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Veterinary Technician’sDaily Reference Guide
Canine and Feline
Third Edition
COPYRIG
HTED M
ATERIAL
SectionOne OneAnatomy
chapter 1
5
Chapterp 11Anatomy
Veterinary Technician’s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline, Third Edition. Edited by Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson with Consulting Editor Valissitie Heeren.© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/jackvettechdailyref
Anatomy 6 Overall 6 Musculature 8 Skeletal 8 Internal Organs 9
Circulatory System 11 Nervous System 13 Urogenital System 14 Eye 16 Ear 16
chapter 1
6 ANATOMY
Figure 1.1 Overall anatomy.
ANATOMY
For a veterinary technician to be able to accurately complete many of his orher daily tasks, a clear understanding of the anatomy of the canine and feline body is needed. The following diagrams show the basic layout of the bodysystems, highlighting the areas of interest that are most commonly accessedin daily medicine practices ranging from the correctly positioned radiographto a single-stick venipuncture.
Overall
See Skill Box 2.5 , Regional Lymph Node Examination, page 35. See Table 5.7 , Directional Terms, page 256.
ANATOMY 7
chapter 1
Figure 1.2 Palpation landmarks.
4
External sagital crest
External occipital protuberance
Spinous process of axis
Wing of atlasEdge of mandibular salivary gland
Spinous processes ofthoracic vertebrae
Dorsal borderof scapula
Acromion process of scapula
Costal arch
Cranial border of thigh
Xiphoid processof sternum
Costochondral junctions of ribs
Olecranon process of ulna(point of elbow)
Dorsal ends of spinousprocesses of lumbar vertebrae
Iliac crestMedian sacral crest
Ischiatic tuberosity
Femoral artery pulse
Patella
Patellar ligament
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleous of tibia
Calcanean tuberosityLateral malleous of fibula
Lateral surface of baseof fifth metatarsal bone
Medial surface of baseof second metatarsal bone
Pouch of stifle joint capsule
Accessory carpal bone
Lateral styloid process of ulna
Head of radius
Base of fifth metacarpal bone
Greater trochanter of femur
Lateral ridge of fermoral trochleaLateral condyle of femur
Lateral condyle of tibiaHead of fibula
Distal ends of transverseprocesses of lumbar vertebrae
Zygomatic archOrbital rim
Nasal boneIncisive bone
Nasal cartilage
Infraorbital foramen of maxillaMandibular symphysis and notch
Hyoid archThyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Spine of scapulaCranial border of scapula
Border of m. supraspinatus
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Manubrium of sternum
Greater tuberosity of humerus
Caudal margin of brachium
Caudal marginof m. deltoideus
Trachea
Jugular vein41 2 3 5 6 5 6
4 5 6 7
6 7 8 9
chapter 1
8 ANATOMY
Figure 1.3 Regional lymph nodes.
Figure 1.4 Musculature: lateral view.
Sternocephalicup s
Cleidocervicalis
Trapezius
Pectoralismajor
Pectoralisminor
Deltoids
CCleidobrachialis
TricepsDeeppectoral
Superficialgluteal
Middlegluteal
Bicepsfemoris
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
ExternalabdominalobliqueLatissimus
dorsi
emiusGastrocne
Figure 1.5 Skeletal: lateral view.
Orbit
MMaxilla
MMandible
Zygomaticarch
RibsHumerus
Ulna
Radius
Phalanges
Carpus
Metacarpus
Ulna
Sternum
Xyphoid
Costalarch
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Femur
uIschium
Ischialtuberosity
Greateretrochanter
IliumLumbar
Sacrum
IliaccrestThoracic
Scapula
Spine ofscapula
Spinousprocess
Cervical
AtlasAxis
Musculature
Skeletal
See Skill Box 2.7 , Orthopedic Examination, page 39. See Figure 13.1 , Figure 13.2 , Figure 13.3 , and Figure 13.4 , pages
689–691.
ANATOMY 9
chapter 1
Figure 1.6 Skeletal: dorsal view.
Zygomaticarch
schiaIs luberositytu
Greatertrochanterof femur
Ilium
SacruS m
Iliaccrest
ScapulaSpine ofscapula
laAtl s
xisAx
L1
T1
Wing oofatlas
Figure 1.7 Internal organs: left lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.
LungsRightkidneyColon
Ureter
Urinarybladderbl dd
Liver HeartGreateromentum(covering(small intestines)
Uterinehorn
Ovaryy
AAnus
Figure 1.8 Internal organs: right lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.
LungsLeftkidney
Spleen
ColonUreterUreter
Urinarybladderbladder
Smallintestines
StomachStomach
Liver
Heart(cardiac notch)
yThymus
Esophagus
Trachea
Internal Organs
See Skill Box 2.3 , Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Figure 12.2 , Endotracheal intubation, page 634.
chapter 1
10 ANATOMY
Figure 1.9 Internal organs: ventral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-1.
eaTrache
Lung
Heartt
phragDiap mLiveer
Liver
LiverLGallbladdeer
Commonbile duct
Spleen
StomacS h
Duodenumm
Pancreass
Ascendinggcolon
Ceccum
Rectum
Anall gland
reaterGrmentum (cut)om
Lesseromentum
Jejunum
Ileum
Transverssecolon
Descendingcolon
Mesentery
Essophagus
Figure 1.10 Internal organs: liver and kidney.
ANATOMY 11
chapter 1
Figure 1.11 Circulatory: dorsal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-2.
Left subclaviaanartery
Aortic arch
Left atrium
Pulmonaryveins
PulmonarP yvev ins
Leftventricle
Coronaryartery
Apex
Rightventricle
Inferiorvena cava
Superiorvvena cava
ulmonarP yrarteries
Rightatrium
Left auricle
Circulatory System
See Skill Box 2.1 , Cardiac Examination, page 31.
chapter 1
12 ANATOMY
Figure 1.12 Circulatory: internal view of the heart. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-2.
Left subclaLeft subclavianvianartery
Aorta
Apex
Rightventr clic e
peSu riorv na caen va
RRightaatrium
TTricuspidvvalve
RightRaura icle
atLeft rium
Leftventricle
Semilunar valvesof aorta
Ventralpapillaryrmusclee
hordaCh endineate e
Bicuspidvalve
ANATOMY 13
chapter 1
Figure 1.13 Circulatory: heart valves.
Figure 1.14 Circulatory: lateral view. For color detail, see color plate section, CP-3.
Figure 1.15 Nervous system: lateral view of the brain.
Corpuscollosum
Epithalamus
CCerebellum
Spinal cord Medullaoblongata
ThalamusPituitary
Opticchiasm
thalamusHypot
OlfO actorybulbu
Nervous System
chapter 1
14 ANATOMY
Figure 1.16 Nervous system: lateral view. For color detail, see color platesection, CP-3.
Brachialplexus
Femoral
Lumbosacrallplexus
MedianRadial
Ulnar
Sciatic
Tibial
VagosympathetiVV ctrunk
VagusVV
Figure 1.17 Urogenital: ventral view, female.
Adrenalgland
Anal gland
CColon
sugahposEmgarhpaiDD
KKidney
Rectum
Ureter
Urethra
UUrinarybbladder
BBroadliigament
OOvary
Ovarianligament
Roundligament
UUterinetube
Uterus:
BodyHorn
Vagina
Urogenital System
See Skill Box 2.3 , Abdominal Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 11.11 , Urogenital Procedures: Urinary Catheterization,
page 611.
ANATOMY 15
chapter 1
Figure 1.18 Urogenital: ventral view, male.
Adrenalgland
Analgland
Colon
Di hDiaphragm E hEsophagus
Kidney
Rectum
Ureter
Urethra
Urinarybladder
Bulbourethralgland
Ductusdeferens
Epididymis Glans penisPrepuce
ProstateglandSpermatic
cord
Testis
Penis
Figure 1.19 Urogenital: lateral view, male.
Kidneys
Ureter
Ureethra
Urinary bladder
Ductusdeferensdeferens
EpididymisGlanspenis
Prepuce
Prostate gland
Spermatic cord
TestisOs penis
ColonColon
chapter 1
16 ANATOMY
Figure 1.20 Eye.
Anteerior chamber
BulbarBulbarconjunctiva
Choroid
Cornea
IrisLens
Opticdisk
Opticnerve
Palpebralconjunctivj ti a
Posteriorchamber
Retina
S lSclera
SuspensoryligamentThird
eyyelid
Vitreoushumor
Figure 1.21 Ear.
ditoryAudvenerv
Cochlea
Eustachian tube(auditory)
Horizontalauditory canal
Middle earycavity
Ovalwindow
Pinna
undRoudowwind
Semicircularcanals
Tympanicmembrane
Verticalauditory canal
Vestibule
Eye Ear
See Skill Box 2.4 , Otoscopic Examination, page 34. See Skill Box 2.13 , Ear Cleaning and Flushing, page 62.