Ilpanor KyJITypHOj crpannpadmjn MaHaCTUpa CBeTUX apxauhena KO,UIlpmpeua

BECHA EI1KI1l1,ApXeOJIOWKH HHCTHTyT, Eeorpan

OCTaUH KOMnJIeKCa MaHaCTHpa CBeTHX apxanhenaKOJl ITpH3peHa* Ben smue neueunja npHBJIa4e naxn.ycrpysne jasnocrn, nocefino apxurexara H ncropnuapayMeTHOCTH. IhHXOBH paJlOBH, 3aCHOBaHH aa TepeHCKHMHCTpa)/{HBalhHMa, JlaJIH cy BeJIHKH JlOnpHHOC H3Y4aBalhYoaor I13Y3eTHO suauajnor KOMnJIeKca. ITpBe 06HMHeapXeOJIOWKe panose 06aBHO je 1927. rOJlHHe npodr. P.l pyjnh. lbcrosa ncrpaxnaaisa 6HJIa cy ycvcpcna naorxpnaau,e OCTaTaKa fJIaBHe MaHaCTJlpCKe upxne, xao HMalhe upxse CB. HHKOJIe. ITpeUH3Ho sohenancrpaxnsan.a nopen OCTaTaKa :.HIJlOBa nsnena cy naCBeTJIO naua fipojne yJIOMKe MepMepHe nJIaCTHKe, xao HDpyre nerarse rpannsa, WTO he xacnnjc ovoryhurnna cecarnena HeKaJlaWlhH mfJIeJl OBHX xpauosa. OrpaHH4eHpacnOJIO)/{HBHM CpeJlcTBHMa, P. Fpyjuh y CBOjHMHCTpa)/{HBalhHMa nnje 036HJbHO saurao y npyra MaHac-rnpcxa 3Jlalha, HHTH y crapnje KyJITypHe CJIojeBe. 1Hacrasax ncrpaxuaan.a YCJIeJlHo je TeK 1961-1965.ronnne non PYKOBOJlCTBOM apx. C. HeHaJlOBHna.2TOMnpHJIHKOM on pyuieanna je pauruuuhen ueo KOMnJIeKC,ami, Ha)/{aJ10cT, 6e3 aohen.a apXeOJIOWKe JlOKyMeHTaUH-je. Cacnojesnaa uiyra TaKO cy HW4e3JIa HapXeOJIOWKacaenouaacrsa 0 nocnenrsn naHHMa )/{IIBOTa MaHaCTH-pa, EynynH naje OCHOBHH UIIJb panona n04eTKOM ureane-

* Osaj pal y ckpaheuoj aepsnjn caonurren je na Fonnunseucxyny Cpnckor apxeoncuixor lpyWTBa y Ilpmpeay, xraja 1996.ro.mne.

I P. Fpyjuh, Orxonasan.e (BeTHX apxauhena KOj Ilpmpena.(Ilpennunnapan Il3BCwTaj), (WCIIW: c,{017C,,"OZIWl"lIl1h' i)P.nll!Ti/wIII, (KOnJbC 1929, 260-267.

2 C. HeH

280 BeCHa bllKlIn

10

\

o 5~---

9

10

11

12

5

Cn. 1.- Manacrnp CB. apxanhena KOLl Ilpnspeua. CJl. 1,2,4-6, g, 9,11: Fpnsapuja H3 nusoa 11. sexa: CJl. 3,7,10,12: Fpnuapnja H3 HHBoa12. sexa (UPTeiKH: M. TarraBH4KH). - Fig. 1.Monastery of the Holy Archangels at Prizren. Fig.- 1, 2,4-6,8,9, 11: Pottery from the horizon of

Xlcentury: Fig. 3,7,10,12: Pottery from the horizon ofXII century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).

KaKO je nosnaro,npnnnsov HCKOnaBaJ-ba VICTOLJHOrKOHaKa, y cesepnov LLeJlY XOLLHHKa OTKpllBeHII cy nenn-MHLJHH ocraunjenner crapnjcr 06jeKTa. YHCTOM HIIBOY,y3 3HLL rpaijeBHHe HaijeHH cy H LLenOBH KepaMHLJKHXnOCYLLa, nperexnonouaua (en. 1/1,2,4-6,8,9,11). CBenOCYLLe mpaheue cy na pyLJHOM rpHLJapCKOM BHTny, OLLLLOCTa LL06po npe-nnuhene rnuue ca LLoLLaTKOM necxa,Mpxe cy fioje, y nnjancaua OLL TaMHOMpKe LLOupsenxacrc. Cavo ce LLBe nocyne pa3mIKyjy no cacrasyrMIHe, rj. LLoLLaUHMa: KOLL jennnor npuaepxa 3LLene yCTpyKTypH ce sanaxajy CHTHH KOMaLLH xpe-nsaxa, a y3TO je HCBeTJlOOKep 60je (en. 1/1), LLOK je jenan OLL nonauanspahen OLL rnune KOjOj je LLOLLan seha KOnHLJHHaJIHCKyHcKor npaxa (en. 1/6). Ha rpnxapnju m OBeuenune ykpac Je yrnaauov ypesan, mBeLLeH LLOCTaHe6pH)!{JbHBO, WTO je HapOLJHTO nspaxeuo KOLLTa:laCaCTIIX JIlIHHja. CneUHCpHLJHOwny opnauenra H3LLBa-ja ce caMO jenan, MaJ-b11 nonau ykpauien KOCHM y60LLIIMa

mBeLLeHHM LJeWJbeM - rpefienov (CJ1. 1/4). OBa nOKaJIHarpn-rapnja, npeva nocrojehnv KnacHqmKaUHjaMa,KapaKTepllCHILJHa je 3a nOCneLLJ-bY erany paasojaEanKaHCKo-nOLLYHaBCKe xynrype, xoja ce na umpev6aJ1KaHCKoM npocropy BpeMeHcKH onpene.syje y pas-LL06.Tbe OLL nOCneLLJ-bHX neueunja 10. LLO xpaja 11. sexa.n povene xojece na rpn-iapnju TaLLa youasajy nacrajy yHOBHM ycnoanva, y3 BmaHTHjcKe nocane y yTBpijeJ-bIIMaH onrouapajyhu nacen.naa. MaLLa jane nspaxeue navarepejany y nOLLYHaB.TbY, OBe npouene HMajy csor

. .

OLLJeKa H Ha rpnsapcxy npOLLYKllHJY y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTHEa.ncana. OHe ce na uenox npocropy MaHHcpecTyjyycaapurennjox TeXHOnOrHjoM mpaLLe nocyna, a raxohe IInojeWIHHM 06mIUHMa, KOjH cy y BeJIlIKoj MepH Mel)yc06-HO CnHLJHH y nOMeHyTIIM 06naCHIMa (en. 1/1,5,6,8,11).OBa nojasa sanaxa ce H na nauie nOLLPyLJjy, a TaKBeMel)yc06He napanene ce, 3a cana, Mory nonyhu mMel)yrpn-iapnje In Eeorpana, Bennxor Fpanua HKOCTOJIa y

Ilpnnor KyJJTypHOj crparnrpadiaja MaHaCTl1pa CBeTl1X apxashena KOLl Ilpmpena

\\\

3

4

ill-

\/ 11 ]

281

4B. DHKI10, CpeqlbO(1(l!\O(i/la uepauut Eeo2paqa, Eeorpan 1994,52-53.

Cn. 2.- MaHaCTIlp CB. apxauhena KO;1 Ilpnapeua. Kyxuacxa KepaMI1Ka 113 pa3Ll06Jba apyre nOnOBI1He 14. LlO CpeLlI1He 15. sexa (UPTeiKI1: M.TanaBWIKI1).- Fig. 2.- Monastery of the HolyArchangels atPrizren. Kitchen wares from the period between the second halfof XIV and the mid-

dleof XV century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).cpenu.eu DonYHaBJbY H Favsnrpana, rnphase Pac KOn BeK, HTO najncposarunje TeK on cpenune osor CTOJ1ena.HOBor Ilasapa H CBeTHX apxanhena y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTH MCTOM KyJlTypHOM xopnsonry npananana 611 HYsehojCp6Hje.4Ilpeua KapaKTepHCT11KaMa, xoje ce onnoce naTeXH0J10r11jy nspane, o6mlKe nocyna 11 BpCTe yxpaca,rpnxapnja 113 onor HI1BOa Morna 611 ce naroBaTH y 11.

282 BeCHa 511KI10

9

118

-63

T\7/1

o 5 10-,,"", ---

10

\\

CJI. 3.- Manacrnp CB. apxanhena Kon Ilpnspena. Tpnesna KepaMI1Ka 113 pasnotin.a npyre nOJIOBI1He 14. nocpenuue 15. sexa (UpmKI1:M.TanaBl1ljKI1). - Fig. 3.-Monastery ofthe Holy Archangels atPrizren. Table wares from the period between the second half ofXIV

century and the middle ofXV century. (Drawings: M. Tapavicki).

Mepl1 ourreheua rp03.nOJlI1Ka nayuinnua, seponarnouanas m rpofia.'

Y uenocpenuoj 6mnHHII nperxonno paavarpancuennue, raxohe y cesepnoj srpann Hero-mer KOHaKa, y

5 M. MI1JII1HKOBI10, oj). cit., l1g, 221, T. II/g.

cnojy MpKe :JeMJbe oTKpHBeHa je jow jenna rpyna xepa-MH4KHX nocyaa (en, 1/3,7, 10, 12). Ma.na ce csera napnpuvepaxa MO)l{e THnonOWKH onpennm, OBa rpmapujayxaryje Ha nocrojan.e jenner xpOHonOWKH Mnai)erHHBoa KOJH Je ua OBOM cervenry Hana:JHWTa OCTaocauyaan cavo y TparOBHMa. Fpn-iapnja H3 novenyrorausoa je fion.er xsannrera y cMl1cny npnnpeve rnuue,

0pH110r xynrypaoj crparnrpadmjn MaHaCTllpa CBeTllX apxanhena KO;:r Ilpnspena 283

06JlHKOBaJ-ba Hneseu.a cynosa, Hy schoj je MepH yjen-nauena y TlmOnOWKOM CMHCJly. I1aKo ce XpOHOJlOWKHnenocpeauo nacraan.a na rpnsapnjy npeTXO,UHe enoxe,OBa HOBa ca J-bOM liMa spno MaJlO CJ1IIYHOCTH, OnHOCHOoLlnHKyje ce paaanjeunjov npOCpHJIaUlljOM, nocefino y'30HII 060na, II :3HaTHO penyxonanna yKpaCOM.Clll4HOCT ca xpOHonOWKII crapujnv MaTeplljanoM no-crojn, II TO YHaYHHY 06.11HKOBaJ-ba - Ha PYYHOM BI!TJly,xao II y BpCTl[ rnnne xoja je ynorpefin.eua sa mpanynocyna, WTO ynyhyje na MHWJbeJ-be 0 xopmuhen.y HCTorH3BOpHWTa CHpOBHHe, a raxohe H na y OCHOBH HCTynpnuen.cny TeXHOJlOrHjy ne-ien,a cynosa. Eon,nKBaJlHTeT xpOHonOWKH MJlarye rpmapnje 6H ce, C06:3HpOM Hd noxeuyre CnHYHOCTH, Morao 06jacHHTHHanpeTKOM y osnanaaau.y seurrune mpane KepaMHYKHXnocyaa. CBe nasenene KapaKTepHCTHKe YKa3HBane 611 naapeue najseher ,UOMeTa noxanuor rpnsapcxor sanara ypa:3,U06JbY 12. H na no-ierxy 13. croneha. Ilouenyronarosau.c xepaunxe norxpenn.yjy Hpaunje oTKpHBeHHnpuxepun uauxacror HOBua, xao II jenua Mana 6pOH-sana xorna.'

Tpehn, HajMJlaDH CpenJ-bOBeKOBHH HHBO onrosapaspevenyy xoje upxsa CBeTHX apxanhena Ben nocrojnxao :3anY)l(6HHa uapa,QywaHa. KyJlTypHH CJlojeBII osorxopnsonra OTKpJ1BeHJ1 cy na CBHM HCTpa)l(eHHMnOBpWHHaMa ynyrap MaHaCTHpa, a J-berOBH rparonnnocroje H y yTBPDeJ-by Bmuerpan. Y npocropnjavaI1cToYHor KOHaKa, KOjH je no cana jenunay nornynocrnapxecnourxn ncrpaxena rpahennna, naheno je nOCTanpcnvera MaTepHjanHe xynrype, MeDY xojnua jerpnsapnja najfipojnnja (en, 2, 3). Onaj KepaMHYKHMaTepHjaJl y uenuuu je nokanne nspane H onnnxyje ceBenHKOM pasnoapcnourhy o6nHKa, Meryy xojuua ceHCTHYY nOHUH cajenno Hnne npunre. 11 npcva HaYHHYmpane rpn-rapnja je yjenHaYeHa - CKOpO CBe nocyne cy06nllKOBaHe na PY4HOM rpHYapCKOM xony, caBllnJbllBIIM OTHCUHMa nopane npcrnua ca ynyrpaunseCTpaHe, OC[[M upeny.fba Koje cy 06nHKOBaHe pyKaMa,OLlHOCHO 6e:3 ynoTpe6e BHTJla. fJll[Ha on Koje cyIBparyeHII cynOBH je COJlHnHO npe4HwneHa, canOnaTKOMneCKa, a 60ja I[M je yrnaBHoM MpKa, y HHjaHcaMa onMpKOCHBe no upBeHKaCTOMpKe. noje)lllHe3nene HnOHUI[cy MaCJlImaCTmeJleHO rneDOCaHI[ (cn. 2/4; CJl. 3/2-4, 11).BenHHa JlOHaua H nOKJlOnUH cy yKpaweHII ype:3aHHM

(, Ihid., 216, 222, T. 1I19.

J1HHHjaMa II y60)ll[Ma, KOjH ce jasn.ajyHJlH caMOCTaJlHOIIJl1[ y pa:3Jl1IYHTIIM Meryyc06HHM KOM6l1HaulljaMa. nonurau.y yxpaurasan.a, cneUHCpl[YHII cy Kplla:3H, na xoju-Ma ce sanaxa cnuxan.e MOTHBa 6enOM 60jOM (en. 3/5-7).rOTOBO CBH o6nHUH nocyna y OKBHpy seher 6pojaOPMH on pannje cy noaaarn ca HaJla:3HWTa yyHyTpaWJ-bOCTH Cpfinje, a HajBI[We cnHlIHOCTIl Hana:3HMOna rpnuapujn IB Kpyuresua HCranaha, xao II MaHaCTlI-pa Paaanuua II Crynennua.? Ilpeua IICTOpHjCKIIM

. .

nonaunaa I[ pesynraruua xoje npyxa apxeonornja -crparnrpadmjn II aHanH3aMa nOKpeTHI[X nanasa -XpOHOJlOWKH oxnnp osor XOpll30HTa je npyra nOJlOBIIHa14. no cpennne 15. scxa.

Y nOKpeTHoM MaTepHja.TJy H:3 osor HHBoa H3nBajajyce nsa npenuera: 6yKJlHja yxpaurena crpadnrroTeXHIIKOM (en. 3/9) Hcraxnena -ratua pefipacro npodm-JlIICaHOr rpfiyxa. MeDY 6pOjHHM 06Jll1KUHMaKepaMHlIKHX nocyna 6YKJlHje cy rOTOBO jennna cpopMa cajacno mpaJKeHOM nsojaxo cPyHKUHjOM: xao nocyna 3acnyxeu.e TeliHOCTIi sa Tpne30M, a raxohe Hsa HOWeJ-bena nyry. Ilopen xapaxrepncrnsnor06J1HKa, CBe 6yKJlIlje1[3 osor pasnofin.a onnnxyje H nspaxeua nexopa-THBHOCT. QCHM pefipacro npodinnucanor ccpepHliHornena rpoyxa Hcrpadnrro yxpaca, Ha 6yKnlljH IB KOHaKay CBeTIIM apxaHryeJlHMa npexo )I(yTO rnehocane OCHOBecy cnHKaHH MOTHBH 3eJleHOM rnehn. Mana ce y cpnCKIIMCpenJ-bOBeKOBHHM rpanosnua H MaHaCTllpCKHM KOM-nneKCIIMa 6YKJlHje yrnasnou nanase y spno cpparMeH-rapnov CTaJ-bY, YHHH ce na cy CBe no cana ofijann.ene yOCHOBII HCTor 06m[Ka, ann pa:3J1HlIHTO yxpaiuene. To je~enHo H pa3nor WTO HHCy HaryeHa nBa HneHTHliHanpnaepxa, a aHaJlOrHH npiutepun ce CBOne na HCTHuaJ-becnuunocru nojennnnx enevenara 06J1HKa HJ[H yxpaca.Ilpcua OBOM xpnrepnjyvy, nocrojan.e nnacruunor

7 )J,. Mnnnh, 0 pH110r naroaau y cpenn.oaexoaue xepaauxe 113Kpyuresua, CtTlaplI/Wp XXX/1979, 1no, T. 111-5, T. III/I, CTp. 45:)J,. MIIHHn, O. ByKa;:rHH, C. nOPDeBlIn, CpenfuOBeKOBHH rpanCTa11an, PaU/l\a UaU/lTilllw I, KpaJbeBO 1975, 188, T. II11-3, 7: M.Eaja11oBHn-XaUH-OewHn, Kepa.lllll\{{ )' cpeijlbolie/{()(Woj CpUlljll,EeorpaJ:11981, OTO 41;)J,. MaJ:1ac, ApXeOJlOWKH paJ:1oBI1 Y~laHacHIPy PaBaHI11111 1967-1971, C{{o17uuTielb{{ Pe17)'u.lUlfI\02 ](/(iOij{{ ]{{]aU/tTIl1tT1y c17o.lle/llll\a 1\y-'tTlype X, 1974,81, C11. 5,CTp. 85: M. Pa;:raH-JOBHH, M. JaHKoBHn, C. TeMepI1HCKH, CtTlYijeTIU1/{{ Y Cl1etTI.IOCLTillapxeO.IOu//{l/X II apxIIlTieluTiollCf.:lIX lICLTip{{.7ICL/(Wlbil, in B.l nYPlln(ed.) E.W20 .1lilllilclTilljJiI ClTiYijellUl/e, fanepllja CAHY, KaTanorI13noiK6e 63, EeorpaJ:11988, 62, C11. 3111, 63, cn. 32/1, 3, cn. 33/3, 64,cn. 34/2.

284

pe6pa na npe.rasy coepmnor y 604HII neo npH6mDKlInO6H naiuy 6yKJ1Hjy npnxepxy OTKplIBeHOM y HOBOMEpny,' 1l0K 6H crpadnrro YKpaC 6HO HajCnJI4HHjll OHOMna CTYIleHH4Koj 6yKJ1HjH.lJ DpeTXOIlHO pasuarpane6yK-:1Hje, a raxohe H OBOM npHnHKOM cauo noveuyraBpCTaCTaKneHHX -tatua, jasn.ajy ce cpasuepso 4eCTO H HaIlpyrHM HCTOBpeMeHIIM nananrurmaa, WTO ovoryhaaa,nopen CTHnCKHX ananma, H panrarpan.e Ba)l{HIIXnnran.a 0 npunpcan osor nonpysja y cpenacv sexy,Ilojasa 6yKJlllja 3Ha4ajHa je :.m uinpa HCTpa)l{IIBaJ-ba 0.. .yruuajy B1I3aHTIIJCKe KepaMIIKe, crapnje II IICTOBpeMeHe,

Ha cpncko rpH4apCTBO, LlOK ce na OCHOBy CTaKneHHX. . .

-raura, KOJe .iocnenajy YI3 IITaJlHJaHCKIIX pannonnuanOCpe)1CTBOM Lly6poBa4KIIX rprosaua, Mory noysnannjcnparnru nyrenu xapasancxe TprOBHHe y yHyTpaWJ-bOCTIICpe)1J-bOBeKOBHe Cpfinje.

Onaj xparax npernen MaTeplljaJlHe xy.rrype m cpen-J-bOBeKOBHIIX XOpYI30HaTa, nopen paunje 06jaBJbeHlIXpesynrara HCTpa)l{IIBaJ-ba, HCTH4e KOMnneKC Csernxapxanhena KO)1 Ilpnspena xao BHWeCJlojHH JlOKanHTeTca3Ha4ajHoM paunjox Cpe)1J-bOBeKOBHOM KOMnOHeHTOM.To noxpehe HH3 Ba)l{HHX rnrrau.a 0 yn03H osor MeCTa yenoxava xoje nperxone H3rpa)1J-b1l npxse 11 3aCHlIBaJ-bYvanacrnpa y speve napa Crediana ):(ywaHa. Jacue cyIIHLlHulIje 0 xopnurhcn.y osor npocropa y nosuoj aHTlI-UII, a nOTOM O:l J 1. na Ll,0 xpaja 14. scxa y HeKonHKOerana. Bpeveay 06HoBe )I{llBOTa y cperusev sexy npu-nanajy OTKplIBeHII rp060BH, a raxohe II oCTaUlI jenner)1emIMH4HO ncrpaxenor 3HIlaHOr 06jeKTa y 6mI3HHIl.Ilpenveru MaTeplIjaJ1He xynrype JlOKanHOr cy xapax-Tepa, OLlHOCHO mpahyje HX H KOpHCTlI CTaHOBHIIWTBO narepuropnjn non Bl13aHTlljcKOM vnpasov.

Doce6HO nnran-e npencrann.a nocrojaise caxpannerpahennue. C 063HpOM na TO na cy rparosn pannjer06jeKTa BpJlO cJla60 ca4yBaHH, MO)l{e ce caMO npeT-nOCTaBHTH ,na je Ha OBOM MecTy nocTojaJla CTapHjaupKBa, BepOBaTHO m 6. BeKa, Koja je y cpe,nJ-beM BeKy06HOBJbeHa. OTKpllBeHH rp060BII 611, y TOM cny4ajy,nplIna,nanlI apeany HeKponone KOja ce pa3BlIna OKO

xf. MapjaHoBlln-ByjoBlln, CpeY'bli liel\, in: Apxeo.wlll/\O u./(/,;oCpvlIje II] .1I.1'JejC/\lIx ]UIIP/\II, KaTaJlOr IUJloiK6e, HapO!lHII My:5Cj yDCOrpaJy,DeOrpaJ 1983, 145-146(KaT.118).

lJ E. nejoBlln, KatTta.lo? apxeo.wllIwx I/a./(/]a, in B.J. nyplln(ed.) E./(/?O .1Ial/actTtlipa CtTtryeI/1I1!e, fac1epllja CAHY, KaTaJlOrlUJlOiK6e 63, SeorpaJ1988,78, CJl. 54, CTp. 77, 80(KaT. A 55).

BeCHa DIIKlI!1

upsse. 06HOBa npesnor CBenIJllIWTa BepOBaTHO je 61uay Be31I ca OCHIIBaJ-beM Ilpmpencxeenncxonuje, xoja cenOMHJ-be Ben y npsoj nOBeJbH uapa Bacnnnja IIOxpnncxoj apxnenncxonnjn H3 1019. ronnne. ill Y Be311

. . .

ca OBlIM 3Ha4ajaH je 11 nonarax na Je y ceanurryEnncxonnje - Eoroponnun Jbenuurxoj - y TOKyHCKOnaBaJ-ba crapuje upxse nahcn HOBau napa POMaHaJTaKanJIHa, WTO 611 YKa3HBano na nocrojan.e OBe upxseBen y 10. BeKy.11 Y OBOM nepnony OHa HeMa paurenncxonnje, OLlHOCHO HeMa je Meljy enncxonnjauaEyrapcxe upxse 113 spevena CIIMeOHa. C 063IIpOM nanpeTxo,aHO 1I3HeCeHe nOllaTKe, BpeMe HaCTaHKaIlpnspeucxe enucxonnje 6Hno 6H y TOKy npyrenonosnne 10. sexa. Ilovenyrn HCTOplIjCKlI nO)1aUH, araxohe H npcnnunnapnn peayrrrarn ncrpaxnaau.a IIanannsa nOKpeTHHx nanasa YKa3HBaml 6H na TO na je06HOBa KaCHOaHTlI4KOr CBenInHWTa na MecTy xacuujeupxse CBeTlIX apxanhena najeepoaaruuje ycnenuna xpa-jev 10. unn y npBlIM neueuujaaa 11. sexa.

3a npyry erany, xoja ce nenocpenno HaCTaBJba nanperxonuy H rpaje TOKOM 12. H na caMOM n04eTKY 13.sexa, MO)l{e ce pehu na je non ja4HM yruuajev BH3aHTlI-jcxe xynrype. Bene npncycrno BYI3aHTYIjcKe sojcxc y ranarpann-moj ofinacrn npeva Cpncxoj npxann, nopenHCTOPHJCKHX nonaraxa, MO)l{e ce nOTBpAIITH II ua OCHOByuanara HOBua, kao H KapaKTepHCTl14He rpmapnje.

5YAynH na sa paanofin.e H3Meljy npBHX neuennja 13.II cpcnuue 14. sexa 3a cana He nocroje apxeonourxnrparonn, OHO ce MO)l{e nonexne pexoncrpyncarn naOCHOBy BeCTII 113 HCTOpHjCKUX usaopa. Ilpaa je m 1220.ronune II ronopn 0 nporepnaan.y rpsxor euncxona 113Ilpmpena, na nnje je MeCTO nOCTaBJbeH Cp6UH.12 113npyre, n03HHje BeCTH casnaje ce na je Biuuerpan (TOpJ-b11rpan) xpan. MIIJIynlH nOKnOHIW npl13peHCKOMenucxony, 3ajeAHo ca rpaACKOM UpKBOM CB. HIIKOJle. 13Jow je,nHa BeCT roBOpH 0 pa3A06Jby npe I13rpanJ-be HOBeupKBe. To je n03HaTlI nOnaTaK na je uap j],ywaH nOnH-

10 11. MaKclI~IOBllh, Tplli1'.1IIji B1I3al/tTtllje 17ot{etTtl\o.lI Xl (iel\({, inUCluopllja cp17cI\O? IwpoyaI, 6eorpa!l 1981, 176-178.

II C. HeHa!lOBllh. EO?OpoyUl!a Jbelwwl\({, Ibelt IWCIUal/a/\ II Ibel{().1IeClu0.1' apxlItTtel\tTtrpll ;\fll.{.1'tTtlll/()(W? lipe.lIeIW, Scorpall 1963, 23-14.

12 g. DorJaHOBllh, npeoupa.llcaj cp17cl\e l!p'\'(ie, in UCluoplljacpliC/\'O? Iwpoya f, 6eorpaJ 1981, 317, 320.

13 C. HeHaJOBll!l, JI.nll{{/{()(i({ ]aY.l';J/culi/w .1I{{//({ClUIiP C(ietTtlixapXill/!;e.w /\IIi) npll3pelw, 9.

Ilpnnor Ky;1TypHOj crparurpadmjn xranacrupa Cscrux apxanhena Kon Ilpnspena 285

rao CBOj xpav na MecTy crape upxse xoja je )],0 reven.anopyuiena." 113 CBe TpH nanencac necrn eBII1leHTHO je naje o,aMax HaKOH nonna-rcn.a Bnsanruje Ilpmpen caOKOJlHHOM nocneo y cpncxe pyxe, a TaK01)e II TO na yspeve xparsa Miuyruna TBp1)aBa Bmuerpaa nocrojn.To, Me1)yTHM, H ,iJ,aJbe OCTaB.Tba OTBopeHHM nnrau,a na.. .

JlI1 II crapnja upxsa nOCTOjH y TO speue H ,iJ,a JlH je ycPyHKUHjH. Hera ,allJleMa ocraje H sa pa3,iJ,06Jbenenocpenno npe nsrpann.e HOBe upxse CBeTlIXapxanhena, Ma,aa nexa HOBa ncrpaxnnan.a ornapajyMorynHocT aa paspeurerse osor mrran.a. Canpxajnnna

. . .

,iJ,OKyMeHTa cy OLl snauaja sa OBa paauarpan,a: jenan jeIB MJleTaLIKOr apxnna 113 1340. ronnne, a npyn: jeapxanhencxa nosen.a npmpencxov MaHacTHpy, II 06arosope 0 reurkoj 60JleCnl xpan.a ~ywaHa, O,aHOCHOn.eroaov 4YLleCHOM II3Jle4eI-bY H, nosono rora, mpasn-Ma 3aXBaJlHOCni. 15Ha OCHOBy noveuyrux noxyvenaraII3HeCeHa je npemocrasxana ce ncucn.cac xpan.a 36HJlOy HeKaKBOj Be311 ca crapnv CBenlJllIWTeM KOjIIlpnapeua." Ilpnxaarau.e OBe npernocranxenonpaayveaano 611 HCTaHOBlIWTe na je crapa npxsa yTO speve 611Jla y cPyHKUlljl1. Ilpeva TOMe, peanno 6116HJlO 04eKHBaTII Lla cy Ha n~ejIHHIIM cerMeHTHMa

14fhid.,5.15 n. Ilonosuh, Ilpencrasa ananapa Han "uapcxn sparnua"

upxse CB. apxauhena Kon Ilpmpeua, Caouuuueu. Pet7yfi./lI lII\O?J({I!0ij({ 3({ J({ll/lTiU!uy cuoveuuua I':)'.lluype XXVI/1994, 30-31.

16 lbid., 31.

OCTaJllI 04YBaHII TparOBH KyJlTypHIIX cnojesa 113 npeve-na BJla,aaBIIHe xpan.esa Crepana npBOBeHLIaHor HMunyruna.

Ilocnenu.a CpejII-bOBeKOBHa erana, 113 spevena noc-rojau.a KOMnneKCa CBeTHX apxanhena, najoon,e je nos-nata. 11 nOKpeTHl1 MaTepHjan IB OBOr XOpII30HTa, npecsera rpnxapnja, jacno noxasyje CTIIJlCKY npHnaLlHOCTCpnCKOM KyJlTypHOM xpyry, O,aHOCHO yxanana ce Y Benpannje yOLIeHy TllnOJ10WKY YHYIcpIIUllpaHOCT rpnuapnje ypa3Ll06.rby 14. scxa.

KOMnJleKC CBeTHx apxauhena KO,a Ilpmpena, Bennpeva npBHM pe3YJlTaTHMa HOBHX IICTpa)l(IIBaI-ba, H3,aBa-. .ja ce xao IBY3eTHO 3HaLIajHO nanasmure ca CJlO)l(eHOMCTpaTHrpacPCKOM cnryauujo. OrpaHHLIaBaI-beM osornpnnora na pasnofin,e cpemser sexa, noxyiuann CMO naYKa)l(eMO na 3HaLIaj npecserapasnofin.a xoje nperxonnIBrpa,aI-b11 3aLlY)l(6IlHe napa Crerhana ~ywaHa.Hajnaxnuja nuran,a ce onnoce aa 3HaLIaj KyJlTHOrMeCTa, 4Hjll ce KOHTHHymeT MO)l(e, ca BeJlHKOM BepOBaT-HonOM, npemOCTaBIHl1 noues on pa3,iJ,06.1Ja n03HeaHTlIKe, O,aHOCHO 6. croneha, na CBe no cpe.nnre 15. scxa,xana TYPwI HCTOBpeMeHO caocaajan.ev Ilpnspena pyweII cnarsyjy UpKBy CBeTHx apxanhena, He :vtaI-be Ba)l(HH cyH npofinevn y Be3H ca BpeMeHOM 3aCHIIBaI-ba pannjercpeL\I-bOBeKOBHor nacen,a na npocropy Y3 DHCTpIlUY, araxohe II ca speveuov HaCTaHKa TBp1)aBe Bmuerpan Hn.enor xopmuhen.a y enOXH cpemser scxa. Ha OBa Hnpyra naxna mrran,a nOTnyHH onronopn Mory ceOLIeKIIBanl TeK HaKOH 0611MHHjllX apXeOJlOWKHXnctpaxnnau.a.

UDK 726.7.033.2(497.115):902.01-03"653"

ACONTRIBUTION TO THE CULTURE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MONASTERY OF THE HOLY ARCHANGELS AT PRIZREN

VESNA BIKIC, Institute ofArchaeology, Beograd

The traces of monastery complex of the Holly Archangels atPrizren are drawing the scholars' attention for decades. The assess-ments ofarchitects and arthistorians based upon field research, con-tributed greatly tothe study ofthis im portant ed ifice. Archaeologicalresearch, however, has not been advanced since the first explorationofR. Grujic in 1927. The basic objective ofall previous research wastoobtain the data on monastery architecture and its conservation, andhence the earlier achaeologicallayers were not explored. Therefore aproblem ofwhat preceded tothe construction ofthis remarkable lega-

cyofKing Stefan Dusan remained unsolved. Itwas a motive to initi-ate the archaeological excavations in 1992, in a broader area of theHoly Archangels, i.e., the monastery complex and the Visegrad forti-fication. The new results were immediately obtained indicating acomplex stratigraphical situation. Several settlement horizons cover-ing a long period since prehistory until XVI-XVII centuries wereuncovered. Distinguishing the two medieval horizons, which preced-ed the construction ofchurch and buildings of the monastery com-plex, is especially important. It is a solid starting point in discussion

286

ontherole of this place in earlier Medieval epochs. Based upon thepresent survey of culture stratigraphy, this contribution focuses ondata obtained from the analysis ofceramic material which may lead toa different approach tothe research ofthis complex.

Indications of using the noted area are distinct in the Late Romanperiod, aswell as later in a period between eleventh and mid-fifteenthcentury. The time of Medieval renewal of the settlement isrepresent-edby burials and, not far from them, traces of partly explored mason-ry. Objects of material culture inthis horizon are ofa local character,i.e., manufactured and used by population settled in the territory underthe Byzantine government (fig. 1/1. 2, 4-6, 8, 9, 11). A sacral con-struction renovated in Medieval times, which replaced an older churchdating probably from VI century, represents a specific problem.Reconstruction ofthe old sanctuary was probably related to the estab-Iishment ofEpiscopacy at Prizren, taking place in theend ofX,or inthe first decades ofXI century.

The second stage follows immediately, covering a time-spanbetween XII and thebeginning ofXIII century. The region was undermuch stronger influence of Byzantine culture in this period. Apart

BeCHa DHKIIl1

from historic documents, this influence could be confirmed bycoinage and pottery (fig. 1/3,7,10,12).

For the time being, therecord islacking for a period between thefirst decades ofXIII century and the middle ofXIV century.

The last Medieval stage - since the Monastery of the HolyArchangels came into existence, iswell understood. Itcovers a time-span between thesecond halfof XI Vand themiddle of XV century.The attribution to the Serbian culture circle is clearly indicated byarchaeological finds, primarily theceramic vessels from this period,i.e., itconforms topreviously noted typological uniform ity ofthe pot-tery between XIV and the first halfofXV century (fig. 2,3).

Apart from questions related to significance and continuity oftheritual place. it isalso necessary toresolve important problems associ-ated to the time ofestablishment of the oldest Medieval settlement inthe zone along the Bistrica river, and the time of establishment anduse ofthe Visegrad fortification in the Medieval epoch. Answers toallthese questions may be expected only after archaeological explo-rations onlarger scale.