Vanja Stanišić - Egejska pismenost i njeni dogrčki koreni

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Članak Vanje Stanišića, profesora Filološkog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, o egejskoj pismenosti.

Citation preview

  • !"#$%&"'$' ()*+, - ." /"-+-+01" /)1 -'$'

    /"-+-+23)4+5"4 &) ,$&"1, 1*"6$#!+4' " 1 -' %

    II/2010

  • 182

    !7 89:;7;:F>G=?7 89: F. :., = :8EH> 97F: I9EF-A= I>;7 G: JALE9:F7 F7GJA79>G7 D9M7L7 = $L9E8>. AE L9:?: F7JA7G: > DE?7B7 K9>AJK7 8>J-?:FEJA F7 EJFEL= ?:JF: 8>KAEC97N>G:. C97N>OKE? 8EC;:D=, EL7 8>J?:FEJA J?:FEJA>?7 AEC7 DEI7. +JA9LE 19>A J: F7;7;E F7 J7?EG C97F>P> A7D7QR:C K=;A=9FEC JL:-A7, J KEG>? G:, >F7O:, >?7;E M>L: A9CE-L7OK: EDFEJ:, = 89LE? 9:D= J $C>8AE? > 57;:JA>FE?. '>?: J: > EIG7QR7L7 8EG7L7 EJEI:F: P9A:MF: 8>J?:FEJA> F7 19>A=, KEG7 F: 8EK7OK: L:? D9:LF>? 8>J?:FEJA>?7 (;>JKEC >JAEK7. 59L> 89E=O7L7;7P EL: 8>J?:FEJA>, :FC;:JK> 79H:E;EC )9A=9 $L7FJ (). Evans 1851S1941), F7

  • 183

    G7D7 > +D>J:G7, O>G7 JA79EJA J:M: = 8S7 L. 89: F.:. X:Q>N9EL7R:? ;>F:797 ( >JAE9>G7 C9OKEC G:K7 8E?:9:F7 G: A> :8E-L> 89:JA7;7 G: D7 I=D: J7?E ;:C:FD7.

    -0123456780 92:0747 ;. '9> J= ?EC=BFEJA> K797KA:9>JA>OF: N9EL7F7 8>J?7: 1) G:K ?EM: I>A> 97L, 7;> G: F:8EJ?E K7E QAE G: I>E J;=O7G J7 JA79E8:9J>GJK>? K;>FE 8>JE? KEG> G: 8EJA7E J7JL>? 97L >D:FA>N>KEL7R:? ;>OF>H >?: F7 = R:?=; 2) 8>J?:FEJA ?EM: I>A> 8EJ?7 KEG: G: I;>JKE C9OKE? > A7, 7;> F: > D7 J: 97L:F G:K KEG> I> I>E I;>FEGJK>? 8>J?E?. +;7KQ7L7G=B7 EKE;FEJA 89>

    1 U7GK; #:FA9>J (Michael Ventris, 1922S1956) I>E G: :FC;:JK> 79H>A:KA > JA97JF> 89E=-O7L7;7P K9>AJKE-?>K:FJK: :8>C97N>K:. %7D>E G: 8E?EB= J;ECELF>H ?7A9>P7 7?:-9>OK: ?7A:?7A>O79K: );>J: 1EI:9 (A. Kober, 1906S1950), A7KE@: JA97JFo 8EJL:-B:F: :C:GJKEG 8>J?:FEJA>. *:F J>JA:? G: E?EC=B>E D7 J: 89EF>KF: = F7O>F ALE9I: ?>FEGJK>H 9:O>, D7 J: > > 97JL:A;> O>R:F>P7 D7 G: 9:O E G:K= N;:KA>LF:, >FDE:L9E8JK: JA9=KA=9:. " DEK G: );>J7 1EI:9 97FE 89:?>F=;7, F: DEO:K7LQ> EDCELE9, U7GK; #:FA9>J K7E D7 G: M>L:E J7?E D7 I> 9:Q>E A7GF= EL: 8>J-?:FEJA> 8EC>F=E G: = J7EI97B7GFEG F:J9:-B> O:A>9> CED>F: 8EJ;: JLEC7 EAK9>B7.

    D:Q>N9EL7R= ;>F:797 ( I>;7 G: A7 QAE G: E8QA> J7D9M7G A7I;>P7 I>E G7J7F >7KE F>G: I>E 8EP: 89:DJA7LT7G= >FL:FA79F: J8>JKEL: > K7A7;EC: J L:E?7 89EJA>? J>JA:?E? I9EG:L7 > ?:97 8E D:J:A:9>OFE? J>JA:?=, =< KEG: JAEG: P9A:M> EDCEL797G=B>H 8EG?EL7:

    #:;>K> I9EG EJA7;>H E G: JA>;> =K7L7E F7 AE D7 G: 9:O E J;ECELF>? ?7. 2;7LF7 89:89:K7 JL>? 89E=O7L7EP>?7 ?>FEG-JKEC 8>J?7 I>;7 G: A7 QAE = R:?= F>J= EO:K>L7;> D7 L>D: C9OK> G:K. 47? #:F-A9>J F:89:JA7FE G: 8EK=Q7L7E D7 EAK9>G: L:? G:KE?. U:@=A>?, K7KE G: ?E9NE;EQK7 JA9=KA=97 G:K7 I> L7 ;7 G7JF>G7, JL: J: L>Q: EAK9>L7E R:CEL N;:KA>LF> >FDE:L9E8JK> K797K-A:9. #:;>K7 =O:JA7;EJA 8EG:D>F>H ;7 8ED:;= C;7JEL7 F7 J7?EC;7JF>K: > J=C;7JF>K:. !7GO:QB> JK=8 GEQ =L:K F:89EA=?7O:F>H J: J9:A7E F7 K97G= 9:O>, D>JA9>I=-P>EFE G: 8EDJ:B7E F7 C9OK> J=N>KJ -Z[\, QAE G: 89>F=D>;E #:FA9>J7 D7, >7KE =< DEJA7 J=?R:, >87K 89EL:9> C9OK> G:K F7 JLEGEG =J;ELFEG J;ECELFEG ?9:M>. *:CEL7 DL7D:J:A7 97DF7 I:;:QK7 EK7-97KA:9>J7F7 K7E ;7KE?>J;:FE =D7T7-L7R: ED 8EJ;7 J 97DF>? F7J;ELE? !>J= ;> KFEJK: > 8>;EJK: A7I;>P: F78>J7F: F7 C9OKE?? =D79>;7 G: EJFEL: ?>K:FE-;EC>G>.

    '7KE G: =AL9@:FE D7 G: C9OK> G:K G:D7F ED F7GJA79>G>H J7F>H >FDE:-L9E8JK>H G:K7 > D7 G:, 8E8=A K>F:JKEC, G:D7F ED F7JA79>G>H M>L>H G:K7 F7 JL:-A=. UFEC> L:E?7 L7MF> 8ED7P> >< C9OK: 89EQ;EJA>, KEG> J= DEA7D 8EJAEG7;> J7?E = A=@>? >?7, >;> = J8>J>?7 8EH C9OK>H >JAE9>O797, 8EAL9@:F> J= D:Q>N9EL7R:? ;>F:797 (. U:@= F7GG>? G:, JL7K7KE, >?: K9>AJKE-

  • 184

    ?>K:FJK>H 29K7 )H7GP>. Y:A>AJK> J8E-?:F>P> >< 14S13. L:K7 89: F.:. ?:@= F7G? D9M7L7?7 A7D7QR:C JL:A7 J8E?>R= D9M7L= .'!$047, R:FEC7 CEJ8ED797 .30)!->! $0>0, O>G: >?: 8EDJ:B7 F7 8EK:FJKEC P797 .3)($0 ( ]^Z_\), EJF>-L7O7 F7GG: 7H7GJK: D>F7JA>G: )A9>D7. Y:A>AJK> 8ED7A7K 8EAL9@:F G: >?:FE? A-ka-wi-ya-de = KFEJK>? A7I;>-P7?7 (*Akhaiwia n-de = `ab/ /cd )H7G-P>) (4).

    !47320?2OK> J>JA:? ;>F:797 ( F: EDCEL797 JA9=KA=9> C9OKEC G:K7. "< R:C7 J: J7?E F79: G:K KEG>? J: JAL79-FE CELE9>;E. 4L> J;ECEL> J= EALE 9:F>, J=C;7JF>P> r, l, m, n, s F: EI:;: M7L7G= J: F7 K97G= 9:O> >;> J;EC7. !: 97K=G= J: J=C;7JF>P> 8E F> J7?EC;7J-F>P> 8E D=M>F>, DEK J: D>NAEF EI:;:M7L7G= F:DEJ;:DFE. "JA: P9A: >?7 > K>879JKE J;ECELFE 8>J?E.

    5>J?E >?7 G:DFEJA7LF= J;ECELF= JA9=KA=9= (V)CV. "JKT=O:F> J= G:D>FE J8EG:L> J9EDF>H L9:DFEJA>, KEG: J: EO>-C;:DFE F>J= DELETFE 97KEL7;: *ji [i i], *qu [k!u], *wu [u u], K7E > J8EG 7N9>-K7A: z [d "z] J EL>? L>JEK>? LEK7;>?7.

    i-qo (*/h/ikkwos)!""#$, %&'. !((#$)&*

    a-ko-so-ne (*aksones)+,-./$&0/&123/4

    de-re-u-ko (*dleukos)56/7(#$89:%& 123&

    tu-ka-te (*thugater);?@)A2

    pa-ka-na (*phasgana)B&8. C=D5E.#.8:F412

    ko-wo (*koru os)(G@#$, (#7@#$%4F:), 89:%2A

    wa-na-ka (*u anak) ( )+.E,H:I&14%32)

    ku-na-ja5J.EK#$L430)2

    a3-ku-pi-ti-jo

    (*aiguptios) EM5J">K#$4N2I:O0)2

    5E9:D EI>OF>H J>;7IEC97?7, 8E-JAEG: > L79>G7FAF> , JLEG:L9JF: JK97B: F>P: = NAEFQK>H J8EG:L7 >;> J=C;7JF>OK>H C9=87:

    ?060 @30"!>!A

  • 185

    5EJAEG> > F:KE;>KE L:H ?EFE-C97?7:

    tu-ro2 (>D:EC97?> ELD: 89:DJA7LT7G= J7?E 79H7>OFE F7J;:@:, >87K J= GEQ =L:K O=L7;> F:K: E8QA: ED;>K: >D:EC97N>G:. '7KE J=, F89., >JAE K7E > = D9=C>? P9A:M-F>? 8>J?:FEJA>?7, K9>AJK> >D:EC97?> DED7L7R:? D>G7K9> A>OK>H E D7 89E?:F: JLEG: EJFELFE EI:;:M7L7R= ?EP>G: 9E-D7 KED 8EG:D>F>H M>LEA>R7. +JFELF> >D:EC97? 89:DJA7 LT7 EP: EI>OFE EK7;FE? M:FK=:

    012*: 14I:' I':02\: &1\: &1:3

    &1\:%&]2V:

    N&14%& T2) )':1:

    ! "#$%&%"'( )*)+'"# ,-'.*,)/ 0'-"%#-# 1 ' ,'2#-*,)/ *0)/)$")/ 2'*3# $'&' *% *4 '( #(#5*,' 6-7' "#*0%&'0' )& *.#-'5%/ &)/-8,)/ *.#")$"'9.$# :'")5#7# '0' ;.%),-'

  • 186

    !"#7'

    ,-'.*,%

    ('5%-)

    -/0'J',%

    0'"%#-")

    2'*3)

    I

    0'"%#-")

    2'*3)

    1

    *0)/)$")

    !"#8%O%

    ma D 3#8,#

    mu D /)$%&), +',

    me D 5#-#7

    sa D *'2# (/-8. QBRST)

    ku D U&-#0 ('%. '

    ")*.-#.'8,' *k er-, *kuru)

    G%" +-)5 .#,$'( !"#,)$#, 3%N4.'3, ,)5' "%3#54 )")3#.)2%5*,) 2)-%,0), 2) 2-#$'04 "%3#54 "' $%!% * /-8,'3 5%!',)3, $%

  • 187

    2.1: V#+0'7# ,'2#-*,'( *0)/)$"'( !"#,)$# [W-'&-'(: 279; *.)-'X 2'*Y-3#: 267]). 2.2. F'2-)-3'")5*,# /0'"%"# .#+0'7# '! Z/#-'.#, ,)5# *$%&)8' ) .%*-"'3 $%!#3# F'2-# * 10'*,'3 '*.),)3. F'2#- 5%, '"#8%, +') $%0',' 7%".#- 3%-.# 04-/'5% '*.)8")/ E-%&) !%3L# ' )&4-$%, 5% +') 2-'$0#8#" !# %."'8,) ' 2)0'-.'8,) ,)0)"'!)$#O%. P& 1. 3'0%"'543# 2-% ".%. .4 *% 2)5#$L454 W%"'8#"' ' O'()$) 5% 2-' *4*.$) +'0) &-#/)7%") !# &%9' J-)$#O% *#3% ,'2#-*,% 2'*3%")-*.'.

    3: W%"'8#"*,)-,'2#-*,# +'0'"/$# '! ')"# (W-'&-'(: 280; *.)-'X 2'*Y3#: 266D274), ,)5# *#)29.#$# ,#,) 5% J%"'8#"*,' !#2)$%&"', 1##0-)3 4 8%-.$-.)5 /)&'"' $0#$'"% 7#-# :'0,'-5#.)"# 2)&'/#) *2)3%"', 2)*$%

  • 188

    4(/( 5.(,*6*7

    -' /-8,)/ 5%!',#: "% -#!0',454 *% *4/0#*-"'7' 2) !$48")*.' ' #*2'-)$#")*.' (2)*.)5% *#3) !"#7' !# p, t, k), "'.' $),#-0' 2) &4U'"'. K#!#0 *% &)*0%&") '*24-9.# 4 !#.$)-%")3 *0)/4 2-%& *4/0#*"'-,)3, &), *% )*.#0% *4/0#*"'8,% /-42% -#!+'5#54 43%.#O%3 "%2)*.)5%6*%> (an-owe < *-fues: /-8. IC D 4()).

    *#3 a)" b%&$', (J. Chadwick), ,0# *'8"' J'0)0)/, ,)5%3 *% `%".-'* 4 !#$-9")5 J#!' *$)/# -# )+-#.') !# 2)3)< 2-' -%,)"*.-4,7'5' ' .-#" *,-'-27'5' /-8,)/ .%,*.#, 4 2)8%.,4 5%, 2)24. 10#/%"#, .#,)N% +') -%!%-$'*#" 2-%3# .%)-'5' ) /-8,)5 2-'2#&")*.' 0'"%#-# 1, *$% &), *% "'5% *4*-%) * 8'.#$'3 "'!)3 O%34 &)+-) 2)!"#.'( "%,0#*'8"'( /-8,'( )+0',# )"'( ,)5' *4 `%".-'*# !+4O'$#0', # 4 *49.'"' *4 2-%& *.#$L#0' +0'*.#$4 2).$-&4 O% /) $)/ &%9'J-)$#O# ( *.)-'X 2'*Y3#: 297).

    5: V'2'8#" 2-'3%- 3%9)$'.% 42)-.-%+% *$% .-' ,#.%/)-'5% !"#,)$# "# .#-+0'7' '! F")*# *# !#2'*)3 ) *#*.#$4 )2-%3% $)5"',# P2'0'3"'5#:

    o-pi-ri-mi-ni-jo, ),0)2, &$),)0'7%, 1 ,)O (:)08#")$, K%-)!"#,, g#-h2-,'": 164; Greek Archaeological Service web site for Knossos).

  • 189

    "#$%&'( )*&+$,-&. * /$,* 0-#12'* '-1$,*

    6: W%*.*,' &'*, (Calvet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

  • 190

    4(/( !"#$%$&

    AEGEAN LITERACY AND ITS PRE-GREEK ORIGIN

    Summary

    The paper deals with some essential issues of the structure and origins of the Aegean literacy, which is in modern scholarship known only by its youngest Grecian phase from the middle of the second millennium B.C.

    [email protected]

    6. !"#$%, &. '. (1976), ()*+,-. "/ 0,+"-.123-"* 4%5-+. '"(#) *+,--#). /$012,#. 6"3-7).

    7. Gordon, C. H. (1971), Forgoten scripts. London: 1258171.

    8. Grumach, 9. (1976), The Cretan scripts and the Greek alphabet, Writing without letters: 45870. M)nchester UP.

    9. Meriggi, P. (1974), Il cilindro ciprominoico dEncomi e il Disco di Festo. Anatolian Studies presented to H. G. Gterbock. Istanbul.

    10. 6":;)$"7 A. A., .3B*+$-$"3,. C2.,) II ,534;+:+,.4 D" $.0. . .%#;+$.+ D2+7$+EF.G :.$H-7"0,$.;+3-.G 3:"+7 $) IH+ '):--)$, 9"6,5:"64"#$0!$4" $ "#!$;-#50!1: 20824. 6"3-7a.

    12. 6":;)$"7, A. A. (1992), >"3:)$J5 1"H./F.G J.7.:.%)J.E. 6"3-7): 0!5+$< /$01-2": 86892. 6"3-7)

    23. Friedrich, J. (1966), Geschichte der Schrift. Heidelberg.

    24. Heubeck, A. (1982), Lorigine della Lineare B. Studi micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici XXIII: 1958207. Firenze.

    25. S0D#.-, !. (1976), +F.T2"7-) :.$+E$"H" 1.3B*) '. '"(#) *+,--#$. /$012,#. 6"3-7).