Scrapie Surveillance

Diane SuttonSheep and Goat Health Commodity Team Lead

U.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Veterinary ServicesSecretary’s Advisory Committee on Animal Health

February 2016

Veterinary Services

Tasks

2

• Develop novel approaches for increasing producer and veterinarian submission of mature sheep/goats that die on-farm and mature sheep/goats that are slaughtered on-farm.

• Develop strategies for increasing producer and veterinarian reporting of mature sheep/goats that have scrapie signs.

Background and Current Status

3

* As of December 31, 2015.

Infected and Source Flocks New Statuses by Year - Fiscal Years 1997 to 2016*

0

50

100

150

200

InfectedSource

* As of December 31, 2015. Adjusted to exclude multiple positive animals from the same flock. Does not include Nor98-like scrapie cases found through RSSS (2 in FY 2007, 1 in FY 2008, 4 in FY 2010, 1 in FY 2011).

0.00%

0.02%

0.04%

0.06%

0.08%

0.10%

0.12%

0.14%

0.16%

% Pos '03% Pos '04% Pos '05% Pos '06% Pos '07% Pos '08% Pos '09% Pos '10% Pos '11% Pos '12% Pos '13% Pos '14% Pos '15% Pos '16

Percent of RSSS Sheep Samples that Tested Positive for Classical Scrapie - Weighted by Face Color

Fiscal Years 2003 to 2016*

0.00%0.02%0.04%0.06%0.08%0.10%0.12%0.14%0.16%0.18%0.20%

% Pos '08% Pos '09% Pos '10% Pos '11% Pos '12% Pos '13% Pos '14% Pos '15

Percent of RSSS Samples that TestedPositive for Classical Scrapie by Face Color

Fiscal Years 2008 – 2015

Scrapie Confirmed Cases FY 2015

WY

WV

WI1/1

WA

VT

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH2#

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MA

LA

KYKS

IN

ID26

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO1*/2

CA

AZAR

AK

AL

Type of Scrapie

RSSS Field Cases

Total

Classical 4 29 33

(Nor98-like)

(0) (0) (0)

Total 4 29 33

VA

IL

* First RSSS positive goat identified in November 2014. # RSSS positive case with IN serial tag was traced to OH.

MD

Scrapie Confirmed Cases FY 2016As of December 31, 2015

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH8

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI1

ME

MA

LA

KYKS

IN1

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZAR

AK

AL

Type of Scrapie

RSSS Field Cases

Total

Classical 1 9 10

(Nor98-like)

(0) (0) (0)

Total 1 9 10

VA

IL

MD

WY

WV

WI

WA1

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH5

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI6

ME

MD – 2

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL1

ID

IA7

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO1*/4CA

13AZ1 AR

AK

AL

Scrapie Cases in Goats FY 2002 – FY 2016 As of December 31, 2015

Type of Scrapie

RSSS Field Cases

Total

Classical 1 40 41

(Nor98-like) (0) (0) (0)

Total 1 40 41

* First RSSS positive goat identified in November 2014.

12

Scrapie Surveillance Activities

• Slaughter surveillance– Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS)

• On-Farm surveillance– Investigations of clinical suspects– Trace investigations of exposed and potentially

exposed animals– Routine farm surveillance– Voluntary Scrapie Free Flock Certification Program

(SFCP)

• Laboratory surveillance– Public health laboratories – rabies negative animals– Veterinary diagnostic laboratories – necropsied

animals

Sheep Demographics• 3.1 million breeding sheep >1 yr• Culling rate ~15% or ~465,000 per year• Death losses 220,000 per year• Percent tested for scrapie FY 2015 4.9%

Goats Demographics• 2.2 million breeding goats• Culling rate ~16% or ~352,000 per year• Death losses 158,400• Percent tested for scrapie FY 2015 1.4%

* As of December 31, 2015

RSSS and On-Farm Surveillance Testingby Species - FY 2016*

81%

19%

RSSS

Sheep Goats

64%

36%

On-Farm

Sheep Goats

Total tested 8,731

8,384 tested 347 tested

Slaughter Surveillance Samples Collected by MonthFiscal Years 2012 to 2016

As of December 31, 2015

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FY 12FY 13FY 14FY 15FY 16

Month

18

05000

1000015000200002500030000350004000045000

FY '03

FY '05

FY '07

FY '09

FY '11

FY '13

FY '15

Other Sheep*GoatWhite FaceMottled <1% BlackMottled >1% BlackBlack Face

* Includes gray, red, and unknown face color; and hair sheep. Chart includes animals collected for RSSS & CSPS. % Black of mottled-faced sheep available since FY 2009

Surveillance Samples Collected at Slaughter FY 2003 – 2015

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZAR

AK

AL≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 80%

81 - 99%

100% +

Percent of Sampling Minimum Achievedin FY 2015—RSSS and On-farm Surveillance—Sheep*

* As of September 30, 2015.

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZAR

AK

AL≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 80%

81 - 99%

100% +

Percent of Sampling Minimum Achievedin FY 2015—RSSS and On-farm Surveillance—Goats*

* As of September 30, 2015. AK, RI and DE have a sampling minimum of 1. IA and MD had a large increase in their minimums due to finding an infected herd in each State in FY 2014.

Scrapie Flock Certification Program: Participating FlocksAs of September 30, 2015

Total Enrolled Flocks—441• Export Monitored—142• Export Certified—22• Select Monitored—277

(includes 14 in Puerto Rico)

WY5

WV1

WI21

WA15

VA3

UT4

TX0

TN-13

SD6

SC16

RI-2PA45

OR10

OK5

OH3

NY5

NV2

NM3

NJ-12NE6

ND0

NC-12

MT4

MS11

MO2

MN7

MI7

ME17

MD-1

MA-6

LA7

KY-12KS6

IN30

IL7

ID9

IA6

HI21

GA16

FL15

DE-0

CT-12

CO1CA

7

AZ1 AR

0

AK1

AL8

VT16

NH-12

PR 14

Traceability One Key to Scrapie Surveillance Success

22

• Sheep and Goat Identification Rules– Most sheep and many goats must be officially

identified to move in inter- and intrastate commerce

– Adopted in 2001– Updating rule to better align goat ID requirements

with sheep requirements

• Encourage compliance by providing free official ear tags to sheep and goat producers– Over 95% sheep arrive at slaughter facilities with

official ID– Over 50% goats arrive at slaughter facilities with

official ID

* April – September, 2003

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%UntraceableTraceable

Average % Traceable FY03-FY15

85%

Investigations of RSSS Positive AnimalsFiscal Years 2003* - 2015

Percent of Sheep Flocks Reported by NASS (2012 Census Report) Assigned Flock Identification Numbers

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZAR

AK

AL≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 80%

81 - 100%

> 100%

Percent of Goat Herds Reported by NASS (2012 Census Report) Assigned Flock Identification Numbers

≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 80%

81 - 100%

> 100%

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZAR

AK

AL

Tasks

27

• Develop novel approaches for increasing producer and veterinarian submission of mature sheep/goats that die on-farm and mature sheep/goats that are slaughtered on-farm.

• Develop strategies for increasing producer and veterinarian reporting of mature sheep/goats that have scrapie signs.

Diane Sutton, DVMNational Scrapie Program CoordinatorSheep & Goat Health Team LeaderUSDA, APHIS, VS, SPRS

301-851-3509 Diane.L.Sutton@APHIS.USDA.gov