Vehicle Area Network

Zhang Ju

2014- 5-2

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Outline

Introduction to Vehicle Area Network Protocol stack of VAN Performance analysis Applications The Future

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Definition

local area network in and around a moving vehicle

provide wireless access in vehicular environments

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Definition

Classification —Inter VAN , Intra (In-Vehicle) VAN [1]

Technology —Bluetooth, WIFI, 3G, Vehicle Ad-hoc Network , RFID

Standardised in ISO 11519-3

Spectrum Allocation —5.850-5.925GHZ, 7channels(USA)

vehicle-to-vehicle safety

high-power, longer-distance communication

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Why is VAN needed ?

Passenger needs

VAN

ITSIntelligent Transportation Systems

Real-time Accurate Efficient

Passenger experience

Active road safety applicationsActive road safety applications

Traffic efficiency and management applicationsTraffic efficiency and management applications

Infotainment applicationsInfotainment applications

Energy consumption

Traffic accident

Traffic congestion

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Intra (In-Vehicle) VAN

Data communication network of onboard equipment (OBE)

In-Vehicle Data Collection/Analysis Systems In-Vehicle Communication Network [1]

Assess a driver’s behavior or a vehicle’s performance Assist drivers to respond correctly Infotainment

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Inter VAN Network of vehicles that interact with one another

and with infrastructure to transmit and receive data [2]

Include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) vehicle-to-broadband cloud (V2B ) vehicle-to-roadside-infrastructure (V2I )

Provide obstacle detection navigation data weather conditions and accident locations Global Internet services

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researches and projects

energy consumption

apply advanced technology

increase highway capacity

enhance public safety

reduce traffic congestion

Partners for Advanced Transit and High-ways (PATH)

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researches and projects

conduct demonstrations and operational tests

speed up deployment of communication/ navigation technologies

improve transportation safety

improve mobility features

SafeTrip-21 (Safe and Efficient Travel through Innovation and Partnerships for the 21st Century)

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researches and projects

Tokyo Smartway project (Japan) develop intelligent roads for the 21st century enable automated driving using ITS technologies

Electronic Road Pricing project (Singapore ) construct a comprehensive road network

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Architecture of VAN ITS projects, architecture and standards of VAN

depend on area [3]OBE—On Board EquipmentSDN —Service Delivery NodeRSE —Road-Side EquipmentENOC—Enterprise Network Operation Center

IntelliDrive ITS architecture(USA)

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Architecture of VAN

V2I communications

V2V communications

V2B communications

US DOT National ITS Architecture [3]

In-Vehicle service

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WAVE Protocol Stack

802.11p802.11p

802.11802.11 1609.41609.4

802.2802.2

1609.31609.3

1609.21609.2

1609.31609.3

1609.11609.1

support the communication of data

manage and maintain the network diagnostics, synchronization discovery and association of neighboring devices

1609.41609.4

1609.41609.4

802.11802.11

802.11p802.11p

relations and dependencies

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WAVE protocol stack

Major Involved Organizations American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) IEEE

IEEE 1609.1 IEEE 1609.2 IEEE 1609.3 IEEE 1609.4

IEEE 802.11 ASTM E2213-03 IEEE 802.11p

The IEEE Task Group p

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WAVE protocol stack

IEEE 802.11p released in November 2010-11 Based on ASTM E2213-03 add wireless access in vehicular environments support ITS applications Apply to V2V and V2I

ASTM E2213-03 standard specification for telecommunications and information exchange between roadside and vehicle systems

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WAVE protocol stack IEEE 802.11p —physical layer [3]

guard interval 1.6 µsDoppler spread 156.25 kHzguard interval 1.6 µsDoppler spread 156.25 kHz

VAN Doppler spread up to 2 kHz RMS delay spread of up to 0.8 µs VAN Doppler spread up to 2 kHz RMS delay spread of up to 0.8 µs

low bit error rateshighly reliable communicationlow bit error rateshighly reliable communication

IEEE 802.11p —MAC layer

prioritization of important safetytime-critical messages

enhanced distributed channel access

quality of service (QoS) support

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WAVE protocol stack

IEEE 1069.4 —MAC layer

provide extensions to MAC supports multichannel WAVE operations

ACI--importance and urgency of its content

0 -- regular access

1 --non-prior background Traffic

2,3 --reserved for prioritized messages

Scheme of enhanced distributed channel access

allow prioritization of frames

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WAVE protocol stack IEEE 1609 [4]

a family of standards for WAVE architecture, organization management structure communication model security mechanisms and physical access

IEEE 1069.1 resource manager define the communication formats (command

message and data storage formats ) mobile platforms supported

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WAVE protocol stack

IEEE 1069.2 security issues in WAVE

IEEE 1609 .3 supports secure message data exchange Define Management Information Base(MIB)

for the WAVE protocol stack

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Performance analysis

Architecture of the overhauled IEEE 802.11 implementation of the network simulator NS-2 [3]

Simulation configuration parameters

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Performance analysis

Probability of successful message reception when only one node is sending

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Performance analysis

transmission power: 20 dBm

packet generation rate:5 packets/s

Impact of vehicle density

Impact of transmission rate

vehicle density: 96 vehicles/km transmission power: 10 dBm

Impact of transmission power

vehicle density: 96 vehicles/km packet generation rate: 5 packets/s

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Intelligent Transportation Systems

IVHS of America, VICS of Japan

Efficient communicationIntelligent traffic managementinformation services

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Anti-collision system Camera + monitor or phone software [5]

Anti-collision systems using camera

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Automatic parking

Ultrasonic sensor

Distance 40cm

Detect parking space

automation steering wheel operation

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The Future combine wireless local and wide area network

technologies IP-centric devices, sensors, signal processing, and

driver behavior analysis techniques collect driver/car/ road data quickly analyze and share the information reliable and informative communication

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Reference[1] Miad Faezipour, Mehrdad Nourani, Adnan Saeed, Sateesh

Addepalli. Progress and Challenges in Intelligent Vehicle Area Networks [J]. Communications of The ACM, 2012, 55(2): 46-56.

[2] Georgios Karagiannis, Onur Altintas, Eylem Ekici, et al.Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements,Architectures, Challenges, Standards and Solutions [J]. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS , 2011, 13(4): 65-97.

[3] Y. L. Morgan. Notes on DSRC & WAVE Standards Suite: Its Architecture, Design, and Characteristics[J]. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS , 2010, 12(4): 78-82.

[4] Hannes Hartenstein, Kenneth P Laberteaux. VANET:Vehicular Applications and Inter-Networking Technologies [M]. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. 15-46.

[5] http://www.iova.com.