VerbsVerbs

11 English 11 English

Grammar ReviewGrammar Review

VerbsVerbs A verb is a word that shows action, A verb is a word that shows action,

condition, or state of being. condition, or state of being. An An action verbaction verb, such as , such as believebelieve and and

protestprotest, shows either mental or , shows either mental or physical activity. physical activity.

A A linking verblinking verb, such as , such as feelfeel and and bebe, , describes a state of being and describes a state of being and connects the subject with a word in connects the subject with a word in the predicate. the predicate.

Principal Parts of Verbs Principal Parts of Verbs

Every verb has four principal Every verb has four principal parts: present, present parts: present, present participle, past, and past participle, past, and past participle.participle.

Present vs. Present Present vs. Present ParticipleParticiple

PresentPresent Protest Protest OrganizeOrganize Speak Speak Write Write

Present Present ParticipleParticiple

Is protestingIs protesting Is organizing Is organizing Is speakingIs speaking Is writingIs writing

Past vs. Past Participle Past vs. Past Participle

Past Past Protested Protested Organized Organized Spoke Spoke Wrote Wrote

Past Participle Past Participle Has protested Has protested Has organized Has organized Has spoken Has spoken Has written Has written

Irregular verbs Irregular verbs

Most irregular verbs can be Most irregular verbs can be grouped into five spelling grouped into five spelling patterns. patterns.

Group 1 – present, past, and past Group 1 – present, past, and past participle are the same: participle are the same: spread, spread, is spreading, spread, has spreadis spreading, spread, has spread. .

Group 2 – past and past participle Group 2 – past and past participle are the same: are the same: lead, is leading, lead, is leading, led, has ledled, has led..

Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs

Group 3 – form past participle by Group 3 – form past participle by adding adding nn or or enen to past: to past: bite, is bite, is biting, bit, has bittenbiting, bit, has bitten. .

Group 4 – Change Group 4 – Change ii in the present in the present form to form to aa for the past and to for the past and to uu for the past participle: for the past participle: sink, is sink, is sinking, sank or sunk, has sunksinking, sank or sunk, has sunk..

Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs

Group 5 – change vowel of Group 5 – change vowel of present to form past. Add present to form past. Add nn or or enen to form most past participles: to form most past participles: see, is seeing, saw, has seensee, is seeing, saw, has seen. .

Verb Tenses Verb Tenses

There are three simple tenses (past, There are three simple tenses (past, present, and future) and three present, and future) and three perfect tenses (past perfect, present perfect tenses (past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect). perfect, and future perfect).

Conjugation of simple Conjugation of simple tenses: tenses:

Present – use the present part: Present – use the present part: talktalk

Past – add Past – add eded to the present part for to the present part for regular verbs: regular verbs: talkedtalked

Future – add Future – add willwill or or shallshall to the to the present part: present part: will talk, shall talkwill talk, shall talk

Using Simple TensesUsing Simple Tenses

Use the present tense to describe an Use the present tense to describe an action or state of being: action or state of being:

That is happening as it is being That is happening as it is being reported. Ex: The biography of Mother reported. Ex: The biography of Mother Teresa Teresa inspiresinspires me. me.

That is regularly occurring or habitual. That is regularly occurring or habitual. Ex: Her followers Ex: Her followers dodo important work. important work.

That will take place in the future – when That will take place in the future – when the verb is modified by and adverb or the verb is modified by and adverb or adverbial phrase indicating future time. adverbial phrase indicating future time. Ex: The play Ex: The play beginsbegins in an hour. in an hour.

Using Simple TensesUsing Simple Tenses

Use Use past tensepast tense to describe an action or to describe an action or state of being that began and ended in state of being that began and ended in the past. Ex: During the 1920s, Mother the past. Ex: During the 1920s, Mother Teresa Teresa joinedjoined in religious order. in religious order.

Use the Use the future tensefuture tense to describe an to describe an action or state of being that will take action or state of being that will take place some time after the present place some time after the present moment. Ex: Generations of social moment. Ex: Generations of social activists activists will honorwill honor Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa.

Conjugation of Perfect Conjugation of Perfect Tenses: Tenses:

Present perfectPresent perfect – add – add hashas or or havehave to the past participle: to the past participle: have have talked, has talkedtalked, has talked

Past perfectPast perfect – add – add hadhad to the past to the past participle: participle: had talkedhad talked

Future perfect – Add Future perfect – Add will havewill have or or shall haveshall have to the past participle: to the past participle: will have talked, shall have talkedwill have talked, shall have talked

Using Perfect TensesUsing Perfect Tenses

Use the Use the present perfect tensepresent perfect tense to to express an action or state of beingexpress an action or state of being

Completed at an indefinite time in Completed at an indefinite time in the past: Historians the past: Historians have notedhave noted Gandhi’s tremendous impact. Gandhi’s tremendous impact.

That started in the past and That started in the past and continues to the present: Gandhi’s continues to the present: Gandhi’s philosophy philosophy has lefthas left a lasting a lasting impression on the world. impression on the world.

Using Perfect TensesUsing Perfect Tenses

Use the Use the past perfect tensepast perfect tense to to express a past action or state of express a past action or state of being that occurred before being that occurred before another in the past: Gandhi another in the past: Gandhi had had embracedembraced the principles of the principles of nonviolent protest long before nonviolent protest long before he he organizedorganized a demonstration a demonstration against unfair tax. against unfair tax.

Using Perfect TensesUsing Perfect Tenses

Use Use future perfect tensefuture perfect tense to to express a future action or state express a future action or state of being that will take place of being that will take place before another in the future. Ex: before another in the future. Ex: By the year 2010, Gandhi’s By the year 2010, Gandhi’s reforms reforms will have beenwill have been in in practice for more than 60 years. practice for more than 60 years.

Progressive FormsProgressive Forms

The The progressive formprogressive form of a verb of a verb shows an ongoing action or state shows an ongoing action or state of being. of being.

To create these forms, combine To create these forms, combine the appropriate simple or the appropriate simple or perfect tense of perfect tense of bebe with the with the present participle of the main present participle of the main verb.verb.

Examples of Progressive Examples of Progressive FormForm

Present – are striving Present – are striving Past – was striving Past – was striving Future – will be striving Future – will be striving Present perfect – has been striving Present perfect – has been striving Past perfect – had been striving Past perfect – had been striving Future perfect – will have been Future perfect – will have been

strivingstriving

Now You TryNow You Try

Complete the paragraph exercise on Complete the paragraph exercise on page 75 and questions 1-9 on page page 75 and questions 1-9 on page 76 of your grammar workbook. 76 of your grammar workbook.

Active and Passive VoiceActive and Passive Voice

The voice of an action verb indicates The voice of an action verb indicates whether the subject performs or receives whether the subject performs or receives the action. the action.

A verb is in A verb is in active voiceactive voice when the subject when the subject performs the action. Ex: performs the action. Ex: Mary Harris Mary Harris supportedsupported child labor laws. child labor laws.

A verb is in A verb is in passive voicepassive voice when the when the action is received by the subject. Ex: action is received by the subject. Ex: Child labor lawsChild labor laws were supported by Mary were supported by Mary HarrisHarris. .

Now You TryNow You Try

Complete questions 1-11 on page 82 Complete questions 1-11 on page 82 and questions 1-10 on page 83 of and questions 1-10 on page 83 of your grammar workbook. your grammar workbook.

Commonly Confused Commonly Confused VerbsVerbs

Lie vs. Lay – Lie vs. Lay –

lie- to rest in a flat position: lie, lay, lainlie- to rest in a flat position: lie, lay, lain

lay – to place: lay, laid, laidlay – to place: lay, laid, laid Rise vs. RaiseRise vs. Raise

rise – to go upward & raise – to lift rise – to go upward & raise – to lift upward upward

Sit vs. SatSit vs. Sat

sit – to occupy a seat: sit, sitting, satsit – to occupy a seat: sit, sitting, sat

sat – to put or place: set, set, setsat – to put or place: set, set, set

Now You TryNow You Try

Complete questions 1-14 on page 88 Complete questions 1-14 on page 88 of your grammar workbook. of your grammar workbook.