H$mo n`m© dmMr nmZona ahñ`mW©Xr{nH$mÛmam àñVwV ì`m»`mZ AH$mÊS>VmÊS>d Vmo Zht bJVm h¡. AV… Z Vmo Ym‘mË‘H$A‘yV© Aja~«÷ H$moB© n¥WH²$ VÎd {gÕ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z Cg ^JdÕm‘‘| nhþ§Mo‘wŠVmË‘JU hr H$moB© n¥WH²$ {gÕ hmoVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ do ^r VÎdÌ`rHo$ AÝVJ©VOrdmË‘mH$s ~ÕmdñWm Am¡a ‘wŠVmdñWmê$n Ho$db AdñWm oX hr {gÕ hm|JoVÎdmÝVa Zht. ahr ~mV B©ídaVÎdH$s Vmo {OgHo$ ~mao‘| lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢-

341 342

B©ída{Zê$nU """gå^dì`{^Mmamä`m§ ñ`mX² {deofU‘²AW©dV²'... {ejmnÌr‘| "ko`… ñdVÝÌ B ©em o Agm¡gd©H$‘©’$bàX…' `h {deofU{d{eï> nX Š`m| {X`m h¡? Š`mnaVÝÌ H$moB© B©ída h¡? `{X h¡ Vmo `hr EH$ {^ÝZ VÎdHo$ ê$n‘|à{V{ð>V h¡. Zht Vmo "B©e'nXH$m "ñdVÝÌ' {deofU {ZaW©H$ h¡''(g‘m.nÌ.4.3.2).

{H$VZo N>moQ>ogo {VbH$m {H$VZm bå~m Vm‹S> `hm§ ~Zm`m Om ahm h¡ ñd § lrgm.lw.OrHo$ ""JwUmVrVmo Aja§ ~«÷ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘…'' ‘§JbmMaU‘| hr"Aja~«÷' {deoî`Ho$ gmW "JwUmVrV' {deofU Omo‹S>m J`m h¡, Vmo `hm§ ^r Š`m|nyN>m Zht Om gH$Vm {H$ Aja~«÷Ho$ ^r Š`m JwUmVrV Am¡a JwUmÝV…nmVr EogoXmo àH$ma ‘§JbmMaU‘| Üd{ZV hmo aho h¢? `{X "hm§' Vmo nwZ… EH$ hr ~«÷Ho$ XmoAdñWm oX Š`m| Zht ‘mZ boZo? Eogm ‘mZ boZona AÝd`ì`{VaoH$monXoeê$ndMZm‘¥V (J.à.7) Ho$ gmW gwg§dmX ^r hmo Om oJm. dmëb^ doXmÝV Vmo AnZoàmapå^H$ H$mbgo hr ~«÷Ho$ AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$^mdna ~hþV ^ma XoVm ahm h¡""VÌ "gdª ^JdmZ² H$W‘²?' B{V AmH$m§jm`m‘² AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$mä`m‘²B{V. gd©Ì JdVmo AÝd`mo ApñV-"KQ>… gZ²'-"nQ>… gZ²', "^mgVo' B{V,"{à`‘²' B{V M gd©Ì¡d EH$ñ` AÝd`…. AÝ`Wm EH$eãXmZwd¥{Îm…àVrË`Zwd¥{Îm… Z ñ`mV². {deofoU A{V[aÀ`Vo B{V ì`{VaoH$…... Ed§ gd©Ì`V² gdª gV² gd©ñ‘mX² A{V[aÀ`Vo VX² ~«÷¡d'' (gw~mo.2&9&35). AV… O¡goOrdmË‘m ‘m`mJwUm|‘| ’§$g H$a JwUmÝV…nmVr hmoZona ^r emñÌmon{Xï> gmYZmAm|Ho$AZwð>mZ Ûmam JwUmVrV hmo nmVr h¡, d¡go hr na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm‘ AnZo brbmg§H$ënHo$AZwê$n JwUmÝV…nm{V Am¡a JwUmVrV ^r hmoVm h¡. `h nwZ… lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$moA{Ve` ‘mÝ` lr‘X²^mJdVHo$ dMZm|H$m ñdma{gH$ d¥ÎmmÝV h¡. AV… EogmñdrH$ma boZona dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| AÝV y©V hmo OmZoH$s ì`W© r{V ^r gVmZr VmoZht Mm{h`o. Š`m|{H$ ñd`§ lrOr‘hmamO ^r nydm}ŠV dMZm‘¥VHo$ CnH«$‘‘|""emñÌm|‘| Ohm§-Ohm§ AÜ`mË‘dmVm© AmVr h¡, Cgo H$moB© g‘P Zht nmVmAm¡a «mpÝV hmo OmVr h¡. Bg{b o h‘ AÜ`mË‘dmVm©Ho$ `WmW© ñdê$nH$mdU©Z H$aVo h¢'' (dMZm.J.à.7) Eogm AË`ÝV ñnï> eãXm|‘| Bg YmaUmH$s‘hÎmm g‘Pm hr aho h¢. Bgo naÝVw Z ‘mZZr hmo Am¡a Z Aja~«÷H$mo ^r JwUmVrVEd§ JwUmÝV…nm{V `m| C^`ì`nXoemh© hr ‘mZZm hmo Vmo, O¡go `h {deofU {ZaW©H$hmo gH$Vm h¡, Eogo hr "ñdVÝÌ' {deofU ^r Š`m| {ZaW©H$ hmo Zht gH$Vm? `{X

gmoMm Om o {H$ lr gm.lw.Or {ZaW©H$ {deofUH$m à`moJ H$a gH$Vo h¡ naÝVwlrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r Zht, Vmo O~ do ""emñÌgå‘Vm… gXm{ef…''-""‘ZgopßgVmZm§ gwImZm‘²'' ({ejmn.6-212) dMZm|‘| "emñÌgå‘V' Am¡a"‘ZgopßgVmZm§' {deofUm|go {d{eï> Am{ef Am¡a gwI H$s ~mV H$h aho h¢, VmoŠ`m lrOr‘hmamO emñÌgo Agå‘V Am{ef ^r AnZo ^ŠVm|H$mo H$^r-H$^r XoVoahVo Wo Š`m? AWdm gwI ^r Š`m ‘Zmo rpßgV Am¡a ‘ZmoZ^rpßgV Eogo XmoVahHo$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV‘| H$ht Xagm o J o h¢ Š`m? d¡go lr gm.lw.Orgå^dV… {deofUH$mo EH${dY hr ‘mZVo bJVo h¢. AÝ`Wm {deofU Vmo 1ì`mdV©H$2{dYo Am¡a 3hoVwJ © `m| VrZ àH$maHo$ ‘mZo J o h¢. AV… àË oH$ {deofU{d{eï>CëboI‘| BVaì`mdV©Zê$n Hw$S²>çH$s ImoO A{Zdm © Zht hmoVr ""g H$sMH¡$…‘méVnyU©aÝY«¡…'' (aKwd§.2&12) Bg H$mbrXmgHo$ dU©Z‘| "‘méVnyU©aÝY«' {deofUO¡go {H$MH$m|H$m hoVwJ © {deofU h¡, d¡go hr "ñdVÝÌ' {deofU B©ídaH$m ^rhoVwJ © {deofU Š`m| Zht hmo gH$Vm? e¡d ‘V‘| O¡go ""nme~Õ… new… ko …nme‘wŠV… gXm{ed…'' H$hm VX²dV² EH$ hr B©ída AdñWm oXde AmË‘brb`mñdVÝÌ Am¡a naVÝÌ C^`{dY Š`m| Zht hmo gH$Vm?

lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ gd©H$maUH$maUê$n Cnmñ` Bï>Xod lrH¥$îUH$mo,AjaYm‘Ho$ ñdm‘r hmoZoHo$ nXgo À wV H$a ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$mo CgnXna A{^{fŠV H$a XoZoH$mo hr Vmo H$ht `h gmam wpŠVànÄM aMm Zht Om ahmh¡ gMmB© `{X `hr hmo Vmo {ejmnÌrHo$ hr Ho$db Zht àË`wV dMZm‘¥VHo$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ^r {H$VZm {ZOmMm`m}nXoeHo$ à{V AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$m{ZamXaH$m ^md àH$Q> h¡, `h XoI boZm ^r C{MV hmoJm.

Cggo ^r nhbo `h EH$ Am¡a ñnï>rH$aU ‘wPo Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡ {H$ `hd¡Hw$ÊR>-JmobmoH$ Am{X g^r Ym‘m|go D$na Omo AjaYm‘ (dñVwV… Vmo dMZm‘¥VH$màm‘mÊ` {Z…gpÝX½Y hmo Vmo ""‘m`mHo$ V‘go nao Omo JmobmoH$ h¡ CgHo$ ‘Ü`^mJ‘|pñWV AjaYm‘...'' (dMZm.d.18) Eogo nXà`moJde Hw$N> Xygam hr {MÌC^aVm h¡) H$hm Om ahm h¡ CgHo$ ñdm‘r hmoZoHo$ nXna lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$moA{^{fŠV H$aZoHo$ lÕm{VaoH$H$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm maVr` Y‘©-gåàXm`m|Ho$ B{Vhmg‘|H$moB© ZyVZ AÜ`m` `m ZyVZ ahñ`H$Wm Zht h¡. dh Vmo A{VgmYmaU `m

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gd©gmYmaU gXmMmaH$s Ho$db H$Wm h¡. Bgr‘| {H$ÝVw EH$ ahñ` `h Adí`AÝV{Z©Jy‹T> h¡ Omo gd©‘yb lw{VdMZZo `Wm`W ~«÷M ©-Jmh©ñÏ`-dmZàñW-g§Ý`mg `m| Mmam| Aml{‘Am|H$mo EH$ gmYmaU gXmMmaHo$ ê$n‘| ""‘mV¥Xodmo ^d,{nV¥Xodmo d, AmMm ©Xodmo d, A{V{WXodmo d'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.1&11) g‘Pm`mh¡. `hm§ ‘mVmAm{XHo$ gmW ""AmMm`m} Xodmo ^d{V'' Eogm BVa{Zanoj XodËdZht H$hm. AWm©V² AmMm ©H$mo CÔoí` ~Zm H$a XodËdH$m {dYmZ H$aZoHo$ ~Om`""AmMm`m} Xodmo `ñ‘¡ `ñ` dm'' `m| ~hþd«rhrHo$ à`moJ Ûmam {eî`gmnoj XodËdhr {XIbm`m h¡.

ghO gå^d h¡ {H$ gÀN>mñÌH$s Bg nwamVZ n[anm{Q>Ho$ AZwgaUmW©lrghOmZÝXOr r AnZr AjaYm‘ñdm{‘VmH$m CnXoe H$a aho hm|Jo. gÀN>mñÌm|‘|CZH$s A{Ve` Y‘©{Zð>mHo$ AmYmana ""ñd § CZHo$ nwéfmoÎm‘ hmoZo''Ho$ {dYmZH$s`h ì`m»`m CnnÝZ hmoVr h¡. naÝVw Ohm§ dgwXod-XodH$sgwV lrH¥$îUH$mo ""AjaYm‘Ho$A{Yn{V nwéfmoÎm‘'' H$hm J`m h¡ dhm§ CZHo$ lr‘wIgo {ZH$bo dMZm|H$mo hr CÕ¥V{H$`m J`m hmoZogo CgH$s AÝ`Wmonn{Îm eŠ` hr Zht, `{X dmŠ`mW©‘r‘m§gmH$mboe‘mÌ ^r kmZ hmo Vmo. {’$a^r dMZm‘¥VHo$ lmoVmAm|Zo lÕmOmS²>çde AÝ`WmW©hr {dMmam I¡a, lw{VHo$ Abmdm ñ‘¥{VAm|‘| ^r Eogr gmdYmZr ""AmMm`m}~«÷Umo ‘y{V©…''-""AmMm`m} ~«÷bmoHo$e…'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.2&226-4&182) O¡godMZm|‘| ~aVr J`r h¡. Š`m|{H$ {nVm-nwÌ^mdH$s Vah AmMm ©-{eî`^md ^rBVaoVagmnoj hr hmoVm h¡. XodXÎmê$n {eî`H$m `kXÎm AmMm © Amdí`H$ Zht{H$ ~«÷XÎmHo${b o ^r AmMm © hr hmo. AVEd `hr {ddoH$ lr‘X² mJdVnwamU‘|^r ""AmMm ª ‘m§ {dOmZr`mX² Zmd‘Ý oV H${h©{MV² Z ‘Ë ©~wÕçm Agy oVgd©X od‘`m o J wé…''-""AmMm`©M¡Ë`dnwfm ñdJqV ì`ZpŠV''(^mJ.nwam.11&17&27-VÌ¡.11&29&6) O¡go CnXoem|‘| {‘bVm h¡. `hm§ ^rbú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV `hr h¡ {H$ "~«÷' Z H$h "~«÷‘y{V©' H$hm Ed§""AmMm`m} Ah§ ^dm{‘'' Z H$h H$a ""‘m§ {dOmZr`mX²'' H$hm. Bgr Vah""jamjamVrVdnwfm ñdJqV ì`ZpŠV'' Z H$h H$a ""M¡Ë`dnwfm ñdJqV ì`ZpŠV''H$hm.

Bgo WmonXoe boZoHo$ ~Om` {Og Xod, ~«÷, jamjamVrV nwéfmoÎm‘, lrH¥$îU,lrh[a, KZí`m‘, `m ZrbH$ÊR> Am{X Xodm|H$s ~w{Õ AmMm ©‘| H$aZoH$mo H$hmOm`, ñd`§ Cg KZí`m‘ `m ZrbH$ÊR> XodHo$ ~mao‘| AWdm Vmo ~«÷ `mjamjamVrV nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ~mao‘| bmoH$lÕmHo$ {Z‘y©bZ Ûmam ñd § AmMm ©H$mo CgVahgo ‘mZ boZm `m {~aXmZo bJ OmZm gd©Wm AZw{MV h¡ {Og g§{dYmZHo$àmdYmZ{deof Ûmam {H$gr ì`pŠV `m g‘wXm` H$mo ‘mZdr` Jm¡admZwê$n A{YH$ma{H$gr amîQ´>‘| ahZoH$m {‘bVm hmo Cgo nm boZoHo$ ~mX amï´>r` g§{dYmZH$s AdhobZmH$aZoH$mo AnZo {Z`‘m|H$s gdm}n[aVm {XImZo O¡gr `h CÔm‘dmXr Hy$Q>Zr{V IobrOmVr bJVr h¡ AñVw.

ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOr BZ gÀN>mñÌmon{Xï> AmXem]‘| {H$VZr A{dMb{Zð>m aIVo Wo `h Vmo CZHo$ Z Ho$db {ejmnÌr àË wV dMZm‘¥V‘| ^r ~M nm oAZoH$mZoH$ dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana {Z…g§{X½YV`m àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡. gd©àW‘ Vmo{ejmnÌr O¡go nÌ AnZo AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo CÝh| Š`m| {bIZo n‹S>o? BgHo$ nrN>o ahoH$maUm|Ho$ {Okmñ` hmoZona `h dU©Z {‘bVm h¡ :

""do JmXrV{H$`mna CXmg ~¡R> J o. CÝhm|Zo Z Vmo {H$grH$mo~wbm`m Am¡a Z {H$grHo$ gm‘Zo XoIm... Cgr pñW{V‘| CZHo$ ZoÌm|goAm§gy n‹S>Zo bJo... BgHo$ níMmV² ~mobo "h‘Zo ewîH$km{Z`m|H$m‘V OmZZoHo${b o CZHo$ emñÌH$m ldU {H$`m. CgHo$ ldU‘mÌgoh‘mao AÝV…H$aU‘| C{Û½ZVm hmo J`r, Š`m|{H$ ewîH$doXmÝVHo$ldUgo OrdH$s ~w{Õ‘|go ^JdmZ²H$s CnmgZmH$s ^mdZm bwßVhmo OmVr h¡... Bg{b o AÝ` Xodm|H$s ^r CnmgZm hmo OmVr h¡...CZH$s ~w{Õ {~bHw$b «ï> hmo OmVr h¡...' Bg àH$ma do ~hþV X¡aVH$ CXmg aho Am¡a AnZo hmWm|go ZoÌm|Ho$ Am§gy nm|N> H$a Eogm~mobo {H$ ^JdX²JrVmna Omo am‘mZwO^mî` h¡ CgH$s H$Wm gwZH$a am{Ì‘| gmo aho Wo V~ h‘Zo EH$ ñdßZ XoIm {H$ h‘ JmobmoH$‘|J o, Ohm§ ^JdmZ²(Zht {H$ ñd §)Ho$ AZÝV nmf©Xm|H$mo XoIm...h‘| Eogm {dMma hþdm {H$ na‘oídaH$s Eogr ào‘^pŠV VWmna‘oída(Zht {H$ ñd §)H$s Eogr CnmgZmH$m n[aË`mJ H$aHo$ Omo

345 346

{‘Ï`mkmZr Eogm ‘mZVm h¡ {H$ h‘ ^JdmZ² h¢ dh ‘hmXwï> h¡...{Og àH$ma Y‘© VWm JdmZ² H$s pŠVgo {H$gr r Vah {dM{bVZ hm| VWm AnZo Bï>Xod lrH¥$îUZmam`U(Zht {H$ ñd §)go {H$gr^r àH$ma ~w{Õ {S>Jo Zht, Bg Ame`H$m EH$ nÌ {bI H$aXoe^aHo$ gËg§{J`m|Ho$ nmg oO|... Omo nwéf h‘mar Bg AmkmH$mÑ‹T>Vmnyd©H$ nmbZ H$aoJm, CgH$mo lrH¥$îUZmam`U(Zht {H$ñd`§)‘| ZmaX O¡gr Ñ‹T> ^pŠV hmo Om`oJr... Omo h‘mao BgdMZH$m Cëb§KZ H$a|Jo, CZH$s ^pŠV doí`m O¡gr ì`{^Mm[aUrhmo Om oJr' g§dV² 1878‘| ‘mJ©erf© H¥$îU MVwX©erH$mo `h nÌ{bIm'' (dMZm.J.‘.19).

A~ nVm Zht MbVm {H$ dMZm‘¥Vm|H$mo gmaV‘ ‘mZZodmbo AmYw{ZH$AZwJm‘r BZH$s {ejmnÌrH$mo ""Agmaê$nm Aëngmaê$nm gmaê$nm AWdmgmaVaê$nm'' Ho$ ~rM Š`m ‘mZVo h¢ Aao hm§ lw{V-gyÌ {OZ‘| Ajam{Yn{VnwéfmoÎm‘H$m {Zê$nU {‘bVm Zht Cgo Agmaê$n, JrVm-^mJdV‘| {‘bVm hmoZona^r lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$m Ajam{Yn{VHo$ ê$n‘| dU©Z Z {‘bVm hmoZogo CÝh|Aëngmaê$n, BZ gÀN>mñÌm|Ho$ gmaV`m {ejmnÌrH$mo ñd § lrOr‘hmamO {~aXmVohmoZogo Cgo gmaê$n; Am¡a, gmaVaê$n Omo ^r H$moB© AÝ` J«ÝW hmo, Bg AW©‘| VmoH$ht dMZm‘¥VH$mo gmaV‘ Zht ‘mZm Om ahm h¡

I¡a, {Og-{H$gr AW©‘| dh ‘mZm OmVm hmo BVZm Vmo {ZpíMV h¡ {H$ BggmaV‘ CnXoeH$mo ^r lr gm.lw.Or AnZo g‘mYmZnÌHo$ ‘§JbmMaU‘| nwZ…AñdrH$ma H$a aho h¢-""am‘H¥$îUmÚdVmamUm§ H$maU§ na‘oída‘²'' {dYmZÛmam. Am¡a AVEd AmO ^r em`X lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ ‘ZH$mo C{Û½Z, ‘wIH$moCXmg Am¡a Z`Zm|H$mo Alwn[any[aV hr H$a aho h¢

Bg gmaV‘ dMZH$s VwbZm‘| hr Hw$N> AÝ` ^r gmaV‘ dMZ XoIZo bm`H$h¢ :

1.""Omo `h EH$ag VoO h¡, Cgo "~«÷' VWm "AjaYm‘'H$hVo h¢. Cg àH$me‘| Omo ^JdmZ²H$s ‘y{V© {XIm`r n‹S>Vr h¡,Cgo "AmË‘mH$m VÎd' "na~«÷' VWm "nwéfmoÎm‘' H$hVo h¢. do hr^JdmZ² AnZr BÀN>mgo Ordm|H$m H$ë`mU H$aZoHo${b`oam‘H¥$îUm{XHo$ ê$n YmaU H$aHo$ wJ- wJ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. `Ú{ndo ^JdmZ² Bg bmoH$‘| ‘Zwî`gÑe {XIm`r n‹S>Vo h¢ VWm{n do‘Zwî`dV² Zht h¢. do Vmo AjaYm‘Ho$ ñdm‘r h¡. `hr ~mV lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO)Zo JrVm‘| H$hr h¡:-"Z VX²^mg`Vo gy ©…... VX² Ym‘ na‘§ ‘‘' AVEd lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²`Ú{n ‘Zwî`dV² {XIm`r n‹S>Vo Wo VWm{n do(Zht {H$lrOr‘hmamO) AjamVrV H¡$dë`‘y{V© hr h¢... Bg àH$malrOr‘hmamOZo AnZo ^ŠVOZm|H$mo {ejm XoZoHo${b o AnZo(`h"AnZo' nX `hm§ AMmZH$ H¡$go Am J`m?) nwéfmoÎm‘ hmoZoH$sdmVm© namojê$n‘| H$hr. `h ~mV gwZ H$a g‘ñV gmYwAm| VWmh[a^ŠVm| Zo `h ‘mZ {b`m(AWm©V² lrOrZo H$hm hmo `m Z H$hmhmo) {H$ "VoOnw§O‘| {Og ‘y{V©Ho$ ahZoH$s ~mV H$hr J`r h¡ CgHo$àË`j à‘mU o lrOr‘hmamO h¢.(dMZm.J.‘.13).

2.""lrOr‘hmamOZo ~‹S>o-~‹S>o na‘h§gm|go nyN>m {H$ h‘Zolr‘X²^mJdVHo$ nÄM‘ñH$ÝY Xe‘ñH$ÝY H$m A{Ve`à{VnmXZ {H$`m... Xe‘ñH$ÝYH$m ahñ` `h h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfX²doXmÝV lw{V`m| Am¡a ñ‘¥{V`m| ‘| {OZH$mo namojê$ngo ~«÷Á`mo{V…ñdê$n kmZê$n VÎd gyú‘ {ZaÄOZ joÌk gd©H$maU na~«÷nwéfmoÎm‘ dmgwXod {dîUw Zmam`U Am¡a {ZJw©U Zm‘m|go ~Vm`m J`mdo hr `o àË`j dgwX odnwÌ lrH¥$îU dmgwX od h ¢''(dMZm.J.‘.39).

3.""AÝ` AdVmam|Ho$ g‘mZ lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ² AdVma ZhtAdVmar(Vmo lrOr‘hmamHo$ AdVma Š`m| ‘mZVo hmo?) h¢. Eogo OmolrH¥$îU ^JdmZ² h¢ do AnZo Bï>Xod h¢. CZ lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²(Zht{H$ lrOr‘hmamO)Ho$ M[aÌm |H$m gånyU© dU©Zlr‘X² mJdVnwamUHo$ Xe‘ñH$ÝY {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg{b o h‘Zo

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AnZo CÕdgåàXm`‘| Xe‘ñH$ÝYH$mo AË`ÝV àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZmh¡... ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU nwéfmoÎm‘(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO) VmoamOm{YamO VWm AIÊS>‘y{V© h¢. do(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO) AnZoAjaYm‘ê$nr qghmgZna gX¡d(Zht {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$à{gÕ hmoZogo nyd© hr) {~amO‘mZ ahVo h¢''(dMZm.J.‘.64).

4.""gËg§{JOZH$mo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z gr dmVm© Amdí`H$ ê$ngoOmZ aIZr Mm{h o... nhbr ~mV... AnZm CÕdgåàXm` h¡...Xygar ~mV... JwénaånamH$m kmZ... am‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ Jwéam‘mZwOmMm`© h¢ CZ am‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ h‘ {eî` h¢, EogrJwénaånam OmZZr... Vrgar ~mV... h‘ma o gåàXm`‘|A{Và‘mUê$n Omo emñÌ h¢... doX ì`mggyÌ lr‘X² mJdVnwamU‘hm^maVH$m {dîUwghòZm‘ ^JdX²JrVm {dXwaZr{VñH$ÝXnwamUHo$ {dîUwIÊS>H$m dmgwX od‘mhmËå``mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{V... Mm¡Wr ~mV... gËg§J{OZm|Ho$ {Z`‘...nm§Mdr ~mV...AnZo Bï>Xod lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²... ‘m`mHo$ V‘gonao Omo JmobmoH$ h¡ CgHo$ ‘Ü`^mJ‘| pñWV AjaYm‘‘| lrH¥$îU^JdmZ²... am{YH$mOr Ed§ bú‘rOr Ho$g{hV...''(dMZm.d.18)

AmíM © hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZ gmaV‘ CnXoem|‘| Z OmZo {H$VZr ~ma Anamojê$n‘|^JdmZ² dmgwXod lrH¥$îUH$mo hr AjaYm‘H$m ñdm‘r ‘mZm h¡ :

""lrH¥$îU O¡gm gd©epŠVgånÝZ H$moB© AÝ` AdVma Zhthþdm. Š`m|{H$ AÝ` Omo g~ CZH$s AZÝV ‘y{V© m§ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZê$ngo ahr h¢, CZ g~H$m ^md lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²(Zht {H$lrOr‘hmamO)Zo AnZo ñdê$n‘| {XIm`m... gd©àW‘...XodH$sH$s H$moIgo OÝ‘ {b`m V~ MVw w©Oê$n‘|... bú‘rn{Vd¡Hw$ÊR>ZmWH$m ^md... ‘mVm `emoXmH$mo AnZo ‘wI‘| {dídê$n{XIm`m Bg‘|... ghòerf©ê$n Ûmam A{ZéÕ^md... AH«w$aH$mo`‘wZmH$s Ymam‘| eofem{`^md... AOw©ZH$mo {dídê$n {XIbm`m{H$ "ní` ‘o nmW© ê$nm{U eVemo@W ghòe…' Bg àH$ma AZÝV~«÷mÊS> {XIbm H$a nwéfm oÎm‘^md ~Vm`m VWm ñd`§

lrH¥$îU(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO)Zo H$hm {H$ "`ñ‘mV² ja‘²AVrVmo Ah‘² AjamX{n M CÎm‘mo AVmo Apñ‘ bmoHo$ doXo M à{WV…nwéfmoÎm‘…' Bg àH$ma lrH¥$îUZo ñd`§ AnZm nwéfmoÎm‘^md{XIm`m. JmobmoH$dmgr am{YH$mg{hV lrH¥$îU ^r ñd`‘od Wo...ídoVÛrndmgr dmgwXodZo ñd § `h AdVma YmaU {H$`m Wm...Bg{b`o `hr AdVma(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO) gdm}n[a h¡...lrH¥$îUHo$ ñdê$n‘| {OgH$s AMb‘{V gX¡d ~Zr ahVr h¡, dh‘{V H$^r ^r ì`{^MmaHo$ XbXb‘| Zht ’§$gVr. `{X {H$grHw$g§Jde H$^r Hw$N> AZw{MV AmMaU hmo J`m hmo Vmo ^r CgH$mH$ë`mU‘mJ©go nVZ Zht hmoVm. CgH$m H$ë`mU hr hmoVm h¡.Bg{b`o Amn g~ na‘h§g h[a^ŠV ^r `{X Bg àH$ma^JdmZ²(Zht {H$ lrOr‘hmamO)‘| CnmgZmH$s Ñ‹T>Vm aIVo ah|JoVmo H$Xm{MV² H$moB© AZw{MV AmMaU hmo OmZona ^r AÝV‘|H$ë`mU hr hmoJm. (BZ dMZm|H$mo gwZ H$a H$moB© ^r Am¡gV~w{Õdmbm {ddoMH$ ^r A{YH$m{YH$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$molrH¥$îUH$m AdVma ‘mZ nm`oJm naÝVw lrghOmZÝXmonmñ`^JdmZ²Ho$ à{V {ZJy‹T> Ûof m Agy m Ho$ mdHo$ H$maU dMZm‘¥VHo$lmoVmAm|Zo Omo {ZU© {b`m dh `m| h¡) Bg dmVm©H$mo gwZ H$ag‘ñV gmYwAm| VWm h[a^ŠVm| Zo lrOr‘hmamO‘| gd©H$maU^mdOmZ H$a CnmgZmH$s Ñ‹T>Vm H$s''(dMZm.n§.6).

AV… `hm§ ""EH$J«ÝWeH$bmñdmañ § ~hþJ«ÝWñdmañ`m` J«mh² §''Ý`m` C{MVhmoVm naÝVw dh Z ^r ‘mZm Om o Vmo ^r Bg gÝX ©‘| `h Vmo CëboIZr` hr hmoVmh¡ {H$ `{X Bg dMZm‘¥V‘| "lrH¥$îU'Zm‘Ho$ à`moJ Ûmam lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r ñd §AnZr AjaYm‘mYreVm B§{JV H$aZm MmhVo hm| Vmo ""ñd § lrH¥$îUZo H$hm {H$"`ñ‘mV² ja‘² AVrVmo Ah‘² AjamX{n M CÎm‘mo AVmo Apñ‘ bmoHo$ doXo Mà{WV… nwéfmoÎm‘…' Bg àH$ma lrH¥$îUZo ñd § AnZm nwéfmoÎm‘^md {XIm`m.JmobmoH$dmgr am{YH$mg{hV lrH¥$îU ^r do ñd`‘od Wo'' dMZHo$ AmYmanaAja~«÷ê$n Ym‘‘| Ho$db lrJwUmVrVmZÝX ñdm‘r `m lr‘wŠVmZÝX ñdm{‘gÑe

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nwéf hr ahVo h¢ ñÌrOZ Zht, Bg YmaUmH$mo {Vbm§Obr XoZr n‹S>oJr AÝ`WmlrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rna {‘Ï`m^mfUH$m Amamon bJ Om oJm

{OVZr ~ma ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$mo AjaYm‘H$m ñdm‘r Anamoj {Zê$nU Ûmam‘mZm, CgH$s VwbZm‘| Vmo ~hþV H$‘ ~ma lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rZo ñd § AnZo ~mao‘|AjaYm‘Ho$ ñdm‘r hmoZoH$m ^md namojê$n‘| B§{JV {H$`m h¡. {’$a^r lrghOmZÝXñdm‘rHo$ Bï>Xod Am¡a CZHo$ gmjmV² CnXoem|‘| EoH$mpÝVH$s AlÕmHo$ H$maU hrCÝh| Jå^raVmHo$ gmW Z Vmo g‘PZo Am¡a Z ñdrH$maZo H$s hr ‘Zmod¥{Îm dMZm‘¥VHo$lmoVmAm| Am¡a g§H$bZH$mam| ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. AV… Ho$db Mma-N>h ~ma Omonamojê$n‘| H$hm CgH$m P§S>m D$§Mo ’$ham {X`m OmVm h¡ lr gm.lw.OrH$m H$hZmh¡ ""{ejmnÌr ^JdmZ² ñdm{‘Zmam`UZo {bIr h¡ Bg{b o àm‘m{UH$ h¡.Bgr àH$ma dMZm‘¥VH$m J«ÝW ^r g§dV² 1877 ‘mJ©erf© ewŠbm V¥Vr`m...Ho$ {XZ JdmZ² ñdm{‘Zmam`UZo ñd § XoIm... V~ 115 dMZm‘¥V g§H${bVWo... BZHo$ níMmX² d dMZm‘¥V ^r ^r BZ 115 H$s nÕ{Vgo àmßV hmoZogoBZH$m ^r gd©Vmo‘wI àm‘mÊ` ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘| h¡. ~pëH$VÎdkmZHo$ joÌ‘| {ejmnÌrgo ^r A{YH$ àm‘mÊ` h¡''(g‘m.nÌ.4.3.2).

‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ {OZ 115d| dMZm‘¥VHo$ ~mX Bgr nÕ{Vgo dMZm‘¥Vg§H${bV hmoZoH$s ~mV lr gm.lw.Or H$h aho h¢, CZ ~mXdmbo dMZm‘¥Vm|‘| hr{ejmnÌrgo {déÕ dMZ A{YH$ {‘bVo h¢. AV… ghO gå^d h¡ {H$ dhlrOr‘mhmamOHo$ AdbmoH$Z Z H$a nmZoHo$ H$maU g§H$bZH$mam|H$s ‘Z‘mZr Ny>Q>boZoHo$ H$maU hr hþdm hmoJm. Bg EH$ VÏ`H$mo Om§MZona hr AÝ` ^r {damoYlrOrHo$ AZdbmoH$ZHo$ n[aUm‘ Š`m| Zht ‘mZo Om gH$Vo? `{X lrghOmZÝXOrñdm‘rHo$ am‘mZwO gåàXm`Ho$ Xr{jV AZwJm‘r AZwJm‘r hmoZoH$s H$Wm Aàm‘m{UH$hmo Vmo dh ^r 115d| dMZm‘¥VHo$ ~mX AmVo dMZm‘¥V hmoZogo am‘mZwOgåàXm`H$sà{g{ÕH$m bm^ bo boZoH$mo hr g§H$bZH$mam|Ûmam à{jßV Š`m| Zht ‘mZ boZrMm{h o? Eogm ‘mZ H$a ^r Mb| na Bg‘| ~mYm EH$ hr {XIbm`r XoVr h¡ {H$V~ ñd`§Ho$ Aja~«÷Ym‘Ho$ ñdm‘r hmoZoHo$ ^r dMZm‘¥V gå^dV… 115d|dMZm‘¥VHo$ ~mX hr A{YH$ ‘wI[aV hþdo h¢ Am¡a BÝh| Aàm‘m{UH$ H$h nmZm A~Xw…eH$ ~Z J`m hmoZogo ‘m¡ZgodZ {H$`m Om ahm h¡ d¡go EH$ AË`ÝV ‘hÎdnyU©

VÏ` `h h¡ {H$ {OZ dMZm‘¥Vm|Ho$ ~mao‘| lr gm.lw.Or ""gd©Vmo‘wI àm‘mÊ`ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘| h¡. ~pëH$ VÎdkmZHo$ joÌ‘| {ejmnÌrgo ^rA{YH$ àm‘mÊ` h¡''(g‘m.nÌ.4.3.2) Eogm ~‹T>m-M‹T>m Xmdm àñVwV H$a ahoh¢ do dMZm‘¥V ñd § ""h‘mao Am{lV... H$mo h‘mar {bIr hþ r {ejmnÌrH$m {ZË`nmR> H$aZm Mm{h o. {Ogo n‹T>Zm Z AmVm hmo Cgo {ZË` {ejmnÌrH$m ldU H$aZmMm{h o. {Ogo CgH$m ldU H$aZoH$m `moJ Zht Amdo, Cgo à{V{XZ {ejmnÌrH$snyOm H$aZr Mm{h o. Bg àH$ma h‘Zo {ejmnÌr‘| ^r {bIm h¡. `{X {H$grH$mo BZVrZm| {Z`‘m|H$m nmbZ H$aZo‘| {d¿Z n‹S> Om o Cgo Vmo Cgo EH$ Cndmg H$a boZmMm{h o'' (dMZm.J.A§.1) m| {ejmnÌrH$s gdm©{Vem{`Vm BZ eãXm|‘| à{Vnm{XVH$a aho h¢. ‘wPo `h AdJV Zht {H$ Eogr gdm©{Vem{`Vm dMZm‘¥VH$s H$hm§Cn{Xï> hþ r h¡? Am¡a dh H$ht Cn{Xï> Z hmo Vmo `h ñd §‘| Bg VÏ`H$m à‘mUh¡ {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$m CZHo$ CnXoe‘| lÕmH$mH¡$gm H$éU õmg hþdm h¡

`Ú{n {ejmnÌr Am¡a dMZm‘¥V XmoZm|‘| hr lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r ñd §H$mam‘mZwOgåàXm`Ho$ AZwJm‘r hmoZm ^manyd©H$ Kmo{fV H$a aho h¢, {’$a^r lrgm.lw.Or AnZo g‘mYmZnÌ‘| Z Ho$db AZoH$ VWmH${WV gmåàXm{`H$ J«ÝWm|Ho$AmYmana ~pëH$ dMZm‘¥VH$s ^r H$moB© gÚmobãY àmMrZ() hñVà{VHo$ AmYmana^r lrOr‘hmamOHo$ am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm‘r hmoZoH$s H$WmH$mo Aàm‘m{UH$ ‘mZ aho h¢(Ñï>. : g‘m.nÌ.4.4-4.4.1).

`h `{X Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ` hmo Vmo {’$a ñd § lr gm.lw.OrH$s KmofUm {H$""dMZm‘¥VH$m àm‘mÊ` ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘| {Z…gpÝX½YV`m ñdrH¥$Vh¡... dMZm‘¥V‘| Aàm‘mÊ`H$m JÝY XoI|Jo V~ Vmo d¡îUd gåàXm`Ho$ ‘mÝ`^JdX²JrVm lr‘X² mJdV BË`m{X J«ÝW ^r Aàm‘m{UH$VmHo$ bú` ~ZOm |Jo... dMZm‘¥VHo$ gånmXH$ BVZo {Z…ñn¥h Am¡a àm‘m{UH$ Wo Bg{b oJ«ÝW {Z…gÝXoh àm‘m{UH$ hr h¡'' (g‘m.nÌ.4.3.2) Bg {dYmZH$mo Š`m{ZañV ‘mZ boZm? Š`m|{H$ Eogr pñW{V‘| `m Vmo lrghOmZÝXOrH$m AnZo-AmnH$mo am‘mZwOHo$ {eî`Ho$ ê$n‘| {~aXmZm Ho$db bmoH$àVmaUmW© {‘Ï`m^mfU{gÕ hmoJm. `m ‘Zwî`^mdmo{MV CZ‘| ^r {dñ‘¥{VerbVm {gÕ hmoJr. AWdm

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Jwéê$n am‘mZÝXñdm‘rH$mo am{ÌH$mbrZ ñdßZ Vmo {eî`ê$n lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$moŠ`m {XdmñdßZ XoIZoHo$ ‘mZ{gH$amoJH$m {eH$ma ‘mZZm? ‘wPo Vmo Eogr H$ënZmH$aZo‘| ^r AnamY~moY hmoVm h¡

‘¢Zo dMZm‘¥VH$s àm‘m{UH$VmHo$ ~mao‘| gÝXoh àH$Q> {H$`m Vmo dh ‘oam `{Xñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`H$s naånamHo$ ~mao‘| AkmZH$m àXe©Z hmo Vmo Š`m| lrgm.lw.Or ñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`Ho$ naånam{dX² hmoZona r ‘oar Vah hr dMZm‘¥VHo$àm‘mÊ`‘| gÝXoh H$a aho h¢? `{X dñVwV… Amf© J«ÝWmJma‘| CnbãY dMZm‘¥VH$sH$moB© àmMrZ hñVà{V CÝhm|Zo ImoO br h¡ Vmo Š`m CgHo$ AmYmana do CnbãYdMZm‘¥VHo$ H$bodaH$mo Aàm‘m{UH$ {gÕ H$a Zht aho h¢? Bgo gM ‘mZ H$a Mb|Vmo ^r ‘Z Vmo e§H$mHw$b hmo hr OmVm h¡ {H$ ^{dî`‘| Bggo ^r A{YH$ àm‘m{UH$H$moB© àmMrZ hñVà{V {H$gr AÝ` ImoOrH$mo {‘b Zht Om oJr BgH$s Š`m{ZpíM{V hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Cg àmMrZV‘ hñVà{V‘| Eogm ^r H$moB© CëboI H$ht{‘b Om o {H$ CnbãY gmaoHo$ gmao dMZm‘¥V lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ {eî`m|Zo ‘ZJ‹T>§V{bI {b o h¢. Eogm lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$m dMZm‘¥V {‘b Zht gH$Vm,BgH$s {ZpíM{V A~ H¡$go nmZr? AV… dMZm‘¥VH$s Bg AYwZmbãY {H$grhñV{bpIV à{VHo$ AmYmana Eogo àg§Jm|H$mo {‘Ï`mdMZ ‘mZZo n‹S>Vo hm| VmoàM{bV dMZm‘¥VJ«ÝWH$m àm‘mÊ` `m Vmo g§H$bZH$Vm©Am|Ho$ {‘Ï`m^mfUHo$Xmofde AWdm CÎmaH$mbrZ AZw{b{nH$mam|Ho$ {‘Ï`màjonHo$ Xmofde gpÝX½Y Vmo~Z hr Om oJm

AV… lr gm.lw.OrH$m ""`hm§ am‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ XrjmJwé am‘mZwOmMm ©Wo Eogr H$moB© ~mV Zht h¡'' (g‘m.nÌ.4.4) {dYmZ ^r gÝXohH$s n[a{Ygo ~mhaah Zht nmVm h¡. {H$pÄMV² Y¡ ©Ho$ gmW Bg {df`‘| `h {dMmaUr` ~ZVm h¡ {H$Š`m H$maU h¡ {H$ {dJV Xmo gmo dfm]go A{VàMm[aV "{ejmnÌr' Am¡a "dMZm‘¥V'J«ÝWm|H$s hr àmMrZ hñVàV A~ {‘bZr ewé hmo J`r h¢? BZ‘| BZ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|Ho$dV©‘mZ ñdê$n Am¡a A{^‘{V go n¥WH²$ ñdê$n Am¡a A{^‘{V {‘bZo bJr h¡.Š`m H$maU h¡ {H$ "JwéàgmX' "gËg§{JOrdZ' "gËg§{J yfU' "h[aM[aÌm‘¥VgmJa'"^ŠV{MÝVm‘{U' "h[abrbmH$ënVé' Am{X J«ÝW Omo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrHo${H$gr nyd©dVu `m {H$gr CÎmadVu gÝVm|Zo {bIo h¢, CZ‘| Omo ñd § lrOr‘hmamOZo

Omo H$hm-{bIm Cgo hr gwYmaZodmbr AWdm CZH$m AÝ`Wm Ame` {XIbmZodmbr{dYmZ {‘bZo bJo h¢ (Ñï>. : g‘m.nÌ.5.3) lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢ {H$""na‘h§gm|Ho$ J«ÝWm|H$s àH$meZ`moOZm‘| ^r {d{eï>mÛ¡Vr {dÛmZm|H$sghm`VmHo$ H$maU ^r {d{eï>mÛ¡VH$m ‘mhmËå` Á`mXm à{jßV hmo J`m''(g‘m.nÌ. "{d{eï>mÛ¡V A{^‘{V EH$ {eï>mMma' erf©H$). BgH$m ‘Vb~ EH$Vmo `h hmo gH$Vm lrOr‘hmamO Am¡a CZHo$ AZwJm{‘Am|Zo AnZo J«ÝW ñd § Z{bI H$a {d{eï>mÛ¡Vr {dÛmZm|H$mo ~wbm H$a {bIdmVo aho hm|Jo g§ñH¥$V^mfm{dX²Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU. AVEd do O~ {bI aho Wo V~ BVZr ^r gmdYmZr oAg§ñH¥$Vk ~aV Zht nm o {H$ o ^m‹Sz>Vr {dÛmZ² lrOr‘hmamOH$m ‘V {bI ahoh¢ `m ñd`§ lram‘mZwOmMm`©H$m BVZo {dídmgHo$ A{VaoH$Ho$ nrN>o ^r Ho$dblrOr‘hmamOH$s H$moB© Z H$moB© H$‹S>r {d{eï>mÛ¡{V`m|Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>r hmoZoHo$ VÏ`H$monwZ… COmJa H$a XoJr. AÝ`Wm AnZo gåàXm`‘| J«ÝWboIH$ {dÛmZm|Ho$ A^md‘|‘mÜd dmëb^ M¡VÝ` `m Z¡ m{`H$ Am{X {dÛmZm|H$mo ^r E§JoO Vmo {H$`m Om hrgH$Vm Wm d¡go gM‘wM‘| `{X am‘mZwO {dÛmZm| Ûmam g§ñH¥$V {bIdm o OmZoH$sAme§H$mH$mo gË` ‘mZVo h¢ Vmo lram‘mZwOmMm ©H$mo "gd©d¡îUdamO' Z H$h H$a‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ~mao‘| Eogo nXH$m à`moJ ^r {dMmaUr` ~Z OmVm h¡.

AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ AYwZmbãY J«ÝWm|Ho$ boIH$ {OZH$s ~amV‘| OwQ>o h¢,Cg daamOmHo$ JrV JmZoHo$ ~Om`, Cgo hr àm‘m{UH$ dMZHo$ CnXoeH$ hmoZoHo$Kmo‹S>onago ZrMo nQ>H$ H$a, AnZo dMZm|Ho$ àm‘m{UH$ hmoZoHo$ XmdoHo$ Kmo‹S>ona gdmahmo OmZm MmhVo h¢ BZ J«ÝWm|H$s H$moB© àmMrZ hñVàV Š`m| {‘b Zht ahr h¢?BgH$m ‘Vb~ ‘VàdV©H$ CnXoeH$Ho$ dMZm|H$s VwbZm‘| VËnyd©dVu `m VXwÎmadVu‘VmZwJm{‘`m|Ho$ dMZm|‘| A{YH$ {dídgZr`Vm AmYw{ZH$ ‘VmZwJm‘r ‘mZ aho h¢

{ZîH$f©V`m `h ñnï>rH$aU Xo XoZm ‘oao{b o C{MV hmoJm {H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`U‘V‘| VÎdÌ`r ‘mZr Om` `m VÎdnÄMH$ EVmdVm Bg {d‘e© Ûmam Omo ‘wÔm ‘¢CR>mZm MmhVm hÿ§ Cg‘| H$moB© AÝVa Zht n‹S>Vm. Š`m|{H$ ñd § {d{eï>mÛ¡VdoXmÝV‘|^r {g{ÕÌ`H$ma VÎdÌ`r ‘mZ H$a Mbo h¢. naÝVw lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$ ñd`§"Ý`m`{gÕmÄOZ' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| ""Aeof{MX{MËàH$ma§ ~«÷ EH$‘od VÎd‘²''(Ý`m.{g.OS>Ð.n[a.) O¡go à{Vnm{XV H$aVo h¢ d¡go hr "VÎd‘wŠVmH$bmn' Zm‘H$

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J«ÝW‘| ""H$Ðì`mI@Ðì`à oXmX² {‘V‘² C^`{dY… VX²{dXg² VÎd‘² Amhþ….Ðì § ÛoYm {d^ŠV§ H$-1OS>‘² H$-2AOS>‘² B{V. àmÀ`‘² H$-1/A-AmAì`ŠVH$mbm¡,AÝË § H$-2/AàË`H²$ H$-2/AmnamH²$ M. àW‘‘² C^`Ym VÌ H$-2/A/1-2Ordoe oXmV².H$-2Am-1{ZË`m y{V… H$-2/Am-2‘{V… M B{V Ana‘² Bh OS>m‘² Am{X‘m§ Ho${MX²Amhþ…'' (VÎd‘w.1&6) `m| gßV{dY VÎdm|H$s n[aJUZm ^r H$aVo h¢. AV…ñdm{‘Zmam`U-gåàXm` ^r CZHo$ AZwJm‘r hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX nÄM{dY VÎd-

H$-1/AAì`ŠV=‘m`m, """‘m`m'-"@{dÚm'{XeãX¡… àH¥${V…A{^‘Vm'' (VÎd‘w.3&41) VwbZr` ""lrOr‘hmamO~mobo {H$O~ Ord, OJV²Ho$ H$maUr yV nwéf àH¥${V H$mb... VÎdm|H$moOmZ boVm h¡... ‘wŠV hmo OmVm h¡'' (dMZm.J.à.11).

H$-2/A-1Ord, ""‘wŠVm ¡ X ohmÚ^mdo ‘ wH w ${bV{df`m oOjXm{XàdmX… VËgÎdo M Aearalw{V{dh{V… AV… H$m{M{H$Ëgm B{V MoV ² Z, BÀN>mV… ñ`mX² AdñWmÛ`‘²C^`{dYlwË`~mYmX² {d‘wŠVm¡ H$‘m©`Îm¡… {d`moJ… na‘² BhH${WV… Vñ` Xodmon‘ñ`'' (VÎd‘w.2&62) VwbZr` ""O~ BgOrdHo$ AkmZH$s {Zd¥{Îm… hmo OmVr h¡ V~ BgH$m VrZm| ‘m{`H$XohHo$ gmW g§J Ny>Q> OmVm h¡ ~mX‘| h Ord Ho$db M¡VÝ`gÎmm^mdah OmVm h¡. BgHo$ níMmV² ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>mgo hr Bg OrdHo${b o JdmZ²H$s y{‘ Am{X AmR> àH¥${Vgo {^ÝZ M¡VÝ`àH¥${VOÝ`XohH$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡. Cg Xohgo wŠV hmo H$a dh ^JdmZ²Ho$Ym‘‘| ahVm h¡'' (dMZm.J.‘.66).

H$-2/AmB©e=nwéfmoÎm‘+B©ída, ""`wpŠV… àíZmoÎmamXo… Z{hnwéf{^Xm§ ~w{Õ oX§ M ‘wŠËdm Vñ‘mX² ì yhm{X oXo H${VMZnwéfm…ñ`w… naoU AZw~Õm… VÝZ; ñdÀN>ÝXbrb… ñd`‘² A{^Z`{VñdmÝ`Vm§ gd©doXr...'' (VÎd‘w.3&74) VwbZr` ""O~ lrH¥$îU^JdmZ² AOw ©ZH$s à{Vkm nyU© H$aZ oH$m o... ‘m`mHo$AÝYH$maH$mo... Xya H$a y‘mnwéfgo ~«m÷UHo$ nwÌH$mo bo Am o.

lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ² {Xì`‘y{V©‘mZ² Wo... ^JdmZ²H$s ‘y{V©Ho$ àVmngo‘m{`H$ nXmW© ^r A‘m{`H$ ~Z J o. ^JdmZ²Ho$ Eogo ñdê$nH$mo‘yI© nwéf ‘m{`H$ g‘PVm h¡. O~{H$ EH$mpÝVH$ gÝV JdmZ²H$s‘y{V©H$mo jamVrV VWm ‘y{V©‘mZ nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$mo ~«÷ê$nAZÝVH$mo{Q>‘wŠVm| VWm ~«÷Ym‘ H$s AmË‘m ‘mZVm h¡''(dMZm.J.à.66).

H$-2/Am-1{ZË` y{V={ZË`mjaYm‘ ""Vñ` AàmH¥$VËd‘² AmhñWmZ‘² B{V ly Vo "VX² {dîUmo… na‘§ nX§ ní`pÝV gya`…' VX² BX§gXm ní`Ëgy[a{d{eï>ñWmZ{dYmZmW©‘² B{V doXmW©g§J«h oñWm{nV‘²'' (VÎd‘w.3&61), ""XemoÎmam{YH¡$…`Ì à{dï>…na‘mUwdV² bú`Vo AÝVJ©V… M AÝ o H$mo{Q>emo AÊS>ame`… VX²Amhþ… "Aja§ ~«÷' gd©H$maUH$maU§ {dîUmo… Ym‘ na§ gmjmV²nwéfñ` ‘hmË‘Z…=AÌ ‘ybàH¥$Vm¡ à{dï>… na‘mUw… Ñí`VoEd§{dY… M AÝ`o AÊS>ame`mo H$mo{Q>e… à{dï>m… na‘mUwdX²Ñí`ÝVo. gd}fm§ H$maUmZm§ ‘hXmXrZm‘{n H$maU§ ‘yb§ àYmZ§‘hmË‘Z… nwéfñ` {dîUmo… Ym‘=eara‘² Amhþ…, "`ñ` Aì`ŠV§eara‘²' B{V lwVo…. Ed§ ... na‘mË‘Z… H$W§ H$mb… à w… ñ`mX²?B{V Ame`…'' (^mJ.draamK.3&11&40-41) VwbZr`""^JdmZ²H$m Ym‘ gZmVZ {ZË` AàmH¥$V gpÀMXmZÝX AZÝVVWm AIÊS> h¡'' (dMZm.J.à.12).

H$-2/Am-2‘{VHo$ ~mao‘| Vmo lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$ ^r AnZo EH$XoerHo$‘VHo$ AZwgma O‹S> hmoZoH$s ~mV H$h ah h¢ gmo dhm§ `m Ord‘| ^rAÝV^m©d eŠ` h¡. gmVd| IAÐì`Ho$ AÝVJ©V Vmo AdJuH¥$V Ðì`Ho$JwUY‘m]H$s hr JUZm H$s J`r hmoZogo Ðì`m|Ho$ {Ì{dY oXm|‘| AÝV^m©deŠ`h¡hr.

Bg Vah XoIZona ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` VÎdnÄMH$dmXr doXmÝVH$m VÎdgßVH$dmXram‘mZwOr` doXmÝV‘| ^r AÝV^m©d gwIoZ gmoMm Om gH$Vm hmoZogo VÎdnÄMH$H$m

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ñdrH$ma ^r Š`m| eŠ` Zht? Adí` {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. {ddmX `hm§ Zht h¡.Bg gmao {df`{ddoMZ Ûmam ‘wPo Omo {d{M{H$pËgV h¡, dh Vmo Ho$db BVZm hrh¡ {H$ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ Zm‘na à{gÕ J«ÝWm|‘| EH$dmŠ`VmH$m à{Vð>mnH$H$moB© ì`m»`memñÌr` àm‘m{UH$ {ZH$f ImoOZm Amdí`H$ h¡. AÝ`WmgwÝXmongwÝXÝ`m oZ XmoZm| hr J«ÝWm|H$m àm‘mÊ` gpÝX½Y ~Z Om oJm.

Š`m|{H$ lr gm.lw.OrHo$ Eogo A{ZUm© H$ g‘mYmZnÌHo$ ~mX A~ `h Am¡aA{YH$ {Okmñ` ~Z J`m h¡ {H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`UnÝW‘| gmåàXm{`H$ J«ÝWm|H$màm‘mÊ` lrOr‘mhmamOÛmam Kmo{fV 1""gÀN>mñÌmUm§ g‘wÕ¥Ë` gd}fm§ gma‘²AmË‘Zm nÌr B § {bpIVm'' ({ejmn.204) {dYmZHo$ AZwgma à‘mUV`mgH$b{eï>mÑV lwË`m{XemñÌm|na Adbpå~V h¡? AWdm 2""gmåàXm{`H$J«ÝWoä`moko … EfmÝVw {dñVa…'' ({ejmn.204) {dYmZHo$ AZwgma Ho$db {ejmnÌr Am¡adMZm‘¥V-gËg§{JOrdZ Am{X J«ÝWm|Ho$ gma-{dñVmaê$n AWdm Amééjw-Amê$‹T> oX{^ÝZ gmYmaUmonXoe-ahñ`monXoeê$n AÝ`moÝ`m{lV àm‘mÊ` h¡? `{XàW‘ H$ën ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vm o doXm on{ZfX²JrVm^mJdVmoŠV lrH¥$îUHo$Aja~«÷Ym‘m{Yn{V hmoZoHo$ VÏ`go {déÕ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ AdVma hmoZoH$sH$Wm ñd‘ybmoÀN>o{XH$m hmoZogo Aàm‘m{UH$ {gÕ hmoJr. {X {ÛVr` H$ën ñdrH$maVoh¢ Vmo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ ‘ybdMZ VWm CZHo$ {eî`m|Ho$ ahñ`ñ’$moQ>H$ dMZm|‘|nañna {damoYm^mgH$m n[ahma ‘ybdMZm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$ J«hU H$aZmAWdm ‘ybdMZm|Ho$ ñdma{gH$ AW©H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$? AWdm CZHo$ ^ŠVm|Zo CZHo$dMZm|H$m namojê$noU {dd{jV Omo Hw$N> VmËn © g‘Pm VXZwgma H$aZm? BgVahH$s {H$å~moÕì`{d‘y‹T>Vm ‘wPo gVm ahr h¡. lr gm.lw.Or Vmo lw{VH$ënlrOrdMZ Am¡a ñ‘¥{VH$ën CZHo$ gËg§{JAm|Ho$ dMZ‘| Ohm§ ^r {damoY `m{damoYm^mg PbH$Vm h¡ dhm§ ""ñ‘¥{Vaod ~br`gr'' AmXe©H$m AZwgaU {H$ggr‘m VH$ H$a aho h¢, `h A~ AmZodmbo {Zê$nU‘| h‘ XoIZoH$m à`mg H$a|Jo.

`hm§ `h nwZ… CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {ejmnÌrHo$ íbmoH$m|H$s g§»`m,dMZm‘¥Vm|H$s g§»`m, CZHo$ boIZH$mb, CZHo$ g§H$bZH$mam|H$s g§»`mHo$ ~mao‘|Bg naånam‘| {‘bVo AmÝV[aH$ ‘V oX Mmho g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Ñ{ï>go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU©Z^r hm| na Eo{Vh² H$s ÑpîQ>go ‘ZH$mo e§H$mHw$b Vmo ~ZmVo hr h¢. Š`m|{H$ `{X

g§H$bZH$mam|Ho$ ~rM hr ñd § AnZo ~mao‘| {ddmX hmo {H$ o dMZm‘¥V h‘ Mma-‘wŠVmZÝX JmonmbmZÝX {ZË`mZÝX Am¡a ewH$‘w{Z-Zo g§H${bV {H$ o `m ~«÷mZÝX^r h‘mao gmWr Wo Vmo {dídmg H¡$go {H$`m Om o {H$ BÝht ì`pŠVAm|Zo g§H${bV{H$ o `m BZHo$ Zm‘go AÝ` {H$grZo g§H${bV `m g§H$pënV H$a {b o h¢. `Ú{nBg Eo{Vh² JV {dg§dm{XVmH$m {gÕmÝVgo Hw$N> boZm-XoZm Zht. {’$a^r J«ÝWHo${dídZr` gyÌm|Ûmam g§H${bV hmoZo `m Z-hmoZo H$m {gÕmÝVna ^r Hw$N> Z Hw$N>Aga Vmo ‘mZZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡. {deof‘| V~ {H$ O~ dh ñdhñVmjambopIV{ejmnÌrHo$ dMZm|Ho$ gmW hr Zht A{nVw Cggo g§dmX aIZodmbo dMZm‘¥Vm|Ho$^rVa ^r EH$ dMZHo$ ^r ñdma{gH$ AW©go AÝ` dMZ {déÕ OmVm hmo Am¡aImg H$a V~ {H$ O~ Bgo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ ^ŠVm|Ûmam {bIo {dYmZm|Ho$AmYmana hr Ho$db ñdrH$aUr` ‘mZ {b`m OmVm hmo.

AV… g‘mYmZ àXmZ H$aZoH$s Bg {Xem‘| à`mg H$aZoHo$ ~Om` lrgm.lw.Or ‘mZm| ñd § d¡îUd Z hm| Eogr ‘wÐm AnZm H$a O~ {d^r{fH$m {XImVoh¢ {H$ ""dMZm‘¥V‘| Aàm‘mÊ`H$m JÝY XoI|Jo V~ Vmo d¡îUd gåàXm`Ho$‘mÝ` ^JdX²JrVm lr‘X²^mJdV BË`m{X J«ÝW ^r Aàm{UH$VmHo$ bú`~Z Om |Jo'' (`Wmnydm}ŠV) Vmo Eogr {d^r{fH$mgo ñd § lr gm.lw.Or hr h‘|ÌmUmonm` {XIm | Š`m|{H$ `{X gmaoHo$ gmao d¡îUdemñÌ Aàm‘m{UH$ hmo Om |Jo,Vmo Š`m lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$mo A{Ve` à‘mUV`m AmÑV gÀN>mñÌ ^rAgÀN>mñÌ {gÕ Zht hmo Om |Jo? AV… H$moB© Z H$moB© g‘mYmZ Vmo lr gm.lw.OrH$mo^r ImoOZm hr n‹S>oJm. dh Ho$db h‘mam hr CÎmaXm{`Ëd hmo Eogr ~mV Vmo Zht.CZH$m ^r Hw$N> CÎmaXm{`Ëd h¡ hr. gmo Omo g‘mYmZ do ImoO| dh h‘| ^r ~VmX| h‘ ^r CZH$m ImoOm g‘mYmZ gwZ H$a CZHo$ H¥$Vk ~Z Om |Jo Am¡a Vmo Bg~mao‘| Š`m H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡? d¡go `h Vmo Eogr ~mV H$h Xr h¡ {H$ {H$grHo$eara‘| JaXZ `m nrR> na H$moB© Jm§R> C^a Am o; Am¡a H$moB© eë`{M{H$ËgH$ CgoH$mQ> XoZoH$s gbmh XoVm hmo; Am¡a V~ eara{dkmZ‘| {ZVmÝV AZ{^k n[admaHo$ñZohr OZ A{Zï>e§H$mHo$ H$maU Eogm H$h| {H$ ""JaXZ `m nrR> H$s Jm§R> H$mQ>ZoH$s~mV H$aZona Vmo {~‘maHo$ gmao earaH$mo ^r H$mQ>m Om gHo$Jm''

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h‘| ybZm Zht Mm{h o {H$ d¡îUdemñÌm|H$m àm‘mÊ` d¡îUddoXmÝVHo$ g^rgåàXm`m|H$m à{VVÝÌ{gÕmÝV h¡. O~{H$ VÎmV² gåàXm`Ho$ gmYmaUJ«ÝW `mahñ`J«ÝW EH$XoerHo$ A{YH$aU{gÕmÝV hmoVo h¢, g‘mZVÝÌ{gÕmÝV Zht. AV…dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ {Z~ÝY fmoS>eJ«ÝW Am{X J«ÝWm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ ~mao‘| H$moB©e§H$m `m Amjon H$aZo bJo Vmo VmdVm doX JrVm ~«÷gyÌ ^mJdV ‘hm^maV `mnmÄMamÌ Am{X d¡îUdemñÌm|H$m àm‘mÊ` gpÝX½Y `m {ZañV Zht hmo OmVm.

(6.""‘V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ ‘o'', ""^mî`‘² AmÜ`mpË‘H§$ ‘‘'' VWm {d{e.-ñdm.Zm.Xe©Zm|‘o gmå`-d¡få` H$s g‘rjm)

g‘mYmZnÌ(Ho$ IÊS> : 4.4, 4.4.1)‘| ""ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`H$s nyd©Jwénaånam'' erf©H$Ho$ AÝVJ©V lrOr‘hmamOgo nyd©dVu ì`pŠV Am¡a J«ÝWm| Ho$CÕaUm|Ûmam ñd § am‘mZÝXñdm‘rZo am‘mZwOgåàXm`H$mo Ë`mJ {X`m Wm Eogm ^rEH$ d¥VmÝV {X`m h¡ Am¡a gmW hr gmW am‘mZwOgåàXm`‘| {eî` hþdo hr ZhtŠ`m|{H$ lrH¥$îU^pŠVH$s naånam‘| hr do Xr{jV Wo Eogm Xygam d¥ÎmmÝV ^r. `m|Xmo nañna {damoYm^mgr Eo{Vh² {X o h¢. A~ BZ d¥ÎmmÝVm|H$mo àm‘m{UH$ ^r ‘mZboVo h¢ Vmo AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Ho$ na‘oída VWm gd©k lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$moŠ`m BZ d¥ÎmmÝVm|go AZ{^k ‘mZZm? `m am‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ am‘mZwOHo$ {eî`hmoZoH$s ñdrH¥${VH$mo Š`m {‘Ï`mkmZ‘ybH$ ‘mZZm? AWdm {eî ofUmHo$ A{VaoH$delrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$mo g~ Hw$N> OmZVo hþdo ^r Š`m H$nQ>dMZHo$ à`moJH$aZodmbo ‘mZZm? Cg {díddÝÚ nwéfH$mo BZ VrZm|‘|go Eogm Hw$N> ^r ‘mZZoH$mo‘oam öX` Vmo Jdmhr Zht XoVm !

AV… Bg {df`‘| ‘wPo Bggo A{YH$ Hw$N> ^r {dd{jV Zht. A~ BgHo$ ~mXAmVr h¡ ""‘V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ ‘o'' {dYmZH$s lr gm.lw.Or. Ûmam Xr OmVrì`m»`mH$s ~mV. `hm§ lr gm.lw.Or BVaoVa{Zanoj VrZ {dH$ën àñVm{dV H$aVoh¢ : 1."‘V§' nXH$m A{^àm` gdmªe‘| am‘mZwOr` {d{eï>mÛ¡VHo$ ñdrH$m © `mAZwgaUr` hmoZoHo$ ~Om` Cg ‘VHo$ {H$gr nj{deofHo$ à{V {deofé{MHo$ ê$n‘|boZm, 2.{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXmoŠV earaear[a^mdH$s à{H«$`m VÎdnÄMH$Ho$ gÝX ©‘|‘mÝ` hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| boZr, 3.{d{eï>mÛ¡{V`m|H$mo Vmo JmobmoH$ ‘mÝ` Zht Omo Bgr

íbmoH$Ho$ AJbo nmX‘| CpëbpIV h¡. AV… `ht `h {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$gdmªe‘| {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$mo ‘mÝ` Zht h¡.

1.H$ënHo$ ~mao‘| o àíZ CR>Vo h¢ : lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$mo gÀN>mñÌV`mA{^‘V emaraH$emñÌ Am¡a ^JdX²JrVm na lram‘mZwOmMm ©H¥$V ^mî`m|‘| Am¡aVËà{VnmÚ {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX‘| é{M BZ ^mî` Am¡a VËà{Vnm{XV {gÕmÝV Ho$àm‘m{UH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU h¡ `m CÝh| Aàm‘m{UH$ ‘mZ H$a ^r? àW‘ H$ën‘|lram‘mZwOmMm © Ûmam ì`m»`mV {gÕmÝV AZwëb§¿` ~Z Om oJm. {ÛVr` H$ën‘|""H$ht Aàm‘m{UH$ Vmo H$ht àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZ H$a é{M h¡'' Eogm ‘mZ boZona `hAmdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {Og A§e‘| CÝh| AmË‘ñdrH¥$V àm‘mÊ`go ~§YZm h¡CgHo$ ~mao‘| ñd § CZHo$ Ûmam {X o J o ñnï>rH$aUH$mo hr {d{ZJ‘H$ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm,`Ûm-VÛm g‘PH$mo Zht. O¡go{H$ ""EVofw `m{Z dmŠ`m{Z, lrH¥$îUñ` d¥fñ` MCËH$f©nam{U ñ w… VWm pŠV{damJ`mo…, ‘ÝVì`m{Z àYmZm{Z VmÝ od BVadmŠ`V….Y‘}U g{hVm H¥$îU^pŠV… H$m`m© B{V VX²ah…'' ({ejmn.101-102) Bgo hr{d{ZJ‘H$ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. dh ‘mZZona Vmo lrH¥$îUH$s ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm`m}n{Xï>^pŠVH$s ar{Vgo {déÕ OmZodmbo {deofV… 115d| dMZm‘¥Vm|Ho$ ~mXHo$ AZdbmo{H$VdMZm‘¥Vm|‘| namojd¥{ÎmHo$ ê$n {eî`m|Ûmam ‘mZ {b o J o ‘ZJK‹S>§V ahñ`m|Ho$AmYmana A§eVmo-Aàm‘mÊ` {ZYm©[aV Zht hmo nm oJm. Š`m|{H$ Eogm H$aZona Vmo""‘V§ {d{eï>mÛ¡V§ ‘o''-""am‘mZwOmMm ©H¥$V§ ^mî`‘² AmÜ`mpË‘H§$(emņ̃)‘‘'' ({ejmn.121-100) dMZm|H$m àm‘mÊ` {ZadH$me hr hmo Om oJm. EogrpñW{V‘| ""gmdH$me{ZadH$me`mo… {ZadH$memo ~br`mZ²'' Ý`m`oZ nwZ… BÝhtdMZm|H$m ~bdÎmaàm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

2.H$ënHo$ ~mao‘| `h H$WZr` h¡ {H$ VÎdÌ`r ‘mZm| `m VÎdn§MH$ ‘mZm|,{H$gr ^r gyaV‘| CZ AÜ`mË‘emñÌ(ÑîQ>. : {ejmn.100)Ho$ {df`ê$n(Ñï>. :dMZm.J.n.7) "B©eOrd‘m`m'/"nwéfmoÎm‘mjaoídaOrd‘m`m' VÎdm|H$mñdê$n emaraH$gyÌ-^JdX²JrVmHo$ ^mî`m|‘| lram‘mZwOm`©Ûmam à{Vnm{XV BZVÎdm|Ho$ ñdê$ngo {déÕ hmoZona àm‘m{UH$V`m ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nm oJm. ñd § CZHo$""am‘mZwOñdm‘rZo {Og àH$ma ja-Ajago nao nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$m{Zê$nU {H$`m h¡, CZ nwéfmoÎm‘ JdmZ²H$s Vmo h‘ CnmgZm H$aVo h¢ (AWm©V²

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h‘ ñd § nwéfmoÎm‘ Zht h¢) Jmo{n`m|Ho$ g‘mZ CZ nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$s h‘^r ^pŠV H$aVo h¢'' (dMZm.bmo.14) gÑe dMZm‘¥V ^r AZwgÝYo ~ZVo h¢.AV… EVX{damoYoZ Vmo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ hr Zht àË wV lrlw{VàH$meXmgOrHo$^r AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Ho$ AmYma^yV AjaYm‘Ho$ ñdm‘r hmoZoH$m {dYmZ ^r‘mZZo‘| {H$grH$mo Amn{Îm hmo Zht gH$Vr. AÝ`Wm bú‘r-Zmam`U `m amYmH¥$îUH$s naVÎdVmHo$ àË`m»`mZnyd©H$ lrghOmZÝX-JwUmVrVmZÝXOrHo$ naVÎd hmoZoH$mH$mobmhb H$Xm{n àm‘m{UH$ hmo Zht nm oJm, `{X {ejmnÌrH$mo hr Aàm‘m{UH$Kmo{fV H$a XoZoH$m Xw…gmhg Z àH$Q> H$aZm hmo Vmo

3.H$ën‘| lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢ {H$ {ejmnÌrHo$ ^mî`H$maHo$ AZwgmagmH$ma~«÷H$m g‘rMrZ à{VnmXZ Š`m|{H$ am‘mZwOr`^mî`‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡;AV… CVZm hr A§e ‘mÝ` h¡, gdmªe‘| Zht. Bg ~mao‘| `h H$hZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$Eogm {dYmZ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` gåàXm`‘| lr gm.lw.Or ñd § dXVmoì`mKmVHo${~Zm H$a Zht nm |Jo. Š`m|{H$ ""dMZm‘¥V‘| Aàm‘mÊ`H$m JÝY XoI|Jo V~Vmo...'' ~‹S>r {dnXmH$s {d^r{fH$m do ñd § àH$Q> MwHo$ h¢ Am¡a Am¡a h‘ OmZVoh¢ {H$ "CÕdgåàXm`'erf©H$dmbo dMZm‘¥V(d.18)‘| Adí`m§JrH$aUr` nm§M‘|goXygar ~mVHo$ ê$n‘| lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r AnZr am‘mZwOmZwJm{‘VmHo$ ahñ`na na^ma Xo ah| h¢. AV… Xmo‘|go {H$gr EH$H$m àm‘mÊ` Vmo N>mo‹S>Zm hr n‹S>oJm. nwZíMBg A§eH$mo dMZm‘¥V‘| à{jßV ^r ‘mZ b| V~ ^r `WmonbãY dMZm‘¥Vm|Ho$àm‘mÊ`H$m Ë`mJ Vmo Jbon{VV hr ahoJm.

ahr ~mV am‘mZwO^mî`‘| CnbãY hmoVo {ejmnÌr{déÕ {dYmZm|Ho$ {d‘e©H$sVmo ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$mo A§JrH$aUr` àm‘mÊ`n[a{Y {Og bú‘UaoImHo$^rVa CÝhm|Zo {XIbm`r h¡, Cggo ~mha OmZona Vmo {ejmnÌrH$s àm‘m{UH$VmH$sgrVmH$mo ^r Aàm‘mÊ`gÝXohê$nr amdU ha boJm ^mJdVnwamUna am‘mZwOm|H$sQ>rH$m {‘bVr h¡ Am¡a ^mJdV(10&27&1)‘| JmobmoH$H$m CëboI ^r h¡ hr. gmWhr gmW ñd § lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Zo ^r Ho$db {dîUwnwamUH$m hr àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maVohm| Eogr ~mV ^r Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ CÝhm|Zo Vmo Bg {df`‘| CÝh| ‘mÝ` {ZH$f ""Z{hnwamUm{Xfw àYmZmW©{damoYmo ^y`mZ². lwË`wŠV‘od AZwgapÝV gÎdmoÎmam{UnwamUmXr{Z.'' (VÎd‘w.4&120) `m| ~hþdMZHo$ à`moJnyd©H$ ñnï> n[a^m{fV

H$a hr aIm h¡. lr‘X² mJdV gmpÎdH$ nwamUmÝV©JV n[aJ{UV hmoZogo CpëbpIV{ZH$fna Iam ^r CVaVm hr h¡. AV… lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$ ^mJdVnwamU `m JmobmoH$H$s àm‘m{UH$VmH$mo Š`m| Zht ‘mZ|Jo? VÎd‘wŠVmH$bmn (3&74) ~bam‘H¥$îUH$s^mJdVd{U©V brbmH$m CëboI H$aVo hr h¢. lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¢ {H$ am‘mZwOr`^mî`‘| newqhgmË‘H$ `km|H$s AZw‘{V {Ogo {ejmnÌr‘| {Z{fÕ ‘mZm J`m h¡,AV… lrOr‘hmamOH$mo am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm‘r ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. `h Vmo ""Am‘«mZ²n¥ï>o H$mo{dXmamZ² ì`mMï>o'' O¡gr H$Wm hmo J`r. lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r AnZo Ûmamgwn[a^m{fV AW©‘| am‘mZwO^mî`moŠV AmÜ`mpË‘H$ nXmW© B©ída Ord Am¡a ‘m`mHo$ ~mao‘| {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXH$mo AnZm ‘V ~Vm aho h¢. lr gm.lw.Or newqhgmHo${ZfoYH$mo hoVwV`m àñVwV H$a Cgo BÝH$maZm MmhVo h¢. qH$ Ho$Z gå~Ü`Vo? H$hmOmVm h¡ {H$ ""XodVmoÔoeoZ Ðì`Ë`mJ… `mJ…'' VXZwgma `OZ{H«$`mHo$ H$‘©ê$nnewH$s qhgmHo$ ~mao‘| BVZr nmnnwÊ`Ho$ {ddoH$H$s {MÝVm H$aZr na""XmZd«VVnmohmo‘OnñdmÜ`m`g§`‘¡… lo`mo{^… {d{dY¡… M AÝ`¡… H¥$îUo^pŠV… {h gmÜ`Vo'' (^mJ.nwam.10&47&24) dMZmoŠV gmao `km{X Y‘m]Ho$EH$‘mÌ gåàXmZ yV VWm lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ ^r Cnmñ` Bï>Xod ^JdmZ²nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îUH$s naVÎdVmHo$ AñdrH$ma Ûmam CZH$s H$s OmVr qhgmH$s{MÝVm Š`m| Zht gVmVr

lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r gwñnï> eãXm|‘| ""`mkdëŠ`ñ` M ñ‘¥{V... Y‘m}ko`… gXmMma… lw{Vñ‘¥Ë`wnnm{XV…'' ({ejmn.99-103) H$hVo h¢. A~`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{V‘| Vmo ""‘oXgm Vn© oX² XodmZ²... AÝdh§ epŠVVmo {ÛO…''-""àmUmË` o VWm lmÕo àmo{jV§ {ÛOH$må``m XodmZ² {nV¦Z² VWm Aä`À ©ImXZ² ‘m§g§ Z Xmof^mH²$'' (`mkd.ñ‘¥.AmMmamÜ`m o : 2&47-7&178) EogrAmkm-AZwkm XmoZm| {‘bVr hr h¢. Vmo Š`m ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`‘| Bg{damoYm^mgHo$ ~hmZo `mkdëŠ`mon{Xï> gH$b Y‘m]H$mo AZZwgaUr` ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡? Š`m ~«÷Mmar gmYw `m na‘h§g {ddmh H$a gH$Vo h¢? Š`m|{H$""~«÷M ©d«VË`mJna§ dmŠ § Jwamoa{n V¡… Z ‘mÝ`‘²''-""Z àdo{eVì`m Mñdmdmgo ñÌr H$XmMZ'' ({ejmn.180-190) {ZfoY ^r `mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{VHo$" " ‘ Y w ‘ m § g m Ä O Z m o p À N > ï > e w Š V ñ Ì r à m { U q h g Z §^mñH$ambmoH$Zmíbrbn[admXmZ² M dO©`oV²'' (`mkd.ñ‘¥.AmMmamÜ`m`o :

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2&30) dMZna AmYm[aV h¡. Vmo `mkdëŠ`mon{Xï> ‘m§g^jUHo$ {ZfoYÛmam Š`mlrOr‘hmamOZo ~«÷M ©Ho$ dMZH$m ~ÝYZ ^r A‘mÝ` H$a {X`m h¡ Š`m? Š`mEogm `wpŠVdmX eŠ` h¡? `{X Zht Vmo Cgr Vah B©ída Ord ‘m`m ê$nrAmÜ`mpË‘H$ VÎdm|H$m ñdê$n am‘mZwOr` ~«÷gyÌ^JdX²JrVm^mî`m|‘| à{Vnm{XVar{VHo$ AZwgma Am¡Ëg{J©H$ ê$noU ñdrH$ma H$aZm hr n‹S>oJm. Cg na~«÷ na‘mË‘m^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘ dmgwXod lrH¥$îUH$s godm^pŠV ^r AndmXê$noU ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm ©{Z{X©ï> ar{Vgo lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrZo {Z`V ~Zm Xr h¡. BZ~mVm|H$mo Ho$db é{MàXe©ZH$m Jm¡UH$ën Zht ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm.

VX²dV² hr XodmamYmZmW© newqhgm `m ‘m§g^jU ^r `mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{V ÛmamAZw‘mo{XV hmoZona ^r ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © Ûmam ""Ed§ {H«$`m`moJmo d¡{XH$mo`kmË‘H$… àeñV…=Vofw ~«m÷UdmŠ`m{Z A{Vàe§gH$m{Z ^dpÝV. ZVwÛmXemhrZdV²(!?) {ZpÝXVmÝ`{n ^dpÝV. VÌm{n qhgmàMwa§ Z H$V©ì`‘².Aënqhgm BÜ‘m~{h©fm‘² AW}. Ambå o@{n VmÑŠnewgX² mdo Aënqhgm^d{V "‘¥Ë`do dm Ef Zr`Vo' B{V lwVo…. AVmo Zm{VqhòoU B{V CŠV‘²''(gw~mo.3&29&15) `m| A{YH$m[a oXde H$‘©‘mJu` A{VqhòH$‘m]H$m lw{V{d{hV^r AZwð>mZ ^pŠV‘mJu` A{YH$marH$mo CËgJ©V… àmßV hmoZm Mm{h o Wm naÝVw^mJdVnwamU Cgo H$‘©‘mJ©‘| AZwkßV ‘mZ H$a ^r ^pŠV‘| lo ñH$a Zht ‘mZVm.AV… AndmXê$noU AàgŠV R>hamVm h¡. Eogm ‘hmà wZo ñnï>rH$aU {X`m h¡. Bgr‘mJ©Xe©ZHo$ AZwgma lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r ^r doXàm‘mÊ`Ho$ {dbmonZ {H$ o {~ZmAnZo ^pŠV‘mJu` gåàXm`‘| ""XodVm{nV¥ mJmW©‘{n AOmXo… M qhgZ§ ZH$V©ì`‘² Aqhg¡d Y‘©… àmoŠVmo ApñV `X² ‘hmZ²'' ({ejmn.12) dMZ Ûmam`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{VHo$ ""‘hmoj§ dm ‘hmO§ dm lmo{Ì`m` CnH$ën oV² gpËH«$`mgodZ§ ñdmXw ^moOZ§...'' (`mkd.ñ‘¥.AmMmamÜ`m o : 5&108) Ho$ Bg dMZgoàgŠVH$m ^r à{VfoY H$a aho h¢, AàgŠVH$m Vmo à{VfoY AH$ënZr` hr hmoVmh¡.

am‘mZwOr` Amëdma gÝV lrnaH$mbgy[aHo$ M[aÌH$m àíZ CR>m`m J`m h¡.{ejmnÌr‘| Cn{Xï> gmV {ZfoYm|Ho$ AmYmana CZHo$ AmMaUH$mo {Z{fÕ H¥$Ë` ‘mZH$a CÝh| Jwénaånam‘| Z ñdrH$maZoH$s g‘ñ`m I‹S>r H$s J`r h¡. Vmo Bg ~mao‘| ‘wPo

bJVm h¡ {H$ ñd § lr gm.lw.OrHo$ AZwgma {ejmnÌr gmYmaUY‘m}nXoenaH$J«ÝW h¡, ahñ`ê$n Y‘©H$m CXoeH$ Zht. Eogr pñW{V‘| lrnaH$mbgy[aHo$ M[aÌH$mogmYmaUY‘©go {dnarV hmoZona ^r ahñ`ê$nY‘©H$s H$gm¡Q>rna H$gZm Mm{h o Wm.dMZm‘¥V‘| H$hm hr h¡ {H$ ""`Ú{n AO©wZZo wÕ‘| AZoH$ qhgmË‘H$ H$m ©{H$`o {’$a^r do ‘Z‘| boe‘mÌ jwãY Zht hþdo Š`m|{H$ CÝh| ^JdmZ²Ho$Aml`H$m g§~b Wm''-""Omo nwéf ñdê$n{Zð>m aIVm h¡ CgH$s Y‘©{Zð>m^r ghO^mdgo ~Zr ahVr h¡. `{X CgZo EH$‘mÌ Y‘©{Zð>m hr aIr Vmoñdê$n{Zð>m {e{Wb n‹S> Om oJr'' (dMZm.J.‘.9-J.‘.16). BZ dMZm|goVmo M[aÌ A{déÕ hr bJVm hmoZogo lrnaH$mbgy[aH$mo Jwénaånam‘| ‘mÝ` aIZo‘|Amn{Îm àñVwV Zht H$aZr Mm{h o Wr. bm ""Z¡H$mZh§ {d{ZÝXm{‘ Zmh§ {ZÝÚmo@pñ‘Ho$Z{MV²'' Vmo gmYwZr{V Zht hmoVr.

(6.VmpÎdH$^oX, gmåàXm{`H$-Ym{‘©H$^oX, Xe©Z^oX VWm{d{eï>mÛ¡Vm{^‘{V EH$ {eï>mMma H$s g‘rjm)

g‘mYmZnÌHo$ BZ IÊS>m| (5.1-5.2-5.3) ‘| lr gm.lw.OrZo am‘mZwOr`Am¡a ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` ‘Vm|Ho$ ~rM nañna d¡‘Ë`H$s b§~r Vm{bH$m Xr h¡. Bg‘|H$ar~Z 66 ‘wÔm|H$s g§H$bZm h¡. BZ ‘wÔm|H$mo 66go ~‹T>m H$a 666H$s g§»`m‘|^r Jw{UV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ na AÝV‘| dh g~ ñd § lrOr‘hmamO ÛmamAÜ`mË‘emñÌr` J«ÝWm|Ho$ Zm‘{ZX}enyd©H$ ñd §H$s "A{^‘{V' H$hmo `m "é{M'H$hmo, Omo Hw$N> ^r H$hmo, CgHo$ ~mao‘| Omo ñdrH$mamopŠV Kmo{fV H$s, Cg {dYmZHo$àm‘mÊ`H$s Anhm[aH$m hr hm|Jr Eogr AZwnn{Îm ñd § CZHo$ dMZm|‘| gXmofVm hràH$Q> H$a|Jr. Š`m|{H$ BVZm d¡narË` hmoZona ^r CÝh| am‘mZwOr` J«ÝWmoŠV ‘V‘|é{M Š`m| h¡ `h Vmo {Okmñ` hmoJm hr Š`m|{H$ {ZJ©wU-{ZamH$madmXH$m IÊS>Z Vmo‘mÜdJ«ÝWm|‘| ^r CVZm hr CnbãY hmoVm h¡ Am¡a dmëb^ J«ÝWm|‘| ^r. Vmo BZ‘|Š`m| é{M Zht h¡? lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo am‘mZwO‘V X{jU VWm CÎma XmoZm| Xoem|‘|à{gÕ Wm. AV… CgHo$ à{V AnZm AmXa^md àH$Q> {H$`m. naÝVw lrOr‘mhmamOZoVmo JwOamV‘| hr AnZo ‘VH$m àMma A{YH$ {H$`m Ohm§ dmëb^ gåàXm`A{YH$ à~b Wm Cg‘| Š`m| é{M Zht {XIm`r? AWm©V² `h ^r eŠ` Wmdmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Am¡a am‘mZwOr` gmYZmàUmbr‘| ^r é{M {XIm gH$Vo Wo !A~ `h H$hm Om o {H$ gm¡amï´>-JwOamVH$s A{YH$m§e OZVm dmëb^ doXmÝVgo

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CVZr gwn[aMV Zht Wr {OVZr {H$ lrH¥$îUH$s godm^pŠVgo. AV… lrH¥$îU^pŠVdmëb^ gåàXm`go {XIbm`r VWm am‘mZwO gåàXm`Ho$ Xe©Z‘| é{M {XIm Xr{Oggo H$moB© hm{Z Vmo hmoZr Zht Wr.

Bgo EH$ Hy$Q>Zr{V Vmo ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡ na AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Ho$ AYre‘mZo OmVo lrghOmZÝXOrH$mo gË`Y‘m}nXoeH$s {Zð>mH$s ~m~V‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n‘|AVrd {Z~©b hr {gÕ H$aVr h¡. AVEd ‘wPo H$Xm{n ‘mÝ` Zht bJVr.

AV… BZ àíZm|H$m g‘mYmZ Z ImoO nm |, V~ VH$ Eogr ‘V oXVm{bH$mHo$‘wÔm|H$s {H$VZr g§»`m ^r Š`m| Z hmo dmñV{dH$ g‘mYmZ {‘b Zht nm oJm.AVEd Eogr Vm{bH$mH$s g‘rjm ^r ~hþV Amdí`H$ Zht bJVr. {’$a^rñWyUmIZZÝ`m oZ Bg Vm{bH$mHo$ Hw$N> ‘wÔm|H$mo Ñ{ï>JV H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm.

VXZwgma gd©àW‘ am‘mZwOr` doXmÝVm{^‘V VÎdÌ`r `m VÎdgßVH$ CZemñÌm|Ho$ AmYmana {gÕ h¢, {OZH$m àm‘mÊ` ñd § lrOr‘hmamOH$mo nyU©V`m‘mÝ` h¡. AV… CZ-CZ dMZm|H$m d¡gm AW© Z hmo H$a O¡gm AmYw{ZH$ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV àñVwV H$aZm MmhVm h¡, d¡gm hr A{^àoV h¡ `h {gÕZ H$a {X`m Om o, V~ VH$ Eogr Vm{bH$mH$m H$moB© ‘hÎd {gÕ Zht hmoVm. AV…VmpÎdH$ oXHo$ AÝVJ©V 1-18 VH$Ho$ gmao ‘wÔm|H$mo Vmo ‘¢ J ©òmdgo hr {ZañV‘mZVm hÿ§. CXmhaUV`m lr‘X²^mJdVH$m A{Ve` àm‘mÊ` {ejmnÌr Am¡adMZm‘¥V XmoZm|‘| hr ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AV… Bg ñdrH$mamopŠVHo$ AZwamoYde^JdX²Ym‘ {ZJ©wU h¡ m {dewÕgÎdmË‘H$ BgH$m g‘mYmZ ""› Z‘mo Zmam`Um`nwéfm` ‘hmË‘Zo {dewÕgÎd{YîÊ`m`...'' (^mJ.nwam.6&5&28),""{dewÕgÎd§ Vd Ym‘ emÝV§ Vnmo‘`§ ÜdñVV‘moaOñH§$ ‘`m‘`mo A`§JwUgåàdmhmo Z {dÚVo...'' (^mJ.nwam.10&27&4) Bg dMZ‘| gwñnï>V`m{dewÕgÎdmË‘H$ Ym‘H$mo "‘m`mVrV' H$hm J`m h¡. AV… am‘mZwOr` doXmÝVm{^‘VYmaUmH$s Vmo `hm§ ^mJdVr gånw{ï> hmo OmVr h¡ naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`{gÕmÝVH$s àm‘m{UH$VmHo$ AmYma yV emñÌdMZ Š`m h¢ Am¡a H$moB hm| ^r VmoBZ ^mJdVdMZm|Ho$ gmW CZH$s EH$dmŠ`Vm H¡$go gmYZr? ""Vñ‘¡ ñdbmoH§$^JdmZ² g^m{OV… g§Xe© m‘mg na§ Z `V²na§ ì`noVg§Šboe{d‘mohgmÜdg§

ñdÑï>dX²{^… {d~wY¡… A{^ïw>V§ àdV©Vo `Ì aOñV‘‘`mo… gÎd§ M {‘l§ ZMH$mb{dH«$‘…, Z mÌm ‘m`m {H$‘² CV Anao hao… AZwd«Vm… Ì gwamgwam{M©Vm…í`m‘mdXmVm… eVnÌbmoMZm… {ne“dñÌm… gwéM… gwnoeg… gd}MVw~m©hd…... lr… `Ì ê${nUr CéJm`nmX`mo… H$amo{V ‘mZ§ ~hþYm{d y{V{^… à|L²>I{lVm...'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&9-13) Bg ^mJdVHo$ dMZ‘|am‘mZwOr` na‘Ym‘H$s àm‘m{UH$Vm ñd § lrOr‘hmamOH$mo A{Ve` à‘mUV`mA{^‘V ^mJdVnwamUHo$ AmYmana {gÕ hmoVr h¡. Bgo AñdrH$ma H$aZona Vmoñd § lrOr‘hmamOHo$ dMZ Aà‘mU hmo Om |Jo. naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`{gÕmÝVm{^‘V na‘Ym‘Ho$ g‘W©Z‘| ñd § lrOr‘hmamOH$mo A{^‘V gÀN>mñÌm|‘|goEH$ dMZ ^r CÕ¥V H$a nmZm gd©Wm Agå^d H$Wm hr bJVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX AmVo h¢ ‘wÔo 19-38. BZHo$ AÝVJ©V VwbZmW© àñVwV ‘wÔm|‘| Ohm§^r d¡îUdVÝÌm|Ho$ dMZ CÕ¥V {H$ o J o h¢ CZ ‘wÔm|‘| Vmo emñÌdMZHo$ ~bna hram‘mZwOr` ‘VH$s àm‘m{UH$Vm {gÕ hmo Om oJr. AnZo-AmnH$mo CgHo$ à{VnjrXagmZona AmYw{ZH$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝVH$s Aàm‘m{UH$Vm ^r ñd § lrgm.lw.Or ñdrH$ma boVo hm| Vmo A{YH$ H$hZoH$mo Hw$N> Ad{eï> ah Zht OmVm.{’$a^r {ZVmÝV gmåàXm{`H$ YmaUm {H$ ""lrghOmZÝXOr na~«÷ h¢ Am¡a àË oH$Jwé Aja~«÷ h¢'' Bgo {gÕ H$a nm o Eogo {eï>mÑV emñÌm|Ho$ dMZ `{X àñVwVZht {H$ o OmVo Vmo H$mì`H$ënZm Am¡a VÎdemñÌr` YmaUmAm|‘| à oX hr XwîH$ahmo Om oJm.

AZÝVH$mo{Q> ~«÷mÊS> hmoZoH$s YmaUm {eï>mÑV emñÌmoŠV h¡ dh ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur`{MÝVZH$s EH$ñdrH¥$V YmaUm Zht h¡. h‘Zo XoI hr {b`m {H$ dh ^mJdVH$s"draamKdr' am‘mZwOr`ì`m»`m‘| ñdrH$mar hr J`r h¡. AÝ`Wm ^r Eogr YmaUmOhm§-Ohm§ emñÌ‘| à{Vnm{XV h¡ CZ emñÌm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maZo‘mÌgo ^r dhAWm©n{ÎmñdrH¥$V hmo OmVr h¡.

`hr ~mV g¥{ï>H$s CËn{Îm Ho$db brbm‘mÌ h¡, `h {gÕmÝV ^r ñd §lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rOrH$mo ""doXmíM ì`mggyÌm{U lr‘X² mJdVm{^Y‘²''({ejmn.93) dMZ‘| {eagm ‘mÝ` ""gd¡ Z¡d ao‘o... Vñ‘mV² VV² gd©‘²

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A^dV²''-""bmoH$dÎmw brbmH¡$dë`‘²''-""H«$sS>mW©‘² AmË‘Z… BX§ {ÌOJ²H¥$V§ Vo'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&3-10, ~«.gy.2&1&33,^mJ.nwam.8&22&20) Am{Xlw{VgyÌnwamUm|H$s EH$dmŠ`VmHo$ AmYmana {gÕ h¡. Bgo AñdrH$ma H$aZona `mBgHo$ {dnarV ‘ZKS§>V H$ënZm H$aZona ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV `m Vmo doXmÝVhmoZoH$s `mo½`Vm Imo XoJm `m dXVmoì`mKmVHo$ JV©‘| n‹S> Om oJm. gmo am‘mZwO‘Vhr gd©Wm àm‘m{UH$ hmoZogo CgHo$ gmW VwbZmh© hr Zht ah OmVm.

am‘mZwO‘V‘| ^pŠVàn{Îm XmoZm| hr àYmZ h¢ Cg‘| H$hZo bm`H$ H$moB© H$Wmhr Zht.

38d| ‘wÔo‘| lr gm.lw.Or H$hVo h¡ {H$ ""am‘mZwO‘V‘| doXmÝV AmJ‘ Am¡aÐ{dS>à~ÝY H$m àmYmÝ` h¡ O~{H$ ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV‘| gm§»`-`moJ nÄMamÌ doXmÝV Am¡a dMZm‘¥V H$m àmYmÝ` h¡'' `h ^r Iy~ ahr {H$ñd § lrOr‘hmamOHo$ dMZm‘¥V(n§.2)‘| {OZ gm§»``moJm|‘| aho Xmofm|Ho$ {ZagZnyd©H$CÝh| ‘mZZoH$s ~mV H$hr do Vmo àYmZ hmo J o. Am¡a {ZOH$ÊR>go {OZ‘| EH$ ^rXmof {Zê${nV Zht {H$`m Am¡a AnZr "é{M' `m "A{^‘{V' Omo H$hmo CgoJwénaånamJVV`m {gÕmÝVZm‘ Am¡a J«ÝWZm‘ J«hUHo$ gmW ñdrH$mam, Cg{d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX‘| 6Ho$ ~Om` 66 Xmof ñ’w$[aV hmo aho h¢. H$maU Bg‘| `h bJVmh¡ Omo ñd`§ lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rZo H$hm h¡ ""Am¡a gm§»`‘VmZw`m`r O~AmH$maH$mo {‘Ï`m g‘PVo h¢ V~ do VrW© d«V à{V‘m `‘-{Z`‘ ~«÷M`m©{XY‘© VWm ~«÷m-{dîUw-{ed Ed§ am‘H¥$îUm{X AdVmam|H$m IÊS>Z H$aVo h¢.Bg{b o o AmYw{ZH$ gm§»`-`moJ‘VmZw m`r BZ XmoZm| ‘mJm}H$mo N>mo‹S> H$aHw$‘mJ©Jm‘r hmo J o h¢. Bg H$maU do ZmaH$s hmoVo h¢'' (dMZm.n§.2). {eï>mÑVemñÌà{Vnm{XV ^JdmZ²Ho$ ê$nm|H$m Ad‘yë`Z H$a AnZo Ho$db Jwé Am¡a CZHo$^ŠVm| H$s ‘{h‘m ~‹T>mZoHo$ hoVw am‘mZwOdoXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ`Vm XoZm A~ AZno{jV hmoJ`m h¡.

d¡go BZ‘| Ðm{dS>à~ÝY O¡go ñdm{‘Zmam`U nÝWH$mo ‘mÝ` Zht, Eogo hrdMZm‘¥V Am{X J«ÝWm|H$mo am‘mZwOgåàXm` Š`m| à‘mUH$mo{Q>‘| ‘mÝ` aIoJm. AV…Ad{eï> aho J«ÝWm|‘| nm¡am{UH$ gm§»`-`moJ Vmo am‘mZwO‘V‘| ^r ‘mÝ` hm|Jo naÝVw

~mXam`UgyÌm|‘| {ZamH¥$V CZHo$ VÎmX² A§e `{X ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` nÝW‘| ‘mÝ` hm|Vmo dh doXmÝV Zht ah Om oJm. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Omo ^r C^`‘mÝ`emñÌ h¢, CZ‘| Vmo ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` {gÕmÝV {Zê${nV Zht hþdm àË wV {déÕhmoZoHo$ H$maU am‘mZwOdoXmÝVH$s VwbZm‘| à‘mUdÎmm gpÝX½Y hr R>haVr h¡.

gdm©{YH$ AmíM`© Vmo lr gm.lw.OrHo$ Bg {dYmZna hmoVm h¡ {H$""ñdm{‘Zmam`UXe©ZHo$ CX²J‘Ho$ g‘` {d{eï>mÛ¡VgåàXm` Z Ho$dbX{jU^maV‘| {H$ÝVw nya o ^maV‘| à{gÕ Wm... {’$a^r ^JdmZ²ñdm{‘Zmam`UH$m o AnZo-Amn {d{eï>mÛ¡V{gÕmÝV ñdrH$maZoH$sAmdí`H$Vm Zht Wr. `{X {d{eï>mÛ¡V hr AnZm ñdrH¥$V {gÕmÝV hmoVmVmo X{jU^maV‘| gwà{gÕ VmoVm{БR>Ho$ à‘wI OrAa ñdm‘rZo ^JdmZ²H$moMH«$m§{H$V H$a Xrjm Xr Wr, "dmZ‘m‘b¡ VmoVm{Ð am‘mZwOXmg' Zm‘ ^raIm Wm. Cgr g‘` VmoVm{БR>go hr {d{eï>mÛ¡VH$m àMma H$aVo hmoVo. bo{H$Znm§M VÎdm|H$m {gÕmÝV Am¡a ñÌrnwéf‘`m©Xm(?) BË`m{X AnZo {dMmaHo$AZwê$n ì`dñWm VmoVm{Б| Zht XoI H$a dhm§go Mb n‹S>o. JwOamV‘| am‘mZÝXñdm‘rHo$ gåàXm`‘| AnZo {dMmaHo$ AZwê$n {gÕmÝV XoI H$a `hm§ hrpñWa hmo H$a gåàXm`àdV©Z {H$`m'' (g‘m.nÌ.""{d{eï>mÛ¡V-A{^‘{V EH${eï>mMma''erf©H$). Bg ZyVZ Eo{Vh² H$m òmoV A^r lr gm.lw.OrZo àH$Q> Zht{H$`m h¡. `h Vmo, {H$ÝVw, AmË‘{dg§J{VH$s namH$mð>m hmo J`r Š`m|{H$ {~MmaolrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r ñd § Zht àË wV AnZo Jwé am‘mZÝXñdm‘rH$mo lram‘mZwOmMm ©goñdßZ‘| {‘br XrjmHo$ AmYmana ^r AnZo-AmnH$mo am‘mZwOgåàXm`mZwJm‘rKmo{fV H$a aho h¢ O~{H$ CÝh| AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Ho$ Zm`H$ na~«÷ nwéfmoÎm‘^JdmZ² ‘mZZodmbo lr gm.lw.Or Cgo Aàm‘m{UH$ {gÕ H$aZoH$mo H$hVo h¢ {H$lrOr‘hmamOHo$ Jwé Zht àË wV ñd § lrOr‘hmamO hr am‘mZwOgåàXm`‘| Xr{jVhmoZona ^r am‘mZwOr Zht Wo Š`m OrAa ñdm‘rZo lrOr‘hmamOHo$ hmW-n¡a ~§YdmH$a ~bmV² CÝh| am‘mZwOr Xrjm Vmo Xr Zht hmoJr Eogm `{X CÝhm|Zo {H$`m ^r hmoVmo AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Ho$ Zm`H$H$s gd©epŠV‘Îmm Cg g‘` H$hm§ {dbwßV hmoJ`r Wr `{X ñd §H$s AZw‘{V ^r V~ AkmZde lrOr‘hmamOZo àH$Q> H$a Xr,Eogm ‘mZVo h¢ Vmo gd©kVm H$hm§ {dbwßV hmo J`r Wr Eogr pñW{V‘| Vmo am‘mZÝXñdm‘r ^r H$moB© Eo{Vhm{gH$ ì`pŠV Zht Wo, Ho$db JwOamV‘| CZH$s OZlw{Vde

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à{g{Õ Wr. AVEd lrOr‘hmamOZo AnZo-AmnH$mo am‘mZÝX ñdm‘rH$m {eî`Kmo{fV H$a {X`m Vm{H$ bmoJm|H$mo AnZr Amoa A{^‘wI H$a nm | Eogr ^r H$moB©àmMrZ hñVàV {H$gr J«ÝWmJma‘| H$ht CnbãY Z hmo Om o BgH$s {ZpíM{V A~ah Zht OmVr.

Eogr ~mV| H$aZo-gmoMZogo ""gË § dX Y‘ª Ma'' Ho$ ñWmZna ""AgË`‘oddX ñd{eî`g‘wXm`~hþbrH$aUm ¡d Ma¡do{V'' Eogr lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$s‘mZ{gH$Vm H$moB© ‘mZZo bJ Om oJm. {OgZo "{ejmnÌr'H$m (Am¡a ~hþbm§e‘| Vmo)"dMZm‘¥V'H$m ^r VQ>ñW AÜ``Z {H$`m hmo dh Eogr {Z‘y©b YmaUmAm|H$mo H$^rñdrH$ma Zht nm oJm. H$‘go H$‘ ‘¢ Vmo Eogm ñdrH$maZo H$W‘{n CÚV Zht. BZJ«ÝWm|‘| Cn{Xï> Y‘© mdZmonoV ~mVm|H$m AnZr ~w{Õgm‘Ï ©Ho$ AZwgma {ddoMZH$aZona ‘wPo Vmo Eogr {H$gr Xw‘©Zmod¥{ÎmH$s boe‘mÌ JÝY ^r CZHo$ M[aÌ‘|gå^m{dV Zht bJVr.

AVEd Bgr erf©H$Ho$ AÝVJ©V `h Omo H$hm J`m {H$ lr Or.Eg². ^Å>Ho$"{dîUwñdm‘r E§S²> dëb^mMm ©' {Z~ÝY‘| Eogr hr Xw‘©Zmod¥{Îm {Z~ÝYH$maZo ‘hmà wlrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r gmoMr h¡, Cgo ^r ñdrH$maZo ‘¢ Vmo CÚV Zht. Š`m|{H$‘hmà wZo A{V ñnï>dm{XVmHo$ gmW AnZm lr{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwdVu hmoZm {ZOJ«ÝWm|H$sB{Vlr‘| {bI H$a Am¡a CÁO{`Zr VWm lr~ÐrZmW Ho$ VrW©nwamo{hVm|H$mo {X o{ZOhñVmjam|‘| {bpIV d¥{ÎmnÌm|‘| ^r Kmo{fV {H$`m h¡. gmW hr gmWlr{dîUwñdm‘rH$s Vm‘g^pŠVHo$ VWm {ZOmon{Xï> {ZJ©wU^pŠVHo$ àH$mam|H$mo^JdËà{Vnm{XV Mma ^pŠVHo$ AÝVJ©V Kmo{fV {H$`m h¡. Cgo XoIVo hþdo H$W‘{nEogr Xw‘©Zmod¥{Îm ‘hmà w‘| ^r {gÕ Zht hmo nmVr. lr gm.lw.OrH$m `h H$hZm VmoB{VhmgHo$ AdbmoH$Zgo r CnnÝZ hr h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ g‘`‘| {dîUwñdm{‘gåàXm`‘mÝ` J«ÝW `m AmMm`m©{X nrR> Ho$ ê$n‘| {dÚ‘mZ Zht Wm. dV©‘mZ g‘`‘| ^rgm¡a JmUnË` Ed§ ñH$mÝX gåàXm`m|Ho$ ‘pÝXam| Ed§ ^ŠVm| Ho$ ~Mo ahZona ^rgmåàXm{`H$ J«ÝW Ed§ AmMm ©nrR> H$s naånam CpÀN>ÝZ hmo J`r h¡, VX²dV².‘hmà wHo$ nyd©O Cg Aënà{gÕ gåàXm`Ho$ Hw$bnaånamgo AZwJm‘r Wo, `h VmoCZHo$ ½`mahdf©Ho$ boInÌHo$ AmYmana ^r àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. {’$a^r Eogm gmoMm Om o{H$ ñd § ‘hmà wH$mo V~ CVZr à{g{Õ Zht {‘br Wr, Bg{b o CÝhm|Zo {dîUwñdm‘rHo$

gåàXm`Ho$ gmW AnZm {‘Ï`m gå~ÝY AnZm Omo‹S> Wm. Bgo gM ‘mZ| Vmo à{g{Õ{‘b OmZoHo$ ~mX Cg AZwJm{‘VmH$m AñdrH$ma Z Vmo ‘hmà wZo Am¡a Z AZwJm{‘Am|ZoAmO VH$ {H$`m H$ar~ {gÎma-Añg df©nyd© EH$ ~ma `h {ddmX Adí`Omoaemoago gåàXm`‘| {N>‹S>m Wm {H$ ‘hmà w Ûmam àñWm{nV ewÕmÛ¡VdmX `m^JdXmk`m àd{V©V nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJ© dñVwV… CÝhm|Zo ñd § àd{V©V {H$ o Wo {H$ o^r {dîUwñdm‘rHo$ hr gåàXm`de CÝh| Hw$bnaånamJV Wo? Xohm{^‘mZ‘ybH$lm¡V-ñ‘mV© dUm©l‘Y‘©H$s Jm`Ìr‘ÝÌXrjm Am¡a VÝ‘ybH$ dUm©l‘Y‘©H$mo^JdXmkßV hmoZoHo$ H$maU Adí`mZwð>o ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡. Cgo ^JdX² pŠV `m^JdËàn{Îm Ho$ ì`mOgo N>mo‹S>m Zht Om gH$Vm. `hm§ BVZm hr AdYo h¡ {H$^JdmZ²H$s ^pŠV-àn{ÎmH$mo AmË‘Y‘©V`m CËH¥$ï> Adí` ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BgrVah oXdmX‘ybH$ {d{hV^pŠV‘| n ©d{gV hmoZodmbr lr{dîUwñdm{‘gåàXm`mZwJVJmonmb‘ÝÌH$s XrjmH$s VwbZm‘| ^r nw{ï>‘mJu` ào‘bjUm ^pŠV `m àn{Îm ‘|n ©d{gV hmoZodmbr eaUXrjm Am¡a AmË‘{ZdoXZXrjm H$mo CËH¥$ï> Adí` ‘mZmOmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ BZH$m AmYma ‘hmà wHo$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘ybH$ ~«÷OrdH$m VmXmËå`h¡. na EVmdVm Bg lr{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwJm{‘VmH$mo Z ‘hmà wZo, Z CZHo$ nadVuJ«ÝWH$ma d§eOm|Zo, Z AÝ` {dÛmZm|Zo Am¡a Z ^ŠVH${d`m|Zo hr H$^r AñdrH$ma{H$`m : ""lrd«OamO {eamo‘{U gw§Xa yVb àH$Q>o dëb^MÝX, AdJmhVlr{dîUwñdm{‘nW ZdYm pŠVaËZ agH$ÝX'', ""dÝXo@h§ V§ {d‘bhþVme§...lrbú‘UgwV {dîUwñdm{‘nW lw{VdM‘ÊS>Z H$ho {dîUwXmg§'' o XmoZm| hr^ŠVH${d ‘hmà wHo$ gmjmV² {eî` Wo Am¡a {ZOJwé‘wIgo gwZ H$a hr JwénaånamH$moOmZ nm o hm|Jo. ‘hmà wHo$ àmH$Q²>çmoËgdHo$ {XZ AmO ^r BZ nXm|H$m JmZ hmoVmhr h¡. AV… ‘hmà wHo$ ñVw{VJmZ `m B{Vd¥Îm ‘| ^r BÝH$mam J`m Zht h¡. AnZrHw$bnaånamJV {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwJm{‘VmH$mo Ë`mJo {~Zm Omo ewÕmÛ¡V‘ybH$nw{ï>^pŠVH$m àdV©Z ‘hmà wZo {H$`m CgH$m nmW©Š` `m CgH$s ~‹T>-M‹T> H$aàe§gm Vmo ñd § ‘hmà wZo ^r H$s h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ nad{V©Am|Zo ^r H$s h¡. Bggo H$B©~ma AZwnm{gVJwéAm|H$mo ñd § hr ÑÀN>mÑ{ï>nWmJV J«ÝWmoÕaUm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Zde^«mpÝV hm oVr ahVr h¡ {H$ dmëb^ ‘V dñVwV… {dîUwñdm{‘àd{V©Vd¡îUdgåàXm`mZwJm‘r h¡ {H$ Zht? dmñV{dH$Vm `h h¡ {H$ ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm ©go boH$a AÚmd{Y h‘ g^r {dîUwñdm{‘gåàXm`‘| Cgr VahXr{jV hmoVo h¢ O¡go dëb^gåàXm`‘|. VXZwgma {dîUwgåàXm`mJV Jmonmb‘ÝÌ-lrZ¥qgh‘ÝÌXrjm ^r àm`… g^r boVo h¢. dëb^gåàXm`mZwJ{VàmßV Aï>mja-

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~«÷gå~ÝYXrjm A{Zdm ©V`m boVo Xohm{^‘mZ‘ybH$ dUm©l‘mZwamoYr Jm`ÌrXrjmH$sVah. d¡îUd gåàXm`mZwJm{‘VmHo$ de O¡go d¡{XH$s Jm`Ìr‘ÝÌXrjmH$m Ë`mJ h‘C{MV Zht ‘mZVo d¡go hr `hm§ ^r OmZ boZm Amdí`H$ h¡.

(7.gmåàXm{`H$-Ym{‘©H$ oXH$s g‘rjm) AV… {Og am‘mZwOgåàXm`‘| lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r Xr{jV Wo Cg gåàXm`Ho$

à{V O~ Bg nÝWHo$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho$ Eogo {damoYr ^md hm|, Vmo ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm ©MaU Am¡a CZHo$ AmË‘O lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaU Ho$ ~mao‘| H$moB©~mV N>o‹S>Zo bm`H$ Zht ah OmVr. AÝ`Wm `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ BZ {nVm-nwÌm|Ho$ à{V, AWdm dñVwV… Vmo CZHo$ Ûmam Cn{Xï> gmYZmàUmbrHo$ à{V hrlrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ öX`‘| hm{X©H$ bJmd Ed§ AmXa{deof H$m ^md Wm.dMZm‘¥VH$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZona BVZm Vmo ñnï> hmoVm hr h¡.

O¡go am‘mZwOr` doXmÝV‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmX AWm©V² O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ g¥{ï> Am¡a ~«÷Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå` ñdrH$maZodmbo {gÕmÝVH$mo ""BËW§ ~«÷m{n Ord… n[aU‘{V{döË`W©‘² BË`{n Agma § ñdmZW£H$àd¥Îm o… àgO{V M VXmgd©emñÌmonKmV…'' (VÎd‘w.3&30) Eogo CX²Jmam| Ûmam ‘m`mdmXgo ^r A{YH$Jh² © nj ‘mZm h¡. Eogo hr AnZr am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm{‘VmH$mo AjwÊU {Z^mVo hþdolrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rZo ^r {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma Bg lw{VH$s ì`m»`m H$s.dMZm‘¥V‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ ""Z¥qghmZÝX ñdm‘rZo nyN>m... "EH$mo@h§ ~hþ ñ`m§àOm o ' Bg lw{VdmŠ`H$m... àb`H$mb‘| EH$‘mÌ ^JdmZ² Wo, do hrñdoÀN>mgo g¥{ï>H$mb‘| g‘ñV Ord-B©ídaê$n hmo J o, `h ~mV Vmo ‘yI© hr‘mZVm h¡... ^JdmZ² Vmo AÀ wV h¢ do À wV hmo H$a Ord-B©ídaê$n Zht hmogH$Vo... Bg{b o Amn lw{VdmŠ`H$m AW© H${h o... lrOr‘hmamO ~mobo

o g~ lw{VH$m O¡gm AW© ~VmVo h¢ d¡gm Zht h¡... EH$‘mÌ nwéfmoÎm‘ JdmZ²AÝV`m©{‘ê$ngo BZ g~‘| àdoe H$aHo$ aho h¢ {H$ÝVw Ord-B©ída^mdH$mo ñd §J«hU H$aHo$ AZoH$ ê$nm|‘| Zht hþdo, Bg àH$ma lw{VdmŠ`H$m AW© g‘PZmMm{h`o'' (dMZm.J.à.41). EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ lrOr‘hmamOH$modmëb^ gmYZmàUmbr hr ‘mÝ` Wr Am¡a dh CZH$s lrH¥$îUHo$ à{V AZÝ`{Zð>mHo$AZwê$n ^r Wr. dmëb^ doXmÝV naÝVw CÝh| gd©Wm A‘mÝ` Wm AnZr

am‘mZwO‘VmZwJm{‘VmHo$ AZwê$n hr. AVEd ñdm{‘Zmam`Ur` VrZ Xrjm‘ÝÌm|‘| goXmo ‘ÝÌ Vmo gd©Wm dëb^gåàXm`H$s AmË‘{ZdoXZXrjm Am¡a eaUXrjm eãXm|H$mhr Wmo‹S>m gm empãXH$ h¡a’o$a h¡.

(8.lrH¥$îUH$s Cnmñ`VmHo$ {d‘e©H$s g‘rjm) g‘mYmZnÌHo$ Bg IÊS>‘| CN>mbo J o ‘wÔm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> ^r AmbmoMZm

{bIZr ‘wPo C{MV Zht bJVr. Š`m|{H$ `{X ‘hmà wgo à^m{dV hþdm {~Zm ñd §AnZr nyd©{gÕ Hw$bnaånam Ed§ Jwénaånam Ho$ H$maU lrOr ‘hmamOH$mo lrH¥$îUHo$à{V bJmd Wm Eogm ‘mZ H$a Mb| V~ ^r lr gm.lw.OrH$s `h YmaUm {H$""JwOamV‘|... AÝ` d¡îUd gåàXm`m|H$s g§»`m ~hþV Wr. AmJÝVwH$AZw`m{`Am|‘| AnZo-AmnH$mo "gd© AdVmago nao AdVmar' H$hZonagåàXm`‘| Am¡a ~mha AnZm H$m © XwîH$a ~Z OmVm... Bg hoVwH$mo XoI H$a^JdmZ² ñdm{‘Zmam`UZo H$ht-H$ht amYmH¥$îUH$s ~mV H$hr Wr...AZw m`r dJ©‘| ^JdmZ² ñdm{‘Zmam`UHo$ àVmn Am¡a ‘mhmËå` na A{YH${dídmg ~¡R>ZoHo$ ~mX ^JdmZ² ñdm{‘Zmam`UZo AnZo A{YH$ à^mdH$s~mV H$hr Wr'' (g‘m.nÌ.6.lrH¥$îUH$s Cnmñ`VmH$m {d‘e©) ‘oao {hgm~goAàm‘m{UH$ {gÕ hmo OmVr h¡.

d¡go nVm Zht Bg B{Vd¥Îm‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ` {H$VZm h¡ Am¡a A~ A{YH$à{gÕ hmo OmZoHo$ H$maU AH$ñ‘mV² nZnr Y¥ï>Vm {H$VZr h¡? {H$gr ^r gyaV‘|lrH¥$îU^pŠVH$mo EH$ñdrH¥$V H$aZoH$s ‘ZmoJ«pÝW ~m§YZr AZw{MV h¡. AV…AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>Zm`H$ na~«÷ na‘mË‘m nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²H$mo gZmVZgd©ì`mnr gdm}nmXmZ gd}ída gdm}ÕmaH$ gd©k H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘² AÝ`WmH$Vwªgd©g‘W© ‘mZVm hmoZoHo$ H$maU dmëb^ gåàXm`H$s Amoago Bg {df`‘| ‘m¡ZaIZm hr C{MV ‘mZVm hÿ§. Cg gd©gm‘Ï ©‘| A{dídmg àH$Q> H$aZm ‘oao{b o‘hmZ² AnamYH$ën h¡. AV… lrH¥$îU lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ `m CZHo$ gåàXm`Ho$Cnmñ` Bï>Xod Z ghr h‘mao na‘mamÜ` Bï>Xod hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr BgH$m àË wÎma XoZmAZmdí`H$ bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ CÕmaH$s R>oHo$Xmar `{X na‘mË‘m{H$gr EH$ AmMm © `m EH$ Y‘©-gåàXm` H$mo XoVm hmo, Vmo Eogm na‘mË‘m ‘wPo{dídmË‘m Zht bJVm. AV… h‘mao gåàXm` `m AÝ` {H$gr gåàXm`Ho$ ~mao‘|

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Eogm H$moB© Xmdm H$ao Vmo ‘wPo hmñ`mñnX H$Wm hr bJVr h¡. ‘oar lÕm h¡ {H${d{dY Y‘©-gåàXm` ‘w‘wjw OrdmË‘mH$mo gÀMm ‘mJ© Vmo ~Vm gH$Vo h¢ naÝVwCgna Mb nmZoH$s gm‘Ï © {Ogo na‘mË‘m àXmZ H$aVm h¡ CgH$s hr hmoVr h¡.dh AZoH${dY gåàXm`m|H$s gmYZmAm| Ûmam {‘b gH$Vm h¡, Cgo {‘bZm hmo Vmo.Am¡a Zht ^r {‘bVm, Cgo Z {‘bZm hmo Vmo. na‘mË‘mH$mo {H$gr EH$ Y‘©-gåàXm`H$s gmYZmH$m ‘mohVmO ‘mZZm CgH$s {Zénm{YH$ AZwJ«herbVm{Za§Hw$e‘wpŠVXmZgm‘Ï © gd©kVm gd©ì`m{nVm Am¡a gd}ídaVm O¡go JwUY‘m]H$mAñdrH$ma h¡. BZ JwUY‘m]H$mo BÝH$maZona Vmo Cgo na‘mË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` H$aZm^r Amdí`H$ Zht ah OmVm.

AV… ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm` AnZr Amapå^H$ AdñWm‘| AWdm A~{dH${gV {dídì`mnr AdñWm‘| dmëb^ gmYZm `m dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ AmamÜ`lrH¥$îUH$mo Z ñdrH$maZm MmhVm hmo Vmo CgH$m CgH$m CÕma Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡,BVZm Ag‘W© Am¡a g§Hw${MV ‘Zmod¥{Îmdmbm AnZo AmamÜ` lrH¥$îUH$m ñdê$n hmoVmo, ñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`Ho$ gåàXm`Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$s YmaUmHo$~Om` ‘wPo ñd § lrH¥$îUH$s na~«÷Vm Aàm‘m{UH$ bJZo bJVr h¡. Wmo‹S>m-~hmoVOmo BZ ~mVm|na ‘¢Zo Ü`mZ AmH¥$ï> {H$`m dh ñd § lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rHo$ dMZm|Ho$A{^àm`H$s ñdma{gH$ ‘r‘m§gmHo$ ê$n‘| hr. Z{H$ na~«÷ `m na‘oída Ho$ ê$n‘|EH$‘mÌ lrH¥$îUHo$ ñdê$nH$s An[ahm ©VmHo$ AW©‘|. Š`m|{H$ ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$AmO Zht Vmo H$b, H$b Zht Vmo AmJm‘r eVH$‘|, O~ ^r AnZo AmMm`m]Ho$à{V d’$mXmarH$m ^md Bg gåàXm`‘| OmJ«V hmoJm Vmo ‘oao CR>m o J o ‘wÔm|na Ü`mZVmo XoZm hr n‹S>oJm.

nÙnwamUmoŠV ^mJdV‘mhmËå`‘| ""CËnÝZm Ð{dSo> gmh§ d¥qÕ H$Um©Q>Ho$JVm Šd{MV²-Šd{MV² ‘hmamï´>o JwO©ao jrUVm§ JVm'' (1&48) Eogm {dYmZ{‘bVm h¡. `h ^pŠVHo$ AW©‘| H$Xm{MV² gË` hmoZona ^r JwO©aXo{eAm|H$sñZohàYmZ ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo XoIVo hþdo Hw$N> Bg dMZH$m A{^àm` ‘r‘m§ñ` bJVm h¡.{H$gr em`aZo H$hm h¡ {H$ ""AnZr Hw$E-d’$mgo S>aVm hÿ§ Am{eH$s ~ÝXJr Zhmo Om o'' Bgr Vah JwO©aXoedm{gAm|H$s ñZoh‘`r ‘Zmod¥{Îm H$~ ^pŠV‘`r d¥{Îm

~Z OmVr h¡ Bg ~mao‘| H$moB© ^{dî`dmUr H$a hr Zht gH$Vm ñd^mdV…AgmYmaUê$noU JwO©aàOm ñZohàYmZ Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVr h¡.

AnZo dëb^gåàXm`‘| ^r H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmà^wHo$ nm ¡ÌlrJmoHw$bZmWMaUHo$ JwO©aXoer {eî` CÝh| AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS> Zm`H$ ‘mZVo Wo.CZH$s Eogr haH$Vm|go V§J Am H$a CZHo$ {nV¥MaU Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmWOrZoH$hm {H$ Vwåhmao {eî` ~hþV VH$br’$ XoVo h¢. Bgna jwãY hmo H$a lrJmoHw$bZmWOrZoAnZo {eî`m|H$mo JmoHw$bgo {ZH$mb XoZoH$mo EH$ Zmd ‘§Jm`r Am¡a CÝh| Amkm Xr{H$ Bg‘| ~¡R> H$a lr`‘wZmHo$ Cg nma ‘WwamH$s Amoa g~ Mbo OmAmo Bgna g^r{eî`m|Zo Jwé‘| lÕmõmg `m jmo H$m ^md àH$Q> {H$ o {~Zm ^OZ JmZm ewé{H$`m {H$ ""ìhmbo åhmao OrdVm nma CVm`m© ao Ho$ ìhmbo åhmao H$éUm H$[a{ZñVm`m© ao !'' Bgna IrO H$a CÝhm|Zo AnZr MaUnmXwH$m CÝh| àVm{‹S>VH$aZoH$mo {ZemZm VmH$ H$a ZXr‘| Om ahr ZmdH$s Va’$ ’|$H$s Am¡a à^md BgH$m^r {dnarV hr hþdm {H$ ^ŠVJU JmZo bJo ""ìhmbo åhmao nmXwH$mOr nYamì`mao ! nYm`m© nwéfmoÎm‘ ^dZm¡H$m‘m§, hm§ ao A‘Zo OrdVm nma CVm`m© ao !'' BglÕm{VaoH$H$m CZHo$ nmg ^r H$moB© Cnm` Zht Wm. Ho$db BVZm {bI H$a ah doah J o {H$ ""‘oao godH$ ‘wPo hr gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm‘ ‘mZVo h¢ Bggo nw{ï>’$bHo$bm^go Vmo CÝh| d§{MV hr ahZm n‹S>oJm''. na Cg nmXwH$mH$mo àH$Q> nwéfmoÎm‘ ‘mZH$a {eî`m|Zo nmd{S>`mnÝW VWm ‹Sz>Mrn§W Mbm {X`m !

CgHo$ ~mX nwZ… dëb^gåàXm`Ho$ AÝVJ©V BZ Jmoñdm‘r lrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$hr ^VrOo Jmoñdm‘r lrO`JmonmbbmbH$mo ^r CZHo$ {eî`m|Zo na~«÷ na‘mË‘m^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUgo ^r AZÝVH$mo{Q> gm‘Ï ©dmZ ‘mZ H$a "O`Jmonmb-nÝW' Mbm{X`m. CgHo$ ~mX Vmo gmao gm¡amï´>-JwOamV‘| h‘ dëb^d§eO Jmoñdm‘r AmMm`m]H$moàH$Q>nwéfmoÎm‘ ‘mZ H$a Z OmZo Š`m-Š`m CËnmV Zht hþdo BYa gmo-So>‹T> gmo dfm]goh‘ dëb^d§eO AmMm`m]H$m H$m à^md jrUgo jrUVa hmoVo XoI H$a EH$AÝVYm©am dmëb^ gåàXm`‘| ZyVZ dëb^n§WH$s Am¡a Mb n‹S>r h¡. Bg‘|AZÝVH$mo{Q>~«÷mÊS>m|Ho$ ZmW nwéfmoÎm‘ ‘hmà wHo$ Ho$db EH$ amo‘‘| {~amOVo h¢,Eogr AÝYlÕm ^ao CnXoem|go OZVmH$mo o dëb^n§Wr ~aJbmVo ahVo h¢. BZHo$

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AZwgma ‘hmà wHo$ CnXoem|H$mo ‘mZZo `m AZwgaZo H$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm Zht.Š`m|{H$ o CnXoe Vmo hrZm{YH$mar OZm|Ho$ {b o {X o J o CnXoe h¢ !

ñd § ‘oao {nV¥MaUHo$ Hw$N> {eî` CZH$mo àH$Q> nwéfmoÎm‘ ‘mZ H$a MaUm|‘|VwbgrnÌ g‘{n©V H$a OmVo Wo. Bggo éï> hmo H$a do CÝh| AnZo nmg AmZo ZhtXoVo Wo. Vmo do O~ {~Mmao {ZÐmYrZ hmoVo V~ MwnHo$go CZHo$ MaUm|‘| VwbgrnÌdo ‘y‹T> bmoJ g‘{n©V H$a OmVo Bggo CÝh| BVZm ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVmn hmoVm {H$ ~hþYmA^Ð JmbràXmZ VH$ H$aZo bJ OmVo, AnZo d¡Xwî`H$s J[a‘mH$mo yb H$a {~MmaoXmoZm| n¡am|‘| H|$ga hmoZogo I‹S>o Vmo hmo Zht nmVo V~ naÝVw CZH$m ‘mZ{gH$ Ìmg XoImZht OmVm Wm. ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ lrghOmZÝXOrHo$ gåàXm`‘| h‘mao `hm§Ho$ Eogr‘Zmod¥{Îmdmbo hr Hw$N> bmoJm|Zo Kwg H$a AnZo ZyVZ Jwé lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘rH$s^r h‘mao O¡gr hr J{V ~Zm Xr h¡. ""Jwé… gmjmV² na§~«÷''H$m AmXe© `Ú{n^maVr` g§ñH¥${VH$m EH$ à‘wI M[aÌ h¡ na JwédMZm|H$s AdhobZm `m AZmXaH$a Ho$ CZH$m `Ûm-VÛm Ame` ‘ZJ‹T>§V {ZH$mb boZm AnZr Bg g§ñH¥${VH$mXwJ©wU ^r h¡.

ñd § ‘¢ O~ Bgr {df`na EH$ {XZ AnZo d¡îUdm|H$s g^m‘| àdMZ H$a ahmWm V~ lmoVm‘|go {H$grZo EH$ {MQ> oOr {H$ ""Amn {‘Ï`m^mfU H$a aho hmo.h‘ Vmo AmnH$mo gmjmV² nwéfmoÎm‘ hr ‘mZVo h¢'' ‘wPo Vmo AnZo à^mdembrCnXoeH$ hmoZoH$m Jd© hr ÜdñV hmo J`m bJm. ‘oao ^rVa ^pŠV^mdm|H$s ‘ÝXVmAm¡a Y‘©{Zð>mH$s {e{WbVm Ho$ AÝV{Z©arjU H$aZona Bg XohHo$ AdgmZHo$ ~mX^r AjamË‘H$ ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR> `m JmobmoH$‘| àdoe ^r nm gHy$§Jm Eogm àVrV VmohmoVm Zht

d¡go ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$m CnXoe h¡ {H$ AmamÜ` ^JdÝ‘y{V© gmjmV²na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ nyU©nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU hr hmoVr h¡. Am¡a CZH$m godmñWbì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>ê$n hr hmoVm h¡, Eogo {gÕmÝV‘| Ñ‹T>lÕm hmoZona r CZH$s godm^pŠV‘|d¡gr {Zð>m Z nZn nmZoHo$ H$maU AnamY~moY hr ahVm h¡. AV… {H$g AW©‘|nwéfmoÎm‘ hmo gH$Vm hÿ§ `h g‘P‘| Zht AmVm. ‘mZdgwb^ H$`r H$‘Omo[aAm|goAnZo-AmnH$mo gXm J«ñV nmVm hÿ§. {’$a ^r lrghOmZÝX ñdm‘r nyU© nwéfmoÎm‘

hm| `m Zhm| CZHo$ dMZm|H$m O¡gm Ame` ‘wPo AnZr g‘PHo$ AZwgma C{MV bJmCgo `hm§ {Z~Õ ‘¢Zo {H$`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ `{X à{jßV Z hmo Vmo CÝhm|Zo ‘hmà wlrdëb^mMm ©MaUHo$ {b o Omo nXà`moJ {H$ o CgHo$ AmYmana Z Ho$db CÝh|naÝVw CZHo$ AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo ^r AnZo gwöX ‘mZZoHo$ H$maU ‘¢ gmoMVm hÿ§ {H$ ""gqH$gIm `mo{h {hV§ Z dpŠV''

gH$bmÝVamË‘m lrh[a… àgÝZmo ^dVw

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~«÷ m ~«÷mÊS> Am¡a ‘Zwî`Ho$ ApñVËdH$s ImoO(EH$ dmëb^ ÑpîQ>)

qH$pñdX² dZ§ H$ C g d¥j Amg Vmo Úmdmn¥{Wdr {Zï>Vjw:?‘Zr{fUmo ‘Zgm n¥ÀN>VoXw VX² XÜ`{VîR>X² wdZm{Z Yma`Z²&&

(F¥$JdoX10&81&4).

~«÷ dZ§ ~«÷ g d¥j AmgrX² `Vmo Úmdm n¥{Wdr {Zï>Vjw:&‘Zr{fUmo ‘Zgm {d ~«{d{‘ dmo ~«÷mÜ`{VîR>X² wdZm{Z Yma`Z²&&

(V¡.~«m.2&8&9&7).

àíZ: dh H$m¡Z gm dZ Wm, dh H$m¡Z gm d¥j Wm {Ogo H$mQ>-N>m§Q> H$a oAmH$me Am¡a n¥Ïdr bmoH$ ~Zm o J o? {dÛmZm| H$^r AnZo-Amngo nyN> H$a VmoXoImo {H$ BZ wdZm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm H$hm§ I‹S>m h¡, CgH$m AmYma Š`m h¡?

CÎma: dh dZ ~«÷ Wm, dh d¥j ^r ~«÷ Wm {Ogo H$mQ>-Vame H$a oAmH$me Am¡a n¥Ïdr bmoH$ ~Zm o J o h¢. {dÛmZm| AnZo (gÀMo) ‘Zgo EH$ ahñ`Vwåh| H$hVm hÿ§. BZ wdZm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm ~«÷na I‹S>m hþAm h¡. ~«÷ hrCgH$m AmYma h¡

‘mZdr` {MÝVZHo$ g‘J« B{Vhmg‘| ‘Zwî` AnZo Mmam| Am¡a ’¡$bo hþ o BgAZÝV ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gmW ñd §H$m Š`m gå~ÝY h¡ `hr ImoOVm ahm h¡. Bg ImoOH$mì`pîQ> nj h¡… AmË‘{Okmgm-~«÷ `m ~«÷mÊS> Ho$ gmW ì`pŠVH$m Š`m gå~ÝYh¡? Am¡a Bg ImoOH$m EH$ g‘pîQ>nj ^r h¡: na‘mË‘{Okmgm. `h ~«÷mÊS> Š`mEH$ {ZéX²Xoí`-{ZamYma

-{ZîH$maU AZÝV KQ>ZmAm|H$m àdmh h¡ m ~«÷mÊS>H$s BZ AZÝV KQ>ZmAmoH$m|Omo‹S>Zo dmbm H$moB© EH$ gyÌ ^r h¡? BZ KQ>Zmàdmhm|H$m H$moB© EH$ H$maU-AmYma-CX²Xoí` ^r h¡ `m Zht? ~«÷mÊS>H$m H$moB© ~«÷ ^r h¡ `m Zht? `{X ~«÷ h¡ Vmo

Š`m dh {H$gr ‘mZdr` à`moOZde g¥pîQ>{Z‘m©U H$aVm h¡? Š`m Abm¡{H$H$~«÷‘| bm¡{H$H$ à`moOZm|H$s CX² mdZm g§JV Zht?

àíZm|H$m CÎma gab hmoVm `{X ñd`‘² àíZH$Vm© Am¡a CÎmaXmVm XmoZm|‘| hrAÝV…ñ’y$V© AmñWm Am¡a ~mømamo{nV VH©$H$m AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Z hmoVm Vmo.

‘mZdr` MoVZm `m àm{U‘mÌH$s MoVZm ‘| àW‘ àmXw m©d AmñWmH$m hmoVmh¡ {H$ VH©$H$m? Hw$N> bmoJ MoVZmH$s àW‘ CnbpãY-"AmñWm'H$s ì`m»`m OS>`mpÝÌH$ {Z`‘m|‘| H$aZm MmhVo h¢. `hm§ VH$ {H$ S>m{d©ZHo$ {dH$mgdmXr {gÕmÝVHo$àH$Q> hmoZogo nhbo yamonr` {MÝVZ‘| ‘Zwî` Am¡a ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|‘| à‘wI AÝVa`hr ‘mZm OmVm ahm {H$ ‘Zwî`‘| AmË‘m hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ-{dMmaerb àmUr h¡, O~{H$ ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|‘| Zht ! ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|H$mì`dhma EH$ ñd §Mm{bV ÝÌH$s Vah hmoVm h¡ (Animals are mere machines,they are bodies animated but soulless; they lack conciousperception and application though not the appearance of them‹)

Bg Vah ‘Zwî` Am¡a ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|‘| oXÛmam ‘Zwî`‘| AmñWmgo nhob VH©$H$sCnpñW{V ñdrH$mar OmVr h¡.

AVEd, yZmZr Xme©{ZH$m|Zo Bg ~«÷mÊS>‘| ‘Zwî` hr AHo$bm Vm{H©$H$ àmUrh¡, {dMmaerb àmUr h¡, AV… CgH$s {dMmaerbVm‘| hr CgH$m ApñVËdImoOZm Mmhm. (Man is rational animal‹).

maVr` {MÝVZ ‘Zwî`H$mo ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|go CgH$s Ym{‘©H$VmH$s {deofVmHo$H$maU n¥WH²$ ‘mZVm h¡. ‘Zwî` EH$ Ym{‘©H$ new h¡ ""Y‘}U hrZm… new{^…g‘mZm…'' d¡go ""newZm§ g‘Omo@Ý ofm§ g‘mO…'' ‘| newg‘wXm` "g‘O' VWm‘mZdg‘wXm` "g‘mO' H$hbmVm h¡. `m| ‘Zwî`H$mo EH$ gm‘m{OH$ newHo$ ê$n‘|‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|go n¥WH²$ Adí` {H$`m J`m naÝVw n[a^mfmHo$ ê$n‘| ‘Zwî`H$sBg {deofVm-gm‘m{OH$VmH$mo A{YH$ ‘hËd Z {X`m J`m. ""‘Zwî` EH$ gm‘m{OH$new h¡'' dmbr n[a^mfm ^maVr` öX`H$mo ñne© Zht H$a gH$s. CÝh| Vmo ‘Zwî`H$sYm{‘©H$Vm hr A{YH$ ‘hËdnyU© bJVr Wr.

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~mB~bHo$ AZwgma B©ídar` g¥pîQ>‘| ‘Zwî`H$m {Z‘m©U g¥OZ-à{H«$`mH$m"Climax'-Ma‘{~ÝXw Wm. ‘Zwî` hr g¥pîQ>H$m à`moOZ h¡-Ho$ÝÐ h¡, Š`m|{H$ g‘J«g¥pîQ> ‘Zwî`Ho${b`o h¡. gy`©-MÝÐ-Vmao Am{X g^r Hw$N> ^JdmZZo ‘mZdH$sgw{dYmHo$ hoVw ~Zm o h¢. AnZo Abmdm g^r àm{U`m|H$m Cn`moJ ‘Zwî` AnZryI {‘Q>mZo `m AÝ` gw{dYmAm| Ho${b o H$a gH$Vm h¡ ‘Zwî`H$mo (AmX‘H$mo)

^JdmZ²Zo AnZr AmH¥${VHo$ AZwê$n J‹T>m Wm. B©ídaHo$ AZwê$n ‘Zwî`H$m kmZr~ZZm, naÝVw B©ídaH$mo ñdrH$m © Z Wm. AmX‘H$mo kmZ’$b MIZoH$s ‘Zmhr Wr.Cg AkmZmdñWm‘| e¡VmZZo B©dHo$ Ûmam AmX‘H$mo ^a‘m {X`m. dñVwV… Z¡{VH$CÎmaXm{`Ëd‘| ñdVÝÌ AmX‘ A^r gXgX²-{ddoH$àX ’$bH$mo MI Zht nm`mH$sB©ídar` Amkm AWdm e¡VmZr àoaUm‘|, AVEd, gXgX²{ddoH$ gå^d Z hmonm`m. gd©k-X`mb B©ídaZo AnZo {à` AmX‘H$mo Cg CÚmZ‘|, Ohm§ e¡VmZ ^rà{dîQ> hmo gH$Vm Wm, CÝ‘wŠV N>mo‹S> {X`m Am¡a e¡VmZZo AmX‘H$mo ^a‘m hr {X`m.`m| AmX‘Zo kmZ’$b MI {b`m. n[aUm‘V… AmX‘‘| 1.gXgX² {ddoH$ (Knowing

good & evil) 2.BÀN>mñdmVÝË`-Z¡{VH$ CÎmaXm{`Ëd (Moral autonomy)3.AmË‘{Z ©aVm (Relience on self rather than on God) o {deofVmE§àH$Q> hþBª. BZ‘| ^Jd{XÀN>m `m ^Jdëbrbm hoVw Zht Wr {H$ÝVw ‘Zwî` {damoYrEH$ e¡VmZr àoaUmHo$ der^yV hmoH$a B©ídamkmH$m Cëb”Z hr hoVw Wm. `o{deofVmE§ ‘mZmo Cg AnamYHo$ XÊS>ê$n àH$Q> hþB© Wr. AVEd A~ Z Vmo {ZînmnOrdZ hr gå^d ah J`m Am¡a Z ñdJu` A‘aVm hr. AmX‘H$m ñdJ©go AY…nmVybmoH$na hþAm, ZaH$nmVH$s y{‘H$mHo$ ê$n‘| AmX‘Ho$ ‘hmnVZ‘| hoVw yV AmX‘rH$s

EH$‘mÌ ‘hÎmm-{dMmaerbVm !

yZmZgo {damgV‘| {‘br ‘Zwî`Ho$ EH$‘mÌ {dMmaerb àmUr hmoZoH$s YmaUmB©gmB`VmHo$ gmW AnZm Vmb‘ob Z ~¡R>m nm`r. ~w{Õ‘Îmm Omo daXmZê$n ‘mZrOmVr ahr, EH$ A{^emnH$m ê$n boZo bJr. kmZHo$ ’$bH$m ñdmX ‘rR>m Wm `mH$‹S>dm `h {ZíM` Z hmo nm`m. ""‘Zwî` EH$ {dMmaerb àmUr h¡'' H$s YmaUmeZ¡…-eZ¡… ""‘Zwî` EH$ nmnerb àmUr h¡'' ‘| ê$nmÝV[aV hmoZo bJr.

‘Zwî`Ho$ gånyU© ApñVËdH$s ì`m»`mH$m ‘ybmYma AmX‘H$m ‘ybnmn ~ZJ`m "Originl Sin'-‘Zwî`H$m nmnr hmoZm CgH$s {Z`{V ~Z JB©. `{X Bg~«÷mÊS>‘| H$ht H$moB© nmnr àmUr h¡ Vmo dh ‘Zwî` hr-nmnr hmoZm ‘Zwî`H$m {ZOrEH$mÝV ñdê$n ~Z J`m. d¡go H$hZoH$mo e¡VmZ ^r nmnr h¡ naÝVw Cgo ZaH$ `mVZmXoZm `m IË‘ H$aZm B©ídaHo$ gm‘Ï ©H$s ~mha ~mV h¡, `m {’$a gd©g‘W© B©ídae¡VmZH$mo IË‘ H$aZm Zht MmhVm. e¡VmZ‘| e¡Vm{Z`V B©ídar` AZwkmna ‘mZmo{Z ©a hmo Am¡a ‘Zwî`‘| e¡Vm{Z`V B©ídamdkmna. ‘Zwî`Ho$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o AnamY,{OZH$m CËg H$ht Z H$ht kmZ’$b‘| hr hmoVm h¡, H$m XÊS> ‘Zwî`H$mo {‘bVm h¡,emídV ZaH$mp½Z‘| Xmh (The eternal fire of hell) Ho$ ê$n‘|. dñVwV… `{XBZ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o AnamYm|go B©ídaH$mo BVZm H$îQ> nhw§MVm hmo Vmo e¡VmZH$s Ohm§nhþ§M hmo Eogo CÚmZ‘| ‘Zwî`H$mo EH$mH$s CÝ‘wŠV Zht N>mo‹S>Zm Mm{h o Wm. {~MmaoAmX‘Ho$ e¡VmZr à^md‘| Am OmZo na Cgo Eogo à^mdgo ‘wŠV H$aZoHo$ ~Om`B©ídaZo e¡VmZH$s ~{bdoXrna Z Ho$db AmX‘H$s naÝVw CgH$s gmar ^mdrnrT>rH$s ^r ~{b Xo Xr ‘mpŠd©g X goX H$hVm h¡ {H$ B©ídaHo$ Bg àW‘ nmnH$sà{V{H«$`m hr gmao ‘mZdr` nmn h¢. ""....and human sin contineus to be

mans answer to divine sin''. hVme EH$ em`a H$hVm h¡:

{µOÝXJr Š`m h¡, JwZmho AmX‘& {OÝXJr h¡ Vmo, JwZhJma hÿ§ ‘¢&&

`Ú{n B©ídaHo$ g‘j EH$ AnamYr ~Zo ahZo‘| AnZr gÎmmH$mo ImoOZoHo$~Om` `m Vmo ñd §H$m {‘Q> OmZm A{YH$ C{MV àVrV hmoVm h¡, `m {’$a CgB©ídaH$mo {‘Q>mZm, {OgHo$ g‘j AnamYr ~Zo ahZm h‘mar EH$ {Z`{V hmo.X`mbwVm `m H¥$nmbwVm Am{X g‘ñV {Xì` JwU ^r {Z^©a H$aVo h¢ B©ídaHo$ñd^mdna Zht naÝVw AmX‘rHo$ hrZ^mdna-AmX‘rHo$ JwZhJma hmoZona-

Cå‘rXo Ow‘© na hr H$a‘H$m Ohÿa Wm& ~ÝXm AJa H$gya Z H$aVm H$gya Wm&&

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naoemZ h¢ {~Mmao gy’$s gÝV {H$ AmX‘rHo$ JwZmhHo$ H$maU B©ída X`mbw h¡ `mB©ídaH$s X`mbwVmHo$ H$maU AmX‘rH$mo JwZhJma ~Zm`m J`m h¡. Iæ`m‘ H$hVmh¡:

Zm H$Xm© JwZh Xa Ohm§ H$sñV {~Jmo CZ H$g {H$ JwZh Zm H$X© My§ OrñV {~Jmo& ‘Z ~X Hw$Z‘² Amo Vy ~X² ‘wH$m’$mV {Xhr ng ’$H©$ {‘`mZo ‘Z Amo Vy MrñV {~Jmo&&

Bg OJV‘| H$m¡Z Eogm h¡ {H$ {OgZo JwZmh Z {H$`m hmo? AmpIa {~Zm JwZmh{H$ o Vmo AmX‘r Or ^r Zht gH$Vm. hm§, ‘¢ ~wao H$m‘ H$aVm hÿ§, na Vy ^r Vmo~wam XÊS> XoVm h¡ A~ ~Vm {H$ ‘oao Am¡a Voao ~rM‘| ’$H©$ Š`m ahm? Iæ`m‘ `hnyN>Z|H$s Owa©V H$a boVm h¡ na ga‘X {~Mmam H$hVm h¡…

AO Ow‘© ’$Ow§ `mâVmA‘ ’$Áb Vwam& Bª ewX g~~o ‘mgrAVo ~oe ‘am&& ha MÝX H$a‘ ~oe JwZh ~oeVañV& XrX‘ h‘mOm Am¡ AmO‘yX‘ h‘mOm&&

‘oao AnamYm|H$s Anojm Voar H¥$nm ‘wPo A{YH$ {‘br. ‘oao A{YH$ AnamYrhmoZoH$m hoVw, Voar A{YH$ H¥$nm h¡. {OVZr A{YH$ H¥$nm Vy H$aVm OmVm h¡ CggoA{YH$Va AnamY ‘¢ H$aZo bJVm hÿ§. `h ‘¢Zo gd©Ì XoIm h¢ Am¡a `hr ‘¢Zo gd©ÌAmO‘m`m h¡.

`Ú{n B©ídaH$m X`mbw hmoZm AmX‘rHo$ JwZmhm|H$s {M{H$Ëgm Wr naÝVw BbmO~‹T>Vm Mbm J`m Vmo ‘O© Am¡a Á`mXm ~‹T> J`m gÝV AJñVmB©Z na‘oídaH$sÑpîQ>‘| gÚmoOmV {eewH$mo ^r nmnr ‘mZVo h¢…

""AmX‘rHo$ nmnm|H$mo {YŠH$ma Vw‘Zo AmX‘rH$mo ~Zm`m, naÝVwAmX‘rHo$ AÝXa ahVo nmn Vwåhmao ~Zm o hþE Zht h¢. H$moB© ^r ‘Zwî`Vwåhmar ÑpîQ>‘| n{dÌ Zht, dh {eew ^r Zht {Ogo OÝ‘ {b o hþEA^r Ho$db EH$ {XZ hr ~rVm h¢. (Woe to sins of men!...youhave made him but the sin that is in him you have not

made. ...for in your sight no man is clean, not even theinfant who have has lived but a day upon earth).

Bg Vah yamon‘| ‘mZdr` MoVZm ~më`mdñWm‘| nmnr hmoZoHo$ ~moY ^maH$moEH$ ‘yH$-Aghm` {eewH$s Vah PobVr ahr. {dÐmoh hmoZm naÝVw H$^r Z H$^rA{Zdm © Wm. AVEd ‘Zwî`Zo AnZo ApñVËdH$mo B©ídaHo$ à{V {dÐmoh‘| ImoOZmMmhm. B©gmB© V H$ht Z H$ht ‘Zwî`Ho$ ApñVËdH$s ì`m»`m ""‘¢ nmnr hÿ§ AV…‘oam ApñVËd h¡'' ‘| ImoOVr ahr-naÝVw {dÐmohH$s dmUr H$hZm MmhVr Wr {H$""‘¢ {dÐmoh H$aVm hÿ§ AV… ‘oam ApñVËd h¡''.

{dÐmohH$s `h gwfwßV {MZJmar ‘mZdr` MoVZm‘| gd©Xm ^`-A{ZíM`-lÕm-X‘ZH$s amI‘| T>H$s hþB© gwbJVr ahr. AmYw{ZH$ ApñVËddmXr Xme©{ZH$Á`m§ nm°b gmÌ© AnZo "b ‘moe' (the Fly) Zm‘H$ ZmQ>H$‘| Bg ‘mZdr` {dÐmohAm¡a CgHo$ H$maUH$m EH$ {dbjU {MÌ àñVwV H$aVo h¢:

AJm}g Zm‘H$ amÁ`Ho$ amOmH$s hË`m ñd § amZr Am¡a CgHo$ào‘r EOrpñWAg H$a XoVo h¢. amOHw$‘ma AmoaoñQ>gH$mo EH$ d’$mXmaZm¡H$a ~MmH$a bo OmVm h¡ Am¡a nmbnmog H$a ~‹S>m H$aVm h¡. dhamOHw$‘ma AnZo {nVmHo$ dYH$m à{VemoY boZo AJm}g bm¡Q> AmVm h¡.`hm§ AJm£g‘| ào‘r-ào{‘H$m AnZm AnamY àH$Q> Zht H$aVo. AV…AnamYrH$m nVm Z MbZoHo$ H$maU g‘yMm amÁ` emídV emoH$ Ed§àm`píMV H$aVm ahVm h¡. amÁ`Ho$ ‘mÝ` XodVm OrAgH$mo amOHw$‘maH$sà{VemoY-^mdZm ngÝX Zht AmVr. AV… amZrHo$ ào‘r EOrpñWAgH$mo,Bg Z o AnamYrH$mo XpÊS>V H$aZoHo${b o ào[aV H$aVm h¡.

""‘¢ {Zî’$b AnamY ngÝX Zht H$aVm. ‘wPo Vwåhmam(EOrpñWAgH$m) AnamY R>rH$ bJm Wm. Š`m|{H$ dh EH$ ~ohÿXr-^X²Xr hË`m Wr. dh EH$ Eogm AnamY Wm {H$ {Og‘| {H$gr àH$maH$sgmdYmZr Zht Wr-‘mZm| EH$ nwamVZ ^mdZmgo {H$`m J`m H¥$Ë`. dh‘Zwî`Ho$ H¥$Ë`Ho$ ~Om` EH$ {dn{Îm hr A{YH$ àVrV hmoVm Wm. EH$jU ‘mÌHo${b o ^r Vw‘ ‘oao {déÕ Zht J o, Vw‘Zo ^` Am¡a H«$moY Ho$

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CÝ‘mX‘| Vwåhma| aH$s~ amOmH$mo ‘ma S>mbm. na O~ dh CÝ‘mX emÝVhþAm Am¡a Vw‘Zo AnZo H¥$Ë`H$mo K¥Um ^ar ÑpîQ>go XoIm Vmo Vwåhmao{b oCgo ñdrH$maZm EH$ H${R>ZmB© hmo JB©. {’$a ^r ‘wPo {H$VZm bm^ hþAmEH$ ‘¥V ì`pŠVHo${b o ~rg hOma Or{dV ì`pŠV àm`píMÎm‘{bZ hmoaho h¢ hm§, dh EH$ AÀN>m gm¡Xm nQ>m Wm...A^r dh (amOHw$‘ma)AnZr `moOZm empÝVnyd©H$ {d{YdV² Am¡a ~‹S>o àgÝZ hmoH$a K‹S> ahmh¡. ‘wPo Eogo {ZpíMV², {Zb©ÁO Am¡a emÝV hË`mnamYgo Š`m bm^ OmohË`maoH$s MoVZm‘| EH$ hbHo$ JmoIê$gm {MnH$m aho? Zht, ‘¢ EogoAnamYH$mo MbZo Zht Xy§Jm. ZB© nr‹T>rHo$ Eogo gmao AnamYm|go ‘wPo Vrd«K¥Um h¡. `o AnamY H¥$VkVma{hV-Cd©aVma{hV EH$ gyIo hdmHo$PmoHo$go hmoVo h¢. hm§, dh wdH$ Vwåhmar hË`m H$aoJm-O¡go H$moB© ‘wJuHo$~ÀMoH$mo H$mQ>Vm hmo-dh IyZgo gZo hmWm|H$mo Am¡a AnZo gm’$ {XbH$moboH$a ~mha {ZH$b Om oJm. ZrMm, naÝVw, Vwåhmar OJh ‘wPo XoIZmn‹S>oJm. ~wbmAmo Vwåhmao AmX{‘`m|H$mo (dh Vwåh| ‘maZoH$m `ËZ H$a|,CgH|$ nhbo) Cgo C{MV XÊS> do Xo X|.''

‘Zwî`H$mo Ho$db nmnr Am¡a B©ídH$mo Ý`m`ào‘r j‘mdmZ ì`pŠV ‘mZZoHo${gÕmÝVH$s ApÝV‘ n[aU{V, na‘oídaHo$ Eogo (A)ñdm^m{dH$ {dH$mg‘| hmoVr h¡.

AmoaoñQ>g AmVm h¡-AnZo {nVmH$s hË`mH$m à{VemoY boVm h¡.‘w‘yfw© EOrpñWAg Cggo nyN>Vm h¡ {H$ dh AnZo Bg AnamYH$màm`píMÎm H$aoJm {H$ Zht. amOHw$‘ma Odm~ XoVm h¡ {H$ C{MVH¥$Ë`H$m àm`píMÎm Zht {H$`m OmVm. EOrpñWAg H$hVm h¡, {H$gr^r H¥$Ë`H$m Am¡{MË` B©ídar` {dYmZna Adbpå~V hmoVm h¡, ‘mZdH$sñd¡a H$m‘ZmAm|na Zht. amOHw$‘ma H$hVm h¡, ""‘wPo Š`m nadmhna‘oída OrAgH$s? Ý`m` Vmo Xmo ‘Zwî`moHo$ ~rMH$s ~mV h¡ Am¡a dhB©ídago Zht grIZm h¡. Vwåhmao O¡go YyV© new (EOrpñWAg)H$mo IË‘H$aZm ‘oao{b o C{MV H¥$Ë` h¡-AJm}g amÁ`H$s àOmH$mo CgH$s ‘mZdr`‘hÎmmgo ‘pÊS>V H$aZm gd©Wmhr C{MV H¥$Ë` h¡''.

OrAg ^JdmZ² AmVo h¢ Am¡a amOHw$‘maH$mo AnZo XwîH¥$Ë`H$màm`píMÎm H$aZoHo${b o g‘PmVo h¢. yH$ån, gyIm, {~Obr-{JamZm,g‘wÐ-gwImZm O¡gr S>amdZr Y‘H$s XoVo h¢. amOHw$‘ma S>aVm Zht. dhgmao XÊS>m|H$mo ghf© wJVZoHo${bE V¡ ma h¡. dh H$hVm h¡ {H$ OrAgXodVmAm|H$m emgH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡, ‘Zwî`H$m Zht. OrAg {M‹T>H$anyN>Vm h¡ ""Vwåho {H$gZo ~Zm`m?'' amOHw$‘ma CÎma XoVm h¡ ""Vw‘Zo,naÝVw `h ‘V ybmo {H$ Vw‘Zo ‘wPo ñdVÝÌ ~Zm`m h¡. em`X `hVwåhmar JbVr hmo gH$Vr h¡. na ‘Zwî` ~Zm`m J`m h¡ ñdVÝÌ hr''OrAg H$hVm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî`H$mo ñdVÝÌ Bg{b o ~Zm`m {H$ ñdVÝÌV`mB©ídamamYZ H$a gHo$. naÝVw amOHw$‘ma CÎma XoVm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî`H$s `hB©ída àXÎm ñdVÝÌVm A~ B©ída {dÐmoh‘| H$m‘ Am ahr h¡. Am¡a ZB©ídaHo$ nmg H$moB© Cnm` h¡ Z ‘Zwî`Ho$ nmg!

""kmZ-BÀN>m-à`ËZ‘| ñdVÝÌ ‘Zwî`+e¡VmZH$s VwbZm‘| {Z~©b‘Zwî`+B©ídaH$s ÑpîQ>‘| nmnr ‘Zwî`+Ý`m`ào‘r X`mbw na‘oída={dÐmoh''. EH$J{UVHo$ {Z`‘m| gr Y«wd {Z`{V {XIbmB© XoVr h¡.

o dMZ aIo J o h¢, gå^dV:, "Orgg' Üd{Zgmå`de, "OrAg'Ho$‘wI‘|. AÝ`Wm bú` `hm§ `hÿXr-B©gmB© naånamHo$ na‘oída hr h¢. `h EH$Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ` h¡ {H$ àmMrZ yZmZr Ym{‘©H$Vm AmíM ©OZH$ ê$n‘| àH¥${VHo$à{V H¥$VkVmH$m ^md ì`ŠV H$aVr h¡. ‘yb nmnHo$ ‘yb‘| dhm§ e¡VmZr epŠV ZhtnaÝVw EH$ ^maVr` H$m‘Xod O¡gr X¡dr epŠV "BamoµO' H$m‘ H$a ahr hmoVr h¡.{damQ²> àH¥${V `m OrdZHo$ n[aàoú`‘| ‘mZd {ZíM` hr EH$ loîR> AmXe© {XIbmB©XoVm h¡. ~mX‘| O~ {damoYr bmoJ yZmZ‘| à~b hmo J o Vmo Y‘© ^r ^`mH«$mÝV hmoJ`m Am¡a B©gmB© VHo$ AmJ‘ZH$s V¡ m[a`m§ hmoZo bJt.

""B©gmB© AmñWm àmaå^go hr ~{bXmZH$s ^mdZmna AmYm[aVahr h¡-ñdVÝË`H$m ~{bXmZ, namYrZVm, AmË‘monhmg Am¡a AmË‘moÀN>oXH$s d¥{Îm `hm§ ~hþV à~b h¡ ...AmO wamonr` ZmpñVH$VmH$m gÝX ©h¡:na‘oídaHo$ "na‘{nVm', "na‘Ý`m`r' VWm "na‘ H¥$nmbw' hmoZoH$m

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AñdrH$ma; ‘Zwî`Ho$ BÀN>mñdmVÝË`H$mo na‘oída nyU©V`m ‘mÝ` H$aZmZht MmhVm; ‘mÝ` H$a ^r bo Vmo na‘oídaHo$ nmg ‘Zwî`Ho$ ghm`H$~Z nmZoH$s OmZH$mar Zht h¡. g~go Iam~ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ na‘{nVmna‘Ý`m`r na‘X`mbw na‘oída AnZr ~mV gm’$-gm’$ ‘Zwî`naOm{ha Zht H$a nmVm. dh AnZo Amn‘| ^r ñnîQ> Zht h¡ {H$ dh Š`mMmhVm h¡. o ~mV| AŠga MMm©‘| àíZmoÎmaHo$ ê$n‘| C^aVr h¢ Am¡ayamonr` B©íddmXH$s AdZ{VH$m H$maU ~ZVr h¢. `h {ZpíMV h¡ {H$yamon‘| Ym{‘©H$ mdZm m yI Vmo ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¡ naÝVw B©ídadmXH$s

Amoago Omo Hw$N> g‘mYmZ {X`m OmVm h¡, Cgo EH$ Jhao A{dídmgnyd©H$AñdrH$maZoH$s d¥{Îm ^r ñnîQ> {XIbmB© XoVr h¡''. ({~`m|S> JwS> E§S>B©{db : ZrQ²>eo).

nwZOm©JaU H$mbH$m {MÝVZ OmZo-AZOmZo Bgr A{dídmgHo$ e§IZmXH$mWm. H$B© ì`pŠV`m|Zo `h e§IZmX H$B© Vahgo {H$`m. `hm§ Ü`mZ XoZo bm`H$ ~mV`h h¡ {H$ 1.àmapå^H$ yZmZr Y‘© Am¡a Xe©Z 2.‘Ü`H$mbrZ B©gmB© Y‘© Am¡aXe©Z VWm 3.AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ Am¡a Xe©Z o VrZm| hr nañna {damoYr ñd^mdàH$Q> H$aVo aho h¢.

1.àmapå^H$ yZmZr ÑpîQ>‘| EH$ gm¡ÝX ©~moY Wm dh CZHo$ Y‘© Am¡a Xe©ZXmoZm|‘| hr n[ab{jV hmoVm Wm. `Ú{n Y‘© Am¡a Xe©Z ‘| Amngr Q>ŠH$a dhm§ ^rH$B© ~ma ~hþV OmoaXma hþB©. BgHo$ ~mdOyX XmoZm| ÑpîQ>H$moUm|‘| EH$ g‘mZ ñd^mdOmo yZmZH$m AnZm EH$ amîQ´>r` ñd^md Wm, N>m`m hþAm ahm. ~«÷mÊS>Ho${b oà`wŠV "COSMOS' eãX hr e¥“madmMr ^r h¡. ~«÷mÊS> CZHo${b`o EH$H$bmË‘H$ gO©Z Wm. Eogo ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gm‘Zo ‘mZdH$s ÑpîQ>, gamhZm^ar-AmXa^md wŠV {dñ‘`H$s Wr. ‘mZmo EH$ àgÝZ H«$sS>maV ~mbH$H$s ÑpîQ>‘| O~AnZo Z o pIbm¡ZoHo${b o AH$ñ‘mV² {OkmgmH$m ^md C{XV hmo Om o Hw$N> EogrÑpîQ>go yZmZr MoVZmZo ~«÷mÊS>H$mo {ZaIZm Mmhm. ~«÷mÊS>H$mo naIZm ^r MmhmVmo EH$ H$bmào‘r `m H$bmg§J«mhH$ H$s hr ÑpîQ>go. `h R>rH$ h¡ {H$ ^maVr`MoVZmH$s Vah ~m¡{ÕH$ {díbofUHo$ ~Om` Ü`mZ-g‘m{YÛmam gË`Ho$ gmjmËH$maH$sd¥{Îm Zht Wr, naÝVw `h {díbofU ~«÷mÊS>H$m EH$ àmU a{hV OS> edHo$

{díbofU gm Zht Wm. dh {díbofU ^r EH$ H$bm{díbofU Wm, H$bmHo$ JwU-Xmofm|H$mo naIZoH$s d¥{Îmgo {H$`m J`m {díbofU.

`h g‘J« ~«÷mÊS> ‘mZmo EH$ ‘hVr yZmZr ZmQ²>çembm({W oQ>a) Wr, {Og‘|g^r VahHo$ ZmQ>H$ Xw:ImÝV Am¡a gwImÝV Mb aho Wo Am¡a yZmZr MoVZm EH$gådoXZerb Xe©H$H$s Vah CZ KQ>ZmAmo‘| AnZm VmXmå`-AnZm à{V{~å~ XoInmVr Wr. ì`pŠVMoVZm Am¡a ~«÷mÊS>-g‘pîQ>‘| EH$ g§dmX Wm VmXmå` Wm-ewÕmÛ¡V Wm.

2.‘Ü`H$mbrZ B©gmB© Y‘© VWm Xe©Z Zo ~«÷ `m ~«÷mÊS> Ho$ gmW ‘mZdr`MoVZm `m ApñVËd Ho$ ~rM Bg ewÕmÛ¡V `m VmXmå` H$s pñW{VH$mo {‘Q>mZoH$m^agH$ à`mg {H$`m. ~«÷mÊS>go H$Q>H$a-~«÷go {^ÝZ hmoH$a O~ h‘ ~«÷mÊS>H$mHo$ÝÐ ~ZZm MmhVo h¢ V~ OS>Ho$ à{V ahr VwÀN> ^mdZm VWm ‘mZdr` XohH$mOS>ê$n `m ^m¡{VH$ hmoZm h‘mao AÝXa AmË‘½bm{Z Am¡a AnamY H$m ^md OJmVmh¡. Bg ^m¡{VH$ Xoh‘| AmË‘MoVZmH$s A{^ì`pŠV `m YamVbna ‘Zwî`H$m AewAmJ‘Z ñdJ©go AY:nmVHo$ ê$n‘| {M{ÌV hmoVm h¡. Bg AY…nmVH$m Z¡{VH$CÎmaXm{`Ëd nwZ: h‘na WmonZm AmË‘½bm{ZH$mo A{YH$m{YH$ Jhar ~ZmVm h¡.ñd § AnZo Am¡a Bg g¥pîQ>Ho$ à{V h‘mao ^mdm|‘| EH$ {dH$amb ‘mZ{gH$ Û¡VCËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. EH$ Amoa h‘ H$hVo h¢ {H$ B©ída gd©H$Vm© gd©g‘W© Am¡a EH$gd©ew epŠV h¡ Am¡a AVEd Omo Hw$N> h‘| Bg ~«÷mÊS>‘| loîR> bJVm hmo dhh‘mao H$maU Zht naÝVw na‘oídaHo$ H$maU h¡. Xygar Amoa e¡VmZH$s VwbZm‘|‘Zwî`H$m {Z~©b naÝVw ñdVÝÌ hmoZm EH$ gmW OJVH$s gmar Iam{~`m|-~wamB`m|H$s {Oå‘oXmar h‘na Wmon XoZoHo$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡. na‘oída gd©g‘W© hmoZona^r e¡VmZH$mo Z Vmo amoH$ gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z IË‘ hr H$a gH$Vm h¡. na‘ ewhmoZoHo$ H$maU AnZr g¥pîQ>‘| {H$gr ^r àH$maH$s e¡Vm{Z`V na‘oída MmhVm ^rZht ’$bV: AnZo Bg AÝVÛ©ÝÛH$m "XÊS>' na‘oída AnZo {à` AmX‘H$moe¡VmZHo$ gmW { ‹S>mH$a amo‘Ho$ Zramo ~mXemhH$s Vah ‘Zwî`H$s e¡VmZr epŠVÛmamnme{dH$ Am¡a Iy§Ima Mra’$m‹S> XoIZo‘| ‘Om boH$a Xo XoVm h¡.

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3.~«÷ `m ~«÷mÊS> Am¡a ì`pŠVMoVZmHo$ Û¡V VWm na‘oída Am¡a e¡VmZ Ho$Û¡V H$s ‘moh{ZÐmgo OJZm A{Zdm © Wm. AV: yamonr` ‘mZdH$mo OJmZo dmbm|Ho$H$B© Zm‘ h‘mao gm‘Zo AmVo h¢:

‘m{Q©>Z byWa (1483-1546) H$mona{ZH$g (1473-1543) Jobo{b`mo(1564-1642) ~oH$Z (1561-1626) XoH$mV} (1596-1650) Ý`yQ>Z(1642-1727) S>rS´>mo (1713-1784) S>m{d©Z (1802-1882) H$mb©‘mŠg©(1818-1883) ’«$m`S> (1856-1939) BË`m{X. ‘Ü`H$mbrZ AZoH$ ‘mohm|H$moVmo‹S>ZoH$m lo BÝht ‘hmZw mdm|H$mo àmßV hmoVm h¡. g‘yMm nwZOm©JaU ì`pŠV Am¡a~«÷mÊS> VWm na‘oída Am¡a e¡VmZ H$s Û¡VdmXr {ZÐmH$mo N>mo‹S>H$a H$ht Am§IImobZm, H$ht A§J‹S>mB© boZm, H$ht ~¡R>Zm, H$ht I‹S>o hmoZm Am¡a H$ht MbZobJZoH$s gr ~mV h¡. OmZo-AZOmZo OJV² Am¡a ‘mZdr` MoVZm, OJV Am¡aOJXre VWm AÝVV: na‘oída Am¡a e¡VmZ Ho$ ~rM EH$ VmXmå`, EH$ ewÕmÛ¡VH$sñWmnZmH$s Amoa à`mg h¡. AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ Xe©ZH$m yamonr`Ym{‘©H$ ‘mÝ`VmAm|Ho$ gmW g§Kf© XoIH$a Am¡a Bg g§Kf©‘| {dkmZH$s ~m¡{ÕH${dO` XoIH$a h‘mao Ym{‘©H$ njnmVH$mo AmKmV bJVm h¡. H$ht Z H$ht h‘mao‘ZHo$ A§Yoao H$moZo‘| H$moB© Mmoa gm {N>nVm hþAm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ àË`j {dO`àmßV H$aZodmbo {dkmZ Am¡a lÕmde {Q>Ho$ ahZo dmbo Y‘©Ho$ ~rM h‘| {H$gnjH$mo AnZmZm Mm{h o? naÝVw h‘mao Cn{ZfXm|Zo ""Û¡V ^`H$m ‘yb h¡'' H$hH$ah‘| nhbo gmdYmZ H$a {X`m Wm. AV: Û¡VIÊS>Z EH$ AÝ` nj h¡ Am¡a Ym{‘©H$ghOd¥{Îm EH$ Xygam hr nj h¡. BZHo$ {ddoH$H$mo ImoZm Zht Mm{h o. {dkmZYm{‘©H$ d¥{ÎmH$m IÊS>Z Zht H$a gH$Vm. dh Vmo ImZo-nrZo-gmoZo-OJZo-Ky‘Zo-{dMma H$aZo-ñZoh H$aZo O¡gr hr EH$ AÝ`V‘ ghO Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ d¥{Îm h¡.AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo IÊS>Z {H$`m h¡ Cg Û¡VdmXH$m {Ogo ghO Ym{‘©H$ d¥{Îmdeyamonr` MoVZmZo ñdrH$ma {b`m. {dkmZ IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡ Bgr Û¡VdmXH$m {Ogo

h‘mao `hm§ ^r ~«÷ Am¡a ‘m`m `m OJV² Am¡a OJXreHo$ Û¡VHo$ ê$n‘| {M{ÌV {H$`mOmVm h¡.

AmYw{ZH$ {dMmam|Ûmam {H$ o J o Bgr Û¡VdmXHo$ H«y$a IÊS>ZH$m A~ h‘| Hw$N>ImH$m ItMZm h¡.

nmonH$s {Za§Hw$e H$ënZm, BÀN>m Am¡a Amkm Ho$ {damoY‘| gd©àW‘ EH$geŠV dmUr ‘m{Q©>Z byWa‘| ‘wI[aV hþB©. Bg {dÐmohH$s dmUrH$mo X~m`m Z OmgH$m, gmao X‘Z Am¡a AË`mMma Ho$ àH$mam|Ho$ ~mdOyX. EH$ {XZ Bg {dÐmohH$sdmUrZo H$mona{ZH$ggm dŠVm nmH$a EH$ Am¡a ahñ` Imob {X`m {H$ ~«÷mÊS>Ho$Ho$ÝБ| n¥Ïdr Zht h¡ ‘mZdr` Ah‘²H$s àVrH$ n¥Ïdr ApñWa hmo JB©-gy ©Ho$BX©{JX© MŠH$a H$mQ>Zodmbo h‘mao Ah‘²H$mo ~«÷mÊS>-Ho$ÝÐgo nXÀ wV H$a gy © CgnXna Amê$T> hmo J`m. A~ `h ‘mZZm H${R>Z hmo J`m {H$ gy © ‘Zwî`Ho$ {XZH$moàH$m{eV aIZoHo${b o ~Zm`m J`m Wm. J¡bo{b`moH$mo r d¡km{ZH$ ahñ` àH$meZHo$AnamY‘| XÊS> wJVZm nS>m Wm. BYa {dJV ~fm}‘| CgH$m Ho$g nwZ… Imobm J`mAm¡a Cgo A{YH¥$V ê$n‘| j‘mXmZ {‘b J`m naÝVw ImoVr Mbr JB© ‘Ü`H$mbrZ‘mÝ`VmE§ d¡km{ZH$ CnbpãY`m|H$s AmoQ>‘| ~oH$ZHo$ Ûmam O~ Z o VH©$ emñÌH$màmXw m©d hþAm Vmo XoH$mV}H$mo gÝXoh hmoZo bJm-àmMrZ ñdrH¥$V {gÕmÝVm| na,gÝXoh hmoZo bJm g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ {H«$`m H$bmnm| Ed‘² {Z`‘m| na ^r. EH$ ZdrZ{MÝVZ`mÌmH$m Amaå^ {~ÝXw ~Zm gÝXoh, gd©J«mgr gÝXoh-""X Am°påZ~gÚw{~VmÝX‘²''.

A~ B©ídar` emñÌdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana Z Vmo ~«÷mÊS> {gÕ hmo gH$Vm WmAm¡a Z ‘Zwî`H$m Cg‘| ApñVËd. ñd`‘² B©ídar` emñÌ ^r gpÝX½Y hmoZo bJoAm¡a B©ídar` gÎmm ^r. gÝXohHo$ Bg {dñ’$moQ>‘| Omo T>h Z gH$m dh Wm:gÝXohH$Vm© ‘Zwî`H$m ApñVËd. `{X ñd § ‘¢ Zht Vmo gÝXoh {H$go hmo ahm h¡? ‘¢gÝXoh H$aVm hÿ§ AV… ‘oam ApñVËd h¡. emñÌàm‘mÊ`Ho$ ^dZ‘| ^r Bgr gÝXoh{dñ’$moQ>H$m YwAm§ ^a OmZogo B©ída ^r A~ gÝXohH$Vm©Ho$ ApñVËdHo$ IÊS>ha‘|{N>nZoH$s H$mo{ee H$aZo bJm, H$moOrVmo EJm} gw‘, ‘¢ gÝXoh H$aVm hÿ§ AV… ‘oamApñVËd h¡. ‘oao ApñVËdH$s YmaUm {OVZr ñnîQ> h¡ CVZr ñnîQ>Vm `{X B©ídaH$sYmaUm‘| ^r {XIbmB© n‹S>Vr hmo Vmo B©ídaH$m ApñVËd ^r gå^d h¡.

Bg IÊS>haHo$ Zd {Z‘m©U‘| AmñWmHo$ bMrbo {Z`‘ H$m‘‘| Zht bm o J o,{H$ÝVw VH©$Ho$ H$R>moa {Z`‘ hr bm o J o. ’$bV… ‘Zwî`H$s MoVZm‘| ~«÷mÊS> Ed‘²àm{UOJVH$m {MÌ ^r EH$ ñdV…Mm{bV `ÝÌH$s gr H$R>moaVm {b o hþE C^am.

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ñdV…Mm{bV `ÝÌ O~ ñd`‘od Mb gH$Vm h¡ Vmo àmH¥${VH$ {Z`‘ Š`m|ñdV…Mm{bV Zht hmo gH$Vo? Ý yQ>ZHo$ {hgm~go {~Zm {H$gr MoVZ ghm`H$Ho$H$moB© ^r OS>{nÊS> V~ VH$ MbVm ahVm h¡ O~ VH$ CgHo$ ‘mJ©‘| H$moB© AdamoYZ Am Om o. n¥Ïdr ^r gy ©Ho$ BX© {JX© ñdV… Ky‘ ahr h¡ Am¡a H$moB© ì`dYmZCnpñWV Z hmoZona Ky‘Vr hr ahoJr. ~«÷mÊS> EH$ ñdV…Mm{bV `ÝÌ h¡ BgoMbmZodmbr epŠVH$s H$moB© Anojm Zht ""The prime mover'' H$s ^r AnojmZht. d¡km{ZH$m|Ho$ AZwgma `h ~«÷mÊS> {’$a ^r Chaos-Km§Kbr Zht h¡ naÝVwCosmos EH$ {Z`‘~Õ ñdV…Mm{bV VÝÌ h¡. hm§, {~Zm {H$gr MmbH$Ho$ `h~«÷mÊS>H$s Jm‹S>r Mb ahr h¡, na H$hm§ nhþ§Mm oJr `h h‘|, BgH$m JÝVì` ñWbH$m¡Zgm h¡? à`moOZde MbZm MoVZ ñd^mdH$s à{H«$`m h¡. ~«÷mÊS> Vmo ñd`‘odMb ahm h¡ AV… BgHo$ MbZo‘| Z Vmo H$moB© à`moOZ h¡ Am¡a Z `h H$hr nhþ§MZm`m nhþMmZm hr MmhVm h¡. BgH$s {Z`{V h¡ Ho$db MbZm, {Z`‘~Õ MbZm,Š`m|{H$ {Z`‘~ÕVm Am¡a J{VerbVm `h OS>{nÊS>H$m ñd^md h¡. OS> `hm§ MoVZ~Z J`m Am¡a MoVZ ~Z J`m OS>. OS> Am¡a MoVZ ‘| Û¡V g‘mßV hmo J`md¡km{ZH$m|Ho$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| ì`dñWm (Order) h¡ naÝVw à`moOZ (Purpose)H$m{dMma A~ ’¡$eZo~b Zht ahm.

na‘oída d¡km{ZH$m|go nyN> ahm Wm ""Š`m ‘¢ AmnH$s Hw$N> ghm`Vm H$agH$Vm hÿ§? (May I help you‹)'' Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ H$hZm MmhVm h¡. ""YÝ`dmXh‘mam ñd`ÄMm{bV ~«÷mÊS>`ÝÌ R>rH$go H$m‘ Xo ahm h¡ (No thanks! It is

O.K.)''. S>rS´>moHo$ {dídH$mof‘| EH$ ^r boI na‘oídana Zht {bIm J`m Wm.’«$m§g Zaoe naoemZ Wm{H$ Eogm Š`m| ‘Ja S>rS>moH$m CÎma ~hþV g§{jßV Wm,""Amdí`H$ZWm''

h‘ g^r Bg {Zîà`moOZ MbVo `ÝÌna gdma hmo J o h¢. nVm Zht H$hm§OmZm h¡. nVm Zht `h h‘| H$hm§ bo Om ahm h¡. VÏ` h‘| Ho$db `hr AdJV h¡{H$ `h ñdV… Mb ahm h¡. {ZH$Q> Xyarna H$ht H$moB© Q>H$amd Zht, XwK©Q>ZmH$sgå^mdZm Zht. g^r Hw$N> Amgnmg‘| ñdV…M{bV `ÝÌgm {ZpíMV {Z`‘mZwgmaMb ahm h¡, Š`m|{H$ MbZm ñd^md h¡-naÝVw H$ht nhþ§M J`m Vmo éH$ Om`Jm-

OrdZ àUmbr ^r éH$ Om`Jr-éH$ OmZm Bg ñdMm{bV `ÝÌHo$ gd©ZmeH$s{ZemZr hmoJr.

""...AmpIa Eogo {ZéX²Xoí` ^mJVo `ÝÌ‘| AnZo {à` AmX‘H$s gÝV{VH$moCg na‘X`mbwZo Š`m| {~R>m`m hmoJm?'' XwK©Q>ZmH$s AmeL²H$mgo ÌñV ‘mZdr`MoVZm nyN>Zm MmhVr Wr. ‘Ja S>m{d©ZZo ~rM‘| hr Q>moH$ {X`m, B©ída Zht{~R>mVm. Vw‘Zo `ÝÌ‘| gdma ~Zo ahZoH$mo XwY©f© g§Yf© {H$`m. Vw‘Zo g§Kf© R>mZm,Vw‘ g§Kf©‘| {dO`r hþE, Vw‘ Or{dV aho, AV… Vw‘ ñd`‘² ~¡R>o hmo. Omo b‹S> Zhtnm o do OrV Zht nm o, Omo OrVVo Zht do Or{dV ahZoHo$ A{YH$mar Zht h¢ Omo‘a J o CZHo$ Adeof Aí‘r yV (Fossils) hmo J o. `{X ^{dî`‘| H$^r Vw‘ ^rhma OmAmoJo Vmo Vwåhmao Adeof r nWam Om |Jo. {ZaÝVa g§Kf© Vwåhmao ApñVËdH$snhMmZ h¡. ‘Zwî` EH$ g§Kf©erb new h¡ AV… CgH$m ApñVËd h¡; ‘¢ g§Kf©H$aVm hÿ§ AV… ‘oam ApñVËd h¡ ""Struggle for survival''. {dH$mg Am¡aOrdZ H$m ahñ` h¡: g§Kf©. ‘mZdr` ApñVËd EH$ bå~o g§Kf©VÝÌH$m OS>{dH$mgdmXr Omb {ZH$bm

A~ AmX‘H$m ‘m°S>b na‘oída Zht Wm {H$ÝVw "dmZa' hr Wmo‹S>ogo grYo I‹S>ohmoH$a MbZoHo$ à`ËZ‘| "Za' ~Z J`m ""‘Zwî` EH$ Vm{H©$H$ new h¡'' H$m VH©${dH$mgHo$ {d{dY H«$‘m|‘| Z OmZo H$hm§ Imo J`m ‘mZdr` AmË‘mH$s A‘aVmH$m{MÝh Yy§Ybm n‹S>Zo bJm. A‘a AmË‘m ‘aZo bJr H$moB© ~Vm r Z nm`m {H$ AnZo{dH$mg H«$‘‘|-~ÝXa-AmoñQ> obmo{nWHo$Z-{nWHo$ZW«m ong-hrS>b~J©‘¡Z-ZrEÝS>aWmb-H«$mo‘m½Zm©Z ‘|go gd©àW‘, AmË‘Ymar dmZa `m Za H$m¡Z Wm H$m¡ZàW‘ {dMmaerb ~ÝXa Wm, AmX‘ {H$g ~ÝXaH$s Am¡bmX Wm `m {H$g~ÝX[a`mH$mo e¡VmZZo ^a‘m {X`m Wm?

{dkmZHo$ AZwgma ~ÝXa‘| VH©$epŠV Z Vmo AmË‘‘ybH$ h¡ Am¡a Z na‘mË‘‘ybH$.VH©$epŠVH$m àmXw^m©d àH¥${V Ed‘² AÝ` qhò newAm|Ho$ gmW Mbo AmVo,A‘r~mgo ‘Zwî` VH$Ho$ {d{dY {dH$mg gmonmZm|Ho$, H«y$a g§Kf©H$m ’$b Wm, {Ogo{H$gr EH$ AmX‘rZo Zht, A{nVw AZoH$ àm{U`m|, AZoH$ dmZam|H$s Om{V`m| Ed§

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AZoH$ àmJ¡{Vhm{gH$ ‘mZd g‘yhm|Zo Im`m. AmË‘ajUHo$ {d{dY Cnm`m|H$moImoOZoH$m VH©$ ‘mZdoVa àm{U`m|‘| ^r MbVm hr ahm h¡.

Bg Vah ~«÷mÊS>‘| Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡, ~«÷mÊS>‘| Ho$db‘Zwî` hr {dMmaerb àmUr h¡, ~«÷mÊS>‘| Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr nmnerb àmUr h¡,~«÷mÊS>‘| Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr gÝXoherb àmUr h¡-go A~ ñdV…M{bV ~«÷mÊS>H$s`ÝÌdmXr ì`m»`mHo$ AZwgma VWm OrdZmW© g§Kf© (Struggle for suvival)Ho$H«y$a {dH$mgdmXr {Z`‘m|Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZdr` MoVZm `m ApñVËdH$m ~moY Bg{ZéX²Xoí` ^mJVo hþE `ÝÌ na A{YH$m{YH$ A{YH$ma (Control) àmßV H$aZo `màH¥${VHo$ gmW g§Kf©aV ahZo‘| hr {Z{hV hmoZo bJm. g‘yMm d¡km{ZH$ {dH$mgàH¥${VHo$ ~mao‘| aho Bg hrZ ^md Am¡a {Zîà`moOZ OS> àmH¥${VH$ {Z`‘m|H$mo AnZode‘| bmZoH$s EH$ `m¡{ÕH$ ‘hËdmH$m§jm‘| ahm hþAm h¡. Ý yQ>Z Am¡a S>m{d©Z Ho${gÕmÝVm|Zo OJV² Am¡a OJXre H$m oX Vmo {‘Q>m`m na Omo ñdê$n OJXreH$m CÝh|{damgV‘| {‘bm Wm dh OJXreHo$ ~Om` OJVHo$ ~mao‘| ‘mZm OmZo bJm.

{dÐmohdmX O¡go B©ídaHo$ à{V ‘mZdHo$ Mbo Am aho {dÐmoh^md‘| ‘mZdH$mApñVËd ImoOVm ahm, R>rH$ Cgr Vah `hm§ A~ h‘ Bg à`moOZ ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ H«y$aEd§ OS> {Z`‘m|Ho$ gmW ‘mZdr` MoVZm‘| {N>no g§Kf© md‘| AnZm ApñVËdImoOZo bJo. ‘Zwî oVa àmUr ^r g§Kf© Vmo H$a aho h¢, naÝVw CZH$m g§Kf© Ho$dbOrdZHo${b o h¡, dh EH$ à{VajmË‘H$ (Defensive) g§Kf© h¡. O~{H$ S>m{d©ZHo${dH$mgdmXZo EH$ ZdrZ Amem h‘| àXmZH$s {H$ àH¥${VHo$ gmW ‘Zwî`H$m g§Kf©A~ AmH«$m‘H$ (Offensive) ñVana nhþ§M J`m h¡ AV… A~ Ho$db "OrdZ'Ho${b oZht A{nVw OS> àH¥${Vna "{dO`' àmßV H$aZoHo${b o g§Kf© hmoZm h¡. ‘Zwî oVaàm{U`m|na EH$ dmZa g‘yhH$s {dO`Ho$ B{VhmgZo àH¥${Vna ^r {dO` àmßVH$aZoH$s CX²Xm‘ ^mdZmgo d¡km{ZH$m|H$mo ^a {X`m A~ `h g§Kf© EH$ {ZUm© H$‘mo‹S>na Am MwH$m h¡. `{X Bg ñdMm{bV ~«÷mÊS>`ÝÌH$mo ‘Zwî` AnZo H$m~y‘| Zbm nm`m Vmo h ‘Zwî`H$mo IË‘ H$a XoJm. Ý yQ>Z Am¡a S>m{d©Z H$m ~«÷mÊS>, naÝVw,~hþV N>moQ>m Wm Am¡a AmX‘r AnZr H$ënZmH$s Xm¡‹S>‘| {dO`r hmoZoHo$ AXå`CËgmhgo ^am hþAm Wm. CgZo AnZm ‘moMm© gmYm n¥ÏdrHo$ Bg gwa{jV {H$bo‘|.D$§Mr nhmS>m|H$s Mmo{Q>`m| na CgZo ^r‘H$m` XyadrjU `ÝÌ ~¡R>m o, AnZr eÌw

àH¥${VgoZmH$s g§»`m (Quantity) Am¡a JwU (Quality) H$m AÝXmO bJmZoHo${b o.AH$ñ‘mV² EH$ {XZ Cgo nVm bJm {H$ {OZ àH$me {nÊS>m|H$s JUZm dh EH$ jwÐVmaoHo$ ê$n‘| H$a ahm Wm dh Vmo EH$ AÝ` ñdVÝÌ ~«÷mÊS> h¡ Am¡a Ü`mZgo BYa-CYa XoIZo na Eogo EH$ Zht AZoH$ ~«÷mÊS> {ZH$bo ‘Zwî` nwZ… {dO`moËgmhHo${eIago bwT>H$H$a YamVbna Am {Jam H$ht ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ N>moana Xygar Am¡a ‘wPgo^r A{YH$ {dH${gV g‘W© àmUr Vmo Zht Omo ‘wPo H$^r `hm§ AmH$a OrV b| {OZXy[a`m|na ‘wZwî`H$m OmZm hr gå^d Zht CZ gwXya ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ joÌm|na ‘Zwî`Ho${dO` àmßV H$aZoH$s Amem Ky{‘b hmoZo bJr àH¥${Vna {dO`-A{^`mZHo${b oMbr ‘mZd MoVZm A^r A{YH$ Xyar V` H$aZogo nhbo hr O~a-Cb-VarH$`moÕmH$s Vah gm¡a‘ÊS>bHo$ N>moQ>ogo {O~«mbQ>a Q>mny na amo ahr h¡ {H$ ‘oao {dO`A{^`mZHo${b o y{‘ Zht ~Mr

`h ñd §Mm{bV `ÝÌ H$ënZmVrV {demb {XIbmB© n‹S>Zo bJm {H$ {OgoAnZo AYrZ H$aZoH$s ~mV ~MH$mZr bJVr h¡. Am¡a Bg H$amoS>m| àH$medf©{dñVma dmbo ~«÷mÊS>‘| h‘mao gy ©H$s O~ H$moB© JUZm Zht, h‘mar n¥Ïdr EH$aOH$UH$s ^r h¡{g`V Z aIVr hmo Vmo dmZamoX² yV `h Vm{H©$H$ new H$~ VH$g§Kf© H$a nm oJm, {H$VZm g§Kf© H$a nm oJm Bg {demb ~«÷mÊS>gmJa‘| AnZrn¥ÏdrH$s N>moQ>rgr S>m|Jrna gdma `h ‘mZd-‘Nw>Amam Aghm` EH$mH$s g§Kf©aVhmo J`m. `h AnZr ‘N>br nH$‹S>Zm MmhVm h¡ na {ZpíMV Zht {H$ nH$‹S>r hþB©‘N>br-d¡km{ZH$ CnbpãYH$mo dh gwa{jV aI nm oJm {H$ Zht. `h ^r {ZpíMVZht {H$ dh EH$mH$s Bg g§Kf©‘| {dO`r hmo nm oJm {H$ Zht na AZ}ñQ> hoq‘½doh‘| AmídñV H$aVm h¡ ""‘Zwî` namO`Ho${b o Zht OÝ‘m h¡. ‘Zwî`H$mo IË‘{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡, nam{OV Zht. (But man is not made for defeat. A

man can be destroyed but not defeated)''. ‘mZdH$s gmar CnbpãY`m|H$moIË‘ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ na ‘mZdHo$ ñdßZm|H$mo Zht hoq‘½doH$m ~y‹T>m ‘Nw>AmamAnZr nH$‹S>r hþB© ‘N>brHo$ H«y$a emH$m]Ho$ Ûmam MQ> {H$ o OmZoHo$ ~mdOyX {ZpíMÝVboQ>m hþAm-Am{’«$H$mHo$ eoam|Ho$ gmW wÕHo$ gnZo XoIVm h¡. BZ gnZm|H$mo H$moB©IË‘ Zht H$a gH$Vm

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g§Kf©‘| WH$mZH$s K{‹S>`m|‘| Bg ~yT>o ‘Nw>AmaoH$mo bJVm Wm {H$ Cgo AHo$bohr Bg g§Kf©‘| Zht Hy$XZm Mm{h o Wm. (kmZ `m d`‘|) d¥Õ ‘Nw>Amam AnZrS>m|Jrgo ^r ~‹S>r ‘N>brH$mo YraO wŠV narjU-{ZarjU Am¡a bå~r (gmYZm|H$s)añgrgo nH$‹S> boVm h¡, naÝVw gmJaH$s H«y$a emH©$ ‘N>{b`m|go gwa{jV aI gHo$BVZr ~‹S>r S>m|Jr hr CgH$s Zht h¡ dh ‘hm‘Ëñ`H$s CnbpãY ì`W© OmVr h¡.‘Nw>AmaoH$mo bJVm h¡, BVZr Xya AHo$bo AmH$a CgZo AÀN>m H$m‘ Zht {H$`m.ñd §Ho$ {hV‘| ^r Zht Amoa AnZr CnbpãYHo$ {hV‘| ^r Zht. wJmZw wJ g§Kf©OO©[aV ‘mZdMoVZmH$mo AnZo dmY©Š`H$s AZw y{V H$MmoQ>Zo bJVr h¡. dh WH$ahr h¡, ~mø Am¡a Am§V[aH$ ê$ngo (I should'nt have gone out so far,oldman said. Neither for you nor for me. I am sorry... you aretired oldman‹! he said, you are tired inside.)

g§Kf©H$m {Z`‘ Vmo Ho$db EH$ `hr h¡ {H$ ‘mamo `m ‘amo. ha ~‹S>r ‘N>brha N>moQ>r ‘N>brH$mo {ZJbZm MmhVr h¡. g§Kf©H$m d«V EH$ ‘hmqhgmH$m AZwîR>mZh¡. Omo H$a nmVm h¡ dhr OrdZm{YH$mar h¡. Omo Zht H$a nmVm gmo {‘Q> Om oJm.naÝVw gr‘m? Bg AZÝV {dñVmadmbo ~«÷mÊS>‘| g§Kf©erb ‘mZdMoVZmH$mog§Kf©gr‘m {XIbmB© Zht n‹S> gH$Vr. {Og Xyar VH$ ‘mZd Am nhþ§Mm h¡ dhm§gogwa{jV bm¡Q> nmZm ^r A~ EH$ g‘ñ`m h¡ Am¡a ~yT>m ‘Nw>Amam H$hVm h¡ ""Vw‘ZoAnZo m½`Ho$ gmW pIbdm‹S> {H$`m BVZr Xya {ZH$b AmH$a (No he said you

violated your luck when you went too far aside)''. Cgo bm¡Q>Zmn‹S>oJm. na Š`m boH$a dh bm¡Q>oJm? WHo$ {nQ>o ‘mZdH$s gmar CnbpãYH$mo {dembgmJaH$s H«y$a emH©$ amVHo$ A§{Y`mao‘| MQ> H$a Om |Jr-{ZhËWm ~yT>m AmX‘r Hw$N>H$a ^r Zht nm oJm. (But what can a man do against them in the

dark without a weapon?) hVme dh gmJa‘| WyH$ XoVm h¡, H$hVm h¡ ""ImOmAmo Am¡a gnZm XoImo {H$ Vw‘Zo EH$ ‘Zwî`H$m dY H$a {X`m.''

Š`m gM‘wM ‘Zwî`H$mo EH$ {XZ IË‘ hmoZm n‹S>oJm? d¡km{ZH$ H$hVo h¢, gy ©EH$ {XZ R>ÊS>m n‹S> Om oJm. AmÝV[aH$ X~mdgo Cg‘| {dñ’$moQ> hmo Om oJm ...Am¡a {’$a ... ‘mZd Bggo ~hþV nhbo IË‘ hmo MwH$m hmoJm ... `m AÝ` J«hm|na

EH$mY H$moB© ^mJ nm oJm {H$ Zht. Hw$N> ^r {ZpíMV Zht. Š`m|{H$ {ZH$Q>V‘ Vmamgm¡a bmoH$go ~mha {ZH$bZo na Mma àH$me df©H$s Xyar na h¡

nmñH$b H$hVm h¡ H$moB© {MÝVmH$s ~mV Zht ""`{X ~«÷mÊS> ‘Zwî`H$mo Hw$Mb^r XoJm Vmo ^r ‘Zwî`H$mo ‘maZodmbo ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ ~Om` ‘Zwî` hr loîR> h¡. Š`m|{H$‘Zwî`H$mo AnZr ‘¥Ë wH$m ~moY gå^d h¡. naÝVw ~«÷mÊS>H$mo AnZr {dO`H$m ~moYgå^d Zht (When the universe has crushed him man will still benoble than that which kills him, because he knows that he isdying and of its victory the universe knows nothing).''

naÝVw g§Kf© `{X Ho$db OS> ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ gmW hmoVm Vmo ‘mZdH$s MoVZm‘|‘¥Ë w~moY ^r CgHo$ ApñVËdH$m {MôZ ~Z OmVm ""‘wPo ‘¥Ë w~moY h¡ AV… ‘oamApñVËd h¡'' g§Kf© `{X EH$ H$X‘ AmJo ~T>H$a nañna ‘mZd‘| hr K{Q>V hmoOm o Vmo loîR>VmH$m ~moY H¡$go gå^d hmo nm oJm?

‘mŠg© H$hVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZdr` B{VhmgH$s ^r EH$ ÛÝÛmË‘H$ ^m¡{VH$dmXrì`m»`m hmo gH$Vr h¡. `{X OS> àH¥${VHo$ {Z`‘m|go hr g§Kf©‘| h‘mao ApñVËdH$snhMmZ hmoVr Vmo ~mV gab Wr. h‘| Vmo ‘Zwî`-‘Zwî`Ho$ ~rM g§Kf© H$aZm h¡.‘mZdr` B{Vhmg dJ©g§Kf©H$m B{Vhmg h¡. gm‘ÝVdmXr dJ©Ho$ gmW ny§OrdmXrdJ©H$m g§Kf© Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$mpÝVH$mo VWm ny§OrdmXr dJ©Ho$ gmW l{‘H$ dJ©H$mg§Kf© g‘mOdmXr H«$mpÝVH$mo OÝ‘ XoVm h¡. ‘mŠg©Ho$ {hgm~go `hr {Z`{V ‘mZdB{VhmgH$s hmoZr Mm{h o. {Og amoO gånyU© {díd gm‘ÝVdmX-ny§OrdmX-g‘mOdmXHo$H«$‘mZwgma AÝV‘| gmå`dmXr ì`dñWmH$mo AnZm boJm Cg amoO g§Kf© IË‘ hmoOm oJm. naÝVw {hÝXr {’$ë‘r H$hmZrH$s Vah ""Am¡a XmoZm|H$m ã`mh hmo J`m Am¡ado gwIr hmo J o'' {OVZr ‘mZdr` B{VhmgH$Wm gab Zht bJVr {Og wÕH$mo‘mŠg© ny§OrdmXrH$s XoZ ‘mZVm Wm dh wÕ AmO Xmo gmå`dm{X`m|‘| ^r g§ d hmoJ`m.

g§Kf©, dJ©g§Kf© hr Zht A{nVw g‘mZ dJ©‘| ^r gå^d h¡. g§Kf© Vmo EH$ì`pŠVHo$ MoVZ, AdMoVZ Am¡a AMoVZ ‘Z‘| ^r ’«$m`S> gå^d ‘mZVm h¡. g§Kf©

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Vmo gd©Ì h¡, na g§Kf©H$m à`moOZ ñnîQ> Z hmoZona {ddoH$H$m à`moJ gå^d Zhtah OmVm. ~Q´>]S²> agob² H$hVo h¢ {H$

""Mankind, owing to science and scientific technique,are unified for evil but are not unified for good. Theyhave learnt the technique of worldwide mutual destructionbut not the more desirable technique of worldwidecooperation'' (Protraits from Memory)'' AWm©V², {dkmZAm¡a d¡km{ZH$ VH$ZrH$s Ho$ {dH$mgÛmam Omo Hw$N> ~wamB`m§ hmo gH$Vrh¢ CZHo${b o Vmo ‘mZd g§K{Q>V hmo J`m h¡ naÝVw AÀN>mB`m|Ho${b oZht. dh `h Vmo grI J`m h¡ {H$ {dídì`mnr {dZme {H$Z ~mVm|gogå^d h¡, naÝVw `h Zht grI nm`m {H$ {dídì`mnr gh`moJ H¡$gogå^d h¡.

AV… goå wAb ~¡Ho$Q>H$m ‘Zwî` àVrjm H$a ahm h¡ EH$ "JmoXmo'H$s, Omo Hw$N>^r hmo gH$Vm h¡: ñdJ©, na‘oída, emofUa{hV g‘mO, ñdVÝÌVm BË`m{X-BË`m{X. BZHo$ ‘grhm amoO-~amoO AmVo h¢ Am¡a JmoXmona AnZo EH$m{YH$maH$mXmdm ^r H$aVo h¢. AmídmgZ XoVo h¢ ‘Zwî`H$mo ""AmO gÝXoe boH$a h‘ Am o h¢Am¡a H$b JmoXmo Am oJm''. ‘Zwî` Bg ~«÷mÊS>‘|-Bg n¥Ïdrna àVrjm H$a ahmh¡, "JmoXmo'H$s dhr Ho$db àVrjm H$a ahm h¡ AV… CgH$m ApñVËd h¡ ""‘¢"JmoXmo'H$s àVrjm H$aVm hÿ§ Bg{b o ‘oam ApñVËd h¡''. àVrjm...àVrjm.. Am¡aàVrjm H$~ VH$ àVrjm?

h‘Zo ~«÷mÊS>‘| ~«÷ Am¡a ‘m`m (`m e¡VmZ)H$m Û¡V K‹S> {b`m. OJV² Am¡aOJXre Ho$ oXH$m n[aUm‘ lo ñH$a Zht hþAm. ~¥hXmaÊ`H$ Cn{ZfX² (1&4&1-5) Bg VÏ`H$mo ~hþV AÀN>o T>§Jgo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVm h¡-

""nhbo Ho$db na‘mË‘m hr Wm. dh gmoMZo bJm {H$ ‘oaoAbmdm Am¡a H$moB© h¡ hr Zht. CgZo ""‘¢ hÿ§'' H$hm Am¡a dh "Ah§'Zm‘Ymar hmo J`m. AmO ^r nyN>Zona ì`pŠV "‘¢' H$hH$a hr Xygam

Zm‘-`kXÎm, XodXÎm BË`m{X-~VbmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ gd©àW‘ hþAmAV… CgZo g^r nmnm|H$mo Obm {X`m. nmnm|H$mo nhbo Obm`m AV… Cgo"nwéf' H$hm J`m. Omo Bggo nhbo hmoZm MmhVm h¡ dh ^r gmao nmnm|H$moObm XoVm h¡. dh ^`^rV Wm AVEd AmO ^r EH$mH$s ì`pŠV^`^rV ahVm h¡. CgZo gmoMm {H$ O~ ‘oao Abmdm Am¡a H$moB© h¡ hrZht Vmo ‘¢ {H$ggo ^`^rV hÿ§. Am¡a CgH$m ^` {ZH$b J`m. AmpIa{H$ggo S>aZm Wm? gmam ^` AnZo Abmdm {H$gr AÝ`Ho$ H$maUhmoVm h¡. naÝVw dh EH$m{H$V`m a‘U Zht H$a nmVm Wm. AVEd AmO^r EH$mH$s H$moB© a‘U Zht H$a nmVm. Cgo XygaoH$s BÀN>m hþB©. CgZoñd § AnZoH$mo Xmo ^mJm|‘| ~m§Q> {b`m, n{V Am¡a nËZr ~Z J`m. AV…nwéf Ho$db AYyam h¡. `h AYyamnZ ñÌrgo hr nyam {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡. Cg ñÌrHo$ gmW ‘¡WwZgo ‘Zwî` CËnÝZ hþ o. Cg ñÌrZo gmoMm {H$‘wPo CËnÝZ H$a ‘oao gmW hr `h ‘¡WwZ H$aVm h¡ Vmo ‘¢ {N>n OmD$§. dhJm` ~Z J`r. V~ dh nwéf d¥f^ ~Z J`m. XmoZm|Ho$ ‘¡WwZgo {’$a ^rAZoH$ ~N>‹S>o n¡Xm hþ o. V~ dh Kmo‹S>r ~Z J`r Am¡a dh nwéf V~ Kmo‹S>m~Z J`m. Bgr àH$ma JYr-JYm, ~H$ar-~H$am, A{d-‘of Bg Vah{OVZo ê$n ñÌr boVr J`r CVZo ê$n nwéf ^r boVm J`m Am¡a ‘¡WwZrg¥pîQ> CËnÝZ hþ r. MtQ>r VH$H$s gmar g¥pîQ> aMr JB©. Cg nwéfZogmoMm ‘¢ hr `h gmar g¥pîQ> hÿ§, ‘¢Zo hr `h gmar g¥pîQ> aMr h¡. dhñd § g¥pîQ> ~Z J`m. Omo Bg g¥pîQ>Ho$ ahñ`H$mo OmZ boVm h¡ dhrg¥pîQ>‘| ~Z OmVm h¡.''

nyar g¥pîQ>‘| H$ht H$moB© nmn-‘m`m-e¡VmZH$s H$mañVmZr Zht, H$ht H$moB©½bm{Z Zht. gmar g¥pîQ> EH$ ghO brbm h¡, à`moOZa{hV. EH$H$m AZoH$ ê$nm|‘|n[aUV hmoZm, ñd §H$m ñd §Ho$ gmW EH$ Am§I{‘Mm¡ZrH$m Iob h¡. Iob AHo$bogå^d Zht AV… Xmo {hñgm|‘| AnZo AmnH$mo {d^m{OV H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡. EH${hñgm {N>n OmVm h¡ Am¡a Xygam {hñgm Cgo ImoO boVm h¡, g¥pîQ>H«$‘-g¥pîQ>H«$sS>mAmJo MbVr ahVr h¡. Omo Bg {N>nZodmbo Am¡a ImoOZodmbo Ho$ Û¡V‘| EH$ ‘m¡{bH$AÛ¡VH$mo nhMmZ OmVm h¡, dh gmar g¥pîQ> Am¡a CgHo$ H$maUHo$ ~rM VmXmËå`H$monhMmZ OmVm h¡. dhr Bg g¥pîQ>‘| {Z © a‘UH$m A{YH$mar h¡. "VmXmËå`'H$m

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AW© h¡ Xmo‘| A oX. EH$mH$sHo$ A oX‘| a‘U gå^d Zht, AV… `{X e¡VmZ Am¡a^JdmZ², ‘m`m Am¡a ~«÷ AWdm OJV² Am¡a OJXre ‘| H$moB© A{‘Q> oX I‹S>m{H$`m J`m Vmo dh oX hr ^`H$m-g§Kf©H$m, EH$ XygaoHo$ à{V AnamYH$m,nmnH$m-Hw$ÊR>m Am¡a ÌmgH$m H$maU ~Z Om oJm. naÝVw EH$Ho$ AZoH$ hmoZo‘| ^`Am¡a Aa{V XmoZm|H$m g‘mYmZ {‘b OmVm h¡. Ho$db Û¡V Am¡a Ho$dbmÛ¡V Ho$PJ‹S>oH$m ^r g‘mYmZ ewÕmÛ¡V‘| {‘b OmVm h¡.

Eogo ~«÷mÊS>‘| ~«÷H$mo ImoOZm ~hþV AmgmZ h¡. ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © BggÝX ©‘| Xmo ‘hËdnyU© {gÕmÝVgyÌ h‘| àXmZ H$aVo h¢.

1.OJVH$s Amoa O~ kmZH$s ÑpîQ>go XoImo Vmo gm’$-gm’$ `h nhMmZZoH$sH$mo{ee H$amo {H$ ~«÷ hr OJVê$n hþdm h¡ AV… OJV² ^r ~«÷ê$n h¡. ñZohH$sÑpîQ>go XoIZm hmo Vmo EH$mJ« hmoZm n‹S>oJm. ñZoh `{X ’¡$b OmVm h¡ Vmo dh ñZohZht ah nm oJm, kmZ ~Z Om oJm. kmZ `{X {g‘Q> J`m Vmo ñZoh ~Z Om oJm(‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>… gd©Vmo@{YH$… ñZoh…). AV… ~«÷go ñZoh H$aZm h¡ VmoOJVH$mo-~«÷mÊS>H$mo-~«÷Ho$ ì`mnH$ Ajaê$nH$mo N>moS>Xmo, dh Vmo J{UVmZÝX h¡{Ogo kmZÑpîQ>go àmßV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. `{X AJ{UVmZÝX hm§{gb H$aZm h¡Vmo ñZohÑpîQ>go ~«÷H$mo XoIZm n‹S>oJm, kmZH$mo {g‘Q>H$a EH$mJ«-EH$mÝV hmoZmn‹S>oJm.

2.AJ{UVmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ {à`V‘ ê$nH$s àmpßVHo${b`o {MÎm‘| ^JdËào‘gånm{XV hmoZm Mm{h o. ào‘g§d{bV {MÎmgo ^JdmZH$mo ImoOZoH$s Amdí`H$VmZht hmoJr Š`m|{H$ ñZohÑpîQ>Ho$ bm^‘mÌgo ^JdmZH$m {N>n gH$Zm gå^d Zht ahnm`oJm. {MÎm‘| ^JdËào‘ gånm{XV hmoZm Mm{h`o. ào‘g§d{bV {MÎm gd©Ìñd`‘od {dÚ‘mZ JdmZH$mo ImoO boVm h¡. ŠË`m{dîQ> {MÎm ñd`‘od JdmZH$moJ«hU H$aVm h¡1. h‘| bmoH$‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r AmZÝX AZw yV hmoVm h¡ dh na‘mË‘mHo$na‘mZÝXH$m A§e h¡. ‘Zwî`Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {df`mZÝXm|go boH$a ~«÷mZÝXn ©ÝV Omo ^rn[aJ{UV AmZÝX h¢ do na‘mË‘mHo$ OZmZÝX-ñZohmZw dH$s Am§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠV`m§h¢. {Ogo {OVZm A§e AmZÝX àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡ Cgo CVZm AZw yV hmoVm h¡.nwÌ, nËZr, Ka, YZ, d¡ d Am{X g^r {df`mo‘| h‘mao ñZohH$m-gwIH$m òmoV

AmË‘mH$s Amoago àdm{hV hmoVm h¡. o (àË oH$) ì`pŠVJV AmË‘m | Cg na‘mË‘mH$sAm§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠV`m§ h¢. AV… ñd § AnZr AmË‘m‘| h‘mao ñZoh-gwIH$m òmoVna‘mË‘mH$s Amoago ~h ahm h¡. Am¡a ñZohg[aVm‘| Bgr òmoVH$s Va’$ EH$ ~ma nwZ…V¡am Om` Vmo Cg ì`mnH$, Aja, A{MÝË` VËdH$mo AnZo ñd^md Am¡a ñZoh^mdà wŠV AmH$ma {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bg AmH$maH$mo H$mën{ZH$ ‘mZZm ñZohHo$gm‘Ï © Ed§ ~«÷Ho$ gm‘Ï © Ho$ gmW An[aM` h¡.

AnZo ""Process and Reality'' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| E.EZ².ìhmBQ²>hoS²> H$hVo h¢- Coupled with God's primordial nature is his

consequent nature. His consequent is derivative. Itexpresses the reaction of the world upon God. Theconsequent nature is thus in part the subject to processof actualization in the actual world. As consequent Godis conditioned by the world. The primordial nature isfree, complete, eternal, actually deffcient andunconscious.....''. na‘oídaHo$ Xmo àH$maHo$ ñd^md H$ho Om gH$Voh¢: 1.‘m¡{bH$ ñd^md Am¡a 2.n[aUV ñd^md. n[aUV ñd^md ì wËnÝZhmoVm h¡, OJVH$s OJXreHo$ à{V à{V{H«$`m (Reaction) ‘| A{^ì`ŠVhmoVm h¡. Bg Vah n[aUVñd^md A§eV… EH$ dmñV{dH$V`m Am{d© mdH$sà{H«$`mH$m A“ hmoVm h¡. Bg dmñV{dH$ OJV‘| n[aUV ñd^mdHo$ê$n‘| na‘oída {dídmonm{YH$ h¡. B©ídaH$m ‘m¡{bH$ ñd^md {Zanoj,nyU©, gZmVZ {H$ÝVw dmñV{dH$V`m AnyU© Am¡a AMoVZ hmoVm h¡.

Hw$N> Bgr Vah ì`mnH$ {ZamH$ma ~«÷ ^ŠVmoH|$ AZwgma AmH$ma J«hU H$aVmh¡. `h AmH$ma {Zanoj Zht naÝVw ^ŠV^mdgmnoj gd©Wm Am¡a dmñV{dH$ hmoVmh¡, H$pënV `m {‘Ï`m Zht.

Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ ewÕmÛ¡V Z Vmo ‘Zwî`H$mo ~«÷mÊS>H$m Ho$ÝÐ `mà`moOZ ‘mZVm h¡ Am¡a Z Cgo Ho$db nmnr `m hrZ hr. CgHo$ gm‘Ï ©, kmZ,BÀN>m, à`ËZ, H¥${V Ed§ ’$b g~‘| ~«÷ AZwJV h¡. g~ Hw$N> ~«÷ h¡, g~ Hw$N>~«÷H$s BÀN>mgo hmo ahm h¡, g~ Hw$N> Cg na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² H¥$îUH$s

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brbmH$s Am§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠV h¡. g‘J« OS> nXmW© ~«÷H$s na‘ gÎmmH$sAm§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠV h¡. M¡VÝ` Mmho OrdmZwJV hmo `m d¥jJV, ObMaJV hmo`m ñWbMaJV-new, njr, garg¥n, ‘Zwî` g^r‘| Cg na‘MoVZH$m hr M¡VÝ`m§eàH$m{eV hmo ahm h¡. gmam àm{UOJV² {H$gr Aì`ŠV AmZÝXH$s AZw y{V H$aVmhr h¡ ""H$mo øo dmÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mX² `Xof AmH$me AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV²?''.AVEd Or{dV h¡ Am¡a Or{dV ahZm MmhVm h¡. ‘¢ AmZÝXH$s AZw y{V H$aVm hÿ§AV… ‘oam ApñVËd h¡

{Q>ßQ>Ur:1.{MÎmo ^JdËào‘ gånmXZr §, VV… ào‘g§d{bV§ {MV§ gd©Ì ñd`‘od {dÚ‘mZ§^JdÝV§ {df`rH$amo{V, ^ŠË`m{dîQ>§ {MÎm§ ^JdÝV§ J¥hUm{V. gw~mo.

Y‘© Xe©Z {dkmZ Am¡a H$bm ‘| agÑpîQ>H$m nj(agmo d¡ g…)

::^y{‘H$m:: ñWybHo$ ^rVa ahZodmbo gyú‘H$mo OmZ nmZoH$mo ‘mZdH$s ~w{Õ‘| MbVm

‘ÝWZ Xe©Z `m VÎdkmZ (Philosophy) hmoVm h¡. gyú‘H$mo OmZ boZoHo$ ~mX~w{ÕH$mo O§MVo gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo T>mbZoH$m ‘ÝWZ {dkmZ (Science) hmoVm h¡.ñWybHo$ ^rVa ahZodmbo gyú‘H$s AZw y{V nm boZoH$mo ‘mZdHo$ öX`H$s Mhb-nhb Y‘© (Religion) hmoVm h¡. gyú‘H$s AZw y{VHo$ Aì`ŠV AmZÝXH$mo A{^ì`ŠVH$aZoH$mo öX`H$mo bw mZodmbo gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo J‹T>ZoH$s Mhb-nhb H$bm (Art)

hmoVr h¡.

Xe©Z gyú‘H$mo OmZZodmbm Ðï>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. Y‘© gyú‘H$m AmZÝXbo nmZodmbm Ðï>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. {dkmZ ~w{ÕH$mo O§MVo gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$moJ‹T>Zodmbm òï>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡. H$mì` Am{X H$bm öX`H$mo O§MVo gm§Mo‘|ñWybH$mo J‹T>Zodmbm òï>m àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVr h¢.

gyú‘ Am¡a ñWyb, OmZZm Am¡a AmZpÝXV hmoZm, ‘ÝWZ Am¡a Mhb-nhbO¡go {damoYm^mgm|H$s ~m~V‘| ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| EH$ ‘hmZ² d¡Mm[aH$ gyÌCnbãY hmoVm h¡. Cn{ZfX² H$hVm h¡ … ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no ‘yVª M¡d A‘yVª M,‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M, pñWV§ M `V² M, gV² M Ë § M'' (~¥h.Cn.2&3&1) AWm©V²~«÷(na‘mË‘m)Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-‘yV©-A‘yV©, ‘Ë ©-A‘¥V, ñWm`r-g§Mmar Am¡aàË`j-namoj.

gyú‘-ñWyb, ‘yV©-A‘yV©, O‹S>-MoVZ, Zída-AZída, gwI-Xw…I, Û¡V-AÛ¡V Am{XHo$ Amngr {damoYm^mgm|H$s ~mV gwZ H$a O~ ‘hmZ² VÎd-{MÝVH$m|H$s^r ‘{V MH$am OmVr h¡, CÝh| Eogo g^r {damoYm^mg {‘Ï`m-‘m{`H$-^ §H$abJZo bJVo h¢, V^r Cn{ZfX² {H$VZr ghOVm g§Omo H$a Eogo nañna {damoYr

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bJZodmbo XmoZm| ê$nm|H$mo EH$ hr ~«÷Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Xmo ê$nm|H$s Vah {~aXm XoVo h¢""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no''

EH$ àíZ Am¡a Cn{ZfX² CnñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ : ‘yV©-A‘yV© O¡go {d{dY{damoYm^mgr ê$n Omo ~«÷Ho$ Ho$db Xmo ê$n hr hm| Vmo ñd § ~«÷H$mo Š`m `m H¡$gm‘mZZm Mm{h o?

Bg Jy‹T> àíZH$m g‘mYmZ àH$Q> H$aVo g‘` Cn{ZfX² ‘mZdHo$ öX` `m ~w{Õ‘|go {H$gr EH$H$mo ’w$gbmZm m ’|$H$ XoZm Zht MmhVo. AVEd AX² wV gmh{OH$VmHo$gmW dh H$h nmVo h¢ … ""AWmV AmXoemo "Z' B{V-"Z' B{V'-"Z{h EVñ‘mX²'B{V "Z' B{V AÝ`V² na‘² ApñV'' (VÌ¡d) Ho$db ‘yV©H$mo ~«÷ ‘mZ boZmCn{ZfXm|H$mo C{MV Zht bJVm, Bgr Vah Ho$db A‘yV©H$mo hr ~«÷ ‘mZZm ^rCgo éMVm Zht h¡, AVEd Vmo dh """Z'B{V-"Z'B{V'' H$hZm MmhVo h¢. BgrVah Ho$db ‘Ë ©H$mo AWdm Ho$db A‘¥VH$mo hr ~«÷ Zht ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o.Ho$db Hy$Q>ñW-A{dH$marH$mo AWdm Ho$db AmJ‘mnm`r-{dH$marH$mo hr gË`‘mZ boZm ^r Cgo AZ{^àoV h¡. Ho$db gV² (ì`ŠV-àË`j) H$mo AWdm Ho$dbË`V² (Aì`ŠV-namoj) H$mo hr H$^r gË` Cn{ZfX²Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZm Zht OmgH$Vm h¡.

V~ àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ {H$go gË` ‘mZm Om o? Cn{ZfX² g‘mYmZ àH$Q> H$aVoh¢ : ""AW Zm‘Yo § gË`ñ` gË`‘² B{V'' (VÌ¡d). O~ gV² (ì`ŠV) Am¡aË`V² (Aì`ŠV) XmoZm | {‘b H$a EH$H$m` Ohm§ ~Z nmVo hm |, dht""gV²+Ë`V²=gË`'' àH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡. gV²go Ë`V²H$mo AWdm Ë`V²go gV²H$mon¥WH²$ H$a {ZhmaZona H$^r ^r gË` CnbãY Zht hmo nmVm

Bgr Vah ‘yV©-A‘yV©, ‘Ë ©-A‘¥V Am¡a ñWm`r-g§Mmar Ho$ wJbm|H$mo ^rEH$-XyOogo OwXm H$aHo$ Hw$N> g‘PZm Mmh|Jo Vmo Cn{ZfX² h‘| AmXoe Xo XoJm …""AWmV AmXoemo "Z'B{V-"Z'B{V''

Eogo {d{dY {damoYm^mgm|H$s g‘J«Vm `m g‘{ï> hr ~«÷ hmo nmVr h¡. g‘J«VÎd gË` hmoVm h¡ naÝVw CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jmonm§J `m nj AY©gË` hmoVo h¢,AgË` Zht.

A‘yV©H$mo ‘yV©‘|, A‘¥VH$mo ‘Ë ©‘|, J{VH$mo pñW{V‘| AWdm Aì`ŠVH$moì`ŠV‘| OmZ boZoH$mo {H$ o OmVo d¡Mm[aH$ ‘ÝWZ Ûmam, {Og g‘J«Vm `m {OggË`H$s ImoO Xe©Z Am¡a {dkmZ H$aZm MmhVo h¢, Cgr g‘J«Vm `m gË` H$mo Y‘©Am¡a H$mì` Am{X H$bm Ûmam ^r ImoOm OmVm h¡. gË`H$mo ImoOZoH$s `mg‘J«VmH$mo àmßV H$aZoH$s {Xem Y‘© Am¡a H$mì` Am{X H$bmAm|H$s {^ÝZ-{^ÝZhmo gH$Vr h¢. ‘yV©H$m A‘yV©‘|, ZídaH$m AZída‘| `m ‘Ë ©H$m A‘¥V‘|, pñW{VH$mJ{V‘|; Am¡a, ì`ŠVH$m Aì`ŠV‘| öX`H$s Mhb-nhb Ûmam AmZÝX CR>m H$aY‘© Am¡a H$mì` Am{X H$bm g‘J«VmH$mo àmßV H$aZm MmhVo h¢, gË`H$mo ImoOZmMmhVo h¢.

H$moB© Xme©{ZH$ hmo `m Ym{‘©H$ AWdm H$moB© d¡km{ZH$ hmo `m H$bmH$ma, Omog‘J«VmHo$ ~moY `m ñdrH¥${V Ho$ hoVw gj‘ Zht hmo nmVm, Cgo Z Vmo gË` CnbãYhmoVm Am¡a Z dh Cgo àH$Q> hr H$a nmVm h¡. {OgHo$ g‘j gË` àH$Q> Zht hmonmVm, dh ~«÷H$mo nhMmZ Zht nmVm. Omo ~«÷H$mo nhMmZ Zht nmVm, EogoXme©{ZH$Ho$ Xe©Z‘|, Ym{‘©H$Ho$ Y‘m©MaU‘|, d¡km{ZH$Ho$ {dkmZ‘|, `m H$bmH$maH$sH$bm‘| ag àH$Q> Zht hmo nmVm, Š`m|{H$ ag ñd § ~«÷ h¡ ""agmo d¡ g…''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). {Ogo agmZw y{V Zht hmo nm`r dh AmZÝXr Zht ~Z nmVm ""ag§h² od A § bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7).

`hm§ `h àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Bg agH$mo àH$Q> H¡$go {H$`m Om o? ag{Zîn{ÎmHo$Cnm` `m àH$ma Š`m? agmZw y{VH$m A{YH$mar H$m¡Z?

(1)doXmoHo$ g§{hVm ~«m÷U AmaÊ`H$ J«ÝWm|‘|, Bgr Vah, ñ‘¥{V Y‘©gyÌ nwamUVÝÌ AmJ‘ Am{X J«ÝWm|‘| ^r {‘bVo Y‘©{Zê$nU‘|; `m (2)Cn{ZfX² ~«÷gyÌ JrVm^mJdV Am{X J«ÝWm|‘| {‘bVo VÎd{MÝVZ‘|; `m (3)Am wd}X Á`mo{Vf ^mfm{dkmZ

401 402

`moJemñÌ dmñVw{dkmZ Am{X {dkmZH$s {dH${gV emImAm|‘|; AWdm Cgr Vah(4)am‘m`Ugo àmaå^ H$a ‘Ü`H$mbrZ àË oH$ àmÝVr` ^mfmAm|Ho$ gm{hË` `mg§JrVH$bm Z¥Ë`H$bm m ‘y{V©H$bm Am{X‘| ì`ŠV hmoZodmbr agÑpîQ>‘| AndmXê$noUhr AnZr ^maVdfu` Amf© naånam‘| H$ht-H$^r Z¡ë`mdamoY (glaucoma) H$s~mYm àH$Q>hþB© h¡

naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ wJ‘| nmíMmË` g§ñH¥${V Ûmam CÀN²>d{gV A§JmaH$ (carbon)

dm w A~ AnZo Ym{‘©H$, Xme©{ZH$, d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a b{bVH$bmOJV²Ho$ dmVmdaU‘|^r ~‹T> ahm h¡. AV… àXyfU (Polution) ^r ~‹T> ahm h¡. n[aUm‘ê$noU AnZr^maVr` g§ñH¥${VH$s àmUmon‘m agÑpîQ>‘| àmUdm wH$m AZwnmV ^r KQ>Vm hþdm gm{XIbm`r XoZo bJm h¡. Ym{‘©H$, Xme©{ZH$, d¡km{ZH$ Am¡a b{bVH$bmHo$ joÌm|‘|Cg dmVmdaUH$mo nwZ… ewÕ Am¡a ñdÀN> ~ZmZm hmo Vmo, Cg agÑpîQ>H$mo nwZ…^br^m§{V nhMmZZm Am¡a à{Vð>m{nV H$aZm Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡.

::Y‘©‘| AnZr agÑpîQ>:: {H$gr ^r dñVwH$m ^br^m§{V kmZ nmZm hmo Vmo, CgH$s n[a^mfm Am¡a CgHo$

à‘mU H$m kmZ hmoZm àmW{‘H$ Amdí`H$Vm h¡.

AnZo `hm§ Y‘©Ho$ ñdê$n n[a^mfm Am¡a à‘mU `m| {X`o J`o …""Y‘m©W©H$m‘‘mojmUm§ {Z{‘Îmm{Z A{damoYV…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&7&32)""`Vmo Aä`wX`-{Z…lo`g{g{Õ… g Y‘©…. VX²dMZmX² AmåZm`ñ`àm‘mÊ`‘²'' (H$mUm.gy.1&1&1) AWm©V² Y‘© AW© H$m‘ Am¡a ‘moj Ho$ ñdê$nnañna A{déÕ hmoZo Mmqh o. AV… {OgHo$ H$maU Aä wX` Am¡a {Z…lo g² XmoZm|{gÕ hmoVo hm| Cgo Y‘© g‘PZm Mm{h o. Bg Aä wX` Am¡a {Z…lo g² Ho$ Cnm`m|Ho$CnXoeHo$ H$maU hr doX Am{X AmåZm`m|Ho$ dMZm|H$m àm‘mÊ` ‘mZm J`m h¡.

Aä`wX` Am{YX¡{hH$ hmoVm h¡ O~{H$ {Z…lo`g AmÜ`mpË‘H$ hmoVm h¡.OrdZH$mo pIbmZoH$s H$bmgo Aä`wX` {gÕ hmoVm h¡. AmË‘mH$mo pIbmZoH$s

H$bmgo {Z…lo g {gÕ hmoVm h¡. emar[aH$ nm[adm[aH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ‘|CÝZ{V VWm g‘agVm O~ àH$Q>Vr h¢ V~ Aä wX`H$s {g{Õ {‘br ‘mZr OmgH$Vr h¡. OrdZmd{Y‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ Z hmoZodmbo ñn¥hUr` AmXem]H$m ^br^m§{V{Zdm©h {Z…lo g²H$s {g{Õ h¡.

AVEd ‘¥Ë wHo$ A{YXod `‘amOH$mo, AnZo `hm§, àmU `m OrdZ Ho$ A{YXodgy ©Ho$ nwÌê$noU ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡. AnZo ^rVa ahZodmbr H$m‘, H«$moY, bmo ,‘moh, ‘X, ‘mËg © H$s Xwd¥©{ÎmAm|na ‘¥Ë wn ©ÝV {Ogo Y‘©d¥{Îm Ûmam µH$m~y nmZo‘|g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr, Cgo ‘¥Ë wHo$ g‘` ‘¥Ë wHo$ A{YXodHo$ Xe©Z `‘amO Ho$ê$n‘| hmoVo h¢. H$m‘ H«$moY bmo Am{XH$s An[aVwï> H$m‘Zm | O~ OrdZH$mo b§~mZmMmhVr hm|, V~ AH$ñ‘mV² hr CZH$m {Z`‘Z `‘amO H$a XoVo h¢. naÝVw {OgZoY‘©‘` OrdZ ì`VrV {H$`m hmo, Cgo Vmo ‘¥Ë wHo$ A{YXod `‘amO Zht na Y‘©amOhr bJ|Jo. AVEd `‘amOH$mo "Y‘©amO' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡.

H$moB© OrdZ‘| Aä wX` Vmo gmY gH$Vm hmo naÝVw Cg Aä wX`H$s {g{ÕHo$‘yë`ê$noU `{X Cgo AmpË‘H$ AmXem]H$m hZZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm hmo Vmo Cgo "Y‘©' ZhtH$hm Om gH$Vm. Bgr Vah AmË‘mHo$ {Z…lo g²Ho$ hoVw {Ogo Aä wX`H$s gd©WmCnojm hr H$aZr n‹S>Vr hmo Vmo Cgo ^r "Y‘©' Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm.

OrdZH$mo OrZoH$s Am¡a AÝV‘| ‘aZoH$s ^r Omo H$bm h‘| h‘mao doXm{XemñÌm|Zo {gIm`r h¢, do emñÌ Y‘©Ho$ gÀMo ñdê$nH$mo g‘PZoHo$ gmYZ `m à‘mUh¢ : ""doXà{U{hVmo Y‘m} h² Y‘©… V{X²dn © …'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&40) `hBg ~mao‘| Xr J`r ì`dñWm h¡. Omo Y‘©H$m ñdê$n g‘PZm hmo Vmo dh lw{VAm|Ho$AmYmana g‘PZm Mm{h o AWdm CZHo$ AWm]H$m F${fAm|Zo Omo {Zê$nU {H$`m CZñ‘¥{VAm|Ho$ AmYmana g‘PZm Mm{h o.

Y‘©Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo ^br^m§{V g‘P boZoHo$ ~mX, Cgo OrdZ‘| CVmaZoH$sMmVwar, àmMrZ `m dV©‘mZ ‘hmnwéf {H$ {OÝhm|Zo AnZo OrdZHo$ {Z‘m©U‘|emñÌr` kmZ Am¡a erb XmoZm| àH$Q> {H$ o hm| CZHo$ AmMaU‘|go Am¡a ñd §H$s

403 404

AÝVamË‘mH$s àoaUmHo$ AmYmana àmßV H$aZr Mm{h o. ""doXmo@pIbmo Y‘©‘yb§ñ‘¥{Verbo M V{X²dXm‘², AmMmaíM¡d gmYyZm‘² AmË‘Z… VwpîQ>aod M''(‘Zwñ‘¥.2&6).

h‘Zo H$^r ^r ‘Zwî`OrdZH$mo EH$m§Jr ÑpîQ>H$moUgo {Zhmam Z Wm. Y‘©, AW©,H$m‘ Am¡a ‘moj BZ Mmam|H$mo "nwéfmW©' Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` H$aZoH$s AnZr g§ñH¥${VHo$de Bg VÏ`H$mo g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡. F${f-‘w{ZAm|Zo dZ‘| ah H$a hr,Y‘©emñÌ Am¡a ‘mojemñÌ H$s Vah, AW©emñÌ Am¡a H$m‘emñÌ H$m ^r {MÝVZAm¡a {Zê$nU {H$`m Wm F${fAm|Zo ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no''H$m {gÕmÝV br^m§{VOmZm-‘mZm Wm, CgH$m VÎdmZwÜ`mZ Am¡a agmdJmhZ ^r {H$`m Wm. F${fAm|Ho${b o Y‘© Ho$db EH$ WmoWr nyOmàUmbr Zht Wr. AVEd JrVm‘| ""Y‘m©@{déÕmo

yVofw H$m‘mo@pñ‘'' (^J.JrVm.7&11) Eogm H$hVo hþdo JdmZ²H$mo {H$gr VahH$mg§H$moM Zht AZw yV hmoVm h¡.!

AmOH$b "H$‘©H$mÊS>' `m "nyOmàUmbr' O¡go H$B© Ym{‘©H$ eãXm|H$m h‘{ZÝXmdmMH$ eãXm|Ho$ ê$n‘| à`moJ H$aZo bJo h¢. AV… AnZo Ym{‘©H$ H$‘©H$mÊS>`m nyOmàUmbr ‘| {Z{hV h‘mar agÑpîQ>H$mo g‘P nmZoH$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm h‘Zo ImoXr h¡. AVEd h‘‘| go H$B© `m| ^r H$hVo nm o OmVo h¢ {H$ nd©V ZXr d¥j newnjr nËWa `m YmVw H$s ‘y{V©‘| Xod~w{Õ aI H$a nyOmH$m H$‘©H$mÊS> Vmo AnZrA{dH${gV Agä` O§Jbr AdñWm‘| nZnr AÝYlÕmHo$ CXmhaU h¢

‘m{bH$H$s {ZJmh‘| IwXH$mo `mo½` R>hamZoH$mo, O¡go ~ÝXr Jwbm‘ AnZo-AmnH$mo ’$Zmh H$a XoVo Wo, d¡go hr h‘ ^r h‘mao Y‘©‘| ahr AnZr n{dÌ lÕmH$moAÝYlÕm ‘mZ H$a h‘ AnZr gm§ñH¥${VH$ Apñ‘VmH$mo Zï>- «ï> H$a XoZm MmhVoh¢. Š`m|{H$ nmíMmË` Jmoao gmh~ h‘| "noJmZ' H$s Jmbr XoVo Wo

gyú‘H$s ñWyb‘| AmZÝXmZw y{V, A‘yV©H$s ‘yV©‘| AmZÝXmZw y{V, A‘¥VH$s‘Ë ©‘| AmZÝXmZw y{V, namojH$s àË`j‘| AmZÝXmZw y{V H$s AnZr gwÝXa gwK‹S>Am¡a Aëh‹S> lÕm AmO AVEd ~w{‹T>`m ahr h¡.

OJV²Ho$ {Z‘m©U nmbZ Am¡a g§hma Ho$ hoVw EH$ hr na‘mË‘mHo$ VrZ ê$n h‘|‘mÝ` Wo. ~«÷m {dîUw Am¡a éÐ H$s {Ì‘y{V©Ho$ Am{YX¡{dH$ Û¡V‘| EH$ A‘yV©~«m{÷H$ AÛ¡V ^r h‘| ‘mÝ` Vmo Wm hr. e¡d Am¡a d¡îUd gåàXm`mo‘| H$B© ~maAÝV…H$bh ^r hþdo hm|Jo. na CZ H$bhm|Ho$ H$maU Xmo‘|go {H$gr ^r EH$gåàXm`Zo AnZo BîQ>XodHo$ ê$ngo {^ÝZ Xygao Xodm|Ho$ ê$nH$mo H$^r e¡VmZ `m ‘m`mHo$ ê$n Vmo Zht ‘mZo Wo. e¡dm|Ho$ {b o {dîUw O¡go na‘mË‘mH$m Ada (Jm¡U) ê$nWm, d¡go hr d¡îUdm|Ho$ {b o {ed ^r na‘mË‘mH$m hr EH$ Ada Jm¡U ê$n ‘mZmJ`m h¡. Xmo‘|go ‘w»` H$m¡Z Bg ~mao‘| H$^r ^pŠVHo$ A{VaoH$de {ddmX hþdo hm|Jo.na e¡dm|Zo `m d¡îUdm|Zo {edH$s `m {dîUwH$s ‘y{V©Am|H$mo H$^r nËWaH$s ‘mZ H$aIpÊS>V Vmo Zht {H$`m. ñ‘mV© O¡go nÄMXodmonmgH$ hmoVo Wo d¡go EoH$mpÝVH$^pŠVgåàXm`m|Ho$ AÝVJ©V e¡d emŠV `m d¡îUd Am{X EH$XygaoHo$ ‘pÝXam|‘|nyOm-Xe©Z H$aZo Z ^r OmVo hm|, Vmo ^r Xygao gåàXm`m|Ho$ ‘pÝXam|H$mo Vmo‹S> XoZoH$s~mV h‘mao gm§ñH¥${VH$ B{Vhmg‘| {‘bVr Zht h¡ ‘h{f© mñH$ H$hVo h¢ ""‘hm^m½`mX²XodVm`m… EH$… AmË‘m ~hþYm ñVy Vo. EH$ñ` AmË‘Zmo AÝ o Xodm… àË`“m{Z^dpÝV... àH¥${Vgmd©ZmåÝ`mV² M'' ({ZK.{Zé.7&1&4) AV… XodVmAm|Ho$AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-A{YH$mam|Ho$ Û¡V‘| EH$ gd©Zm‘m gd©ê$n gd©H$‘m© na‘mË‘mHo$AÛ¡VH$mo, VÎmV² gmåàXm{`H$ oXmo‘| EH$‘odm{ÛVr` na‘mË‘mHo$ A oXH$mo, ‘mÝ`aIZoHo$ H$maU hr `h gå^d hþdm hmoJm Eogr Wr AnZo Y‘©‘| h‘mar agÑpîQ> OmoY‘m] Am¡a VXmamÜ` XodVmAm|Ho$ EoH$mpÝVH$ Û¡V m EoH$mpÝVH$ AÛ¡VH$mo """Z'B{V-"Z'B{V'' {ZfoYÛmam CZHo$ àH$Q>(=gV²) Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m] Am¡a AàH$Q>(=Ë`V²)~«m{÷H$ VÎd Ho$ ‘hm`moJ‘| gË`H$mo ImoOZm MmhVr Wr.

^yVbHo$ nd©V ZXr `m d¥j Am{XH$mo nyOZo‘| ^r AnZr `hr agÑpîQ>PbH$Vr Wr. na‘mË‘mHo$ nmbH$ ê$n {dîUwH$s nËZrHo$ ê$n‘| h‘ n¥ÏdrH$m AmXaH$aVo Wo ""{dîUwnËZt ‘ht Xodt ‘mYdt ‘mYd{à`m§ bú‘r{à`gIt Xodr‘²''( ygyŠV) Bg n¥Ïdrna OZ‘Zm `m OrZm Vmo ‘‘Vm‘`r ‘mVmH$s JmoX‘| IobZo `mAmam‘ H$aZo O¡gr ghO-gwIX ~mV Wr ""‘o ‘mVm n¥{Wdr ‘hr`‘²''(F$Šg§{h.2&3&20). h‘mar Zht `h Vmo Jmoao gmh~m|H$s Ym{‘©H$ ‘mÝ`Vm Wr {H$

405 406

‘mZd ñdJ©go AY…nVZHo$ YamVbHo$ ê$n‘| n¥Ïdrna ’|$H$m J`m h¡. h‘Zo H$^r BgyVbH$mo Bg Vah {YŠH$mam Zht Wm.

yVbHo$ nd©V h‘| AnZr ‘mVm n¥ÏdrHo$ ñVZ O¡go bJVo Wo ""‘Ü o í`m‘…ñVZBd wd… eof{dñVmanmÊSw>…'' (‘oKXyV : 18) BZ nd©Vm|‘|go àH$Q> hmoZodmbrZ{XAm|H$s ObYmam h‘mao{b o Xw½Ymon‘dm[adm{hZr ñVÝ`Ymam Wr ""Z‘mo@ñVw`‘wZo gXm Vd M[aÌ‘² AË`X² wV‘², Z OmVw ‘`mVZm d{V Vo n`…nmZV…''(`‘wZmîQ>H$ : 6) d¥jdpëbAm|H$s dZamOr, AnZo ~mbH$H$mo ñVZnmZ H$amVog‘` nwb{H$V hmoZodmbr ‘‘Vm‘`r ‘mVmH$s amo‘amOr h‘| bJVr Wr.

H$moB© öX`hrZ Zanew hr Bgo "AÝYlÕm' H$h gH$Vm h¡, Š`m|{H$ `h Vmoh‘mar ‘mVmHo$ {b o h‘mao öX`‘| H¥$VkVmg^a h‘mam {ZíN>b ghO ñZoh hr Wm.

y{‘na AnZm ^d {H$gr e¡VmZHo$ Ûmam h‘| ^a‘m {X o OmZoHo$ H$maU Zhthþdm Wm, na ^JdmZ² {dîUw Am¡a ^JdVr n¥Ïdr H$s nañna àU`H«$s‹S>mH$s EH$‘Ywa n[aU{V h¡. AVEd y{‘Ho$ A§JàË §Jm|‘| h‘| nyÁ`^md Am¡a gM H$h| Vmo,Cggo ^r A{YH$ ‘mV¥ mdmË‘H$ ñZoh hr Wm.

`h Vmo A^maVr` OZm|H$s YmaUm Wr {H$ Amaå^‘| h‘ AnZo na‘ {nVmHo$gmW ñdJ©Ho$ n{dÌ CÚmZ‘| ahVo Wo. ~mX‘| e¡VmZZo h‘| ^a‘m H$a na‘ {nVmna‘oídaHo$ gmW ah nmZoH$mo A`mo½` An{dÌ nmnr ~Zm {X`m. Bgr{b o h‘|YamVbna YHo$bm J`m. Eogr YmaUmHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Y[aÌrHo$ A§JàË §Jmon‘nd©V ZXr d¥jm| Am{XH$s nyOm CÝh| O§JbrnZm bJo `h Vmo gd©Wm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡.na h‘mao Jbo‘| CZH$s ~mV Š`m|-H¡$go CVa JB© `h g‘P‘| Zht AmVm

n¥ÏdrHo$ J ©‘| pñWV YmVw `m {ebm Ho$ ^rVa na‘mË‘mH$m dr © `m gm‘Ï ©ahm hþdm h¡, AVEd Vmo {Og {ebm‘`r `m YmVw‘`r ‘y{V©‘| {ZO BîQ>XodH$mAmH$ma C^mam J`m hmo Cg‘| gpÀMXmZÝX na‘mË‘mHo$ ApñVËd M¡VÝ` Am¡aAmZÝX AWm©V² AÛ¡V h‘| ‘mÝ` Wo. AV… H¥$nmbwVm Eoíd © dr © `e lr kmZ Am¡a

d¡am½` O¡go Xygao {Xì` ^JdX²JwUm|H$s ^r namoj {dÚ‘mZVm h‘| ‘mÝ` Wr. `{Xna‘mË‘m ñd § ì`mnH$ hmo Am¡a CgHo$ kmZ ~b Eoíd © AmZÝX Am¡a AÛ¡V ^rì`mnH$ hm| Vmo, Š`m ‘y{V©Ho$ AndmXH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a hr do ~«÷mÊS>‘| ì`mnH$ hmoVohm|Jo?

A^maVr` OZm|Zo h‘| Jmbr Xr : ""Idol-worshiper Black Indians!!''

AWm©V² ‘y{V©nyOH$ H$mbo {hÝXwñVmZr. AV… bÁOV hmo H$a h‘ h‘mam H$mbm a§JVmo nm¢N> Zht nm o, na h‘mao Ideals AmXem] Am¡a Idols ‘y{V©Am| ‘| ahr h‘marlÕmH$mo h‘ ~w{Õ’$bH$nago nm¢N> H$a gm’$ H$aZo‘| OwQ> J o

naÝVw dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo `h h¡ {H$ Bg n¥Ïdrna Ho$db h‘ hr Zht àH$Q>o,AnZo `hm§ Vmo ‘Ëñ` H$ÀN>n h§g dmamh Aíd Z¥qgh Am{X AZoH$ àm{UAm|Ho$ê$n‘| ^r na‘mË‘m Bg yVbna àmXw y©V hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡. AZoH$ ê$nm|‘|na‘mË‘mHo$ AdVmaH$s `h ~mV h‘mao{b o nŠH$s Joa|Q>r ê$n h¡ {H$ Bg yVbnaHo$db ‘Zwî`mH$ma XohYmar‘| hr Zht naÝVw àË oH$ Om{V-AmH¥${VHo$ XohYm[aAm|‘|dh {Xì`Vm ^ar hþ r h¡. {’$a^r na‘mUw (Atom) ‘|go D$Om© (Energy) àmßVH$aZoHo$ {dkmZ‘| h‘ BVZo ‘eJyb ~Z J o h¢ {H$ A~ H$U-H$U‘| H¥$îU hmoZoH$s~mV h‘| AÝYlÕm bJVr h¡ CYma br J`r ~w{ÕH$m d¡ d Vmo Eogm hr hmoJm Z

na‘mË‘mHo$ kmZ ~b Eoíd`© AmZÝX AZwJ«h Am¡a AÛ¡V H$s {Xì`Vmgyú‘ê$noU àË`oH$ ñWyb‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¡. `h ~mV AnZo emñÌm|Ho$ g‘rMrZAÜ``Z H$aZona OmZr Om gH$Vr h¡, na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘mhmËå`kmZHo$ pIb OmZona`h ~mV g‘Pr r Om gH$Vr h¡; Am¡a OrdmË‘m VWm na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM {dÚ‘mZghO ñZohH$mo Omo AghO Am¡a CYma br hþ r YmaUmAm|go T>m§n Z {X`m {X`m Om oVmo ‘y{V©Ho$ ñWyb ê$n‘| gyú‘ê$noU {dÚ‘mZ Eogr Bg {Xì`VmH$s AZw y{V ^ràmßV hmo gH$Vr h¡.

na‘mË‘m namoj ê$n YmaU H$a, bOrbr ZdmoT>m Zm{`H$mH$s Vah, AnZo ào‘rOrdmË‘mHo$ Z`Zm|go AmoPb hmo H$a ~¡R>m hþdm h¡ Bg {N>n OmZo‘| CgH$m Jy‹T>

407 408

ñÌr^md ~mha N>bH$ ahm h¡ Eogm Üd{ZV H$aVo hþdo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©amgnÄMmÜ`m`r‘| Jmo{nH$mAm|Ho$ ~rM‘| {N>n OmZodmbo lrH¥$îUH$mo ñÌrJyT>^mdmË‘m‘mZVo h¢. Cg {N>no hþdo lrH¥$îUH$mo ImoOZodmbr Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo JyT>nw§ mddVr‘mZVo h¢. `h ~mV Ho$db ‘y{V©‘| hr Ho$db gr{‘V Zht aIr J`r Wr :

""1gy m} 2Ap½Z… 3~«m÷Umo 4Jmdmo 5d¡îUd… 6I§ 7‘éX² 8Ob§9 y… 10AmË‘m 11gd© yVm{Z ^Ð nyOmnXm{Z ‘o.1gy }Vw {dÚ`m Ìæ`m 2h{dfm A½Zm¡ `OoV ‘m§3Am{VÏ oZ Vw {dàm½a² o 4Jmofw A“ `dgm{XZm5

d¡îUdo ~ÝYwgËH¥$Ë`m 6ö{X Io Ü`mZ{Zð>`m7dm`m¡ ‘w»`{Y`m 8Vmo o Ðì ¡… Vmo nwañH¥$V¡…9

ñWpÊS>bo ‘ÝÌöX ¡… 10^moJ¡… AmË‘mZ‘² AmË‘{Z11joÌk§ gd© yVofw g‘ËdoZ `OoV ‘m‘²''

(^mJ.nwam.11&11&42-45).

BZ ½`mah nyOmnXm|H$mo `hm§ AJ{UV na AÝ`Ì ‘mÝ` nd©V d¥j ZXr H$be{MÌ Am{XH$mo ^r nyOmnX ‘mZ H$a Mb| Vmo dñVw‘mÌH$s ~«÷mË‘H$VmH$m ~moYOJmZm hr Bg H$V©ì`monXoe‘| VmËn ©{df`r yV CnXoe h¡.

dñVwVñVw Ho$db H$hm§ `m gd©Ì ~«÷^md aI H¡$go na‘mË‘mH$m nyOZ H$aZmBVZo go H$V©ì`‘| hr Y‘©H$s "AWo{Vlr' g‘m{hV ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr. `Ú{ngåà{V dUm©l‘-ì`dñWm CpÀN>ÝZàm` h¡ AÝ`Wm ñdñddU©Ho$ VWm ñdñd-Aml‘Ho$ {deof H$V©ì` Am¡a dUm©l‘oVa gm‘mÝ` ‘mZd‘mÌHo$ ^r Xe{dY""Y¥{V… j‘m X‘mo AñVo § em¡M‘² BpÝÐ`{ZJ«h… Yr… {dÚm gË`‘² AH«$moYmoXeH§$ Y‘©bjU‘²'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.6&92) H$V©ì`m|H$m {Zdm©h ^JdX²JrVmHo$ AZwgma""ñdo ñdo H$‘©{U A{^aV… g§{gqÕ b^Vo Za… ñdH$‘©{ZaV… {gqÕ `Wm{dÝX{V VV² lwUw : `V… àd¥{Îm… yVmZm§ oZ gd©‘² BX§ VV§ ñdH$‘©Um V‘²Aä`À © {gqÕ ‘mZd…'' (^J.JrVm.18&45-46) Y‘©V`m hr g‘mÑV hþdmh¡. BZ g^r àH$maHo$ Y‘©ê$n H$V©ì`m|Ho$ {Zdm©h‘| AW©-H$m‘ nwéfmWm]H$s d¡Yì`dñWm ‘mÝ` aIr J`r. gmW hr gmW ‘mojnwéfmW©Ho$ hoVw emñÌ{d{hV H$‘©

kmZ ^pŠV ê$n Y‘m]H$m Y‘©ËdoZ hr g‘mXa h¡. `h IoXH$m {df` h¡ {H$AmYw{ZH$ Y‘m}nXoeH$ `m Vmo AM©Z-nyOZH$s `m {’$a ‘mojmonm`ê$n H$‘© kmZ `m^pŠV ê$n Y‘m]H$s n[a{Ygo ~mha Y‘©ldUmWu OZgmYmaUH$mo {ZH$bZo Zht XoZmMmhVo Xmof Bg‘| naÝVw Y‘©Ñ{ï>H$m Z hmo H$a AnZr ‘yb ì`dñWm‘| lmoVm-dŠVmC^`Ì nZno lÕmõmgH$m A{YH$ bJVm h¡.

àH¥$V {df`Ho$ nwZ… AZwgÝYmZmW© : OJV²Ho$ ñWyb ê$nm|‘| na‘mË‘mH$sAnamoj AZw y{V Z hmoZr `m na‘mË‘mH$m namoj hmoZm, dh Vmo bOrbr ZdmoT>mHo$O¡gm na‘mË‘mH$m Jy‹T>ñÌr^md h¡ naÝVw O~ AmO h‘| ñWybHo$ IÊS>ZH$s hr YwZgdma hmo J`r hmo Vmo, V~ ñWyb Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| {N>no hþdo na‘mË‘mHo$ gmWAm§I{‘Mm¡Zr IobZoH$s ‘ñVr H¡$go {‘b nm oJr?

h‘mam Y‘© h‘| AnZr ‘‘Vm‘`r ‘mVm YaVrH$mo {YŠH$maHo$, {dYmVmHo$Ü`mZ YaZoH$s àoaUm Zht XoVm h¡. Omo Bg YamVbna ^JdmZ AdVrU© hmoVo hm|Vmo, ^ŠVH$mo ‘wpŠV Zht àË wV ^JdmZ²H$s yVbna àH$Q> hmoZodmbr brbmAm|Ho$Xe©ZH$s àVrjm `m bmbgm ‘| {ZaÝVa `hm§ OZ‘Vo ahZm A{YH$ gwhmVm h¡.JwOamVHo$ ^ŠVH${d X`mam‘^mB© H$hVo h¢ :

""ho àmUOrdZ XrZ hmo H$a `mMZm H$aVm hÿ§±‘wPo AnZo ào‘agH$m nmZ H$amAmoOmo ‘wpŠV‘mJu hmo Cgo Amn kmZ àXmZ H$a|&‘wPo Vmo dh éMVm hr Zht h¡&&Omo {ZY©Z hmo Cgo ImZo‘| am~ gwhm gH$Vr h¡&Omo ImZoH$m emoIrZ hmo Cgo gÝVmof H$~ hmoVm h¡&&h‘ Vmo AmnHo$ {ZOr godH$ h¢&h‘mao ^rVa boe‘mÌ ^r ‘wpŠVH$s bmbgm Zht h¡&&h‘ Vmo AnZo ZQ>daHo$ ê$nH$mo hr {ZË` {ZaIZm MmhVo h¢&h‘mao {h`am‘| Vmo BgrH$s hm|g h¡&&

409 410

h‘mao gmao ‘ZmoaWVmo AmnH$mo {ZaIVo ahZogo hr nyU©hmogH$Voh¢&

do AmnHo$ gmW EH$Vmbm^go gÝVwï> Zht hmo nm |Jo&&''(^ŠVH${d lrX`mam‘^mB©).

h‘mar VníM`m©H$m ’$b dh na‘mË‘m h¡ naÝVw `h ’$b h‘| Bgr y{‘na hrnmZm h¡. AnZo ^pŠVagHo$ ñWm`r ^mdHo$ Ambå~Z {d^md do ^JdmZ² d«OmYrnhr h¢ CÝh|, naÝVw, ^OZm h¡ Bgr yVbna hr ""^JdmZod {h ’$b§ g `WmAm{d ©doX² w{d'' (nw{ï>àdmh‘`m©Xm : 17). AV… yVbna ^pŠVH$s Bg‘hmonbpãYH$s bmbgm‘| ^ŠV Iwb H$a H$h nmVm h¡ :

""‘wPo d«O hr {à` bJVm h¡ ‘¢ d¡Hw$ÊR> Zht OmZm MmhVm dhm§ ‘¢ ZÝXHw$§daH$mo H¡$go àmßV H$a nmD$§Jm''

(^ŠVH${d lrX`mam‘^mB©).

Bg yVbH$mo VO H$a ñdJ© `m d¡Hw$ÊR> ‘| OmZm ^r h‘| Vmo éMVm Zht h¡.Š`m|{H$ yVbna ^JdmZ²H$mo ^OZm Bgr‘| OrdZH$s gÀMr gmW©H$Vm h¡ : ""^ЧH$U}{^… lwUw m‘ Xodm… ^Ч ní o‘ A{j{^… `OÌm pñWa¡… A“¡… Vwïw>dm§g…VZy{^… ì`eo‘ Xod{hV§ `Xm w…'' (àíZmon{ZfV² : ‘§Jbm.).

na‘mË‘mH$mo na‘{nVm ‘mZZoH$s Vah n¥ÏdrH$mo na‘‘mVm ‘mZZoH$s h‘marYm{‘©H$ ÑpîQ>Ho$ H$maU, O¡go AmOH$b ‘m§-~mnHo$ ~rM VbmµH$ hmo OmZona,Aënd`ñH$ ~mbH$ ‘mVmHo$ nmg ahVo h¢ Am¡a d`ñH$ ~mbH$ AnZr ‘Zmoé{MHo$AZwgma Ohm§ Mmh| ah nmVo h¢, d¡go hr Hw$N> lrX`mam‘^mB©Zo Aënd`ñH$~mbH$H$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmHo$ de XrZ hmo H$a ‘mVm y{‘Ho$ nmg ahZm C{MV ‘mZ {b`mh¡ d`ñH$mon‘ kmZr ~ZZm ng§X Zht {H$`m. AVEd do H$hVo h¢ … "" ‘wpŠV ‘wPoZht gwhmVr h¡'' `h Vmo AmYw{ZH$ VbmµH$ boZoH$s ’o$eZH$s VO©‘| Hw$N> dU©Z hmoJ`m {ddmhHo$ ~mX VbmµH$H$s `h H$Wm ^r AmYw{ZH$ XmånË`H$s H$éU JmWmh¡. ^JdmZ² {dîUw Am¡a ^JdVr n¥ÏdrHo$ ‘Ywa XmånË`Ho$ gZmVZ gå~ÝY‘| VmoEogm Aì`ŠV ^md ^r agm^mg hr àH$Q> H$aVm EH$ ^ŠVH$mo àVrV hmoJm.

`h gmam CnÐd ‘Zwî`H$mo Ho$db AnZo A^m¡{‘H$ ‘mojH$s Ëdamgo J«ñV ~ZmXoZoHo$ EH$ Ad¡{XH$ f‹S> §Ìgo AZwào[aV nbm`ZdmXr é{MH$m Xwîn[aUm‘ àVrVhmoVm h¡ h‘mar ‘m¡{bH$ agÑ{ï>H$s AdYmaUmgo gd©Wm {dnarV. A^m¡{‘H$ ‘mojHo$na‘ nwéfmW© hmoZoH$m AñdrH$ma eŠ` Zht naÝVw Y‘©nwéfmW© AW©nwéfmW© Ed§H$m‘nwéfmW© Ho$ gÝVwbZH$s nadmh {H$ o {~Zm A{YH$mamZ{YH$maHo$ {ddoH$ {~Zmg^rH$mo ‘moj‘mJu {eî` ~Zm XoZoH$s XwX©‘ JwénXbmbgmH$m A{VaoH$Ho$ AbmdmBgo Am¡a Hw$N> ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm Omo ~w{Õ‘mZ AnZr ~w{ÕHo$ à`moJ {H$ o {~Zmh‘mao Y‘©H$s {ZÝXm "" yVbgo ~§Yo hþdo Y‘©'' (Earth-bound religion) Ho$ê$n‘| H$aVo Wo, CÝh| AnZo MaUm|Ho$ ZrMo ahm YamVb A~ pIgH$Vm gm bJZobJm h¡. AVEd Inter Religious Dialogue H$s Amdí`H$Vm CÝh| gdm©{YH$gVmZo bJr h¡ EVmdVm A~ Bgo àñVwV wJrZ Amdí`H$VmHo$ ê$n‘| h‘| AnZoY‘©‘| ahr hþ r agÑpîQ>H$mo ‘wI[aV hmoZo XoZm Mm{h o. Vm{H$ AnZo Y‘©‘| ahr hþ rJhZ Xme©{ZH$ MoVZmH$mo {Z © VmHo$ gmW ~mha àH$Q> hmoZoH$m Adga {‘bo

::Xe©Z‘| AnZr agÑpîQ>:: Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZHo$ Zm‘na A~ Omo Hw$N> {MÝVZ h‘| éMZo bJm h¡, dh `h

{H$ {d{dY Y‘©, Xod, Xe©Z Am¡a gåàXm`m|Ho$ oX {‘Ï`m h¢. na‘mË‘mHo$ {d{dYXodê$nm|Ho$ oX, JwU oX, brbm oX `m gmYZmàUmbrHo$ oXm|H$mo AmO gË` H$hZo`m ‘mZZo bJ| Vmo h‘mar JUZm gåàXm`dm{XAm|‘| hmoZo bJVr h¡. h‘ A{V-AÛ¡VdmXH$s Eogr ^ §H$a ‘ZmoJ«pÝWgo nr{‹S>V h¢ AmOgo gm¡-gdmgm¡ df© nhboyamon‘| AÛ¡VdmXH$s Am§Yr à~b hþ r Wr dh dhm§ Vmo W‘ J`r, naÝVw h‘ AnZo

Xoe‘| Cgo AnZm {dídH$mo àXmZ ‘mZ boZoH$s «‘Um‘| aMnM J o h¢

Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V XmoZm|H$mo nma‘m{W©H$ ‘mZZodmbr h‘mao Cn{ZfXm|H$s àmMrZÑpîQ>go h‘mam VÎd{MÝVZ dpÄMV hmoVm Om ahm h¡. h‘| AY©gË` O¡gm Ho$dbAÛ¡V hr, VÎdÑ{ï>‘| Z ghr naÝVw Y‘©Ñ{ï>‘| Vmo {ZíM oZ, A{YH$ gwhmZo bJmh¡. Š`m|{H$ gmao Û¡Vm|H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZ boZona gmar Xod‘y{V©Am|go, gmao gmåàXm{`H$~ÝYZm|go AWm©V² {d{Y{ZfoYm|go, gmar gmYZmàUm{bAm|go AWdm Vmo ñdñdY‘m]‘|

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ahZodmbr EoH$mpÝVH$ {ZîR>mAm|Ho$ J‹T>m|‘| go ^mJ Ny>Q>ZoH$s EH$ d¡Mm[aH$ gwa§J{‘b OmVr h¡.

AV… gåàXm` oX, gmYZmàUmbrHo$ oX, VÎmV² XodVmAm|Ho$ ê$n oX JwU oXbrbm^oX Ho$ Zm‘na hmoZodmbo AÝVagmåàXm{`H$ H$bhH$m ~hmZm ~Zm H$aoXH$s {ZÝXm H$aZoH$s EH$ ’o$eZ h‘Zo ewé H$a Xr h¡. O~{H$ hH$sH$V `h h¡

{H$ Eogo V‘m‘ oXm|‘| AnZr {ZîR>m Vmo‹S> XoZoHo$ ~mdOyX, Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$,amOZ¡{VH$, àmÝVr`, amîQ´>r` Am¡a Cn‘hmÛrnr` jwÐ ‘wÔm|Ho$ H$bh Vmo h‘Zo ~‹T>m ohr h¢ KQ>mZoHo$ ~Om` BZ H$bhm|‘| nj-à{VnjHo$ njnmVÛmam EH$XyOoH$mo V~mhH$a XoZodmbr {Zðw>a qhgm KQ>r Zht, ~‹T>r hr h¡. hH$sH$V‘| Vmo Eogo PJ‹S>o Y‘©-gåàXm`m|Ho$ H$maU hmoVo Zht Wo naÝVw ‘mZdH$s PJ‹S>mby ‘Zmod¥{ÎmHo$ H$maU hmoVoWo. Cg ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo gwYmaZo‘| A{V-AÛ¡VdmXH$s ÑpîQ> gd©Wm {d’$b hr ahrnaÝVw Û¡VHo$ {‘Ï`m hmoZoHo$ àMwa àMmaHo$ de AnZo-AnZo {d{^ÝZ Y‘©-gåàXm`m|, AmMm ©J«ÝWm| Am¡a BîQ>Xodm| H$s gmYZmàUmbr‘| go AmYr-AYyarlmoVmAm|H$s lÕm `m {ZîR>m H$mo Vmo‹S> XoZo‘| AÀN>r-Imgr g’$bVm A{V-AÛ¡VdmXH$mo Adí` hr àmßV hþ r h¡

AV… g^r Y‘m]Ho$ MmbmH$ dŠVm AnZo-AnZo Y‘m] Am¡a J«ÝWm| H$mo{dídY‘© Am¡a {dídJ«ÝW {gÕ H$aZoH$mo {ZË` ZB© wpŠV ImoO {ZH$mbZo bJo h¢.nhbo Omo Y‘m}nXoeH$ ñd §Ho$ Y‘©H$mo gË` Am¡a XygaoHo$ Y‘©H$mo AgË` {gÕH$aZoH$s ñnYm©‘| AmË‘Jm¡ad g‘PVo Wo, A~ do hr gÀMr `m ImoQ>r {H$gr ^rwpŠVH$m ghmam bo H$a, A{YH$m{YH$ lmoVmAm|‘| ñd §H$m Y‘© {dídY‘© h¡, Eogr

N>mn I‹S>r H$aZoH$s ñnYm©‘| CVa J o h¢. AmOH$b Xygao gåàXm`Ho$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ D$naàdMZ H$a, J«ÝWHo$ ‘yb boIH$Zo {Og ~mVH$s H$ënZm ^r Z H$s hmo Eogrì`m»`m CZna Wmon {~R>mZoH$s ’o$eZ bmoH${à` hmo J`r h¡. AmO AnZo {dMmam|Ho$d¡pídH$ (Universal) hmoZoH$s N>mn I‹S>r H$a Ho$, na‘VHo$ ‘mÝ` J«ÝW, Xodê$n,gmYZmàUmbr‘| CgHo$ AZw m{`dJ©H$s {ZîR>mHo$ IÊS>ZH$m H«y$aVmÊS>d A{V-AÛ¡VdmXHo$ Zm‘na Mbm`m OmVm h¡. Bg H«y$a VmÊS>dHo$ H$m ©H«$‘‘| Omo ì`pŠVXe©H$ `m lmoVm Ho$ ê$n‘| gpå‘{bV Z hmo, Cgo g§H$sU© gåàXm`dmXr d¥{ÎmH$m‘Zwî` ‘mZ boZoH$s EH$ AX² wV d¡Mm[aH$ g§H$sU©Vm Omoa nH$‹S>Vr Om ahr h¡. d¡go

d¡Mm[aH$ g§H$sU©VmH$mo KQ>mZo‘| Eogr A{V-AÛ¡VdmXdmbr ÑpîQ> g’$b hmo ZhtnmVr na ""Û`mo… H$bho V¥Vr`ñ` bm^…'' H$s Hy$Q>Zr{V ^ao Xm±dnoM‘| {ZíM`n`m©ßV H$m‘`m~ hmo OmVr h¡ !

Cn{ZfXm|H$m VÎd{MÝVZ Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZ H$a AÛ¡VH$mo nwañH¥$V H$aZoH$mZht Wm; ‘yV©H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZ H$a A‘yV©H$s ImoO‘| ^Q>H$Vo ahZoH$m ^r Zht Wm;‘Ë ©Ho$ ~mao‘| {Z‘©‘-{Zðw>a hmo H$a A‘¥VH$s ImoOHo$ CÝ‘mX‘| Xm¡‹S>Vo ahZoH$m ^rZht Wm, pñW{VH$mo «mpÝV ‘mZ H$a J{VHo$ XwíMH«$‘| `m J{VH$mo «mpÝV ‘mZ H$apñW{VH$s O‹S>Vm‘| ’§$g OmZoH$m ^r Zht Wm, dh {MÝVZ ñWyb `m àË`j H$mo{YŠH$ma H$a, gyú‘ `m namojH$s Zrag ImoO‘| ‘a-{‘Q>ZoH$m ^r Zht Wm.

Cn{ZfXm|H$s Ñ‹T> {d^mdZm Wr {H$ EH$ hr ~«÷‘| AZoH${dY {damoYm^mgrJwU ahVo h¢. AVEd H$hm J`m h¡ :

1.AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo.2.AUmoaUr`mZ² ‘hVmo ‘hr`mZ².3.AmgrZmo Xya§ d«O{V e`mZmo `m{V gd©V….4.`ñ` A‘V§ ‘V§ Vñ` ‘V§ `ñ` Z doX g, A{dkmV§ {dOmZVm§ {dkmV‘{dOmZVm‘².5.^rfm Añ‘mX² dmV… ndVo ^rfm CXo{V gy ©…, ^rfm Añ‘mX² Ap½ZíM BÝÐíM ‘¥Ë w… Ymd{V nÄM‘ B{V. g¡fm AmZÝXñ` ‘r‘m§gm ^d{V.(H$R>mon.2&20-21,Ho$Zmon.2&3,V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7)

AV… AO-ZÝXmË‘O, AUwn[a‘mU-ì`mnH$, Hy$Q>ñW- yVb{dhmar, A‘V-‘V, A{dkmV-{dkmV, ^ §H$a-AmZÝXê$n Eogo AZoH$ ê$n EH$ hr ~«÷Ho$ hmogH$Vo h¢. O¡go EH$ hr a{VHo$ ñWm`r ^md‘| ê$nJd©-‘mZ-àU`H$bh-{MÝVmAm{X {d{dY gÄMmar md àH$Q> hmoVo h¢, Eogo hr gË`g§H$ën na‘mË‘mHo$ AÛ¡V‘|

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gd©^dZ gm‘Ï`©Ho$ H$maU AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ho$ àH$Q> hmo gH$Vo h¢""EH$‘od A{ÛVr §... VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o '' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-3). Bg g¥pîQ>ê$nr ZmQ>H$H$m Hw$eb A{^ZoVm ~«÷ AZoH$ Zm‘ AZoH$ ê$n Am¡aAZoH$ H$‘m] H$mo YmaU H$a h‘mao gm‘Zo àH$Q> hr h¡ ""gdm©{U ê$nm{U{d{MË` Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm A{^dXZ `X² AmñVo'' ({MÎ w.12&7). AV…Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V EH$ hr ~«÷Ho$ XmoZm| dmñV{dH$ ê$n h¢ ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umoê$no''(`Wmnyd©). AV… ~«÷kmZHo$ gÝX^©‘| Cn{ZfX² O¡go Ho$dbÛ¡VdmXH$m"""Z'B{V-"Z'B{V'' Ûmam {ZfoY H$aVm h¡ d¡go hr Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXH$m ^r {ZfoY’${bV hmoVm hr h¡.

EoH$mpÝVH$ Û¡V Am¡a EoH$mpÝVH$ AÛ¡V XmoZm| hr AY©gË` {gÕ hmoVo h¢. ~«÷BZ XmoZm| AY©gË`m|go Hw$N> A{YH$ Eogm XmoZm|H$m `moJ h¡. Jwbm~H$m ’y$b CgH$sgmar n§Iw{‹S>Am|Ho$ Z Ho$db `moJ hmoVm àË wV Cggo Hw$N> A{YH$ hr. AÝ`WmCÝht n§Iw{‹S>Am|H$mo ZmoM H$a CZHo$ T>oa bJmZona ^r Jwbm~H$m ’y$b {gÕ hmoZmMm{h o Wm. n§Iw{‹S>Am|Ho$ AmH$ma‘| H$mQ> H$a ~m§Yr J`r a§JrZ H$mJXH$s H$VaZ^r Jwbm~ Zht hmoVm. Am¡a Z erer‘| ^am hþdm ého-Jwbm~ hr Jwbm~H$sdmñV{dH$ n§Iw{‹S>`m§ Am¡a CZH$m {deof AmH¥${V‘| g§ moOZ Jwbm~ hmoVm h¡. BgJwbm~Ho$ ’y$b Am¡a CgH$s n§Iw{‹S>Am|Ho$ ~rM Û¡V hmoVm h¡ `m AÛ¡V Bg g‘ñ`mH$mg‘mYmZ `{X Ho$dbÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma XoZm Mmh|Jo Vmo H$hZm n‹S>oJm {H$ Jwbm~H$moAnZr n§Iw{‹S>Am|H$s Anojm Zht h¡. `{X Ho$db Jwbm~ `m n§Iw{‹S>Am| ‘|go {H$grEH$H$mo na‘mW© gË` ‘mZ H$a Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXH$m Adbå~Z H$a|Jo Vmo Jwbm~H$sn§Iw{‹S>Am|Ho$ T>oaH$mo Jwbm~r a§JHo$ H$mJXH$s H$VaZm|Ho$ Jwbm~Ho$ AmH$ma‘| g§ moOZH$mo^r hR>mV² Jwbm~H$m ’y$b ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm.

{MÌ’$bH$ Am¡a a§Jm| ‘| O¡go {MÌH$m {díbofU eŠ` Zht, {gVma Am¡aCgHo$ gmV gwam| ‘| O¡go b{bV amJHo$ bm{bË`H$m {díbofU eŠ` Zhr hmo nmVm,d¡go hr Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V ‘|, `m ‘Ë © Am¡a A‘¥V ‘|, `m g{H«$` Am¡a {ZpîH«$` ‘|,`m àË`j Am¡a namoj ‘| ~«÷H$m {díbofU ^r eŠ` Zht Zo{V ! Zo{V !! Zo{V!!!

V~ "~«÷' {H$go H$hZm? BZ {damoYm^mgr ê$nm|H$s g‘J«Vm Am¡a Cggo ^rHw$N> A{YH$ Omo hmo dh ~«÷ h¡ ""g yq‘ {dídVmo d¥Ëdm AË`{Vð>X² Xem“xb§nwéf Ed BX§ gdª `X² yV§ `ÀM ^ì`‘²‘²'' (nwé.gy.1). ~«÷ {damoYm^mgrê$nm|H$m T>oa Zht hmoVm naÝVw CZH$m EH$ {d{eîQ> g§ moOZ h¡. dh Jwbm~Ho$ ’y$bO¡gm gwJ§{YV, {gVmaHo$ gwam|Ho$ O¡gm gwb{bV, H${dHo$ H$ÊR>go {ZH$bo eãX Am¡aN>ÝX O¡gm H$mì`mË‘H$ Am¡a EH$ Hw$eb {MÌH$ma Ûmam {d{dY a§Jm|go a§Jo {MÌO¡gm AmH$f©H$.

n[ag§» o Zht {H$ÝVw An[ag§» o {d{dY {damoYm^mgr ê$nm|Ho$ {d{eîQ>g§ moOZ ~«÷ h¡. AVEd Eogm Zht gmoM boZm Mm{h o {H$ AnZo KQ>H$ nXmWm]goK{Q>V hmoZoHo$ H$maU {ZO KQ>H$m|Ho$ g§KmVHo$ Abmdm dh Hw$N> ^r Zht. Š`m|{H$KQ>H$V`m AZw yV hmoVo lwË wŠV nXmWm]H$m oX Cg‘| àH$Q> hþdm h¡ Z{H$ dh AnZoKQ>H$V`m AZw yV hmoVo lwË wŠV nXmWm]go na‘mW©V`m AmaãY `m Ana‘mW©V`màVrË`g‘wËnÝZ Am^mg. AV… AZw y ‘mZ KQ>H$ {damoYm^mgr ê$nm|‘| CgH$m{díbofU eŠ` Zht. EH$-EH$ n§Iw‹S>r S§>Rw>b a§J JÝY AmH¥${V Am¡a n[a‘mUAm{X‘| {díbofUÛmam dmñV{dH$ Jwbm~Ho$ ’y$b Am¡a CgHo$ àË`` H$mo {~Ioa {X oOmZona O¡go dh µJm`~ hmo OmVm h¡; Eogo hr, ‘yVm©‘yV© ‘¥Ë`m©‘¥V MbHy$Q>ñWnamojmnamoj Û¡VmÛ¡V Am{X‘| {díbofU H$a {X o OmZona ~«÷H$mo ^r OmZ nmZm hrAeŠ` hmo Om oJm Vmo CgHo$ AmZÝX bo nmZoH$s Vmo H$Wm hr ~M Zht Om oJr.AVEd F$½doXHo$ nwéfgyŠV‘| H$hm J`m ""g yq‘ {dídVmo d¥Ëdm AË`{VîR>X²Xem§Jwb‘²'' (dht). """gV²'+"Ë`V²'="gË`''' g‘rH$aU‘| Xagm`r J`r g‘J«Vmhr na‘ gË`Vm h¡. dh EH$ {d{eîQ> g§ moOZde "gV²' Ho$ ~mX "Ë`V²' H$moCnñWm{nV H$aZona "gË`'H$mo àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡. """Ë`V²'+"gV²'="Ë`g'''"gV²' Am¡a "Ë`V²'H$m T>oa ImoOm Om gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw Cg‘| "gË`' C^a Zht nmVm.g‘J«VmHo$ ~moYHo$ hoVw nwîn g§JrV {MÌ `m H$mì` JV agmZw y{VHo$ A{YH$maröX`H$a Omo ^md hmoVm h¡, dhr `{X Z hmo Vmo, n§Iw{‹S>`m§ gwam| a§Jm| `m eãXm| H$mo{~Ioa {X o OmZona, AmË`pÝVH$ A^md hr AÝV‘| g~H$m {gÕ hmo Om oJm.AVEd ^mJdVnwamU H$hVm h¡ {H$ Cg na‘gË`ê$n na‘mË‘mH$m dnw-ñdê$n^mdmË‘H$ g§ moOZ‘| ahm hþdm h¡; Am¡a Cgo ^md`moJÛmam H$s OmVr {d^mdZmÛmamhr OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡, dh ñdê$n {díbofUÛmam hmoVo {d`moOZ‘| eŠ` Zht ""Ëd§

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^md`moJ-n[a^m{dV-öËgamoO Amñgo lwVo{jVnWmo ZZw ZmW nw§gm§, `X²-`X² {Y`m V CéJm` {d^md`pÝV VX²-VX² dnw… àU`go gXZwJ«hm`''(^mJ.nwam.3&9&11).

Bg g¥pîQ>Ho$ Amaå^H$m {MÌU Cn{ZfX²‘| A{Ve` AmH$f©H$ ar{Vgo {X`mJ`m h¡ …

""`h Omo Hw$N> {XIbm`r Xo ahm h¡ dh nhbo Ho$db AmË‘mhr Wm. AVEd Cgo AnZr AmË‘MoVZm‘| AnZo Abmdm {H$grXygaoH$m ^mZ hþdm hr Zht. AV… gd©àW‘ Cg AmË‘mZo AnZo-AmnH$mo "Ah§' Ho$ ê$n‘| nhMmZm. AVEd AmO ^r g^rMoVZmAm|‘| Ah§H$maH$m ^mZ àmW{‘H$ hr hmoVm h¡. Bg AhÝVmHo$àmW{‘H$ ~moYgo Omo ^r gånÝZ hmoVm h¡ CgHo$ gmao nmn ^ñ‘ hmoOmVo h¢. {’$a^r AnZr Bg Amh{‘H$s EH$Vm‘| Cgo ^r{VH$m ^mdOJm. AVEd AmO ^r EH$mH$s ì`pŠV ^`^rV hmo OmVm h¡.naÝVw CgZo `h gmoMm {H$ O~ ‘oao {gdm AÝ` H$moB© h¡ hr Zht V~^`^rV hmoZoH$m H$moB© H$maU Zht Eogm gmoMZo‘mÌgo CgH$m ^`{Zd¥Îm hmo J`m. ^` Vmo {H$gr Xygaogo hr hmoVm h¡ (AVEd OmoBgr Vah EH$ VmpÎdH$ AÛ¡VH$s ^mdZm AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$nH$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V‘| H$a nmVm h¡, CgH$m ^` {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡).Cgo, naÝVw, AnZr EH$m{H$Vm é{Ma Zht bJr. AVEd AmO ^r{H$grH$mo EH$mH$s ahZm gwhmVm Zht h¡. Cgo {H$gr XygaoH$s H$m‘Zmhþ r (dh Xygam H$moB© H$ht ~«÷Ho$ ~mhago Vmo Am hr Zht gH$VmWm, Š`m|{H$ g‘J« ~«÷Ho$ ~mha Hw$N> hmo hr Zht gH$Vm). AV…CgZo AnZo-AmnH$mo hr Xmo ê$nm|‘| ~m§Q> {b`m. EH$ ê$n‘| dhn{V ~Zm Am¡a Xygao ê$n‘| nËZr. Bg Vah Xmo ê$nm|‘| ~§Q> OmZona{Og ê$n‘| dh nËZr ~Zm Cg ê$nZo n{V ~Zo ê$ngo AZoH$mZoH$ê$n ~Xb H$a {N>nZm Mmhm AV… n{V ~Zo ê$nZo ^r VXZwgmaê$n ~Xb-~Xb H$a nËZrê$nH$mo ImoO hr {ZH$mbm Bg Vah

EH$Xygaogo {N>nZo Am¡a ImoO {ZH$mbZo Ho$ Iob‘| XmoZm|Zo AZÝVê$n YmaU {H$ o dhr Vmo Bg g¥pîQ>H$m ‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$n h¡.''

(~¥h.Cn.1&4&15).

Û¡V‘| ^`H$s gå^mdZm h¡, naÝVw AÛ¡V‘| a‘U Agå^d hmo OmVm h¡ AnZrAmdí`H$Vm Z Vmo Û¡VH$s h¡ Am¡a Z AÛ¡VH$s. h‘mar Amdí`H$Vm h¡ {Z ©a‘UH$s. Omo Ho$db Û¡V hmoVm Vmo a‘U gå^d Wm na Cg a‘U‘| `H$m {ZamH$aUZht hmo nmVm Omo Ho$db AÛ¡V hmoVm Vmo nyU© {Z © Vm {‘b gH$Vr h¡ na Cg{Z © Vm‘| a‘U gå^d Zht na‘mË‘mZo {Z © a‘UH$s {g{ÕHo$ hoVw Û¡V àH$Q>{H$`m. EH$m{H$Vm‘| AZoH$Vm C^mar J`r. A‘yV©H$mo ‘yV© ê$n YmaU H$aZo n‹S>o.A‘¥V ñd § hr ‘Ë © ~Z J`m. pñW{V‘| J{VHo$ ñnÝXZ hmoZo bJo. AZoH$ J{Verbê$n Cg EH$ Hy$Q>ñW ~«m{÷H$ AdH$me‘| {dMaU H$aZo bJ J o. Cg gZmVZAmË‘gÎmm‘| aho hþdo AmË‘mZÝXH$s gZmVZ AmË‘MoVZm‘| Hw$N> àË`j Vmo Hw$N>AàË`j O¡gm K{Q>V hmo J`m. AV… A{Zd©MZr` AmË‘mZÝXHo$ AJmY {gÝYw‘|""Šdm{g Šdm{g?'' H$s {dahì`Wm wŠV dmUr V~ bhamZo bJr. V~ Omo ‘yV©‘Ë © àË`j ê$n Wo do J{Verb hmo H$a, Omo A‘yV© A‘¥V namoj Hy$Q>ñW AMbê$n Wo CÝh| ImoOZo bJo. AVEd ewH$‘w{Z ^mJdV‘| H$hVo h¢ : ""JmonrZm§VËnVrZm§ M gd}fm‘{n Xo{hZm§ `mo AÝVíMa{V gmo@Ü`j… H«$sS>ZoZ BhXoh^mH²$'' (^mJ.nwam.10&33&36) AWm©V² Jmo{nH$mAm|Ho$ rVa CZ Jmo{nH$mAm|Ho$n{VAm|Ho$ ^r ^rVa Am¡a g^r XohYm[aAm|Ho$ ^rVa Omo {N>n H$a ~¡R>m hþdm h¡, dhrBg g¥pîQ>H$s brbmH$m ‘w»` Zm`H$ EH$ ê$n‘| {N>n H$a Xygao ê$n‘| ñd § AnZo-AmnH$mo hr ImoO ahm h¡.

EH$ ^mfm‘| {bIo J o J«ÝWH$m O~ {H$gr Xygar ^mfm‘| AZwdmX {H$`m OmVmh¡ V~ mfm hr Ho$db ~Xbr OmVr h¡, md Zht. {X AZwdmX‘| md ~Xb Om oVmo Eogo AZwdmXH$mo AewÕ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah a‘UHo$ ^mdgo ‘wI[aV hþ rdmUr‘| H$^r ^`Ho$ gwa ^r gwZm`r XoZo bJVo h¢. CgH$m AZwdmX `{X AÛ¡VH$s^mfm‘| H$a {X`m Om o Vmo h‘| {Z © Vm {‘b OmVr h¡. Eogm H$aVo g‘` `hgmdYmZr aIZr Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¡ {H$ a‘UH$m ^md H$ht Imo Z Om o ""gd¡Z¡d ao‘o... g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V²'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&3) H$s Û¡Vdmbr ^mfmH$m ‘w»`

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^md a‘UH$m hr Wm, AVEd ""EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1) H$sAÛ¡VH$s ^mfm‘| CgH$m AZwdmX H$aZona ""EH$mo Ah§ ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ‘²'' AWm©V²EH$ hr VÎd a‘UmW© AZoH$ Zm‘ê$nH$‘m]H$mo ñd § YmaU H$aVm h¡, `h H$Xm{n{dñ‘¥V Zht hmoZm Mm{h o. {Z © a‘UHo$ Bg ZmQ>ZH$mo Omo ^br^m§{V {Z^mZm hmoVmo, Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V XmoZm| hr ^mfmAm|H$m g‘w{MV kmZ Amdí`H$ h¡. AÝ`WmZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Bg ‘hm‘obo‘| {Z © hmoZoH$s A§Yr ^mJXm¡‹S>‘| ‘¥XwV‘-gwH$mo‘ba‘UH$m ^md H$ht Hw$Mb Z Om o !

AV… Cn{ZfX² H$hVm h¡ : ""Bg {XIbm`r XoVr AZoH$Vm‘| hr `{X h‘|EH$VmHo$ AZwXe©Z hmo nmVo h¢ Vmo Cg AZoH$VmHo$ H$maU hmoVo emoH$-‘moh H$ï> ZhtXo nm |Jo (`pñ‘Z² gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘¡d A yX² {dOmZV… VÌ H$mo ‘moh… H$…emoH$… EH$Ëd‘² AZwní`V…)'' (B©emdm.Cn.7)

dZ‘| CÝ‘wŠV {dMaVo qghHo$ Xe©Z gm‘mÝ` Xe©H$‘| Zrag emoH$-‘moh-^`n¡Xm H$aVo h¢, Š`m|{H$ Ñí` Am¡a ÐîQ>m Ho$ ~rM ñd § Ðï>mH$mo Û¡VH$m ñ’w$aU hmoVmh¡-^jH$ Am¡a ^ú` hmoZoH$s ^r{VHo$ de. {’$a^r Ho$db qghHo$ {MÌH$mo XoIZo‘|d¡gr ^ §H$aVmH$s agmZw y{V Zht hmoVr, O¡gr JO©Zm H$aVo Am¡a gaH$gH$s [a¨J²‘|Iwëbo {’$aVo gmjmV² qghH$mo XoI H$a hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ {MÌHo$ ÐîQ>m Am¡a Xe©ZHo$ ñd § nma‘m{W©H$ gË` hmoZona ^r nwamodVu {M{ÌV qgh nma‘m{W©H$ gË` ZhthmoVm. AV… qghHo$ {MÌHo$ ÐîQ>mH$m Ho$dbmÛ¡V agmZw y{V‘| ~mYH$ ~Z OmVm h¡.gaH$g‘| qghH$mo {ZhmaZm {ZíM` hr ^`ê$n ñWm`r ^mdH$s agmZw y{V h¡.gaH$gHo$ AÛ¡V‘| Xe©H$ Am¡a Ñí` qgh Ho$ Û¡V r{VHo$ ñWm`r mdH$mo agmZw y{V‘|nëb{dV H$a XoVo h¢ qghHo$ ^ §H$a hmoZoHo$ ewîH$ VÏ`H$mo [a¨J‘mñQ>a EH$ H${d`m {MÌH$ma H$s Vah O¡go agmË‘H$ ^md‘| ê$nmÝV[aV H$a XoVm h¡ Vmo r gaH$g‘|qghH$mo XoIo {~Zm qghH$s ^`mZH$ H$Wm gwZm H$a {Og ~mbH$H$mo Añdm^m{dH$ar{Vgo S>anmoH$ ~Zm {X`m J`m hmo Vmo, dh gaH$gHo$ qghH$mo XoI H$a ^rA{Ve` AYra ~Z amoZo-{MëbmZo bJ Om` `m K~am OmZogo CgH$s {K½Kr ~§YOm o Vmo Cg‘| Xmof CgHo$ JwéOZm|H$m hr hmoVm h¡ [a¨J‘mñQ>aH$m Zht.

EH$VmHo$ AZwXe©Z‘|, AZwdmXH$s Vah, AZoH$Vm‘| gå^dê$n a‘UH$m ^md~Zm ahZm Mm{h o, AÝ`Wm Vmo «m‘H$ AZwdmXH$s Vah dh AZwXe©Z ^r «‘nyU©{gÕ hmoJm. AÛ¡VH$s {Z^uH$ ^mfm‘| Aa{VH$m Xmof àH$Q> hmo Om oJm. `h g¥pîQ>^r dñVwV… Vmo EH$ H$mì` hr h¡, {OgH$s aMZm na‘mË‘mZo H$s h¡. Š`m|{H$AVrVmZmJVH$mo OmZ nmZm `m gmoM nmZm gd©k `m H${d XmoZm|‘| g‘mZ hr hmoVmh¡ AV… lw{V-ñ‘¥{VAm|‘o na‘mË‘mH$mo "H${d' ^r H$hm J`m h¡ : ""AZÝV‘²Aì``§ H${d‘²''-""H$qd nwamU‘² AZwem{gVma‘²'' (‘hmZm.Cn.11&7-^J.JrVm.8&9).

A~ Vmo h‘ ""agmË‘H$ eãXg§ moOZ'' O¡go gr{‘V AWm]‘| "H$mì`' eãXH$mà`moJ H$aVo h¢. g§ñH¥$V^mfmHo$ gm¡ÝX ©emñÌ‘| ZmQ>H$H$mo ^r Ñí`H$mì` ‘mZm J`mh¡. Wmo‹S>ogo ‘wŠVmJ«h hmo H$a, `{X g¥{ï>H$mo ^r h‘ EH$ H$mì`V`m ‘mÝ` H$a nm |Vmo nm§Mm| kmZopÝÐ`m| (Am§I, H$mZ, ZmH$, Or^ Am¡a ËdMm) Ûmam Bg g¥pîQ>H$mì`H$moXoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, gwZm Om gH$Vm h¡, gy§Km Om gH$Vm h¡, MIm Om gH$Vmh¡; Am¡a Nw>Am ^r Om gH$Vm h¡. BVZm hr Zht, naÝVw nm§M H$‘}pÝÐ`m| (hmW,nJ, dmUr Am{X) go Bg H$mì`H$mo nH$‹S>m gH$Vm h¡. Bg H$mì`‘| nmX{dhma hmogH$Vm h¡, Bg H$mì`H$m JmZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Ho$db ‘yH$ Xe©H$ ~Zo ahZoH$s{Z`{V `m `ÝÌUm Bg H$mì`‘| h¡ Zht Bg‘| {hñgm boZm hmo Vmo dh Am¡a Z boZmhmo Vmo gm{j^md Ûmam ^r Bgo XoIm Om gHo$ Eogo {X½Xe©H$s` {ZX}e Bgg¥pîQ>ZmQ>H$H$s pñH«$ßQ²>‘| kmZopÝÐ`m| Am¡a H$‘}pÝÐ`m| Ho$ g‘m`moOZ Ûmam {H$`m J`mh¡. Bg ZmQ>H$H$s H$Wm‘| h‘| Š`m amob AXm H$aZm h¡, Š`m-H¡$go g§dmX ~mobZoh¢, dh g~ öX`‘| ~¡R>m hþdm AÝV`m©‘r na‘mË‘m h‘| {jà{ZX}e (Prompt)

Ûmam OVm ahm hr h¡. Cg AÝV…àoaUmH$mo AnZr ~am~a OmZ-g‘P nm | VXW©h‘| ~w{Õê$n AÝV…H$aU àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg ZmQ>H$‘| ñd § h‘mao Am¡aXygaoHo$ A{^ZoVmAm|Ho$ A{^Z`H$m AmZÝX CR>m nm | EVXW© h‘| ‘Z ^r àXmZ{H$`m J`m h¡. Bg ZmQ>H$‘| A{^Z`H$s VÝ‘`Vm‘| {H$gr ^r àH$maH$m ì`dYmZZ n¡Xm hmo VXW© AhÝVm-‘‘VmH$s yb wb¡ mHo$ ^rVa h‘| aIm J`m h¡. `hAhÝVm-‘‘VmH$m wbmdm `{X Ho$db AnZo hr A{^Z` nyU© H$aZo‘| gr{‘V hmoOmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo "A{dÚm' H$hVo h¢. na `{X `h AhÝVm-‘‘Vm Bg g¥pîQ>H$s

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H«$s‹S>mH$mo g‘J«Vmgo Amd¥V H$a nm o Vmo Cgo {dÚmH$s namH$mîR>mê$n "gdm©Ë‘^md'H$hm OmVm h¡.

‘h{f© dm‘XodH$mo, AVEd, ~«÷mZw y{VH$s ‘ñVr‘| AnZm Ah§ md AnZoXoh‘| gr{‘V bJZoHo$ ~Om` g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>‘| ì`mn ahm gm bJZo bJm Wm :""VÕ¡VV² ní`Z² F${f… dm‘Xod… à{VnoXo Ah§ ‘Zw… A^d§ Ah§ gy`©…M''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&10).

{H$gr ^r H$mì` ZmQ>H$ `m CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ g§dmX `m H$WmdñVw Ho$ gmWO~ nmR>H$ `m Xe©H$ ‘| gmYmaUrH$aU (Identification) H$m ^md OJ Zht nmVmVmo agH$m Am{d^m©d AeŠ` hmo OmVm h¡. nmÌHo$ gwI-Xw…I O~ VH$ nmR>H$ `mXe©H$ H$mo AnZo gwI-Xw…I Zht bJVo V~ VH$ ag àH$Q> Zht hmo nmVm. {H$grnmÌHo$ H$éU éXZ Ûmam AnZm öX` `{X H$éUmgo ^a Zht OmVm h‘ H$éUagH$mAZw d H$a Zht nmVo. àU`àg§J‘| N>bH$Vr Xmo nmÌm|Ho$ ~rMH$s AZwamJ ^aràgÝZVm h‘| `{X JwXJwXm Zht nmVr Vmo e¥§JmaagH$m AZw d h‘mao{b o eŠ`Zht.

ZmQ>H$ Am¡a Xe©H$ Ho$ ~rM ahr Û¡VH$s YmaUm, `{X ZmQ>H$H$mo XoIVo g‘`{e{Wb Z hmo nmVr hmo Vmo Eogo ZmQ>H$Ho$ nmÌ, g§dmX `m H$Wm Ho$ gmW Xe©H$Ho$^rVa gmYmaUrH$aU AeŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡. `{X am‘brbmH$m Xe©H$ ""am‘H$sgrVmH$mo amdU CR>m J`m Cg‘| ‘oam Š`m J`m?'' Eogm Û¡V^md gmW am‘Ho$ gmWaI ~¡R>m hmo, dh am‘Ho$ öX`H$mo gmbVo grVmHo$ {dà`moJH$mo g‘P Zht nm oJm.Eogo Xe©H$ O~ am‘brbm XoIZoH$mo Am Y‘H$Vo h¢ V~ CZHo$ am‘ gM‘wM‘| amoVohm|Jo ghmZw y{V{dhrZ Xe©H$ àË oH$ am‘Ho$ {b o amdUgo ^r A{YH$ ^ §H$a {gÕhmoVo h¢, Š`m|{H$ amdUH$mo ‘ma H$a AnZr grVmH$mo nm boZm am‘brbm‘| eŠ`hmoVm h¡ naÝVw Xe©H$m|H$s ghmZw y{V nm boZr eŠ` Zht g¥pîQ> r EH$ Jdëbrbmh¡. Bg‘| Û¡V^md aIoZodmbo Eogo Xe©H$m|Ho$ ~mao‘| Cn{ZfX²Zo MoVmdZr Xr h¡ :""{ÛVr`mX² d¡ ^ § ^d{V'' (`Wmnyd©)

Xygar Amoa am‘brbmHo$ ZmQ>H$H$mo {‘Ï`m Ñí` ‘mZ H$a ñd §H$mo Ho$dbnma‘m{W©H$ ÐîQ>m ‘mZZodmbo Ho$dbmÛ¡V‘| µJm{’$b ahZodmbm Xe©H$ ^r am‘brbm‘|a‘ Zht nmVm Ho$db-AÛ¡VdmXH$s Pm|H$‘| ’§$go öX`‘| göX` Xe©H$ ‘a OmVmh¡. AV… dmñV{dH$ am‘M[aÌH$mo ^r ê$nH$ ‘mZ boZm A{YH$ éMVm h¡. EogoXe©H$H$mo am‘H$Wm H$hZoH$mo H$hm Om o Vmo dh Hw$N> Bg Vah hr àñVwV H$aZmMmhoJm :

`h AnZm OrdmË‘m hr AmË‘mam‘ am‘ h¡. CgH$s grVm{‘{WbmH$s amOHw$§dar Zht naÝVw AmË‘mÛ¡V‘| ahZodmbr empÝV dhrdmñV{dH$ grVm h¡. Bg nmÄM^m¡{VH$ XohH$s n§MdQ>r‘|go amJÛofHo$Û¡V^mdH$m amdU Cg AmË‘empÝVH$s grVmH$mo ha OmVm h¡. Bg^ §H$a amjggo grVmH$mo Nw>‹S>mZm hmo Vmo gm§gm[aH$ ‘mohHo$ gmJaH$snabr nma OmZm n‹S>oJm. nma§JV(!) hmoZm n‹S>oJm. {’$a amJÛofHo$Û¡V^mdH$mo amdUH$mo ‘ma H$a, Vwåhmar AmË‘mÛ¡VH$s empÝVH$s grVmVwåh| {’$a {‘b Om oJr !

Cn{ZfX² {H$ÝVw Hw$N> AÝ` hr ~mV H$hZm MmhVo h¢ ! H$moB© ^r kmZrOrdmË‘m na‘mË‘mgo A{YH$ kmZr Vmo hmo Zht nm oJm. Cg na‘mË‘mH$mo ^r `{XAmË‘a‘U‘| n[anyU© a‘UH$s agmZw y{V Z hmo nm`r ""g d¡ Z¡d ao‘o. Vñ‘mX²EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ² Amg. g AmË‘mZ§ ÛoYmAmnmV`V² n{V… M nËZr M A^dVm‘²'' (`Wmnyd©), V~ Amn ‘hmoX` BVZo{H$VZo ~‹S>o kmZr ~Z J o {H$ EH$m{H$V`m Bg OJV²‘| AmË‘mam‘ ~Z H$a{~amO‘mZ ah nm |Jo?

na‘mË‘mH$s Bg am‘brbm‘| Xe©H$Ho$ ê$n‘| AmZodmbo Omo na‘mË‘mH$sbrbm‘| brbmam‘ ~ZZoH$s ~Om` brbmgo {daV hmo H$a Ho$db AmË‘Xe©Z‘|a‘Zodmbo AmË‘mam‘ ~ZZm MmhVo h¢, CZH$m ^{dî` Vmo lw{VZo MwnMmn ~Vm {X`m{H$:""Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo'' ""Vw‘ AmË‘mam‘ ~Z H$a EH$mH$s a‘U H$aZht nmAmoJo'' `h ^{dî`dmUr H$^r ImoQ>r Zhtn‹S>Vr.

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grVm Am¡a am‘ Ho$ {à`m-{à`V‘Ho$ Û¡VK{Q>V àU`Ñí`H$mo ‘m`mH$m {‘Ï`m"H$nQ>ZmQ>H$' H$h H$a AñdrH$ma H$aZodmbo, ñd §H$mo Ho$db nma‘m{W©H$ ÐîQ>m‘mZ H$a Mb n‹S>Vo h¢, naÝVw CZgo AmË‘H¡$dë`Ho$ Ü`mZ‘| Amdí`H$ ‘m¡Z {Z^Zht nmVm AV… do AmË‘mHo$ AÛ¡Vna àdMZ àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢. Eogo AmË‘mam‘~ZZm MmhVo kmZrH$s dmUr gwZZo {Okmgw lmoVmJU OwQ> OmVo h¢. à{V{XZ kmZàmpßVHo$ hoVw ldUì`gZr lmoVm gÀMo {daŠV `m ‘w‘wjw hm| `m Z hm|; {’$a^r,dŠVmH$mo Vmo AmË‘r` bJZo hr bJVo h¢. AÝVV… `h AmË‘mam‘ gmYH$ lmoVmam‘(lmoVmAmoHo$ g‘j {H$ o OmZodmbo AmË‘mHo$ AÛ¡VHo$ àdMZ‘| a‘m hþdm) dŠVm~Z H$a ah OmVm h¡ AV… lw{VH$s ^{dî`dmUr à‘m{UH$ {gÕ hmo OmVr h¡ :""Cg na‘mË‘mH$mo EH$mH$s ahZm gwhm`m Zht AV… AmO ^r H$moB© EH$mH$sah Zht nmVm''

AV… ÐîQ>mH$s Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr ÑpîQ> am‘brbmHo$ ag‘| agm^mg n¡Xm H$aZodmbrhmoVr h¡. Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$s n[aU{V m Vmo Ho$db Aa{V‘| AWdm Vmo Ho$db lmoVma{V‘|n ©d{gV hmo OmVr h¡. Bg OJV²‘| EoH$mpÝVH$ AmË‘a‘U gå^d Zht.

ZmQ>H$ XoIVo g‘` ÐîQ>m Am¡a Ñí` Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`Ho$ ^mdHo$ Eogo {ZP©a~hZo Mm{h o {H$ {OgHo$ àdmh‘| h‘mar MoVZm‘| bJo Ho$db-Û¡V Am¡a Ho$db-AÛ¡V Ho$ gmao Yã~o Ywb Om | ñd §Ho$ AÛ¡V ñdê$n‘| ^ao {ZOmZÝXHo$ {gÝYw‘|Zm‘ê$nmË‘H$ Û¡VH$s AZoH$ na‘mZÝXê$n bhoa| na‘mË‘mZo àH$Q> H$s h¡. BgAm{YX¡{dH$ brbm‘| h‘mao ^rVa VmXmËå`-^md pIb nm o EVXW© Cn{ZfXm|ZoOmo nmR> h‘| n‹T>mZm Mmhm ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª VV² gË § g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘²A{g'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7) Bg‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ahñ` `hr h¡ {H$ {XIbm`r XoVrO‹S>-MoVZê$nm g¥pîQ> Am¡a Cg AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM K{ZîR> VmXmËå` h¡: g~ Hw$N> EoVXmË‘H$ h¡ dh AmË‘m h¡ Am¡a Vw‘ ^r dhr EoVXmË‘H$ hmo. ""Ah§~«÷mpñ‘'' H$s gmYZmH$m VmËn © ^r Ah§H$mamñnX OrdmË‘mHo$ Ho$db AÛ¡V‘| Zhmo H$a, OrdmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM ê$nJV dmñV{dH$ Û¡V hmoZona ^rVÎdJV ‘m¡{bH$ AÛ¡VHo$ à{VnmXZ‘| ahm hþdm h¡. brbmHo$ Ñí` Am¡a ÐîQ>m Ho$~rM EH$ gmYmaUrH$aU‘| Cn{ZfX²H$m VmËn © {Z{hV h¡.

AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ VÎd{MÝVZ‘| Xoe (Space) H$mb (Time) Ðì`(Matter) Am¡a D$Om© (Energy) Ho$ nañna gmnoj (Relative) hmoZoH$s YmaUmàñVwV hþ r h¡. BgH$s àm`… AVŠ © ì`m»`m àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢ {H$ ‘hmZd¡km{ZH$ AmB©ZñQ>mB©Z²Zo ^r Xoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho$ Û¡VH$mo nma‘m{W©H$ gË`(Absolutely Real) Z ‘mZ H$a Ho$db ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` (Relatively

Real) ñdrH$mam h¡.

gmnojVmdmXHo$ {gÕmÝV(Theory of Relativity)H$s, ‘oar Z‘« YmaUmHo$AZwgma, `h {dnarV ì`m»`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ BZ Mmam| nXmWm]Ho$ ñdê$n nañnagmnoj h¡; na CZH$s gÎmm g‘mZ hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ {H$g {Zanoj nma‘m{W©H$ gÎmmH$sAnojm BZ Mmam| nXmWm]H$mo gmnoj `m ì`mdhm[aH$ ‘mZZm? Bg àíZH$s Z VmoAmB©ÝñQ>mB©Z²Zo {MÝVm H$s Am¡a Cg {gÕmÝV‘| {H$gr nma‘m{W©H$ gÎmmH$s AnojmBÝh| Amno{jH$ H$hZm A{^àoV h¡. o Vmo nañnagmnoj h¢. EH$XyOogo Ada `m naZht. AV… nañna gmnoj Am¡a ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` o XmoZm| n`m© dmMr eãX Zhth¢.

ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` dñVwV… gË` Zht hmoVm Ho$db ì`dhmamon`moJr gÎmm hrCgH$s hmoVr h¡ nX}na {XIbm`r XoZodmbo Mb{MÌH$s Vah AWdm nÌ‘wÐm(currency note) Ho$ ‘yë`H$s Vah. {Og jU AnZr MoVZm‘| H$Vm© ^moŠVm `mÐîQ>m hmoZoH$s ñ’w$aUm g‘mßV hmo OmVr h¡ Cgr jUHo$ ~mX ì`mdhm[aH$ gmaoAd^mg ñ’w$[aV hmoZo ~§X hmo Om |Jo. ì`mdhm[aH$ gË` ~m{YV hmo OmVm h¡. H$Vm©ÐîQ>m `m ^moŠVm hmoZo H$s «mpÝVHo$ {Zd¥Îm hmoVo hr ewÕ MoVZmH$mo ‘wŠV ‘mZm OmVmh¡. Cg ‘wŠVmdñWm‘| ì`mdhm[aH$ gË`H$s ñ’w$aUm hmoVr Zht h¡. ~«÷kmZ àH$Q>hmoVo hr AWm©V² nma‘m{W©H$ gË`Ho$ gmjmËH$made, ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$‘VHo$ AZwgma, Xoe H$mb Ðì` Am{XHo$ Û¡V ~m{YV hmo OmVo h¢. O~{H$AmB©ZñQ>mB©Z²Ho$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma gmnoj gË`H$m H$^r ~mY Zht hmoVm h¡, Mmam|Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-D$Om© nma‘m{W©H$V`m gmnoj hmoVo h¢. gmnojVmdmXH$m {gÕmÝVXoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho$ Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m à{V^mg `m {‘Ï`m ì`dhma(Subjective) Zhr ‘mZVm h¡. BZ Xoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© H$s gÎmm {H$grOrdMoVZm `m B©ídaMoVZm H$s ñdßZmon‘ ‘m{`H$ H$ënZm Zht. Xoe H$mb Ðì`

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Am¡a D$Om© ‘|go àË oH$H$s gÎmm dmñV{dH$ (Objective) hmoZona ^r EH$XyOogo{Zanoj Z hmo gmnoj AWm©V² BVaoVa{Z ©a hmoVr h¢. BZ Mmam|Ho$ ñdê$n Eogo h¢ {H$Mmam|H$mo EH$XyOoH$s Anojm h¡. AmB©ZñQ>mB©Z² Vmo BVZm hr H$hZm MmhVm Wm.

BVaoVagmnojHo$ AmYmana Ðì`H$m D$Om©‘| ê$nmÝVaU eŠ` ~Zm. `hì`mdhm[aH$ gÎmmHo$ gmonmZm|na AmamohU H$a nma‘m{W©H$ gÎmmHo$ ñVana nmXÝ`mgO¡gr ~mV Zht. Š`m|{H$ gmnojVmdmXHo$ {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© XmoZm|hr gmnoj h¢. AV… `{X nma‘m{W©H$ hm| Vmo XmoZm| hr nma‘m{W©H$ h¢ Am¡aì`mdhm[aH$ hm| Vmo XmoZm| hr ì`mdhm[aH$ h¢. AV… ñWyb Ðì`m|Ho$ Û¡Vgo gyú‘D$Om©‘| AÛ¡VH$mo nmZoH$s H$Wm `hm§ Aàmg§{JH$ bJVr h¡.

Eogo gmnojVmdmXZo Xoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© ‘| ‘mZ {b o J o Ho$db-Û¡V`m Ho$dbmÛ¡V H$s gå^mdZmH$mo gd©Wm AVŠ © ~Zm {X`m h¡. Omo o Mmam| nXmW©{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoZona ^r EH$XyOoH$s Anojm aIZodmbo-EH$XyOona {Z ©a hm| Vmo `h{gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ o Mmam| hr nXmWm]Ho$ Û¡V {H$gr EH$ g‘pîQ> (Whole)Ho$Mma A§J h¢, nhbw h¢ m à{H«$`m (Parts, aspects or functions of a Single

system) h¢.

""Û¡ dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no : ‘yVª M¡d A‘yVª M, ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M,pñWV§ M `V² M, gV² M Ë § M.''(`Wmnyd©).

Cn{ZfX²Ûmam CnbjU e¡br‘| Xagm o J o {d{dY wJbm|H$s dmñV{dH$VmXoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© ‘| nhMmZr Om gH$Vr h¡. Ðì` ‘yV© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a D$Om©A‘yV©. Ðì`go D$Om©‘| Am¡a D$Om©go Ðì`‘| hmoVo ê$nmÝVaUH$mo ì`pîQ>ê$noU {ZhmaZonado ‘Ë © àVrV hmoVo h¢; naÝVw, g‘pîQ>ê$noU XoIo OmZona Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ Z VmoHw$N> CËnÝZ hmo ahm h¡ Am¡a Z Hw$N> ZîQ> hr hmo ahm h¡, Ho$db EH$ ê$n‘|go Xygaoê$n‘| n[adV©Z hmo ahm h¡. AWm©V² g‘pîQ>ê$noU g~ Hw$N> A‘¥V hr h¡. {Ì-Am`m‘r (Three Dimensional) ê$n pñWa Xoe‘| "pñWV' Am¡a yVgo {dî`H$sEH$ hr {Xem‘| MbZodmbo EH$-Am`m‘r (Mono Dimensional) ê$n gÄMmar

H$mb‘| "`V²'H$mo nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah Xoe H$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho${d{dY ì`pîQ>ê$nm|H$mo àË`jÛ¡VHo$ ê$noU OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a BZ Mmam|Ho$g‘pîQ>ê$nH$m Anamoj AÛ¡V ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$""gV² M Ë § M'' Ho$ wJbH$s dmñV{dH$VmH$m AñdrH$ma gmnojVmdmX‘| ^reŠ` Zht.

Hw$N> AmYw{ZH$ doXmÝV àdMZH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ nañnagmnoj hmoZogo hr XoeH$mb Ðì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho$ Û¡VH$mo nma‘m{W©H$ gË` Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. CZH$sYmaUmHo$ AZwgma Omo {Zanoj gË` hmo Cgo hr nma‘m{W©H$ gË` ‘mZm OmZmMm{h o. gË`H$s Eogr n[a^mfm hr XwamJ«hnyU© àVrV hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ BZH$sYmaUmHo$ AZwgma ~«÷ gmnoj dñVw hmo Zhr gH$Vm AV… {Zanoj ~«÷go A{V[aŠVg^r Hw$N> ‘m{`H$ `m AkmZmonm{YH$ à{V^mg `m A{dÚmH$pënV hmoZm Mm{h o.

A~ Cn{ZfX² O~ Eogm H$hVo h¢ {H$ ""gmo AH$m‘`V ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm oB{V'' (`Wmnyd©)V~ BZ {dMmaH$m|H$mo bJVm h¡ {H$ nma‘m{W©H$ ~«÷H$s VahH$moB© EH$ ‘m{`H$ ~«÷ ^r hmoZm Mm{h o, {Ogo ~hþ dZH$s H$m‘ZmH$s hmo gH$Vrh¡ Bg ~«÷H$mo "‘m`me~{bV' H$hm OmVm h¡. ~«÷Ho$ nma‘m{W©H$ AÛ¡V‘| `m|‘m{`H$ Û¡VH$s H$ënZm àñVwV H$s OmVr h¡. Cn{ZfXm|‘| ^r Eogm EH$ dMZ{‘bVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ : ""Añ‘mX² ‘m`r g¥OVo {díd‘² EVV²'' (ídoVm.Cn.4&9).Bg dMZHo$ AmYmana BZ {dÛmZm|H$s YmaUm Am¡a A{YH$ ~Õ‘yb hmo OmVr h¡{H$ {Zanoj nma‘m{W©H$ ~«÷ Am¡a gmnoj ‘m`me~{bV ~«÷ AbJ-AbJ hmoZoMmqh`o.

Eogr ì`m»`m‘| gdm©{YH$ Amn{ÎmOZH$ VÏ` EH$ `h h¡ {H$ "‘m`r' eãXH$mAW© g§ñH¥$V^mfmHo$ ì`mH$aU{Z`‘Ho$ AZwgma "‘m{`H$' Zht hmoVm. {Og‘|‘m`mH$m gm‘Ï © hmo Cgo "‘m`r' H$hm OmVm h¡. ‘m`mH$pënV `m ‘m`mÛmam^m{gV nXmW©H$mo "‘m`r' H$hZm gwg§JV Zht bJVm.

""Añ‘mX² ‘m`r g¥OVo {díd‘² EVV²&

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Vpñ‘Z² M AÝ`mo ‘m``m g§{ZéÕ…&&‘m`mÝVw àH¥$qV {dÚmX² ‘m{`ZÝVw ‘hoída‘²&Vñ` Ad`d yV¡ñVw ì`mßV§ gd©‘² BX§ OJV²&&''

(ídoVm.Cn.4&9-10).

A{dH$bê$noU `h dMZ `m| h¡. `hm§ "Añ‘mX²' nXHo$ AZoH$ A{^àm`H$ho-gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢. {H$gr ^r Vah naÝVw {Og ‘m`rH$mo "{dídòï>m' H$hmJ`m h¡ dh ñd § ‘m`m‘| gpÝZéÕ `m e~{bV hmo Zht gH$Vm. ‘m`mH$mo Bg{dídH$s "àH¥${V' `m "CnmXmZ' H$hZm Am¡a ‘m`r ‘hoídaH$mo "òï>m' `m "H$Vm©'H$hZm Am¡a Cggo {^ÝZ {H$grH$mo ‘m`m‘| "gpÝZéÕ' H$hZm, o gmar ~mV| ñd §‘|BgH$m à‘mU ~Z OmVr h¢ {H$ ‘hoída ‘m`mH$m {Z`m‘H$ `m à`moŠVm h¡, {Z`å``m à wŠV Zht. Cg ‘hoídaHo$ Ad`dm|go OJV² ì`mßV h¡, Eogm à{VnmXZ ^r‘m`rHo$ A‘m{`H$ hmoZoH$m à‘mU OmZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ dh CgHo$ An[apÀN>ÝZhmoZoHo$ VÏ`H$mo nwï> H$aVm h¡.

"‘m`m' eãXH$m AW© àH¥${V {H$`m J`m h¡. AV… `h ñWyb-ì`ŠVOJV²H$s gyú‘-Aì`ŠV AdñWm hmoZr Mm{h`o. AWdm na‘mË‘mHo$ AñWyb~rOê$n AÛ¡V‘| nÌ-nwîn-’$bmon‘ Û¡VH$s hr gyú‘ gå^mdZm|H$mo "àH¥${V' H$hmOm gH$Vm h¡. àH¥${VH$mo na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ ‘mZ| `m A{^ÝZ ‘mZ|, {H$gr ^rg§ moJ‘| àH¥${VHo$ ~§YZgo ‘m`r na‘mË‘m ñd § ~§YVm Zht h¡. d¡go na‘mË‘m ñd §‘hoída hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| Vmo ~§YVm Zht h¡ na OrdmË‘ê$noU ~§Y ^r OmVm h¡. EogrpñW{V‘| g¥pîQ>Ho$ òï>mH$mo "‘m`me~{bV' H¡$gm H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡?

CëboIZr` hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfX² ^JdX²JrVm ^mJdVnwamU Am¡a ~«÷gyÌm| Ho$g‘pÝdVàm‘mÊ`Ho$ AZwgma OJV²H$m CnmXmZ na‘mË‘mgo Aì`{V[aŠV àH¥${VHo$ê$n‘| hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡ :

""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘² A{g.''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7).

"" y{‘… Amnmo AZbmo dm w… I§ ‘Zmo ~w{Õaod M&Ah§H$ma BVr § ‘o {^ÝZm àH¥${V… AîQ>Ym&&Anam B`‘² BVñVw AÝ`m§ àH¥$qV {d{Õ ‘o nam‘²&Ord yVm§ ‘hm~mhmo ``m BX§ Ym ©Vo OJV²&&''

(^J.JrVm.7&4-5). ""Ðì § H$‘© M H$mb… M ñd^mdmo OrdEd M&dmgwXodmV² namo ~«÷Z² ZM AÝ`mo AWm} ApñV VÎdV…&&''

(^mJ.nwam.2&5&14). ""àH¥${V… M à{VkmÑï>mÝVmZwnamoYmV², A{^Ü`monXoemV²M... AmË‘H¥$Vo… n[aUm‘mV², `mo{ZíM {h Jr`Vo.''(~«.gy.1&4&23-27).

^mJdVHo$ íbmoH$‘| Ðì` (Matter) H$‘© (Kinetic Energy) ñd^md(Static Energy) H$mb (Time) Ord (Consciousness) BZ nm§Mm|H$mo na~«÷dmgwXodgo VÎdV… A{^ÝZ {JZm`m J`m h¡. AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZgå‘V Xoe H$mbÐì` Am¡a D$Om© Ho$ dJuH$aUgo Bg dJuH$aU‘| Hw$N> VmaVå` {XIbm`r XoVm h¡;naÝVw, Omo Wmo‹S>r Jå^raVmHo$ gmW AdbmoH$Z H$aZona `h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$^mJdVH$maHo$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma Ðì` Am¡a Xoe AbJ-AbJ nXmW© Zht Š`m|{H$BÝh| A{V[aŠV ‘mZZo‘| EH$ Ðì` Am¡a Xygam CgH$m A^md Eogm AmH$me EogmÛ¡VdmXr nydm©J«h H$m‘ H$a ahm h¡. ^mJdVH$ma Am¡a JrVmH$ma XmoZm|Ho$ AZwgmaÐì`mpË‘H$m àH¥${V‘| n¥Ïdr Ob VoO dm w AmH$me ‘Z ~w{Õ Ah§H$ma n[aJ{UVh¢. `hm§ AmH$meHo$ ê$n‘| Xoe (Space) H$m g‘mdoe H$a {b`m J`m h¡. AV…AnZo Xe©ZH$s n[a^mfm‘| {Ogo "Ðì`' H$hm J`m h¡ dh AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZgå‘VMatter Am¡a Space XmoZm|H$m g§J«mhH$ h¡.

{dkmZgå‘V EZ{O© `m D$Om© Ho$ ñWmZna ^mJdVmoŠV 1H$‘© (Kinetic

Energy) Am¡a 2ñd^md (Static Energ y) H$mo D$Om©*Ho$ ê$n‘| {JZm Om gH$Vm h¡.

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H$mb (Time) Vmo {dkmZ Am¡a ^mJdV XmoZm| gy{MAm|‘| AmZodmbm g‘mZnXmW© h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ OrdHo$ ApñVËdH$s g‘ñ`m h¡ Bg ~m~V‘| AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ A^rVH$ ‘m¡ZgodZ H$aVm h¡. EVmdVm {H$VZo hr AYra {dMmaH$ BgH$m AW© Eogm{ZH$mb boVo h¢ {H$ MoVZmH$mo A{V[aŠV nXmW© ‘mZZm Ad¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡.CgH$s n¥ð> y{‘‘| aho, naÝVw, amoMH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ`m|na Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$bJVm h¡.

A^maVr` Y‘m]‘| AmË‘m (Soul) H$m ApñVËd Ho$db ‘Zwî`ê$n àmUr‘| hrñdrH$mam J`m h¡. dZñn{V d¥j H$sQ> gn© ‘Ëñ` H$ÀN>n new njr O¡go àm{UAmo‘|Zht. Bg oXHo$ do gmV hoVw {JZmVoh¢ {H$ {OZ hoVwAm|Ho$ AmYmana ‘Zwî`H$sn[a^mfm hr AbJ K‹S>r J`r h¡:

*boImoÎma{Q>ßnUr : `hm§ `h AdYo hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ñQ>r’o$Z² hm°qH$J²n[aJUZmgm¡{dÜ`Ho$ hoVw Mma VahH$s 1JwéËdmH${f©H$m D$Om© 2{dÚwÀMwå~H$s`D$Om© 3‘ÝX Zm{^H$s` D$Om© Am¡a 4à~b Zm{^H$s` D$Om©Am|H$s Omo CËàojm H$aVoh¢ dh A{YH$ O{Q>b VWm JhZ {díbofU na AmY¥V h¡. CZH$m, naÝVw,`WmH$WpÄMV² AÝV^m©d BÝht Xmo, ZmåZm, H$‘© Am¡a ñd^md ê$nr gm‘mÝ`D$Om©‘| gmoM boZm ^mJdVr` Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ ~moYmW© Cn wŠV hmoJm.Jmo.í`m.‘.

(1)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr VH©$epŠVerb àmUr h¡. Only man is descursive animal.

(2)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr `ÝÌepŠVdmZ² àmUr h¡. Only man is technological animal.

(3)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr amOZ¡{VH$ àmUr h¡. Only man is political animal.

(4)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr gm§ñH¥${VH$ àmUr h¡. ‹Only man is cultural animal.

(5)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr Ym{‘©H$ àmUr h¡. Only man is religious animal.

(6)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr Zr{V‘mZ àmUr h¡. Only man is ethical animal.

(7)Ho$db ‘Zwî` hr gm¢X`m©Zw y{Verb àmUr h¡. Only man is esthetic animal.

‘Zwî`mH$ma àmUrH$s Bg {d{eîQ>Vm CgHo$ Xoh‘| ahr AmË‘mHo$ H$maU h¡,Eogm `hþXr-B©gmB©-‘wpñb‘ Y‘m]H$m H$hZm h¡. AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo naÝVw EogrYmaUmH$mo A~ {ZañV H$a {X`m h¡. `h {d{eîQ>Vm ñWyb ê$n‘| ‘Zwî`mH$maàmUr‘| CnbãY hmoZona ^r gyú‘ ê$n‘| ‘Zwî oVa àm{UAm|‘| ^r hmoVr hr h¡.VXwnam§V AmO Vmo AZÝV ~«÷mÊS>‘| hOmam| Z ghr na g|H$‹S>m| J«hbmoH$ Eogo hmogH$Vo h¢ {H$ {OZ bmoH$m|‘| n¥ÏdrH$s Anojm A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ AWdm n¥ÏdrHo$g‘mZ ~w{Õ‘mZ àmUr {dH${gV hþdo hm|Jo. AV… Bg {d{eîQ>Vmna ‘Zwî`mH$maàmUrH$m EH$m{YH$maH$s YmaUmH$mo AmO gd©Wm Ad¡km{ZH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡.‘Zwî`mH$ma àmUr‘| `h {d{eîQ>Vm bmIm| dfm]H$s {dH$mge¥§IbmH$s EH$ H$‹S>r‘mÌ h¡. {dH$mgdmXr {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma ‘mZdr` earaH$s g§aMZm‘| Am¡a‘mZdoVa àm{UAm|H$s earaH$s g§aMZm‘| {H$gr ^r VahH$m Eogm VmaVå` {gÕZht hmoVm.

^dZmon‘ gMoVZ earaH$s g§aMZm‘| BªQ>m|H$s Vah dmnao J o àmoQ>rZ Am¡aÝ`wŠbrBH²$ EgrS²> {dkmZH$s à`moJembm‘| n¡Xm {H$`o Om gH$Vo h¢. AmOgoH$amo‹S>m| df© nyd© gab EH$H$mofr` AUwH$m {dH$mg {Og à{H«$`mHo$ de hþdmCgH$m H¥${Ì‘ nwZamdV©Z H$aHo$ {dkmZH$s à`moJembm‘| AmO CZH$m {Z‘m©Ug§ d h¡. hmBS´>moOZ² nmZr E‘mo{Z`m {‘WoZ Am¡a hmBS´>moOZ² gë’$mBS²> Ho$ Kmob‘| goAëQ´>mdm`moboQ²> {H$aUm|H$mo ngmaZona `h M‘ËH$ma {gÕ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

`Ú{n BªQ> ~ZmZodmbo ‘µOXyaH$mo ^dZ{Z‘m©UH$m VH$ZrH$s H$m¡eb Z ^ràmßV hmo, Cgr Vah Bg àmoQ>rZ² Am¡a Ý yŠbrBH²$ E{gS²> Ho$ {Z‘m©VmH$mo A^r VH$‘mZdr` emar[aH$ g§aMZmH$s VH$ZrH$ àmßV Z hþ r hmo dh Vmo ñnï> ~mV h¡.

429 430

{’$a^r Omo Hw$N> ahñ`ê$n ah J`m h¡ dh BZ BªQ>m|go ^dZg§aMZmHo$ H$m¡ebgogå~pÝYV H$marJarH$s ~mV h¡, ^dZ ñd § {H$Z VÎdm|go ~Zm h¡ Cg ~mao‘| Zht

BZ BªQ>m|H$s O{Q>b g§aMZm‘| bmIm| Zht ~pëH$ H$amo‹S>m| df© bJo h¢. BVZrb§~r Ad{Y‘| O{Q>bgo O{Q>bVa Am¡a O{Q>bV‘ ~ZVr Eogr g§aMZmH$mo Xmo `mXg dfm]‘| {dH${gV H$a {XImZm eŠ` Zht; naÝVw, EVmdVm Bg ‘mZdXohH$sO{Q>bV‘ g§aMZm‘| à wŠV BªQ>m|H$s nhMmZH$mo H$moB© H¡$go PwR>bm gH$Vm h¡?A‘o[aH$mHo$ ‘hmZ² d¡km{ZH$ H$mb©² goJmZ² H$hVo h¢ {H$ {dH$mgH$m {gÕmÝV A~dmX hmoZoH$s H$jmgo AmJo ~‹T> H$a VÏ`Ho$ qghmgZna AmgrZ hmo J`m h¡""Evolution is fact, not a theory.'' (Cosmos p.27) BgH$m ñnîQ> à‘mUAmO XoIm gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd{Z{‘©V H$åß`wQ>a² ‘mZdH$s ~w{Õgo A{YH$à^mdembr ar{Vgo VH©$ H$aZo‘| gj‘ ~ZVm Om ahm h¡ EVmdVm H$åß wQ>a²‘|AmË‘mHo$ ApñVËdH$s H$ënZm H$s Zht Om gH$Vr. B{Vhmg Jdmhr XoVm h¡ {H$VH©$epŠV, `ÝÌ{dkmZ, amOZr{V, g§ñH¥${V, Y‘©, Zr{V `m gm¢X`m©Zw y{V Am{XJwU n¥ÏdrHo$ àË oH$ àXoe‘|, àË oH$ H$mb‘|, àË oH$ ‘mZd-g‘wXm`‘| EH$ O¡go,EH$ hr AZwnmV‘| {dH${gV hþdo hm| Eogm Ñ{ï>JV Zht hmoVm. V~ Š`m Eogo ‘mZboZm {H$ Xoh‘| ahr AmË‘mH$m n[a‘mU AbJ-AbJ hm|Jo?

Eogo wpŠVdmXm|go Ho$db ‘Zwî`mH$madmbo àmUrHo$ Xoh‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahZodmbrnmíMmË` Y‘©gå‘V AmË‘mHo$ ñdê$n `m ApñVËd H$m IÊS>Z hmoVm ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. h‘mao `hm§ Vmo Bg ~mao‘| gd©Wm {dbjU {dMmagaUr hr Wr. h‘marAmË‘{df`H$ {dMmagaUrH$m IÊS>Z {dkmZZo A^r VH$ Vmo {H$`m Zht h¡; Am¡aZ ^{dî`‘| H$a nm oJm Eogr gå^mdZm hr à~b bJVr h¡.

h‘mao Y‘©‘| AmË‘mHo$ ApñVËdHo$ qbJ AnZr VH©$epŠV, VÝÌepŠV,amOZr{V, g§ñH¥${V, Y‘©, Zr{V `m gm¢X`m©Zw y{V Ho$ AmYmana {ZYm©[aV Zht {H$ oJ o h¢, Š`m|{H$ o gmar epŠV Xohgo gå~ÝY aIZodmbr h¢. h‘mao hm§ AmË‘MoVZm‘|‘Z ~w{Õ Ah§H$ma {MÎm àmU kmZopÝÐ` H$‘}pÝÐ` Am{X àË`oH$ gm‘Ï`©H$mo~mh² mamo{nV ‘mZm J`m h¡. CXmhaUV`m O¡go {dÚwV² (Electricity) ‘| eãX `mÜd{Z H$mo A{^ì`ŠV `m J«hU H$aZo H$s ñd §H$s gm‘Ï © Z hmoZona ^r ñnrH$a

`m ‘mBH$ ê$nr gmYZm|go dh Am¡nm{YH$ gm‘Ï © Am nmVr h¡, Cgr Vah MoVZ‘|^r eãXmoÀMmaUH$s gm‘Ï © `m eãXldUH$s gm‘Ï © AnZr Zht hmoVr naÝVwdm{JpÝÐ` Am¡a H$U}pÝÐ` H$s Cnm{YAm|Ho$ de MoVZm eãXmoÀMmaU `m eãXJ«hUHo$ hoVw g‘W© ~Z OmVr h¡.

gmao XohH$mo nhbo EH$ K{‹S>`mbH$s Vah ~Zm H$a ~mX‘| O¡go ~oQ>ar `m gobaIo OmZona dh MbZo bJVr h¡ AWdm Q>onaoH$m°S©>a²‘| ~oQ>ar aIZogo O¡go dh ~OZobJVm h¡ d¡go Xoh‘| AmË‘m aIZona dh MbZo bJ OmVm hmo Eogm AnZo Cn{ZfXm|‘|‘mZm Zht J`m h¡. Xoh‘| AmË‘mHo$ AmJ‘ZH$m EH$ `kHo$ ê$n‘| ~hmoV amoMH$dU©Z Cn{ZfX²‘| {X`m J`m h¡ :

""1.`h bmoH$ EH$ Ap½Z h¡, Cg‘| gy © g{‘Ym O¡gmhmoVm h¡. gy ©H$s {H$aU| Cg g{‘Ym‘|go {ZH$bVo Yw§EH$s O¡grh¢. {XZH$m àH$me Cg Ap½ZH$s M‘H$ h¡. MÝБmH$m àH$meCg Ap½ZHo$ A§Jmao O¡gm h¡, ZjÌ CgHo$ {MZJmarHo$ O¡gohmoVo h¢. Bg Ap½Z‘| XodVm nmZrH$s Amhþ{V XoVo h¢ BgHo$ H$maUgmo‘ VÎdH$s CËn{Îm hmoVr h¡.

2.Cg gmo‘H$s Amhþ{V ‘oK ê$nr Ap½Z‘| Xr OmVrh¡. dm w ‘oKH$s g{‘Ym O¡gr hmoVr h¡, ~Ôb Yy‘H$s VahhmoVo h¢. M‘H$Vr {~Obr Bg Yy‘ê$nr Ap½ZH$s Ádmbm h¢.ZrMo {JaVr {~Obr Cg Ap½ZHo$ A§Jmao O¡gr hmoVr h¡.‘oKJO©Zm Bg ‘oKê$nr Ap½ZH$s {MZJmar O¡go hmoVo h¢. Bg‘|gmo‘H$s Amhþ{V XoZogo dfm© CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡.

3.Bg dfm©H$s Amhþ{V n¥Ïdrê$nr Ap½Z‘| Xr OmVrh¡. Cg n¥Ïdrê$nr Ap½ZH$s g{‘YmHo$ O¡gm EH$ g§dËga hmoVmh¡. Bg n¥Ïdrê$nr Ap½ZH$m Yw§Am Bg AmH$meH$mo g‘P bmo,am{Ì CgH$s Ádmbm h¡, {Xem | A§Jmam|H$s O¡gr hmoVr h¢. Bgn¥Ïdrê$nr Ap½Z‘| dfm©H$s Amhþ{V XoZogo AÝZ CËnÝZ hmoVmh¡.

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4.AÝZH$s Amhþ{V nwéfê$nr Ap½Z‘| Xr OmVr h¡.nwéfê$n Ap½ZH$s g{‘Ym dmUr h¡, àmU YwAm§ h¡, Or^nwéfê$nr Ap½ZH$s Ádmbm h¡, CgHo$ ZoÌ A§Jmao h¢. ldUopÝÐ`{MZJmar. Bg nwéfê$nr Ap½Z‘| AÝZH$s Amhþ{V XoZogo dr ©CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡.

5.dr`©H$s Amhþ{V ñÌrê$nr Ap½Z‘| Xr OmVr h¡.ñÌrê$nr Ap½Z‘| OZZopÝÐ` (CnñW) g{‘Ym O¡gr hmoVr h¡,e¥§Jm[aH$ g§Ho$V Yw§E O¡go hmoVo h¢. `mo{Z Ádmbm O¡gr hmoVr h¡,gå^moJ A§Jmam|Ho$ O¡go hmoVo h¢, Bg‘| {‘bVm gwI {MZJmarO¡gm hmoVm h¡. Bg ñÌrê$nr Ap½Z‘| dr ©H$s Amhþ{V XoZogoAWm©V² nm§M‘r Amhþ{VHo$ H$maU ‘yb ObVÎd nwéfmH$maV`màH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

dh nwéf J ©‘| XgoH$ ‘mg ah H$a ~mha AmVm h¡.~mX‘| AnZr Am wî`Ho$ AZwê$n OrVm h¡. ‘aZoHo$ ~mX dh{OZ-{OZ nm§M Ap½ZAmo‘|go ngma hmo H$a Am`m CÝht‘| gongma hmo H$a nwZ… bm¡Q> OmVm h¡.''

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.5&3-9)

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ h‘mam AmË‘m nmZr ~aIm AÝZ dr © Am¡a J © EogrAZoH$ AZoH$ AdñWmAmo‘|go ngma hmo H$a OZ‘Vm h¡. AV… AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$sà`moJembm‘| hmB©S´>moOZ² nmZr E‘mo{Z`m {‘WoZ Am¡a hmBS´>moOZ² gë’$mB©S²> Ho$ Kmob‘|AëQ´>mdm`moboQ²>H$s {H$aUm|H$mo ngma H$admZogo MoVZm gyú‘ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmo OmVrhmo Vmo hmo Om o Cn{ZfX²H$s à{H«$`mH$m Bg‘| àË`m»`mZ H$hm± hþdm? Bg MoVZm‘|VH©$epŠV VÝÌepŠV amOZr{V g§ñH¥${V Y‘© Zr{V `m gm¢X`m©Zw y{V H$s gm‘Ï ©Z hmo Vmo h‘| Bg‘| Amn{ÎmOZH$ Hw$N> ^r bJZm Vmo Zht Mm{h o. AWdm Vmo‘mZd{Z{‘©V H$åß wQ>a²‘| ‘mZdgo A{YH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ gm‘Ï © VH©$epŠV pIbm H$ag§JUH$ d¡km{ZH$ {XIbmVo hm| Vmo Cg H$åß wQ>a²‘| AmË‘mHo$ ApñVËdH$mo ñdrH$maZoH$s~mÜ`Vm Amdí`H$ h‘o Zht bJZr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ AmË‘mHo$ Eogo ñWyb bjUh‘Zo H$^r K‹S>ohr Z Wo.

AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$s {d{dY emIm (Soul) H$mo IV‘ H$a XoZoH$m ~m¡{ÕH$CÚ‘ h¡. na AmË‘m Vmo AOa-A‘a h¡ Am¡a ahoJr. {dkmZH$s à`moJembm‘|àmoQ>rZ² `m Ý wŠbrBH²$ E{gS²> Ho$ AUwHo$ {Z‘m©Ugo h‘mar AmË‘mH$m à{VñnYuOrdmUw n¡Xm Zht hmoVm h¡. dh Vmo ewÕ MoVZmê$n h¡ Am¡a gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ h¡. dhVmo nmZr‘| ~Ôbm|‘| ~agmX‘| AÝZ‘| Am¡a àË oH$ àmUr‘| dZñn{V d¥j H$sQ> gn©‘Ëñ` H$ÀN>n new njr `m ‘Zwî` gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ h¡. dh Vmo H$ht ^r àH$Q> hmogH$Vr h¡. hmB©S´>moµOZ² Am{X VÎdm|Ho$ Ðdm|H$mo ñQ>abmB©µO² H$a XoZogo OrdmUw ‘a OmVohm|Jo; naÝVw, OrdmË‘m ‘aVm Zht. ^JdX²JrVm‘| H$hm J`m h¡ : ""AN>oÚmo A`‘²AXmh²`mo A`‘² AŠboÚmo A`‘² Aemoî`Ed M {ZË`… gd©JV…''(^J.JrVm.2&24) OrdmË‘mH$mo {H$gr nm{W©d h{W`mago H$mQ>m Zht Om gH$Vm,Am½Zo CnH$aUgo Obm`m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡, Z Obr` Cnm`m|go q^Om`m Am¡adm`dr` Cnm`m|go gwIm`m hr Om gH$Vm h¡. dh Vmo {ZË` Am¡a gd©JV h¡, gd©Ì{dÚ‘mZ h¡.

Omo {ZË` h¡ dh Z Vmo ‘a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z OZ‘ gH$Vm h¡, {’$a^r H$^rdh àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡ Vmo H$^r {Vamo{hV ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. AVEd {dkmZH$sà`moJembm‘| ^r dh MoVZm àH$Q> hmo Vmo H$moB© AZhmoZr Zht hmo OmVr. J ©‘|go~mbH$ àH$Q> hmoVm hr Vmo h¡, ZyVZ nXmW©Ho$ ê$n‘| n¡Xm Wmo‹S>r hmoVm h¡.

‘Zwî`H$s VH©$epŠV `m Zr{V‘Îmm Am{X JwUm|H$m O¡gm ñdê$n AmOHo$‘Zmo{dkmZ, g‘mO{dkmZ, Z¥VÎd{dkmZ, eara{dkmZ, agm`Z{dkmZ, m¡{VH${dkmZ`m Á`mo{V{d©kmZ Ho$ AmYmana {gÕ hmo ahm h¡, dh ñd § BgH$s Jdmhr XoVo h¢{H$ O‹S> Am¡a MoVZ Ho$ ~rM A{VÛ¡V `m A{V-AÛ¡V H$m Bg g¥pîQ>‘| H$ht ^rñWmZ Zht h¡, Ho$db EH$ EH$ hR>dmXr Xme©{ZH$H$s ~w{ÕHo$ ñWmZHo$ AndmXH$moN>mo‹S> H$a

Cn{ZfXm|H$s agÑpîQ>H$s h ‘hÎmm h¡ {H$ AmË‘MoVZm g‘pîQ>ê$noU gd©ì`mnrAm¡a ì`pîQ>ê$noU na‘mUwê$n {damoYr Y‘m]go wŠV ‘mZr J`r h¡. AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZO¡go àH$meH$mo {H$aU Am¡a Va§J `m| C^`ê$noU ñdrH$maVm h¡. Cgr Vah ^JdmZ²ZoJrVm‘| AmË‘MoVZm‘| aho Bg VahHo$ XmoZm| JwUm|H$mo ñdrH$mam h¡ :

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""{ZË`… gd©JV… ñWmUw… AMbmo A § gZmVZ…&''""‘‘¡d A§emo OrdbmoHo$ Ord yV… gZmVZ…& ‘Z…fîR>m{Z BpÝÐ`m{U àH¥${VñWm{Z H$f©{V&'' eara§ `X² AdmßZmo{V `ÀMm{n CËH«$m‘{V B©ída…& J¥hrËdm EVm{Z g§ m{V dm w… JÝYm{Zd Ame`mV²&&''

(^J.JrVm.2&39,15&7-8)

AWm©V² OrdmË‘m g‘pîQ>ê$noU gd©ì`mnr h¡ naÝVw ì`pîQ>ê$noU AUwn[aUm‘h¡. g‘pîQ>ê$noU dh AMb h¡, O~{H$ ì`pîQ>ê$noU EH$ Xoh‘|go, EH$ bmoH$‘|goXygao Xoh‘| AWdm Xygao bmoH$‘| g§Mma ^r H$a gH$Vr h¡. O¡go gd©Ì ì`mßV dm wAnZo Bg ì`mnH$ ê$n‘| nwînHo$ namJ `m gwJÝY H$m EH$ ñWmZgo Xygao ñWmZnadhZ Zht H$a nmVr naÝVw O~ Cg‘| H$moB© Pm|H$m `m bha CR>o Vmo dh nwînH$sgwJÝYH$s dm{hH$m ~Z nmVr h¡. AVEd Cn{ZfX² na‘mË‘mH$mo ì`pîQ>ê$noU AUwOrdmË‘mH$s VwbZm‘| AUr`mZ² na‘mUwê$n {JZmVm h¡. Am¡a g‘pîQ>ê$n gd©ì`mnr‘hmZ² M¡VÝ` H$s VwbZm‘| A{YH$ ‘hr`mZ² ‘hmì`mnr {JZmVm h¡. ~«÷ AnZrOrdmË‘mH$s ^rVa ahm AÝV`m©‘r na‘mË‘m h¡. àH¥${V‘m§ ì`mn ahm h¡ Am¡a nwéfH$s VwbZm‘| ‘hmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘ h¡.

H$mb H$‘© ñd^md Ðì` Am¡a Ord Ho$ nÄM{dY ê$n EH$ hr ~«÷H$s {Û{dYàH¥${V h¢ : 1.Anam àH¥${V 2.nam àH¥${V :

"" y{‘… Amnmo AZbmo dm w… I§ ‘Zmo ~w{Õaod M& Ah§H$ma B{V B § ‘o {^ÝZm àH¥${V… AîQ>Ym&& Anam B`‘² BVñVw AÝ`m§ àH¥$qV {d{Õ ‘o nam‘²& Ord yVm§ ‘hm~mhmo ``m BX§ Ym ©Vo OJV²&&''

(^J.JrVm.7&4-5)

EH$ hr na‘mË‘m‘| Anam àH¥${VHo$ {d{dY ê$n Am¡a nam àH¥${VHo$ {d{dYê$nm| Ho$ Û¡Vm|H$s gyú‘ gå^mdZm | ^ar ahVr h¢, O¡go EH$ hr ~rO‘| {H$gr d¥jHo${d{dY dU© AmH¥${V JÝY Am¡a ñdmX dmbo nÌ, nwîn Am¡a ’$bm| Ho$ Û¡VH$s gyú‘g§ mdZm | {dÚ‘mZ ahVr h¢. AVEd ^mJdV‘| H$ho ""Ðì § H$‘© M H$mb… Mñd^mdmo Ord Ed M'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&14) o Hw$N> ^r dmgwXod na‘mË‘mH$sVÎdÑpîQ>go XoI| Vmo {^ÝZ Zht hmoVo naÝVw {’$a^r ê$nÑ{ï>go {^ÝZ {XIbm`r XoVoh¢; Š`m|{H$ ñd § ~«÷ hr BZ AZoH${dY ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$a OJXmË‘Zm àH$Q> hþdmh¡ ""VX² AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). AV… o {d{dY ê$n Cgrna‘mË‘mH$s gwH¥${V=gwÝXa H¥${V h¡ ""Vñ‘mV² VËgwH¥$V‘² CÀ`Vo B{V''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). `hm§ Omo Hw$N> A{^ì`ŠV hþdm h¡ dh Cg na‘mË‘mH$s gwH¥${Vhr h¡ ""`X² d¡ VV² gwH¥$V‘²'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7) Š`m|{H$ na‘mË‘m agê$n h¡ AV…CgH$s àË oH$ H¥${V‘| EH$ {d{eîQ> ag A{^ì`ŠV hmoVm h¡ ""agmo d¡ g…''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). Bg agH$mo OmZo {~Zm Bg g¥pîQ>‘| AmZÝX {‘bZodmbm Zht""ag§ {h Ed A § bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). Bg g¥pîQ>‘|àË oH$ àmUr‘| ahZodmbr OrOr{dfm OrdZ OrZoH$s AXå` bmbgm Omo {XIbm`rXoVr h¡ dh Bg ~mVH$s Jdmhr XoVr h¡ {H$ AmH$me‘| ^ao dm w‘|go O~ h‘ EH$ídmg A§Xa boVo h¢ V~ h‘ Cg AmZÝXH$s Aì`ŠV agmZw y{V H$aVo hmoVo h¢.AÝ`Wm H$moB© {ZaW©H$ gm§g Š`m| boZm MmhVm? ""H$moh² od AÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mV²`Xof AmH$meo AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV²?'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7). dh ~«÷ hr gM‘wM‘|g~ àm{UAm|H$mo AmZpÝXV aIVm h¡ ""Ef h² od AmZÝX`m{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7).

`h Wr h‘mar AnZo Cn{ZfXm|H$s agÑpîQ>. {dkmZZo Bg agÑpîQ>H$m IÊS>Z{H$`m Zht h¡ Am¡a H$a ^r Zht nm oJm {dkmZHo$ {dH$mgHo$ gmW Bg agÑpîQ>H$m‘ÊS>Z hmoZodmbm h¡. `{X H$^r {dkmZ Bg agÑpîQ>H$m IÊS>Z H$aZoH$m gmhgH$aoJm Vmo dh {dkmZ V~ ‘mZdr` ~w{ÕH$mo gwhmVo gm§Mo‘| ñWybH$mo T>mbZoHo$CÚ‘go {daV hmo H$a Bg g¥pîQ>‘| Ho$db {dZmeH$mar gmYZm|H$s ImoO‘| OwQ>mZoH$sà{H«$`m‘| {dH¥$V ~Z Om oJm.

AV… h‘mao Xe©Z‘| ahr agÑpîQ>H$mo nm o {~Zm Omo h‘ {dkmZHo$ Am{dîH$mam|H$sMH$mMm|Y‘| A§Yo ~Z Om`|Jo Vmo h‘o AnZo ñd`§Ho$ {dZmeHo$ gmYZm|H$mo hr

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{dkmZHo$ Zm‘na OwQ>mZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>oJm. Amdí`H$Vm Vmo `hr h¡ {H$ O¡goh‘mao Xe©ZZo Y‘©Ûmam agÑpîQ> nm`r d¡go hr {dkmZH$mo ^r Cg agÑpîQ>H$mCÎmam{YH$ma h‘mao Xe©Zm|Ho$ Ûmam nmZm C{MV hmoJm. AV… A~ h‘ {dkmZHo$joÌ‘| agÑpîQ>Ho$ ‘hÎd Am¡a ñdê$nH$mo nhMmZZoH$m à`mg H$a|Jo.

::{dkmZ‘| h‘mar agÑpîQ>:: "kmZ' gm‘mÝ`kmZH$m dmMH$ eãX h¡. "kmZ' eãXHo$ AmJo "{d' CngJ©

Omo‹S>Zogo "{dkmZ' eãX ~ZVm h¡. "{d'CngJ©H$m AW© h¡ {d{eîQ>Vm. {d{eîQ>kmZ `m{Z {dkmZ.

{dkmZHo$ {df` ñWyb hm| `m gyú‘, do g^r hmoVo h¢ {d{eîQ> {df`. CZ-CZ {df`m|H$s {d{eîQ>Vm CZ-CZ {df`m|Ho$ loîR>Ëd `m A{YH$ àm‘m{UH$ hmoZoHo$A{^àm`de H$hr Zht Om ahr. EH$ gÀMo d¡km{ZH$H$m ‘mZg BVZm AmJ«ha{hVhmoZm hr Mm{h o {H$ CgZo ñd § {H$ o hþdo {ZarjU `m narjU Ho$ AmYana OmoHw$N> {gÕ hmoVm hmo dh gË` h¡ `m AgË`, Bg‘| AnZm {ga InmZoHo$ ~Om`ñd § {H$ o narjU m {ZarjU Ho$ {ZîH$f©H$s VQ>ñW àñVw{V H$ao. EH$ d¡km{ZH$Ho${b o `h à{H«$`m A{YH$ dm§N>Zr` hmoZr Mm{h o. {Og ‘mÝ`VmH$m narjU `m{ZarjU eŠ` Z hmo Eogr ‘mÝ`Vm‘| {dídmg aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX dh AnZr‘mÝ`VmHo$ d¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝV hmoZoH$m Xmdm H$a Zht gH$Vm. {H$gr EH$ {Xem‘|{H$ o J o {ZarjU `m narjU H$m EH$ {ZîH$f© {ZH$bm hmo naÝVw Xygar {Xemgo{H$ o J o Cgr {df`Ho$ {ZarjU `m narjU H$aZona nyd©{ZYm©[aV {ZîH$f©go XygamH$moB© {dnarV {ZîH$f© ^r {ZH$mbZona ñd §Ho$ {ZîH$f©H$mo {ÌH$mbm~m{YV gË`‘mZ boZoH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm EH$ gÀMo d¡km{ZH$H$s H$^r hmo Zht gH$Vr. AV…{d{eîQ> kmZH$m AW© BVZm hr h¡ {H$ H$moB© {ZpíMV EH$ ar{Vgo {H$ o J o{ZarjU `m narjU Ûmam {‘bVm EH$ {d{eîQ> {ZîH$f©H$mo "{dkmZ' H$hm OmVmh¡.

ñWyb‘| gyú‘H$mo OmZZoH$mo Xme©{ZH$ {dMma‘ÝWZgo Omo gÝXoh Am¡a àíZ‘mZdr` ~w{Õ‘| C^aVo h¢, CZ gÝXohm| Am¡a àíZm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ d¡km{ZH$ ~w{Õ‘ÝWZÛmamnmZoH$m à`mg {dkmZ h¡. àíZ Xe©Z CnñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ CÎma {dkmZ

XoVm h¡. AVEd Xe©Z àíZH$Vm© Vmo {dkmZ CÎmaXmVm hmo gH$Vm h¡. na EH$XyOoH$mogwZo {~Zm Omo XmoZm| AnZm-AnZm amJ AmbmnZo bJo Vmo ‘mZdr` ~w{ÕH$s g§gX²‘|g§dmX Am¡a {ddmX Ho$ ~Om` EH$ {Zam H$mobmhb hr gwZm`r XoZo bJoJm. Xe©ZAm¡a {dkmZ Ho$ ~rM {ddmX {N>‹S> OmZona H$moB© g§dmX Am¡a Cg g§dmX‘| nwZ…{H$gr àH$maH$m {ddmX MbVm aho Bg‘| H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV Zht hmoVr;naÝVw, XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM Agå^mfUH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm hmoZr XmoZm|Ho$ {b o hm{ZH$maH$ hmogH$Vr h¡. EH$XyOoH$s ‘`m©XmH$mo OmZo {~Zm `m ‘mÝ` H$ao {~Zm ~mobVo ahZoH$s‘Zmod¥{Îm ^r Adm§N>Zr` hmoVr h¡.

gË`mgË`Ho$ gm‘mÝ` {ZîH$f©H$mo {ZH$mbZogo nhbo Xe©ZH$mo {dkmZÛmam{H$ o J o {deof {df`m|Ho$ {ZarjU `m narjU Ho$ {d{eîQ> {ZîH$fm]Ho$ VÏ`Ü`mZ‘| aIZo Mm{h`o. Bgr Vah {dkmZH$mo ^r AnZo {d{eîQ> {ZîH$fm]H$sg’$bVmgo BVZm A{YH$ ’y$bZm Zht Mm{h`o {H$ ‘Zwî`H$s ~w{ÕHo$ gm‘Zogm‘mÝ` àíZ Š`m-H¡$go CnpñWV h¢.

d¡km{ZH$ {ZarjU Am¡a narjU ‘| g§íbofU Am¡a {díbofU H$s à{H«$`mAnZmZoHo$ H$maU Hw$N> Omo‹S>-Vmo‹S> MbVr ahZr Mm{h o. {Og EH$H$H$m {ZarjU`m narjU A{^àoV hmo dh Omo ñWyb g‘pîQ> hmo Vmo CgHo$ KQ>H$ gyú‘ì`pîQ>Am|H$m kmZ Cg EH$H$Ho$ {díbofU {~Zm eŠ` Zht hmoVm. Cgo Vmo‹S> H$aXoIo {~Zm H$moB© Mmam Zht ah OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah {Og d¡km{ZH$ {ZarjU `mnarjU H$s {df`r yV EH$H$ ñWyb ì`pîQ> hmo Vmo dh {H$g gyú‘ g‘pîQ>H$m ^mJ`m A§J h¡ `h OmZZoH$mo Cg EH$H$H$m g§íbofU ^r H$aZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$O~ VH$ EH$H$H$mo AÝ` {H$gr EH$H$Ho$ gmW Cgo Omo‹S> H$a XoIZoH$m H$m¡eb Zhmo Vmo kmZ {‘boJm Zht.

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ narjU hmo `m {ZarjU, {dkmZ‘| {díbofUmË‘H$VH©$nÕ{V Am¡a g§íbofUmË‘H$ VH©$nÕ{V XmoZm|H$s hr ‘hÎmm EH$ O¡gr hmoVr h¡.

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CXmhaUV`m ‘o{S>H$b² gmBÝg²Ho$ {dÚmWuH$mo earaaMZmH$m kmZ nmZoH$mo‘|T>H$H$m {dÀN>oXZ (dissection) H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡. H$maU hr hmoVm h¡ {H$ earaEH$ Eogm EH$H$ h¡ {H$ {Ogo ñWyb g‘pîQ> ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. earaHo$ gyú‘A§J-àË §J earaHo$ ^rVa hmoVo h¢. AV… earaH$s Mra’$m‹S> {H$ o {~Zm CgH$s^rVar aMZm OmZr Zht Om gH$Vr h¡. `wao{Z`‘²Ho$ AUwHo$ {dKQ>ZHo$ {~ZmAmU{dH$s D$Om© {‘b Zht gH$Vr. Š`m|{H$ wao{Z`‘Ho$ AUw BboŠQ´>m°Z² Ý wQ´>m°Z² Am¡aàmoQ>m°Z² Ho$ na‘mUwAm|H$s g‘pîQ> h¡.

‘o{S>H$b² gmBÝg²H$m {dÚmWu O~ {H$gr ‘|T>H$Ho$ earaHo$ {dÀN>oXZ `m{díbofU Ûmam CgHo$ A“-àË §JmoH$s aMZmH$mo g‘PZoH$m à`ËZ H$aVm hmo V~CgH$m bú` Bg VahH$m kmZ nmH$a AZoH$ amo{JAm|Ho$ A§J-àË §Jm|H$mo {ZH$mbH$a AWdm CnMma H$a Ho$ AWdm Z o àË`mamonU Ûmam CÝh| ñdñW ~ZmZoH$m hmoZmMm{h o. Eogm hoVw Z hmo Vmo {ZaW©H$ qhgm H«y$a AnamY h¡. Q´>oZ `m ‘moQ>a Ho$AH$ñ‘mV²‘| Km`b bmdm[ag Jar~Ho$ D$na Zm¡{gIwdo Ow{Z`a S>m°ŠQ>a²g² H$B© ‘V©~mgaH$mar hñnVmbm|‘| CgHo$ earaH$s Mra’$m‹S> H$aZoH$mo Qy>Q> n‹S>Vo h¢. kmZ nmZoH$sCZH$s yIH$mo {‘Q>mZoH$mo XygaoHo$ gmW ~aVr OmVr Eogr H«y$a N>bZm H$aZoH$s‘Zmod¥{Îm‘| agÑpîQ>H$m gd©Wm õmg àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡. `Ú{n ‘|T>H$Ho$ {dÀN>oXZ‘|^r Eogr hr H«y$aVm ahr h¡ BgH$m AñdrH$ma gå^d Zht. {’$a^r ag{Zîn{Îm‘|gmYmaUrH$aUH$s ‘hÎmm {H$VZr A{YH$ h¡ `h h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢. EH$ ‘|T>H$ IwXH$^r {H$VZm ^r yIm Š`m| Z hmo {H$gr Xygao ‘|T>H$H$mo ‘ma H$a Im Zht OmVm.`Ú{n dh ^r H$sQ>-nV§Jm|H$mo Vmo ImVm hr h¡. dh yIm Zht ahVm. àH¥${V‘| EH$‘|T>H$Ho$ ^rVa Xwgao ‘|T>H$Ho$ à{V gmYmaUrH$aUH$m ~moY BVZm Vmo ñdV…{gÕhmoVm h¡; naÝVw, ‘Zwî` Om{VHo$ àmUrZo Bg ñdV…{gÕ ~moYH$mo ñd §Ho$ H¥${Ì‘{dkmZHo$ de AmO X~m {X`m h¡. AV… ‘Zwî` ‘Zwî` Ho$ ~rM ahm gmYmaUrH$aUIV‘ gm hmo J`m h¡. EH$XyOogo n[a{MV hmo nmZoHo$ d¡km{ZH$ gmYZm|Ho$ àMwa{dH$mg hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX Z`m Hw$N> OmZ boZoH$s ^mJXm¡‹S>‘| agÑpîQ>Ho$ Hw$MbmOmZoH$s hH$sH$V Bg AH$ñ‘mV²Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hþ r h¡.

AnZm Xe©Z Vmo Bg OJV²Ho$ H$UH$UHo$ gmW agÑpîQ> {dH${gV H$aZoHo$à`moOZmW© gmYmaUrH$aUH$s àoaUm XoZm MmhVm h¡ ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷''

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1). Bg ~«÷ÑpîQ>H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm àmapå^H$ Xem‘| eŠ`Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU AnZm Y‘© AZoH${dY àm{UAm|H$mo AZoH${dY nyOZr`XodVmAm|Ho$ dmhZ AWdm AÝ` ^r {H$gr àH$maHo$ gå~ÝYmonXoeÛmam CZH$sqhgmgo h‘| {daV H$aZm MmhVm h¡. qgh Aå~mH$m dmhZ, ~¡b {edH$m dmhZ,‘yfH$ JUn{VH$m dmhZ, JéS> {dîUwH$m dmhZ, gn© ‘hmXodHo$ Am yfU, ‘ ya{nÀN>H¥$îUH$m Am yfU Am{X. XodnyOm AWdm d¡go à`moOZ Ho$ {~Zm {H$gr ^r d¥jHo$nÌ m nwîn H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo r ""Aënr`gr qhgm''(^mJ.gw~mo.3&29&15) ‘mZr J`rh¡.

‘Zwî oVa àm{UAm|‘| AmË‘m Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU CZH$m ^jU {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡ Bg‘| H$moB© H«y$aVm `m nmn Zht, Eogm {dYmZ h‘mao Y‘m]‘| Zht. àË oH$ àmUr‘|AmË‘m hmoVr h¡, AV… {H$gr ^r àmUrH$s qhgm ‘yb‘| h¡ Vmo nmn hr. d¡go gmWhr gmW `h ^r VÏ` AdYo h¡ {H$ àmUYmaU H$aZodmbo OrdZH$s g§aMZm‘| hrAÝ`moÝ`{Z ©a ^ú`-^jH$^md EH$ An[ahm © {Z`{VHo$ ê$n‘| H$m`m©pÝdV hþdmh¡. {’$a^r ~«÷Ñ{ï>de ú` Am¡a jH$ Ho$ ~rM aho AÛ¡VH$mo H$Xm{n ybZm ZhtMm{h o : ""AhñVm{Z ghñVmZm§ AnXm{Z MVwînXm§ ’$ëJy{Z VÌ ‘hVm§ OrdmoOrdñ` OrdZ§, V{XX§ ^JdmZ² amOZ² EH$ AmË‘m AmË‘Zm§ ñdÑH²$ AÝVamoAZÝVamo m{V ní` V§ ‘m``m CéYm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.1&14&46-47). AVEdV¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| ^r AÝZ Am¡a AÝZmX ‘| ~«÷Ñ{ï> `m A oXÑ{ï> H$m ‘hÎdà{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡ : ""AYr{h ^Jdmo ~«÷ B{V...AÝZ§ àmU§... B{V.`Vmo dm B‘m{Z ^yVm{Z Om`ÝVo `oZ OmVm{Z OrdpÝV `V² à`pÝVA{^g§{depÝV... VX² ~«÷ B{V. AÝZ§ ~«÷ B{V ì`OmZmV². AÝZmÕçodIbw B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo... àmUmo AÝZ§ eara‘² AZÝZmX‘²... Amnmo dmAÝZ‘² Á`mo{V… AÝZmX‘²... n¥{Wdr dm AÝZ‘² AmH$memo AÝZmX…... VXoVX²AÝZ‘² AÝZo à{V{ð>V‘²... Ah‘² AÝZ‘², AÝZ‘² AXÝV‘², ‘m‘² A{Ù''(V¡{Îm.Cn.3&1-6). VÎd`mWmÏ ©Ho$ ~mao‘| Cn{ZfXm{X emñÌm|H$s h EH$ {dbjUH$mbm{VJm{‘Zr Ñ{ï> h¡ {H$ `h g¥{ï> MH«$dV² Amd{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¡. {Og‘|‘ybVÎd AnZo-AmnH$mo CËnÝZ nm{bV Am¡a g§öV H$aVm ahVm h¡. AV…‘hmàb`H$mo ‘hm‘wË w AWdm ‘hmH$mbH$dbZ Ho$ ê$n‘| ^r XoIm J`m h¡ Am¡aZdg¥OZH$mo nwZ… AmË‘dÎmmHo$ àH$Q>rH$aUHo$ ê$n‘| : ""Z¡d Bh {H$ÄMZ AJ«o

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AmgrX² ‘¥Ë wZ¡d BX‘² Amd¥V‘² AmgrV². AeZm``m, AeZm`m {h ‘¥Ë w…, VX²‘Zmo AHw$éV "AmË‘Ýdr ñ`m‘²' B{V'' (~¥h.Cn.1&2&1).

AV… O¡go AmË‘¡Š`‘| Aa{Vde a‘UmW© {ÛVr`H$m‘Zm EH$ nma‘mpË‘H$sAmË‘mZÝXH$s Ñ{ï> h¡ d¡gr hr Xygar Ñ{ï> "AeZm`m'=‘¥Ë wH$mo ^r OrdZH$sg§aMZmHo$ ‘yb‘ÝÌ‘| {ZhmaZoH$s Ñ{ï> h¡. {’$a^r dh AeZm`m, Š`m|{H$ àH$Q> hþ rh¡, AeZmVrV AmË‘¡Š`‘| hr AV…, qhgmH$m A{VaoH$ AWdm AmË`pÝVH$sAqhgm XmoZm| OrdZ{damoYr Ñ{ï>H$moU h¢. AVEd Omo ñ‘¥{VH$ma H$hVo h¢ """Z‘m§g^jUo Xmofmo Z {ZÐm`m§ Z ‘¡WwZo àd¥{Îm… Efm yVmZm‘²'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.5&56) H$hVoh¢ dhr Eogm ^r H$hVo h¢ ""ñd‘m§g§ na‘m§goZ `mo dY©{`Vw‘² BÀN>{V AZä`À ©{nV¦Z² XodmZ² VVmo AÝ`mo ZmpñV AnwÊ`H¥$V²... ‘m§ g ImX{`Vm A‘wÌ `ñ` ‘m§g‘²Bh A{Ù Ah‘² EVX² ‘m§gñ` ‘m§gËd§ àdXpÝV ‘Zr{fU…'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.5&52,55).gd©àW‘ ñ‘¥{VH$ma `h H$hVo h¢ {H$ O¡go {ZÐm `m ‘¡WwZ O¡go Xoh{Zdm©hmW©ñdm^m{dH$ h¢, d¡go hr, ‘m§g^jU ^r ñdm^m{dH$ h¡, AV… ‘m§g^jU‘| XmofZht. dhr ñ‘¥{VH$ma Xygao dMZ‘| `h ^r H$hZm ybVo Zht h¢ {H$ {nV¥-XodmM©ZHo$ à`moOZHo$ {~Zm Ho$db AnZo ‘m§gHo$ A{^dY©ZmW© AWdm {Oôdmbm¡ë`de{OgH$m ‘m§g AmO Vw‘ Im aho hmo AmZodmbo H$mb‘| Vwåhmam ‘m§g Im oJm. "‘m§'-‘wPo + "g'-dh Im oJm AV… ‘m§gH$mo "‘m§g' H$hm OmVm h¡. Xygao àmUrH$moAnZm IwamH$ ~ZmZo‘| àH$Q> hmoVo ^ §H$a agHo$ gmYmaUrH$aUH$m hr `h CnXoeh¡. XygaoH$s ^ §H$aVm O¡go h‘mao OrdZH$mo H$éU ~Zm XoVr h¡, Eogo hr, h‘mar^ §H$aVm Xygam|Ho$ {b o ^r H$éU KQ>Zm hr hmoJr.

H$‘©e¥§IbmH$s H$‹S>rHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mZdoVa àm{UAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mZdXoh‘| OZ‘ZodmbmOrdmË‘m àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡ Eogm H$h H$a AnZm Y‘© g^r àm{UAm|Ho$ ~mao‘|h‘mao ^rVa gmYmaUrH$aUHo$ ^md OJmZm MmhVm h¡. Cgr Vah, AmYw{ZH${dkmZ Cg H$‘©‘ybH$ Mm¡amgr bmI `mo{ZHo$ MH«$H$s OJh S>m{d©ZHo$ {dH$mgdmXr{gÕmÝVHo$ AmYmana {dH$mg-e¥§IbmH$s EH$ H$‹S>rHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mZd Am¡a ‘mZdoVaàm{UAm| Ho$ ~rM gmYmaUrH$aUHo$ à`moOZH$mo {gÕ H$a gH$Vm Wm...

àmoQ>moßbmµÁ‘ `m A‘r~m go bo H$a ‘Zwî`mH$ma earaH$s O{Q>bV‘ g§aMZm‘|EH$ gyú‘ g‘pîQ>H$m AÛ¡V-gå~ÝY AdJV hmoZona ""Man is rational animal''

Am¡a ""Reason is the seat of soul'' ‘| ~hþàeñV "aoeZm{bQ>r' Am¡a "gmob'H$s Xw{dYm AmO ‘a {‘Q>r h¡. A~ Vmo AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$mo ^r "ZoMab~oboÝg'H$s ‘hÎmm Hw$N> g‘P‘| AmZo bJr h¡. na h‘mar Y‘©ÑpîQ> O¡gm gÝVwbZ~Zm o aIZo‘| g‘W© Wr, Cg ‘hÎmmH$mo nwZ… ñdrH$ma H$aZo‘| Wmo‹S>m g‘` d¡km{ZH$‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo bJoJm hr. H«$‘~Õ {dH$mge¥§Ibm‘| Ow‹S>Zodmbr EH$ H$‹S>rgo A{YH$AZw{MV ‘hÎdmH$m§jmHo$ de dmZa‘| AmË‘m Zht hmoVr naÝVw ñd §H$mo EH$‘mÌ~w{Õ‘mZ ‘mZ boZoH$s «‘UmHo$ de O~ Za‘| AmË‘mH$m hmoZm ñdrH$ma boVo h¢ V~EH$ AgmYmaU oXÑ{ï>H$s «mpÝVgo dmZa Zht àË wV Za hr {X½ «mÝV OmVm h¡AnZr VWmH${WV ~w{Õ‘ÎmmHo$ H$maU ‘mZd `m Za Zo n`m©daUH$mo {H$VZm àXy{fV{H$`m {H$ Cg‘| CgH$s ñWyb ~w{Õ‘ÎmmHo$ ^rVa ^ar gyú‘ ‘yI©Vm AmO CKm‹S>rn‹S> J`r h¡ Eogr ‘yI©Vm Z Vmo dmZa Z JYo Am¡a Z Cëbw hr H$a nm o CZH$s ñWyb~w{Õa{hVVm‘| EH$ ñd §gÄMm{bV gyú‘ ~w{Õ‘Îmm H$m‘ H$a ahr Wr

Bg XohH$s Mra’$m‹S> H$aZodmbo AmYw{ZH$ gO©Z=eë`{M{H$ËgH$H$mo Cg‘hmZ gO©H$ Ûmam Xoh‘| à{Vð>m{nV AmË‘m {‘bVr Zht AV… d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZAZmË‘dmXr hmoZm MmhVm h¡.

a{e`mZo O~ AdH$me‘| nhbm ñnwV{ZH$ `mZ CN>mbm V~ Cg‘| gdma`mÌrH$mo AdH$me‘| H$ht ^r na‘oída {XIbm`r Zht {X`m, AV… AmYw{ZH$~«÷mÊS>{dkmZHo$ AmYmana {H$VZo hr bmoJ AZrídadmXr {dMmaYmamH$mo A{^ZpÝXVH$aZm MmhVo h¢.

AnZr ‘mZd{Z{‘©V g§gX²‘| AZoH$ VahHo$ N>bH$nQ>go {Zdm©{MV ‘Zwî`m|H$snmQ>uHo$ AmXoeH$m AZwgaU H$aZodmbr ‘wÊS>JUZmH$s ar{V‘| d¡Ym{ZH$ gÀMo-Py§R>oH$m {ZYm©aU eŠ` h¡ AV… h‘Zo ‘mZ {b`m {H$ {~Zm dmoQ²>Ho$ {ZYm©[aV {H$ oOmZodmbo emñÌm|Ho$ AmXoem|Ûmam {ZYm©[aV nmnnwÊ`Ho$ oX ImoQ>o hr hm|Jo. AV…gÀMo-ImoQ>oHo$ {ZU© ‘| AmO {~ZYm{‘©H$ {dMmagaUrHo$ JwUJmZ A{YH$ Jm oOmVo h¢.

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emñÌm|Zo Bg g¥pîQ>H$mo nmÄM^m¡{VH$-n¥Ïdr Ob VoO dm w Am¡a AmH$me-{Z{‘©V ‘mZr h¡. agm`Z{dkmZZo ObHo$ EH$ ""Molecule ‘| H2O Ho$ ê$n‘|hmBS´>moOZ² Am¡a Am°pŠgOZ² Ho$ na‘mUw ImoO {ZH$mbo. V~ bmoJ emñÌH$mam|H$moAkmZr ‘mZZo bJo V~go agm`Z{dkmZHo$ d¡km{ZH$ OJV²Ho$ ‘yb VÎdm|H$s g§»`m80 nago 96 na; Am¡a, 96 nago ~‹T>mVo-~‹T>mVo 109 go ^r A{YH$ hmoZo Omahr Wr V~ ^m¡{VH${dkmZZo agm`Z{dkmZÛmam àMm[aV «mpÝV {ZañV H$a Xr.VWmH${WV ‘yb amgm`{ZH$ VÎdm|H$m ""(p+n)e'' Ho$ ê$n‘| àmoQ>moZ² Ý wQ´>moZ² Am¡aBboŠQ´>moZ² na‘mUwAmo‘| {d^mOZ `m {díbofU eŠ` ~Z J`m EVmdVm Š`mhmBS´>moOZ²H$s dmñV{dH$VmH$mo ZH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡? Zht. V~ Omo {H$VZo CËgmhremñÌm|‘| lÕma{hV bmoJ H$hZo bJo {H$ nmÄM^m¡{VH$ VÎd O¡gm Hw$N> ^r hmoVmZht h¡, Bgo Vmo Eogm wpŠVdmX H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ‘mZm| {H$gr {MÌH$bmH$m{díbofU CgHo$ a§Jm| Am¡a {MÌnQ> ‘| gå^d hmoZogo h‘ {MÌ O¡gr dmñV{dH$VmH$mohr ZH$maZo bJ Om | !

EH$ AUwê$n EH$H$H$m Hw$N> na‘mUwAm|‘| {díbofU hmo gH$Vm hmoZogo `{XCg AUwH$m ñdê$n AdmñV{dH$ hmo OmVm hmo Vmo {Ogo h‘Zo na‘mUw ‘mZm h¡CgH$m ^r CgH$s Anojm gyú‘V‘ na‘na‘mUwAm|‘| {d^mOZ eŠ` hmo hr gH$Vmh¡. ‘Zmo{dkmZH$m JoñQ>mëQ> Zm‘H$ {gÕmÝV h¡ {H$ EH$ dJm©H¥${VH$m Mma aoImAm|‘|{d^mOZ hmo gH$Vm hmoZogo dJm©H¥${V AdmñV{dH$ Zht ~Z OmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ CZaoImAm|H$m ^r nwZ… {~ÝXwAm|‘| {d^mOZ eŠ` hmoVm hr h¡. O¡go {H$gr nwñVH$H$mCgHo$ n¥ð>m|‘|, n¥ð>m|H$m AZwÀN>oXm|‘|, AZwÀN>oXm|H$m n§pŠVAm|‘|, n§pŠVAm|H$m dmŠ`m|‘|,dmŠ`m|H$m eãXm|‘|, eãXm|H$m Ajam|‘| Am¡a Ajam|H$m ñda Am¡a ì`§OZm| Ho$g§Ho$Vm|‘| {d^mOZ H$a XoZo `m CZ ñdag§Ho$Vm| `m ì §OZg§Ho$Vm| H$m ^r nwZ…ñ`mhrHo$ {~ÝXwAm|‘| {d^mOZ eŠ` hmoZogo, Bgr Vah ñ`mhrH$m r nwZ… amgm`{ZH${díbofU H$aZm hmo Vmo dh ^r eŠ` hmoVm hr h¡. Eogo {díbofUm|Ho$ H$maU Š`m{H$gr J«ÝWH$mo AdmñV{dH$ ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Š`m Eogo hr, gO©Z² AWm©V²eë`{M{H$ËgH$Ûmam {H$`o J`o emar[aH$ {díbofUHo$ AmYmana AmË‘mH$moAdmñV{dH$ ‘mZ boZogo A{YH$ {dMmaeyÝ`Vm Am¡a Š`m hmo gH$Vr h¡?~«÷mÊS>{dkmZHo$ {díbofUgo, AVEd, ~«÷ ^r AdmñV{dH$ hmo Zht OmVm h¡.

~«÷mÊS>{dkmZH$s Omo gyú‘ g‘pîQ> h¡, Cgo ^JdX²JrVm Am¡a ^mJdVnwamU ‘|"Aja~«÷' H$hm J`m h¡ …

""ja… gdm©{U yVm{Z Hy$Q>ñWmo Aja‘² CÀ`Vo.''""AmÊS>H$moemo ~{ha² A § nÄMmeËH$mo{Q>{dñV¥V…&& XemoÎmam{YH$mo `Ì à{dîQ>… na‘mUwdV²&& bú`Vo AÝVJ©VmíM AÝ o H$mo{Q>emo h² ÊS>ame`…& VX² Amhþa² "Aja§ ~«÷' gd©H$maUH$maU‘²&&''

(^J.JrVm.15&16, ^mJ.nwam.3&11&39).

EH$ Aja~«÷‘| AZÝVH$mo{Q> ~«÷mÊS> ‘mZo J`o h¢, {OZH$m {díbofU~«÷mÊS>-{dkmZ(Galactical Science)‘| ^{dî`‘| {dH${gV hmoJm. CZ àË oH$~«÷mÊS>m|‘|, nwZ… AmYw{ZH$ Á`mo{V{d©kmZ (Astronomy) Ho$ AZwgma, nwZ…Aa~m|-Ia~m| Vmao hmoVo h¢. O¡go EH$ ~«÷mÊS> Aja~«÷‘| na‘mUw {OVZr {~gmVaIVm h¡, d¡go hr {H$gr ^r EH$ ~«÷mÊS>‘| h‘mao gy © O¡go {demb Vmam{nÊS>m|H$s^r ZÝh| na‘mUwgo A{YH$ {~gmV Zht hmoVr. Á`mo{V{d©kmZ `m IJmob{dkmZ ‘|EH$ ~«÷mÊS>H$m {díbofU CgHo$ KQ>H$ AZoH$ AUyn‘ Vmam|‘| {H$`m OmVm hmoZogo~«÷mÊS> AdmñV{dH$ Zht ~Z OmVm. Eogo hr EH$ {demb VmaoHo$ AZoH$ J«h hmoVoh¢. AnZo hr gy ©Ho$ BX©{JX© ~wY ewH«$ n¥Ïdr ‘§Jb Jwé e{Z waoZg ZoßÀ wZ Am¡aßbwQ>mo O¡go J«h MŠH$a H$mQ>Vo ahVo h¢. `m| IJmob{dkmZH$m {df` Vmam| Am¡a CZHo$J«hm|‘|, J«h{dkmZ‘| (Solar Astronomy) {díbofU H$a {XIm`m OmVm h¡. BZJ«hm|‘| go {H$gr ^r EH$ J«hHo$ d¡{dÜ`H$mo OmZZm hmo Vmo Cg J«hHo$ y{dkmZ‘|(Geology) {díbofU gå^d h¡.

na Cg J«hna `{X OrdZ {Q>H$m o aIZodmbm n`m©daU ‘m¡OyX hmo Vmo CgJ«hH$m r nwZ… O‹S> Am¡a Ord ‘| n¥WH²$H$aU hmo gH$Vm h¡. Ord{dkmZ (Biology)

Ho$ {d{dY emñÌr` {d^mJm| O¡go {H$ dZñn{V{dkmZ (Botany), àm{U{dkmZ(Zoology), Z¥VÎd{dkmZ (Anthropology), eara{dkmZ (Physiology) Am{X‘|gOrd dñVwH$s {ddoMZm gå^d h¡. Bgr Vah O‹S>dñVwHo$ {dkmZHo$ {d{dY

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emñÌr` {d^mJ O¡go {H$ agm`Z{dkmZ (Chemistry), m¡{VH${dkmZ (Physics),

`ÝÌ{dkmZ (Engineering Technology) ‘| {ZOud O‹S>dñVwHo$ ñdê$n Am¡a{Z`‘m| H$s {ddoMZm ^r hmo nmVr h¡.

A~ H$moB© H$ënZmdmXr (Idealist) {dMmaH$ gOrd dñVw‘| ì`ŠV hmoVrMoVZmH$s ny±N> nH$‹S> H$a O‹S>dñVwH$mo ^«mpÝVH$pënV, ‘m{`H$ `m Mental

Construct ‘mZ H$a ~¡R> Om o, Vmo d¡gm ÑpîQ>H$moU EH$m§Jr hr H$hm Om oJm. Eogohr H$moB©H$ ^m¡{VH$dmXr (Materialist) {dMmaH$ ^r ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` (Matter)H$sny§N> nH$‹S> H$a AmË‘m (Mind)H$s dmñV{dH$VmH$m ^m¡{VH$ {díbofU ÛmamAñdrH$ma H$ao AWdm Cgo AÝYlÕm ‘mZo Vmo dh ^r EH$m§Jr ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡.Š`m|{H$ MoVZmHo$ N>moago XoIZona àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwH$m H$ënZmê$n (Mental

Construction) bJZm Vmo ñdm^m{dH$ hr hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah ^m¡{VH$ dñVwHo$N>moago XoIZona àË oH$ dñVwH$m m¡{VH$ VÎdm|go K{Q>V (Material Construction)

bJZm ^r ñdm^m{dH$ hr hmoVm h¡.

gOrd dñVwHo$ ì`dhma‘| AÝZJ«hU ‘b{dgO©Z {OOr{dfm Am{X Omo JwUY‘©{XIbm`r XoVo h¢, CZ JwUY‘m]H$m à`moJembm‘| {H$ o J o àmoQ>rZ² `m Ý wŠbrBH²$E{gS²>Ho$ {d{dY g§ moOZmo‘| {díbofU eŠ` hmoZoHo$ H$maU MoVZmH$m VÏ` {‘Ï`mZht {gÕ hmo OmVm. Bgr Vah m¡{VH$ Ðì`m|H$s BpÝÐ`OÝ` ñ’w$aUm (Sensation)

`m Cggo K{Q>V ‘mZ{gH$ àË``m| (Conception) ‘| {díbofU eŠ` hmoZo ‘mÌgo^m¡{VH$ Ðì`H$s dmñV{dH$Vm ZH$mar Zht Om gH$Vr. MoVZmH$m ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`‘|Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`H$m MoVZmHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ àË``m|‘| {díbofU eŠ` hmoZogo `m VmoXmoZm|H$m AZpñVËd ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o AWdm Vmo XmoZm|H$m ApñVËd h¡ Eogo ‘mZZmhr n‹S>oJm. A^m¡{VH$ AMoVZ AÛ¡VdmX (Neutral Monism)Ho$ g‘W©H$ ~Q´>}ÝS²>agob² EH$ Xme©{ZH$ MwQ>Hw$bo O¡gm {dYmZ H$aVo h¢ … ""What is mind? No

matter! What is matter? Never mind.'' AWm©V², MoVZm Š`m h¡? `h VmoHw$N> {dMmaUr` dñVw Zht h¡. dñVw Š`m h¡? dh Hw$N> {dMma`mo½` Zht.

`h Vmo {ZfoYmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡ naÝVw Omo {dYm`H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU {dH${gVH$aZm hmo Vmo Eogo ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ … what is matter? It is mental.

what is mind? It is material. AWm©V² MoVZm ^m¡{VH$ h¡ Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ dñVwMoVZmË‘H$ h¡. AVEd Cn{ZfXm|Zo H$hm h¡ … ""gdª gd©‘ § gd} Ordm gd©‘`m''(Z¥qghmo.Cn.9). `{X H$moB© nyN>Zm Mmho {H$ XmoZm| Š`m h¢? Vmo Cn{ZfX² CgH$mOdm~ XoVm h¡ …

""Û¡ dmd ~«÷Umo ê$no ‘yVª M¡d A‘yVª M& ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M, pñWV§ M `V² M, gV² M Ë § M&&''

(`Wmnyd©).

yVbna OZ‘Zodmbm {dMmaH$ àW‘ àH$Q> hþdo O‹S>-MoVZHo$ BZ Xmo ê$nm|H$moZ ñdrH$mao Vmo dh yVbna I‹S>m r ah Z nm oJm Eogr Wr AnZr Agbr agÑpîQ>{OgH$s {dkmZH$mo ^r AmO AË`ÝV Anojm h¡.

"AUw'nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ A{d^mÁ`. AUwHo$ {b o A§J«oµOr‘| eãX h¡ Atom

(a-toman). AV… "EQ>‘²'nXH$m ^r AW© dhr hmoVm h¡. H$moB© dñVw A{d^mÁ`h¡ `m {d^mÁ` Bgo H¡$go g‘Pm Om o?

dmñV{dH$Vm `h h¡ {H$ dñVw {d^mÁ` ^r hmoVr h¡ Am¡a A{d^mÁ` ^r.AUwH$s n[aH$ënZm‘| AmnZo `hm§ ‘w»` hoVw `hr gmoMm J`m Wm {H$ Omo EH$ amB©Ho$XmZoHo$ AZÝV {d^mOZ eŠ` hm| Am¡a Cgr Vah EH$ nd©VHo$ ^r AZÝV {d^mOZeŠ` hm| Vmo XmoZm|H$m n[a‘mU‘| ^r oX Zht hmoZm Mm{h o; naÝVw, oX Vmo ahVmhr h¡. AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$ht Z H$ht amB©Ho$ EH$ XmZoHo$ A{d^mÁ`AUwAm|H$s VwbZm‘| nd©VHo$ A{d^mÁ` AUw g§»`m‘| A{YH$ hmoZo Mm{h o.

`h VH©$ µJbV Zht bJVm; na, "A{d^mÁ`' eãXH$m gÀMm AW© g‘PboZm Amdí`H$ h¡. CXmhaUV`m g‘mO{dkmZ‘| EH$ ‘mZd ì`pŠVH$mo (Individual)

H$hm OmVm h¡. BgH$m ^r AW© nwZ… dhr hmoVm h¡ {H$ {OgH$m {d^mOZ-{S>{dµOZgå^d Z hmo. `h gd©Wm gË` h¡, Š`m|{H$, `{X g‘mOemñÌ EH$ ‘mZdH$m{d^mOZ H$a XoJm Vmo g‘mO {Q>H$ hr Zht nm oJm. AV… g‘mOemñÌHo$ {b o EH$

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‘mZd ì`pŠV AUw (Individual) hmoVm h¡. {’$a^r eara{dkmZ `{X EH$‘mZdì`pŠVH$mo A{d^mÁ` EH$H$ ‘mZ H$a ~¡R>m aho Vmo earaH$s ~mao‘| Hw$N> ^rkmZ àmßV Zht H$a nm oJm. Eogo eara{dkmZgo {H$gr OmVH$m bm^ ‘mZdH$mo{‘b Zht nm oJm. AV… eara{dkmZ, g‘mO{dkmZ‘| {Ogo A{d^mÁ` ‘mZm J`mEogo, ì`pŠVH$m {d^mOZ-{díbofU CgHo$ A§J-àË §Jm|‘|, CZHo$ Zm¡ `m XgZm‹S>rg§ñWmZ aŠVgÄMmbZ Am{X {H«$`m-H$bmnm|‘|, earaHo$ {d{dY àH$maH$sg§aMZm Am{X‘| H$aVm hmoVm h¡. AV… eara{dkmZHo$ AnZo AbJ A{d^mÁ` AUw`m EH$H$ hmoVo h¢, {OZgo earaH$s g‘pîQ> K{Q>V hmoVr h¡. g‘mO{dkmZH$s ì`pîQ>eara{dkmZ‘| g‘pîQ> ~Z OmVr h¡. g‘mO{dkmZHo$ A{d^mÁ` AUw(molecule)H$m eara{dkmZ‘| AZoH$ na‘mUwAm| (atoms)Ho$ ê$n‘| {d^mOZ hmogH$Vm h¡.

{’$a^r EVmdVm eara{dkmZ EH$ ‘mZd `m ì`pŠV H$s EH$ ì`pîQ>ê$nh¡{g`VH$mo ZH$ma Zht gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ eara{dkmZ‘| A{d^mÁ` EH$H$Ho$ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` H$aZo‘| Am o A§J-àË §Jm|H$s g§aMZmH$m nwZ… O¡{dH$agm`Z{dkmZ‘|amgm`{ZH$ {díbofU m {d^mOZ Vmo eŠ` h¡ hr Bgr Vah Cg O¡{dH$amgm`{ZH$A{d^mÁ` A§Jê$n VÎdm|H$m `m AUwAm|H$m ^r nwZ… ^m¡{VH${dkmZ‘| ‘mÝ` {H$ oJ o VÎdm|Ho$ na‘mUwAm|‘| {d^mOZ eŠ` h¡ hr.

AV… ObHo$ {Og EH$ AUwHo$ {d^mOZ H$aZona O~ Ob Ob Z ah H$ahmBS´>moOZ² Am¡a Am°ŠgrOZ² dm wHo$ ê$nm|‘o àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡ V~ ObHo$ d¡go ZÝh|A§eH$mo ObH$m A{d^mÁ` AUw g‘PZm Mm{h o. Cg AUwH$s VwbZm‘| OmohmBS´>moOZ²Ho$ Xmo AUw Am¡a Am°ŠgrOZ²H$m EH$ AUw h¢ CÝh| na‘mUw ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm.ObHo$ na‘mUw O¡go hmBS´>moOZ² Am¡a Am°ŠgrOZ² Ho$ A{d^mÁ` AUwAm|H$m ^r nwZ…BboŠQ´>m°Z² Ý wQ´>m°Z² Am¡a àmoQ>m°Z² Ho$ na‘mUwAmo‘| {d^mOZ eŠ` h¡. AV… A{d^mÁ`Am¡a {d^mÁ` XmoZm| hr {d^mÁ` Am¡a A{d^mÁ` ^r hmoVo h¢ !

AV… Cn{ZfXm|Zo A{d^mÁ` AUwgo A{U`mZ² na‘mUwH$s ~mV h‘| g‘Pm`rh¡. EH$‘od A{ÛVr` ~«÷Ho$ AZoH$ Zm‘ê$nm|‘| {d^mOZH$s eŠ`VmH$mo r Cn{ZfXm|ZoñdrH$mam h¡. Cg‘| Zm‘ê$nH$mo Ho$db gË` ‘mZZm Am¡a ~«÷H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZm

AWdm Vmo ~«÷H$mo gË` ‘mZ H$a Zm‘ê$nH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZm o XmoZm| hr ÑpîQ>H$moUEH$m§Jr h¢. CZ‘| g‘J« gË`H$m {Zê$nU ZXmaX ahVm h¡.

~«÷H$m {díbofU Zm‘ê$nm|‘| eŠ` hmoZogo `m Vmo ~«÷H$mo AWdm `m {’$aZm‘ê$nH$mo `m Xmo‘|go {H$gr EH$H$mo ^r {‘Ï`m ‘mZZoH$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡.~«÷Ho$, Š`m|{H$, AÛ¡V‘| Zm‘ê$nHo$ Û¡VH$mo {dH$ma `m ‘m{`H$ ‘mZZm Vmo {ZamdmUr-{dbmg h¡. Zm‘ê$nHo$ Û¡VH$m dmñV{dH$ Zm‘Yo Vmo ~«÷mÛ¡V hr hmoVm h¡.O¡go {‘Å>rHo$ K‹S>oH$mo "{‘Å>rH$m {dH$ma' H$hZm EH$ dmUr{dbmg h¡. dmñV{dH$V`m{‘Å>rHo$ K‹S>oH$m Zm‘Yo "{‘Å>r' hr hmoVm h¡ ""dmMmaå^U§ "{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo §"‘¥{ÎmH$m' BË od gË`‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&1&4).

~hþYm Bg lw{VH$m ImoQ>m AW© {ZH$mbm OmVm h¡ {H$ Bg dMZ‘| ""~«÷ gË §OJV² {‘Ï`m'' {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡. Zm‘ê$nmË‘H$ OJV²H$mo {‘Ï`m‘mZZoH$s {dMmagaUrH$mo dñVwV… `hm§ {OVZo geŠV ê$n‘| ZH$mam J`m h¡ CVZmgeŠV {ZagZ lw{VHo$ AÝ` dMZmo‘| gwb^ Zht Š`m|{H$ A{J«‘ ""dmMmaå^U§"{dH$mamo' Zm‘Yo § Ìr{U ê$nm{U BË od gË`‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&4&1,2,3,4)dMZm|‘| Zm‘ê$n Û¡VH$mo "{dH$ma' H$hZm Vmo {Zam dmUr{dbmg-dmMmaå^Uhr H$hm J`m h¡. AV… Zm‘ê$nHo$ Û¡VH$m gÀMm Zm‘ Vmo ~«÷mÛ¡V hr h¡ ""gdªIbw BX§ ~«÷'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1) dMZHo$ AZwgma n¥Ïdr Ob VoO go K{Q>VOJVHo$ nXmWm]H$mo n¥Ïdr Am{XHo$ "{dH$ma' H$hZm ^r {Zam dmUr{dbmg hr h¡.Š`m|{H$ CZH$m gÀMm Zm‘Yo Vmo "n¥Ïdr' "Ob' Am¡a "VoO' H$s ê$nÌ`r h¡. AV…V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² Vmo qS>{S>‘KmofHo$ gmW H$hVm h¡ {H$ Ñí`‘mZ Omo Hw$N> h¡ dhg^r gË` hr h¡ ""`{XX§ {H$ÄM VV² "gË`‘²' B{V AmMjVo'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6).

AV… {dkmZH$s EH$ EH$ emIm `{X Xygar emImHo$ à‘o H$m {díbofUH$aZo g‘W© hmo EVmdVm Cg à‘o`H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZo bJZm Vmo gw§X-Cngw§Xamjgm|H$s Vah XmoZm|Ho$ AOo hmoZona ^r nañna H$bhde XmoZm|Ho$ ‘a {‘Q>ZoH$m~MH$mZmnZ hmoJm {díbofUÛmam {H$gr nXmW©H$s g§aMZm g‘P‘| Am nmVr h¡;na, Cg nXmW©Ho$ {d{eîQ> ñdê$n `m ag H$mo Ho$db {díbofU Ûmam g‘P nmZmH${R>Z ~mV h¡.

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EH$ àmo{fV^V¥©H$m Zm{`H$mHo$ Z`Zm|go PaVo Alw{~ÝXwAm|H$m H$moB© agm`ZemñÌramgm`{ZH$ {díbofU H$a r {XIm o Vmo Cgo hñVJV Š`m hmoJm? Cg {díbofU‘|Alwàdmh‘| ~hZodmbr {dahdoXZmH$s AÝVYm©amH$m EH$ {~ÝXw ^r hñVJV Zht hmonm oJm AV… CZ-CZ dñVwAm|Ho$ {d^mOZ Am¡a A{d^mOZ Ho$ ~mao‘| O~ VH$d¡Mm[aH$ gÝVwbZ àmßV Zht hmoVm V~ VH$ {dkmZ‘| agÑpîQ> àH$Q> hmo Z nm oJr.

AmO h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ AmYw{ZH$ g‘mOemñÌr`, AW©emñÌr`,earaemñÌr` `m ‘mZgemñÌr` {díbofUm|Ho$ AZmdí`H$ ‘hÎdH$s ^«mpÝVHo$H$maU {dkmZ AnZr H$bmpË‘H$m AZw y{V Am¡a A{^ì`pŠV ‘| ~mYH$ ~ZVm Omahm h¡. AV… H$bmHo$ joÌ‘| agÑpîQ>H$s Omo nwZ… à{VîR>m H$aZr hmo Vmo h‘| H$bm‘|agÑpîQ>H$s Amdí`H$VmH$mo ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

::H$bm‘| AnZr agÑpîQ>:: öX`H$mo gwhmVo gm±Mm|‘| gyú‘ `m ñWyb H$mo T>mbZodmbo òï>mH$mo "H$bmH$ma'

H$hm OmVm h¡.

~mh² OJV²Ho$ à^md EH$ H$bmH$maHo$ g§doXZerb öX`‘| O¡go ^br^m§{Vn‹S>Vo h¢ d¡go g§doXZmhrZ gm‘mÝ` ‘mZdHo$ öX`‘| Zht n‹S>Vo h¢. AV… CZà^mdm|Ho$ `WmW© {MÌUH$mo Š`m "H$bmg¥OZ' H$hZm? Š`m ~mh² OJV²H$s V{ZH$^r nadmh {H$ o {~Zm ñd §H$s AmÝV[aH$ àoaUmH$mo AZwgaZodmbo òï>mHo$ g¥OZH$mo"H$bmg¥OZ' H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm?

{MÌ ‘y{V© H$mì` Z¥Ë` JrV A{^Z` `m dmÚdmXZ Am{X H$bmAm|‘| Š`mA{^ì`pŠVH$s hr ‘hÎmm hmoVr h¡? Š`m EH$ agmË‘H$ ^mdgm¡ÝX ©H$mo A{^ì`ŠVH$aZoH$mo Omo AZw md, {OZHo$ H$maU ag^mdH$m gåàofU (Communication)

eŠ` ~ZVm h¡ CgH$s ‘hÎmm Zht hmoVr? Š`m H$bmH$s {d{dY {dYmAm|H$m CÔoí`Ho$db H$bmË‘H$ gm¡ÝX ©H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZo {OVZm gr{‘V hr hmoVm h¡? Š`m

gm¡ÝX }Va CÔoí` O¡go{H$ AgwÝXa ew H$mo `m AgË` ew H$mo AWdm Vmo AgwÝXagË`H$mo `m Aew gË`H$mo H$bmH$s dmUr‘| ‘wI[aV {H$`m Zht OmZm Mm{h o?

Eogo AZoH$ àíZ AmO h‘| CZ-CZ H$bmH¥${VAm|Ho$ gÀMo ‘yë`m§H$Z‘|‘{V «‘ n¡Xm H$aVo h¢.

H$^r Ho$db-Û¡VdmXr AWdm Vmo H$^r Ho$db-AÛ¡VdmXr hR>mJ«hHo$ H$maU~mh² Am¡a AmÝVa Ho$ ~rM dñVwV… {OVZm AÝVa hmoVm h¡ Cggo H$ht A{YH$AÝVa ‘mZ H$a AmË‘nr‹S>m ~‹T>mVo ahVo h¢. AV… AÝVg²‘| n‹S>Vo ~mh² dñVwHo$H$bmË‘H$ à^md Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ àoaUmH$m AZwgaU H$a àH$Q> H$s J`r H$bmpË‘H$mA{^ì`pŠVH$s Omo {Û{dY {H«$`m h¢ CZHo$ ~rM ^r AZno{jV {damoYm^mgH$s«mpÝV h‘| gVmVr ahVr h¡.

O‹S>OJV² Am¡a MoVZOJV² Ho$ ~rM EH$H$mo nam{lV-à`moOZembr (en

soi) Am¡a XyOoH$mo ñdm{lV-à`moOZembr (pour soi) ‘mZ H$a {‘Ï`m oX K‹S>H$a H$bmg¥OZHo$ à`moOZHo$ ~mao‘| PJ‹S> n‹S>o H$bmg¥OZ gmoÔoí` hmoVm h¡ `m{ZéÔoí`? h‘mam doXmÝV-qMVZ O‹S> Am¡a OrdmË‘m ê$nr g¥pîQ>H$mo gà`moOZ `m{Zîà`moOZ ñdrH$maZo g‘wÚV Zht. doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma Vmo `h g¥pîQ> na‘mË‘mH$sbrbm h¡.

gmoÔoí`Vm `m {ZéÔoí`Vm o XmoZm| hr AYyao nj h¢. brbm Z Vmo gmoÔoí` H$hrOm gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Z gd©Wm {ZéÔoí` hr. CXmhaUV`m ‘H$mZH$s ^tVna VrZbH$sa| ItM H$a CZ‘| {dHo$Q>H$s ^mdZm H$a H$B© {H$emoa Jbr‘| {H«$Ho$Q²> IobZobJ OmVo h¢. Cg {H«$Ho$Q²>Ûmam CÝh| hramo ~ZZoH$s `m Zm‘ `m YZ H$‘mZoH$s `m{H$grH$mo AnZm H$m¡eb {XImZoH$s H$moB© H$m‘Zm Zht hmoVr. Eogr {H«$Ho$Q²>‘| Q>oñQ²>‘oM²Ho$ O¡go {Z`‘ Zht hmoVo. Q>oñQ²> ‘oM²H$s ‘`m©Xm `m à`moOZ ^r Zht hmoVo. {’$a^r{ZéÔoí` H$m‘ H$aZodmboH$mo ‘yI© ‘mZ boZoH$s wpŠV BZ {H$emoam|na bmJy Zht H$sOm gH$Vr. Eogr {H«$Ho$Q²> Iobr OmVr h¡ brbmHo$ ê$n‘|, {OgHo$ ~mao‘| dh gmoÔoí`h¡ `m {ZéÔoí`, Eogo gdmb EH$ ~MH$mZr ~mV bJVo h¢. IobZodmbo {H$emoam|H$s

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H«$s‹S>m ~MH$mZr Zht; naÝVw, Cg‘| gmoÔoí`Vm `m {ZéÔoí`Vm Ho$ gdmb CR>mZodmboXme©{ZH$H$m {MÝVZ dñVwV… ~MH$mZm {MÝVZ bJVm h¡. Cgr Vah Bg OJV²ê$nr H$mì`Ho$ H${dZo ^r Bg ‘Zmoha H$mì`H$mo Ho$db brbmHo$ ê$n‘| hr àH$Q>{H$`m h¡. Bg g¥pîQ>H$mì`Ho$ ^rVa H${dHo$ M[aÌH$m A{^Z` H$aZodmbm H$moB© nmÌBg H$mì`H$s aMZm gmoÔoí` h¡ `m {ZéÔoí` Eogr ‘r‘m§gm H$aZo bJo Vmo Bgg¥pîQ>H$mì`Ho$ H${dH$mo ^r Š`m Eogo Zht bJoJm {H$ ""Aa{gHo$fw H${dËd{ZdoXZ§{ea{g ‘m {bI ‘m {bI''

Bgr Vah H$bm‘| VQ>ñW A{^ì`pŠVH$s à‘wIVm h¡ `m a{gH$OZ-g§doÚAZw mdm|H$s ^r à‘wIVm h¡? Bg àíZHo$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡.

nhbo ~mh² OJV²H$s gdmªJnyU© AZwH¥${V àñVwV H$aZo‘| H$bmHo$ CËH$f©H$s«mpÝV‘| ^Q>H$Zodmbm|Zo AZwH¥${V‘| n[anyU©Vm bmZoHo$ AnZo nwéfmW©‘| EH$ {XZ

"Ho$‘oam' Zm‘H$ Eogm `ÝÌ ImoO {ZH$mbm {H$ {MÌH$bmH$s H$bmpË‘H$m ‘hÎmmKQ> H$a Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘hÎmm‘| gr{‘V ahZoHo$ ‘mo‹S>na Om nhþ§Mr ~hmoV gmao {MÌm|H$mH$bmË‘H$ ‘yë` nwamVÎd‘yë` (Antique value)‘| {dH¥$V hmoZo bJ J`m Eogohr bmoJ V~ Xm¡‹S> H$a Xygao N>moana A‘yV© H$bm‘| hr H$bmHo$ Ma‘moËH$f©H$s«‘Um‘| ^Q>H$Vo hmo J o o XmoZm| A{VdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU Wo. nhbo Omo ñWyb-~mh²

OJV²H$s Zrag AZwH¥${VH$mo gd©ñd ‘mZ ~¡R>o Wo do BgHo$ ~mX A‘yV© AmÝVaOJV²H$s Zrag AZwH¥${VH$mo gd©ñd ‘mZ H$a A‘yV©H$bmHo$ JwUJm`H$ ~Z J o !VÏ`, {H$ÝVw, `h h¡ {H$ Zdg¥OZ-{dhrZ AZwH¥${V ~mh² H$s hmo `m AmÝVaH$s,ñWyb VÏ`H$s hmo `m gyú‘H$s, ‘yV©H$s hmo `m A‘yV©H$s Omo AZwH¥${V hmoVr h¡ dhVmo AZwH¥${V hr hmoVr h¡, H$bmH¥${V Zht !

agemñÌHo$ à{gÕ {dÛmZ² ‘å‘Q>Zo H$bmg¥pîQ>H$s {Z{‘©{VHo$ ~mao‘| EH$ gwÝXa~mV H$hr h¡ …

""{Z`{VH¥$V{Z`‘a{hVm§ ôbmX¡H$‘`r‘² AZÝ`naVÝÌm‘²&& Zdagé{Mam§ {Z{‘©{V‘² AmXYVr ^maVr H$do… O`{V&&''

(H$mì`àH$m.1&1).

^mdmW© : H$bmòï>m (H${d)H$s H$bmg¥pîQ> K‹S> nmZoH$s H$bmH$s A{YîR>mÌrXodr ^maVrH$m CËH$f© AX² wV h¡ {dYmVmH$s g¥pîQ>Ho$ {Z`‘m|go `h H$bmg¥pîQ>K‹S>r Zht OmVr. {dYmVmH$s H$bmg¥pîQ> H$Xm{MV² gwI-Xw…ImpË‘H$m hmo gH$Vrh¡; na, `h H$bmg¥pîQ> Ho$db AmôbmX‘`r hr hmoVr h¡. {dYmVmH$s g¥pîQ> H$mbH$‘© ñd^md àH¥${V Ho$ {Z`‘m|Ho$ AmYrZ hmo gH$Vr h¡; naÝVw, H$bmg¥pîQ>‘| EogrH$moB© namYrZVm Zht hmoVr. {dYmVmH$s g¥pîQ>‘| a{V amof hmg emoH$ CËgmh ^`K¥Um {dñ‘` CXmgrZVm Am{X ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWmAm|‘| H$moB© gwhmVr gwIàX hmoVrh¡ Am¡a H$moB© Z gwhmZodmbr Aé{MH$a ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡. O~{H$ H$bmg¥pîQ>‘| am¡Ðhmñ` H$éU dra ^`mZH$ ~r^Ëg AX² wV Am¡a emÝV agm|Ho$ ê$n‘| dh gd©Xmé{Ma hr hmoVr h¡. e¥§Jmaag‘| àJQ> hmoZodmbr a{VH$s Vah am¡Ðag‘| àJQ> hmoVoamof‘| ^r é{MaVm ~Zr ahVr h¡. hmñ`ag‘| ahZodmbo hmgH$s Vah H$éUag‘|àJQ> hmoVo emoH$‘| ^r é{MaVm hmoVr h¡. draag‘| PbH$Vo CËgmhH$s Vah ^`mZH$ag‘| ‘ZH$mo PH$Pmoa XoZodmbr ^r{V‘| ^r é{MaVm ahVr h¡. AX² wV ag‘| àJQ>hmoVo {dñ‘`H$s Vah ~r^Ëg ag‘| àJQ> hmoVr K¥Um‘| ^r é{MaVm {Z^ nmVr h¡H$bmg¥pîQ> Eogr Zdagé{Mam hmoVr h¡ !

Bg H$bmgm¡ÝX ©H$s {ddoMZm‘| h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {dYmVmH$s g¥pîQ>H$sZrag AZwH¥${V‘| H$bmgm¡ÝX`©H$m àmH$Q²>ç ñdrH$mam Zht J`m h¡. Bgr VahdñVwV… H$mì`mË‘H$ hmoZona r Bg {dYmVmH$s g¥pîQ>H$m Ho$db {Zd}XnyU© gm{j^mdaI H$a Z¡îH$å ©Ho$ Adbå~Z‘| ^r H$bmgm¡ÝX © àH$Q> hmoZm ‘mZm Zht J`m h¡.

Cg na‘ H${dH$s H$mì`mon‘ Bg g¥pîQ>H$s Ho$db agmZw y{V hr àmßV H$aZrhmo Vmo Y‘© EH$ g‘W© Am¡a n`m©ßV {dÚmH$m¡eb h¡. AV… ~mh² `m AmÝVa OJV²‘| AZw yV hmoZodmbo gm¡ÝX ©H$mo Omo dh A‘yV© hmo Vmo EH$ CÎm‘ Ho$‘oamH$s Vahboe‘mÌ ^r ~Xbo {~Zm Cgo OgH$m Vg àñVwV H$a XoZoHo$ Xmdo‘| H$bmg¥OZ {gÕZht hmoVm. EH$ ZÝhm ~mbH$ `{X ~‹S>o {dÛmZm|H$s Vah àË oH$ ñda Am¡a àË oH$ì`ÄOZH$s Üd{ZAm|H$m EH$X‘ ewÕ CÀMmaU H$aZo bJo Vmo Cg‘| h‘| Ahmo mdVmo Adí` OJVm h¡; naÝVw, Eogo ~mbH$Ho$ à{V dmËgë`^md àH$Q> hmoZm Wmo‹S>m

451 452

H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡ A~ `{X ~mbH$ gd©Wm Jy§Jm hmo Vmo ^r CgHo$ gmW h‘| ~hþVAmZÝX Am Zht nmVm. AnZr VwVbmVr dmUr‘| Hw$N> AQ>nQ>o CÀMmaU H$aZoH$mà`mg H$aZodmbm EH$ ZÝhm ~mbH$ h‘| A{Ve` ß`mam bJVm h¡, `h AÝ`Wmgå^d Zht.

à{gÕ {gVmadmXH$ lra{de§H$aZo emñÌr` g§JrVH$m AmZÝX boZoH$s ~hþàM{bVàUmbr dmh! dmh!! Am¡a Amhm! ‘| aho gyú‘ VmaVå` g‘PmZoH$mo EH$ AVrdgag ~mV H$hr h¡. do H$hVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr H$bmH$maZo dfm]go [a`mµO H$a-H$aHo$Omo H${R>Z VmZnbQ>o gmY aIo hm| CZH$s g’$b àñVw{VH$mo Jm`Z `m dmXZ ‘|dmh! dmh!! Ûmam A{^ZpÝXV H$aZm Mm{h o. dmh! dmh!! `mpÝÌH$s nwZamd¥{Îm‘|{‘bZodmbr g’$bVmH$s ~YmB© O¡gr hmoVr h¡. naÝVw H$^r Jm`H$ `m dmXH$ Ho$ñd §Ho$ I`mb‘| Z AmZodmbo M‘ËH$mar ‘Ywa ñda AZOmZo {ZH$b OmVo hmoVo h¢V~ Cg ñdaZmdrÝ` `m ñda‘mYw © H$s ~YmB© Ahm Amhm H$s Üd{ZÛmam XoZrMm{h o. Cgo dmh! dmh!! H$hZm CZ ñdam|‘| ahr ‘YwaVm `m ZyVZVm H$m AZmXah¡.

O¡go {H$gr gwÝXa fmoS>erH$mo "XmXr-‘m§' H$h H$a AmXa XoZm Cg fmoS>erHo$`m¡dZ Am¡a bmdÊ` H$m dmñV{dH$V`m Vmo AZmXa hr hmoVm h¡ AV… `mpÝÌH$snwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a Zdg¥OZ Ho$ ~rM aho VmaVå`H$mo nhMmZ nmZm {H$gr ^rH$bmH¥${VHo$ dmñV{dH$ ‘yë`m§H$Z‘| AVrd CnH$maH$ hmoVm h¡. Aëng§doXZerb`m Aa{gH$OZm| Ûmam g’$b nwZamd¥{ÎmH$s dmh! dmh!! H$s ~YmB©Ho$ H$mobmhb‘|H$moB© Aëng’$b; naÝVw, gd©Wm ZyVZ{Z{‘©{V AWdm Vmo nwZ{Z©{‘©{V a{gH$OZH$sAmhm!!

Ho$ A^md‘| H$ht Amh| Z ^aZo bJ Om o BgH$s gmdYmZr aIZr Amdí`H$hmoVr h¡

agemñÌH$mam|Zo ZmQ²>çH$bmHo$ gÝX ©‘| {H$ÝVw g^r H$bm{dYmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘|gm‘mÝ`arË`m ñdrH$mar Om gHo$ Eogr agn[a^mfm `m| Xr h¡ :

""{d^mdmZw^mdgÄMm[a^mdg§`moJmX² ag{Zîn{Îm…...ZmZm^mdmon{hVmA{n ñWm{`Zmo ^mdm… agËd‘² AmßZwdpÝV...ZmZm^mdm{^Z`ì`pÄOVmZ² dmJ“gÎdm on oVmZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ²AmñdmX`pÝV gw‘Zg…...''(^a.ZmQ²>ç.6&31)

^mdmW© … {d^md, AZw md Am¡a gÄMmar ^mdm|Ho$ BVaoVag§ moJde ag{ZînÝZ hmoVm h¡... ZmZm^mdmon{hV hmoZona ñWm`r ^md hr agV`m àH$Q> hmo OmVmh¡... ZmZm ^mdm|Ho$ dm{MH$ Am{“H$ gmpÎdH$ (Am¡a Amhm © ^r) A{^Z` ÛmamA{^ì`ŠV hmoZona a{gH$OZm|Ho$ {b o do ^md AmñdmÚ ~Z OmVo h¢.

Bg‘| {d^mdHo$ Xmo ^oX {JZm`o J`o h¢ : 1.Ambå~Z{d^md Am¡a2.CÔrnZ{d^md. "Ambå~Z{d^md' H$m ‘Vb~ {Og ì`pŠVna Adbpå~V hmoH$a AnZo öX`‘| a{V amof hmg emoH$ CËgmh ^` {dñ‘` `m K¥Um Am{XHo$‘Zmo md OJVo hm| Cgo Ambå~Z{d^md ‘mZm OmVm h¡. Eogo {d{dY ^mdm|H$moCÔrßV H$aZodmbr ì`pŠVH$s MoîQ>m `m AmgnmgHo$ dmVmdaU H$mo "CÔrnZ{d^md'H$hm OmVm h¡. {OZHo$ Ûmam a{V amof Am{X ^md CÔr{nV hmoVo h¢. ZmQ>H$‘| {OZH$m{`H$ dm{MH$ gmpÎdH$ (`m Amhm © ^r) gm‘{J« m|Ho$ H$maU a{gH$OZm|H$moñWm{`^mdmË‘H$ agH$m AZw d hmoZo bJo CÝh| "AZw md' H$hm OmVm h¡. a{V `mamof Am{XHo$ ^mdm|Ho$ ñWm`r ahZona ^r CZHo$ ~rM-~rM AñWm{`ê$noU Omo Xygao^mdm|H$m AÝV…gÄMaU hmoVm h¡ CÝh| "gÄMm[a^md' H$hm OmVm h¡. CXmhaUV`ma{e`mHo$ ‘hmZ² boIH$ EÝQ>m°Z² MoImodH$s H$éUaggo n[any[aV ~hmoV gmarH$hm{Z`m§ hmñ`agHo$ gÄMm[a^mdH$s ^mfm‘| H$hr J`r h¢. AVEd H$éUagHo$AÝV y©V hmo H$a àH$Q> hmoVo hmg‘| H$éUag A{YH$ H$éU ~Z N>bH$ OmVm h¡.AWdm ~hþàM{bV {à`m-{à`V‘Ho$ àU`Ho$ CXmhaU‘| a{Vê$n ñWm`r ^mdH$s{dÚ‘mZVm‘| hr H$^r ‘mZ, H$^r CXmgrZVm, H$^r e§H$m, H$^r bÁOm, H$^rJd©, `m H$^r {dfmX Am{X gÄMmar ^mdm|H$m gÄMaU a{VHo$ ^mdH$mo àJmT>~ZmVm h¡.

455 456

EVmdVm h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Cn{ZfX²‘| ~«÷Ho$ ~mao‘| O¡gr {déÕY‘m©l`VmñdrH$mar J`r d¡gr hr {déÕY‘m©l`Vm agemñÌr` agHo$ ~mao‘| ^r H$hr-gmoMrOm gH$Vr h¡.

Š`m|{H$ {d^md àm`… ~mh² Am¡a ñWyb hmoVm h¡. gÄMmar ^md H$^r AmÝVaVmo H$^r ~mh² ^r hmoVo h¢. ñWm`r ^md gyú‘ Am¡a AmÝVa hr hmoVo h¢. AZw mdñWyb Am¡a/AWdm ~mh² hmoVo h¢. H$bmpË‘H$m A{^ì`pŠVHo$ hoVw öX`H$mo gwhmVogm§Mm|‘| T>mbZoH$s MhbH$X‘r‘| ñWyb Am¡a gyú‘ H$s ‘hÎmm nañna gÑe hrhmoVr h¡. AVEd ñWm`r md gyú‘ A‘yV© hmoVm h¡ Vmo Ambå~Z{d^md ñWyb ‘yV©.ñWm`r ^md ñWm`r hmoVm h¡ na gÄMmar ^md AñWm`r hmoVo h¢. AZw^md(expressions/acting) ì`ŠV-gV² hmoVo h¢ Vmo ñWm`r ^md Aì`ŠV-Ë`V².H$bmgO©H$ ‘Ë © hmoVm h¡ na H$bmgm¡ÝX © A‘¥V hmoVm h¡ AVEd Cgo ~«÷mZÝXghmoXa‘mZm OmVm h¡. Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfXm|H$s agÑpîQ> H$bmjoÌ‘| ^rAnZm`r Om gH$Vr h¡ :

""Ûo dm ~«÷Umo ê$no ‘yVª M¡d A‘yVª M, ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M, pñWV§M `V² M gV² M Ë § M'' (`Wmnyd©).

`h Ñí`H$mì` AWm©V² ZmQ>H$Ho$ gÝX ©‘| àñVwV n[a^mfm h¡. d¡go AÝ` ^rH$bm{dYmAm|Ho$ CnbjUV`m ñdrH$ma boZona `Wm`W AÝ`mÝ` AZw mdm|H$mo ^ragmZw mdH$V`m ‘mÝ` {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. AVEd ^aV‘w{Z H$hVo h¢ ""`mo AWm}öX`g§dmXr Vñ` ^mdmo agmoX² d… eara§ ì`mß`Vo VoZ ewîH§$ H$mð>{‘d Ap½ZZm''(^a.ZmQ²>ç.7&7). `h öX`g§dmXr agmoX² d Ho$db ZmQ>H$‘| hr hmoVm hmo Am¡aH$bmH$s AÝ` {dYmAm|‘| Zht, Eogo gmoMZoH$m H$moB© ^r hoVw Zht. CZ-CZH$bmAm|Ho$ AZw md AbJ-AbJ hmo gH$Vo h¢ : ZmQ²>çH$bm‘| agH$m AZw dn¡Xm H$aZodmbo A{^ZoVmHo$ Am§{JH$ dm{MH$ gmpÎdH$ Am¡a Amhm © A{^Z` hmoVoh¢. BZ MVw{d©Y A{^Z`m|H$m ñWmZ g§JrV‘| ñda amJ b` Am¡a Vmb bo boVo h¢.{MÌH$bm‘| a§J Am¡a aoImH¥${V bo boVr h¢. `m| AÝ` ^r AZw mdH$ ~Z gH$Vo h¢.AVEd ‘å‘Q> H$hVo h¢ :

""1"am‘Ed A`‘²', "A`‘od am‘…' B{V, 2"Z am‘mo A`‘²'B{V Am¡ÎmaH$m{bHo$ ~mYo... 3"am‘… ñ`mÛm Zdm A`‘²' B{V,4"am‘gÑemo A`‘²' B{V 1gå`J²- 2{‘Ï`m- 3g§e`-4gmÑí`àVr{Vä`mo {dbjUm {MÌVwaJm{XÝ`m oZ "am‘mo A`‘²'B{V à{VnÎ`m...''

(H$mì`àH$m.4&28) H$bmAm|H$s AZoH${dYmAm|‘| ^mfm ~Xb OmVr h¡ naÝVw agmoX²~moYZH$m ^md

Zht ~XbVm h¡. Omo H$bm^mfm à wŠV hmo ahr hmo Am¡a CgHo$ Ûmam Omo ~mV H$hrOm ahr hmo CZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`^md ghO `m VmËH$m{bH$ AWdm H$‘goH$‘ Amamo{nV Vmo Adí` hr d¡go dñVwV`m Vmo m{dV VmXmËå`^md hr agmZw y{VH$màmUàX VÏ` hmoVm h¡. ghO `m VmËH$m{bH$ VmXmËå` Vmo {df`JV VmXmËå`hmoVo h¢. ‘wI‘mÌHo$ Xe©ZÛmam ""`h dhr ì`pŠV h¡'' gH$b eara‘| A oXàË`{^kmghOVmXmËå`na Adbpå~V hmoVr h¡. à‘wIV`m h A§em§{e^md CnmXo monmXmZ^mdY‘©Y{‘© md Am{X CXmhaUm|‘| naIm Om gH$Vm h¡. VmËH$m{bH$ VmXmËå`, O¡go,{dÚmb` S>mH$Ka Am{X g§ñWmAm|‘| ì`pŠV `m J¥h ‘mohëbm Am{XH$m {H$gr{ZpíMV g§»`mgo VmXmËå`rH$aU gånÝZ H$a {X`m OmVm h¡. d¡go Bgo Amamo{nVVmXmËå`go n¥WŠV`m ‘mZZoH$m à‘wI hoVw `hr h¡ {H$ {ZpíMV g§ñWm `m g‘wXm`‘| {ZpíMV H$mbmd{Y‘| d¡`pŠVH$ AmamonV`m ‘mÝ` Z hmo H$a gm‘wXm{`H$àË`{^kmH$m OZH$ ~ZVm XoIm OmVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV Amamo{nV VmXmËå`,CXmhaUV`m, ~rOJ{UVHo$ {gÕmÝVm|H$mo O¡go {H$gr A{ZpíMV g§»`mHo$ {b oA{Z`VV`m "A' "~' "H$' Am{X Ajam|Ho$ gmW VmXmËå`mamon Ûmam g‘Pm {X`mOmVm h¡. Amamo{nV Am¡a ^m{dV VmXmËå`m|H$s nañna VwbZmW© `h AdYo h¡ {H$Amamo{nV VmXmËå` ~moYmon`moJr VmXmËå` hmoVm h¡ O~{H$ ^m{dV VmXmËå`mamonag^mdHo$ CX²~moYZmW© hr hmoZogo agmË‘H$Vm A{YJ¥hrV H$a boVm h¡. BgoXod‘y{V©‘| XodVmXmËå`^md m ñÌr-nwéfHo$ ~rM {à`m-{à`V‘^md m dadYy mdAm{XHo$ CXmhaUm|Ûmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.

Eogr ^mdZm OJm nmZoH$mo gj‘ H$bmgO©H$H$s {dMjUVmHo$ H$maU H«$moY^` emoH$ `m OwJwßgm Ho$ ‘Zmo md ^r H$bmg¥pîQ>‘| agmË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢.

457 458

d¡go H$bmg¥OZ‘| gwÝXaVm hr àH$Q> hmoZr Mm{h o AgwÝXaVm Zht. gË`H$mohr ì`ŠV H$aZm Mm{h`o AgË`H$mo Zht, ew^H$m hr {Z‘m©U hmoZm Mm{h`oAew H$m Zht, Eogm hR>dmX agÑpîQ>Ho$ ~mao‘| h‘mao AkmZH$m hr ÚmoVZ h¡. h‘OmZVo h¢ {H$ OwJwßgmH$s ^r AZw^y{V H$bmg¥pîQ>‘| ~r^ËgagH$s Jm¡ad‘`rnXdrna {~amOVr h¡. Aew H$s A{^ì`pŠV ^r H$éUagV`m {~aXm`r J`r h¡.A{Ve`mopŠVnyU© AgË` ~mVm|go h±gZoH$s hëH$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo hmñ`ag hmoZoH$mJm¡ad àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| H$bmg¥OZHo$ AÝVJ©V ""gË § {ed§gwÝXa‘²'' H$m ~§YZ nmbZm hr Mm{h o Eogm hR>mJ«h aIZm Vmo H$bmgO©H$H$sZdagé{Mam ^maVr XodrH$m AZmXa h¡

V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| AVEd EH$ ~‹S>r ‘OoXma gwÝXa ~mV H$hr J`r h¡ …

""gmo AH$m‘`V ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o B{V. g Vnmo AVß`V.g Vn… VßËdm BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV. `{XX§ qH$ M VV² g¥îQ²>dm VXodAZwàm{deV². VX² AZwà{dí`. gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV². {ZéŠV§M A{ZéŠV§ M. {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M. gË § M AZ¥V§ M gË`‘²A^dV². `{XX§ {H$ÄM VV² "gË`‘²' B{V AmMjVo... AgX² dmBX‘² AJ«o AmgrV². VVmo d¡ gX² AOm`V. VX² AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘²AHw$éV. Vñ‘mV² VËgwH¥$V‘² CÀ`Vo B{V. `X² d¡ VV² gwH¥$V§, agmo d¡g…. ag§ h² od bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V.''

(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6-7).

^mdmW© … Cgo AZoH$Ym AZoH$ ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmoZoH$s H$m‘Zm hþ r. ñd § CgZoAZoH$VmH$m {MÝVZ {H$`m. Am¡a Eogo {MÝVZÛmam CgZo `h Omo Hw$N> h¡ CgH$mg¥OZ {H$`m. Omo Hw$N> {XIbm`r XoVm h¡ Cgo aM H$a dh Cg‘| à{dîQ> hmo J`m.Bg g¥pîQ>‘| à{dï> hmo H$a CgZo AZoH$ ê$n YmaU {H$ o : ì`ŠV-Aì`ŠV,{Zd©MZr`-A{Zd©MZr`, gmYma-{ZamYma, {dkmZ-A{dkmZ, gË`-AZ¥V Am{X.AV… Omo Hw$N> {XIbm`r XoVm h¡ Cgo "gË`' H$hm OmVm h¡. H$Xm{MV² {XIbm`rXoVr dñVw nhbo Z ^r hm| na Omo Hw$N> àH$Q> hþdm dh Vmo gV² hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ CgZoAnZo-AmnH$mo hr Vmo Bg Vah àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. AV… `h g¥pîQ> CgH$s gwH¥${V

h¡. Bg g¥pîQ>‘| Omo Hw$N> gaOm J`m dh na‘mË‘mH$s gwH¥${V hr h¡. Bg‘| H$maU`hr h¡ {H$ dh na‘mË‘m dñVwV… ag h¡ Bgr agH$mo nmZona H$moB© AmZÝXH$mo nmgH$Vm h¡.

agê$noU Omo Hw$N> àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dh g~ AmZÝXmË‘H$ hr hmoVm h¡. agê$noUàH$Q> emoH$ hmo `m ‘moh, H«$moY hmo `m ^` hmo, {dñ‘` hmo `m OwJwßgm hmo-g^rHw$N> AmôbmXH$ agê$n hr hmoVm h¡

AmÝVa `m ~mh² , gyú‘ `m ñWyb H$mo AnZo öX`H$mo gwhmVo gm±Mo‘| T>mbZoH$moEH$ H$bmgO©H$ ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡. Bg nwZñg¥OZ‘| gË`H$mo AgË` Am¡a AgË`H$mogË` ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡, ew H$mo Aew Am¡a Aew H$mo ew Bgr Vah gwÝXaH$moAgwÝXa Am¡a AgwÝXaH$mo gwÝXa ~ZmZoH$mo ^r H$bmgO©H$ ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡. EH$H$bmH¥${V‘| gË`-AgË`, {ed-A{ed `m gwÝXa-AgwÝXa H$s ag{ddoMZm hmoCg‘| H$moB© Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV Zht bJVr na H$bmgO©H$Ho$ ñdmVÝÍ`H$mo ZH$maZm{ZíM` hr Amn{ÎmOZH$ hmoVm h¡. AVEd AnZo hm§ àmMrZ J«ÝWm|‘| H$bmg¥OZH$seV©Ho$ ê$n‘| H$ht ^r ""gË § {ed§ gwÝXa‘²'' dMZ AmXe©V`m CÕ¥V hþdm nm`mZht OmVm. `h ghO gå^d h¡ {H$ {H$gr g§ñH¥$V^mfm{^kZo A§J«oµOrHo$ ""Truth,

good and Beauty''H$m g§ñH¥$VrH¥$V ê$n àñVm{dV H$aZm Mmhm hmo.

‘w§~B©Ho$ g‘rn Ebr’|$Q>m Jw’$mH$s à{gÕ {Ì‘y{V©Ho$ VrZ ‘wIm|‘| EH$ ‘wIemÝVagH$mo ì`ŠV H$aVo {edH$m h¡, Xygam e¥§JmaagH$mo ì`ŠV H$aVr nmd©VrH$mh¡. AV… {ed Am¡a gwÝXa Vmo {‘bo na gË` BZ VrZ ‘wIm|‘| àH$Q>ê$noU {Zê${nVZht. {Ì‘y{V©Ho$ AÝV©JV Vrgam ê$n gË`H$m Zht naÝVw am¡ÐagH$mo ì`ŠV H$aVo¡adH$m ‘wI h¡. A~ gË` àm`… ^ §H$a hr hmoVm h¡, Eogm H$h H$a `{X Cgo

gË`Ho$ ‘wIV`m à{Vnm{XV H$moB© H$aZm Mmho Vmo `h ^r ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm {H$àË oH$ CXmhaU‘| gË` ew `m gwÝXa Zht hmoVm.

AVEd {H$gr H${dZo ‘hmXodH$s ZoÌÌ`r‘| VrZ agm|H$s CX² mdZm H$aVo hþdoH$hm h¡ :

459 460

""EH§$ Ü`mZ{Z‘rbZmX² ‘wHw${bVàm § {ÛVr § nwZ… nmd©Ë`m dXZmå~wOñVZ^ao gå^mo moJ^mdmbg‘²& AÝ`X² Xya{dH¥$îQ>Mmn‘XZH«$moYmZbmoÔr{nV§ eå^moa² {^ÝZag§ g‘m{Yg‘ o ZoÌÌ § nmVw d…&&''

^mdmW© : ^JdmZ² eå wÛmam bJm`r J`r g‘m{Y gmYmaU `mo{JAm|H$sg‘m{Y O¡gr EH$agmpË‘H$m `m Monotony ^ar Zht hmoVr {^ÝZagmpË‘H$mAWm©V² {d{dY ag^mdm|go ^anya hmoVr h¡ g‘m{Y-AdñWm‘| hr eå wH$m EH$X{jU ZoÌ emÝV agmË‘H$ Ü`mZ‘| AY©{Z‘r{bV hmoVm h¡. Xygam dm‘ ZoÌ dm‘nmíd©‘| pñWV nmd©VrHo$ ‘wIH$‘b Am¡a Cd©[aV e¥§Jmaagmon‘ CamoOna ag‘Îm‘YwnH$s Vah ‘ÝWa J{Vgo ‘§S>amVm ahVm h¡. Vrgam ZoÌ Xyago H$m‘~mU N>mo‹S>ZodmboCg H$m‘Xodna H«$mo{YV hmo H$a àÁd{bV H«$moYmp½Z O¡gm CÔrßV {XIbm`r XoVmh¡. Eogr {Z{d©H$ën g‘m{YHo$ {eIamdñWm‘| ^r ‘hmXod e¥§Jma emÝV Am¡a am¡Ðagm|H$s bh[a`m|‘| bhamVo ahVo h¢.

‘hmXodH$mo Vmo g‘m{Y‘| ^r {d{dYVmHo$ à{V {damoYr ^md Zht aIVo, V~g‘m{Y{dhrZ H$B©-EH$ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr AZoH$Xm ì`dhma‘| ^r {d{dYVmHo$ à{Vg{hîUwVm {Z^m Zht nmVo AV… gË § {ed§ Am¡a gwÝXa§ Ho$ Û¡VH$s `m AÛ¡VH$s^Ëg©Zm H$aZodmbo Ho$db-AÛ¡VdmXr `m Ho$db-Û¡VdmXr {MÝVH$m|H$s hR> EH$d¡Mm[aH$ g§H$sU©Vm hr bJVr h¡. ‘hmXodH$s dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo {ÌZoÌ (AWm©V² EH$hr XodVmHo$ {Ì‘y{V©) hmoZoH$s h¡. e¡d gåàXm` AVEd ‘hmXodH$mo "ZQ>amO' H$hVmh¡. ‘hmXod g^r agm|Ho$ ZmQ>Z H$aZo‘| g‘W© Xod h¢, AVEd do ‘hmXod h¢. gmWhr gmW Ho$db {ÌZoÌ hmoZoHo$ H$maU `m {Ì‘y{V© hmoZo H$maU ‘hmXodH$mo Ho$db am¡Ð,emÝV Am¡a e¥§Jma ê$nr agÌ¡V‘| gr{‘V Zht ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o. BZ VrZ agm|Ho$gmW, Š`m|{H$, Xygao N>hm| ag H$m ©H$maU^mdmË‘Zm e¥§I{bV ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢.

`Wm EH$ Amoa H$m‘XodH$mo ^ñ‘gmV² H$a XoZoHo$ ~mdOyX Xygar Amoa nmd©VrH$moe¥§JmaagmpË‘H$m ÑpîQ>go A{Z‘of {ZhmaVo ‘hmXodH$mo XoI H$a hmñ`ag àH$Q> hmoOm o Vmo Cgo {H$gH$m AnamY H$hZm

Xygar Amoa ‘hmXodH$s am¡Ð agmpË‘H$m Vrgar ÑpîQ>go ^ñ‘gmV² hmoZodmboAnZo n{VH$mo XoI H$a a{V‘| emoH$ Am¡a ^` n¡Xm hmo Om | Vmo ‘hmXodHo$ ñdê$n‘|H$éUag Am¡a ^`mZH$ag H$mo ñWmZ {‘bm hr h¡ `h ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

emÝV agH$s g‘m{Y bJm H$a ~¡R>o ‘hmXodna H$m‘~mU Mbm H$a CÝh|H$m‘nr‹S>mde AemÝV ~ZmZm MmhVo H$m‘XodH$mo ÑpîQ>‘mÌgo ^ñ‘ H$aZodmboHo$em¡ ©‘| draag ^r àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡. a{V Vmo H$m‘H$mo da MwH$s h¡, AV… a{Vn{VH$m‘H$mo IV‘ H$aZoHo$ ~mX AeŠ` ~Z OmZodmbr a{VH«$s‹S>m‘| nmd©VrH$mo àU`XmZVmo ‘hmXod O¡go XmZdra hr H$a gH$Vo h¢ Xygao Ñ{ï>H$moUgo {ZhmaZona Vmo H$m‘Ho$dY H$aZona {dYdm hmo OmZodmbr a{VH$mo amoVr aI H$a ñd § nmd©VrHo$ gmWa{VagH$m bm^ boVo ‘hmXod Am¡a nmd©Vr Ho$ àU`‘| {H$gr bm¡{H$H$ H$m‘wH$H$moOwJwßgmH$m ^md OJ Om o Vmo Cgo Añdm^m{dH$ H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡? AV…‘hmXodH$s brbmH$m H$m‘^mdHo$ AmYmana ‘yë`m§H$Z H$aZo Om | Vmo ~r^Ëg agàH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡. VÎdÑpîQ>go, {H$ÝVw, XoIZona {ZîH$m‘ a‘U {dñ‘`OZH$ hrhmoVm h¡ Bggo H$ht A{YH$ {dñ‘`H$mar {d{dY ag^mdm|Ho$ nañna {damoYm^mgrJwUY‘m]H$mo {edê$noU emÝVagH$mo ì`ŠV H$aZodmbo ‘hmXodH$s AX² wVagmË‘H$VmnaH$hmo {H$go {dñ‘` Z hmoJm

{’$a^r Ho$db AKmoa ""emÝV§ {ed‘² AÛ¡V‘²'' ‘mZZoH$s hR>‘| h‘ {edHo$ZQ>amO hmoZoH$s dmñV{dH$VmH$mo ZH$maVo hmoVo h¢. d¡go h‘ ñdrH$ma| `m Z ñdrH$ma|,EVmdVm, éÐ H$ht AnZo Kmoa-KmoaVa-Û¡VH$m VmÊS>dZ¥Ë` ~§X Wmo‹S>o hr H$a X|Jo""AKmoaoä`mo AW Kmoaoä`mo KmoaKmoaVaoä`… gd©V… edª gd}ä`mo Z‘ñVo AñVwéÐê$noä`…'' (‘hmZm.Cn.10&6). AV… doX Vmo éÐê$n na‘mË‘mHo$ VrZm| hrê$nm|-1.AKmoa 2.Kmoa Am¡a 3.Kmoago ^r KmoaVa H$mo dÝXZr` hr ‘mZVm h¡. AV…""emÝV§ {ed§ AÛ¡V‘²'' H$s g‘m{YH$s Vah ""AemÝV‘² A{ed§ Û¡V‘²'' Ho$VmÊS>dH$mo Omo ñdrH$ma Zht nmVo do e§H$aHo$ gÀMo qH$H$a hmoZo bm`H$ Zht hmoVo.

461 462

^mJdVH$ma, Bgr Vah, lrH¥$îUH$mo "ZQ>da' H$hVo h¢. ‘Wwam‘| H§$gHo$Xa~mar ‘§Mna ^JdmZH$m AdVaU Vmo ‘mZm| {d{dY ag^mdm|H$s {dbjU ~m‹T>hr Wr Cg g‘` ^JdmZ²Zo ZdagHo$ {gÕmÝVH$mo AnyU© {gÕ H$aZoH$mo hrEH$H$mbmdÀN>oXoZ AnZo Xg{dY ê$n àH$Q> H$a {XIm o. Bg àg§JH$m {Zê$nUh‘| AYmo{Z{X©ï> íbmoH$‘| ^mJdVH$ma XoVo h¢ …

1‘ëbmZm‘² Ae{Z… 2Z¥Um§ Zada… 3ñÌrUm§ ñ‘amo ‘y{V©‘mZ²4JmonmZm§ ñdOZmo 5AgVm§ {j{V wOm§ emñVm 6ñd{nÌmo…{eew…&7‘¥Ë wa² ^moOnVo… 8{damS²> A{dXwfm§ 9VÎd§ na§ `mo{JZm§10d¥îUrZm§ naXodVm B{V {d{XVmo a§J§ JV… gmJ«O…&&

(^mJ.nwam.10&40&17) ^JdmZ² O~ VH$ h‘mao gå‘wI àH$Q> Zht hmoVo V~ VH$ CZH$s Cnojm H$s

Om gH$Vr h¡. àH$Q> hmoZona Vmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nHo$ gmW H$moB© CXmgrZ ah hrZht gH$Vm.

^JdmZ²Ho$ àH$Q> ñdê$nH$mo Omo ñZohÑpîQ>go {Zhma nmZm eŠ` Z hmo VmoÛofÑpîQ>go {ZhmaZm n‹S>oJm. Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ àH$Q> ñdê$nHo$ Xe©Z nm H$a àgÝZ Zhthmo nmVm Cgo emoH$ì`mHw$b hmoZm n‹S>oJm. {Ogo ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z {dñ‘`OZH$ ZhthmoVo Cg‘| OwJwßgmH$m ^md OmJ CR>oJm. eya dra hmoZoHo$ Ah§H$mago ^ao nwéfm|‘|dr ©dmZ² ^JdmZ²H$mo XoI H$a wÕH$m CËgmh C^aVm Z hmo Vmo Cgo ^JdmZ²Ho$gå‘wI gd©Wm ^ré ~Z OmZm n‹S>oJm. ^JdmZ²Ho$ àH$Q> ê$nH$s Cnojm H$moB© H$aZht gH$Vm. AV… `mo{J‘w{ZOZm|H$mo AnZo AÝVa‘| hr na‘mË‘mHo$ emÝVagnyU©ñdê$nna EH$mJ«VmHo$ gmW Ü`mZ bJm nmZoH$s {g{Õ ^JdËàmH$Q²>çH$mb‘|A{H$pÄMËH$a ~Z OmVr h¡. AV… CÝh| öX`go ~mha nydm}ŠVarË`m AmR> AemÝVagm|Ho$ {d^mdV`m {H$gr EH$ agmpË‘H$m d¥{Îmgo AYra ~Z H$a ^JdmZ²H$mo{ZhmaZm n‹S>oJm. AàH$Q> ^JdmZ²go {d‘wI ahZm {H$gHo${b o AeŠ` hmoVm h¡?Bgr Vah àH$Q> ^JdmZ²Ho$ A{^‘wI Z hmo nmZm {H$grHo$ {b o Zht eŠ`?

H§$gHo$ Xa~ma‘|, AVEd, lrH¥$îUgo {d‘wI ah nmZoH$s gmar gå^mdZm |IV‘ hmo J`r Wr. ZQ>daHo$ AZoH${dY agZmQ>Z‘| H$m¡Zgo agH$m àdmh ~h Zhtahm {H$gr ^r VahHo$ ñWm`r ^md‘| pñWa hþdm ‘Z ^r Cg agàdmhHo$ doJ‘| ~hhr OmVm h¡ {’$a^r Xygao àdmh AnZo CX²J‘H$s {Xem‘| àdmhn{VV dñVwH$mo ~hmZht gH$Vo; naÝVw, {Og agàdmhH$m CX²J‘ H¥$îU hmo dhm§ Vmo CbQ>r J§Jm hr~hVr h¡ H§$gHo$ Xa~ma‘| CnpñWV àË oH$ Xe©H$Zo AV… AnZo-AnZo ‘ZmoJV^mdm|Ho$ AZwgma ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z nm o. CZ-CZ Xe©H$m|H$s MmhH$mo AZwgaVo `hZQ>da lrH¥$îU AZoH$ ê$n YmaU H$aZo‘| g‘W© h¡.

OJV²H$s A{^ZoÌr `m A{^ZoVm ^r AZoH$ ê$n YmaU H$aVo hr h¢. EVXW©CÝh| AnZm Amhm © (make up) ~XbZm n‹S>Vm h¡. na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUnaÝVw gm‘mÝ` ZQ> `m A{^ZoVm Zht dh Vmo ZQ>da h¢. CÝh| AX²^wV `mà{VXe©H$Xe©Zr` {ZË`ZyVZ ê$n YmaU H$aZoH$mo H$^r J«rZê$‘‘| ‘oH$An ~XbZoOmZoH$s Anojm Zht ahVr. dh Vmo h‘mao öX`H$mo hr J«rZê$‘ ~Zm H$a dhm§CnbãY h‘mao ^mdm|H$m AnZo ‘oH$AnHo$ ê$n‘| Cn`moJ bo boZo gd©Wm Hw$eb h¢.`{X AZoH$ Xe©H$ EH$ gmW AZoH$ ^mdm|Ho$ {dde ZQ>da lrH¥$îUH$mo {ZhmaVo hm|Vmo CZHo$ AZoH${dY ^mdm|H$mo AZwgaZo `h ZQ>da ^r EH$H$mbmdÀN>oXoZ g‘W© hmonmVm h¡ H$hmo {H$ Eogm Am¡a H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vm h¡? lrH¥$îU gM‘wM‘| ZQ>da h¢!

1Omo ‘ëb Wo do ^JdmZ²H$mo ‘ma S>mbZoHo$ Vm‘g ^mddmbo Wo. CZHo$Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n ‘ëbm|H$mo ‘mZm| AmH$me‘|go am¡Ð ê$n YmaU H$a{JaVr {~Obr O¡go lrH¥$îU bJo.

2AZoH$ gm‘mÝ` OZ ^r dhm§ CnpñWV Wo, CZHo$ ^md ‘yb‘| Vm‘g hmoZona^r Hw$N> amOgVmH$m a§J {b o hþdo Wo, AV… CZHo$ Eogo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñd^mdHo$AZwê$n CÝh| JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z {dñ‘`OZH$ Agm‘mÝ` nwéfHo$ ê$n‘| hþdo. nwéfmoÎm‘H$monwéf ‘mZm `h Vm‘g ñd^md Wm naÝVw amOg ^mdgo {MÎmHo$ MÄMb hmoZoHo$H$maU dh Agm‘mÝ` ZQ>da bJo. dñVwV… Vmo `h ZQ>da ^JdmZ²H$m hr EH$AX² wV ZmQ>Z Wm

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3dhm§ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ñd^mddmbr AZoH$ pñÌ`m± ^r Xe©ZmoËH$ÊR>m öX`‘|g§Omo o EH${ÌV hþ r± Wr. do Vm‘gm|‘| Hw$N> loð> Eogo Vm‘g-gmpÎdH$ ñd^mddmbrWr. AV… CZHo$ gmpÎdH$ A§eHo$ H$maU CÝh| ^JdmZ²‘| ñZoh OmJm naÝVw Vm‘gA§eHo$ H$maU dh ñZoh nwZ… H$m‘^mdgo CnaŠV ~Z J`m, {ZîH$m‘ Z ah nm`mEogr pñÌ`m|H$mo CZHo$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n ^JdmZ² H$m‘^mdHo$ A{YîR>mVm H$m‘XodO¡go {XIbm`r {X o. e§H$aHo$ Ûmam ^ñ‘gmV² {H$ o OmZona H$m‘Xod Vmo AZ§J ~ZJ o na ^JdmZ Vmo gdmªJgwÝXa H$m‘Xodgo ^r A{YH$ H$‘Zr` bJo, AV…H$m‘^mdmpË‘H$m a{Vê$n ñWm`r ^mddmbm e¥§Jmaag àH$Q> hmo J`m.

4Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW CZHo$ gIm Jmon~mbH$ ^r d«Ogo ‘Wwam Am o Wo.^JdÝ‘¡Ìrde CZHo$ ñd^md AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ~Z J o Wo. ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~mao‘| CZH$mg»`^md d¡go Vmo amOg Wm; na, gmW-gmW Hw$N> Vm‘gVm ^r dhm§ PbH$VrWr, AV… {d{MÌ doe‘| EH$ AX²^wV N>Q>mHo$ gmW AnZo gImH$mo Xa~mara§J y{‘‘| àdoe H$aVo {ZaI H$a Jmon~mbH$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~mao‘| nañna Cnhmg H$aZobJo. AV… ^JdmZ²H$s hmñ`agmË‘H$Vm CZHo$ {‘Ìm|Ho$ ~rM àH$Q> hmo J`r

5Omo amOnwéf dhm§ EH${ÌV hþdo Wo CZHo$ ñd^md AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Wo; na, CZHo$^JdmZ²Ho$ ~mao‘| ^md amOg-amOg Wo, AV… AnZo ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n ^JdmZ²H$moXoI H$a CZHo$ ^rVa draOZmo{MV wÕmoËgmh C^am. `{X do amOg-gmpÎdH$^mddmbo hmoVo Vmo CZHo$ ^rVa ^JdmZ²H$m nj bo H$a b‹S>-{ ‹S>ZoH$m CËgmhàH$Q> hmo OmVm; na, XwîQ> amOg-amOg^mdHo$ H$maU CÝh| ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW wÕH$aZoH$m CËgmh ~‹T> J`m. CÝhm|Zo O~ Wmo‹S>o-~hmoV gmdYmZ hmo H$a ^JdmZ²H$mo{Zhmam V~ XwîQ>X‘Z H$aZodmbo EH$ g‘«mQ> O¡go ^JdmZ² {XIbm`r {X o gmoAÝV‘| CZH$m CËgmh R>§S>m n‹S> J`m. EVmdVm ^JdmZ²H$s draagmË‘H$Vm {gÕhþB©.

6^JdmZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm XodH$s-dgwXodHo$ öX`‘| H$éUagH$m gmJa N>bH$ZoHo$H$Jma VH$ nhþ§M J`m. do r AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ñd^mddmbo Wo; na, ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~mao‘|CZH$m ^md amOg-gmpÎdH$ Wm. gmpÎdH$VmHo$ H$maU CZ‘| dmËgë`^md C^amAm¡a amOgVmHo$ H$maU {MÎmHo$ MÄMb ~Z OmZogo {MÝVm‘½Z hmo OmVo Wo {H$ Bg

gwH$mo‘b ~mbH$Ho$ gmW H$ht Hw$N> AK{Q>V Z KQ> Om o ñZoh‘| A{ZîQ>H$sAme§H$m à{VnX hmoZr ghO ~mV hmoVr h¡. AV… A{ZîQ>H$s Ame§H$mgo ^JdmZ²‘|H$éU agmË‘H$VmH$s PbH$ àH$Q> hmo J`r.

7H§$gH$m ñd^md ‘wpŠV nmZo mo½` Am{YX¡{dH$ Wm, Vmo r Vm‘g AmgwamdoeHo$H$maU ^JdmZ²go S>aVo ahZoH$s CgH$s d¥{Îm ‘yb‘| gmpÎdH$^mdHo$ H$maU`mo{JOZmo{MV {MÎmH$s ^JdmZ²‘| EH$VmZVm bo nm`r AV… CgHo$ ñd^mdHo$AZwê$n Cgo ^JdmZ² gmjmV² H$mb O¡go bJo. AV… H§$gÛmam H$pënV ^`mZH$Vm^JdËñdê$n‘| EH$X‘ gmH$ma hmo J`r.

8^JdmZ²‘| ñZoh^md aIZodmbo AkmZr hmoZona ^r ^mobo-^mbo öX`Ho$ZmJ[aH$ ^r dhm§ CnpñWV Wo. CZH$m ^r ñd^md Am{YX¡{dH$ Wm. ^JdmZ²Ho$~mao‘| CZH$m ñd^md gmpÎdH$-amOgHo$ {‘lUH$m Wm. AV… gmpÎdH$ A§eHo$H$maU ^JdmZ²‘| ñZoh hmoZona ^r amOg A§eHo$ H$maU Hw$db`mnrS>Ho$ dYHo$H$maU Omo ^JdmZ²Ho$ dñÌm|na N>§Q>o hþdo aŠVHo$ XmJ-Yã~m|H$mo XoI H$a CZH$m{MÎm ½bm{Zgo ^a J`m. CÝh| bJm {H$ Omo Adga {‘bo Vmo ^JdmZ²H$mo AnZo KanYam H$a ^br^m§{V {Z‘©b Obgo ñZmZ H$am H$a gwÝXa Z o AÀN>o dñÌ Yam XoZoMmqh o. o aŠVapÄOV dñÌ Eogo Z`Zm{^am‘ ~mbH$Ho$ VZna Aemo Zr` bJVoh¢? H¡$gr {dbjU ar{Vgo ^JdmZ² ZQ>daZo ~r^Ëg agH$mo àH$Q> H$a {XIm`m?

8Hw$N> `moJr OZ ^r dhm§ nhþ§M J o Wo. CZH$m ^r ñd^md Am{YX¡{dH$ Wm.^JdmZ²‘| CZHo$ ^md gmpÎdH$-gmpÎdH$ H$mo{Q>Ho$ Wo, AV… AnZo ñd^mdHo$AZwê$n hr ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©Z hþdo. EH$ {dÚmWuH$s Vah {ZaÝVa do AnZo Ü`mZ-YmaUm Ûmam öX`‘| K‹S>r ^JdmZ²H$s ‘y{V©na `m¡{JH$ g‘m{YH$m Aä`mg H$a{MÎmH$mo EH$mJ« ~ZmZoH$mo {ZaÝVa CÚ‘erb ahVo Wo. dh ‘y{V© AmO ‘mZm| öX`go~mha hr Z àH$Q> hmo J`r, Eogm `mo{JAm|H$mo bJm. AV… `moJgmYZmHo$ `‘-{Z`‘m|Ho$ Cnm`m|go CÝh| ~mh² OJV²H$s àË oH$ dñVw‘| {dapŠV Ñ‹T> hmo J`r Wr.AmO, naÝVw, Bg ‘y{V©‘| emÝVagHo$ gmjmËH$maÛmam nwZ… ~mh² {df`‘| AZwapŠVñnpÝXV hmoZo bJr

465 466

9amOnwéfm|‘| Omo d¥pîUd§er` Wo, {OZHo$ Hw$b‘| ^JdmZ² AdVrU© hþdo, do VmoJwUmVrV ñd^mdHo$ Wo, AWm©V², do Vm‘g amOg `m gmpÎdH$ Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU BZJwUm|go AVrV ^mddmbo Wo, AV… CZHo$ ñd^mdHo$ AZwê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe©ZH$aZona {ZJw©Um ^pŠVH$m CZHo$ öX`‘| Am{d^m©d hþdm. CÝh| ^JdmZ² Ho$dbnaXodVm hr bJo

10^pŠVH$mo, ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © àñVwV à{VnmXZ‘|, 10dm§ ag ‘mZVoh¢. dh bm¡{H$H$ `m àmH¥$V JwUm|go àH$Q> hmoZodmbm ag Zht. AmR> ag-e¥§Jmago~r^Ëg VH$Ho$-bm¡{H$H$ Am¡a àH¥${V ‘| aho gmpÎdH$, amOg Am¡a Vm‘g ^mdm|Ho${d{dY {‘lUde àH$Q> hmoZodmbo ag hmoVo h¢. g^r àmH¥$V ^mdm|H$mo AÛ` dñVwHo$kmZ`moJgo X½Y H$a XoZona do ^md A^md‘| n ©d{gV hmo OmVo h¢. ’$bV…emÝVagH$m Am{d^m©d hmoVm h¡. ^pŠV Z Vmo gd© bm¡{H$H$ agm|H$m A^md `m{Z{H$ emÝVag hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z bm¡{H$H$ agm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$moB© EH$ ag hmoVr h¡. {OgöX`‘| àmH¥$V JwUm|H$m CnÐd emÝV hmo OmVm h¡, {’$a^r AmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘mHo$ ~rM ahr {Zénm{YH$ àr{V {Z^ nmVr hmo dhr öX` ^pŠVagH$s `‘wZmHo$VQ>na {dMaU H$a nmVm h¡. ^pŠV JwUmVrV öX`‘| A§Hw$[aV, nëb{dV, nwpînVAm¡a ’${bV hmoVr h¡. dh ñZoh, AmgpŠV, ì`gZ Am¡a gdm©Ë‘^mdH$s H«${‘H$AdñWmAm|‘| Ñ‹T>go Ñ‹T>V‘ hmoVr ‘mZr J`r h¡. ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ‘V‘|^pŠVag gpÀMXmZÝXê$n na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡Vñdê$n‘|gd© dZgm‘Ï © Am¡a gË`g§H$ën Ho$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoZodmbo brbmË‘H$ Û¡VH$magmË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ h¡. Bgo Ho$db ~«÷Ho$ VÎdkmZ m ~«÷mÛ¡VH$s AnamojmZw y{VHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam Zht OmVm h¡. Cg ~«÷mÛ¡VmZw y{VH$mo Vmo emÝVagê$n ~«÷kmZH$snamH$mîR>m ‘mZr OmVr h¡. AÛ¡Vê$n gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$s AnZo AmË‘¡Š`‘|Aa{VOÝ` AmË‘ÛoYmnmXZê$nm brbmHo$ à{V r g§doXZerbVmHo$ gwÑ‹T> gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohmË‘H$ àH$f©H$mo ^pŠVV`m ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡ :

""^pŠVñdê$n‘² Amh "‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>…gd©Vmo{YH$… ñZohmo ^pŠV… B{V àmoŠV… V`m ‘wpŠV… ZM AÝ`Wm'ñZohmo ^pŠV…, "a{V… Xodm{X{df{`Ur ^md… B{V A{^Yr`Vo'.a{V…=ñZohmo XodËd§=‘mhmËå`§ VX² AmË‘ËdoZ kmVo ^d{V. VoZ

^OZmW©‘od AmË‘ËdoZ VpÝZê$nU§ ‘mhmËå`§ M CÀ`Vo...AkmZm{XXmofm^mdm` ‘mhmËå`ÄM gwÑT>ñZohm` AmË‘ËdÄMAmh.''

(V.Xr.{Z.à.42).

{à`V‘ Am¡a ào‘r Ho$ Û¡Vna Adbpå~V hmoZodmbr bm¡{H$H$ a{V ñd‘ybH$A oXmZwgÝYmZê$n hmoVr h¡. AVEd AdVmadmXmdbrH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrH$hVo h¢ :

""^ŠË`W©‘od ^mJdVg§{hVmàU`ZH$WmZmV² VÌà{VnmÚ‘mZñ` ^mJdVagñ` ^pŠVê$nVm`mEd {gÕo[a{V.AVEd e¥§JmamX² {^ÝZV`m AZw y VEd a{gH¡$…. `Îmw e¥§Jmañ ¡dÛmd{n AdñWm oXm¡ g§ moJmo {dàbå^… M B{V gd£… CÀ`Vo VÎmwA{dMm[aVa‘Ur`‘od, ‘mÌm{Xîd{nA{Z{fÕg§`moJgwI{dàbå^`mo… CnbãYo…. dñVwVñVw a{Va{nñZoh{deofEd. Ed§ g{V e¥§Jmañ ¡d agËd§ Z Ho$db§ ñZohñ` BË`Ì{d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV² VXw `mo… nmW©Š oZ agËd§ ñdrH$m ©‘². VWmMZm{`H$m`m§ Zm`H$ñ` Vpñ‘Z² M Vñ`m… `m a{V… gm e¥§Jma….‘mÌmXrZm§ nwÌmXm¡ Vofm§ M Vofw `m a{V… g Ho$db ñZohag… B{V{gÕ‘². ^JdX²{df{`H$m`m… {Zénm{YH$m`m… {Û{dYm`mA{naVo… Abm¡{H$H$ËdoZ ‘w»`agê$nËd§, "agmo d¡ g…' B{V lwVo… JdVmoagê$nËdmV². bm¡{H$H$ñ`Vw Cnm{YOÝ`ËdmX² Am^mgËd§ ko`‘².VoZ ^pŠVagñ` Voä`mo A{V[aŠVËd§ {ZîàË yh‘².''

(^pŠVagËddmX).

^mdmW© : ^ŠË`W© hr ^mJdVg§{hVmH$m àU`Z ‘mÝ` hmoZoHo$ H$maU VWm^mJdVagHo$ ^pŠVê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^pŠV e¥§Jmam{Xgo {^ÝZ ag h¡. g§ moJ Am¡a{d`moJ ^r Ho$db e¥§JmaagHo$ hr Xmo Xb hm| Eogm Zht. dñVwV… Vmo o ñZohHo$ XmoXb h¢. ‘yb‘| Vmo e¥§JmampË‘H$m a{V ^r ñZohH$m hr EH$ AÝ`V‘ ê$n hmoVr h¡.AWm©V² Zm`H$-Zm{`H$mHo$ ~rM ñZoh e¥§JmampË‘H$m a{V H$hbmVr h¡ naÝVw ‘mVm-

467 468

{nVm Am{XH$s nwÌm{X‘| a{V Ae¥§JmampË‘H$m a{V hmoVr h¡. ^JdX²{df{`Ure¥§JmampË‘H$m dmËgë`mpË‘H$m `m AmË‘na‘mË‘^mdmpË‘H$m a{V {Zénm{YH$hmoZoHo$ H$maU Abm¡{H$H$ hmoVr h¡. AWm©V² na‘mË‘mHo$ ~mao‘| àm{U‘mÌH$m ñZoh `ma{V AkmZde gmonm{YH$ hmoZona ^r VÎdV… {Zénm{YH$ hr hmoVr h¡. bm¡{H$H${df` `m ì`pŠVAm| Ho$ ~mao‘| ñZoh AkmZde {Zénm{YH$ bJVm hmoZona ^rVÎdV… {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${VHo$ JwUm|H$s Cnm{Ygo à wŠV hr hmoVm h¡. ^JdÐ{V^JdXZwJ«hOÝ` hmoZona ^JdmZ²H$s AmË‘a{VH$m hr brbm{dñVma hmoZogoàmH¥$VJwUm|H$s Cnm{Ygo a{hV ‘mZr J`r h¡.

y{‘Ho$ D$d©am hmoZona ^r `{X ~rOmdmnZ Z {H$`m Om o Vmo YmÝ` `m ’$bCJ Zht nmVo. Bgr Vah, JwUmVrV öX`‘| ^r Omo ^JdmZ² ñd §Ho$ AZwJ«hHo$~rOH$m dmnZ Z H$a| Vmo ^pŠVag ^JdËñZohHo$ ê$n‘| A§Hw$[aV Zht hmo nmVm h¡.Ho$db emÝVag`wŠV öX` àm`… {~Z ~mo`o IoV O¡gm hmoVm h¡. AV… Ohm§emÝVagH$s gr‘m g‘mßV hmoVr h¡ dhm§go ^pŠVagH$s gr‘mH$m àmaå^ hmoVm h¡

EVXW© h‘| {d{dY agm|H$m àmW{‘H$ dJuH$aU g‘P boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm:emÝV ag - - AemÝV ag

Bg‘| Omo AemÝVagH$m dJ© h¡ CgHo$ nwZ… Cn oXê$n ag nydm}ŠV AmR> `m|hmo OmVo h¢ : 1e¥§Jma 2hmñ` 3~r^Ëg 4^`mZH$ 5am¡Ð 6H$éU 7AX² wV Am¡a 8dra.BZ {d{dY agm|Ho$ ñWm`r ^mdm|na Ñ{ï> H$aZona h‘ g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ AmR>m|Ho$AmR> ag EH$XyOogo {dnarV ñd^mddmbo h¢ :

AmR>m| agm|Ho$ ñWm`r ^md nañna {dnarV hmoZona ^r AemÝVê$n hmoZm CZg^rH$m EH$ gm‘mÝ` ñd^md h¡. e¥§Jma dra hmñ` Am¡a AX² wV agm|go n¡Xm hmoVrAempÝV gwIê$nm AempÝV hmoVr h¢, AV… do gwIàX hmo OmVr h¢. H$éU am¡Ð^`mZH$ Am¡a ~r^Ëg agm|Ho$ H$maU hmoVr AempÝV Xw…IàX hmoVr h¢. emÝVag‘|BZ AmR>m| agm|‘| Ho$ H$moB© ^r AemÝV ^mdm|go n¡Xm hmoVr {df‘Vm ‘Z‘| ah ZhtOmVr. H$éUagH$m Xw…IX emoH$, AX² wV Am¡a hmñ` agm|Ho$ gwIX {dñ‘` `mhmg, ^`mZH$ag‘| AZw yV hmoVm {MÝVmOZH$ ^`, am¡Ðag‘| àH$Q> hmoVo amof `mÛof, e¥§Jmaag‘| AZw yV hmoVm AZwamJ Am¡a draag‘| eÌwH$mo nam{OV H$aZoH$sXwX©‘ H$m‘Zmgo CX² yV CËgmh, emÝVag‘| ah Zht nmVo. AV… "emÝVag' eãX{dYmZmË‘H$ hmoZona ^r bmoH$Ñï>çm CgH$m ñWm`r ^md {Zd}X ZH$mamË‘H$ hmoVmh¡. Bgr Vah AmR> agm|H$mo "AemÝV' H$hZona "AemÝV' eãX ZH$mamË‘H$ hmoZona^r CgH$m ^md {dYmZmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡.

Z `Ì Xw…I§ Z gwI§ Z {MÝVm Z ÛofamJm¡ ZM H$m{MX² BÀN>m&ag… g… emÝV… H${WVmo ‘wZrÝС… gd}fw ^mdofw e‘… àYmZ…&&(gm{h.Xn©.3&230)

AWm©V² gmYmaU bm¡{H$H$ ÑpîQ>go XoIZona emÝVagHo$ a{gH$ Am¡a Aa{gH$Ho$ ~rM AÝVa g‘PZm Oam H${R>Z H$m‘ h¡. AmË‘kmZrH$mo {‘bVo {ZOmZÝX,Aja~«÷-kmZrH$mo {‘bVo ~«÷mZÝXgo An[a{MV ‘Zwî` dmñV{dH$V`m H$^remÝV agH$m nyU© AmZÝX bo Zht nmVm. emÝV ag‘| ahZodmbr ‘ñVr A{Ve`gyú‘, A‘yV©, A‘¥V, ñWm`r Am¡a Aì`ŠV hmoVr h¡. O~{H$ Xygao AmR> agm|‘|ahZodmbr ‘ñVr ñWyb, ‘yV©, ‘Ë ©, m`r Am¡a ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡ … ""Ûo dmd ~«÷Umoê$no ‘yVª M¡d A‘yVª M, ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M, pñWV§ M `V² M, gV² M Ë § M''(`Wmnyd©). AV… emÝVag‘| AÛ¡V^mdH$s à‘wIVm hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ AÝ` AmR>agm|‘| Û¡V^mdH$s à‘wIVm hmoVr h¡. gmJaHo$ Vb‘| ahVr pñWaVm O¡gr pñWaVmemÝVag‘| ahVr h¡. O~{H$ gmJaHo$ D$nar gVhna CR>Vr MÄMb bhoam|H$s O¡grApñWaVm Xygao AmR> agm|‘| ahVr h¡. AmYw{ZH$ Á`mo{V{d©kmZ (Solar Astronomy)

‘| gy ©Ho$ O¡gr Ho$ÝÐr` pñW{V emÝVagH$s ‘mÝ` H$aZr Mm{h o. emÝVag g^ragm|Ho$ Ho$ÝБ| AdpñWV h¡. O¡go gy ©{nÊS>Ho$ MVw{X©H²$ ZdJ«h n[a «‘U H$aVo h¢.

a{V(e¥“ma)CËgmh (dra)

{dñ‘`(AØþV)

emoH$ (H$éU)am¡Ð

^` (^`mZH$)

hmñ` (hmñ`)

OwJwßgm(~r^Ëg)

469 470

Eogo hr Ad{eï> g^r ag emÝVagHo$ MVw{X©H²$ «‘U H$aVo h¢. AVEd {H$gr ^ragHo$ Ma‘moËH$f© (Climax) ‘| EH$ Aì`ŠV empÝV {‘bVr h¡. gm¡a‘§S>bH$semÝV agH$mo Ho$ÝБ| aI H$a n[aH«$‘m H$aZodmbo Zd agm|H$mo AYpíM{ÌV AmH¥${VÛmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ :

Zd J«hm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V AnZo gm¡a n[admaH$mo OmZ nm o Am¡a CZH$m AmZÝX bonm o Eogr Ordg¥pîQ> Ho$db n¥Ïdrna gå^d h¡. H$maU CgH$m `hr h¡ {H$ Omo J«hn¥ÏdrH$s VwbZm‘| gy ©Ho$ A{YH$ {ZH$Q> h¢, O¡go{H$ ~wY Am¡a ewH«$ CZH$s gVhnaVmn‘mZ BVZm A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ OrdZH$s gå^mdZm Ob-~b OmVr h¡. BgrVah Omo J«h n¥ÏdrH$s VwbZm‘| gy ©go A{YH$ Xya hmoVo h¢ CZ J«hm|na n¥Ïdr O¡goOrdZH$s gå^mdZm {R>Rw>a OmVr h¡.

Bg {MÌmoXmhaUHo$ AmYmana g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ^pŠVagÛmam agn[admaHo$ àË oH$ ^mdm|H$s D${‘©Am|H$mo OmZm Am¡a CZH$m AmZÝX {b`m Om gH$Vmh¡. ^pŠV^mdmo{MV EopÀN>H$ Û¡Vgo Amoa AmJo ~‹T>ZoH$s bmbgm‘| AemÝVagm|H$sn[a{YH$s Amoa ~mha ‘ZHo$ q’$H$Vo OmZona Vmo AÝV‘| CZ AemÝVagm|go ^rAmZÝX bo nmZoH$s ‘Z…empÝV Zï> hmo H$a Û¡VHo$ {H$gr {R>Rw>am XoZodmbo N>moana‘ZH$mo O‹S>r yV ~Zm XoVr h¢. Bgr Vah n¥ÏdrgÑe ^pŠVag‘| {‘bVo emÝVaggoA{YH$ empÝVH$s H$m‘ZmHo$ de Ho$ÝÐmoÝ‘wIr ‘Zmod¥{ÎmHo$ à~b hmoZona ^ragmZw y{V AeŠ` ~Z OmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ OrdZmo{MV Û¡VH$s gå^mdZmAm|H$moAnZo Vmngo Ja‘mVo-Ja‘mVo AÝV‘| nyU© Ho$ÝÐmoÝ‘wpIVm gy ©Ho$ Vmn‘mZ‘| VX² mdmnÝZ~Zm H$a VX²{dbrZ ~Zm XoVr h¢. AÝV‘| emÝVagmË‘H$ hmo H$a emÝVagH$m ^rAmZÝX CR>m nmZo‘| OrdH$mo Ag‘W© ~Zm XoVr h¢. AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$^pŠVagHo$ Ûmam g^r ag^mdm|H$m AmZÝX {b`m Om gH$Vm h¡. {’$a^r ^pŠVagemÝV Am¡a AemÝV, Zm¡Ho$ Zm¢ agm|go {dbjU Am¡a EH$‘mÌ Ord§V ag h¡. AV…CgH$s VwbZm gm¡a‘ÊS>b‘| H$s n¥Ïdr gmW H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. dh Z A{V-CîUh¡ Am¡a Z A{V-erVb h¡, `m Z A{VÛ¡VK{Q>V h¡ `m Z A{V-AÛ¡VK{Q>V.

mJdVH$maHo$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma Eogm pŠVag d¥pîUd§eHo$ amOnwéfm|H$mo lrH¥$îUHo$AdVmaH$mb‘| AZw yV hþdm Wm ""d¥îUrZm§ naXodVo{V {d{XVmo a“§JV… gmJ«O…''(`Wmnyd©). na‘XodH$mo éîQ> {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡, na‘Xodgo S>am Om gH$Vm h¡,na‘XodH$mo ^Om Om gH$Vm h¡, na‘XodHo$ H$mÝVê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoZona H$m‘mpË‘H$ma{V {Z^m`r Om gH$Vr h¡, na‘XodH$m g»`^mdde Cnhmg {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡, na‘XodH$mo wÕ‘| ham`m ^r Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh aUN>mo‹S>am` ~Z H$a ^mJI‹S>m hmo, CgHo$ gmW b‹S>o {~Zm nam{OV ^r hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡, na‘XodH$moAnZoÛmam bm{bV-nm{bV Aghm` ~mbH$ ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, Bg Vah {H${ZaÝVa CgH$s ajm H¡$go H$a nm | Eogo ‘Zmo mdgo gXm CÛoJdemV² H$éUmerb~Zm Om gH$Vm h¡, `{X dh na‘Xod AnZm ‘brZ Aew{Mê$n àH$Q> H$ao Vmo{ZíN>b ào‘^md{dde hmo H$a ñdÀN>-ewÕ ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡, na‘XodHo$ Eogona‘ ‘mhmËå`H$mo OmZ `m XoI H$a {dpñ‘V hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡, na‘XodH$mo AnZrAmË‘m‘| {Zdmg H$aZodmbm na‘mË‘m ‘mZ H$a AÝVamË‘m‘| emÝV-EH$mÝV^mdde Ü`mZ bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Eogr hmoVr h¡ na‘XodH$s na‘Vm. AV… g^r

emÝVag

am¡Ð^`mZH$

e¥§Jma^pŠV

hmñ`dra

H$éU~r^ËgAX²^wV

471 472

ag^mdm|H$m Ambå~Z ~ZZo dh g‘W© h¡; naÝVw, `{X Cg na‘XodH$mo yb H$aH$moB© {ZO AmË‘m‘| hr emÝV ag^mdH$m AmZÝX boZm Mmho Vmo AZmË‘mHo$ gmWàH$Q> hmoVo e¥§Jma Am{X agm|H$s ~mVm|go öX` g‘P hr Z nm o Eogo bm¡{H$H$ agm|‘|VëbrZ ~Zm ‘Z emÝVagH$m AmZÝX ^r bo Zht nmVm. AVEd emÝVagHo$ a{gH$bmoH$‘| Aa{gH$ O¡go bJVo h¢. Am¡a bm¡{H$H$ agm|Ho$ a{gH$ km{Z`m|H$mo nm‘abmJVo hmoVo h¢. Bg‘| H$m¡Z gÀMm Am¡a H$m¡Z ImoQ>m?

Cn{ZfX²Ho$ ""EVñ ¡d AmZÝXñ` AÝ`m{Z yVm{Z ‘mÌm‘² CnOrdpÝV''(~¥h.Cn.4&32) gyÌH$m ^mî` gm H$aVo hþdo ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © H$hVo h¢ :

1.""AV… ñZoh… nXmWm ©ÝVa‘². g ^JdpÝZð>Ed^JdX²{df`H$m o kmZdX² Eoíd`©dX² dm ^JdËgå~ÝYmV²VÝZ¡H$Q² >çmX² AÝ`Ìm{n ^mgVo. CîUñne©dX² `Wm-`Wm^JdÝZ¡H$Q²>ç§ VWm-VWm ñZohm{Ve`…. emarao@{n AmË‘{Z VoZgh A{VZ¡H$Q²>çmV² na‘ñZohdÎd‘². Ed‘² AÜ`mgoZ AÝ`Ì.''

2.""àr{VñVw ^JdX²Y‘m} ^JdmZ² gd}ä`mo Ordoä`… V§IÊS>e§ XÎmdmZ² gwImW©‘². AV… `Ì¡d àrUm{V VËgwI§ ^d{V.VV… ñdgwI‘od ñdñ` ^d{V B{V CŠV§ ^d{V.''

(1.gw~mo.1&19&16 2.gw~mo.2&2&7).

ì`m»`m : 1.gmao ag^mdm|H$m ‘yb h‘mar ñZoh‘`r d¥{Îm`m|‘| {Z{hV h¡. Am¡adh ñZoh Vmo AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘m‘| hr AmË‘a{Vê$n Y‘©V`m AdpñWV hmoVm h¡.Eoíd © dr © lr kmZ Am{X ^JdX²JwUm|H$s Vah hr dh ^JdmZ²Ho$ AmË‘mZÝXHo$brbm{dñVmaHo$ ê$n‘| h‘mao ^rVa ^r ^JdËgå~ÝYdemV² ^JdmZ²Ho$ {ZH$Q> h‘{H$VZo nhþ§M nmVo h¢ Cg AZwnmV‘| h‘mao ^rVa ^r àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. {OVZm H$moB©Ap½ZHo$ {ZH$Q> Om o CVZm Vmn A{YH$m{YH$ ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡. Eogo hr ^JdmZ²Ho$gmW h‘mar CÎmamoÎma A{YH$ {ZH$Q>VmHo$ H$maU h‘mao ^rVa ^r ñZoh^md d¥qÕJVhmoVm OmVm h¡. AWm©V² Ho$db {ZOXoh‘| ñZoh^mdgo A{YH$ {ZOn[adma‘|, CggoA{YH$ {ZOHw$b `m {ZO~ÝYwgImAm|‘|, Cggo A{YH$ {ZOZJa `m {ZOXoe Ho$

‘Zwî`m|‘|, Cggo A{YH$ gd©‘ZwOm|Ho$ à{V, Cggo A{YH$ gd©àm{UAm|Ho$ à{V,Cggo A{YH$ gd©O‹S>MoVZmË‘H$ OJV²Ho$ à{V, Cggo A{YH$ g‘J« ~«÷mÊS>Ho$à{V, Cggo ^r A{YH$ ~«÷Ho$ à{V àH$Q> hmoVo ñZoh‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW AË`{YH${ZH$Q>Vm hr hoVw yV hmoVr h¡. {ZOmË‘m‘| ñZoh O¡go {Zénm{YH$ hmoVm h¡ dh nwZ…na~«÷Ho$ à{V ñZohHo$ àH$Q> hmoZona {Zénm{YH$ hmo OmVm h¡. ‘Ü`dVu g^r{df`m|Ho$ à{V ñZoh^md AmË‘gå~ÝYmonm{YH$ AÜ`mghoVwH$ hmoVm h¡ {Zénm{YH$Zht. 2.""àr{V Vmo EH$ Eogm ^JdX²Y‘© h¡ {OgH$m XmZ ^JdmZ²Zo g^r Ordm|H$moIÊS>e… {H$`m h¡. Bg àr{Vê$n ^JdX²Y‘©Ho$ H$maU hr OrdmË‘mH$mo gwImZw y{Vgå^d h¡. Š`m|{H$ Omo Ord {Ogo MmhZo bJVm h¡ Cgo dhm§go gwI {‘bZo bJOmVm h¡. dñVwV… ^JdËgwI hr AÝ`mÝ` jwÐ n[a‘mUm|‘| g^rH$mo {‘b ahm h¡.

‘yb ‘wÔoH$s ~mV `hm§ `hr h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfX² ""~«÷ nwÀN>§ à{VîR>m''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&5) Omo à{VnmXZ H$a ahm h¡ Cgo gwZ H$a emÝVagHo$ a{gH$ ~«÷H$mon[anyU©VmHo$ gmW nhMmZo {~Zm hr A‘yV© A‘¥V Hy$Q>ñW Aì`ŠV Zm‘ê$nH$‘©-{dhrZ AÛ¡V {ZJw©U {Z{d©eof Aja~«÷ê$n ny§N>H$mo nH$‹S> H$a ~¡R> OmVo h¢.AÝYhpñVÝ`m`oZ ~«÷Ho$ Xygao nhbwAm|H$mo ZH$maZm MmhVo h¢ ~«÷hpñVH$s{dembVmH$mo ^br^m§{V XoI nmZoH$mo do g‘W© Zht hmo nmVo. do {Ogo ~«÷ ‘mZVoh¢ dh {‘Ï`m Zht h¡ naÝVw gmW hr gmW do ~«÷Ho$ {Og nhbwH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZVoh¢ dh dñVwV… {‘Ï`mÑpîQ> h¡.

Bg OJV²Ho$ ZmQ>H$Ho$ A{^ZoVmZo OJV²‘| AmR> à‘wI ag ì`ŠV {H$`oEVmdVm ""Aï>m¡ ZmQ²>ço agm… ñ‘¥Vm…'' (^a.ZmQ²>ç.6&15) H$s AZwlw{V Mbn‹S>r. Š`m|{H$ na‘ZQ>Zo Bg g¥pîQ>Ho$ ‘yV© ‘Ë © ApñWa ì`ŠV a§J‘§Mna AmR>agm|Ho$ à{V ‘Zwî`Ho$ öX`‘| `pËH$pÄMV² à~b ñZoh^md àH$Q> {H$`m h¡, AV…~«÷H$mo Z OmZZodmbo bm¡{H$H$ nm‘a a{gH$ AÝYhpñVÝ`m oZ A‘yV© A‘¥V Hy$Q>ñWAì`ŠV nhbwAm|‘| AZw yV hmoVo agH$mo agHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$maZ| {daV hmo OmVo h¢~«÷mpñV `m hpñV Ho$ {H$gr ^r nhbwH$m AñdrH$ma H$aZm EH$ Zht Vmo Xygarar{Vgo d¡Mm[aH$ AÝYVmH$m hr bjU h¡. AVEd Cn{ZfX² H$hVm h¡ : ""AmZÝXê$n~«÷Ho$ erf©ñWmZr` {à`Vm hmoVr h¡, ‘moX X{jU njmon‘ hmoVm h¡, à‘moXCÎma njmon‘ hmoVm h¡, gwI-Xw…I kmZmkmZ ì`ŠVmì`ŠV gË`mZ¥V

473 474

{déÕY‘m]H$m Aml` AmZÝX AmË‘ñWmZr` hm oVm h ¡,~«÷Vm=XoeH$mbñdê$nJV An[apÀN>ÝZVm nwÀN>mon‘ à{VîR>m hmoVrh¡'(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&5&). Bg dmŠ`go Cn{ZfX² ZQ>da ^JdmZ²H$s g‘J«VmH$mohr {~aXmZm MmhVm h¡ : ""gd©H$‘m©… gd©H$m‘… gd©JÝY… gd©ag… gd©‘²BX‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&4) ^pŠVag‘| ‘mhmËå` kmZHo$ A§e‘| emÝV, am¡Ð,^`mZH$ Am{X agm|H$m g§{Zdoe eŠ` h¡. Bgr Vah gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZohHo$A§e‘| e¥§Jma, hmñ`, H$éU, dra, ~r^Ëg Am¡a AX² wV agm|H$m g§{Zdoe eŠ`h¡.

^pŠVHo$ {gdm Xygar Ym{‘©H$ ‘Zmod¥{ÎmAm|‘| ñWyb‘| gyú‘H$m AmZÝX {b`mOm gH$Vm h¡; na, ^pŠV Vmo gyú‘Ho$ AmZÝX bo nmZoH$s Ho$db Y‘©gmYZm ZhtàË wV Am{YX¡{dH$ H$bm ^r h¡. gyú‘ Aì`ŠV A‘yV© gd©ì`mnr AZm{X AZÝVna‘mË‘mH$mo AnZo ^mdm|H$s N>oZrgo ñWyb ì`ŠV ‘yV© ê$noU XoeH$mb‘| K‹S>ZoH$sEH$ H$bm hr ^pŠV h¡.

~«÷H$mo Cn{ZfX² agê$noU {Zê${nV H$aVm h¡, AV… ^pŠV EH$ Eogr H$bmh¡ {H$ {OgHo$ Ûmam ~«÷ agê$noU Am{d ©yV hmoVm h¡.

^pŠVagH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îmgo ~«÷H$m AmZÝX bo nmZm, Cgo OmZ nmZm, Cg~«m{÷H$ {dñVma‘| {dMaU H$a nmZm, Cg Aì`ŠVH$mo nhMmZ H$a ‘Zng§Xgm§Mo‘| T>mb nmZm ^r eŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡ : ""O¡gr-O¡gr ~w{Õgo CgH$s{d^mdZm H$aVo h ¢ d ¡gm-d¡gm ñdê$n dh àH$Q> H$aVm h ¡''(^mJ.nwam.3&9&11).

^pŠVagHo$ d¡{eï²>çH$m gdm©{Vem`r nj Vmo `h h¡ {H$ Bg agHo$Ambå~Z{d^md Am¡a ñWm`r ^md XmoZm| g‘o{H$V ê$n‘| H$m`m©pÝdV hmoVo h¢^ŠVrVa agm|‘| ñWm{`^md Am¡a Ambå~Z{d^md Ho$ ~rM BVaoVaà wŠV ñdê$ndÎmmEH$V… OÝ`-OZH$^mdmË‘Zm AnaV… ^mdwH$-^mì`mË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. AV…

Bgo h‘ ^m{dV VmXmËå`V`m AdYm[aV H$a gH$Vo h¢. ^pŠVagHo$ ñWm{`^md,‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ gwÑT>-gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohê$n; Am¡a Ambå~Z{d^md JdËñdê$nHo$ ~rM VÎdÑï²>çm ghO VmXmËå` hmoVm h¡. ^JdX²Ñï²>çm ^m{dV VmXmËå` hmoVmh¡ naÝVw ^ŠVÑï²>çm ^JdXZwJ«hmonm{YH$ VmXmËå` ^r hmoVm h¡.

AV… "^JdmZ²' "^pŠV' Am¡a "^ŠV' VrZm| nXm|Ho$ ‘yb‘| {dÚ‘mZ"^O'YmVwdmÀ` godZ{H«$`mHo$ ‘hÎdH$mo g‘PZm Amdí`H$ h¡. `mñH$ ‘w{Z H$hVoh¢ ""^Jmo ^OVo…'' ({Zé.{ZK.1&3&7). AWm©V² Omo godZr` hmo ^OZr` hmo EogoYZ Am{XH$mo "^J' H$hm OmVm h¡. VÝÌm| Am¡a nwamUm| ‘| Eoíd © dr © `e lr kmZd¡am½` Am{X godZr` JwUm|Ho$ H$maU AmamÜ` na‘mË‘mHo$ Xodê$nH$mo "^JdmZ²'H$hm J`m h¡. Bgr Vah Bg godZmW©H$ "^O'YmVwHo$ gmW "pŠVZ²'àË`` Omo‹S>Zona"^pŠV'nX ~ZVm h¡. `m| Omo ^pŠV‘mZ² hmo Cgo "^ŠV' H$hm OmVm h¡.

`hm§ `h {ZVmÝV AdYo h¡ {H$ "gpÀMXmZÝX' nXH$m AW© h¡ : Omo gV² hmo,{Ogo AnZo hmoZoH$m ^mZ hmo Am¡a Cg ^mZ‘| AmZÝXê$nVm hmo AWm©V² Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nH¥$V n[apÀN>ÝZVmOÝ` emoH$-‘mohgo Omo AVrV hmo. na‘VÎdH$mo gpÀMXmZÝXAm¡a ~«÷ ‘mZZoH$m A{^àm` `hr h¡. AVEd AnZo Bg ê$n‘| Cg na‘VÎdH$moñdoVa{Zanoj g‘Pm OmVm h¡. Cgr na‘VÎdH$mo AZÝV emaramË‘mAm|Ho$ ^rAmË‘ê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU "na‘mË‘m' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. AV… emaramË‘gmnojna‘mË‘m hmoVm h¡. `h na‘Ëd emaramË‘mAm|H$s na‘mË‘ñdrH¥${VH$s Anojm ZhtaIVm. AV… `h VWm{dY VÎdmnojm h¡ Z{H$ VWm{dY ~moYmnojm. AV…AZrídadmXr `m ‘Zwî oVa àm{U`m|H$s ^r emaramË‘mHo$ Anoj`m dh na‘mË‘m hmogH$Vm h¡. Cg na‘VÎdH$mo, naÝVw, JdmZ² hmoZoH$mo {H$gr ŠVHo$ Ûmam JdX²JwUm|Ho$godZr` hmoZoHo$ ~moY Am¡a ñdrH¥${V H$s Anojm ahVr h¡.

AVEd pŠV hr Ambå~Z{d^mdH$mo JdmZ² ~ZmVr h¡ Am¡a ñWm{`^mddmZ²nwéfH$mo ^ŠV

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dh ^pŠV nwZ… nydm}ŠV AmZÝXHo$ {eaññWmZr` {à`ËdH$s {d^mdZm hmoZoHo$H$maU ào‘^mdê$nm hmoVr h¡. AV… {ZîH$f©V`m na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²Ho$AmamÜ` XodHo$ bmoH$‘| gmjmV² àH$Q> hmoZona Ambå~Z{d^mdOÝ` ñWm{`^mdê$nmhmoVr h¡. AÝ`Wm na~«÷ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² AmamÜ` Xodê$nHo$ ‘mhmËå`kmZmoÎmaàH$Q> hmoZodmbo ào‘^mdde AnZo AmamÜ`H$s nyd©{Zê${nV AZoH${dY m¡{VH$m^m¡{VH$‘y{V©Ho$ à{V ^pŠVag^mdde Ambå~Z{d^mdmË‘Zm ^m{dV `m Cgo àmßV H$aàH$Q> hmoZodmbo ñWm{`^mdê$nm hmoVr h¡.

‘mhmËå`kmZH$s Ñ{ï>go àmUdm wH$s Vah ^JdmZ² Vmo gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ hmoVo hrh¢. AVEd ídmgmoÀN²>dmgH$s Vah ñd`ÄMm{bV à{H«$`mdV² OrdZmYma hmoVo h¢.AV… VX²dV² hmoZona r gg§H$ën àmUm`m‘ì`mnmaH$s Vah ŠË`mË‘H$ g§H$ënnyd©H${dÚ‘mZHo$ à{V g^mZ hmoZm ^pŠVag h¡. AVEd ghO Am¡a ^m{dV C^`{dYVmXmËå` `hm§ AZwgÝYo ~Z OmVm h¡.

AVEd ^mJdVH$ma Xygao agm|H$s gd©‘mÝ` gy{M‘| ^pŠVagH$mo gmJ«hOmo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢. Bg‘| {ZJy‹T> hoVw h‘mao OrdZH$mo ^pŠVaggo ^anya ~ZmZoH$m h!¡

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