1

2

Parent Graph: f(x)

Translated up 2 units: h(x) = f(x) + 2

Translated down 5 units: g(x) = f(x) ­ 5

Vertical TranslationsAdd to move up Subtract to move down

3

Parent Graph: f(x)

Translated left 2 units: h(x) = f(x+2)

Translated right 2 units: g(x) = f(x­2)

Horizontal TranslationsAdd to move left Subtract to move right

4

Parent Graph: f(x)

Reflected over the y­axis: h(x) = f(­x)

Reflected over the x­axis: g(x)= ­f(x)

ReflectionsFlip upside­down Flip sideways

5

Parent Graph: f(x)

Narrows: g(x) = 2 f(x)

Widens: h(x) = 0.5 f(x)

Dilations Graph narrows Graph widens

6

Rigid transformations hold their shape;

non­rigid transformations change shape

7

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13