CHOKE

Control Valves

A L o n g E x p e r i e n c e i n E n e r g y E q u i p m e n t a n d o n e G o a l :

T h e C u s t o m e r ’ s Sa t i s fac t i on .

2

E N E R G Y N E E D S C O N T R O L Choke valves are required to handle some of the most demanding operating conditions:

• improved resistance to erosion due to sand and other particulate matter entrained in fluids; • pressure drops of up to 500 bar, with erosive fluid mixtures of hydrocarbon liquids and gases, sea

water and sand; • vibrations, noise and erosion of the valve body which affects its pressure resistance; • erosion of the valve trim and downstream pipework, if not designed correctly; • flows high uncontrolled velocities due to sand and solid components can result, in the fluid, shock

waves/turbulence interaction leading to dramatic noise levels and vibrations; • to accommodate significant changes in well operating conditions over time; • in addition we must take of controls the increasingly demanding and challenging enviroments

Disks stack of multistage trim, controls flowing velocities throught out the valve by forcing the process fluid to follow a tortuous path of right angle turns. The resistance to flow provided by these turns (or stages) limits the trim exit velocity to a safe level, regardless of the pressure drop. These kind of choke valves eliminates problems resulting from excessive fluid velocities such as trim and body erosion, noise, vibration and poor process control. The fluid velocities within the trim of Valvitalia choke valves are typically ⅓ to ¼ that of conventional single stage trims. Velocity control protects the trim from erosion and increases the trim life many fold. The rate of erosion has been shown to be proportional to the velocity of the fluid by the third to fifth power, which suggests that erosion rate would be reduced by eight times if the fluid velocity is reduced by half based on a proportionality to the third power.

CONVENTIONAL SINGLE STAGE VALVE VELOCITY MPL CHOKE VELOCITY CONTROL PROFILE

3

E N E R G Y N E E D S C O N T R O L MULTISTAGE DESIGN To limit fluid velocity throughout the valve trim and to drastically reduce the erosive effects of the sand, a multistage valve design uses a stack of disks, which incorporate a labyrinth path flow pattern by means of many right-angle turns in each disk. The velocity of all fluid components, solids included, is cut by at least 50% compared to single-stage plug and drilled cage designs. Being the rate of erosion proportional to fluid velocity by the third to fifth power , the erosion rate would be reduced by 10 to 30 times about. The use of tungsten carbide trim throughout, the erosive effects of the sand are minimized. In addition,long valve stroke increases rangeability and improves the controllability,so that flow set points can be maintained and the changes in operating conditions can be accommodated over time. The trims of these valves are also characterized by different design of individual disk tortuous paths. Flowrate per disk in one group is higher or lower than in a disk in another group. The benefit of this characterization lies in the ability to maintain larger distance between the plug and the seat at low flowrates ; pressure reduction within the tortuous path is therefore the same as that obtained by a throttling process through the small plug/disk annular clearance. The trim of Valvitalia choke valves have large flow passages to handle solids and dirty fluids with no risk of clogging The use of this multistage valve technology , combined with top efficient materials of construction has been absolutely successful . Valve life was proved to be up to 10 times greater than was previously experienced

4

E N E R G Y N E E D S C O N T R O L Choke Valve PART LIST

MAIN FEATURES body (angle / straight) sizes : from 1 1/2” through 10” as outlined in Cv table connections : flanged according to API and ANSI std ratings : API up to 10000 – ANSI up to 4500 bonnet joint : flanged materials : A105,AISI4130,AISI 316 -duplex – internal coating inconel 625 where necessary trim ports and travels : see Cv table trim style : multistage plug : unbalanced / balanced, seal rings protected by wiper rings stage number : up to 8 min flow passage : 25 mm 2

Item Part name

1 BODY

2 BONNET

3 STEM

4 BODY STUD

5 BODY NUT

6 BODY GASKET

7 PIN

8 CAGE

9 PLUG

10 SEAT

11 SEAT GASKET

13 PACKING FLANGE

14 PACKING STUD

15 PACKING NUT

16 PACKING FOLLOWER

30 SEAL RING

40 SEAT RING

41 SOFT INSERT

42 O-RING 2-157

43 O-RING 4487

45 CLAMPING RING

46 STEM CONNECTOR

47 SCREW

80 DISK ASSEMBLY

5

E N E R G Y N E E D S C O N T R O L flow characteristic : modified linear, linear, modified equal flow direction : to close materials : disk stack and seat insert = tungsten carbide plug = tungsten carbide or 316 stellited stem = 17-4-PH or XM19 actuators pneumatic diaphragm or piston, electric , handwheel operator All the accessories for a reliable and safe operation of the process are available SIZES AND CAPACITY

Trim size

Body sizes Seat diameter (mm) Travel (mm)

Rated Cv

MPL trim Variable MPL trim

1” 1 1/2”, 2”, 3” 23 50 14 18 1,5” 2” , 3”, 4” 30 60 22 50 2” 3” , 4” , 5” 40 60 25 78

2,5” 4” , 5 , 6” 65 80 32 100 3” 5” , 6” , 8” 70 80 70 145 4” 6” , 8”, 10” 90 120 80 235 5” 6” , 8”, 10" 130 120 105 300

Sizing factors MPL trim

FL 0,96 0,97

xT 0,87 0,91

xFZ 0,78 0,92

Fd 0,04 0,04

- Different Cv available for numbers of stages / turns of the trim MPL and Variable MPL trim

6

E N E R G Y N E E D S C O N T R O L -

VALVITALIA S.p.A. Headquarter: Via Tortona ,69 - 27055 Rivanazzano (PV) Italy Ph: +39.0383.945911 Fax: +39.0383.9459962 Email: info@valvitalia.com

Busto Arsizio (VA) Office VALVITALIA S.p.A. – CONTROL VALVES DIVISION Via Mazzini, 30 - 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA) Italy Ph: +39.0331.620692 Fax: +39.0331.302671 Email: info.tgt@valvitalia.com

Padova Plant VALVITALIA S.p.A. - SYSTEMS DIVISION Via Campolongo, 97 - 35020 Due Carrare (PD) Italy Ph: +39.049.9199611 Fax: +39.049.9125455 Email: info.tgt@valvitalia.com Vicenza Plant VALVITALIA S.p.A. - VITAS DIVISION VITAS Plant: Via Soastene, 24 36041 Brendola (VI) VITAS Offices: Via Olmo, 31/33 36077 Altavilla Vicentina (VI) Italy Ph: +39.0444.749111 Fax: +39.0444.401498 Email: info.vitas@valvitalia.com Piacenza Plant TECNOFORGE S.p.A. Via Emilia Pavese, 38 - 29015 CastelSanGiovanni (PC) Italy Ph: +39.0523.889811 Fax: +39.0523.889895 Email: tecfor@tecfor.it Internet: www.tecnoforge.com Arena Plant TECNOFORGE S.p.A. Via Stazione, 20 - 27040 Arena Po (PV) Italy Ph: +39.0385.70341 Fax: +39.0385.70450 Email: tecfor@tecfor.it Internet: www.tecnoforge.com China Plant VALVITALIA CHINA VALVES CO.LTD. (Suzhou) Wujiang Econimic Development Zone - Jiangshu Province - China Ph: +86.512.85160128 Fax: +86.512.85160129 Email: info.china@valvitalia.com

T h e C u s t o m e r ’ s Sa t i s fac t i on .

Rev.0