Vascular System

• Reminder: All brain function is dependent on oxygen.

• There are two main arterial supplies to the brain:– Carotid Arteries– Basilar Artery (comes off of vertebral arteries)

Identify the following arteries in the cerebral angiogram in the image above: Vertebral Artery - Basilar Artery

         

         

             

Vertebal Arteries/Basilar Artery

Right Internal Carotid Artery

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience

Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive

Neurology – Clinical

Emergent Clinical Fields:

Behavioral Neurology

Neuropsychology

Emergent Experimental Fields:

Neuroscience

Experimental Neuropsychology

Behavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations

• Human patients with brain damage or disorders

• Neurologically intact humans

• Nonhuman animals

primates

rodents

invertebrates

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience

Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive

Neurology – Clinical

Emergent Clinical Fields:

Behavioral Neurology

Neuropsychology

Emergent Experimental Fields:

Neuroscience

Experimental Neuropsychology

Behavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations

• Human patients with brain damage or disorders

• Neurologically intact humans

• Nonhuman animals

primates

rodents

invertebrates

Patients with Brain Damage

• The lesion approach

Examples: 1. HM

remember him???

2. Blindsight

huh?

Any problems with this approach???????

WHAT'S NEW WITH THE AMNESIC PATIENT H.M.?

Suzanne Corkin    H.M. became amnesic in 1953. Since that time, nearly 100 investigators, first at the Montreal Neurological Institute and since 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have participated in studying him. We all understand the rare opportunity we have had to work with him, and we are grateful for his dedication to research. He has taught us a great deal about the cognitive and neural organization of memory. We are in his debt.

Problems with the Lesion Approach• Variability in regions of damage

• Example: language mapping

BTW: DISCLAIMER

• The broken brain may not process information in the same way as the intact brain…..

• EG: Stiles – developmental studies of spatial processing

Behavioral Methods

• Clinical Interviews

• Information from caretakers

• Neuropsychological Testing– Battery Approach– Decision Tree Approach

Experimental Testing

Physiological Methods

• CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography• MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging• FMRI• PET• Electrophysiological Recording

– EEG– ERP– Depth Electrodes

GOOD BYE